The Soviet Union and the Personal Computer "Revolution "
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Annual Report of S.P
ANNUAL REPORT OF S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE PUBLIC CORPORATION ENERGIA FOR 2019 This Annual Report of S.P.Korolev Rocket and Space Public Corporation Energia (RSC Energia) was prepared based upon its performance in 2019 with due regard for the requirements stated in the Russian Federation Government Decree of December 31, 2010 No. 1214 “On Improvement of the Procedure to Control Open Joint-Stock Companies whose Stock is in Federal Ownership and Federal State Unitary Enterprises”, and in accordance with the Regulations “On Information Disclosure by the Issuers of Outstanding Securities” No. 454-P approved by the Bank of Russia on December 30, 2014 Accuracy of the data contained in this Annual Report, including the Report on the interested-party transactions effected by RSC Energia in 2019, was confirmed by RSC Energia’s Auditing Committee Report as of 01.06.2020. This Annual Report was preliminary approved by RSC Energia’s Board of Directors on August 24, 2020 (Minutes No. 31). This Annual Report was approved at RSC Energia’s General Shareholders’ Meeting on September 28, 2020 (Minutes No 40 of 01.10.2020). 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT RSC ENERGIA ............................. 6 1.1. Company background .........................................................................................................................6 1.2. Period of the Company operation in the industry ...............................................................................6 1.3. Information about the purchase and sale contracts for participating interests, equities, shares of business partnerships and companies concluded by the Company in 2019 ..............................................7 1.4. Information about the holding structure and the organizations involved ...........................................8 2. PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF RSC ENERGIA OPERATION ........................ 11 2.1. -
Microcomputers: NQS PUBLICATIONS Introduction to Features and Uses
of Commerce Computer Science National Bureau and Technology of Standards NBS Special Publication 500-110 Microcomputers: NQS PUBLICATIONS Introduction to Features and Uses QO IGf) .U57 500-110 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act ot Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides; (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; develops, produces, and -
Energy Consumption of Personal Computer Workstations
Energy Consumption of Personal Computer Workstations Richard F. Szydlowski and William D. Chvála, Jr.r Pacific Northwest Laboratory A field study directly measured the electric demand of 189 personal computer workstations for 1-week intervals, and a survey recorded the connected equipment at 1,846 workstations in six buildings. Each separate workstation component (e.g., computer, monitor, printer, modem, and other peripheral) was individually monitored to obtain detailed electric demand profiles. Other analyses included comparison of nameplate power rating with measured power consumption and the energy savings potential and cost-effectiveness of a controller that automatically turns off computer workstation equipment during inactivity. An important outcome of the work is the development of a standard workstation demand profile and a technique for estimating a whole-building demand profile. Together, these provide a method for transferring this information to utility energy analysts, design engineers, building energy modelers, and others. A life-cycle cost analysis was used to determine the cost-effectiveness of three energy conservation measures: 1) energy awareness education, 2) retrofit power controller installation, and 3) purchase of energy-efficient PCs. Introduction The explosive growth of the information age has had a a positive step toward creating a market for more energy- profound effect on the appearance of today’s office. efficient computer equipment by encouraging buyers to Although the telephone still remains an important part of purchase equipment that meets energy conservation stan- the information exchange and processing system within an dards set by the EPA. The standards dictate that Energy office, other electronic devices are now considered re- Star computers and video display monitors have a power- quired equipment within this environment. -
Getting to Know Computers
Computer Basics Getting to Know Computers Page 1 What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data." It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and browse the internet. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more. Watch the video to learn about different types of computers. Watch the video (2:39). Need help? Computers Simplified For beginning computer users, the computer aisles at an electronics store can be quite a mystery, not to mention overwhelming. However, computers really aren't that mysterious. All types of computers consist of two basic parts: Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the computer monitor or keyboard. Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. Some examples of software are web browsers, games, and word processors such as Microsoft Word. A motherboard (hardware) Microsoft Word (software) Anything you buy for your computer can be classified as either hardware or software. Once you learn more about these items, computers are actually very straightforward. The first electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), was developed in ©1998-2013 Goodwill Community Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. 1946. It took up 1,800 square feet and weighed 30 tons. Page 2 What are the Different Types of Computers? When most people hear the word "computer," they think of a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop computer. -
Personal Computer/Laptop Technical Requirements
EPIC4SJH Personal Computer/Laptop Technical Recommendations and Access Requirements This document reviews the minimum technical recommendations and access requirements for using personal computers/laptops to support the best virtual and independent Epic training and practice experience. You are asked to review these before beginning your training. Have question? Call the ServiceDesk: 844-922-7548. Technical Recommendations Epic training and practice should be completed on a computer or laptop. You should NOT use an iPad, iPhone or Chrome Book for training, or you will have challenges viewing Epic screens and online training. For best learning experience, please note the following minimum system recommendations for personal computers and laptops. Personal Web Brower Operating system Internet Other Equipment Computer or Connection Laptop Minimum screen Latest version of At least Windows 10 High speed For virtual training, a display size of 15” Chrome (preferred) (Window 7 may work, internet private phone is but some issues may DSL/Cable recommended over Audio capability Latest version of be encountered) (not dialup) computer Internet Explorer 11, microphone for best Microsoft Chromium MAC computer - Reliable sound quality Edge Catalina OS connection Comfortable headphones/ earbuds Access Requirements To complete training and practice in the Epic system remotely, you must have Multifactor Authentication (MFA) set up and Citrix Workspace must be installed on your personal computer. Please follow these steps in advance of training. Installing -
When We Invented the Personal Computer... Steve Jobs, Vice
When We Invented the Personal Computer... Steve Jobs, Vice Chairman Apple Computer, Inc. 10260 Bandley Drive Cupertino, CA 96014 (800) 539 9696 “When we invented the personal computer, we created a new kind of bicycle...a new man-machine partnership...a new generation of entrepreneurs.” Outline 1. What is a personal computer? 2. What is the difference between a personal computer and other computers? 3. How does a personal computer increase productivity on an individual level? 4. What are those 150,000 people doing with the Apples they have bought? 5. What are people going to use Apples for, ten years from now? 6. How is Apple Computer Inc, carrying on a Silicon Valley tradition? 7. Has Apple's entrepreneurial spirit permeated other aspects of the personal computer industry? 8. How is Apple going to maintain its leadership in the industry? 1. What is a personal computer? Let me answer with an analogy of the bicycle and the condor. A few years ago I read a study...I believe it was in Scientific American...about the efficiency of locomotion for various species on the earth, including man. The study determined which species was the most efficient, in terms of getting from Point A to point B with the least amount of energy exerted. The condor won. Man made a rather unimpressive showing about 1/3 the way down the list. But someone there had the insight to test man riding a bicycle. Man was twice as efficient as the condor! This illustrated man's ability as a toolmaker. When man created the bicycle, he created a tool that amplified an inherent ability. -
PC (Personal Computer) Workstation
Computers can be broadly classified by their speed and computing power. Sr.No. Type Specifications 1 PC (Personal It is a single user computer system having moderately powerful Computer) microprocessor 2 WorkStation It is also a single user computer system which is similar to personal computer but have more powerful microprocessor. 3 Mini Computer It is a multi-user computer system which is capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously. 4 Main Frame It is a multi-user computer system which is capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously. Software technology is different from minicomputer. 5 Supercomputer It is an extremely fast computer which can execute hundreds of millions of instructions per second. PC (Personal Computer) A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. PCs are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is playing games and surfing Internet. Although personal computers are designed as single-user systems, these systems are normally linked together to form a network. In terms of power, now-a-days High-end models of the Macintosh and PC offer the same computing power and graphics capability as low-end workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and Dell. Workstation Workstation is a computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software development, and other such types of applications which require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities. -
The Shaping of the Personal Computer
9780813345901-text_Westview Press 6 x 9 5/15/13 9:26 AM Page 229 10 THE SHAPING OF THE PERSONAL COMPUTER NO HISTORIAN HAS yet written a full account of the personal computer. Per- sonal computing was perhaps the most life-changing consumer phenomenon of the second half of the twentieth century, and it continues to surprise in its ever-evolving applications and forms. If we consider an earlier invention, domestic radio, it took about fifty years for historians to start writing really satisfactory accounts. We should not expect to fully understand the personal computer in a lesser time scale. There has, of course, been no shortage of published accounts of the develop- ment of the personal computer by journalists. Much of this reportage is bad his- tory, though some of it makes for good reading. Perhaps its most serious distortion is its focus on a handful of individuals, portrayed as visionaries who saw the future and made it happen: Apple Computer’s Steve Jobs and Microsoft’s Bill Gates figure prominently in this genre. By contrast, IBM and the established computer firms are usually portrayed as dinosaurs: slow-moving, dim-witted, deservedly extinct. When historians write this history, it will be more complex than these journalistic ac- counts. The real history lies in the rich interplay of cultural forces and commercial interests. RADIO DAYS If the idea that the personal computer was shaped by an interplay of cultural forces and commercial interests appears nebulous, it is helpful to compare the develop- ment of the personal computer with the development of radio in the opening decades of the twentieth century, whose history is well understood. -
January 1986 Page 1 Welcome to the ILX ! of Logo in the USSR Can Be Found in This Issue's Ilxtra
\1'!::;>. JE X C H A N G E The Newsletter for Logo Users Around the World Volume 1 Number 1 FORWARD 100! January 1986 Page 1 Welcome to the ILX ! of Logo in the USSR can be found in this issue's ILXtra. It seemed only fitting that the Soviet Union be featured in the inaugural . issue of the ILX since it follows so closely the A small group of about 60 educators from around the world Geneva summit meeting. Maybe both events can help bring gathered late one afternoon in the Summer of 1984. The the world a little closer together. meeting was an unscheduled special interest group session This initial issue is far from perfect and your construc held during the Logo 84 conference at MIT. Speakers from 26 tive suggestions and ideas would be appreciated. Please countries took the stage and described Logo activities in their send any correspondence to your continental director's nation. Many spoke in broken English and some required address which appears in the masthead of each column or to translators (Seymour Papert for the French speakers), but me at the address on page 8. the experience moved all who were in attendance and opened I would like to thank all the charter subscribers who up their eyes to the world. It was agreed by those present made this publication possible. The number of people who that that a clearinghouse of worldwide Logo activity was nec subscribed even before this first issue was mailed is a tribute essary and that a newsletter would help educators around the to the publisher and editor of the National Logo Exchange, globe move FD 100. -
The Incredible Pomegranate
THE INCREDIBLE POMEGRANATE PLANT & FRUIT By Richard Ashton With Barbara Baer & David Silverstein Third Millennium Publishing A Cooperative of Writers and Resources On the INTERNET at 3mpub.com http://3mpub.com ISBN 1-932657-74-6 2006 by Richard Ashton 162 Pages All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States of America by Third Millennium Publishing, located on the INTERNET at http://3mpub.com. Third Millennium Publishing 1931 East Libra Drive Tempe, AZ 85283 [email protected] ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS............................................................................V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................VII INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER I: MEET THE POMEGRANATE .................................................. 3 RICHARD ASHTON ............................................................................................................3 CHAPTER II: A POMEGRANATE QUEST ................................................... 9 BARBARA L. BAER ...........................................................................................................9 CHAPTER III: GROWING POMEGRANATES ............................................17 RICHARD ASHTON ..........................................................................................................17 CHAPTER IV: POMEGRANATE VARIETIES .............................................35 -
U·M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howellinforrnation Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600
Personal computing in the CEMA community: A study of international technology development and management. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Stapleton, Ross Alan. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 07:36:22 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184767 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. -
Spoiledapples(1) Apples Before Intel Spoiledapples(1)
spoiledapples(1) Apples before Intel spoiledapples(1) NAME spoiledapples - Emulation of 6502, 680x0 and PowerPC-based Apple computers and clones SYNOPSIS spoiledapples [-s version][-m model][-c cpu] spoiledapples -h DESCRIPTION spoiledapples is a Bash command-line interface to launch emulators of 6502, 680x0 and PowerPC-based Apple computers with their operating systems on modern x86_64 architectures under Linux, macOS and Windows. libspoiledapples is a very heavy library aggregating a collection of emulators, various operating systems and manyApple ROM images. The Spoiled_Apples package includes the libspoiledapples library and the spoiledapples command-line interface to launch the different emulations. OPTIONS At least one of operating system, computer model or the architecture should be passed; otherwise this manual page is shown. BASIC OPTIONS -s version,--system=version emulates the operating system version For680x0 and PowerPC-based computers the version may be passed as numbers in the major[.minor[.re vision]] format. If the version provided is not implemented, then the closest one is chosen. For6502-based computers the format must be prefixed: DOS_major[.minor[.re vision]] or ProDOS_major[.minor[.re vision]]. If the version provided is not implemented, then the closest one is chosen. Some 6502-based computers can receive also a Z80 extension card and run CP/M, which must be prefixed: CPM_major[.minor]. At the moment, only version 2.2 is implemented, but 3.0 may followat some point. ManyMacintosh can alternatively run A/UX (Apple Unix). The format must be prefixed: AUX_major[.minor[.re vision]]. If the version provided is not implemented, then the closest one is chosen. If this parameter is not passed, then the best possible operating system for the selected computer model or architecture is chosen (in terms of offered possibilities versus running speed).