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Infusing PDA Technology Into Nursing Education

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Infusing PDA Technology Into Nursing Education NURSE EDUCATOR Volume 30, Number 4, pp 150-154 © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Infusing PDA Technology Into Nursing Education Ann White, MSN, RN, CCNS, CEN Because of the expanded use of Patricia Allen, EdD, RN personal digital assistants (PDAs) in Linda Goodwin, PhD, RN, BC today’s healthcare arena, the Duke Daya Breckinridge, MSN, RN, FNP University School of Nursing incorpo- Jeffery Dowell, AAS rated education and experience in the Ryan Garvy use of this technology as part of the second degree accelerated bachelor of science in nursing (ABSN) program in the fall of 2002. The project was funded for 1 year by a Center for In- Use of the personal digital assistant (PDA) has been infused into the structional Technology (CIT) Demon- accelerated baccalaureate program at Duke University to help prepare stration Project Grant through the nursing students for professional practice.The authors provide an Duke University Center for Informa- overview of the use of PDAs in the classroom, laboratory, and clinical tion Technology. The overall goal is to setting.Technical aspects of PDA infusion and steps to ensure regulatory infuse this current technology into the compliance are explored. Benefits of PDA use by both faculty and ABSN program by requiring PDA use students in the program and challenges met with the infusion of this in the classroom, learning laboratory, technology are also described. and clinical setting. The students use basic component functions such as the address book, calculator, calendar, and memo pad. They also have access to software providing current drug student to rapidly and efficiently ac- Generation-Xers, who have grown up and infectious disease information, cess pertinent data while in the clini- playing computer games, accessing calculation capabilities, growth charts, cal setting. The student is able to pro- the Internet, and having information at immunization guidelines, and medical vide immediate patient feedback to a their fingertips. This resource provides Spanish translation software. variety of questions ranging from, but the student a bridge to a tool they are Infusion of PDA technology into not limited to, the adverse effects of very comfortable with and that is the the ABSN curriculum supports the prescribed drugs to the date of the pa- computer. technology and leadership thread tient’s next tetanus immunization A recent technological advance in found throughout the program. PDA without leaving the patient. Current the healthcare environment, PDAs are use supports the development of software on bioterrorism and real-time used for clinical assessment, drug in- strong student organizational skills. In data on communicable diseases is at formation, language translation, calcu- addition, leadership skills such as em- hand on the PDA for students to an- lations, identification of normal labo- powerment are enhanced by provid- swer questions and concerns for pa- ratory values, pediatric developmental ing the student with evidence-based tients experiencing flu-like symptoms. milestones, medical sign language, information and data. The software Technology, such as the PDA at medical dictionary, anatomy, acuity of enhances learning by allowing the the student’s fingertips, allows for stu- illness scales, growth charts, and dent reinforcement of core knowledge immunization guidelines. The PDA for practice as well as strengthening can be uploaded with a wide variety Authors’ Affiliations: Assistant Clinical professional confidence by allowing of software and allows beaming of Professor (Ms White); Consulting Associate the student to provide immediate pa- programs between users. This techno- (Ms Breckinridge); Computer Technologist tient feedback. Also, this technology logical advance is a tool for use in (Mr Dowell); Computer Technician, Web fosters communication through lan- decreasing medical errors in today’s and Multimedia Developer (Mr Garvy); Pro- guage translation programs. Instructor- nursing practice arena. fessor (Dr Goodwin), Duke University student communication is enhanced School of Nursing and Community and Family Medicine, Durham, NC; Associate by wireless transmission or beaming Reported Use of PDAs in Professor (Dr Allen), Texas Tech Health Sci- information. Beaming information Nursing ences Center School of Nursing, Lubbock. encourages student accountability for Corresponding Author: Ms White, Duke learning, self-improvement, and gath- Nursing, a practice discipline, occurs University School of Nursing, DUMC Box ering and analyzing patient data. This in many environments: from home 3322, Durham, NC 27710 (white149@mc. unique pocket resource, the PDA, is care, to acute care, to the care of the duke.edu). particularly useful in teaching the community. Nurses in a variety of 150 NURSE EDUCATOR Vol. 30, No. 4 July/August 2005 settings have used PDAs, and the the technical team at the school of session included an overview of the results of PDA use have been briefly nursing, was informed early that the hardware, using the Palm operating reported in the literature. Goss and first cohort of ABSN students would system (OS), application skills, syn- Carrico1 have reported the use of be required to use a PDA. The grant chronizing with the student’s personal PDAs by the infusion therapy team of provided for the hardware, and the computer, and troubleshooting. Stu- the infection control department for CITDL’s responsibility was to assist in dents signed a form indicating which enhancing evidence-based decision the deployment, maintenance, and unit they received. Students were in- making. Data supported the positive support of the hardware. There were structed how to use the backup pro- impact on patient outcomes by this 3 distinct phases to the overall plan gram to install the applications that department with the use of PDAs. for this project: planning, implementa- had been preloaded onto the SD Several studies have reported a tion, and support. memory card. Once complete, each positive impact of PDAs on nursing student had a unit loaded with the practice.2-4 A common theme among Planning software collection chosen by the fac- investigators was the positive impact ulty. Students received the HotSync Selection of hardware was among the of PDAs on providing care consistent cradle and other documentation that first steps of this project. Technicians with the best evidence and reduction came with the units. Students were re- worked closely with the faculty to en- of errors. sponsible for connecting the cradle to sure that the hardware specifications Another report indicates the use their personal computer, and charging would handle the expected applica- of the PDA by nurses in the operating and synchronizing the unit. tions. The ABSN faculty selected the room, which improves care and saves applications that would be used in the them time by streamlining their work.5 curriculum. The CITDL staff assisted in Support Also, PDAs have been used by nurses any technical problems faced by the and the healthcare team for point-of- After the project was fully imple- faculty in testing these applications. care trauma documentation. Findings mented, the CITDL staff provided sup- Over time, a collection of software support the use for many reasons, but port to the units for faculty and stu- packages was selected. The CITDL fi- most notably the alleviation of repeti- dents. Several issues arose during the nalized their hardware recommenda- tive documentation by the nurse and support phase, such as synchroniza- tions on the basis of these applications. team members.6 tion problems or inoperable units. Palm 515™ units were selected Few articles appear in the literature Over time, the CITDL became more because of their support for color, on the use of PDAs by nurse educators efficient at resolving problems that amount of internal memory, and ca- for teaching and infusing technology frequently occurred. In addition, the pacity for upgradation through the se- into clinical practice. Clinical nursing CITDL staff provided technical guid- cure digital (SD) card expansion slot. instructors use PDAs for student record ance for the faculty on how to best Most of the applications that were se- keeping and evaluation.7 One article use the technology for activities. Sev- lected were free, so the remaining focused on the use of handheld tech- eral training sessions were held to in- grant funds were used to purchase a nology in nursing education and sug- crease technical knowledge. 16-MB SD card. gested infusion of the technology into The second cohort of ABSN stu- The CITDL received several units nursing curricula by first adopting the dents had to purchase their own PDA. and loaded and tested the specified ap- use of the PDA in a pharmacology The CITDL staff recommended they plications. After verifying the interoper- class.8 For this pharmacology class, the purchase Palm M130 to retain consis- ability of the applications and hard- students were required to purchase a tency in orienting students to the ware, attention then turned to devising PDA. In this course project, the faculty PDA use and simplify support issues. a software deployment strategy. The found incorporation of the PDA as a The majority of students purchased the CITDL had the task of installing 10 to teaching strategy challenge; however, model recommended. Although stu- 15 applications on 50 PDAs. Since the students reported positive re- dents were ultimately responsible for loading the software directly onto the sponses to the inclusion of this tech-
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