ISSN 1819-1460

& QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE SOCIETY&

VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011

Table of Contents

& CLIVIA NEWS Inner Front Cover & EDITORIAL The Clivia Society www.cliviasociety.org Roger Fisher 2 & CLIVIA TWELVE 3 The Clivia Society caters for Clivia enthusiasts throughout the world. It is the umbrella body for a & CLIVIA 13 3 number of constituent Clivia Clubs and interest Groups which meet regularly in South Africa and & CLIVIA SOCIETY MATTERS elsewhere around the world. In addition, the Society has individual members in many countries, Notice of an Annual General Meeting of the Clivia Society o be held on Saturday 21 May 2011 at the Assagay Hotel, Shongweni, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 4 some of which also have their own Clivia Clubs. An annual Yearbook and quarterly News letters The Clivia Society Annual General Meeting and Gardenii Show 5 are published by the Society. For information on becoming a member and / or for details of & READER'S VIEWS Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups contact the Clivia Society secretary or where appropriate, the When is 'Clivia' not a Clivia? 5 - Solanum tuberosum L. cv. 'Clivia' - Greig Russell 5 International Contacts, at the addresses listed in the inside back cover. & CLIVIA NATURE NOTES Another Clivia-chomping worm in prison garb - Greig Russell 6 & HABITAT CLIVIA The objectives of the Clivia Society Umtamvuna Gorge Clivia - Mick Dower 10 & GROWERS' NOTES 1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and Wicking - Maria Mancini 10 associate members; & BREEDERS' NOTES 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the Clivia in its Batch study of C. miniata x C. nobilis crosses - A report and findings on the C. miniata x C. nobilis hybrids - Welland Cowley 11 natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally Observations on ‘batch study of c. miniata x c. nobilis crosses’ - Johan Spies 12 occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of MP7 - Piet Theron 13 conservation; & CLIVIA SOCIETY HISTORY 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by: The heritage of the Clivia Society: 1992 to 1996 Part 1 of an address delivered to the Fifth Quadrennial Clivia Conference, 3.1 The exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Bellville, Cape - Lena van der Merwe 16 Clivia Clubs and associate members; & CLIVI-ARTA - Helen Sanders 24 3.2 Where possible, the mutual exchange of , seed and pollen amongst & THE CLIVIA SOCIETY Inner Back Cover Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and 3.3 The mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst ADVERTISEMENTS Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; WILL ANYONE WISHING TO ADVERTISE OR WHO KNOWS OF POTENTIAL SPONSORS OR 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance ADVERTISERS PLEASE COMMUNICATE WITH SAKKIE NEL IN THIS REGARD - SEE INNER COVER FOR it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination CONTACT DETAILS. thereof amongst constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; The Clivia Society Newsletter started as a black on white news-sheet dated July 1992, numbered and Volume 1 number 1, called 'Clivia Club'. It formed a means of communication for people interested in the genus Clivia. It was edited/written by Nick Primich with a frequency of 3, 5, 8 & 5 during the 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the above- first 4 years, using the publication month in the volume. mentioned objectives. The frequency was fixed on four annually with Vol. 5 No 1 of March 1996. The date changed to the southern hemisphere seasons with Vol. 8 No 1 of Autumn 1999. The first three used yellow paper as cover. The name changed to 'CLIVIA CLUB NEWSLETTER' with Vol. 9 No 1 More information on the Clivia Society available on Autumn 2000 with full colour photos on the cover pages. Another name change to 'CLIVIA SOCIETY NEWSLETTER' came with Vol. 10 No 4 Summer 2000, and in 2005 reverted to a quarterly number. www.cliviasociety.org CLIVIA NEWS is the continuation of this series.

1 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011

EDITORIAL CLIVIA

he volume number says it all – we’re into Clivia itself. Since out last issue two well known TWELVE the twentieth year of the existence of what names have joined the ever-growing circle of Yearbook errata Tis now the Clivia Society, once merely an Clivia devotees on the other side. It is with On page 3 it should state international grouping of “friends of the Clivia”. sadness that we report the departure of Erda Miss Cynthna Forsmann Such groupings say as much of the strangeness Guillaume and Fred van Niekerk. We trust their (nee [not ‘later’] Letty). of human nature as it does of the intrigue to us family will be comforted in the thought they are The page 49 that is of the nature of that genus or on which remembered and the memories cherished by labeled 2nd Runner-Up we focus and lavish our time and attentions – in so many who shared their hobby and passion is the Mick Dower Photo our particular case the genus Clivia. There are for Clivia. that appears on page 4 and vice versa. many studies that could be done and a ream of In this issue we visit a new observation on the Correction of page 4 of Mick Dower’s ‘Winner statistics that could be generated from studying phenomenon of how interspecifics between the - Best Own Breeding’. such a dedicated circle of devotees. Just some cross C. miniata x C. nobilis present phenotypi- The winner was in fact his plant registered under that come to mind: cally and a fascinating insight from Johan Spies the name 'JULIA D.' As it ages the white turns Why is the average age probably far older by way of explanation. pink and later the flowers take on a slight peach than that of the general population? Then we present the first of four parts of Lena bloom in the pink. It is the offspring of the cross With its rider: van der Merwe’s recording of the heritage of the (Photo right). Does loving Clivia more than is absolutely Society as presented at the last Clivia Conference (Photo top right) a ‘Floradale Apricot’ x ‘Oribi necessary guarantee longevity? in Bellville, Cape last September. Gorge Yellow’. Why is the Clivia Society male dominated? These, amongst others, to make for reading On page 57 the photograph titling went awry. It With its rider: while listening to your Clivia plants grow. & should read: 1st [in Habitat section] Rod Randall What do the ‘Clivia widows’ do? – Red form of C. miniata blooming at Oribi What is the economic scale of the hobby (as Roger Fisher Gorge. & opposed to that of the genus in the floral Editor – Clivia News industry)? What are the savings on health C. miniata-like flowers care bills through such intensive CLIVIA 13 Pendulous species engagement in this hobby? We are in preparation for the next issue of the Interspecifics Conversely - Clivia Yearbook. Novelty plants and flowers [New category Does competitive behavior such – can be leaf, plant or flower] as elicited by Clivia Shows add Photographic Competition: Single Flower costs to the health care bills? Clivia in Habitat Judges comments on the previous competition If there’s a plant out there you Clivia Art Photography [New category] were that they: MUST have, why, if you can’t eat Please attach as much information into the were of the opinion that a great numbers of the it, are you prepared to pay so labeling of the photograph so as to ensure its images were not up to standard as they were much to have it? retrieval. either out of focus or the colours had been With the Clivia Society being repre- over intensified (especially the reds and greens). Please send digital photos of 2010 show pictures sentative of the greying brigade There were also a number of white balance, and entries with WELL LABELLED digital photos we are forever bidding farewell to compositional and background mishaps. These or scans which clearly indicate: people who seem as perennial as the Bertie and Erda Guillaume. factors led to the affected images not being Grower [Full name] considered for the competition. Breeder [Full name] EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER ROGER FISHER: PO Box 1039, White River, 1240, Republic of South Africa In the end it was those images where the Breeding of plant & & & Tel: +27 83 602 7736 Fax: 086 515 0710 (RSA only) E-mail: [email protected] photographers had taken extra effort to get the Registered name [if applicable] PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER SAKKIE NEL: PO Box 35235, Menlo Park, 0120 composition, balance, lighting, exposure and Prize awarded [if applicable] &Tel: +27 12 361-6415&E-mail: [email protected] backgrounds correct that were the successful Photographer [Full name] YEARBOOK EDITORIAL ROGER FISHER: PO Box 1039, White River, 1240, Republic of South Africa With your Club Representative to the AGM &Tel: +27 83 602 7736&Fax: 086 515 0710 (RSA only) &E-mail: [email protected] images. &DESIGN & LAYOUT FRÉDA VAN WYK: +27 82 468 8485 Categories [Preferably a file folder with the sub- Or post them to &PRINTING CPD Graphics (Pty) Ltd., Pretoria Tel: +27 12-342 1978/9 mission - Judges keep the right to change this] PO Box 1039, White River, 1240. &

2 3 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA SOCIETY MATTERS The Clivia Society Annual General Meeting and NOTICE OF AN ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Gardenii Show OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY 21 & 22 MAY 2011 The rates for the Assagay Hotel and Conference Centre, which is the venue for the 2011 AGM of the TO BE HELD ON Clivia Association, are as follows: Accommodation: Single – bed and breakfast R500 pp per night SATURDAY 21 MAY 2011 Double/Twin – bed and breakfast R400 pp per night If you are staying at the hotel – THE ABOVE Price DOES include finger lunch on Saturday and teas, AT THE ASSAGAY HOTEL, SHONGWENI, coffees during the weekend. The DINNER prices BELOW need to be added to the ABOVE package if you are staying at the hotel KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA and attending either one or both of the dinners. Dinner: Friday – buffet R100 pp www.assagayhotel.co.za Saturday – AGM Function Supper R100 pp Please let Yolandi know if there are any special diet requirements. Starting times and venues: For those delegates NOT using the accommodation facilities of the Assagay Hotel, there will be a charge of R115 pp for the day. This will include bottomless tea/coffee/juice, finger lunch, 1 soft FRIDAY 20TH MAY drink and 1 bottle of water. Bookings for accommodation may be made by contacting Yolandi Badenhorst, Conference 14h00 onwards Check-in at Hotel. Department, Assagay Hotel. 18h00 for 19h00 Braai (cash bar will be PLEASE – State your NAMES and the Club or Interest Group you belong to CLEARLY when you make available) your bookings. See you there! & SATURDAY 21st MAY 09h00 Breakfast 10h00 – 12h30 Will arrange shade READER’S VIEWS house visits on re- quest. When is 'Clivia' not a Clivia? 5 - 13h00 Light lunch 15h00 Annual General Solanum tuberosum L. cv. 'Clivia' Meeting. Greig Russell – Cape Clivia Club 18h00 for 19h00 ouring the British Isles in a Dormobile in March - May 1993 was one of the great adventures SUNDAY 22nd MAY of my life. Having an onboard gas stove meant that it was not necessary to waste money on over-priced British restaurants offering lousy British food (which so satisfied my Scottish roots). 09h00 Breakfast. Special T One of the great delights of the Scots leg of the journey was being able to pop into a little store and arrangements to be be offered 15 or 20 labeled varieties of potatoes from which to choose. And they all tasted glorious, made for those leaving simply boiled and buttered. The best South African 'Up-to-Date', 'BP1' and 'van der Plank' don't hold early. a candle to the very worst, most boring Scots-grown potato. 10h00 Check-out time. I cannot remember being offered 'Clivia' in Scotland, but as this is a German potato , I was All correspondence should be forwarded probably not in quite the right place. Solanum tuberosum L. cv. 'Clivia' was bred in Berlin from two to the Society at one of the following nameless, numbered and placed on the German national potato list in 1962. It is a white- addresses: skinned, yellow-fleshed, medium potato with white flowers, that is considered to be multi-purpose - presumably baking, boiling, mashing and chips?. Clivia Society, PO Box 74 868, Lynnwood Although not notably fertile as a breeder, it has, nevertheless, given rise to a goodly number of useful Ridge, 0040. progeny, including: 'Belladonna', 'Maja', 'Elvira', 'Gigant', 'Miranda', 'Quarta', 'Culpa', 'Isabell', 'Vally', Fax: +27 12 804 8892 'Salvia', 'Linda', 'Viki', 'Aula', 'Sava', etc. Gosh, they all sound so delectable. What about a potato- Email: [email protected] Directions to ASSAGAY Hotel] munching trip to Germany, with sauerkraut on the side? &

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CLIVIA NATURE NOTES the bottom of the pot, by day, the possible match - based on the placement of the will be hiding as best they can under the wing-pattern elements; namely Polia poliastis (# Another Clivia-chomping worm in prison garb remaining seedlings or in the corners. As they 892), given the common name of 'Grey Shears'. are squished between fingers, one reflects upon This was described from an East African Greig Russell – Cape Clivia Club how damn pretty they are; and how sad their specimen by Sir George Francis Hampson (1860 immediate fate - oh, if only they hadn't. - 1936), an amateur lepidopterist who, following n the order (butterflies & stripe and bright red head, it is particularly fond A year or two ago I spared one's life, popped her a period as a tea-planter in India, returned to ), a great many of the pest species are of crinums and . into a bottle, one quarter filled with sand, and England to work at the British Museum on his Imoths of the family . Most of the fattened her up on clivia flowers. Apparently obsession with butterflies and moths. Hampson caterpillars which feed on amaryllids belong to reading the calendar, she disappeared on the 1st named this species Mamestra poliastis in 1902. this family. In South Africa, we are all probably of October. On the 1st of July of the following It is currently called Mythimna (Morphopoliana) familiar with old crini, the lily borer/ year, she reappeared transformed into a fairly poliastis. , neatly dressed, as he is, in boring moth with a penchant for camouflage. his spotted prison pyjamas. This species is also A few days later she laid a few eggs (hence I found in much of the Old World, particularly knew she was a she), and then I zapped her. around the Mediterranean and as far as South Vengeance is a dish best served cold - or really East Asia, Japan and northern . In the cold in this case. New World, around the Caribbean and along I duly set her for photography (you will observe the eastern littoral of South America as far south from my preparation that I am not about to as Argentina, the Spanish Moth, Xanthopastis be employed as an entomological technician in timais, occurs; the larval form of which is known The clivia-chomping caterpillar. the near future) and thereafter I attempted to as the convict caterpillar. It is closely related to One would have thought that that was enough identify her. Mythimna (Morphopoliana) poliastis capensis our lily borer, but the caterpillar is generally worms to consider, but no. Here on the Southern (by my guess) - a female that got on my nerves; striped on each segment, and the moth is In the meanwhile, I wondered around looking Cape Peninsula, we have another 'cliviovore'; one notice the needle stuck through her thorax. much more gorgeous, in shades of pink, black, for examples of these caterpillars on plants that sneaks in in the dead of winter when you Pinhey described it as "a lichen-like moth". orange and grey. There are a few other closely other than my clivia seedlings. They certainly are not watching your seedlings as closely as related genera of amaryllid/lily-chompers; the have catholic tastes. I have encountered them usual, since they need less frequent watering. African Diaphone (not to be confused with the in the veld feeding on the grass, Hyparrhenia Coming back ten days later, one is confronted other diaphone = foghorn), which includes hirta, spp. and even the tough-as-nails with white strands of leaf margin where once a the cherry spot lily borer, D. eumela from the Bobartia. In my garden, I have found them on healthy emerald glow existed; and piles of black Western Cape and Namaqualand - the blotchy my star flowers, Ipheion uniflorum, and feeding frass (the nice name for worm s**t). Down on pattern of its caterpillar resembling a convict in on the soft-leaved Agave attenuata. In my camouflage; the South Asian Polytela (which has greenhouse, aside from clivia seedlings, although beautiful black caterpillars marked with bands of never seen on adult clivias, they can be found white spots in the middle and bright red spots feeding on the pregnant onion, Ornithogalum at either end); and the lesser-known genera, longibracteatum; they graze cymbidium flowers; Brithysana, Capillamentum, Chlanidophora and and this year they ate the young leaves on my Polytelodes; although these latter genera are not pony palm, Beaucarnea recurvata. All the above considered to be pests. This whole group was foodplants are and aside from Mythimna (Morphopoliana) poliastis capensis - variably considered to be in either best placed the grass, they are all classified in the Order still alive and at rest - a lichen-like moth.Whereas in the subfamily Hadeninae, tribe Glottulini . the East African form is greenish, the Southern or the subfamily Glottulinae of the noctuids; Having found an image of the caterpillar on African form, known as capensis, is brownish. but recent research has abandoned these two the web labelled "possibly Diaphone sp.", I The caterpillar has not been described. The subfamilies, and now the tribe Glottulini is seen thought I may have solved my identification moth has been collected in the western and as a component of subfamily Noctuinae. problem, but on looking up a picture of the eastern Cape, the old Transvaal, Zimbabwe and East Africa. Distantly related is the Asian and Australian very beautiful Cherry Spot moth, I knew that amaryllid pest picta, from the this was wrong. Next, I had to search through Unfortunately, DNA phylogeny of non-descript subfamily Noctuinae, tribe Prodeniini - closely the very many pictures in the 1975 book, Moths noctuid moths is still in its infancy and various allied to cutworms/armyworms. Also a potential of Southern Africa, by that great Southern attempts to base a phylogeny on anatomical prisoner caterpillar, being striped longitudinally Young seedlings of Clivia under attack by a herd African Lepidopterist, Elliot Charles Gordon characteristics yields mixed results, so how in black and white, and having a yellow mid-line of caterpillars. Pinhey (1910 - 2000). Here I identified only one this species may be related to the Brithys-

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Xanthopastis group is unknown. Mythimna is of ". The tranverse striping Umtamvuna 32C selfed produced an exceptional considered to be a member of the subfamily and bright colours of my caterpillar, as well as Yellow and crossed with Group1 yellow all the Noctuinae, tribe Leucaniini. The genus Polia, its taste for amaryllids amongst others, make me seedlings have been green stemmed, establish- as used by Pinhey, seems to have been a wonder whether it is not a member of the tribe ing that Umtamvuna 32C is Group 1 and catch-all for many species that defied other Glottulini, and either I have misdiagnosed the probably meaning that the whole Umtamvuna placement. The preceeding species in Pinhey's species, or its has been inadequate- population is Group 1. list, Polia speyeri (# 891), is now considered to ly investigated. Time will tell. The caterpillars of be Brithysana speyeri of the tribe Glottulini. the tribe Glottulini have two subventral hairs on Most of the noctuines have caterpillars decorated the mesothoracic segment (where ever that is) with either longitudinal striping or occasionally while the other noctuines have but one hair. I diagonal striping, the transverse striping being hope to closely examine a caterpillar of what I limited to members of the tribe Glottulini and currently believe is Mythimna (Morphopoliana) Umtamvuna 29B. poliastis capensis, as well as one of Brithys our subject. To quote from Malcolm J. Scoble's Two of the plants which we brought back were crini, in the coming season, to see whether I 1995 book, The Lepidoptera: Form, Function named ‘Umtamvuna 29B’ and ‘Umtamvuna can further clarify my understanding of this and Diversity: "Glottulini are peculiar and include 32C’, being the RHS Colour Chart numbers annoying pest. & species with brightly coloured larvae that feed on for their flower colour (29 and 36 respectively on the New Colour Chart). ‘Umtamvuna 32C’ HABITAT CLIVIA suckers readily but even mature suckers are slow to flower. UMTAMVUNA GORGE CLIVIA Umtamvuna 32C x self. Mick Dower – Cape Clivia Club [Story behind the Covers] Umtamvuna 29B crossed with Kirstenbosch Supreme (which has both Group 1 and Group mtamvuna Gorge is situated in the south of KwaZuluNatal near 2 Yellow genes, being a cross of Kirstenbosch Port Edward and the Transkei border. In 1998 John Winter, John Yellow x KSB Natal Yellow) has also produced URourke and I explored it under permit to investigate habitat a good yellow flower, probably Group 1 as plants, including Clivia. above. We found that the Umtamvuna Clivia are of the species C. miniata with very distinctive leaves - wide and long, but grey-green in colour and not soft like other C. miniata, but stiff (not as stiff as C. nobilis) and with a Umtamvuna 32C. rounded leaf tip finishing with a beak-like point. We found no yellows I also brought back about four seedlings, all from and, as far as I know, no yellows have ever been reported there. Beaked leaftip. the same location and of the seedlings, only one has flowered – last year! Its flower colour is Umtamvuna Gorge. quite exceptional and it is aptly registered as ‘Pink Lipstick.

Kirstenbosch Supreme x Umtamvuna 29B. Floradale Apricot has been crossed with Umtamvuna 32C with an acceptable result. These outcrosses have flowered within 6 years without any growth stimulation, but none of Umtamvuna 'Pink Lipstick' them has inherited the ‘Umtamvuna leaf’.

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Extensive further outcrosses were made last year, including the two yellow offspring and ‘Pink Lipstick’ and Oribi Gorge Yellow, the only yellow (not Group1 or 2) found in Oribi Gorge. The results of breeding with these new habitat genes should be very exciting. &

Floradale Apricot x Umtamvuna 32C.

GROWERS’ NOTES WICKING Maria Mancini - NACS y mom and I have been AVSA (African It's a "foolproof" way of watering and feeding Violet Society of America) members AVs. This is something I will be doing with some Mfor several years and wick watering of my seedlings this winter. It will save me some was something I learned from them. I use cheap time and worrying if they are being watered and synthetic yarn - one that will not rot/decompose. fed enough. The wicking method will keep them watered and fed continuously as well. The water solution does have fertilizer (1/4 strength of recommended rate). I won't need to

kitchen sink and leached at the same time. Communal wicking is convenient but this can Then they are let to "drip out" the excess water in spread problems (fungus etc) easily if ever. Pikkie their medium. Once the dripping stops they are Strumpher's seedlings at 5 months old now have placed back in the wicking containers.This whole grown their second leaves. set-up can be sat in a tray filled with fert-water. Aren't they so healthy and green? &

BREEDERS’ NOTES BATCH STUDY of C. miniata x C. nobilis CROSSES water them for at least a week using this method. A report and findings on the C. miniata x C. nobilis hybrids When I see that water Welland Cowley – Eastern Cape Clivia Club solution going down, I just fill it up again. So far, SUMMARY so good. The seedlings are loving it. Total number of plants in study: 114 Nature of crosses: C. miniata x C. nobilis species Plastic wicking containers Number of plants found with C. miniata vegetative or floral characteristics: 100 still had some fert-water Number of plants found with distinctive interspecific characteristics: 14 in them after 1 month/4 Percentage of interspecific Groups: 12.3% weeks. It was no longer Typical mother plants (berry parents) which resulted in plants with interspecific characteristics so clean so the need to Yellow Tulip change it. Seedlings were ‘Athrie’s Jade’ – C. miniata with green centre given a shower in the Yellow with green centre - Group 2

10 11 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011

‘Citrina Aurea’ Dwarf Belgian - green centre Pastel C. miniata - thought to be a Group 2 plant Typical mother plants (berry parents) which resulted in plants with C. miniata-like characteristics: Variegated yellow - Nakamura Group 1 C4 Yellow -Nakamura Group 1 Dr. Hirao yellow Vico Yellow Variegated Bronze green centre Japanese yellow Group 1 Best yellow - Group 1 plant with large flowers Variegated orange - Nakamura I did not include C. nobilis x C. miniata in this study as it is already known that the progeny are usually plants with interspecific characteristics, ISHER

From the above it is clear to me that Group 2 plants will make the best berry parents when aiming F at interspecific crosses when C. miniata is the berry parent. In addition it would appear that Yellow OGER

Tulips, resulting from interspecific crosses also make good berry parents. The basic species - ' Citrina R Aurea ' also definitely promotes interspecific dominance. The fact that the largest percentage of the progeny is C. miniata-like tells me that by selfing this first generation of C. miniata-like plants you should get intersperifics appearing in the second generation,

I have already done some of these crosses so time will tell if this will be true. & HOTOGRAPHER P Tubular Yellow x Pearl of the Cape. OBSERVATIONS ON ‘BATCH STUDY of The reciprocal cross AABB (M - C. miniata cytoplasm) {upright} x aabb (N - C. nobilis cytoplasm) {drooping} gives you C. miniata x C. nobilis CROSSES’ AaBb (M) {upright} When you get either M or BB in C. nobilis cytoplasm - you will get upright flowers. When you Johan Spies – Free State Clivia Club get aabb in any cytoplasm - you will get drooping flowers If you get either Aa or Bb in C. nobilis cytoplasm - you will get intermediate flowers. If you get either Aa or Bb in C. miniata cytoplasm he longer I work with clivias the more I discover that normal Mendelian genetics seldom works - you will get upright flowers. for Clivia. The fact that the reciprocal crosses give another phenotype may be attributed to So the plants that gave intermediate flowers in C. miniata cytoplasm was not breeding true for Tgenomic imprinting - that is where the cytoplasm has an effect on the expression of a gene. The upright flowers. cytoplasm is inherited from the mother, whereas the genes are inherited from both parents. It also To get back to the question on the self pollination of the plants with the upright flowers: appears as if the way in which the flowers are carried is governed by more than one gene pair. They are all AaBb (M). Self pollination should give you 1/16 intermediate flowers since the pod- Let us assume the following: parent still contain M cytoplasm. It was also interesting to note that the plants that behaved aabb (N - C. nobilis cytoplasm) {drooping} x AABB (M - C. miniata cytoplasm) {upright} gives you "normally" are mostly yellow/pastel with green throats. Perhaps they originated from interspecific AaBb (N) {intermediate} hybrids and contained a different of cytoplasm or as mentioned above they do not breed true for upright flowers. Thank you very much for this information. It is indeed a very interesting phenomenon. & ENNEDY

K MP7

ICHAEL Piet Theron – Garden Route Clivia Club M livia Breeding presents many challenges gaps in our knowledge. We are hampered in our to those of us who are forever trying our endevours by the inherent time frame that exists best to breed that elusive ‘Special One’. between pollination and eventual flowering

HOTOGRAPHER C P We do the pollination to the best of our ability - one of approximately 5 years. Flowering your Athrie's Jade x Pearl of the Cape sibling. Athrie's Jade x Pearl of the Cape. with the knowledge available as well as the plants from seed could present in the following

12 13 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 manner – Three years from seed if you are fortunate to select well and grow well; At 4 years probably on average, a good flowering could give you much joy and encouragement for further improvement. At 5 years, it is definitely more up to its full potential.

At 6 years a first flower is also RASER F greatly appreciated, hopefully

on a big strong plant at this ORDON

stage. G However, when at 4 years a plant of your own breeding RASER flowers and it really is regarded MP1 HOTOGRAPH F as being very good, a sense of P achievement and reward is felt when he made his father’s plants available. I ORDON that seems to justify the long years of diligence was fortunate enough to be able to make an G and dedication. To me, MP7, for lack of a more early choice from Oom Gert’s plants and settled appropriate name, is such a plant. for the multipetals available, as good MP’s are MP7 MP1 x MP2 = MP 7 HOTOGRAPH

always difficult to acquire. ‘Rose’ as the plant P My Multipetal 1 is a plant that I acquired from subsequently became known, promptly flowered André Wiese, son of the late Oom Gert Wiese, the second year and was entered on the Cape attended. It was too large to be taken to the managed the division and distribution. The plant Town Show and came Cape Show with the transport he had available, has been known to us as having originated from second in the MP cate- being a mother-plant with a few suckers on and Bertie Guillame as this was the name on the gory. Pollination proved he had to display it at home. It was one of those available marker in the pot. Maybe someone like unsuccessful when self- ‘must have’ moments, that resulted in the prom- Celia could help the identification. I know of at ing was attempted. ise of a sucker at a later stage. After his demise, least four other Clivia Enthusiasts who are also The following year the plant was entrusted to Gerrit van Wyk who in possession of an offset. It has flowered yearly cross pollination was on a regular basis and varies in its presentation, done, using MP2 as but always good. In 2009 it was entered at the pollen parent and only EPCC Show where it came first in its class and 5 seeds were eventu- MP1 second. ally harvested. In sub- The crossing of MP1xMP2 resulted in the sequent years Rose bearing of only 5 seeds that were sown in June proved extremely dif- 2006. Three of the seedlings were gifts to other ficult to breed with, collectors, and having only two, their flowering accepting pollen only was always anticipated with much interest on odd occasions. The and great was the excitement when at last a pollen, however, has peduncle appeared and the first one eventually been used on many flowered. It presented a 100% multipetal at first occasions and has flowering with 10 flowers and the beginning of proved very fertile. an acceptable . The colour was a surprise, MP2 is a plant also as the orange red of the seed parent seemed to originating from Oom enhance the slight bronze tones of the pollen Gert at the time of parent. The white and green throat also comes MP2 'Rose' the last Show that he from the pollen parent but is expressed with greater intensity in the offspring. &

14 15 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011

CLIVIA SOCIETY HISTORY wrote a short history was organized by Nick of clivia in the Clivia Primich. THE HERITAGE OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY: Club’s first newsletter The second mention published in July 1992. of a meeting between 1992 TO 1996 Bill Morris, a member Clivia Club members is from Australia, placed recorded in Clivia Club Part 1 of an address delivered to the an advertisement for 3(1) published in January yellow Clivia miniata 1994. Nick Primich re- Fifth Quadrennial Clivia Conference, Bellville, Cape seed and other bulbous ported on a trip insti- plants. On page 10 a Keith Hammett gated and organized by Lena van der Merwe – Northern Clivia Club list of 23 members’ Connie and James Abel Laila van Heerden names appeared - 15 to God’s Window on he heritage of from RSA (and the 29 October 1993. The party consisted of the the Clivia Society editor Nick Primich), Primiches, the Abels and Laila van Heerden. T is that of people five from Australia, dotty about a specific one from Hong Kong, species of plants – Clivia. one from Japan and Before 1992, they con- two from the USA - as ducted this hobby or the first group forming occupation of theirs as the “Friends of clivia”. Ken Smith individuals. One of these By September 1992 individuals was Nick enough letters/articles Primich. To further his Nick Primich were received for a second “Clivia Club” letter and the third letter is dated 3 November 1992. The list published in the newsletter Clivia Club 2(1) of January 1993 includes the name of Connie Abel of 89 Brampton Road, Pretoria. The first visit to gardens of clivia growers was reported in Clivia Club 2(5) of October 1993. Nick Primich, Mr. & Mrs. Mey and Celia van Vuuren journeyed to Pretoria to Mrs. Alison where the Abels joined them. They then visited Laila van Heerden’s garden that was planted First advert in Veld & Flora. with one or two thousand clivia plants that originated naturally from two plants. From there they visited the Abels where a wide range of clivia was viewed. This was the first recorded Lien Joubert First newsletter. “gathering” of clivia enthusiasts in the RSA and

One letter received in response to this advertisement was 2nd advert in Veld & Flora June 1992. dated April 1992. It was from Laila knowledge (and expand his collection) he placed van Heerden, still an advert in Veld and Flora March 1992 edition a member of the March 1992 followed by a second advert in the Northern Clivia June 1992 edition to make contact with other Club. Jim Holmes, growers of Clivia interested in furthering this a member of the genus. They were named “friends of clivia”. Cape Clivia Club Jim Holmes Kevin Walters Sir Peter Smithers

16 17 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011

seconded this and 3) Brag Bench. Se- as there were no lected plants could further nominations, be brought along James took the chair and put on show. unopposed. All pre- Plants could also sent thought this be made avail- was very fair, as it able for sale. The was James' idea to Club would take a have the Clivia Day, percentage of the and he soon showed sales. Plants could that he had definite also be donated ideas about it. Michael Stevenson and sold. Convener Toy Jennings Connie Abel. Bing Wiese 4) Photographic ex- Connie Abel, James Abel, Wendy Allison, Pat hibition. Selected Gore, Yvonne Gore, Meg Hart, Adri Haxton, Toy photos would be Jennings, Lien Joubert, Sumia Lombard, Wessels called for from Lötter, Joe Pretorius, V Pretorius, Nick Primich, the international Roselyn Primich, Michael scene, and each Stevenson, Reneè Ste- picture would be venson, Laila van Heer- displayed with a den, and Miekie Vuyk. descriptive para- Apologies were received graph. This sec- from Dan Mey, Lukas tion leaves a lot Wessel Lotter Otto, Grobbie Grob- of scope for both Yoshi Nakamura and 1st Akebono Hik Yellow. ler, Cameron McOnie, local and distant members. Convener - Nick Arnold Prozeski, Bing Primich. The newsletter Clivia Club 3(2) of February 1994 Wiese, and Petro Lem- Cameron McOnie 5) Tours. Tours could be arranged to suit the was called “EDITION EXTRAORDINAIRE”. The mer. response. Either local tours to the Eastern first paragraph reads: “January, 22nd, 1994, was Transvaal, or extended into Natal and the an auspicious date in the annals of Clivia. What Eastern Cape Province as demand required. is probably the first and only Clivia association Convener - Renee Stevenson. was formed on that day. On that historic date, at the home of Mr. & Mrs. Abel, the following Pat Gore people were present: He proposed that the Clivia Day consist of various sections. 1) Garden visits. Suitable gardens would be sought out and visits arranged, tentatively Adri Haxton Meg Hart for the afternoon. According to demand, several groups could be accommodated These people had gathered at the home of the under different guides. Convener - Toy Abel's for a meeting summoned by phone and Jennings. post of Transvaal members only. It was thought 2) Seminar. A series of lectures would be that the logistics of others attending was hardly arranged for the afternoon. Tentatively, a worthwhile, that is why only Transvaal members two-hour program, with four to six speakers were asked. The main purpose of this meeting was envisaged. Papers could be read from was to organise a Clivia day in September of overseas members unable to attend, some this year. professionals, botanists and horticulturists, Nick Primich called for the election of a and a few from the amateur ranks. Convener James and Connie Abel. Chairman, and proposed James Abel. Pat Gore - Nick Primich. Venue of first meeting.

18 19 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011

Connie Abel and Di McOnie (left are the original peaches).

Members in other areas are encouraged to plan It was mooted that this special newsletter James and Connie Abel and Cameron McOnie in the Lowveld First Tipperary Peaches blooming similar activities. Depending on the interest be got out and that it would contain a Botanical Gardens, Nelspruit. ca 1994. from other provinces and in particular from questionnaire, which we beg each and every other countries, some of the above can be one of you to complete and return just as soon members from all over the world would have a – will take place on 17 September 1994 at combined. Even if it is out of season for some as you are able to. The Clivia Day would be say, and not feel that they were dictated to by 10:00. Three overseas visitors – Keith Hammett, species, visitors will be able to see the species moulded to meet the lines of the requirements. a Transvaal minority.” Penn Henry and Yoshi Nakamura – attended the growing in their native habitat on a single We would also hold a meeting and elect a more The birth date of the Clivia Society and the now AGM, conference, show and tours arranged to trip. formal and permanent committee, where our Northern Clivia Club is thus 22 January 1994. coincide with the flowering period of clivias in Clivia Club 3(3) March 1994 now lists only new the spring of 1994. members – Mick Dower, Ammie Grobler and September 1994 Clivia Club 3(7) listed Koos Fred van Niekerk – who have joined. Geldenhuys as a new member. The announcement of the first Clivia Show Clivia Club 3(8) of October 1994 started with: planned for 17 and 18 September 1994 “Our first Show has come and gone. The four appeared in Clivia Club 3(5), page 11 of May members of the show committee were elected 1994 [13 First show 1994]. Nick Primich, unopposed to the first official committee”. The Wessel Lötter and M Stevenson will act as other members of the first show committee judges. The inaugural AGM – the main function were co-opted.

First Official Committee Elected for 1994/95 Committee members elected for 1995/96 Chairman James Abel Chairman James Abel Chairman (KwaZulu Natal) Sean Chubb Treasurer Michael Stevenson Treasurer Koos Geldenhuys Secretary Reneè Stevenson Secretary (membership) Adri Haxton (Deschamps) Secretary (communications) Toy Jennings Editor Nick Primich Editor Meg Hart Co-opted members Connie Abel Show organizer Frikkie Potgieter Adri Haxton Toy Jennings Wessel Lötter Garden visit to Anna Meyer.

20 21 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011

Frikkie Potgieter Val Thurston

1994 caulescens tour in Pelgrimsrest.

Mick Dower Example of phot exhibition panel.

Clivia Club 3(8) of October 1994 listed Sean the show committee. Nick Primich accepted Chubb’s name as a new member together with the nomination as Honorary Member of the Frikkie Potgieter, Val Thurston and Norman club and as Emeritus Editor of the Newsletter. Norman Weitz Ian Brown Weitz. In Clivia Club 4(1) of January 1995 Nick Ian Brown was now listed as a member. The wrote that he would like to resign as editor next AGM will coincide with the show on 9 by September and that a new editor has to September 1995 in Pretoria. be found. Nick was editor of the Clivia Club The Newsletter Clivia Club 4(5) of November newsletter from Clivia Club 1(1) (July 1992) till 1995 was the first published with Meg Hart Clivia Club 4(3) of August 1995 – that is for as Editor. James Abel stated in his chairman’s From left to right: John Winter, Mick Dower and three years. report in this letter that “We are delighted that Jim Holmes 1994 show. James Abel as chairman wrote in Clivia Club during the C. miniata tour a local branch was AGM took place in Pretoria 4(2) of April 1995 that the new address of the formed in Natal and from now on the original on 9 September 1995 and Clivia Club was PO Box 74868, Lynwood Park, one will become the Gauteng branch. On page James wrote (page 4) the 0040, South Africa. Over the years Lynwood 4 of this newsletter Des Anderson reported on committee members were Park has changed its name to Lynnwood Ridge, the new branch formed on 26 August 1995 in elected unani mously for while the post-box stayed the same. Natal with Sean Chubb (chairman), Brain Tarr 1995/96. Nick Primich and Reneè and Michael Steven- and Des Anderson as the first committee of the son have resigned [Clivia Club 4(2)] from Clivia Club in KwaZulu Natal. Brian Tarr the committee. Toy Jennings will stand in as There was also a letter from John Winter, CLIVIA CLUB secretary; Koos Geldenhuys was co-opted as curator of the National Botanical Institute, MANAGEMENT treasurer, Adri Haxton as librarian and archivist, Cape Town in which he requested James Abel COMMITTEE MEMBERS 1996 to 1998 while Meg Hart will understudy Nick Primich to appeal to his members to donate their Position 1996/97 to become editor. Frikkie Potgieter will chair surplus clivia seed to Kirstenbosch. The second Chairman James Abel Chairman (KwaZulu-Natal) Sean Chubb Chairman (Western Cape) - Treasurer Koos Geldenhuys Secretary (membership) Adri Haxton Public Relations Elda de Witt Show organiser Frikkie Potgieter Show table 1996. Technical Advisor Louisa Liebenberg Editor Meg Hart On 7 September 1996 the third AGM was held Co-opted member (show) - coinciding with the show. Clivia Club 5(4) listed Amie Grobler (2003) Fred van Niekerk Koos Geldenhuys Sean Chubb Co-opted member (show) - the managing committee for 1996/97.

22 23 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 The Clivia Society FOUNDER MEMBER SUBSCRIBERS AS AT 19 Michael Stevenson (RSA) FEBUARY 1995 20 Celia van Vuuren (RSA) www.cliviasociety.org 21 Dr Piet Vorster (RSA) No Founder Member subscribers 1995 22 Andrew Hankey (RSA) MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE: 2010 1 Ron May (Australia) 23 Cliff Grove (Aus) 2 Bill Morris (Australia) 24 John Henderson (Aus) Chairman: Johan Spies: Mobile: +27 83 652 6130, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Ken Smith (Australia) 25 Borje Svenson (Sweden) Secretary: Lena van der Merwe: PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040 4 Kevin Walters (Australia) 26 Tony Gosden (UK) Tel & Fax: +27 12 804 8892, e-mail: [email protected] 5 Yoshikazu Nakamura (Japan) 27 Renee Deschamps, (RSA) Vice-Chairman: Christo Topham: Mobile: +27 82497 5879 e-mail: [email protected] 6 Dr Keith Hammett (New Zealand) Treasurer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] To be continued. 7 Jim Holmes (RSA) Member: Francois van Rooyen: Mobile: +27 76 487 0300 e-mail: [email protected] 8 Nick Primich (founder, RSA) References 9 Laila van Heerden (RSA) Newsletters of the Clivia Society from volume 1 INTERNATIONAL CONTACT PERSONS 10 Sir Peter Smithers (Switzerland) to volume 4. Australia: Ken Smith: 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee. NSW 2777. 11 David Casebier (USA) E-mails of the Executive committee. Tel: +61 24 754 3287, e-mail: [email protected] 12 Dr C Barker (RSA) Conference proceedings of 1994. New Zealand: Tony Barnes (Representative): e-mail: [email protected] 13 Howard Cook (RSA) Alick McLeman: (Correspondence) e-mail: [email protected] 14 Denise & Russell Currie (RSA) Photographs United Kingdom: Jaco Nel: 46 Atney Road, Putney, London UK. SW152PS 15 Fred Gibello (RSA) A hearty thank you goes to members making Tel: +44 (0) 208 789 2229, e-mail: [email protected] 16 Claerwen Howie (RSA) photos available. (James & Connie Abel; Pat Europe: Aart van Voorst: Tel: +031 25 252 9679, Frederik Hendriklaan 49, 17 Lien Joubert (RSA) Gore, James and Adri Haxton, Peter Lambert HillegomTE 2181, Netherlands. e-mail: [email protected] 18 Mary Lynne Lubke (RSA) and others). & USA & Canada: Tom Wells (Representative): e-mail: [email protected] William McClelland (Correspondence): Bolin Ave., Camarillo, CLIVI-ARTA - HELEN SANDERS Ca93010-4708, USA, Tel: 1 805 484 1484 1048, e-mail: [email protected] Gloria Weir (Treasurer): e-mail: [email protected] PORTFOLIOS Newsletter & Yearbook Roger Fisher: Mobile: +27 83 602 7736 Lead Editor: e-mail: [email protected] Yearbook Editor: Roger Dixon: Mobile: +27 824575174 e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Public Relations Offi cer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415 e-mail: [email protected] Standards and Judging: Koos Geldenhuys: Mobile: +27 83 442 4487 e-mail: [email protected] Registrar for named Ken Smith: Tel: +61 24 754 3287 Clivia cultivars: e-mail: [email protected] Research: Prof. Johan Spies: e-mail: [email protected] Mobile: +27 83 652 6130, P O Box 17195, Bainsvlei, 9338 RSA CLIVIA CLUBS Cape, Eastern Province, Free State, Garden Route, Joburg, KwaZulu-Natal, Lowveld, New Zealand, Northern and Northern Free State INTEREST GROUPS Northern KwaZulu-Natal, Overberg and Waterberg 24

ISSN 1819-1460

& QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY&

VVOLUMEO L U M E 2200 NNUMBERU M B E R 2 & AAPRILP R I L - JJUNEU N E 220110 1 1 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 Table of Contents & CLIVIA NEWS Inner Front Cover & EDITORIAL Roger Fisher 2 The Clivia Society www.cliviasociety.org & CLIVIA PERSONALITIES Claude Felbert - Citation for Honorary Membership of the Clivia Society 3 The Clivia Society caters for Clivia enthusiasts throughout the world. It is the umbrella body for a & CLIVIA CULTIVAR REGISTER 3 Clivia cultivar names checklist and register now online 4 number of constituent Clivia Clubs and interest Groups which meet regularly in South Africa and Stop Press - Online Registration Form 5 elsewhere around the world. In addition, the Society has individual members in many countries, & COMMUNICATIONS Jeanne Marten's Clivia Display - Towoomba 5 some of which also have their own Clivia Clubs. An annual Yearbook and quarterly News letters Highway Clivia Interest Group 5 are published by the Society. For information on becoming a member and / or for details of Chromosome Morphology 6 Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups contact the Clivia Society secretary or where appropriate, the Welland Cowley article response 7 Mick Dower article response 8 International Contacts, at the addresses listed in the inside back cover. Wils white clivias? 8 & READER'S VIEWS When is 'Clivia' not a Clivia? Anne of Cleves - Greig Russell 9 The objectives of the Clivia Society & HABITAT CLIVIA My first habitat visit - Randal Payne 10 1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION 15 associate members; CLIVIA CLUB SHOWS & MARKETS FOR 2011 16 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its & GROWERS' NOTES Sphagnum moss survival strategy - Kelly & Cheryl Fry 19 natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally & STORIES BEHIND THE COVERS 19 occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of & BREEDERS' NOTES Plant introductions - Robert J Armstrong 21 conservation; How many groups of Albino Yellow Clivias are there? - Bill Morris 22 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by: The quest for double-flowered yellow Clivia miniata at Longwood Gardens - 3.1 The exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Jim Harbage, Alan Petravich, Robert Armstrong & Matt Taylor 25 & CLIVIA SOCIETY HISTORY Clivia Clubs and associate members; The heritage of the Clivia Society: 1996 to 2000 3.2 Where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst Part 2 of an address delivered to the Fifth Quadrennial Clivia Conference, Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and Bellville, Cape - Lena van der Merwe 27 & CLIVI-ARTA - Helen Sanders 31 3.3 The mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst & THE CLIVIA SOCIETY Inner Back Cover Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; ADVERTISEMENTS 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance WILL ANYONE WISHING TO ADVERTISE OR WHO KNOWS OF POTENTIAL SPONSORS OR ADVERTISERS PLEASE it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination COMMUNICATE WITH SAKKIE NEL IN THIS REGARD - SEE INNER COVER FOR CONTACT DETAILS. thereof amongst constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; The Clivia Society Newsletter started as a black on white news-sheet dated July 1992, numbered and Volume 1 number 1, called 'Clivia Club'. It formed a means of communication for people interested in the plant genus Clivia. It was edited/written by Nick Primich with a frequency of 3, 5, 8 & 5 during the 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the above- first 4 years, using the publication month in the volume. mentioned objectives. The frequency was fixed on four annually with Vol. 5 No 1 of March 1996. The date changed to the southern hemisphere seasons with Vol. 8 No 1 of Autumn 1999. The first three used yellow paper as cover. The name changed to 'CLIVIA CLUB NEWSLETTER' with Vol. 9 No 1 More information on the Clivia Society available on Autumn 2000 with full colour photos on the cover pages. Another name change to 'CLIVIA SOCIETY NEWSLETTER' came with Vol. 10 No 4 Summer 2000, and in 2005 reverted to a quarterly number. www.cliviasociety.org CLIVIA NEWS is the continuation of this series.

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Clivia Society or the editor. 1 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011

EDITORIAL CLIVIA PERSONALITIES

It has become practice to place the Editor’s Show pictures, particularly top plants and Honorary Member of the Clivia Society (2011) report to the Clivia Society Annual General their growers/ showers Meeting – so here it is – Named Clivia cultivars or clones and their [Claude Felbert is one of the founding members of the Cape Clivia Club in 1996. He has Clivia News – Editor’s Report to the Annual characteristics served the Clivia Society as Editor and Photo-Editor of the Clivia Society Yearbook, CLIVIA, General Meeting of the Clivia Society 2011 Descriptive terms and botanical terminology and instituted and served as Convener of the Clivia Society Photographic Competition. He Experiences in breeding and growing This report covers Volume 19 Number 2 through was awarded lifelong honorary membership of the Clivia Society at the 2011 CS AGM.] Prediction of trends or directions for breeding to Volume 20 Number 1 Pests and diseases. he Issue Volume 19 Number 2 devoted to Technical developments in the marketplace CLAUDE FELBERT – CITATION FOR HONORARY discussions of the phenomenon of Peaches Short reports on research outputs MEMBERSHIP OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY (2011) T and various groupings and cultivars was Heritage and heirloom plants well received. The issue for the Clivia Conference, Photo-essays any topics of interest to the Volume 19 Number 3, with all the potential Clivia circle. he Cape Clivia Club grew from a small proper preparation of pitfalls, went off smoothly and contained the Anything related to collectable or memorabilia interest group of people who assembled at all the photographs Auction Brochure as a bonus. The Christmas in the world of Clivia. T Kirstenbosch on one Saturday morning in and involvement in Issue, Volume 19 Number 3 was an unexpected- October 1996 in response to an invitation placed the printing process I wish to thank all those that made contributions ly plump number. The first of this Year, takes on by John Winter in Veld and Flora to learn about itself. Claude always to the issues of 2010-11, and in particular a slightly altered appearance, having dropped pollinating Clivia. Claude was one of this group, attended the printing Greig Russell for editorial support and regular much of the individual information relating to and when John offered a then rare young yellow works to ensure that contributions. the constituent Clivia Clubs and interest Groups, Clivia plant to all who had attended the meet- colours were correctly aspects that presented problems reported upon Thanks as always to the Layout Artist, Fréda van ing, Claude immediately offered to collect and reproduced. He more to the previous AGM of being up to date and Wyk, who helps maintain an artically presented deliver them to everyone personally. From that often than not did having the correct details and names of contact quality publication. Thanks, as always, to small beginning, not only The Cape Clivia Club this until two o’clock persons of the various Clubs. This information is Annetjie and her team at CPD printers for but to an even greater extent, The Clivia Society in the morning, as Claude Felbert in receipt of now addressed by omitting these from the Clivia regularly getting Clivia News to press. has benefitted from his enthusiastic, generous, the work was usually his certificate of honourary News as of Volume 20 Number 1 and rather Helen Sanders of New Zealand is regular with un selfish and helpful spirit. done on the night lifelong membership of the Clivia Society at a meeting having this information web-based and on the her delightful contributions of ‘Clivi-Arta’ It is shift. Claude has always taken an active role in all of the Cape Clivia Club. Clivia Society’s webpage. There still exists a need once more recommended that, as in the past, activities of The Cape Clivia Club and The Clivia He played a pivotal for all Clubs to find sponsors and advertisers she receive copies of the publications of the Society He has been on the Committee of The role in the improvement of The Clivia Society’s for the Newsletter. The 2011 Year Numbers will Clivia Society. It is also suggested that the Cliva Cape Clivia Club from its inception and has been Newsletters by prevailing upon the printers continue Lena van der Merwe’s narrative of the Society consider a special 52 week planner one of its Representatives on The Clivia Society of the Yearbook to print covers with selected Heritage of the Clivia Society, commenced in for Clivia Breeders and Growers which are since 2002. photographs of clivia in colour for the Newsletters Volume 20 Number 1 as a build up to the 20th illustrated with the 52 Clivi-Arta cartoons Helen The Cape Clivia Club hosted the Second Clivia at no additional cost, and provided descriptions Anniversary of the Clivia Society. Sanders has prepared to-date as a memento for International Conference of The Clivia Society in of and comment on those photographs. the 20th Anniversary of the Clivia Society. Members are reminded that topics that members 1998. Claude was on the organizing Committee Beginning with Yearbook 6 he also took over can address in communications or articles are: As always a big “Thank you” to Lena and that helped to make this a memorable event. At responsibility for the graphic design of the especially to Sakkie who as members of the Clivia in habitat the Conference he initiated and conducted an Yearbooks up to Yearbook 10. He charged a Executive take care the affairs and well-being of Personalities, the plants that they grow and Auction of rare Clivia plants which was a great nominal fee for that service which bore no the Newsletter. & their breeding achievements success. commercial comparison with the very many Reports from Clubs particularly as regards Roger Fisher Claude was an editor of the first Yearbook of hours he devoted to it, especially the hours reports on talks or outreach Editor – Clivia News The Clivia Society which was published in 1998. spent in preparing photographs for publication. His knowledge and experience of photography, There is no doubt that the improvement over EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER ROGER FISHER: PO Box 1039, White River, 1240, Republic of South Africa the years in the ‘quality’ appearance of the &Tel: +27 83 602 7736&Fax: 086 515 0710 (RSA only) &E-mail: [email protected] computers, graphic design and printing were PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER SAKKIE NEL: PO Box 35235, Menlo Park, 0120 vital to the publication of that Yearbook and of Society’s Yearbooks was entirely due to Claude’s &Tel: +27 12 361-6415&E-mail: [email protected] all the subsequent Yearbooks up to Yearbook untiring and highly professional efforts. He set a YEARBOOK EDITORIAL ROGER FISHER: PO Box 1039, White River, 1240, Republic of South Africa 10. This involved very many hours of very careful standard that will be difficult to maintain. &Tel: +27 83 602 7736&Fax: 086 515 0710 (RSA only) &E-mail: [email protected] monitoring of not only the preparation of the He has given generously and freely of his time &DESIGN & LAYOUT FRÉDA VAN WYK: +27 82 468 8485 &PRINTING CPD Graphics (Pty) Ltd., Pretoria Tel: +27 12-342 1978/9 articles published, but also in the selection and and expertise to everything else he has done for

2 3 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 the benefit of Clivia in general and the Society for organizing a photography workshop for It is hoped that this online resource will evolving as new information comes to hand. It in particular. This included the very many hours those who attended the 2010 International encourage people to submit extra detail about must be noted that for a Clivia Cultivar name spent on designing and making up the Cape Clivia Conference. any of the listed Clivia, as well as formally to be formally “Registered”, it must appear in a Clivia Club’s First Colour Chart, and many Claude has set an example for all by his unselfish, registering their named plants. Where there dated, printed publication. times that effort in designing and preparing generous and tireless contribution of his talents are images, they have been uploaded, and Initially this website opens with the contents its Second Colour Chart for printing and the and knowledge to the interest of Clivia over that we ask for any other growers to submit of Volume 1 of ‘A Checklist & Register of Clivia monitoring of the printing itself, again deep period of 14 years and has always done so with their images of named forms so they can be Cultivar Names’ published in 2009 and distri- into the night. commitment and enthusiasm. included. This resource is a compilation of buted by the Clivia Society to members. A lot details about named Clivia from many sources. He has also initiated the photography compe- In recognition of these services the Clivia of information had to be transcribed. If you You can search the listings based on a number tition for the Yearbook, which further improved Society awards CLAUDE FELBERT Honorary Life see errors and want the data or photos of the of traits. its content and, with Ian Coates, was responsible Membership of The Clivia Society. & plant that you submitted to the Registrar to be Where the Clivia has been formally registered changed please contact the Registrar. All other with the Clivia Society it will be noted in enquiries about name registration are also ERRATA the description. This resource is continually encouraged. & In the last issue Piet Theron’s story about his cross MP7 mis-identified the plants and missed the crucial photograph. Here they are: Stop Press – Online Registration Form Marilyn Paskert, NACS, USA

he Clivia Register and Checklist has had sources. Why is this a good idea? An interesting many photos added since it first went case is Andrew Gibson. There are 3 photos Tonline. Thank you so much to everyone there. 2 taken by me of the same plant in who has sent photos in. If you have photos different years... and what a color difference! that you have taken of any of the plants on the It is interesting to see the color differences in MP1 ‘Rose’ is a plant of the late Gert Wiese. list and are willing to have them added, please these Clivia chameleons and the range of what send them to Ken Smith at [email protected]. to expect. There will soon be a new registration au. We can only accept photos from the photo- form than can be submitted online to register grapher, not anonymous photos or ones taken Clivias. Please be patient. Every new task has off the internet. a learning curve and this one is steeper than The rose register also has photos from multiple anticipated. & MP7 = MP1 x MP2. A Cinnamon multipetal progeny. RASER

F COMMUNICATIONS

MP2 is also a plant of the late ORDON If you are in Toowoomba, come and view the G Gert Wiese origi nating from Jeanne Marten's Clivia wide variety of clivia blooms in creams, peaches, HOTO Bertie Guillame. P Display – Toowoomba apricots and oranges, together with variegates and akebonos. & Di Matthews – Melbourne Clivia Club CLIVIA CULTIVAR REGISTER An exhibition of flowering clivias will be on display at the Wilsonton Shopping centre, Bridge Highway Clivia Clivia Cultivar Names Checklist and Street, Toowoomba. Interest Group This display will be on from Friday 17th Septem- Register now online ber to Saturday 25th September. Mike Callaghan – Chairperson, Highway Ken Smith, Registrar, Australia http://www.northamericancliviasociety.org/cultivar-home.php There will be sales of clivia plants and a raffle, Interest Group, KZN Clivia Club with the proceeds going to the Highfields he site, the official online resource for Clivia Society on behalf of The Clivia Society and Local Ambulance Committee, a volunteer organi- A meeting was held at Mike Callaghan’s home the Checklist & Register of Clivia Cultivar is maintained by the International Registrar, sation. on Saturday 14th May 2011. Francois van TNames, is hosted by The North American Kenneth R. Smith. 4 5 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011

Rooyen kindly came to give a talk and slide show really very similar to the incorrect reporting of on the Heritage of Gardenii. pollinating Clivia miniata ‘Natal Yellow’ with its Francois focused his talk on four main groups: own pollen where the offspring produced was • The Ngome group. always orange. Finally it was realised that ‘Natal • The Midlands group – being extremely vast Yellow’ was self sterile and thus could not be and varied. selfed but would produce seed from extraneous • Robusta occurring from Port Shepstone south- pollen (usually orange). wards. The results from Cowley’s article suggests • Maxima from Port St. John’s area. something similar where, instead of being self We were encouraged to observe and feel our sterile, some C. miniata clones accepted the clivia plants to improve our understanding of the Clivia nobilis pollen while others did not – but different species. the latter freely selfed or accepted extraneous pollen (derived from numerous other Clivia The “fan” shape of the Ngome clone is out- miniatas in the vicinity). This explanation is standing and the colours range from blood red and oranges, growing in amongst the Umdoni based on the suggestion that plants and flowers to yellow. Flower count is normally in the 50+ trees. A couple of different species of epiphytic which have “Clivia miniata floral and vegetative range and Ngome plants form an onion shape orchids as well as ground orchids growing in characteristics” are simply Clivia miniatas (Cowley at their base. For breeding purposes, Francois the damp conditions were also pointed out. The hybrid between C. nobilis and C. miniata. That made no comment about how they differed suggests not using Gardenii with less than 25 group observed, in wonder, the giant specimens plant is now mature and has flowered for several from Clivia miniata). flowers on an umbel. The photos shown were with huge round stems and tall long pale green seasons. outstanding. leaves, some well over the height of some of In the two groups of mother plants various were The image clearly illustrates the plant’s hybridity labelled Group 2. In the first group, two of the In closing, the following points were raised our taller enthusiasts. It was also extremely and again demonstrates that chromosome six were oranges while in the second group, one about Gardenii: encouraging to see the amazing amount of morphology is a powerful means of identifying young seedling plants that were scattered in orange out of eight plants was so labelled. Now, • have vast colour range Clivia species and primary hybrids between and around the parent plants, a good sign of only yellow plants can be labelled (by breeding • disease resistant them. The other seedlings in that accession were the re-generation of the species in this particular results) and separated into Group 1 or Group 2 • often have double spikes all C. nobilis. & colony. Many mature plants also bore a good (or further) and oranges bred from a Group 1 or • different flowering season to Miniata number of last seasons’ maturing seeds. Group 2 (yellow) parent could be described as • offset readily Let’s keep it that way guys – don’t destroy our “carrying Group 1 or Group 2 genes” but not On Sunday 15th May 2011 Andy Forbes- Welland Cowley article heritage! labelled Group 1 or Group 2. Hardinge met a group of us at Port Edward and From the results published I cannot see any took us on a walk to see Robusta in their habitat. We even had the company of a very eager, response energetic and enthusiastic member, Simon reason why Cowley can say “it is clear to me that It was incredible to see the size of these plants Bill Morris, Australia Group 2 plants will make the best berry plants growing in such a wet and muddy area. Chubb age 8 – the future generation of a clivia fanatic in our midst! A wonder experience was he article written by Welland Cowley in the when aiming at interspecific crosses when Clivia enjoyed by all who came. Clivia News January – March 2011 issue miniata is the berry parent”. [See also in this issue ‘My first habitat visit’ by Ton the confusing results of crossing Clivia My conclusion from his results would simply be miniata cultivars with pollen of Clivia nobilis is, “when putting Clivia nobilis pollen on to Clivia Randal Payne – Ed] & in my opinion, much easier explained than the miniata plants, some will accept it and others explanation offered by the author. will not. The results will be that the hybrid Chromosome I suggest that when crossing two species it is not offspring will look somewhat intermediate in uncommon for the cross to be successful in only character and are interspecific hybrids – while Morphology one direction. If the plants are not closely related those which look C. miniata-like will be Clivia (for example, in different genera) often the cross miniata”. Keith Hammett, New Zealand is incompatible in both directions. Fortunately, Cowley states that he has “selfed” the C. miniata-like F1 (?) plants and, if they are hen Dr Yidong Ran was undertaking In the case of Cowley’s crosses it appears that actually selfed, I suggest that no interspecifics his PhD study into the cytogenetics certain Clivia miniata clones have accepted the will appear in the F2 generation – only Clivia of the genus Clivia, amongst a pollen and produced interspecific hybrids, while W miniatas. We stumbled and clambered around the forest batch of C. nobilis seedlings derived from an in other cases the pollen has not fertilised the swamp floor, sinking deeply into the muddy accession kindly given to me at Kirstenbosch, he flowers and selfing or extraneous (perhaps wind So, as Cowley states, “time will tell”. river-course and came across a variety of identified one individual where the chromosome blown) pollen has pollinated the plant. This is (19 May 2011) & colours, pink, cream, dark orange/red, pastels morphology indicated that that plant was a

6 7 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011

feature highly (I now prefer this all in electronic in that region, include many pinkish forms (see Nicholson and even the other Nicholson, who Mick Dower article form – you should see my hard-drives groaning M. Dower, Clivia News 20 (1): 8-10, 2011), but, does not, so far, seem to be closely related to response under the weight of pure knowledge). Now so far, I have not heard of a 'nearly white' form. the first; to [email protected] or these and then I take a trip through a pile of my old So I invite your comment on these clivias, this pages. & Bill Morris, Australia literature; and this week it was the turn of copies of Veld & Flora dating to the eighties. In the In the issue of the Clivia News January – March March 1985 issue, labelled "Special Natal Issue", READER'S VIEWS 2011, there is an article on the Umtamvuna I encountered a cluster of articles authored by Gorge clivias by Mick Dower, in which he states A.T. Abbott and H.B. Nicholson. Nicholson is When is 'Clivia' not a Clivia? 6 - Anne of Cleves that the breeding of two yellow clivias from a name that interests me in a clivia context, Greig Russell – Cape Clivia Club orange flowered Umtamvuna-collected plants as Bertram Nicholson (1875-1844), a high- (32C and 29B as described in the article) and ranking British Colonial official in Swaziland, ost of those of us who have heard The concept of 'wife' as used here is a bit of tested by breeding to known Group 1 yellows imported a selection of clivia species for his of the English King, Henry VIII (1491 a stretch; although married for six months (a “probably meaning that the whole Umtamvuna garden in Mbabane, which later escaped into – 1547), can vaguely remember that marriage entered into purely for political reasons), population is Group 1” is the same error as M the veld and are now included in the Swaziland one of his six wives bore the name 'Anne of Anne and filthy Henry didn't like each other at all, made in the Cowley article. national plant list and described as 'indigenous' Cleves'; although I am not certain that those never got down and dirty, and the marriage All that can be said is that these two clones (32C – including C. nobilis! guys passing joints around in the back rows at a was finally annulled. That's enough about this and 29B) carry Group 1 yellow genes. The first article of the cluster is penned performance of Rick Wakeman's The Six Wives of Germanic noblewoman, properly named Anna As was said earlier in this article “we found no by Hugh Barry Nicholson (1906-1998), an Henry VIII have any memories of this fact at all. von Jülich-Cleve-Berg (1515 - 1557). yellows and, as far as I know, no yellows have amateur botanist of great industry, who after ever been reported there”. This suggests that his retirement to St. Michael’s-on-sea on yellow genes (Group 1) are rare in the orange the KwaZulu-Natal south coast, created an population and it was by chance selection of arboretum on his property and explored the paler colours etc that two yellow bearing clones vegetation of the surrounding area. He was were collected. Another possibility is that yellow essential a 'tree-man'; so most of his article, natural seedlings in this population are weaker entitled "Some indigenous plants of southern growers and do not survive (outgrown by Natal", deals with trees. Much of his study and oranges) under natural conditions. specimen collecting was accomplished in the However, the conclusion “that the whole Umtamvuna Nature Reserve on the KZN side of Umtamvuna population is Group 1” is incorrect. the old Natal-Transkei border. However he also The only comment that can be made is that, of ranged as far north as the Oribi Gorge. the orange flowering plants of this population, Towards the end of the article, he covers some may carry Group 1 yellow genes. Many, if the smaller plants and says the following: not most, may only carry orange genes. "Another area where a floral spectacle worthy ‘Umtamvuna Pink Lipstick’ which flowered of note can be seen is in a small kloof on the among four seedlings (three unflowered) is the escarpment facing Port Edward, just outside kind of pale flower that I think could be carrying the reserve boundary." And further on: "Two yellow genes. Yet again, the fact is that only species of Clivia always draw attention when yellows can be classed as Group 1 or Group 2 flowering and both occur in large groups under (or 3 or 4, or more) not oranges. Proven oranges broken shade. Clivia miniata is the largest and can be stated to carry Group 1 or Group 2 etc most showy with its pink to almost white yellow genes – and then, only those clones, not flower heads up to 22 cm in diameter. Clivia populations of untested orange plants (as in gardenii has orange and green flowers hanging Cowley’s article). (19 May 2011). & in clusters." 'Almost white flower heads'? Yikes! I cannot Wild white clivias? believe that he misidentified some other species, such as a , as a clivia. I imagine Greig Russell – Cape Clivia Club that his locality is in the gorge of the Zolwani River, a kilometre or so up the coast from My Neanderthal genes dictate that I collect the Umtumvuna River. Clones of clivias with A map of Clivia Ducatus et Ravenstein dominium drawn and coloured by the cartographer Guiljelmus things, amongst which sundy literature used to 'Umtamvuna' in their name, and thus collected (Willem) Blaeu, in the mid-17th century. 8 9 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011

I bet few people ever even wondered where question as to whether the word 'Cleve' was this Cleves place might be. I certainly didn't. derived from cliff, or from the three clover leaves But it is what interests us most here. Cleves which are part of the heraldic symbols of the city (Kleve - Ger., Cleve - Old Ger., Kleef - Dutch, (clover = klee - Ger.). In any case, the Latin name Clèves - Fr. Cléveris - Sp.) is a town in North for this town/city was 'Clivia'. This Latin name was Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, virtually on the apparently in use when the Roman Armies were Dutch border, on the flatlands of the Rhine stomping around Europe, smacking everyone Valley. It is probably named for the promontory, into submission; and was widely used in the Latin partly surrounded by cliffs, upon which the literature of the Middle Ages and onward, often Schwanenburg, the family seat of the Dukes as Clivia Ducatus (the Duchy of Cleves), when of Cleves, was built. There is, however, some referring to this interesting place. © 2010. &

HABITAT CLIVIA My first habitat visit Randal Payne - Highway Clivia Interest Group, KZN Clivia Club

t had been suggested, then discussed and planned and now it was a reality. This was the Iday a group of members from the Highway Clivia Interest Group were off on their first through a banana plantation and then along stuck in the mud it was easy to leave one’s habitat visit. a path between the banana plantation and a footwear behind. We had arranged to meet at an agreed spot in patch of indigenous bush or forest. It wasn’t This Clivia colony was in a small, relatively flat Port Edward KZN at 9 am and then we would all long before we turned into the forest and very forested valley through which a small stream drive together to the venue, park our cars and quickly found out why the instructions we had meandered. Because of the flatness and the proceed on foot to the area where the Clivia received were so precise. extensive plant growth, there were places where robusta were to be found and admired. You may be forgiven if, like me, you had been the stream split and widened, creating areas The Highway Clivia Interest Group was formed advised that Clivia don’t like wet feet! But of marshy swamp, particularly where the root early in 2009 and is open to folk in the Highway another name for the Clivia robusta species is growth was sparse or non-existent. area of Durban to share ideas and learn more “swamp gardenii” and suffice it to say that there But the inconvenience of muddied jeans and about our common interest or passion as it is was more than one of the group that ended boots was soon forgotten as we saw the clivia for some. We are fortunate to have some of the up with jeans muddied to the knees! With feet plants – many, many more than I had expected. most experienced South African Clivia breeders Plants of all sizes and attractive colours from in our group and they are always willing to share the most common orange to the less common their knowledge with those of us who know yellow all flowering in the dappled sunlight very little and want to learn more about these filtering through the leafy canopy provided wonderful plants. how to dress and what to expect, but some of by the Umdoni (Syzigium cordata) and wild But back to our field trip. It was a glorious us city-slickers were not adequately prepared banana trees (Strelitzia nicolae). sunny May morning and the temperature was for what was to come. As I looked around I What we observed were mature C. robusta mild – just perfect for our excursion. After we noticed, with a certain amount of apprehension plants as tall as a man, plants that had the had all arrived at the meeting point, it wasn’t I must add, that the more experienced clivia- “trunk” characteristic of a C. caulescens, flowers long before the convoy set off, following Andy lovers were all kitted out as had been suggested. ranging through a broad spectrum of colours, Forbes-Hardinge who was our “guide” for the But they were in the minority so I felt a little bright multicoloured seed pods hanging on day. After a relatively short drive we turned on to better. (I’ve never owned a pair of gum boots in arched peduncles, seeds on the ground where a gravel road and soon reached the spot where my life and wasn’t going to buy any just for this the peduncles had withered, seeds germinating we would leave our cars under the supervision excursion). Soon we were ready to explore. and lots of small two leafed seedlings growing of a guard. After Andy explained what we should expect just where the seeds had fallen, ensuring that The organizers had advised us all what to bring, and look out for, we began a leisurely walk without interference this colony would regenerate

10 11 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011

small batches of leaves remaining where plants had obviously been harvested and stripped. While driving home and contemplating the day’s experiences, I realized how privileged I was to have been able to enjoy untouched nature and more importantly, Clivia as they probably grew in their thousands before South Africa had been colonized, before a growing demand for arable land resulted in deforestation and and survive. A surprising observation to more latterly, the growing population requiring me was the close proximity of different more and more muti from a rapidly diminishing the coloured flowers to each other resource. – although different plants, at times it This was part of one small valley similar to seemed as if they were all growing in thousands of others. Questions flitted through my the same clump. Soon the group of twenty had broken up into much smaller groups of folk wandering through this indigenous Eden. It wasn’t a walk in the park, but the undergrowth was forgiving and fairly easily negotiated. Clivia plants were to be found in abundance in all directions and often one could hear exclamations of excitement and wonder from a small group even though they were out of sight. Many photographs were taken, much searching done for plants with yellow or pink or dark red flowers, picture trophies to remind us of this awesome experience. Often I have read of colonies being raided and totally destroyed by muti gatherers and although I can’t claim to have traversed every meter of the area of this colony, there was thankfully little evidence of what we would call wanton destruction by herbalists. Twice I noted

12 13 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 1 & JANUARY - MARCH 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION The Editorial Board of the 2011 Clivia Society Yearbook 13 announces the Clivia Society Photo- graphic Competition. It is open to all and the objective is to encourage Clivia enthusiasts from around the world to submit photographs. Photographs of plants that flower outside of the normal Clivia Show dates and therefore are not seen by many people are of particular interest. This is an annual event that brings entries of photographs of attractive, as well as some unusual, Clivia flowers and plants. Prominent space will be allocated in the Yearbook to all winners and other suitable photos. The name of the Photographer and Grower, where submitted, will be published along with any other relevant information. The Best Photograph and Runners-up will be selected for each category and will then not be eligible to win other categories other than overall placing in the competition. It is envisaged that the photography competition will also serve to illustrate registered or proposed named hybrids. Categories are as follows: 1 Open Flowers - Clivia miniata-like 2 All Pendulous Flower Forms (hybrids/species) 3 Single Flowers 4 Habitat (Locality and Species) 5 Plant/ Leaf Form (Without Flowers) 6 / Berries 7 Novelty plant/ flowers (Unusual Flower / Plant / Foliage Forms) mind – What treasures remain undiscovered? Or Can this national treasure be preserved from already discovered? And destroyed? Would my extinction in their natural habitats? One thing 8 Art Photographs (Artistic representation / re-imaged photographs) grandchildren be as fortunate as I had been? is obvious – it is up to us all, collectively. And The conditions and rules of entry are: What can our generation do to preserve this now we look forward to our next field trip. can’t 1. The completed attached entry form must accompany submissions. and other colonies in the wild from extinction? wait! & 2. All entries are welcome, but due to publishing deadlines must be received by the last day of September 2011, to be eligible. 3. Publication rights for entries will be rested in the Clivia Society. 4. Entries are limited to six per class per person. 5. Photographs may be mailed to Clivia Photographic Competition, P O Box 1039 White River 1240 or emailed to: [email protected] 6. Photos must be submitted in one of the following formats: i. On CD-R where the image is recorded in a tiff or jpeg format. The pixel size should be a minimum of 1600 x1200 pixels (2 Mb) as that should give a printable picture of approxi- mately 14 x 10cm. The resolution of the image would be preferred at 300 dpi or greater. ii Photographs must be on their own and not embedded in another program. e.g. MS Word. iii. email in jpeg format at 72 dpi with min. picture size 10 x 14 cm. N.B. The type of submission must be available on a CD as all emailed photos that reach the final selection of 12, or on request, will have to be submitted to the specifications above to remain eligible. 8. The decision of the Editorial Board on the Winners of the Competition is final and no correspondence will be entered into. 9. The winners’ names will be published in Year Book number 13. 10. Entry into the photographic competition gives the rights to the Clivia Society to use the material in all their official publications CLOSING DATE: 30 SEPTEMBER 2011 14 15 Clivia Club Shows & Markets for 2011

NAME OF CLUB DATES 2011 TIMES VENUE ENTRANCE FEES CONTACT PERSON / S

Lowveld Clivia Club 16 July 2011 Saturday: 11:00 – 16:00 CLIVIANEWS Nelspruit Interspecific Show

Lowveld Botanical Garden- No Charge Northern Clivia Club 23 July 2011 Saturday: 10:00 – 13:00Environ. Educ. Centre – on R40 Pretoria Interspecific Show road to White River

KwaZulu Natal 23 July 2011 Saturday: 08:00 –15:30SA Police Forensic Lapa No Charge & Clivia Club Interspecific Clivia Pretoria Road, Silverton Maria G: 083 457 1176 Pietermaritzburg Show & Plant Sales Paul K: 082 578 5289 Assagay Hotel Shongweni R10.00 per person VOLUME 20NUMBER2 Greg J: 083 702 3452 Northern KZN Interest 3 September 2011 Saturday :09:00 – 15:00Hillcrest (Old Polo Pony Hotel) over 12 years old Group Newcastle Show & STtalls Sarel N: 071895 7737 Northern Clivia Club 3 – 4 September Saturday: 08:00 – 17:00Micabella Nursery No Charge Pretoria 2011 – Show, Sunday: 09:00 – 15:00New Castle Val T: 031 763 5736 Clivia Market & 072 464 5212 16 Auction Anton van Wouw Primary R15.00 per person School, c/o Dey & Lange Streets, over 12 years oldFrancois v R: 076 487 0300 Lowveld Clivia Club 3 – 4 September Saturday: 09:00 – 17:00New Muckleneuk Hottie H: 082 290 6332 Nelspruit 2011 – Show & Sunday: 09:00 – 15:00 Clivia Market Lowveld Botanical Garden – R10.00 per person Christo T: 082 497 5879 & Northern Free State Clivia 9 – 11 September Environ. Educ. Centre-on R40 road over 12 years old Club 2011 – Show & to White River

Welkom Clivia Market APRIL -JUNE2011 Weekdays: 08:00 – 17:00 Technical College, Welkom R10.00 per person Cape Clivia Club 9 – 11 SeptemberSaturday: 08:00 – 16:00 over 12 years old Maria G: 083 457 1176 Cape Town 2011 – Display Sunday: 09:00 – 13:00 Paul K: 082 578 5289 Greg J: 083 702 3452 Joburg Clivia Club 10 – 11 SeptemberSaturday: 9:00 – 17:00 Sanlam Hall, Kirstenbosch Fee of Kirstenbosch Johannesburg 2011 – Show and Botanical Garden, Newlands Hannes v R: 083 367 7113 Sales Saturday: 08:30 – 16:30 Garden World Nursery, M5 Beyers R10.00 per person 057 388 1562 KwaZulu Natal 10 – 11 SeptemberSunday: 08:30 – 16:00 Naude Drive, Muldersdrift over 12 years old Clivia Club 2011– Clivia Show John W: 082 575 7202 Pietermaritzburg & Plant Sales Saturday: 09:00 – 15:30 Pelham School R10,00 per personIan B: 021 689 3901 Sunday: 09:00 – 15:00 Pietermaritzburg over 12years old Braam: 011 475 2586

Glynn M: 082 650 1463 Glynn Even: 011 476 1463

Val T: 031 763 5736 072 464 5212 Francois v R: 076 487 0300 Free State Clivia Club 17 September Bloemfontein 2011 – Show, Stalls & Tea Garden Saturday: 8.00 – 15.00 Sand du Plessis Secondary School, R10.00 per person: Overberg Clivia Interest 16 –17 September Curie Avenue, Bloemfontein. Children R5.00 Group 2011 – Show Hermanus

Friday: 09:00 – 17:00 Round Hall, Dutch Reform Church, R10.00 per person CLIVIANEWS Cape Clivia Club 24 – 25 SeptemberSaturday: 09:00 – 13:00 Hermanus, Central – Opposite over 12 years old Piet L: 051 522 8963 Cape Town 2011 – Show, Absa Bank Hennie: 051 522 9530 Auction & Market Daily: 09:00 – 17:00 Bellville Civic Centre, R10.00 per person 083 511 9519 New Zealand Clivia Club 25 September Voortrekker Road, Bellville over 12 years old Felicity W: 078 710 9485 Tauranga 2011 Show & Stalls Felicity W: 028 316 3092 & New Zealand Clivia Club 1 October 2011Sunday: 13:00 – 16:00 Plant Struck Nursery No Charge Auckland Show & Stalls Te Puna Road, Te Puna Joy W: 021 671 7384 Gerrit v W: 021 976 8924 VOLUME 20NUMBER2 Garden Route Clivia Club 1 – 2 October Saturday: 09:00 -16:00 Auckland Botanic Gardens Gold Coin George 2011 – Show Hill Road Manurewa Jude Shapland: 07 552 0661 Eastern Province 1 – 2 October Saturday: 09:00 – 17:00 Outeniqua Primary School, c/o R10.00 per person Clivia Club 2011 – Show, Sunday: 09:00 – 13:00 Cradock & Cathedral St. George School pupils free Port Elizabeth Stalls, Auction & Terry Hatch: 09 238 9129 17 Tea Garden Saturday: 08.30 – 17.00 D F Malherbe School Hall, R10.00 per person Sunday: 08.30 – 14.00 14 th Avenue, Walmer, over 12 years old KwaZulu Natal Clivia Club 8 October 2011 Port Elizabeth Ida E: 072 613 6066 Highway Interest Group Clivia miniata Show Kloof & Plant Sales Saturday: 08:00 – 15:30 Assagay Hotel Shongweni R10.00 per person & Gideon B: 079 490 0550 8 – 9 October Hillcrest(Old Polo Pony Hotel) over 12 years old André F: 083 386 6803 Border Clivia 2011 – Show,

Interest Group Auction & APRIL -JUNE2011 East-London Clivia Market Saturday: 08:00 – 17:00 Pioneer Nursery, Sunday: 08:00 – 12:00 Gonubie Val T: 031 763 5736 Cape Clivia Club 30 Oct – 4 Nov Mike: 083 651 0937 Cape Town 2011 – Display

Daily: 09:00 – 17:00 Sanlam Hall, Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, Newlands No Charge Glenn M: 071 421 7812 Peter M: 083 463 6229

Fee of Kirstenbosch John W: 082 575 7202 Ian B: 021 689 3901 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPETITION GROWERS’ NOTES ENTRY FORM Sphagnum moss survival strategy ESSENTIAL ENTRY DETAILS Kelly & Cheryl Fry - Silver Ridge Clivias, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia FULL NAME OF ENTRANT: ADDRESS & CONTACT DETAILS: his is a photo of a Clivia which could have of wet sphagnum been destined for the rubbish bin due in bottom of 6” to crown rot infection, had it not been [150 mm] pot PHONE: AND / OR EMAIL: T for information supplied to us by Toowoomba then place the NAME OF PHOTOGRAPHER: (Australia) growers Jeanne and Lionel Marten, Clivia plant in and DATE PHOTO TAKEN: hence its thriving survival. continue to fill The method used is to remove any rotting the pot. The plant NAME OF GROWER: loose material and wash the area. Allow to may need to be ENTRY NUMBER (1 to 8): dry and then coat the raw area with a paste of supported with Mancozeb. Dry before planting. sticks or some- CATEGORY ENTERED: (X relevant box) File no. of image We ourselves clean and wash the base as above thing similar. 1 Open Flowers - Clivia miniata-like and after drying for a day or so, dip the basal The picture shown 2 All Pendulous Flower Forms (hybrids / species) section into dry Copper Oxychloride powder and took about four 3 Single Flowers have had the same excellent results, so much months to pro- that we have designated a small section of our duce these lovely 4 Habitat (Locality and Species) garden as “the Lazarus Area”. healthy roots. 5 Plant/ Leaf Form (Without Flowers) The method never fails and works just as well Spag num mixture is kept damp during this time. 6 Umbels / Berries on small seedlings, as long as the basal stub is Roots will appear from the drainage holes when 7 Novelty plant / flowers (Unusual Flower / Plant / Foliage Forms) still viable. the revived plant is ready to pots on. Simply 8 Art Photographs (Artistic representation / re-imaged photographs) After following the method of applying the fun- remove all sphagnum and pot on in the usual gicide, place a couple of inches [some few cms] media of your choice. & OPTIONAL ENTRY DETAILS REGISTERED/PROPOSED* PLANT NAME: * DELETE WHERE NOT APPLICABLE STORIES BEHIND THE COVERS NAME OF BREEDER: All the species and forms of Clivia tend to have pale PARENTAGE OF PLANT: BERRY PARENT forms. The varietal epithet ‘citrina’ has been given to POLLEN PARENT some of the species for these forms but this seems to be contentious. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PLANT: FRONT COVER Gem's 'Golden Renaissance 2' Ngome type C. gardenii (photo Francois van Rooyen). Recent DNA analyses SUGGESTED PHOTO CAPTION: have located the Ngome forms closer to the species C. caulescens than C. gardenii as will be elucidated in the next Yearbook, CLIVIA 13. PHOTOGRAPHIC DETAILS: CAMERA TYPE: EXPOSURE DETAILS: OTHER COMMENTS: BACK COVER C. nobilis ex habitat at Septhome (photo Wayne Hasselau).

CLOSING DATE: 30 SEPTEMBER 2011 18 19 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 Fred van Niekerk's BREEDERS’ NOTES C. robusta 'Maxima' citrina form (photo Roger Fisher). PLANT INTRODUCTIONS Robert J. Armstrong

(Geneticist/Research Horticulturist at Longwood Gardens 1967-1999) [http://www.longwoodgardens.org/Plants&Horticulture/PlantIntroduction/Armstrong/ PlantIntroductionHistory.htm accessed 03 March 2010, 08:10:50 AM UMT +2]

Yellow Clivia and declined to be interviewed. It is a hansome n the early 1970s Longwood Gardens was plant: big, dark green strap-like leaves and given a "pup" of a very large flowered orange sturdy stems that bloom, if not given too much Iclivia. Longwood also acquired a yellow- sun, with a ball of buttery yellow flowers early in flowered clivia which had very small flowers. spring. [Inserted text – Ed] At the time having a yellow-flowered clivia of This was then crossed with the clivias with large any sort was something to be proud of, but yellow flowers but a floppy habit. The resulting since this plant was also rather weak it did not plants have large flowers and a very upright, readily lend itself to being put on display. The formal habit. These are now being evaluated by task at hand was to develop a strong plant the Research Division. The best will be named, with large yellow flowers. While there were propagated, and introduced. no references on how the yellow and orange ‘Longwood Debutante’ Ready for Debut flowers were inherited, in plants it is often the Reprinted from Longwood Gardens: Behind- case genetically that the yellow color would be the-Plants March 4, 2011 by Alan P http:// recessive to the orange color. Therefore, crosses longwoodgardens.wordpress.com/2011/03/04/ were made between the clivia with small yellow longwood-debutante-ready-for-debut/ accessed flowers and the clivia with very large orange 10:30 UMT + 2 flowers. The resulting F1s were all orange, which was as expected if yellow was indeed recessive to orange. In order to get yellow flowers back, it was then necessary to either cross the F1s among themselves or backcross the F1s back to Gerhard Faber's C. mirabilis 'Karen's Blush'. the yellow flowered parent. This was done and the resulting F2 and BC1 generations yielded both yellow and orange flowers. The yellow flowers in this generation were much larger than the original, but they were rather floppy and did not have the desired habit. In the meantime Longwood friend and neighbor Sir John Thouron gave the Gardens a yellow- Gem's C. gardenii yellow varietal (photo flowered clivia that had a very upright, formal Francois van Rooyen). habit. Clivia miniata 'Longwood Debutante' C. caulescens 'Yellow Collies' (photo Ertjies Röhn), Clivia Sir John Thouron are descendants of an a single yellow blooming clone from about 2000 unusual yellow Clivia that was brought from After 35 years of clivia breeding, Longwood plants confiscated after being removed from Britain to Philadelphia in the 1950s by Sir John Gardens is releasing its first named clivia the Pilgrim’s Rest forests by muti collectors in Thouron, a Scotsman and esteemed plantsman, when the North American Clivia Society holds about 2000 and replanted in the nurseries of the whose private gardens and four green houses, its International Symposium and Show at Mpumalanga Parks Board. This is only the second in the Brandywine Valley, constitute one of the Longwood Gardens March 19 and 20, 2011. known yellow habitat form of the species, the finest collections of rare and unusual plants Clivia enthusiasts from around the world will other being that of Bertie Guillaume from the in the USA. No one knows for sure where Sir be in attendance when ‘Longwood Debutante’ Zoutpansberg forests. John got the plant. (Sir John was very private, makes her debut into Clivia Society in the

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pigments in a yellow clivia flower or berry, such null mutations in the genes leading to the plants are not albinos. Albinos, if they are self formation of anthocyanins. This means that fertile (and many are not), will produce only one of the genes in the chemical pathway that other albinos. manufactures the anthocyanin pigment (six, When crossed with other albino yellows, seven or eight genes – depending on what sometimes they produce other pure yellow colour is finally produced) is totally unable to flowers and fruit and are said to be "compatible" produce its specific enzyme which is necessary (and belong to the same group) but at other to carry out its single chemical step in the times they produce anthocyanin-coloured manufacturing pathway. Thus manufacture of flowers and fruit and are (genetically) stated the final pigment stops at this point and no pigment is produced, resulting in an albino. Inside the research greenhouses. to be "complementary". In this latter case they belong to different groups. Such a plant is a pure green as a seedling and In 1990 I published, in Herbertia 46 (2) 95-96, never develops any other colour as a seedling, Clivia miniata 'Longwood Debutante' an article entitled: “A true breeding strain of and only yellow flowers and berries as an adult plant. the plant has 13 leaves, it is ready to produce a yellow Clivia” – in which I suggested that the The six, seven or eight genes that produce flower. Then, when you finally have a blooming breeding behaviour of yellow clivias was similar the six, seven or eight enzymes which are plant, the plants are slow to multiply. It can take to Hurst’s grouping of White Cattleyas into needed to produce the anthocyanin pigments years for the parent plant to produce offsets. two types (groups) and in 1999 I published a are called the "structural" genes of the pathway Clivia berries Clivia seeds removed from Results are slow in clivia breeding! “classification of the known varieties of yellow and a null mutation in the pathway before a containing seeds. the berry. Clivias” (Clivia Newsletter 8 (1) 10-13) and called While breeding for the superior yellow flower, them Group 1 and Group 2 (after Hurst’s two coloured pigment is produced will stop colour interesting mutations began to occur. Both groups). This was the first listing of Group 1 and production. elegant Longwood Ballroom. Scarlet O’Hara yellow and orange flowers began to exhibit a Group 2 Clivia types. The pathway to the orange and red pigments would be jealous! raised area, or keel, in some petals. The term (Pelargonidins) in Clivia miniata consists of six Back in 1976 when the breeding program “keeling” refers the shape of the keel of the boat. In the past year or so, another yellow was main genes. Their names are the same as the started, clivias were commonly orange. The The keeling petals add extra depth and interest identified which was found to produce orange enzymes they produce and because these names yellow flowers existing at the time were not to the flowers. We decided that the breeding offspring when crossed with both Group 1 and are long and difficult to remember they are impressive and rare, so Longwood decided program would also focus on accentuating the Group 2 yellow plants but produces pure yellow usually abbreviated as (in order): to initiate a breeding program to produce a keel, in hopes of producing a multi-petal flower. flowers when crossed with F1 oranges bred superior yellow clivia. ‘Longwood Debutante’ The normal number of petals on a clivia flower from the mother plant - and these seedling CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS and 3GT. has achieved the goal of the breeding program is six, but if the keel separates from the petals, yellows proceed to produce albino yellows The pigment is actually put together by ANS and with its luminous yellow flowers that rise above a flower with nine petals can result. Keeling when inter-crossed, selfed or crossed back to the 3GT is responsible for adding various sugars to it the dark green foliage. Her flowers are slightly flowers are interesting by themselves even if original yellow. This original plant was named and producing the two different perlargonidins fragrant with petals that overlap to produce a they don’t have extra petals. We now have some ‘Ndwedwe Alpha Thurston’ and was recognised (orange and red) in the case of clivias. beautiful floral display. This is the first release in potential keeling cultivars in the works in our by Sean Chubb as a new yellow group - which The six are known as the structural genes, with a series of Longwood clivia cultivars. research greenhouses. & he termed ‘Alpha Group’. To continue the CHS, F3H, DFR and ANS generally considered to original classification system it should be known Why did it take so long to release the first plant? be the "colour producing genes". a Group 3 – even though it has only one known Thirty five years is a long time to wait. A good In Clivia News (18 No.2 April-June 2009, p 6) member at this stage. number of current students and employees HOW MANY GROUPS under the heading "Research Committee, Annual at Longwood were not even alive when the Sean has suggested that another yellow in report 2009", Professor Spies reported that his program started! One factor that slowed the OF ALBINO YELLOW his collection named ‘Mvuma Yellow’ may be research team had isolated and studied "the program was the extended time it takes for a a member of yet another new yellow group four colour genes" and found that "no variation clivia seedling to mature. Seedlings can take CLIVIAS ARE THERE? (perhaps Group 4) and I suggest (without in these structural genes appear to be present conclusive evidence at this stage) that ‘Ndwedwe in the different colour forms". This indicates up to eight years to bloom from the time Bill Morris - Australia the seed is planted, so patience is needed. Beta Yellow’ may yet again be the first of another that no major mutations are present in them. We have known for over ten years that there are Longwood speeds up the process in our research new group of albino yellow clivias. It follows therefore, that albino yellow forms two types of albino yellow clivias. greenhouses by keeping the seedlings actively These potential new yellow groups started (Group 1 and Group 2) must have mutations growing all year long, rather than allowing them These are plants with pure yellow flowers and me thinking about how many different yellow somewhere else. This brings us to "control genes" to go dormant in the winter. The trick is to get yellow pods (botanically "berries") which are groups may be possible. (technically called regulatory genes) which have the seedling to mature quickly—and maturity unable to produce anthocyanin pigments. It has long been believed that all albino been occasionally mentioned in clivia articles occurs when the plant produces 13 leaves. Once If there are any traces of orange/red or pink yellows are what are known as single gene without any indication of what they do.

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I will now quote from a 2008 article re regulation four possible combinations - thus giving sixteen the results of many crosses between particular of colour production (Ref 1, Summary): "In all potential Groups. Of course, this is a theoretical cultivars and then grouping those which seem higher plants studied to date, the anthocyanin total – in practice it could be less. to be breeding the same, will prediction become pathway is regulated by a suite of transcription For example, mutations involving the WD-repeat possible. factors that include Myb, bHLH, and WD repeat protein gene seem to be much rarer than Myb or Even then, predictions will only be accurate if proteins". The literature suggests that these bHLH gene mutations. Similarly, in some plants the groupings are correctly ascribed. proteins act as a complex of all three and the structural gene mutations are considerably rarer Thus, whenever a new, pure yellow Clivia is absence of any one of them renders the gene than regulatory gene (transcription factors) found – with no trace of anthcyanin pigments it controls ineffective. So far there appear to be mutations. So instead of four variables for each and a pure yellow pod (berry) it has to be hundreds of slightly different Myb and bHLH structural gene, in practice it could be three crossed with a named clone of pure yellow, proteins reported and it is not apparent (to me) or even two, in which case, instead of sixteen belonging to each of the known groups (at that whether they can vary within the one plant - Jeanne Marten's 'Di Mathews' (1) (Photo Di Groups (for four variables) it could be twelve time – e.g. Group 1, 2 , 3, etc ) to determine if although they certainly can vary between species Matthews). Groups (for three variables) or even eight Groups it produces yellow (compatible with the same or genera. (for two variables). group) flowers etc or orange (complementary Variation within the one plant could allow each Only time will tell. – a different group) when it may be another structural gene to have its own set of regulators I hope this article shows that there is no easy new group. and allow fine control of when and where the or simple explanation for predicting the colour Ref. 1, Gonzales A., Zhao M. Leavitt J.M., Llloyd flavonoid pathway was activated. which will result from crossing plants. Albino A.M. (2008). Regulation of the anthocyanin The three transcription factors mentioned above plants are the simplest to deal with because there biosynthetic pathway by the TTG1/bHLH/Myb have their own genes (regulatory genes) which are no anthocyanin pigments present. Where transcriptional complex in Arabidopsis seedlings. are needed to produce these special proteins. anthocyanins are present, only by publishing The Plant Journal 53, pp. 814-827. & It is the mutations in these regulatory genes that control whether the transcription proteins are produced at all (a null mutation) or reduce The quest for a double-flowered yellow the quantity which can then flow through, thus limiting the amount of pigment produced. Clivia miniata at Longwood Gardens Without these transcription factors, the structural gene cannot be copied and this means the by Jim Harbage, Alan Petravich, Robert Armstrong & Matt Taylor structural gene is non-functional - just as if it [reprinted with permission from Longwood Gardens ‘The Gardens’ http://www. had a null mutation in this structural gene. longwoodgardens.org/DoubleFloweredYellowClivia.html accessed 10:30 UMT + 2] Markham's analyses of pigments (in Hammett's n the mid 1970s, Longwood Gardens began habit with flowers held above the foliage. This article in Yearbook Clivia 8 and repeated in a breeding program to develop improved cultivar has since been named 'Sir John Thouron' Clivia News – January/March 2010, p13) shows Iforms of yellow-flowered Clivia miniata. At after the individual that donated the plants. no difference between Group 1 and Group 2 this time yellow-flowered forms of Clivia were Crosses were quickly made between the best yellows, that would suggest, perhaps, different quite rare and were generally weak plants with yellow seedlings from the F2 and backcross gene mutations and thus supports the findings Fred Gibello's 'Juliana Webb' (photo Johann small flowers and poor habits. The breeding populations mentioned above and C. 'Sir John of Professor Spies' research group that the Schoombee). project began by crossing a Clivia with small Thouron'. Many of the progeny had outstanding structural genes are normal. yellow flowers and poor plant habit with an However, Markham's results suggest to me that he lists seventeen cultivars of which five are orange-flowered plant that had exceptionally the CHS gene may be turned off in both types Group 1, four are Group 2 and 'Alpha Thurston' large flowers. The resulting F1 hybrids were all because both flavones and flavonols are absent which is here placed in Group 3 – leaving seven orange-flowered, suggesting the yellow-flower and probably flavonones (unreported) as well. ungrouped. With the suggestion that 'Mvuma phenotype was recessive. Therefore seedlings of Thus the difference between the two groups Yellow' could belong to another group (Group 4 the F1 generation were intercrossed and some could be due to mutations in two different ?) and my suggestion that 'Beta Thurston' could were also backcrossed with the yellow-flowered regulatory genes (from the three transcription be yet another (Group 5 ?) how many others parent. Both of these crosses resulted in plants factors – say Myb in one group and bHLH in are possible? with large yellow flowers but they were floppy the other). This leaves WD-repeat protein as a Well, if each of the four structural, colour- and the plant habits were not significantly better possible cause of a third group. producing genes have their own three regulatory than the original yellow-flowered parent. In the article by van Niekerk in Yearbook Clivia genes (producing the three transcription factors) At this time, Longwood was given a yellow- 7 on yellow clivias found in the wild (p.73) this is four variables for each and with four x flowered Clivia that had a very upright formal

24 25 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 HERITAGE & HISTORY THE HERITAGE OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY - 1996 TO 2000

Part 2 of an address delivered to the Fifth Quadrennial Clivia Conference, Bellville, Cape

Lena van der Merwe – Northern Clivia Club

CLIVIA CLUB MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE Clivia Club 6(3) July 1997 page 4 James Abel MEMBERS 1996 to 1998 wrote about a proposal - “we need to separate the Club as a whole from the Gauteng branch Position 1997/98 (and others).” Editing and finance would be club Chairman James Abel portfolios and the branches each responsible for Chairman (KwaZulu-Natal) Sean Chubb their own finances, shows and other activities. He Anyone breeding Clivia knows that patience is Chairman (Western Cape) John Winter mentioned Kees Sahin’s a key requirement for success. Under typical Treasurer Koos Geldenhuys proposal of developing container culture, Clivia require about 4–6 years Secretary (membership) Adri Haxton a top quality colour from seed to flower and then will flower each Public Relations Elda de Witt illustrated magazine. The committee intends successive year. The first flowers produced by Show organiser Frikkie Potgieter to publish a coloured a seedling are usually not representative of Technical Advisor Louisa Liebenberg the plant's true genetic potential and proper supplement annually Editor Meg Hart and an appeal was evaluation of a seedling cannot be accomplished Co-opted member (show) Tino Ferero until the second or third flowering cycle. made to members to supply photographs This means it can require a very long time to Co-opted member (show) Renèe Deschamps of their prize plants accomplish multiple generations of breeding. Clivia Club 6(2) of April 1997 on page 6 Theo Tino Ferero towards this project. flower size, number and form as well as excellent We have been able to reduce the time to first & Judy Beukes wrote about a meeting held plant habit. These are currently being evaluated flower of seedlings to less than three years at Kirstenbosch on 5 October 1996 where Clivia Club 6(4) October and some have been chosen for naming. by modifying our culture of the plants. Our John Winter gave a workshop to 29 people 1997 in the chairman’s Three unusual seedlings emerged from the approach is based on research showing that the on cultivating clivias. The editorial on page 2 report mention is made breeding program, which led to a new selection time from seed sowing to first flower is strictly mentioned that this was the first meeting of the that there are now goal. These seedlings, one orange and two yellow- a function of the rate of leaf formation in the “Clivia Interest Group” in the Western Province. three active branches flowered, all had flower mutations affecting the seedling. On the Western Province in South Africa, name- ly Western Cape, Kwa- petals referred to as “keeled” petals. The resulting Once the seedling has produced about 13 Clivia Interest Group Zulu/Natal and Gau- effect produced flowers with a semi-double or leaves it will then flower. The time it takes to meeting held on 22 teng. At the AGM on ruffled appearance. The seedlings from crosses produce 13 leaves is dependent primarily on January 1997 (page 6 September 1997 a of plants with keeled petals varied with regard to temperature, as well as moisture and fertility. 19) attended by nine Elda de Wit new committee was keeling from individuals with no keeling to ones Typical container culture of Clivia follows a people, dates were set elected for 1997/98. with much more pronounced keeling than even cycle of warm temperatures, keeping soil moist, for future meetings and New names appeared on the committee. the parents. There were also individuals where and medium to high fertility during the late a show and Toy Jennings the “keel” had actually separated from the petal spring through early fall followed by cooler (who retired and moved The editorial (6(4) page 3) made mention of the to form an extra set of petals. temperatures, dry soil, and low fertility during to Fishhoek by end fact that the Clivia Club “is now five years old The next generation was intercrossed and selfed late fall through early spring. The rate of leaf 1996) and Jim Holmes John Winter and there are about 30 founder members who and the resulting seedlings are currently growing production can be increased significantly by were co-opted onto the are still subscribers”. with first flowers expected shortly. A small keeping warm, moist, fertile growing conditions committee. On page 20 Toy Jennings wrote At the meeting of the Western Cape Clivia proportion of this generation is expected to be all year. The light intensity and day-length do not about an open meeting of the Western Province Club meeting of 13 September 1997 (6(4) yellow with significant keeling in the petals and seem to affect leaf production rate under normal Interest Group held at Kirstenbosch on 1 March page 21) it was proposed that the second possibly some with double flowers. greenhouse conditions. & 1997. Clivia Club International Conference scheduled

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Winter mentioned on It was announced in Clivia Club 7(3) July 1998 page 19 of Clivia Club page 4 that a research grant of R 3 000 was 8(2) that the Yearbook made to Craig Honiball towards his M. Sc. would be posted soon. studies at University Pretoria and a further R 1 In the spring 1999 000 from the Northern branch. This then was issue (Clivia Club 8(3)) the first funding of research on Clivia in South Tino Ferero, on behalf Africa by the Clivia Club. of all the members Koos Geldenhuys, as acting Chairman, congratulated the year- announced the future separation of the book committee for the Northern branch committee from the Clivia superb publication. He Chris Vlok Club committee and that an election would also announced that take place on 5 September 1998 and this four managing com- would be the last election governed by the old mittee members had constitution. Tino Ferero was co-opted onto a decided not to be avail- sub-committee drafting the new constitution able for re-election. – “a lengthily 22 page The first meeting of the document” – that was George Clivia Interest then circulated to the Group took place on branches and interesting 31 July 1999 (Clivia parties. Club 8(3) page 19). On page 20 in Cape The first AGM not held Pro vince branch news in Pretoria (Clivia Club Gert Wiese wrote: “The 8(4) page 7) took place Sarel Naudé The Clivia Review Jan 1998 Western Cape branch First Hints on Growing Clivias. on 17 September 1999 has in corporated the Gert Wiese in Cape Town. The to be held in Pretoria, be held in Cape Town Eastern Cape Branch proposed members were unanimously elected instead to coincide with the Botanical Gardens with their approval and In the editorial of Clivia Club 8(1) autumn to the Central Committee. Joy Woodward was Conservation Congress at Kirstenbosch. This we are now known as the CAPE PROVINCE 1999 Meg Hart wrote that the Clivia Review, not elected, but, as private assistant of John proposal was accepted as announced in Clivia BRANCH.” He also said they have their own which should have been issued with this edi- Winter at Kirstenbosch National Biodiversity Club 7(1) page 3 and on page 5 John Winter constitution. tion of the newsletter, was to be replaced with a “Yearbook” of about 60 pages and would be Institute, available as secretary. wrote that Clivia 98 conference would take Clivia Club 7(4) November 1998 reported on available towards the middle of the year. John With the autumn 2000 issue we see a name place on 19 and 20 September 1998 and the new committees elected at various meetings. theme would be “Growing Clivia.” James Abel was transferred to Zimbabwe With Clivia Club 7(1) January 1998 an eight- and was not available for re-election. On 5 CLIVIA CLUB MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS 1998 to 2000 page supplement “The Clivia Review ’98” with September 1998 in Pretoria the new Clivia Club 1998/99 1999/2000 Reneè Dechamps as coordinator was posted committee (first separate committee from the to members. This was the forerunner of the Northern branch) was elected. Chairman Tino Ferero John Winter yearbook we know today. The Northern Branch elected on 31 October Vice-Chairman - Sean Chubb In news of the committee, Clivia Club 7(2) page 1998 their first committee separate from the Treasurer Koos Geldenhuys Ian Brown. 4, mention was made of the future format of Clivia Club and left it to the elected members Secretary (not elected) - Joy Woodward the Yearbook. to decide on the portfolios of each member. Public relations Elda de Witt Chris Vlok Clivia Club 7(2) April 1998 page 4 the chairman On page 25 Chris Vlok [28 Chris Vlok] listed the Membership mentioned that the Club had outgrown its new committee of the Northern Branch with administrator/secretary Adri Haxton Sarel Naude original constitution and various committees himself as chairman. He was instrumental to Newsletter Editor Meg Hart Meg Hart are reviewing it. He requested members to the publishing of the first “Hints on Growing Additional member - BrianTarr participate in this process by sending in their Clivia”. [29 First Hints on Growing Clivias] BRANCH CHAIRMEN suggestions on any aspect at all. In the Cape Province Clivia Club report on page Chairman (Western Cape) John Winter John Winter Clivia Club 7(2) page 20 reported on the 23, John Winter reported that the Clivia ’98, Chairman (Northern) Chris Vlok Tino Ferero change of name from “Gauteng” to “Northern” the second international conference of the Chairman (KwaZulu-Natal) Sean Chubb Sean Chubb branch. Clivia Club, was a great success.

24 29 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011

LAST CLIVIA CLUB MANAGEMENT COMMITIEE MEMBERS References 2000/2001 ELECTED 2 DECEMBER 2000 Newsletters of the Clivia Society from volume 6 to Chairman John Winter volume 10. Secretary (not elected) Joy Woodward E-mails of the Executive Vice-Chairman Sean Chubb committee. Treasurer Ian Brown Conference proceedings Additional Member Brian Tarr of 1998. Membership Secretary vacant BRANCHES Photographs Cape John Winter A hearty thank you goes Northern Tino Ferero to members making KwaZulu/Natal Sean Chubb photos available. INTEREST GROUPS (James & Connie Abel; Border Stella van Gass (Chairperson) Pat Gore, James and Eastern Cape Willie van Rensburg (Secretary Adri Haxton, Southern Cape Ian Vermaak (Chairman) Peter Lambert and Northern KwaZulu/Natal Dries Olivier (Chairman) others). & Metro Nick Primich Covers of Yearbooks from 1999 to 2008. OTHER Public Relations Chris VIok In this issue (9(1) p 21) Fred Gibello announced Newsletter Editor Meg Hart the meeting in Port Elizabeth on 13 November 1999 with the purpose of starting The Eastern Cape Clivia Interest Group. They elected Charl Coetzee as chairman. Stella van Gas wrote of the CLIVI-ARTA - HELEN SANDERS formation of the Border Clivia Interest Group on 9 April 2000 with Stella as chairperson. Clivia Club Newsletter 9(2) listed the two newly formed interest Groups with Stella van Gas (Border) and Wilma Blake (Eastern Cape) as contact persons. Chris Vlok (page 4), as Public Relations Officer, appealed to all members to assist the investigation of a web page for the Clivia Club. He also mentioned a booklet “ Hints on Growing Clivia” that would be available in September. Clivia Club Newsletter 9(3) reported on new interest groups in Newcastle (page 14) and South Cape (page 22), previously known as the George Clivia Interest Group. Clivia Club Newsletter 9(4) summer 2000 page 20 Hints on Growing Clivia. wrote of yet another new interest group, namely Metro Interest Group in Johannesburg. Clivia Club Newsletter 10(1) autumn 2001 change from Clivia Club to Clivia Club Newsletter mentioned the AGM held on 2 December 2000 volume 9(1). This was the first newsletter with a in Pietermaritzburg. The Clivia Club Committee coloured gloss cover. The Clivia Club committee elected was the last committee under the first members were listed on page 3. constitution of the Clivia Club.

30 31 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011 The Clivia Society: Management details REPRESENTATIVES OF CLIVIA ENTHUSIASTS www.cliviasociety.org & Netherlands Aart van Voorst: Tel: +31 252529679; e-mail: [email protected] & United Kingdom Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE: 2010 & USA & CANADA Jim Shields: Cell: 317-506-4726; e-mail: [email protected] Chairman: Christo Topham: Mobile: +27 82497 5879 e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Lena van der Merwe: PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040 Tel & Fax: +27 12 804 8892, e-mail: [email protected] OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS Vice-Chairman: Francois van Rooyen: Mobile: +27 76 487 0300; e-mail: [email protected] FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Treasurer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] & Australia Ken Smith: Tel: +61 247543287; e-mail: [email protected] Member: Johan Spies: Mobile: +27 83 652 6130, e-mail: [email protected] & USA & CANADA William McClelland: Tel: 1-805-484 1484; INTERNATIONAL CONTACT PERSONS e-mail: [email protected] Australia: Ken Smith: 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee. NSW 2777. Tel: +61 24 754 3287, e-mail: [email protected] CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS New Zealand: Tony Barnes (Representative): e-mail: [email protected] & Cape Clivia Club Joy Woodward: Cell: +27 72 487 7933; e-mail: [email protected] Alick McLeman: (Correspondence) e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Jaco Nel: 46 Atney Road, Putney, London UK. SW152PS & Eastern Province André Fourie: Cell: +27 83 386 6803; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club Tel: +44 (0) 208 789 2229, e-mail: [email protected] Europe: Aart van Voorst: Tel: +031 25 252 9679, Frederik Hendriklaan 49, & Free State Clivia Club Piet Laubscher: Cell: +27 73 234 5759/ +27 83 610 2249, HillegomTE 2181, Netherlands. e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] USA & Canada: Tom Wells (Representative): e-mail: [email protected] & Garden Route Ida Esterhuizen: Tel: +2744-871 2214; e-mail: [email protected] William McClelland (Correspondence): Bolin Ave., Camarillo, Clivia Club Ca93010-4708, USA, Tel: 1 805 484 1484 1048, & Joburg Clivia Club Glynn Middlewick: Tel: +27 11 4761463; e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] & KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club Ginny van Rooyen: Cell: +27 82 820 0633; e-mail: [email protected] Gloria Weir (Treasurer): e-mail: [email protected] & Lowveld Clivia Club Maria Grové: Tel: +27 83 475 1176 Fax: +27 86 531 8724(RSA only). e-mail: [email protected] PORTFOLIOS & New Zealand Clivia Club Alick McLeman: Tel: 64-9-5213062; e-mail: [email protected] Newsletter & Yearbook Roger Fisher: Mobile: +27 83 602 7736 & Northern Clivia Club Marlene Topham: Tel: + 27 12 542 3693; e-mail: [email protected] Lead Editor: e-mail: [email protected] & Northern Free State Hannes van Rooyen: Tel: +2757 388 1562; Cell: +27 83 367 7113; Yearbook Editor: Roger Dixon: Mobile: +27 824575174 Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] (De Waal Maree) e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] & Border Interest Group Glenn Miles: Tel: +27714217812; Fax: 0866577892 (RSA only); Public Relations Officer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415 Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Standards and Judging: Koos Geldenhuys: Mobile: +27 83 442 4487 & Northern KwaZulu-Natal Mrs Joey Dovey: Tel: +2734-3184179/+27 83 344 0572; e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Registrar for named Ken Smith: Tel: +61 24 754 3287 & Overberg Clivia Felicity Weeden: Tel: + 27 84 5898 297; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia cultivars: e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group Research: Prof. Johan Spies: e-mail: [email protected] & Waterberg Clivia Erenst Ferreira: Tel. & Fax: +27 14 715 2497; Cell: +27 82 343 7287. Mobile: +27 83 652 6130, P O Box 17195, Bainsvlei, 9338 RSA Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] Webmaster: Gideon Scheepers: e-mail: [email protected] & Highway Interest Group Mike Callaghan: Cell: 083 651 093 & Ngome Vryheid Louis Lotter: Cell: 078 100 4883 CLIVIA CLUBS Interest Group Cape, Eastern Province, Free State, Garden Route, Joburg, KwaZulu-Natal, Lowveld, & Newcastle Hottie Human: Cell: 034 318 1327 New Zealand, Northern and Northern Free State Interest Group INTEREST GROUPS Northern KwaZulu-Natal, Overberg and Waterberg

32 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 2 & APRIL - JUNE 2011

34 ISSN 1819-1460

& QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY&

VVOLUMEO L U M E 2200 NNUMBERU M B E R 3 & JJULYU L Y - SSEPTEMBERE P T E M B E R 220110 1 1 The Clivia Society www.cliviasociety.org The Clivia Society caters for Clivia enthusiasts throughout the world. It is the umbrella body for a number of constituent Clivia Clubs and interest Groups which meet regularly in South Africa and elsewhere around the world. In addition, the Society has individual members in many countries, some of which also have their own Clivia Clubs. An annual Yearbook and quarterly News letters are published by the Society. For information on becoming a member and / or for details of Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups contact the Clivia Society secretary or where appropriate, the International Contacts, at the addresses listed in the inside back cover.

The objectives of the Clivia Society 1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of conservation; 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by: 3.1 The exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 3.2 Where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and 3.3 The mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination thereof amongst constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; and 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the above- mentioned objectives.

More information on the Clivia Society available on www.cliviasociety.org

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Clivia Society or the editor. CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 Table of Contents

& CLIVIA NEWS Inner Front Cover & EDITORIAL Roger Fisher 2 & CLIVIA TERMS AND TERMINOLOGY Three common terms used in Clivia circles questioned - David Banks 3 & READER' OPINIONS AND VIEWS 3 When is 'Clivia' not a Clivia? 7 - Rosa 'Clivia' - Greig Russell 4 Yellow Flowering Clivia - a Debate on size - Piet Theron 5 & REGISTERED CLIVIA CULTIVARS Clivia Cultivar Register and Checklist - Marilyn Paskert 5 & NAMED HABITAT CLIVIA CLONES Stories behind the covers - Cunningham Pink - Garth Cunningham 6 Cunningham Pink - A question on registering names? - Geoffrey Pomeroy 7 Luke's Special - Lionel Bester 8 & NAMED CLIVIA CLONES C. miniata 'Griet' - the Clivia - Sakkie Nel 8 Clivia miniata 'Joubert van Wyk' - Marilyn Paskert 10 & CLIVIA VISITS A Visit to the Netherlands - Heidi Nerurkar 11 & GROWERS' AND BREEDERS' NOTES Some notes on the flowcytometric analysis of Gordon McNeil's intergenerics 16 Why micro-propagated ‘Vico’ Clivia plant clones may not be genetically identical? 18 & CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS Free State Clivia Route 19 & CLIVIA SOCIETY HISTORY The heritage of the Clivia Society: 2001 to 2005 - Lena van der Merwe 19 & ADVERTISEMENT - WALLY & JOEY DOVEY 26 & CLIVI-ARTA - Helen Sanders 27 & THE CLIVIA SOCIETY Inner Back Cover

ADVERTISEMENTS WILL ANYONE WISHING TO ADVERTISE OR WHO KNOWS OF POTENTIAL SPONSORS OR ADVERTISERS PLEASE COMMUNICATE WITH SAKKIE NEL IN THIS REGARD - SEE INNER COVER FOR CONTACT DETAILS.

The Clivia Society Newsletter started as a black on white news-sheet dated July 1992, numbered Volume 1 number 1, called 'Clivia Club'. It formed a means of communication for people interested in the plant genus Clivia. It was edited/written by Nick Primich with a frequency of 3, 5, 8 & 5 during the first 4 years, using the publication month in the volume. The frequency was fixed on four annually with Vol. 5 No 1 of March 1996. The date changed to the southern hemisphere seasons with Vol. 8 No 1 of Autumn 1999. The first three used yellow paper as cover. The name changed to 'CLIVIA CLUB NEWSLETTER' with Vol. 9 No 1 Autumn 2000 with full colour photos on the cover pages. Another name change to 'CLIVIA SOCIETY NEWSLETTER' came with Vol. 10 No 4 Summer 2000, and in 2005 reverted to a quarterly number. CLIVIA NEWS is the continuation of this series.

1 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

EDITORIAL

t’s that time of the year in the southern series of “When is a ‘Clivia’ not a Clivia?”, finding hemisphere when things start happening all it to be not in accordance with nomenclatural I at once and far too quickly. I’m sure this is rules. the longest, coldest drawn out winter I’ve had to And then – named Clivia cultivars. Before register- survive but perhaps it’s just accumulated wear ing a name ask yourself “Why do I need to do and tear [mostly self-inflicted] that heightens this?” It is a useful way of keeping track of consciousness of one’s failing body. And I don’t genetic material through breeding lines. And know if it’s the erosion of memory over time since the generations between plants is in half [ok, by alcohol as well!] that is responsible, decades most of us are merely guardians and but each year the Clivia blooms look more not keepers of their heredity. If you are not spectacular than the last. This year’s seem to into breeding, showing or selling then it would have arrived late for many so the best blooms seem that there is no need to register a name. may have missed the shows - but there are Registering a name is easy enough to do these some pretty spectacular plants about, and one days since the registration form has been placed is hard-pressed to decide which is the ‘must online [ http://www.northamericancliviasociety. have’ [not that I can afford those]. We also have org/cultivar-form.php ] There is a proviso that the added advantage of the Clivia Forum [www. the picture of the plant should be published in cliviaforum.co.za] and the Clivia Interest Group a numbered publication to validate the name. [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/clivia- Clivia News is here to help you! Since the Clivia enthusiast/] to keep us abreast of developments growers tend to be of the greying brigade there and in a permanent shade of green. And now are still members who shy away from electronic added is the online register of named Clivia technology. My advice – find a youngster to help cultivars and checklist of names [ http://www. you – that is if you can hold their attention long northamericancliviasociety.org/clivia-register. enough not to be distracted by the next jangling php] if ever you’re feeling you’ve time or an gizmo! appetite for being further lured down the path And in conclusion we have Lena van der Merwe’s of financial ruin. penultimate episode of the Heritage of the Clivia Which then brings us to the issue of terminology Society. - we have scientists and hobbyist, perfectionists So, until our next exciting issue – and promiscuous breeders amongst the diverse Enjoy! & range of member of the Clivia community. Each has their own take on reality. Here we publish Roger Fisher David Bank’s observations of the correctness – or Editor – Clivia News not – in the use of some of the terms bandied about by clivia aficionados. I don’t think in a ERRATA group of such diversity we’ll reach consensus The photo of the plant named Fred Gibello but in print it is better to err on the side of being Juliana Webb was of a plant Aletta (Elsje) van conservative and correct. If one is breeding for der Merwe got as a gift from Johan Schoombee the marketplace then terminology that can be about five years ago. Unfortunately it was lost misconstrued or deceptive is deceitful. some time ago. Greig Russell takes issue with a the clonal name The photographer was Pieter van der Merwe’s of ‘Clivia’ for a rose cultivar in his continuing and sent by his wife Aletta (Elsje). & EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER ROGER FISHER: PO Box 1039, White River, 1240, Republic of South Africa &Tel: +27 83 602 7736&Fax: 086 515 0710 (RSA only) &E-mail: [email protected] PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER SAKKIE NEL: PO Box 35235, Menlo Park, 0120 &Tel: +27 12 361-6415&E-mail: [email protected] YEARBOOK EDITORIAL ROGER FISHER: PO Box 1039, White River, 1240, Republic of South Africa &Tel: +27 83 602 7736&Fax: 086 515 0710 (RSA only) &E-mail: [email protected] &DESIGN & LAYOUT FRÉDA VAN WYK: +27 82 468 8485 &PRINTING CPD Graphics (Pty) Ltd., Pretoria Tel: +27 12-342 1978/9

2 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

CLIVIA TERMS AND TERMINOLOGY

[I have lifted with permission the following pieces from the Yahoo Clivia Enthusiasts Group posted by David Banks. Elicited responses from the membership which are not reproduced. Ed] Three common terms used in Clivia circles questioned David Banks - Australia I think it is imperative that we try to use the in the flowers or plants and were essentially correct names and terminology. anthocyanin-free. When selfed, if they were C. _ var. citrina? true albinos if you like, they would replicate themselves from seed all the time – 100%. I have often wondered how valid is the term That would then give some justification to “variety citrina” in the Clivia species C. miniata, the naming of the form. But do we wish to C. gardenii and C. robusta. recognise botanically every colour variation that In orchids, the rules are very clear regarding is expressed within Clivia miniata? I think not. the naming of colour forms. In fact, many Sadly, it appears that some of the plants de- albinistic forms of orchid species have been scribed recently as C. gardenii var. citrina and named and described as forma alba / album/ C. robusta var. citrina are not anthocyanin- albus (depending on the ending of the generic free forms in any case, and perhaps (if it name). was really necessary) these names should The terms subspecies (ssp.) and variety (var.) are only have been applied to such forms, that generally reserved for distinct closely related will reproduce truthfully from selfed seed. and interbreeding populations at the next If they were both orchids, they would have rank below specific rank. Many taxonomists been quickly synonymised under the original even argue that certain subspecies should be species names, as they are nothing more upgraded to specific (species) status. than unusual colour forms that are generally Which firstly brings me to Clivia miniata var. very unstable. I was very surprised that citrina. This cream/ yellow form of the species the taxonomic reviewers (if there were any) was initially a “one-off”” plant, certainly not a let them get through with those names, group or population of similar individuals. In considering both the blushing in the flowers hind sight, it was probably more appropriate and the reddish berries. From a taxonomic that it was given a cultivar name – rather perspective, the original descriptions do not than a varietal name. True varieties and true give enough evidence, and reasoning, for subspecies reproduce truthfully from seed, describing them at varietal level. To argue colour forms (incl. forma) do not. Hence, we the use the term ‘citrina’, because it was can cross a G1 yellow (var. citrina) with a G2 done with C. miniata 100 years ago, holds yellow (var. citrina), and suddenly we have no scientific weight whatsoever. At best, only 100% progeny of the rare orange form of var. the true anthocyanin-free forms of these citrina! In a similar thread, you could cross two closely related species should have been two orange-flowered plants (that had yellow either a cultivar name or described as forma. parentage in their backgrounds) and you As all they are only colour forms, there are could suddenly turn a C. miniata var. miniata no other taxonomic differences. Then there into a C. miniata var. citrina. Yes, it doesn’t is speculation that some of these are really make sense. C. caulescens! The term ‘citrina’ also indicated that the “Floret” yellowish flowers lacked any red pigments Sadly, there is a continuing and growing

3 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 trend on this forum regarding the use of the Could we please make an effort to eliminate term “floret”. this term, and use the correct terms of flower Generally, writers have substituted this name or bloom instead. instead of the more botanically correct use of “Oz nobilis" the term flower or bloom. This is technically Lately, I have seen a return of the invalid and incorrect. confusing name of “Oz nobilis”. One of the dictionary definitions of floret is This is NOT a species or an example of the “A small or reduced flower, especially one C. nobilis species, but an example of the that is part of a larger inflorescence, such common primary hybrid between C. miniata as those of the grasses and plants of the and C. nobilis that was described as Clivia composite family – such as daisies”. You will Crytanthiflora. Sometimes this epithet is spelt NEVER see an example that comes close to with a lower case “c” and in italics with a referring to a Clivia bloom. multiplication sign immediately before. This Clivia blooms are hardly “small or reduced however is again an incorrect use, as such a flowers”. In fact, I believe there is no reason protocol is reserved for natural hybrids. at all to include the word floret within Could we please banish the term “Oz nobilis” discussions on clivias and their flowers. once and for all? &

READERS’ OPINIONS AND VIEWS When is 'Clivia' not a Clivia? 7 – Rosa 'Clivia' Greig Russell – Cape Clivia Club

osa 'Clivia' is a Hybrid Tea rose bred thet published on or after 1 January 1959 by Reimer Kordes (1922-1997 – from must be a word or words in a modern Rthe third generation of the famous language. German family of rose growers and breeders • 17.11. To be establised, cultivar epithets from Holstein) and registered in 1979. Its may not consist solely of common descrip- registration name is KORtag. This rose is tive words in a modern language. described as an orange blend with a strong • 17.13. To be established on or after 1 fragrance, having 30 petals. The foliage is a January 1959, the botanical, common or matte green and the plant blooms in flushes vernacular name of any genus or notho- throughout the season. It was derived from genus of plant may not form a new cultivar the crossing of Mercedes (floribunda, Kordes, epithet. 1974) × [Sonia (hybrid tea, Meilland 1974) × Uwe Seeler (floribunda, Kordes, 1970)]. Article 17.13 says it all. The clonal name of The use of 'Clivia' as a clonal name here, as the rose is inadmissible, the potato too. If well as for the clonal name of the potato one does have a plant you wish to name for discussed in no. 5 of this series, annoys me. a friend called 'Clivia', then you simply add The rules of nomenclature for cultivated the surname – at which point it becomes plants are described in the International Whatevergenus 'Clivia Poggenpoel', and Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, that clears up all the doubt and makes it the current version in use being that of 1995. ad missible. And one must act likewise when Below are some of the significant articles clivias are named for people with floral names from this publication: (eg. Clivia 'Violet Jones'). & • 17.9. To be established, a new cultivar epi- ©2011

4 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 Yellow Flowering Clivia – a Debate on size Piet Theron – Garden Route Clivia Club

n recent years one of the topics that have these attributes and the appreciation of them often evoked a lot of discussion has been vary from person to person I wonder what the Ithe size of plants and flowers and to what majority of members really think, what they purpose one would acquire certain plants. aim for in breeding tendencies and how they There are certainly massive oranges and yellows eventually see their collection to develop. In with large plants, a big head of flowers and South Africa we are blessed in having a wide flowers that measure 10 – 14cm across. As genetic variety available. In later years the influence of improved material being available from overseas has added a new dimension to our breeding efforts. Notably the trend towards more compact and broader leaf plants for a bigger measure of year round appreciation and not only during flowering season. As I see it the very large plants that we have been accustomed to have one big disadvantage = space is a problem. With an ever increasing world population and high density housing becoming the norm, more than ever it stands to reason that the garden of a townhouse will be able to accommodate more compact plants than those standing very tall and proud. This is so necessary if more people are to be put into a situation where they are able to appreciate the plants that we collect, grow breed and cherish. More Compact pigmented stem plants have been available for some time, but it is only recently that green stemmed compact plants have been seen to a larger degree. However, Piet Theron's yellows plants – David and Goliath. they are still very scarce at this stage. &

REGISTERED CLIVIA CULTIVARS Clivia Cultivar Register and Checklist Marilyn Paskert – North American Clivia Society

ast May the Clivia Register and Checklist the project so a star was born: http://www. made its online debut. During the NACS northamericancliviasociety.org/clivia-register.php LConference at Longwood last March there The Clivia Register and Checklist belongs to was much discussion about how many of us the Clivia Society. The only reason the NACS is would like to see the Register with photos and hosting it is because we have almost unlimited easily accessible to the public. The International space on BlueHost.com and it doesn’t cost a Registrar for Clivia, penny more to use a big chunk for the Register/ Ken Smith was present and enthusiastic for Checklist. From the beginning Roger Fisher,

5 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

Clivia Society Yearbook Editor was involved as a Being published in a Clivia Society publication consultant. Since the Register/ Checklist first went can help establish your plant name. Please online Ken Smith has added many photos. If you submit photos of your plant to Roger Fisher at have taken any photos of the plants listed and are [email protected] along with detailed willing to share, please send them to Ken. information about your plant. Photos and stories So, how to register a plant? There is now an selected by the Clivia Society will be printed online form. When you submit the form you in the Clivia Society Yearbooks and quarterly will receive a copy, Ken will receive a copy newsletters. and you will be forwarded instructions where The Register / Checklist is much more than a to send photos of your submission. It is very Clivia registry. There is a wealth of knowledge important to describe the plant you wish to with listings of historical Clivias, common Clivia register in great detail. What makes it unique names, etc. If you feel descriptions are lacking from other named Clivias? Why did you choose please provide Ken with the detailed background the name you selected? Filling out the form does of a plant so that this information can be added. not guarantee registration as there may be a This is the living history of Clivia and we can problem with the name. You can contact Ken at all participate. In forty years many of us will [email protected] with any questions prior be gone but the Register/Checklist will live on. to submitting the registration form online. Please help make it the best it can be. &

NAMED HABITAT CLIVIA CLONES Stories behind the covers – Cunningham Pink Garth Cunningham – New Zealand

he plant was found in 2001 in Eshowe not far from the Dlinza Forest on the farm Twhich I was managing. It was growing in dense bush in very marshy ground with the top 20 % of its roots exposed. I put the plant on Clivia Forum in about 2005 when Francois van Rooyen bought the first one. I had other plants from the same population although none of these bloomed the same colour.

6 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 LESSIS P DU

ILLIE : W HOTO P

Francois van Rooyen has taken all my plants California. I would love to get one of my plants except one which I sold to Geoffery Pomeroy in out to New Zealand some day. &

Cunningham Pink – A question on registering names? Geoffrey Pomeroy – California [Copied from the Yahoo Clivia Enthusiasts site]

have clones/offsets of a number of plants emigrated to New Zealand, or can it be done by that were listed on Ebay or shown on this site anyone who owns a clone? I or the other Forum with specific names, most [Anyone can register a name but if one is to of which are discussed on one or both Forums use the name of a grower or collector it is pro- with those names, but none of them have been bably polite to clear that with the person whose officially registered. name is to be used. The other problem is that if one is registering clonal material sourced Who can register such plants? from elsewhere clones of the same plant may For example, the Cunningham Pink? Does Garth be circulated and bred under different names. Cunningham need to do the paperwork to get Involving the person after who the plant is to be it officially registered, or does that task fall on named may help establish a consistent name for whomever he sold the original plant to when he all clones. Ed]. &

7 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 Luke’s Special Lionel Bester – KZNCC ather and son, Luke Johnson, the father years ago. They have mainly habitat plants in being a manager on a farm in Hilton. They their collection. Fspend as much of their time as possible in The individual flowers are 130 + mm across on wild places. a huge, magnificent umbel. It must be all of Luke found this beauty 10 years ago whilst 400mm wide! hiking with his dad in the wild in Stanger many The petals look like dancing flames. & ESTER B IONELL : L HOTO P

NAMED CLIVIA CLONES C. miniata ‘Griet’ - the Clivia Sakkie Nel – NCC

he berry plant (Mother plant) is a garden plant is completely sterile to its own pollen. collected plant, which a neighbour Mrs. I cross-pollinated Coba in 2000 with my best TCoba Blignault, gave to me from one of yellow, which is a Margot McNeil garden her flowerbeds in 1995.The length of the leaves collected plant from her flowerbed high up in are 450mm and the width are 95 mm.The the Wolkberge of Lekgalameetse Nature Re- umbel is big with bright orange flowers. This serve, near Tzaneen.

8 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

The length of the leaves are 600 mm and the width only 27 mm. The umbel contains only 7 to 9 flowers and is unimpressive, but to me the quality and colour of each flower was some- thing that attracted my attention. Griet flowered the first time in 2006. The photo’s I took then shows that her flowers were exact- ly the same as those of 2009. Unfortunately I cannot report about the flower (if any) for 2007 and 2008.

"Margot McNeil"

I entered Griet in 2009 at the Joburg Show and she won a second price in the section for “any other colour”. At this same show “Corgas – André” (Yellow) won gold in the cut flower Section. After the show I “selfed” Griet and it looks as if I may have a tiny number of seeds. The harvest was ten pips in all, which I gave as a present to 3 South Africans and 7 overseas clivia friends. In 2010 she won double gold at the Northern Clivia Club Show in the section “Any other colour”. &

"Coba Blignaut"

"Griet"

9 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 Clivia miniata ‘Joubert van Wyk’ Marilyn Paskert – NACS

his plant was purchased from Mr Tsuruoka This unique Clivia has very pleasing proportions. by Marilyn Paskert during a trip to Japan in Joubert Van Wyk is a collector/breeder who loves T2007. It has large green throated bronze bronze green throats and this is one of the nicest flowers approx. 8 – 9cm diameter. The striata forms. If Joubert had been on the same trip to variegated leaves are 8 – 9.5cm wide. Flowers Japan he would have seen it first, so naming it are held in a full umbel high above the leaves. for him is his consolation prize. &

10 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

CLIVIA VISITS A Visit to the Netherlands Heidi Nerurkar – Germany

ast year I travelled with Anke and Aart in South Africa in 2010. van Voorst to the Clivia Conference in Aart has a beautiful collection of L Cape Town and we had spent almost the and at home as well as some of his entire time together. Since we got along so well polyploidy Clivias. Luckily for me one of his we decided to meet up together again in the yellow plants was flowering during my stay. future. In March of this year I had planned to go to Belgium and this turned out to be also an excellent opportunity for me to see them again. At the end of the short flight from Stuttgart to Amsterdam both of them were already waiting for me at the airport. We spent a very pleasant evening together at their house in Hillegom talking and reminiscing the great time we had

Yellow polyploidy plant 04-2011 Hortus Botanicus, Kees Sahin Collection 04-2011

11 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

Hortus Botanicus, Kees Sahin Collection 04-2011

On the following day we went to the Hortus Botanicus, the botanical garden of the University Polyploidy Clivia I , 04-2011 of Amsterdam. The Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam was founded in 1683 and therefore is one of the oldest botanical gardens in the world. In fact, they even have a greenhouse only for their Clivias. Kees Sahin – breeder of the Sahin Twins – passed away in 2006 and it is his collection, which is now housed in this conservatory. There is actually not enough space in the narrow greenhouse for this huge collection, but the Clivias don't seem to mind the cramped quarters and are growing nicely.

Polyploidy Clivia II, 04-2011

After enjoying this feast of colours we left the Hortus Botanicus and went to a nursery, where Aart keeps his Clivias. A lot of them were in bloom and I tried to figure out by observing them which plants are polyploids and which are 'normal' Clivias. The polyploids seem to be more colourful and the tepals are thicker, but for ordinary Clivia-people like myself it is not easy to guess which plant is polyploid and which plant shows leathery tepals too and is however just a normal Clivia. On the same day Anke, Aart and I also spent some time in the greenhouses of Royal van Zanten, which started cultivating bulbs in 1862. Today van Zanten produces cutflowers and breeds, selects and produces starting material for professional growers. Aart's profession is plant breeder for Alstroemerias at Royal van Zanten Hortus Botanicus 04-2011

12 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 and he has bred quite a number of varieties, exotic and delicate looking Alstroemerias in an unbelievable range of colours . Next morning the three of us drove to Dynaplant in De Lier. Dynaplant are specialised in the cultivation of Clivias and Zantedeschia (Calla Lily). Their Clivia miniatas are available in the shops from November to the end of April, the Zantedeschias are available all year round. The standard Clivias are supplied in a 13 cm pot with a pot cover or a stick-in label. Peter Varekamp, one of the owners of Dynaplant, was kind enough to show us around in their new two storeyed building, where the ground level is mainly used for packing and labelling of the plants. A table full of green leafed seedlings. The variegated seedlings are removed, because they are very slow growing and therefore are not really suitable for their standard production Royal van Zanten, 04-2011 line. The first floor is unbelievable huge. Dynaplant even produces its own electricity for lighting etc. Below are Anke, Aart and Peter Varekamp looking at some special broadleafed motherplants.

Royal van Zanten, Alstroemeria, 04-2011

Young plants, not flowering yet. Dynaplant, small seedlings, 04-2011 Anke and Aart van Voorst, 04-2011

13 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

Dynaplant, first floor, 04-2011 Dynaplant, ground level, 04-2011

Dynaplant, Anke, Aart and Peter Varekamp, 04-2011

Dynaplant, young plants, 04-2011 Dynaplant, Motherplants III, 04-2011

14 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

Dynaplant, Motherplants I, 04-2011

Dynaplant only cultivates orange Clivias for the in front of a huge sea of orange flowers. Only international market. Each year they harvest 100 one colour – but still beautiful. 000s of seeds from the motherplants. With this incredible sight of orange flowers my To see such a great number of plants flowering short trip to the Netherlands had come to an in the same colour is impressive and standing in end, but of course I left Holland thinking about front of Dynaplant's motherplants is like standing clivias again... &

Dynaplant, Motherplants II, 04-2011

15 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 GROWERS’ AND BREEDERS’ NOTES Some notes on the flowcytometric analysis of Gordon McNeil’s intergenerics Last year in a discussion on Herbertia papers Ian Coates posted the note below.

Gordon McNeil’s intergenerics To support the dubious views of others, I did call them his 'dream' crosses but, if only in taking nearly 40 years so far to flower, there is certainly something different about them. The attached off the rubbish tip is typical. The seed plant shown in this group was planted in 1972. Very slow growing and prone to rust. (But then, that comes to us all with age I guess). Incidentally, there is historic record of another intergeneric cross made by a nursery near my previous home in Cheshire. If I recall correctly, it was made by Clibrams nursery in Altrincham and called 'Cliveucharis'. I was never able to find out more other than the pollen supposedly coming from Amazonica. I am challenging my memory now, but I think it was also recorded by Van Houtte in Belgium. Any ideas? Ian, England

16 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

about 30 pg, (commercial hybrids 45 or 60pg) - Eucharis 32.6 pg So according to the DNA values it is not probable that the plants from Ian are intergeneric hybrids with or Eucharis (or any other species). It is still strange however, that they I offered to check the material flowcytomeric have not flowered after so many years. Also the by a specialised firm (Iribov). With the flow- strange leaf form of no 1 (see picture) adds to cytometer the DNA content of the cells can the questions. be measured. Ian kindly sent me two of his There have been more claims of intergeneric Gordon McNeil hybrids. crosses between members of the amaryllida- Every species has its own DNA value per cell. It’s ceae in the past and in some cases there was is given in picograms (10-12 gram). something about these plants that was not Ben Zonneveld measured the (2C) DNA for the normal to the original species, but they resem- Clivia species (Herbertia 57 2002-2003 page bled in most characteristics the mother plant. It 41-48) could be that pollination with ‘foreign’ pollen Clivia miniata 39.2 triggered growth and some kind of unfertilised Clivia caulescens 38.7 embryo growth (maybe apomictic behaviour or Clivia gardenii 36.4 embryo growth from a chromosome doubled Clivia robusta 35.7 egg cell). The resulting plant could then how- Clivia nobilis 34.7 ever inherit a number of ‘bad or misbehaving’ Clivia mirabilis 31.2 genes by the mother that in this case would not be ‘fixed’ by father genes. This is only specula- The measurement of my material uses a slightly tion and I have not seen a solid case myself. different method, resulting in a little bit lower DNA value. Next step could be to look at the chromosomes (number, analysis according to the methods The mean value (2C) of 21 of my miniata hybrids used by Ran, Hammett and Murray in Annals of is 37.5 pg. Results from the two plants sent Botany 87: 457-462; 823-830. 2001) to see if by Ian: there are chromosomes or parts of chromosomes - Intergenetic no 1 37,7 pg. Intergeneric no not belonging to clivia are present. But I’m afraid 2 (GMx1) (see picture Ian) 37.4 pg I will not find the time and just have to wait till - DNA values of possible fathers used by they flower to get more clues (maybe change of Gor don McNeil: Hippeastrum (species) environment will trigger them). &

17 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 Why micro-propagated ‘Vico’ Clivia plant clones may not be genetically identical? [Edited from a posting on the Yahoo Clivia Enthusiasts Group of an online report posted by the Science Daily (8 Aug 2011) of a new study by a team from Oxford University, UK, and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia, reported in Current Biology]

hile organisms regenerated from clonally related isogenic founders W might have been expected to be pheno typically invariant, the study demonstrates that regenerant Arabidopsis lineages display heritable phenotypic variation. Clonal regenerant plants exhibit poorly under- stood heritable phenotypic variation. The researchers believe that they have found out why there is genetic variability in the case of cloned plants: the genomes of regenerant plants carry relatively high frequencies of new DNA sequence mutations that were not present in the genome of the donor plant. Professor Nicholas Harberd lead author of the paper of the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford observes that: are created. We are planning further research Anyone who has ever taken a cutting from a to find out which of these two processes is parent plant and then grown a new plant from responsible for these mutations. What we can this tiny piece is actually harnessing the ability say is that Nature has safely been employing such organisms have to regenerate themselves. what you might call a 'cloning' process in But sometimes regenerated plants are not plants for millions of years, and that there identical, even if they come from the same must be good evolutionary reasons why these parent. Our work reveals a cause of that visible mutations are introduced. variation. [The above is a transliteration with editorial Using the so-called 'whole genome sequencing' adaptations of an online report by Science DNA sequencing that decodes the complete Daily staff from materials provided by the Uni- genome of an organism in one go, the re- versity of Oxford.] & searchers analysed 'clones' of the small 'thalecress' (Arabidopsis) and observed variations in regenerant plants due to high fre- Journal Reference: quencies of mutations in the DNA sequence Caifu Jiang, Aziz Mithani, Xiangchao Gan, Eric J. of these regenerants, mutations which are not Belfield, John P. Klingler, Jian-Kang Zhu, Jiannis contained in the genome of the parent plant. Ragoussis, Richard Mott, Nicholas P. Harberd. Professor Harberd is quoted as saying: 2011. ‘Regenerant Arabidopsis Lineages Display Where these new mutations actually come a Distinct Genome-Wide Spectrum of Muta- from is still a mystery. They may arise during tions Conferring Variant Pheno types’. Current the regeneration process itself or during the Bio logy. cell divisions in the donor plant that gave rise to http://www.cell.com/current-biology/retrieve/ the root cells from which the regenerant plants pii/S0960982211007718

18 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS

CLIVIA SOCIETY MATTERS THE HERITAGE OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY 2001 TO 2005 Lena van der Merwe – Northern Clivia Club livia Club Newsletter elected from the nominated representatives of 10(2) winter 2001 the constituent Clivia Clubs (branches). C reported on the Annual General Meeting FIRST CLIVIA SOCIETY MANAGEMENT held on 21 May 2001 in COMMITIEE MEMBERS 2001/2002 ELECTED Pretoria. On this day three ON 21 MAY 2001 meetings were held: The Chairman John Winter last AGM of the Clivia Club, Secretary (not elected) Joy Woodward Louis Swanepoel the adoption of the new Vice-Chairman Louis Swanepoel constitution for the Clivia Treasurer Ian Brown Society and the first meeting of the Clivia Society. A new management committee was Office Bearer Sean Chubb

19 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

CONSTITUENT CLIVIA CLUBS (BRANCHES) Cape John Winter Northern Tino Ferero KwaZulu/Natal Sean Chubb INTEREST GROUPS Border Stella van Gass (Chairperson) Lena van der Merwe John van der Linde Eastern Cape Willie van Rensburg (Secretary) The Clivia Club Newsletter Southern Cape Ian Vermaak underwent another name (Chairman) change to Clivia Society Northern Dries Olivier Newsletter 10 (4) summer KwaZulu Natal (Chairman) 2001. In November 2001 Metro Nick Primich the Waterberg Boslelie - klub was formed with OTHER An Jacobs of Modimolle Public Relations Chris Vlok (Nylstroom) at the helm. Bossie de Kock Newsletter Editor Meg Hart

CLIVIA SOCIETY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE MEMBERS 2002 to 2004 Position 2002/2003 2003/2004 Chairman Chris Vlok Chris Vlok Vice-Chairman John van der Linde John van der Linde Secretary Lena van der Merwe Lena van der Merwe Treasurer Bossie de Kock Bossie de Kock Additional member John Winter Ken Smith CLUB REPRESENTATIVES AND (ALTERNATES) Cape Mick Dower, Ian Brown, Mick Dower, Ian Brown, Gert Wiese Gert Wiese Eastern Province Charl Coetzee Willie Ie Roux, Charl Coetzee Northern Louis Swanepoel, Bossie de Kock, Lena van der Merwe, Lena van der Merwe Glynn Middlewick, Bossie de Kock KwaZulu Natal Sean Chubb Sean Chubb REPRESENTATIVES OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS Australia Ken Smith Ken Smith Europe Aart van Voorst New Zealand Keith Hammett United Kingdom Mike Jeans Michael Jeans USA Michael Morri CLIVIA CLUBS CHAIRMAN Cape John Winter John Winter Eastern Province Willie Ie Roux Willie Ie Roux KwaZulu Natal Sean Chubb Sean Chubb Northern Tino Ferero Tino Ferero

20 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

CHAIRPERSONS/CONTACT PERSONS OF CLIVIA INTEREST GROUPS Border Stella van Gass Stella van Gass Free State Clivia Hennie van der Mescht Metro Group Glynn Middlewick Glynn Middlewick Northern KZN Dries Olivier Dries Olivier Southern Cape Ian Vermaak Ian Vermaak Waterberg Boslelieklub An Jacobs An Jacobs Zoutpansberg - Anneke Stroebel OTHERS Public Relations Vacant Vacant Newsletter Editor Meg Hart Meg Hart

the AGM announcing the discovery of Clivia mirabilis. Clivia four (yearbook) published later in that year carried several articles on this discovery. This issue Keith Hammett reported on page 25 the formation by de facto on 11 May 2002 of the now New Zealand Clivia Club when forming a show committee. The third quadrennial conference took place at the Royal Show Grounds, Pietermaritzburg on 6 & 7 September 2002 (Clivia Society Newsletter 11(3)) Clivia enthusiasts from all over the world attended. This was followed by a clivia auction on the Saturday evening where a much sought after yellow C. caulescens fetched a high price. An English translation of “Junzilan Xingpu” (New Spectrum of Clivia) by Guo Wen-Chang was made available to the Clivia fraternity (11(3) page 17) together with the Chinese book by the Northern Clivia Club with James Abel as coordinator. The translation was sold at cost. On the inside back cover the book “Clivias” by Harold Koopowitz with photographs by James Comstock was advertised. “Cinderella has At the AGM of the Clivia Society held at begun to come into her own, and a small but Kirstenbosch, Cape Town on 20 April 2002 enthusiastic group of her breeders worldwide a new executive committee was elected as have brought her out form an undistinguished reported in Clivia Society Newsletter 11(2) of past to a lively present and promising commercial winter 2002. future from the forward by Sir Peter Smithers.” At this same meeting on 20 April 2002 the At a Society meeting held on 6 September 2002, application of the Eastern Cape to become Wessel Lötter, Bill Morris and Alfredo Gibello a constituent Club of the Clivia Society was were elected as honorary life members of the unanimously accepted. The Eastern Province Clivia Society. A special merit certificate was Clivia Club became the fourth constituent club also awarded to Nick Primich as the founder of of the society. the newsletter in 1992. In commemoration of Me. Ferozah Conrad presented a paper at the 10th anniversary of the Clivia Club/Society

21 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

Clivias by Harold Koopowitz James Comstock

ten founder members, chart developed by himself and Claude Felbert who were still members of of the Cape Clivia Club. This newsletter reported the Society in 2002, were on page 21 that the Clivia Society of Australia awarded merit certificates. with Bryan Paten as chairman was formed. In Clivia Society Newsletter December 2004 the Free State Clivia Club 11(4) Sebrina Heroux was became a constituent club of the Clivia listed as the contact person So ciety. in the USA. The Free State Harold Koopowitz Clivia Interest Group announced their birth on page 26 of this issue with Piet Laubscher as management coordinator and in the 12(1) 2003 issue they were listed as an Interest Group. The 2003 AGM was hosted by the Eastern Province Clivia Club and held at Kabega Park School Hall, Port Elizabeth on 17 May 2003. John Winter was replaced by Ken Smith on the executive committee of the Clivia Society (Clivia Society Newsletter 12(2)). Jim Shields reported (12(2) page 26) that the North American Clivia Society are accepting membership applications. On page 5 of Clivia Society Newsletter 12(3) Mick Dower wrote and advertised the colour Nick Primich holding award

22 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

Honorary Life membership certificate Founder member’s certificate

First colour chart 2003

23 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

CLIVIA SOCIETY COMMITTEE MEMBERS 2004 to 2006 Position 2004/2005 Committee 2005/2006 Committee Chairman Chris Vlok Chris Vlok Vice-Chairman John van der Linde John van der Linde Secretary Lena van der Merwe Lena van der Merwe Treasurer Bossie de Kock Bossie de Kock Office Bearer: Ken Smith Ken Smith REPRESENTATIVES OF CONSTITUENT CLIVlA CLUBS Cape Claude Felbert, Felicity Weedon, Claude Felbert, Felicity Weeden, Gert Wiese Coen Calitz Eastern Province Willie Ie Roux, Charl Coetzee Andre Calitz and Gideon Botha Free State - Hennie van der Mescht Garden Route - Gerrie Brits Joburg - Glynn Middlewick KwaZulu-Natal Sean Chubb Sean Chubb Northern Lena van der Merwe, Lena van der Merwe, Peter Lambert, Bossie de Kock Peter Lambert, Bossie de Kock REPRESENTATIVES OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS New Zealand Keith Hammett Tony Barnes USA Michael Morri James Black Australia Ken Smith Ken Smith Europe Aart van Voorst Aart van Voorst UK - Dr Hamish Sloan OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT UK Hamish Sloan - New Zealand - Di Smith CLIVIA CLUBS Cape Clivia Club John Winter John Winter Eastern Province Clivia Club Willie Ie Roux Willie le Roux Free State - Hennie van der Mescht Garden Route - Gerrie Brits Joburg - Glynn Middlewick KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club Sean Chubb Sean Chubb Northern Clivia Club Peter Lambert Peter Lambert

In Clivia Society Newsletter 13(1) 2004 Cobus At the Clivia Society Annual General Meeting Roos was listed as the public relations officer and of 5 June 2004, National Botanical Gardens, Gerrie Brits wrote on page 26 that the Border Pietermaritzburg John Winter was awarded Interest Group underwent a name change to honorary life membership of the Clivia Society Garden Route Interest Group and with the in- in recognition for the work he did on the tention of becoming a constituent clivia club. improvement of clivia breeding at the National

24 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

INTEREST GROUPS Border Interest Group Stella van Gass Stella van Gass Free State Clivia Hennie van der Mescht - Metro Group Glynn Middlewick - Northern KZN Dries Olivier Hottie Human (Chairperson) Garden Route Interest Group Gerrie Brits Lowveld interest group Daan Dekker Daan Dekker Waterberg Boslelieklub An Jacobs An Jacobs Zoutpansberg Anneke Stroebel Anneke Stroebel (Secretary)

EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER Meg Hart Roger Fisher PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Cobus Roos Cobus Roos YEARBOOK EDITORIAL John van der Linde

Botanical Gardens and in collaboration with representatives on the Clivia Society to express other clivia breeders. The executive committee their vote whether the Metro Interest Group was re-elected (Clivia Society Newsletter 13(2) and the Garden Route Interest Group should winter 2004). become constituent clubs of the Clivia Society. In this issue on page 25, Daan Dekker (chair- All members were in favour and they became person) wrote about the establishing of the the fifth and sixth constituent Clivia Clubs of Lowveld Clivia Interest Group in November the Clivia Society. 2003. In volume 14(2) on page 36 Glynn Middlewick In volume 13(3) spring 2004 Di Smith was announced that the newly formed club would added as contact person in New Zealand. be known as Joburg Clivia Club as Metro was In an e-mail of Tuesday, March 29, 2005 not specific to Johannesburg Metro. from the Chairperson, Chris Vlok requested all At the Annual General Meeting of 21 May 2005

Lowveld Clivia Interest Group visit in November 2003

25 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

Black Magic WALLY & JOEY DOVEY Growers & collectors of exotic & rare Clivias Cameron Peach Fresh clivia seed harvested in July 2011 Discounts: - Young clivia collectors get 15% - Orders exceeding R500 also qualify for 15%

Tel/fax: 034 318 4179 (Newcastle) Cell: Interspecific - 083 344 0572 Vuvuzela e-mail: [email protected] 26 www.doveyclivias.com ADVERTISEMENT CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

held at Hoërskool die Wilgers, This book was available by Pretoria Connie and James August 2005. The first 4 Abel and Meg Hart were 000 books were sold within awarded life membership 18 months of publication of the Clivia Society (Clivia resulted in a reprint (Clivia Society Newsletter 14(2) News 16(1) page 3). 2005). Meg was the editor of Clivia Society Newsletter the Clivia Society Newsletter 14(4) 2005 lists John Rode- Sarel Naude for ten years – from Clivia rick as the contact person of Roger Fischer Club 4(5) November 1995 the Border Interest Group and to Clivia Society Newsletter 14(2) of winter announces a new interest group, Overberg Clivia 2005. James was the first chairman of the Clivia Interest Group, headed by Felicity Weedon. Society and he and Connie were instrumental in References habitat visits, the quadrennial conference and the annual shows. Roger Fisher was elected as Newsletters of the Clivia Society from volume 10 editor of the Clivia Society Newsletter and John to volume 18. van der Linde the editor of the Yearbook. E-mails of the Executive committee. Conference proceedings of 2002. Issue 14(2) carried an advertisement of a new publication, Cultivation of Clivias/Kweek van Photographs Clivias by Lena van der Merwe, Hannes Robbertse A hearty thank you goes to members making and Bossie de Kock, of the Clivia Society. I quote photos available. (James & Connie Abel; Pat “The first, full colour book on propagation of Gore, James and Adri Haxton, Peter Lambert clivias, published by the Clivia Society in both and others). & English and Afrikaans, is now available…..”

CLIVI-ARTA - HELEN SANDERS

27 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011 REPRESENTATIVES OF CLIVIA ENTHUSIASTS

& Netherlands Aart van Voorst: Tel: +31 252529679; e-mail: [email protected] & United Kingdom Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] & USA & CANADA William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 14 84 10 48, e-mail: [email protected]

OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

& Australia Ken Smith: Tel: +61 247543287; e-mail: [email protected] & USA & CANADA William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 1484; e-mail: [email protected]

CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS

& Cape Clivia Club Joy Woodward: Cell: +27 72 487 7933; e-mail: [email protected] & Eastern Province André Fourie: Cell: +27 83 386 6803; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club & Free State Clivia Club Piet Laubscher: Cell: +27 73 234 5759/ +27 83 610 2249, e-mail: [email protected] & Garden Route Ida Esterhuizen: Tel: +2744-871 2214; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club & Joburg Clivia Club Glynn Middlewick: Tel: +27 11 4761463; e-mail: [email protected] & KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club Ginny van Rooyen: Cell: +27 82 820 0633; e-mail: [email protected] & Lowveld Clivia Club Maria Grové: Tel: +27 83 475 1176; Fax: +27 86 531 8724(RSA only). e-mail: [email protected] & New Zealand Clivia Club Alick McLeman: Tel: 64 9 5213062; e-mail: [email protected] & Northern Clivia Club Marlene Topham: Tel: + 27 12 542 3693; e-mail: [email protected] & Northern Free State Rachel Maree; (Secretary); Tel: 057 357 6048; Cell: +27 83 257 4801; Clivia Club Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] & Border Interest Group Glenn Miles: Tel: +27714217812; Fax: 086 6577 892 (RSA only); Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] & Northern KwaZulu-Natal Lieb Swiegers: Cell: +27 83 293 5268 Interest Group & Overberg Clivia Felicity Weeden: Tel: +27 84 5898 297; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group & Waterberg Clivia Ans Jacobs: Cell: +27 82 372 0765; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group & Highway Interest Group Mike Callaghan: Cell: +27 83 651 0937; e-mail: [email protected] & Ngome, Vryheid Louis Lotter: Cell: +27 78 100 4883; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group & Dundee Clivia Peter: Tel: 034 212 5882 Interest Group 28 The Clivia Society: Management details www.cliviasociety.org MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE: 2010 Chairman: Christo Topham: Mobile: +27 82497 5879 e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Lena van der Merwe: PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040 Tel & Fax: +27 12 804 8892, e-mail: [email protected] Vice-Chairman: Francois van Rooyen: Mobile: +27 76 487 0300; e-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Member: Johan Spies: Mobile: +27 83 652 6130, e-mail: [email protected] INTERNATIONAL CONTACT PERSONS Australia: Ken Smith: 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee. NSW 2777. Tel: +61 24 754 3287, e-mail: [email protected] New Zealand: Tony Barnes (Representative): e-mail: [email protected] Alick McLeman: (Correspondence) e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Europe: Aart van Voorst: Tel: +031 25 252 9679, Frederik Hendriklaan 49, HillegomTE 2181, Netherlands. e-mail: [email protected] USA & Canada: William McClelland (Correspondence): Bolin Ave., Camarillo, Ca93010-4708, USA, Tel: 1 805 484 1484 1048, e-mail: [email protected] PORTFOLIOS Newsletter & Yearbook Roger Fisher: Mobile: +27 83 602 7736 Lead Editor: e-mail: [email protected] Yearbook Editor: Roger Dixon: Mobile: +27 824575174 e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Public Relations Officer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415 e-mail: [email protected] Standards and Judging: Koos Geldenhuys: Mobile: +27 83 442 4487 e-mail: [email protected] Registrar for named Ken Smith: Tel: +61 24 754 3287 Clivia cultivars: e-mail: [email protected] Research: Prof. Johan Spies: e-mail: [email protected] Mobile: +27 83 652 6130, P O Box 17195, Bainsvlei, 9338 RSA Webmaster: Gideon Scheepers: e-mail: [email protected]

CLIVIA CLUBS Cape, Eastern Province, Free State, Garden Route, Joburg, KwaZulu-Natal, Lowveld, New Zealand, Northern and Northern Free State INTEREST GROUPS Border, Northern KwaZulu-Natal, Overberg, Waterberg, Highway, Ngome, Vryheid and Dundee CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3 & JULY - SEPTEMBER 2011

30 ISSN 1819-1460

& QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY&

VVOLUMEO L U M E 2200 NNUMBERU M B E R 4 & OOCTOBERC T O B E R - DDECEMBERE C E M B E R 220110 1 1 The Clivia Society www.cliviasociety.org The Clivia Society caters for Clivia enthusiasts throughout the world. It is the umbrella body for a number of constituent Clivia Clubs and interest Groups which meet regularly in South Africa and elsewhere around the world. In addition, the Society has individual members in many countries, some of which also have their own Clivia Clubs. An annual Yearbook and quarterly News letters are published by the Society. For information on becoming a member and / or for details of Clivia Clubs and Interest Groups contact the Clivia Society secretary or where appropriate, the International Contacts, at the addresses listed in the inside back cover.

The objectives of the Clivia Society 1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of conservation; 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by: 3.1 The exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 3.2 Where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and 3.3 The mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination thereof amongst constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; and 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the above- mentioned objectives.

More information on the Clivia Society available on www.cliviasociety.org

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Clivia Society or the editor. CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011 Table of Contents

& CLIVIA NEWS Inner Front Cover & EDITORIAL Roger Fisher 2 & IN MEMORIAM A tribute to Nick Primich - Tino Ferero – Northern Clivia Club 3 & CLIVIA SOCIETY MATTERS 3 Clivia Society Annual General Meeting - Paul Kloeck 4 & CLIVIA RESEARCH Building the Clivia puzzle - Johan Spies 5 & CLIVIA NOTES & MUSINGS When is 'Clivia' not a Clivia? 8 – Clivia, an operetta in three acts - Greig Russell 7 & HABITAT CLIVIA Clivia mirabilis - Ian Coates 8 & CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS Toowoomba Clivia Society Inc. Clivia Show - Brian Stephens 10 First Clivia Expo For Melbourne - Helen Marriott 11 & CLIVIA SOCIETY MATTERS The heritage of the Clivia Society: 2006 to 2010 - Lena van der Merwe 16 & CLIVI-ARTA - Helen Sanders 24 & ADVERTISEMENT - WALLY & JOEY DOVEY 24 & ADVERTISEMENT - HILTON CLIVIA'S 25 & THE CLIVIA SOCIETY 26 & Inner Back Cover

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The Clivia Society Newsletter started as a black on white news-sheet dated July 1992, numbered Volume 1 number 1, called 'Clivia Club'. It formed a means of communication for people interested in the plant genus Clivia. It was edited/written by Nick Primich with a frequency of 3, 5, 8 & 5 during the first 4 years, using the publication month in the volume. The frequency was fixed on four annually with Vol. 5 No 1 of March 1996. The date changed to the southern hemisphere seasons with Vol. 8 No 1 of Autumn 1999. The first three used yellow paper as cover. The name changed to 'CLIVIA CLUB NEWSLETTER' with Vol. 9 No 1 Autumn 2000 with full colour photos on the cover pages. Another name change to 'CLIVIA SOCIETY NEWSLETTER' came with Vol. 10 No 4 Summer 2000, and in 2005 reverted to a quarterly number. CLIVIA NEWS is the continuation of this series.

1 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

EDITORIAL

e’ve bustled into 2012 and I’m not yet done with the business of 2011, W this last Newsletter included. Fréda van Wyk, layout artist for the ‘Clivia News’, has given up her family home and moved to something more suited to her present circumstances. We wish her all joy and happiness in her new home. The making of the newsletter is a team effort and it needs all the cogs to turn to get it to press and delivered to your homes. The odd spanner gets into the works from time to time and Freda’s life changes have come with their own little dramas of builders and delays. Luckily although he always insisted on being given those who have Clivia as a hobby have the gift enough time to perfect it. All are missed but in of patience and I thank you all for yours. I hope a spirit of gratitude for their legacy. the Newsletter and Yearbook (which should We present the final episode of Lena van der arrive together) were worth the wait. Merwe’s the ‘Heritage of the Clivia Society’, The year 2011 brought its own losses. This was while even as it enters the annals new episodes the year I lost some of the important men in are being written. The year 2011 was one of my life – my father died on Easter Friday after new endeavours – in this issue we read of the an op to repair a fractured femur. His death first Clivia Expo in Melbourne. was quick and comfortable and his life was The Lowveld Clivia Club, my new Clivia home, full and rich. He was still playing the piano at will be hosting the Clivia Society AGM in church on Sundays at the age of 85! Johannes May – the 20th as the Society celebrates its van der Walt, who I considered my sage, died 20th Anniversary in June. The preliminary at the age of 86. He was a world renowned programme is published in this issue. The mycologist associated with the CSIR, University organisers need a quick response so as to be of Pretoria and the University of the Free State able to make arrangements. Please be pro- and the Vrije Universiteit of the Netherlands. active and immediately give Maria Grové a He came of the old academic tradition, being call if you wish to partake in the activities and versed in both classical Greek and Latin. When tours. not naming and describing new yeasts, he Since the numbers of the Clivia News volumes advised on botanical nomenclature. He was changes with the new year, the next is the a stickler for purism, insisting that names be 21st. either entirely, and preferably, from the Greek, All reasons to celebrate the Society and its or Latin but not have these languages mixed future in 2012. between genus and species. Then there was Clivia greetings. & Fred van Niekerk, one of my Clivia confidants. Mick Dower was an acquaintance but always Roger Fisher ready to write on a Clivia topic when asked, Editor – Clivia News

EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER ROGER FISHER: PO Box 1039, White River, 1240, Republic of South Africa &Tel: +27 83 602 7736&Fax: 086 515 0710 (RSA only) &E-mail: [email protected] PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER SAKKIE NEL: PO Box 35235, Menlo Park, 0120 &Tel: +27 12 361-6415&E-mail: [email protected] YEARBOOK EDITORIAL ROGER FISHER: PO Box 1039, White River, 1240, Republic of South Africa &Tel: +27 83 602 7736&Fax: 086 515 0710 (RSA only) &E-mail: [email protected] &DESIGN & LAYOUT FRÉDA VAN WYK: +27 82 468 8485 &PRINTING CPD Graphics (Pty) Ltd., Pretoria Tel: +27 12-342 1978/9

2 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

IN MEMORIAM

A TRIBUTE TO NICK PRIMICH TINO FERERO – Northern Clivia Club On 5 January 2012, some could come and fetch it. members of the Clivia Society After a round trip of 120km, received the following SMS: I returned with two nodules “Nicholas William Primich of pollen with the following died from a heart attack advice: “You can get very in his sleep in Phalaborwa. far with such pollen. Use it 16 January 1933 – 25 Sep- carefully.” tember 2011. He once gave me a mature Daughter Dianne Drake.” clivia plant. When I asked him what plant it was, first met Nick Primich at he replied: “I’ve lost the a meeting of members tag and I don’t know. At of the Clivia Club at the I least you will call it a Nick home of James and Connie Primich.” I still have the Abel in 1995. Even at that plant in my collection – a beautiful dark stage Nick was regarded as quite a legend orange green throat. by newcomers to the Clivia Club. This was the beginning of a close friendship that Nick had three different lines of yellows: lasted for a long time until Nick eventually A high quality line, a lesser quality line and a sold his clivia collection and moved from rather poor garden variety line. When I asked Roodepoort. him why he kept the latter two lines, his Much has already been written in the Clivia reply was that he sold seed, and that he had publications about Nick Primich and the to provide R5 and R10 seeds not only R15 very pivotal role he played in establishing seeds, since some growers could not afford the Clivia Club. This need not be repeated the more expensive seeds. here, except to say that if it was not for Nick Nick will not only be remembered for his and the dream he had and the personal contribution to the creation of the Clivia effort he put in, one wonders whether such Club, but will be remembered by many clivia a successful Club would ever have come to enthusiasts both in South Africa and world fruition. wide for the beautiful clivias he bred. Many Nick had built up a relationship with some of his pastels, bronzes and red green throats of the very top clivia growers in the world, still grace our collections. including Yoshi Nakamura from Japan and In the earlier formative years of the Clivia Bill Morris and Kevin Walters from Australia. Club, I often visited Nick for advice and They had exchanged seed and Nick built up guidance. He made a mean sandwich that one of the finest clivia collections in South he called a “toebie” and I treasure the Africa. memories of those special times with him His philosophy with clivias was to help other and his wife. growers wherever he could. Pollen from Nick should be remembered as the father his collection was always available to other of the Clivia Club, his love for clivias and for growers, but he worked very sparingly with helping so many enthusiasts to improve and such pollen. I would phone him when I enhance their clivia collections. needed specific pollen and he would say I “Totsiens” to a great clivia friend. &

3 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

CLIVIA SOCIETY MATTERS

LAEVELD CLIVIA KLUB / LOWVELD CLIVIA CLUB P O Box 7632, NELSPRUIT, 1206 Secretary: Maria Grové) Cell phone 083 475 1176 E-mail address: [email protected] 21 November 2011 Lena van der Merwe Secretary, Clivia Society Dear Lena, CLIVIA SOCIETY ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING We hereby forward a few proposals for the Clivia Society AGM for your consideration. Please forward to your committee members for comments and suggestions before finalisation. I shall discuss this with our members at our closing function this weekend and maybe we can finalise everything next week. Regards, Paul Kloeck Chairman, Lowveld Clivia Club Our proposal is as follows: Clivia Society Annual General Meeting

We could make use of this opportunity to visit various caulescens and miniata habitat locations and propose as a preliminary programme the following: DAY ACTIVITIY Thursday Arrive and take up accommodation. (Bundu Lodge would appear to be the most 17 May 2012 practical and affordable accommodation. It is conveniently located on the R40 between Nelspruit and White River. We attach info in this respect. Please note rates are valid till 29 February 2012. Delegates are responsible for their own reservations. Friday 06:30 to 17:00 - Mariep’s Kop: Full day trip to Northern Drakensberg (Blyde 18 May 2012 National Park) to view tens of thousands of caulescens in habitat with no fewer that 20 sites where several caulescens are growing naturally in trees. In addition the species diversity of fynbos in the Blyde National Park protected area exceeds that of Cape Point National Park. Transport can possibly be provided by LCC members who will also obtain the required permits to enter the State Forests and Blyde River Protected area. Approximate costs will be R200 per person including transport, entrance permits to both parks, refreshments and lunch. (alcohol for own account)

4 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

DAY ACTIVITIY

Saturday 08:00: Visit collections of Chris Welgemoed/Neethling du Toit, Annette and 19 May 2012 Johann Rademeyer, Greg Jones (Entabeni – Heritage Site), Attie le Roux, Paul Kloeck etc. 11:00: Tour of Lowveld National Botanical Gardens (LNBG) by Willem Froneman – Besides the numerous Clivia species, Willem who has spent 26 years at the LNBG is an expert on cycads, aloes, indigenous trees etc. 13:00: Finger Lunch at Educational Centre of LNBG. 14:00: AGM starts at LNBG Educational Centre.(Approximate costs R45,00 per delegate for use of LNBG facilities 18:00 till late: Dinner at Kazuri Restaurant in the Botanical Gardens. This restaurant Overl overlooks the Crocodile River cascades and is a spectacular spot. . Should time allow it during the AGM, we could request Knittex to give a short presentation on their shade net trial at Clivia Kingdom. Sunday 07:30: Visit to Bearded Man to view Clivia miniata, caulescens and nimbicola 20 May 2012 in habitat. Short presentation by Stephen van der Linde on miniata flowers of Bearded Man. Transport, lunch and refreshments provided by LCC members. Approximate costs R150 per person.

Members must please advise well in advance if they are interested in any of the tours (as in directly after reading this!). Once we have an idea of numbers we will be able to plan accordingly. &

CLIVIA RESEARCH Building the Clivia puzzle

Johan Spies (Department of Genetics, UFS, Bloemfontein) – Convenor of the Research Committee of the Clivia Society

rowing Clivia and discovering the Breaking Virus was present in the affected ‘secrets’ of this beautiful plant com- plants. To put scientific proof to this hypo- Gpares with building a puzzle. Contrary thesis, another plant must be infected with to images seen on Television or scenes from the virus and if the same symptoms should Hollywood, research is a very time consu- develop, you have proof and the results may ming process. Quite often 80% of the results then be published. It is five years later and in are obtained within a month to three months spite of all our efforts we could not re-infect but the final proof may take years to find. another plant. So no publication yet, or to Let’s look at an example: in 2006 we observed put it in other terms: no money received for a virus in the God’s Window population a lot of effort1. of Clivia caulescens and to a lesser extent We observed with other diseases that you in some other populations. Within three have to duplicate the right environmental months we determined that Tulip Colour conditions to successfully infest a Clivia with

1In a simplified way it can be said that South Africa scientists receive their research money from publishing. So no publication leads to no money for further research.

5 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011 a particular disease. The easiest way to do this damaged tissue. The majority of Clivia grow- would be to infect a plant with the disease in ers usually vehemently deny the possibility nature, where the exact conditions are avail- of any physical damage! Scar tissue is often able for full scale development of the disease. formed after insect damage. Many growers Even a scientist with a low sense of ethical describe the little brownish raised dots (pus- behaviour will cringe at such a suggestion. tules) as rust. No rust fungus has ever been This will be an invitation to disaster! So we identified in these pustules. These pustules prefer to do ethical research in spite of a lack are formed through scar tissue formation of funds. after damage caused by sucking . The aim of this paper is to give a quick over- Similarly many growers look at secondarily view of the research conducted by my team. derived symptoms and consider them to be We are working on the following broad the main disease. This lead to the description fields: diseases, fertilization, growing condi- of diseases unknown to science for ‘leaf tip die tions, breeding, formation of leaf colour and back’, where the latter is usually only a reflec- variegation, identification of cultivars and the tion of the health of your plants roots! Die relationships between different populations. back of the leaf tips is usually a result of root We did a bit on insects but this topic needs rot, except in plants genetically inclined to this further investigation. phenomenon, such as Natal Yellow.

1. Diseases 2. Fertilization VIRUSES Fertilization experiments with a plant like We are still working on the Tulip Colour Clivia are extremely difficult because the plant Breaking Virus and the Tobacco Mosaic Virus takes so long to react to treatment (reaction and will report as soon as we get proof. Test occurs in second year). The growing condi- for a virus infection: scientific tests are rather tions also influence the effect of the fertiliza- expensive; in general if a plant reacts posi- tion. In addition, one fertilizer improves plant tively to fertilization (lose the chlorotic [yellow] growth (leaves) but may reduce the number regions) it was not a virus. of flowers formed; or it may contribute to more viable seeds being formed. The genetic BACTERIA background of the plant also contributes to Crown rot is suspected to be caused by a bac- its reaction to fertilizer. To do any experiment terium. This bacterium has not been identified of this nature you should start with genetically yet. The main reason for this is the presence similar plants and they should receive different of a multitude of different bacteria in the rot- treatments under the same conditions over ting zone. different seasons. At least 90 plants (same FUNGI clone and similar size) are needed to do such a The main culprits are Fusarium (root rot) and controlled experiment. At this stage we tested Cholitotricum (brown leaf spot). Both diseases various organic fertilizers and none were can be controlled by cultivation practises and statistically superior to commercially available better results are obtained this way than (and cheaper) 3:1:5 slow release fertilizer. through chemical treatment (use of fungi- Tests on the influence of fertilization on dis- cides). A multitude of different fungi are ease susceptibly are currently under way. described in the popular scientific Clivia litera- ture and chat groups but no scientific proof 3. Growing conditions for any of these have been obtained. Once again it is a very difficult subject to STRUCTURAL DAMAGE study scientifically. Factors like temperature The overwhelming majority of leaves send to and humidity will influence the shading and me contain structural/physical damage with watering regime. Results already obtained maybe a secondary fungal infection of the indicate that the correct growing conditions

6 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011 will eliminate certain diseases. Contrary to mendelian inheritance, more generations and the early publications on Clivia where it was consequently proportionally more plants are mentioned time and again that the soil should needed to determine the exact mode of dry out completely before watering again, we inheritance. discovered that this is the best stimulus for Traits included in our study are leaf length and root rot development! width, petal form and width, flower form and Similarly brown leaf spots can be avoided by shape, flower colour, cold tolerance and leaf increasing ventilation and watering in the variegation. morning rather than the evening. 4. Leaf variegation 4. Breeding Preliminary studies immediately indicated that A prerequisite for breeding programmes is leaf variegation is more complex than believed knowledge of the characters and their mode by growers. It is not merely a case of maternal of inheritance. The first step is making crosses inheritance. Next year (2012) we are start- in both directions to determine whether any ing a new project on DNA level to determine maternal influences exist. The hybrids pro- the specific mechanism of variegation. When duced are all self-pollinated and all seeds are the mechanism is known, it will be tested by grown. making specific crosses and eventually we will The ratios of plants with different traits are look at ways to manipulate plants to become then calculated. So on average 10 years are variegated. needed to produce results. With traits where many genes are involved it may even take 5. Flower colour longer to determine the number of genes involved. Then you get setbacks! After eight This part of our research is progressing quite years one very cold spell destroyed a whole well. The whole process of colour formation project on the inheritance of leaf width in in Clivia flowers should be resolved within the Clivia! next 10 years. The determination of the genes One thing soon became clear during our involved in colour formation is the easy part. study: very few (if any) genes in Clivia are However, the whole process is complicated by inherited in a normal mendelian fashion. The various other genes influencing the expres- majority of genes are inherited in a polygenic sion (intensity) of the colour genes. Effective fashion (many genes contribute to the same manipulation of the colour genes lay far in the trait) or they function in an epistatic fashion future with current techniques. (one gene influences the working of another). So instead of the approximately 100 offspring 6. Cultivar identifi cation and relation- needed to grow to maturity with normal ships among populations &

CLIVIA NOTES & MUSINGS When is 'Clivia' not a Clivia? 8 – Clivia, an operetta in three acts Greig Russell – Cape Clivia Club

f you had asked me a few weeks ago, for having ever heard of Nico Dostal (1895–1981) the prize of a million rand, which Austrian before. He also composed film music. 1933 Icomposed the operetta, Clivia, I would be celebrated the first performance of Clivia, the just as poor now as I ever was. I can't admit to most successful of his 24 operettas.

7 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

Here is the synopsis of the plot: ACT 1: Patterton, a shady American financial magnate with interests in the South American country, Boliguay, is thwarted in his plans following a revolutionary overthrow of the government by one General Olivero. Patterton uses the cover of a film crew to attempt to enter the country, but it is proclaimed that only Boliguayans may get work permits. He thus plans on getting his gorgeous leading lady, one Clivia Gray, to 'marry' a local, at which time, the entire film crew would get permission to enter the country. She 'marries' one Juan Damigo. ACT 2: The crew now moves into a top-class hotel in Clivia Opera image of a record cover of a version Boliguay, where Patterton commences with of the operetta Clivia. The record was bought by his plans to have, in its turn, the revolutionary a clivia-grower in Australia through e-Bay from government overthrown. Clivia and Juan, in Barbados, and given to John van der Linde. the meantime, start falling in love for real and then we discover that Juan is in fact Olivero, the Ja, well, no, fine. Acting President of the Republic, and Patterton Anyone who is familiar with any Germanic and his crew, including Clivia, are thrown into operetta, such as the works of Franz Lehár jail for their plot against the Revolution. (1870-1948 – who was actually Hungarian), ACT 3: will feel completely at home with Clivia. The Later, back at the Presidential Palace, Olivero best known aria, Ich bin verliebt, sung by Clivia can not keep Clivia from his mind. He decides herself, is a very pleasant piece, which you can to allow her, together with Patterton, to escape, experience on Youtube – and I would certainly and then see what happens. Clivia turns to suggest you listen to the version sung by Olivero, telling him how Patterton has tricked the superlative Anneliese Rothenberger (1926– her, and how she now wants to make the 2010), it is magnificently performed. marriage real. The operetta ends to the cheers In 1954, a film of the operetta was made, of the people for the President and his future directed by Karl Anton, with Claude Farell (a First Lady. woman) in the title role. &

HABITAT CLIVIA Clivia mirabilis Ian Coates - 11 Coker Hill, Yeoville, England A presentation to the Fith Quadrenial Clivia Society Conference

ast year I visited all the known Clivia surprising thing is that there are apparently mirabilis habitat sites. For some of these so few sites. The four major known ones Lsites it was a return visit for me, which are within a ten mile strip to the south of enabled some interesting comparisons to be Nieuwoudsville. They are becoming increasingly made. There are rumours of the discovery of well known because of specialist tours to them further sites over 50 miles to the south, but and because one is on a hiking trail. They these have not been confirmed. Perhaps the vary in size from just a few thousand square

8 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

metres up to several hectares. Although all are below the escarpment on steep ground with sub-tropical thicket, each has its own characteristics. Together with others I have to wonder, why so few sites? The existing habitats show differences in the amount of cover, their altitude, the direction faced and the surrounding vegetation. Such conditions seem to be present for hundreds of miles of escarpment, so why does just a handful have C. mirabilis sites? The weather on the sites also surprised me. Having been led to believe that even a little water in summer would be the death of my pot grown Mirabilis. With the flowers in full bloom, I have found the sites in mist, with light showers and even with continual moderate rainfall. The rhizomous roots in some cases have been in saturated clay and yet the plants look very healthy. Some areas will be quick drying be- cause of the nature of the site, but not all. Many areas have a covering of moss due to the high moisture levels. Clearly, we still have a lot to learn about these habitats and the conditions Clivia mirabilis habitat. tolerated by the plants.

Typical Clivia mirabilis habitat. Underneath the thicket.

9 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

I should not have been surprised to see the variety of flower colour. This is apparent in all other Clivia species so it should be expected with C. mirabilis also. I had been precon- ditioned to expect just the most common red flowers and my lack of previous knowledge showed the limited amount of research and publication there has been. I was delighted to find that the reds varied from very pale to a deep, rich shade. The darker colours tend to be in the areas subject to more direct sunlight.

10 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

There were also pastels and yellows although both of these were ex- tremely rare. The number of flowers found in an umbel varied from as lit- tle as 24 up to an impressive 74. The leaves are variable. A pale median stripe is a distinctive feature, as is a retuse tip although some leaves have neither feature. There are a large number of each variant and it Variegation is to be found but is extremely rare. is not uncommon to find all three features on All in all, C. mirabilis does not appear different the same plant. This mixture is not solely due to to the other species in the variety it can produce. the age of the leaf. The leaf length can vary from The future seemed secure for all but one site. little over one foot to over six feet in length. The Here many buds were being eaten before the largest plants were found in areas noticeably flowers had even opened. high in nutrients which would appear Those that did to account for at least some of their form were then impressive size. The lower portions of taken by scav- the leaves and, usually, the peduncle engers or else have a distinctive magenta pigmenta- failed to ger- tion although this is not present on minate in the those which flower yellow or pastel. difficult condi- tions. Just one single seedling, about two years old, was found on the entire site. Consider then that the plants are slow to grow and mature, and that it must sur- vive for another twelve to fif- teen years or so before it can produce seed of its own. Times are hard indeed. My sincere thanks to all those who helped to arrange my visits and to the landowners. &

11 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011 CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS Toowoomba Clivia Society Inc. Clivia Show Brian Stephens – Toowoomba, Australia

he show was held between September 16 The Toowoomba show must be the only show to 23 in absolutely beautiful Toowoomba in the Clivia world held for a full week. Although T Spring weather, with record crowds and some of the flowers were wilting at the end of record takings. the show, most held up well. &

A general view of the Toowoomba Show with display board. TEPHENS S RIAN : B Bill Morris, well-known Clivia grower, a visitor HOTOS

from New South Wales; Kevin Larsen, Nick Ferero, P and Ian Anderson of Anderson Peach fame. Tino Ferero and Brian Larson.

12 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011 First Clivia Expo For Melbourne Helen Marriott - Melbourne Clivia Group, Australia

t three years of age, the committee been more informal but it was an excellent of the Melbourne Clivia Group (MCG) start for a club with a relatively small number A decided that the timing was right to of active members. organize our first big public event. A little Given that members of the MCG are geo- unsure of our ability to mount a full-blown graphically spread throughout Melbourne and “show”, we settled upon the label of CLIVIA regional areas, we limited the effort to one day. EXPO and, accordingly, planned for a display Gratefully, our careful planning was facilitated of plants in conjunction with a variety of by drawing upon the experiences of other other activities such as displays of posters groups in Toowoomba, New Zealand and and photos, demonstrations of seed sowing, South Africa. Furthermore, the meeting prior pollination and division of plants, sales of to CLIVIA EXPO was a workshop on displaying plants and seeds, as well as walking tours of plants, based on notes especially prepared for the display. Held on 24 September, 2011, a us by Felicity Weeden. The pooling of expertise total of 106 plants were exhibited, along with from both the CLIVIA EXPO committee and many individual flowers and some flowering the membership at large resulted in a well-co- umbels. ordinated and excellent day. The main C. miniata flowering season com- What was unexpected was that the hall filled menced early here this year, but just the same up quickly and remained a buzz of activity we were able to assemble enough plants to all day. We were keen for the event to be as justify the event. In comparison with the other beneficial and enjoyable to members as to non- well-established Clivia shows, ours may have member visitors, and from our observations of

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Free entry was pro- vided and thus the raffle provided a small source of income. Three draws were staged over the day for a total of six plant prizes which consisted of donations from members of four flowering Clivia and two special seedlings. It was a surprise to many of us that the plant selected by the first winner was an orange with a small flower (which we con sidered not at all special) but which was a mature plant with offsets – so perhaps the choice was one of quantity over quality. Apricot-Queen' - The People's-Choice winner. Two flowering yellow Clivia were the next plants chosen, leaving a nice, first flowering peach and the two the enthusiasm of the former in viewing the seedlings (a Tiger pattern/variegate, and a diverse range of display plants and flowers Kevin Walters-bred centre Akebono). Whereas and seeing the networking which took place the first three plants were selected by visitors, throughout the day of the latter, I am sure the fourth winning ticket owner, who was that members’ participation was positive. In a MCG member, chose the small Akebono particular, we were excited to welcome some seedling, leaving the peach and Tiger for the interstate (including Toowoomba) members third and final raffle draw. Happily, the peach and visitors to our event. was selected by Irmgard, the thirteen-year- I expect that many members of the public were old daughter of our Secretary, Erika van de extremely surprised to see the diverse range of Spuy. Irmgard had helped all day with the Clivia flower shapes, sizes and colours, since refreshments and some of us were relieved few would be familiar with the remarkable that the peach (a very promising first flower of developments which have taken place in Clivia a Nakamura yellow x ‘Chubb Peach’) found a breeding in recent times. Although three seed good home. sowing and two pollination demonstrations Also, luckily, the final seedling went back were scheduled throughout the day, from the to Toowoomba with another member who beginning to end the demonstration table visited that day. These events made me reflect was inundated with visitors seeking basic upon the fact that the colour we commonly knowledge, particularly of how to grow Clivia describe as peach, as found in the colouration from seed. of the ‘Chubb Peach’ hybrids, does not seem Photos taken by George Simmler can be viewed to be noticed by members of the public who on the gallery of the MCG’s website: http:// are unfamiliar with Clivia. I have observed www.melbournecliviagroup.org.au/gallery. this phenomenon before and the raffle event html seemed to confirm this observation.

14 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

Seed-sowing demonstration. Demonstrating dividing clivia.

A pleasing 181 entries were lodged by mem- and hence constitutes valuable data allowing bers and visitors in the Peoples’ Choice com- us to evaluate the effectiveness of our various petition, with Brenda Girdlestone’s ‘Apricot publicity activities. The stand-out drawcard for Queen’ (a hybrid bred by David Banks) scoring 40% of the respondents was a feature article the most (28) nominations. Peoples’ reasons on Clivia which appeared in The Age newspaper for nominating this plant included, “colour”, that morning and which included a mention of “beautiful”, “flower size”, “apricot and gold”, our event, followed by an announcement on “stunning”, “health”, “petal edge”, “pastel the gardening section of a radio station on watercolour”, “clean”, “shape”, “leaf shape”, the same morning. The next most important “height”, “contrast”, “strength” and “subtle”. sources were word of mouth/MCG member, Of the 181 entries, 48 plants actually attracted our website, flyers, other garden shows and peoples’ votes, indicating a wide spread of so on. Interestingly, “wife” was given as the interest in the Clivia on display. reason for one visitor’s attendance, as was The same Peoples’ Choice form elicited “wife made me” for another. people’s source of knowledge of the event Undoubtedly, other groups have much more experience and expertise in organizing Clivia shows, but our inaugural Melbourne event went well because of careful planning and good teamwork from the CLIVIA EXPO organising committee in conjunction with many other members. We now look forward to 2012 and the next CLIVIA EXPO, planned for Saturday 22 September, when we believe we can make it an even better event. &

Visitors studying the plants.

15 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011 CLIVIA SOCIETY HISTORY THE HERITAGE OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY 2006 TO 2010 Lena van der Merwe – Northern Clivia Club

brief explanation on page one of Clivia In Clivia News 15(2) on page 20 the Post Office News 15(1) 2006 pointed out that poster advertising the new series of stamps A the now Clivia News is a continuation depicting clivia artwork of the six known species of the previous Clivia Society Newsletter. was reprinted. The publication now changed to a full colour one. Sakkie Nel wrote in 15(1) on page 18 that on 6 September 2006 on the first day of the International Clivia Conference to be held in Pretoria, the South African Postal Authority will issue a set of six stamps with Clivia artwork; all six will be standard postage tariff (R 1-85). On the back cover page stamps from different countries depicting clivias were reprinted. Willie le Roux an- nounced the end of his term as Chairperson of the Eastern Province Clivia Club on page 3 of this issue.

16 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

CLIVIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS 2006 to 2008 Position 2006/2007 COMMITTEE 2007/2008 COMMITTEE Chairman Chris Vlok Johan Spies Vice-Chairman John van der Linde Peter Lambert Secretary Lena van der Merwe Lena van der Merwe Treasurer Bossie de Kock Bossie de Kock Office Bearer Ken Smith Chris Vlok REPRESENTATIVES OF CONSTITUENT CLIVIA CLUBS Cape Claude Felbert, Claude Felbert, Gerrit van Wyk, Gerrit van Wyk, Johan Schoombee Johan Schoombee Eastern Province Andre Calitz, Andrè Calitz, Elroy Johnson & Willie le Roux & Gideon Botha Wimpie Maas Free State Hennie van der Mescht Hennie van der Mescht Garden Route Gerrie Brits Piet Theron Joburg Glynn Middlewick Glynn Middlewick & Koos Geldenhuys & Koos Geldenhuys KwaZulu-Natal Sean Chubb & Liz Boyd Sean Chubb & Liz Boyd Northern Lena van der Merwe, Lena van der Merwe, Peter Lambert, Peter Lambert, Bossie de Kock Bossie de Kock Louis Chadinda REPRESENTATIVES OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS New Zealand Tony Barnes Tony Barnes Australia Ken Smith Ken Smith Europe Aart van Voorst Aart van Voorst USA James Black Jim Shields UK Dr Hamish Sloan Jaco Nel OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION New Zealand Di Smith Alick McLeman USA William McClelland CLIVIA CLUBS Cape John Winter John Winter Eastern Province André Calitz André Calitz Free State Hennie van der Mescht Hennie van der Mescht Garden Route Gerrie Brits Piet Theron Joburg Glynn Middlewick Glynn Middlewick KwaZulu-Natal Sean Chubb Sean Chubb Northern Peter Lambert Peter Lambert Northern Free State - Louis Chadinda

17 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

INTEREST GROUPS Border John Roderick John Roderick Northern KZN Hottie Human (Chairperson) Joey Dovey Waterberg Boslelieklub An Jacobs An Jacobs Lowveld Daan Dekker Daan Dekker Overberg Felicity Weedon Felicity Weedon Welkom Louis Chadinda - Zoutpansberg Anneke Stroebel (Secretary) Zanette Wessels (Secretary) EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER Roger Fisher Roger Fisher PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Roger Fisher Sakkie Nel YEARBOOK EDITORIAL John van der Linde John van der Linde

Clivia News 15(3) was a bumper publication dedicated to all of the activities of the Fourth Quadrennial International Clivia Conference in Pretoria. It incorporated the brochure on the auction plants in the centre of the book. The papers delivered at the conference were made available on a double DVD for a nominal amount. At the 2006 Annual General meeting a decision was taken to award merit certificates to persons

Merit certificates 2006.

18 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

Johan Spies Peter Lambert Christo Topham

Keith Hammett, Pen Henry, Toy Jennings, Prof Harold Koopowitz, Willie le Roux, Christo Lötter, Rudo Lötter, Brenda Nuss, Ken Smith, Joseph Solomone, Brian Tarr, Val Thurston, Dr Lena van der Merwe, Kevin Walters, the late Dr Bing Wiese and the late Gert Wiese. In issue 15(4) on page 21 Louis Chadinda reported that the Welkom interest group’s Certificates to Chris Vlok (above) and formal application to become a constituent John van der Linde (below). club of the Clivia Society is pending. They joined the ranks of constituent clubs of the Society as Northern Free State Clivia Club (Clivia News 16(1) page 3). A change in leadership took place at the AGM of the Clivia Society held on 12 May 2007 at the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein. Chris Vlok as well as John van der Linde stepped down from their positions and were succeeded by Johan Spies and Peter Lambert as chairman and vice-chair respectively (Clivia News 16(2)). Chris and John received a certificate of appreciation for their services at the helm of the Clivia Society. At this meeting Tino Ferero, the second chairman of the Clivia Club/Society and Mick Dower (Clivia News 16(2)) received honorary life membership for their contributions for promoting clivias. On page 5 of Clivia News 16(2) Chris Vlok mentioned that the New Zealand Clivia Club sought affiliation with the Clivia Society and so who have made a difference in the Clivia New Zealand became the first overseas Club to World as nominated by the Clivia fraternity become a constituent club. This is reflected on (Clivia News 16(1) page 7). These special merit the inside front/back page of Clivia News 16(3) certificates were awarded to the following with Tony Barnes as representative and Alick recipients at the conference: McLeman as contact person. Ian Brown, Sean Chubb, James Comstock, the The group of clivia enthusiasts on the habitat late David Conway, Bossie de Kock, Mick Dower, tour at the end September 2007 were weather Claude Felbert, the late Ammie Grobler, Dr wise unfortunate not to be able to travel to

19 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

CLIVIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS 2008 to 2010 Position 2008/2009 COMMITTEE 2009/2010 COMMITTEE Chairman Johan Spies Johan Spies Vice-Chairman Christo Topham Christo Topham Secretary Lena van der Merwe Lena van der Merwe Treasurer Bossie de Kock Sakkie Nel Office Bearer Ken Smith Ken Smith REPRESENTATIVES OF CONSTITUENT CLIVIA CLUBS Cape Heinie Heinerich, Dave Garriock, John van der Linde, John van der Linde, Claude Felbert Claude Felbert Eastern Province Sam Plaatjies, Andrè Calitz Albie Braun and Willie le Roux and John Roderick Free State Hennie van der Mescht Piet Loubcher Garden Route Piet Theron Piet Theron Joburg Glynn Middlewick & Glynn Middlewick & Koos Geldenhuys Maylene Turner KwaZulu-Natal Brian Tarr and Brain Tarr and Francois van Rooyen Francois van Rooyen Lowveld - Paul Kloeck New Zealand Tony Barnes Tony Barnes Northern Lena van der Merwe, Peter Lambert, Lena v/d Merwe, Peter Lambert, Bossie de Kock Tino Ferero Northern Free State Louis Chadina Louis Chadina REPRESENTATIVES OF OVERSEAS MEMBERS Australia Ken Smith Ken Smith Europe Aart van Voorst Aart van Voorst USA Jim Shields Jim Shields UK Jaco Nel Jaco Nel OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION New Zealand Alick McLeman Alick McLeman USA & Canada William McClelland William McClelland CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS Cape Clivia Club Mickey Hoctor Mickey Hoctor Eastern Province Club Sam Plaatjies Willie le Roux Free State Club Hennie van der Mescht Piet Loubcher Garden Route Club Piet Theron Piet Theron Joburg Club Glynn Middlewick Glynn Middlewick KwaZulu-Natal Club Brain Tarr Brain Tarr Lowveld Clivia Club - Paul Kloeck

20 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

New Zealand Club Tony Barnes Tony Barnes Northern Clivia Club Peter Lambert Peter Lambert Northern Free State Club Louis Chadinda Louis Chadinda Border Interest Group John Roderick Glen Miles Northern KZN Interest Group Joey Dovey Joey Dovey Waterberg Boslelieklub An Jacobs An Jacobs Lowveld interest group Paul Kloeck - Overberg Clivia Interest Group Felicity Weedon Felicity Weedon Zoutpansberg Enthusiasts Zanette Wessels (Secretary) Zanette Wessels (Secretary) EDITOR OF NEWSLETTER Roger Fisher Roger Fisher PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER Sakkie Nel Sakkie Nel YEARBOOK EDITORIAL Roger Fisher Roger Fisher

Bearded man. The chairman and secretary decided that the most appropriate token of appreciation of Connie and James Abel’s able conducting of habitat tours would be a certificate showing our appreciation. This award (Clivia News 17(2)) was handed to James and Connie at the AGM on 24 May 2008 at the Thatcher’s, in Krugersdorp. Both were speechless with a lump in the throat. At the 2008 AGM a change in the management committee took place – Peter Lambert stepped down as vice-chairman and Christo Topham succeeded him. On page 33 of Clivia News 17(3 & 4) Claude Felbert wrote about the making of the first and second colour chart (which became available then) and explain its usage. Clivia News 18(1) brought the sad news of the death of the treasurer Bossie de Kock. He was on the executive

21 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

Second colour chart. committee from 20 April 2002 till 13 February 2009. Honorary Life Membership was awarded to Bossie posthumous at the AGM on 16 May 2009 in Cape Town (Clivia News 18(2)). Chris Vlok also received Honorary Life Membership of the Clivia Society at this AGM. Sakkie Nel offered to be caretaker treasurer after Bossie’s death and tabled the financial documents at the AGM. Sakkie was elected as treasurer and additional member at the 2009 AGM. The Lowveld Clivia Club became the tenth constituent Clivia Sakkie Nel Club at this AGM with Paul Kloeck at the helm. A new book on clivias – “Clivia - Nature and Nurture”, written by Dirk Swanevelder and Roger Fisher – saw the light in September 2009. This book deals with each Clivia species Nature and Nurture. as a natural occurring plant and explains its specific characteristics and presents the genus organizer of the exhibition of the Clivia Society. as exemplar of the family Amarylidaceae. At the AGM on 15 May 2010 in Port Elizabeth A silver certificate was awarded to the Clivia Francois van Rooyen was elected as additional Society’s exhibition at the Floraliers flower show member on the executive committee of the in Ghent, Belgium. Pierre de Coster was the Clivia Society.

22 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

The first photocopied newsletter in July 1992 is young people to carry now superseded by a full colour publication. this organization into the Since the election of the first committee on 22 future? They will inherit the January 1994 to the present committee elected knowledge gained by the on 15 May2010 17 committees were elected pioneers and written in- and five chairpersons were elected. to the publications of the Clivia Society. From the single Club in the beginning the Clivia Society now has ten clubs and six interest REFERENCES groups. Since 1992 Clivia Clubs/Societies Newsletters of the Clivia were founded in the USA and Australia with Society from volume 15 Francois van members belonging to both the local club and to volume 18. Rooyen the Clivia Society. Will they follow the New Zealand Clivia Club and become constituent E-mails of the Clubs of the Clivia Society? The Chinese are Executive committee. seeking affiliation (Clivia News 17(2)). This is Conference proceedings of 2006. a large community of non-English speaking enthusiasts joining the Clivia Society. How will PHOTOGRAPHS we handle the language challenges? A hearty thank you goes to members making Many of the earlier members of the Clivia photos available. (James & Connie Abel; Pat Society have passed away and present members Gore, James and Adri Haxton, Peter Lambert are all blondes. Is there enough interest in and others). &

CHAIRMEN OF THE CLIVIA SOCIETY James Abel 17 September 1994 to 5 September 1998 4 years Tino Ferero 5 September 1998 to 17 September 1999 1 year John Winter 17 September 1999 to 20 April 2002 3 years Chris Vlok 20 April 2002 to 12 May 2007 5 years Johan Spies 12 May 2007 to present 4 years

23 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

CLIVI-ARTA - HELEN SANDERS

WALLY & JOEY DOVEY Black Magic Growers & collectors of exotic & rare Clivias

Interspecific - Vuvuzela Fresh clivia seed harvested in July 2011 Discounts: - Young clivia collectors get 15% - Orders exceeding R500 also qualify for 15%

Tel/fax: 034 318 4179 (Newcastle) Cell: 083 344 0572 Cameron e-mail: Peach [email protected] www.doveyclivias.com 24 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011 Hilton Clivia's

Lionel and Debbie Bester, 27 Park Lane, Hilton E-mail - [email protected] Telephone - 033 343 3786 Contact Lionel - 082 567 1074

25 CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011 REPRESENTATIVES OF CLIVIA ENTHUSIASTS

& Netherlands Aart van Voorst: Tel: +31 252529679; e-mail: [email protected] & United Kingdom Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] & USA & CANADA William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 14 84 10 48, e-mail: [email protected]

OTHER OVERSEAS CONTACT PERSONS FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

& Australia Ken Smith: Tel: +61 247543287; e-mail: [email protected] & USA & CANADA William McClelland: Tel: 1 805 484 1484; e-mail: [email protected]

CONTACT DETAILS FOR CLIVIA CLUBS AND INTEREST GROUPS & Border Interest Group Glenn Miles: Tel: +27714217812; Fax: 086 6577 892 (RSA only); Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] & Bosveld Willem: + 27 82 879 8305 or Madeleine: +27 82 899 1287; Interest Group e-mail: [email protected] & Cape Clivia Club Joy Woodward: Cell: +27 72 487 7933; e-mail: [email protected] & Dundee Clivia Peter: Tel: 034 212 5882 Interest Group & Eastern Province André Fourie: Cell: +27 83 386 6803; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club & Free State Clivia Club Piet Laubscher: Cell: +27 73 234 5759/ +27 83 610 2249, e-mail: [email protected] & Garden Route Ida Esterhuizen: Tel: +2744-871 2214; e-mail: [email protected] Clivia Club & Highway Interest Group Mike Callaghan: Cell: +27 83 651 0937; e-mail: [email protected] & Joburg Clivia Club Glynn Middlewick: Tel: +27 11 4761463; e-mail: [email protected] & KwaZulu-Natal Clivia Club Ginny van Rooyen: Cell: +27 82 820 0633; e-mail: [email protected] & Lowveld Clivia Club Maria Grové: Tel: +27 83 475 1176; Fax: +27 86 531 8724(RSA only). e-mail: [email protected] & New Zealand Clivia Club Alick McLeman: Tel: 64 9 5213062; e-mail: [email protected] & Ngome, Vryheid Louis Lotter: Cell: +27 78 100 4883; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group & Northern Clivia Club Marlene Topham: Tel: + 27 12 542 3693; e-mail: [email protected] & Northern Free State Rachel Maree; (Secretary); Tel: 057 357 6048; Cell: +27 83 257 4801; Clivia Club Clivia Club e-mail: [email protected] & Northern KwaZulu-Natal Lieb Swiegers: Cell: +27 83 293 5268 Interest Group & Overberg Clivia Felicity Weeden: Tel: +27 84 5898 297; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group & Waterberg Clivia Ans Jacobs: Cell: +27 82 372 0765; e-mail: [email protected] Interest Group 26 The Clivia Society: Management details www.cliviasociety.org MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE: 2010 Chairman: Christo Topham: Mobile: +27 82497 5879 e-mail: [email protected] Secretary: Lena van der Merwe: PO Box 74868, Lynnwood Ridge, 0040 Tel & Fax: +27 12 804 8892, e-mail: [email protected] Vice-Chairman: Francois van Rooyen: Mobile: +27 76 487 0300; e-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Member: Johan Spies: Mobile: +27 83 652 6130, e-mail: [email protected] INTERNATIONAL CONTACT PERSONS Australia: Ken Smith: 593 Hawkesbury Rd., Winmalee. NSW 2777. Tel: +61 24 754 3287, e-mail: [email protected] New Zealand: Tony Barnes (Representative): e-mail: [email protected] Alick McLeman: (Correspondence) e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415, e-mail: [email protected] Europe: Aart van Voorst: Tel: +031 25 252 9679, Frederik Hendriklaan 49, HillegomTE 2181, Netherlands. e-mail: [email protected] USA & Canada: William McClelland (Correspondence): Bolin Ave., Camarillo, Ca93010-4708, USA, Tel: 1 805 484 1484 1048, e-mail: [email protected] PORTFOLIOS Newsletter & Yearbook Roger Fisher: Mobile: +27 83 602 7736 Lead Editor: e-mail: [email protected] Yearbook Editor: Roger Dixon: Mobile: +27 824575174 e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Public Relations Officer: Sakkie Nel: Tel: +27 12 361 6415 e-mail: [email protected] Standards and Judging: Koos Geldenhuys: Mobile: +27 83 442 4487 e-mail: [email protected] Registrar for named Ken Smith: Tel: +61 24 754 3287 Clivia cultivars: e-mail: [email protected] Research: Prof. Johan Spies: e-mail: [email protected] Mobile: +27 83 652 6130, P O Box 17195, Bainsvlei, 9338 RSA Webmaster: Gideon Scheepers: e-mail: [email protected]

CLIVIA CLUBS Cape, Eastern Province, Free State, Garden Route, Joburg, KwaZulu-Natal, Lowveld, New Zealand, Northern and Northern Free State INTEREST GROUPS Border, Northern KwaZulu-Natal, Overberg, Waterberg, Highway, Ngome, Vryheid and Dundee CLIVIA NEWS & VOLUME 20 NUMBER 4 & OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2011

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