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TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENER® TheThe MagazineMagazine ofof thethe AAmericanmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySociety March / April 2010 Beautiful, Durable Baptisias Coniferous Groundcovers DynamicDynamic DuetsDuets Agaves for Small Spaces forfor ShadeShade contents Volume 89, Number 2 . March / April 2010 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 8 NEWS FROM AHS Allan Armitage to host AHS webinar, River Farm Spring Garden Market in April, AHS National Children & Youth Garden Symposium goes to California, AHS to participate in 4th annual Washington, D.C.-area Garden Fest, 2010 AHS President’s Council Members Trip to Florida. 14 AHS NEWS SPECIAL 2010 Great American Gardeners National Award winners and 2010 Book Award winners. 42 ONE ON ONE WITH… page 36 Steven Still: Herbaceous perennial expert. 44 HOMEGROWN HARVEST A bumper crop of broccoli. 18 DYNAMIC DUETS FOR SHADE BY KRIS WETHERBEE Light up shady areas of the garden by using plant combinations 46 GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK that offer complementary textures and colors. Mt. Cuba Center releases coneflower evaluation results, AMERICAN BEAUTIES: study shows bumble bee 24 page 24 populations declining, BAPTISIAS BY RICHARD HAWKE GreatPlants® and Perennial The release of new cultivars of Plant Association name 2010 false indigo has renewed garden- Plants of the Year, Berry ers’ interest in the genus Baptisia. Botanic Garden to close, Jane Pepper retires as president of page 46 GROUND-COVERING Pennsylvania Horticultural 30 Society. CONIFERS BY PENELOPE O’SULLIVAN 50 GREEN GARAGE® Reduce maintenance and add Garden gloves. vibrant color and texture to the garden by using low-growing 52 BOOK REVIEWS conifers as groundcovers. What’s Wrong with My Plant? (And How Do I Fix It?); Homegrown Vegetables, Fruits, and Herbs; The Vegetable Gardener’s Bible; and 36 AGAVES FOR SMALL GARDENS BY MARY IRISH The Encyclopedia of Herbs. Many small agave selections are well suited for smaller garden sites and also adapt surprisingly well to cultivation outside of their native 56 REGIONAL HAPPENINGS Southwest. 60 HARDINESS AND HEAT ZONES AND PRONUNCIATIONS ON THE COVER: Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum odoratum 'Variegatum') and celandine poppy (Sty- 62 PLANT IN THE SPOTLIGHT TOP: LYNNE HARRISON. CENTER: COURTESY OF KLEHM’S SONG SPARROW FARM AND NURSERY. RIGHT: COURTESY OF PETER SCHROEDER lophorum diphyllum) partner beautifully in a shade garden. Photograph by Donna Krischan Mountain fringe vine (Adlumia fungosa) March / April 2010 3 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY “This is a book to turn to over a lifetime of garden misadventures.” Making America a Nation of Gardeners, a Land of Gardens —Dominique Browning The New York Times Board of Directors CHAIR Susie Usrey Dayton, Oregon FIRST VICE CHAIRMAN Don E. Riddle, Jr. Davidsonville, Maryland SECOND VICE CHAIRMAN Leslie Ariail Alexandria, Virginia SECRETARY Harry A. Rissetto, Esq. Falls Church, Virginia TREASURER Arnold Steiner Birmingham, Alabama Sandra Address Chevy Chase, Maryland ■ Allan M. Armitage Athens, Georgia ■ Suzanne Bales Oyster Bay, New York William E. Barrick, Ph.D. Theodore, Alabama ■ Kurt Bluemel Baldwin, Maryland ■ Amy Bolton Falls Church, Virginia Henrietta Burke Alexandria, Virginia ■ Tom Cooper Watertown, Massachusetts ■ Jane Diamantis McDonald, Tennessee Gay Estes Houston, Texas ■ Anne Garland Farrell Richmond, Virginia ■ Carole Hofley Wilson, Wyoming Margaret Kulp Louisville, Kentucky ■ Caroline Lewis Coral Gables, Florida ■ Jack Lowry Phoenix, Maryland Melissa R. Marshall Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ■ Mary Pat Matheson Atlanta, Georgia Shirley Nicolai Ft. Washington, Maryland ■ J. Landon Reeve, IV Woodbine, Maryland Holly Shimizu Glen Echo, Maryland EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Tom Underwood PRESIDENT EMERITUS Katy Moss Warner President’s Council AHS New CHAMPION’S CIRCLE Mr. and Mrs. W. Bruce Usrey LIBERTY HYDE BAILEY CIRCLE Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Kulp, Jr. ■ Mrs. Elizabeth Craig Weaver Proctor ■ Mr. and Mrs. Harry A. Rissetto ■ Encyclopedia of Mr. Arnold Steiner ■ Mr. and Mrs. Klaus Zech Gardening HAUPT CIRCLE Lynda and Nathan Bachman ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert Baillie ■ Mr. James R. Cargill ■ Mrs. Susan M. Cargill ■ Mr. and Mrs. Techniques Thomas Farrell ■ Mrs. Richard W. Hamming ■ Mrs. Carole S. Hofley ■ Mr. J. Landon Reeve, IV ■ Mrs. Enid N. Warner COUNCIL MEMBER’S CIRCLE Mrs. Sandra L. Address ■ Mr. and Mrs. John H. Ariail, Jr. ■ Mrs. Suzanne F. Bales ■ Mrs. Suzanne F. Bales ■ Nancy J. Becker, M.D. ■ Mrs. Katherine Belk ■ Mrs. George P. Bissell, Jr. ■ Mr. and Mrs. C. William Black ■ Dr. Sherran Blair ■ Mr. and Mrs. Kurt Bluemel ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Bogle ■ Ms. Amy Bolton ■ Mr. and Mrs. Michael T. Bradshaw ■ Mr. and Mrs. Taylor Burke, “You’ll find step-by-step III ■ Ms. Judy Daniel ■ Mr. and Mrs. George Diamantis ■ Mr. and Mrs. Carl Estes ■ Ms. Megan Evans ■ Ms. Inger Fair ■ Dr.and Mrs. instructions for pruning, watering, John A. Floyd, Jr. ■ Mrs. Carolyn V. Foil ■ Ms. Marguerite Peet Foster ■ Ms. Amy Goldman ■ Mr. and Mrs. Joel Goldsmith ■ Mrs. Joan propagating; information about all Goltzman ■ Ms. LaDawn Griffin ■ Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Hanselman ■ Dr. and Mrs. William O. Hargrove ■ Mrs. Elizabeth Hooff ■ Mr. Philip Huey ■ Mrs. Carolyn M. Lindsay ■ Ms. JoAnn Luecke ■ Mr. and Mrs. Bob J. MacLean ■ Ms. Melissa Marshall ■ Mrs. Dorothy categories of plants…sections on Marston ■ Mr. Charles T. Matheson ■ Mr. and Mrs. Harold McClendon, Jr. ■ Ms. Rosalyn Milbrandt ■ Mr. and Mrs. Egon Molbak ■ Dr. organic techniques and recycling; and Mrs. David E. Morrison ■ Mr. and Mrs. James R. Moxley ■ Mrs. Shirley Ann Nicolai ■ Mr. David D. Parrish ■ Mr. and Mrs. Albin and how to treat pests and MacDonough Plant ■ Mrs. Jeanne O. Shields ■ Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Smith, Jr. ■ Mr. and Mrs. William M. Spencer, III ■ Mr. Harold Stahly ■ Dr. and Mrs. Steven M. Still ■ Mr. Howard McK. Tucker and Ms. Megan Evans ■ Mr. and Mrs. Tom Underwood ■ Mr. Joe Viar disease…. Consider it a plant- ■ Ms. Angela M. Vikesland ■ Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Volk ■ Ms. Katy Moss Warner ■ Mr. and Mrs. Dennis White ■ Mr. and Mrs. Harvey lover’s mutual fund—a little of this C. White ■ Mr. and Mrs. John W.White, Sr. ■ Ms. Jill Yates and little of that, in a dandy HONORARY PRESIDENT’S COUNCIL Ms. Louise Fruehling* ■ Mrs. Enid Haupt* ■ Mrs. John A. Lutz* ■ Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Miller* investment.” *In memoriam —Ginny Smith Philadelphia Inquirer “This is a must have for gardeners Education Sponsor OXO International and landscape designers.” —Joel M. Lerner Corporate Members The Washington Post Brent and Becky’s Bulbs ■ The Care of Trees ■ Chapel Valley Landscape Company ■ The Espoma Company ■ Furbish Company ■ Homestead Gardens ■ Kurt Bluemel, Inc. ■ Monrovia ■ MTR Landscape Architects, LLC. ■ Osmocote ■ Renee’s Garden Horticultural Partners America in Bloom Symposium & Awards Program ■ Bellingrath Gardens and Home ■ Mitchell-Beazley/Octopus Books USA Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Garden Symposium ■ Cox Arboretum MetroPark 480 pages Hardcover, $45 ■ Epcot International Flower & Garden Festival ■ The Gardeners of America/Men’s Garden Clubs of America ■ The Homestead in the Garden Symposium ■ Inniswood Garden Society ■ Morris Arboretum Available wherever ■ Oklahoma Botanical Garden & Arboretum ■ Oklahoma Horticultural Society books are sold 4 the American Gardener NOTES FROM RIVER FARM CONTACTS FOR C AHS PROGRAMS, MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS & DEPARTMENTS For general information about your membership, call (800) 777-7931. Send change of address notifications to our membership department at HE ARRIVAL 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA of this issue of The American Gardener in your mailbox means 22308. If your magazine is lost or damaged in that the official beginning of spring is close at hand—a welcome milestone the mail, call the number above for a replace- as it signals the start of the gardening season in much of the country. This ment. Requests for membership information T and change of address notification can also be year, in particular, it takes on special significance. Here at River Farm, the task of get- e-mailed to [email protected]. ting our gardens back in order after what has proven to be the snowiest winter on THE AMERICAN GARDENER To submit a letter to record for the mid-Atlantic region will surely keep us busy for months to come. the editor of The American Gardener, write to While we are saddened by the broken limbs, uprooted trees, and damaged shrubs The American Gardener, 7931 East Boulevard that the storms passing through our area left in their wake, it means that the can- Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308, or send an e-mail to [email protected]. vas of our garden now has some openings where we can put our horticultural DEVELOPMENT To make a gift to the American Horticultural Society, or for information about prowess to the test. We find ourselves re- a donation you have already made, call (800) thinking the garden as once-shady loca- 777-7931 ext. 118. tions become sunny, and as plants that E-NEWSLETTER To sign up for our monthly had become old friends and had long e-newsletter, visit www.ahs.org. been taken for granted are suddenly no INTERNSHIP PROGRAM The AHS offers intern- longer part of the landscape. ships in communications, horticulture, and Whether it’s renewing a storm-damaged youth programs. For information, send an e-mail to [email protected]. Information and garden or just getting a start on spring, gardeners across the country will soon be mak- application forms can also be found in the ing their way to local garden centers for plants, supplies, advice…and maybe a sym- River Farm area of www.ahs.org. pathetic ear! A trip to the local garden center or nursery is a sure cure for cabin fever NATIONAL CHILDREN & YOUTH GARDEN and a great way to get reenergized and gather ideas for the new gardening season. SYMPOSIUM For information about the Soci- The AHS has a long-standing relationship with the horticulture industry—par- ety’s annual National Children & Youth Gar- den Symposium, call (800) 777-7931 ext. ticularly with retail garden centers. We are unique in that our membership includes 137 or visit the Youth Gardening section of both professional horticulturists and their customers—the common bond being a www.ahs.org.
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  • Potential Impact of Climate Change

    Potential Impact of Climate Change

    Adhikari et al. Journal of Ecology and Environment (2018) 42:36 Journal of Ecology https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-018-0095-y and Environment RESEARCH Open Access Potential impact of climate change on the species richness of subalpine plant species in the mountain national parks of South Korea Pradeep Adhikari, Man-Seok Shin, Ja-Young Jeon, Hyun Woo Kim, Seungbum Hong and Changwan Seo* Abstract Background: Subalpine ecosystems at high altitudes and latitudes are particularly sensitive to climate change. In South Korea, the prediction of the species richness of subalpine plant species under future climate change is not well studied. Thus, this study aims to assess the potential impact of climate change on species richness of subalpine plant species (14 species) in the 17 mountain national parks (MNPs) of South Korea under climate change scenarios’ representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and Migclim for the years 2050 and 2070. Results: Altogether, 723 species occurrence points of 14 species and six selected variables were used in modeling. The models developed for all species showed excellent performance (AUC > 0.89 and TSS > 0.70). The results predicted a significant loss of species richness in all MNPs. Under RCP 4.5, the range of reduction was predicted to be 15.38–94.02% by 2050 and 21.42–96.64% by 2070. Similarly, under RCP 8.5, it will decline 15.38–97.9% by 2050 and 23.07–100% by 2070. The reduction was relatively high in the MNPs located in the central regions (Songnisan and Gyeryongsan), eastern region (Juwangsan), and southern regions (Mudeungsan, Wolchulsan, Hallasan, and Jirisan) compared to the northern and northeastern regions (Odaesan, Seoraksan, Chiaksan, and Taebaeksan).