Spoiledapples(1) Apples Before Intel Spoiledapples(1)
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Retrocomputing As Preservation and Remix
Retrocomputing as Preservation and Remix Yuri Takhteyev Quinn DuPont University of Toronto University of Toronto [email protected] [email protected] Abstract This paper looks at the world of retrocomputing, a constellation of largely non-professional practices involving old computing technology. Retrocomputing includes many activities that can be seen as constituting “preservation.” At the same time, it is often transformative, producing assemblages that “remix” fragments from the past with newer elements or joining together historic components that were never combined before. While such “remix” may seem to undermine preservation, it allows for fragments of computing history to be reintegrated into a living, ongoing practice, contributing to preservation in a broader sense. The seemingly unorganized nature of retrocomputing assemblages also provides space for alternative “situated knowledges” and histories of computing, which can sometimes be quite sophisticated. Recognizing such alternative epistemologies paves the way for alternative approaches to preservation. Keywords: retrocomputing, software preservation, remix Recovering #popsource In late March of 2012 Jordan Mechner received a shipment from his father, a box full of old floppies. Among them was a 3.5 inch disk labelled: “Prince of Persia / Source Code (Apple) / ©1989 Jordan Mechner (Original).” Mechner’s announcement of this find on his blog the next day took the world of nerds by storm.1 Prince of Persia, a game that Mechner single-handedly developed in the late 1980s, revolutionized computer games when it came out due to its surprisingly realistic representation of human movement. After being ported to DOS and Apple’s Mac OS in the early 1990s the game sold 2 million copies (Pham, 2001). -
Applen Käyttöjärjestelmät
hyväksymispäivä arvosana arvostelija Applen käyttöjärjestelmät Ari Karjalainen Helsinki 3.5.2006 HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO Tietojenkäsittelytieteen laitos HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO — HELSINGFORS UNIVERSITET — UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Tiedekunta/Osasto — Fakultet/Sektion — Faculty Laitos — Institution — Department Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Tietojenkäsittelytieteen laitos Tekijä — Författare — Author Ari Karjalainen Työn nimi — Arbetets titel — Title Applen käyttöjärjestelmät Oppiaine — Läroämne — Subject Tietojenkäsittelytiede Työn laji — Arbetets art — Level Aika — Datum — Month and year Sivumäärä — Sidoantal — Number of pages Seminaari-tutkielma 3.5.2006 14 sivua + 1 liitesivua Tiivistelmä — Referat — Abstract Apple (Apple Computer Inc.) on viimeisen 30 vuoden ajan myynyt henkilökohtaisia tietokoneita ja ohjelmia. Käyttöjärjestelmissä Applen pahin kilpailija Microsoft on saavuttanut markkina-asemansa lisensoimalla käyttöjärjestelmänsä kenelle tahansa, Apple sen sijaan on sitonut käyttöjärjestelmänsä tiukasti itse valmistamiinsa tieto- koneisiin. Muun muassa tämän takia Applen markkinaosuus henkilökohtaisista tie- tokoneista on pysynyt matalana viimeiset 20 vuotta. Pienestä markkinaosuudestaan huolimatta sen tuotteet ovat aina herättäneet huomiota. Apple on käyttöjärjestel- missään esitellyt monia mullistavia teknologioita. Tämän esitelmän tarkoitus on esi- tellä Applen käyttöjärjestelmiä ja niitä varten kehitettyjen tietokoneiden kehitystä, historiaa ja teknisiä ominaisuuksia. ACM Computing Classification System (CCS): K.2 [History of Computing:Software], D.4.0 [Operating Systems:General] Avainsanat — Nyckelord — Keywords apple, käyttöjärjestelmät, mac os, mac os x, lisa, prodos, sos, gs/os, macintosh, mac os x Säilytyspaikka — Förvaringsställe — Where deposited Muita tietoja — övriga uppgifter — Additional information ii Sisältö 1 Johdanto 1 2 1970-luku, Apple I ja Apple II 1 2.1 Apple II ja Apple DOS . 2 2.2 Apple III ja Apple SOS . 3 3 1980-luvun kulta-aika 3 3.1 Apple ProDOS . 4 3.2 Lisa .................................... 5 3.3 Macintosh . -
Annual Report of S.P
ANNUAL REPORT OF S.P. KOROLEV ROCKET AND SPACE PUBLIC CORPORATION ENERGIA FOR 2019 This Annual Report of S.P.Korolev Rocket and Space Public Corporation Energia (RSC Energia) was prepared based upon its performance in 2019 with due regard for the requirements stated in the Russian Federation Government Decree of December 31, 2010 No. 1214 “On Improvement of the Procedure to Control Open Joint-Stock Companies whose Stock is in Federal Ownership and Federal State Unitary Enterprises”, and in accordance with the Regulations “On Information Disclosure by the Issuers of Outstanding Securities” No. 454-P approved by the Bank of Russia on December 30, 2014 Accuracy of the data contained in this Annual Report, including the Report on the interested-party transactions effected by RSC Energia in 2019, was confirmed by RSC Energia’s Auditing Committee Report as of 01.06.2020. This Annual Report was preliminary approved by RSC Energia’s Board of Directors on August 24, 2020 (Minutes No. 31). This Annual Report was approved at RSC Energia’s General Shareholders’ Meeting on September 28, 2020 (Minutes No 40 of 01.10.2020). 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT RSC ENERGIA ............................. 6 1.1. Company background .........................................................................................................................6 1.2. Period of the Company operation in the industry ...............................................................................6 1.3. Information about the purchase and sale contracts for participating interests, equities, shares of business partnerships and companies concluded by the Company in 2019 ..............................................7 1.4. Information about the holding structure and the organizations involved ...........................................8 2. PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF RSC ENERGIA OPERATION ........................ 11 2.1. -
Macintosh Ilsi Overview
Macintosh Ils i Overview The Apple® Macintosh" Hsi is the lowest amount of dynamic random-access such as printers, scanners, and CD-ROM cost member of the Macintosh II line, memory (DRAM) through a new feature, disc drives, as well as access the built-in Apple Computer's most powetfulline of virtual memory. networking capabilities foundin all Macintosh personal computers. Offering The Macintosh Hsi comes with built-in Macintosh computers. high performance and a wide range of support forfour Apple monitors as well One exciting new Macintosh advance expansion and video options, the as third-party monitors, so you can ment incorporated into the Macintosh Hsi Macintosh Hsi is ideal forpeople who choose the monitor that best suits your is sound input. The Macintosh Hsi comes need a powetfulbut very affordable needs-then simply plug it in. In addi with a microphone and phono jack Macintosh system that can easily grow tion, by adding a video expansion card, adapter, which let you input your voice with their needs over time. you can use any other Apple or third into documents, presentations, and even Like other Macintosh II systems, the partymonitor with the Macintosh Hsi. electronic mail messages. Macintosh Hsi offersexcellent perfor The Macintosh Hsi can be easily Best of all, the Macintosh Hsi provides mance. At the heart of the Macintosh Hsi expanded to incorporate new capabilities all of the important benefitsfor which is a 20-megahertz 68030 microprocessor or increase system performance. An inter the Macintosh is known-powetfultech -
Apple Macintosh Iici
K Service Source Macintosh IIcx/IIci/ Quadra 700 Macintosh IIcx Macintosh IIci Macintosh Quadra 700 K Service Source Basics Macintosh IIcx/IIci/Quadra 700 Basics Overview - 2 Overview This manual includes complete repair procedures for the Macintosh IIcx, Macintosh IIci, and Quadra 700, shown at left. Figure: Macintosh IIcx, IIci, and Quadra 700 K Service Source SpeciÞcations Macintosh IIcx/IIci/Quadra 700 Specifications Processor - 1 Processor CPU Macintosh IIcx Motorola 68030 microprocessor 15.6672 MHz Macintosh IIci Motorola 68030 microprocessor 25 MHz Quadra 700 Motorola 68040 microprocessor 25 MHz Addressing 32-bit registers 32-bit address/data bus Specifications Processor - 2 Coprocessor Built-in floating-point unit (FPU) Specifications Memory - 3 Memory RAM Macintosh IIcx 1 MB, expandable to 128 MB (120 ns or faster SIMMs) Macintosh IIci 1 MB, expandable to 128 MB (80 ns or faster SIMMs) Quadra 700 4 MB, expandable to 8 MB (80 ns, I MB SIMMs) or 20 MB (third-party 4 MB SIMMs) ROM Macintosh IIcx 256K Macintosh IIci 512K Specifications Memory - 4 Quadra 700 1 MB soldered on logic board; ROM SIMM socket available Specifications Disk Storage - 5 Disk Storage Floppy Drive Internal 1.4 MB floppy drive Hard Drive Macintosh IIcx/IIci Optional internal 40, 80, or 160 MB hard drive Quadra 700 Internal 80, 160, or 400 MB hard drive Specifications I/O Interfaces - 6 I/O Interfaces Floppy Drive One DB-19 serial port for connecting external floppy drives SCSI One DB-25 external connector Apple Desktop Bus Two Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) ports Serial -
David T. Craig 941 Calle Mejia # 509, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 Home (505) 820-0358 Compuserve 71533,606
------------------------------------------------------- David T. Craig 941 Calle Mejia # 509, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 Home (505) 820-0358 CompuServe 71533,606 ------------------------------------------------------- Mr. Jef Raskin 8 Gypsy Hill Pacifica CA 94044 Re: Canon Cat and SwyftCard information Dear Mr. Raskin: Enclosed is a photocopy of the Canon Cat article that I wrote for the Historical Computer Society. The printed article is much better than the draft that you saw. Thanks for your help. Unfortunately, I was unable to obtain copies of all of your various articles concerning the Cat and Information Appliance. I did finally receive your LEAP paper from my local public library via inter-library loan, but the library could not locate your Venture Vulture paper. I received the LEAP paper after I had sent the final Cat paper for publication so was not able to correctly document LEAP's technology. In an e-mail to me from at least a month ago you said that if I sent you an envelope large enough for a SwyftCard and return postage that you would send me one. Please use the envelope that I've sent this letter in for this purpose. You should also find here self-sticking stamps for the postage and a mailing label with my mailing address. I would also very much like, if possible, to obtain a user's manual for the SwyftCard. From your comments in Microsoft's book Programmers at Work this manual seems to be very well written. There is no rush in returning this envelope so please take your time. I am slowly updating my Cat paper to add a correct description of LEAP and more information about the people behind the Cat and its hardware and software. -
Quick Start for Apple Iigs
Quick Start for Apple IIGS Thank you for purchasing Uthernet II from A2RetroSystems, the best Ethernet card for the Apple II! Uthernet II is a 10/100 BaseTX network interface card that features an on- board TCP/IP stack. You will find that this card is compatible with most networking applications for the IIGS. Refer to the Uthernet II Manual for complete information. System Requirements Software • Apple IIGS ROM 01 or ROM 3 with one free slot Download the Marinetti TCP/IP 3.0b9 disk image at • System 6.0.1 or better http://a2retrosystems.com/Marinetti.htm • 2 MB of RAM or more 1. On the disk, launch Marinetti3.0B1 to install the first • Marinetti 3.0b9 or better part of Marinetti, then copy the TCPIP file from the • Hard drive and accelerator recommended disk into *:System:System.Setup, replacing the older TCPIP file. Finally, copy the UthernetII file into *:System:TCPIP 2. Restart your Apple IIGS, then choose Control Panels Installation Instructions from the Apple menu and open TCP/IP. Click Setup con- Uthernet II is typically installed in slot 3. nection... 3. From the Link layer popup menu, choose UthernetII. 1. Power off, and remove the cover of your Apple IIGS. 2. Touch the power supply to discharge any static elec- Click Configure..., then set your slot number in LAN Slot, and click the DHCP checkbox to automatically config- tricity. ure TCP/IP. Click Save, then OK, then Connect to network. 3. If necessary, remove one of the plastic covers from the back panel of the IIGS. -
Gestalt Manager 1
CHAPTER 1 Gestalt Manager 1 This chapter describes how you can use the Gestalt Manager and other system software facilities to investigate the operating environment. You need to know about the 1 operating environment if your application takes advantage of hardware (such as a Gestalt Manager floating-point unit) or software (such as Color QuickDraw) that is not available on all Macintosh computers. You can also use the Gestalt Manager to inform the Operating System that your software is present and to find out about other software registered with the Gestalt Manager. The Gestalt Manager is available in system software versions 6.0.4 and later. The MPW software development system and some other development environments supply code that allows you to use the Gestalt Manager on earlier system software versions; check the documentation provided with your development system. In system software versions earlier than 6.0.4, you can retrieve a limited description of the operating environment with the SysEnvirons function, also described in this chapter. You need to read this chapter if you take advantage of specific hardware or software features that may not be present on all versions of the Macintosh, or if you wish to inform other software that your software is present in the operating environment. This chapter describes how the Gestalt Manager works and then explains how you can ■ determine whether the Gestalt Manager is available ■ call the Gestalt function to investigate the operating environment ■ make information about your own hardware or software available to other applications ■ retrieve a limited description of the operating environment even if the Gestalt Manager is not available About the Gestalt Manager 1 The Macintosh family of computers includes models that use a number of different processors, some accompanied by a floating-point unit (FPU) or memory management unit (MMU). -
Strategi Bisnis Apple Mac Antara Gaya Hidup Vs Teknologi
Strategi Bisnis Apple Mac antara Gaya Hidup vs Teknologi Di berbagai majalah IT maupun HiFi seringkali dijumpai perkataan ³More Marketing Hype than Hope´, yang mengkonotasikan iklan yang terlalu berlebihan dari suatu produk namun pada kenyataannya seringkali jauh dari ekspetasi konsumer. Banyak pula orang yang menyatakan bahwa Apple terlalu banyak ³berlebihan´ menggembar- gemborkan keunggulan produknya ketimbang realitas yang sebenarnya. Pernyataan tersebut di atas bisa ya bisa juga tidak. Ya jika dikaitkan bahwa dari sana tercetus pemikiran tiada produk lain selain Apple, tidak jika dikaitkan keunggulan teknologinya. Pada kenyataannya produk-produk premium keluaran Apple memang memiliki kemampuan daya tahan kualitas barang yang cukup lumayan. Meski memang ada beberapa produk yang sempat bermasalah, namun secara keseluruhan kualitas produk Apple memang se-premium harganya. Kesalahan desain antenna yang oleh beberapa media dikatakan sebagai Antennagate, jelas terlalu berlebihan juga. Karena yang namanya cacat produksi dan salah desain bukan hanya milik Apple semata, namun hampir semua produk baik selular maupun non selular pernah mengalaminya. Karena jangankan Apple, salah satu brand selular yang terkenal dengan Six Sigma Quality saja pernah babak belur saat menghadapi problem pada salah satu produknya yang terkenal. Pada waktu itu karena salah satu produknya menjadi hit di pasar, salah satu mitra OEM nya babak belur menjaga kualitas produksi hingga menimbulkan banyak masalah. Apple sendiri dalam menjalankan bisnisnya selalu berpijak pada dua hal, yakni lifestyle (gaya hidup) dan teknologi. Betul jika dikatakan para fans Apple adalah orang yang senang dengan gaya hidup, namun juga mereka orang yang paham soal kualitas daya tahan teknologi. Anda tidak bisa hanya berjualan salah satunya. Lifestyle tanpa didukung oleh kualitas barang tentu akan ditinggalkan orang, begitu juga kualitas tanpa ada sentuhan marketing gimmick nya ya tidak laku juga. -
Die Meilensteine Der Computer-, Elek
Das Poster der digitalen Evolution – Die Meilensteine der Computer-, Elektronik- und Telekommunikations-Geschichte bis 1977 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 und ... Von den Anfängen bis zu den Geburtswehen des PCs PC-Geburt Evolution einer neuen Industrie Business-Start PC-Etablierungsphase Benutzerfreundlichkeit wird gross geschrieben Durchbruch in der Geschäftswelt Das Zeitalter der Fensterdarstellung Online-Zeitalter Internet-Hype Wireless-Zeitalter Web 2.0/Start Cloud Computing Start des Tablet-Zeitalters AI (CC, Deep- und Machine-Learning), Internet der Dinge (IoT) und Augmented Reality (AR) Zukunftsvisionen Phasen aber A. Bowyer Cloud Wichtig Zählhilfsmittel der Frühzeit Logarithmische Rechenhilfsmittel Einzelanfertigungen von Rechenmaschinen Start der EDV Die 2. Computergeneration setzte ab 1955 auf die revolutionäre Transistor-Technik Der PC kommt Jobs mel- All-in-One- NAS-Konzept OLPC-Projekt: Dass Computer und Bausteine immer kleiner, det sich Konzepte Start der entwickelt Computing für die AI- schneller, billiger und energieoptimierter werden, Hardware Hände und Finger sind die ersten Wichtige "PC-Vorläufer" finden wir mit dem werden Massenpro- den ersten Akzeptanz: ist bekannt. Bei diesen Visionen geht es um die Symbole für die Mengendarstel- schon sehr früh bei Lernsystemen. iMac und inter- duktion des Open Source Unterstüt- möglichen zukünftigen Anwendungen, die mit 3D-Drucker zung und lung. Ägyptische Illustration des Beispiele sind: Berkley Enterprice mit neuem essant: XO-1-Laptops: neuen Technologien und Konzepte ermöglicht Veriton RepRap nicht Ersatz werden. -
From 128K to Quadra: Model by Model
Chapter 12 From 128K to Quadra: Model by Model IN THIS CHAPTER: I What the specs mean I The specs for every Mac model ever made I Secrets of the pre-PowerPC Mac models I Just how much your Mac has devalued Yes, we’ve already been told that we’re nuts to attempt the next two chapters of this book. Since 1984, Apple has created more than 140 different Mac models — including 35 different PowerBooks and 53 different Performas! Each year, Apple piles on another dozen or so new models. By the time you finish reading this page, another Performa model probably will have been born. So, writing a couple of chapters that are supposed to describe every model is an exercise in futility. But we’re going to attempt it anyway, taking the models one by one and tracking their speeds, specs, and life cycles. This chapter will cover all the Apple Macs — both desktop and portable models — from the birth of the original Macintosh 128K to the release of the PowerBook 190, the last Mac ever made that was based on Motorola’s 68000-series processor chip. When you’re finished reading this chapter, you will be one of the few people on Earth who actually knows the difference between a Performa 550, 560, 575, 577, 578, 580, and 588. 375 376 Part II: Secrets of the Machine Chapter 13 will cover every Power Mac — or, more accurately, every PowerPC-based machine (those with four-digit model numbers) — from the first ones released in 1994 to the models released just minutes before this book was printed. -
TCD-SCSS-T.20170830.008 Accession Date
AccessionIndex: TCD-SCSS-T.20170830.008 Accession Date: 30-Aug-2017 Accession By: Prof.Doug Leith Object name: Apple Macintosh SE Vintage: c.1987 Synopsis: 4th generation classic Apple Macintosh SE, Model: M5001AP, S/N: C7440V2M5011. Description: The Apple Macintosh SE was introduced in Mar-1987 as the successor to the Macintosh Plus, three years after the original Macintosh 128k, two years after the Macintosh 512k, and one year after the Macintosh Plus. It had an 8MHz MC68000 with 1MB of memory (expandable to 4MB), a 20MB hard disk and an 800kB double- sided floppy disk. It was the first Macintosh with an internal hard disk (or a second floppy disk), and the first with an expansion slot for accelerators. It was also the first to support the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) connectors for keyboard and mouse, the D-type connector for SCSI, and a fan for cooling, although it retained the same 9-inch 512 x 342 monochrome display as previous models. Keyboards were sold separately. This item has the beige exterior predating the 1987 change to grey exteriors. It remained in production until Oct-1990, and was supported by OSes up to System 7. A conservation concern is the internal 3.6 V lithium battery, which can corrode and cause motherboard damage. This model is the 4th of the line of classic Apple Macintoshes, with iconic styling and ease of use (easy enough for a child to use) that was hugely appreciated by users, greatly contributing to Apple's devoted fan base. That Excel and Powerpoint (and the first GUI version of Word 1) were developed for Macs, also strongly contributed.