A Retrospective Analysis of Energy Access with a Focus on the Role of Mini-Grids
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Bottom-Up Electrification Introducing New Smart Grids Architecture
energies Article Bottom-Up Electrification Introducing New Smart Grids Architecture—Concept Based on Feasibility Studies Conducted in Rwanda Bartosz Soltowski *, David Campos-Gaona , Scott Strachan and Olimpo Anaya-Lara Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; [email protected] (D.C.-G.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (O.A.-L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 April 2019; Accepted: 14 June 2019; Published: 25 June 2019 Abstract: Over the past eight years, off-grid systems, in the form of stand-alone solar home systems (SHSs), have proved the most popular and immediate solution for increasing energy access in rural areas across the Global South. Although deployed in significant numbers, issues remain with the cost, reliability, utilization, sustainability and scalability of these off-grid systems to provide higher-tiered energy access. Interconnection of existing stand-alone solar home systems (SHSs) can form a microgrid of interconnected prosumers (i.e., households owning SHS capable of producing and consuming power) and consumers (i.e., households without an SHS, and only capable of consuming power). This paper focuses on the role of a smart energy management (SEM) platform in the interconnection of off-grid systems and making bottom-up electrification scalable, and how it can improve the overall sustainability, efficiency and flexibility of off-grid technology. An interconnected SHS microgrid has the potential to unlock latent generation and storage capacity, and so effectively promote connected customers to higher tiers of energy access. This approach can therefore extend the range of products currently used by people located in the remote areas of developing countries to include higher-power devices such as refrigerators, TVs and potentially, electric cookers. -
A Clean Tech Rural Development Model Using Quality of Life Indicators to Select Optimal Renewable Energy Solutions
Small Scale Innovation for Large Scale Progress: A Clean Tech Rural Development Model Using Quality of Life Indicators to Select Optimal Renewable Energy Solutions The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Yeh, Bee Hui. 2016. Small Scale Innovation for Large Scale Progress: A Clean Tech Rural Development Model Using Quality of Life Indicators to Select Optimal Renewable Energy Solutions. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797356 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Small Scale Innovation for Large Scale Progress: A Clean Tech Rural Development Model Using Quality of Life Indicators to Select Optimal Renewable Energy Solutions Bee Hui Yeh A Thesis in the Field of Sustainability and Environmental Management for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University May 2016 © Copyright 2016 Bee Hui Yeh Abstract The energy poverty challenge sits in an estimated $6.4 trillion clean technology market opportunity in developing and emerging markets over the next decade (World Bank, 2014). As a result, private sector investments have magnetized towards renewable energy technology solutions that while innovative, are limited in scalability. However, large-scale electrification has seen narrow success, often only using income levels as a proxy for development – a myopic measure for Quality of Life (QOL) in rural areas with drastically different livelihoods than their urban counterparts. -
Renewable Energy Technologies for Rural Development
U N I T E D N ATIONS CONFEREN C E O N T R A D E A N D D EVELOPMENT Renewable Energy Technologies for Rural Development U N C T A D C U RRE nt S tud IE S O N S C IE nc E , T E C H N OLOGY and I nn OV at IO N . N º 1 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT UNCTAD CURRENT STUDIES ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION Renewable Energy Technologies for Rural Development UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2010 UNCTAD CURRENT STUDIES ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION. NO.1 Notes The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) serves as the lead entity within the United Nations Secretariat for matters related to science and technology as part of its work on the integrated treatment of trade and development, investment and finance. The current work programme of UNCTAD is based on the mandates set at UNCTAD XII, held in 2008 in Accra, Ghana, as well as on the decisions by the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD), which is served by the UNCTAD secretariat. UNCTAD’s work programme is built on its three pillars of research analysis, consensus-building and technical cooperation, and is carried out through intergovernmental deliberations, research and analysis, technical assistance activities, seminars, workshops and conferences. This series of publications seeks to contribute to exploring current issues in science, technology and innovation, with particular emphasis on their impact on developing countries. The term “country” as used in this study also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Minigrids in the Money Six Ways to Reduce Minigrid Costs by 60% for Rural Electrification
M OUN KY T C A I O N R I N E STIT U T MINIGRIDS IN THE MONEY SIX WAYS TO REDUCE MINIGRID COSTS BY 60% FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION BY JOSH AGENBROAD, KELLY CARLIN, KENDALL ERNST, AND STEPHEN DOIG AUTHORS & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AUTHORS PROGRAM SPONSORS Josh Agenbroad, Kelly Carlin, Kendall Ernst, and Sponsors of RMI’s Sustainable Energy for Economic Stephen Doig Development Program: Also contributing to this report: Ebun Ayandele, Olu Aruike Olu, Scarlett Santana, James Sherwood, and Eric Wanless * Authors and contributors listed alphabetically. All authors and contributors from Rocky Mountain Institute unless otherwise noted. CONTACTS Kendall Ernst, [email protected] Kelly Carlin, [email protected] SUGGESTED CITATION Agenbroad, Josh, Kelly Carlin, Kendall Ernst, and Stephen Doig. Minigrids in the Money: Six Ways to Reduce Minigrid Costs by 60% for Rural Electrification. Rocky Mountain Institute, 2018. www.rmi.org/insight/minigrids2018 Cover and back cover images © RMI, Solar Panels in Nigeria. Images courtesy of iStock unless otherwise noted. ABOUT US M OUN KY T C A I O N R I N E STIT U T ABOUT ROCKY MOUNTAIN INSTITUTE Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI)—an independent nonprofit founded in 1982—transforms global energy use to create a clean, prosperous, and secure low-carbon future. It engages businesses, communities, institutions, and entrepreneurs to accelerate the adoption of market-based solutions that cost-effectively shift from fossil fuels to efficiency and renewables. RMI has offices in Basalt and Boulder, Colorado; New York City; Washington, D.C.; and Beijing. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 5 01: THE OPPORTUNITY TO TRANSFORM RURAL AREAS WITH MINIGRID ELECTRICITY ...... -
Off-Grid Rural Electrification Experiences from South Asia
Energy for Sustainable Development 15 (2011) 266–276 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy for Sustainable Development Off-grid rural electrification experiences from South Asia: Status and best practices Debajit Palit ⁎, Akanksha Chaurey 1 Decentralised Electricity Solutions Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India article info abstract Article history: South Asia accounts for 42% of the global population without access to electricity. Such a situation continues to Received 15 January 2011 exist despite several initiatives and policies to support electrification efforts by the respective country Revised 6 July 2011 governments. The challenges to enhance electricity access are manifold including technical, financial, Accepted 7 July 2011 institutional and governance barriers. This paper makes a modest attempt, based on extensive literature Available online 6 August 2011 review, to highlight the rural electrification situation at the regional and country level in South Asia. The paper also does a comparative analysis to exploit cross learning potential and suggest specific boosters that could Keywords: fi Energy access serve as input for policy evaluation, review and improvements to assist future electri cation efforts in the Off-grid region. We focussed on renewable energy based mini-grids and stand-alone systems and also covered Rural electrification conventional grid extension. The paper raised some pertinent issues and attempted to find solutions to these South Asia issues. The household connection needs to be improved considerably through a targeted approach and innovative micro-lending model. At the same time the electricity supply also needs to be enhanced, such as through distributed power projects utilizing locally available renewable resources, to ensure that connected households continue to receive electricity and that supply constraints do not inhibit extending electrification to new areas. -
Modeling of a Village-Scale Multi-Energy System for the Integrated Supply of Electric and † Thermal Energy
applied sciences Article Modeling of a Village-Scale Multi-Energy System for the Integrated Supply of Electric and y Thermal Energy Nicolo Stevanato 1,2,* , Lorenzo Rinaldi 1 , Stefano Pistolese 1 , Sergio Luis Balderrama Subieta 3,4 , Sylvain Quoilin 3,5 and Emanuela Colombo 1 1 Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (E.C.) 2 Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), 20123 Milan, Italy 3 Energy System Research Unit—Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; [email protected] (S.L.B.S.); [email protected] (S.Q.) 4 Centro Universitario de Investigación en Energía, University Mayor de San Simon, Cochabamba 2500, Bolivia 5 Smart Energy Systems, Mechanical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, 3001 Lueven, Belgium * Correspondence: [email protected] This paper is an extended version of our paper published in the 10th International Conference on System y Simulation in Buildings (SSB 2018), 10–12 Dec 2018, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 21 October 2020; Published: 23 October 2020 Featured Application: The tool proposed in this work was conceived in order to serve as a preliminary instrument to size multi-energy rural energy systems, in the context of reaching universal access to energy as part of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7). In addition to its main purpose, we believe this tool might be of interest in the study of integrated smart energy districts and in general integrated energy systems with high penetration of renewables, where the interaction among different kinds of energy demands is considered. -
FP138: ASER Solar Rural Electrification Project
FP138: ASER Solar Rural Electrification Project | | Senegal Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement (West African Development Bank) (BOAD) Decision B.26/02 21 August 2020 Project/Programme title: ASER Solar Rural Electrification Project Country(ies): Senegal Accredited Entity: West African Development Bank (BOAD) Date of first submission: 2020/01/21 Date of current submission 2020/05/21 Version number V.1.5 GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL V.2.1 | PAGE 0 Contents Section A PROJECT / PROGRAMME SUMMARY Section B PROJECT / PROGRAMME INFORMATION Section C FINANCING INFORMATION Section D EXPECTED PERFORMANCE AGAINST INVESTMENT CRITERIA Section E LOGICAL FRAMEWORK Section F RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT Section G GCF POLICIES AND STANDARDS Section H ANNEXES Note to Accredited Entities on the use of the funding proposal template • Accredited Entities should provide summary information in the proposal with cross- reference to annexes such as feasibility studies, gender action plan, term sheet, etc. • Accredited Entities should ensure that annexes provided are consistent with the details provided in the funding proposal. Updates to the funding proposal and/or annexes must be reflected in all relevant documents. • The total number of pages for the funding proposal (excluding annexes) should not exceed 60. Proposals exceeding the prescribed length will not be assessed within the usual service standard time. • The recommended font is Arial, size 11. • Under the GCF Information Disclosure Policy, project and programme funding proposals will be disclosed on the GCF website, simultaneous with the submission to the Board, subject to the redaction of any information that may not be disclosed pursuant to the IDP. Accredited Entities are asked to fill out information on disclosure in section G.4. -
Rural Electrification Act of 1936 with Amendments As Approved Through February 7, 2014
i ii United States Department of Agriculture Rural Development Informational Publication 100-1 Rural Electrification Act of 1936 With Amendments as Approved through February 7, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chronology. iii Guide to Provisions of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 . xiii Rural Electrification Act of 1936 . 1 TITLE I-Rural Electrification . 1 TITLE II-Rural Telephone Service . 13 TITLE III-Rural Electric and Telephone Direct Loan Programs . 18 TITLE IV-Rural Telephone Bank . 51 TITLE V-Rural Economic Development . 70 TITLE VI-Rural Broadband Access . 71 Selected Legislation . 85 Definition of “rural” referenced in Sec. 15 of the RE Act . 85 Related legislation in Title 7, Chapter 31 of the U.S. Code . 86 Distance Learning and Medical Link Programs . 91 Rural Energy Savings Program . 98 Authority to Compromise Debt . 103 Deferred Amendments to the Government Corporation Control Act . 104 “Buy American” Provision . 105 Archival References . 106 i ii RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ACT OF 1936 [7 U.S.C. §§ 901-950bb-2] WITH AMENDMENTS AS APPROVED THROUGH FEBRUARY 7, 2014 CHRONOLOGY 1935 The Rural Electrification Administration (REA) was created by Executive Order 7037 of May 11 under authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, approved April 8, 1935 (49 Stat. 115). 1936 Statutory provision for the agency was made in the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (Rural Electrification Act), approved May 20 (49 Stat. 1363, 7 U.S.C. § 901 et seq.). 1938 Title IV of the Work Relief and Public Works Appropriation Act of 1938 approved June 21 ("Rural Electrification Act of 1938," 52 Stat. 818) authorized further borrowing from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and added a requirement that borrowers from REA agree to use materials and supplies produced in the United States. -
Bankside Power Station: Planning, Politics and Pollution
BANKSIDE POWER STATION: PLANNING, POLITICS AND POLLUTION Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Stephen Andrew Murray Centre for Urban History University of Leicester 2014 Bankside Power Station ii Bankside Power Station: Planning, Politics and Pollution Stephen Andrew Murray Abstract Electricity has been a feature of the British urban landscape since the 1890s. Yet there are few accounts of urban electricity undertakings or their generating stations. This history of Bankside power station uses government and company records to analyse the supply, development and use of electricity in the City of London, and the political, economic and social contexts in which the power station was planned, designed and operated. The close-focus adopted reveals issues that are not identified in, or are qualifying or counter-examples to, the existing macro-scale accounts of the wider electricity industry. Contrary to the perceived backwardness of the industry in the inter-war period this study demonstrates that Bankside was part of an efficient and profitable private company which was increasingly subject to bureaucratic centralised control. Significant decision-making processes are examined including post-war urban planning by local and central government and technological decision-making in the electricity industry. The study contributes to the history of technology and the environment through an analysis of the technologies that were proposed or deployed at the post-war power station, including those intended to mitigate its impact, together with an examination of their long-term effectiveness. Bankside made a valuable contribution to electricity supplies in London until the 1973 Middle East oil crisis compromised its economic viability. -
THE VIEW from MY WINDOW by GLYN ENGLAND
SUPPLEMENT TO THE HISTELEC NEWS AUGUST 2004 THE VIEW FROM MY WINDOW An historical perspective of the Electricity Supply Industry. by Glyn England JP, BSc(Eng), Hon.DSc(Bath), FEng,FIEE,CBIM Extracted from a Presidential Address given by Glyn England, then Chairman of the CEGB, on 2nd April 1982 to the Metals and Materials Association meeting at Bath University. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INTRODUCTION I propose to interpret this title metaphorically as well as literally, using a few landmarks, past and present, as pegs for : - reflections on some aspects of the history of electricity supply in this country; considering some lessons that can be learnt from that past experience; and a few personal thoughts about the future, together with a mention of some of the CEGB's present preoccupations. In other words, I intend to think aloud about how things seem to me, from where I sit in my office on the fifteenth floor of the CEGB's headquarters building, Sudbury House, in one of the most historic parts of the City of London. Indeed, the industry as we know it today was really started by a big step forward in high-temperature materials technology which took place about 100 years ago. It was the development, by Swan and Edison, of a filament of carbon, which could be heated in a vacuum to incandescent temperatures that resulted in the production of the first practical incandescent lamp. We all know what a great impetus that gave to electrical technology. SPATE OF CENTENARIES I have mentioned one centenary. In fact, we in electricity supply are having quite a spate of centenaries about this time. -
Rural Electrification
Rural Electrification: Breaking Barriers with the Flip of a Switch Josie Jacobs Addison Naslund Ben Philips Lainey Schuknecht Hayden Wahlberg Junior Division Group Documentary Process Paper Word Count: 500 Documentary Time Length: 10:00 We became interested in the topic of rural electrification because our community is in rural northwest Iowa and some of our group members have family members who remember when electricity came to their farms. After researching the topic, we felt it fit the Breaking Barriers in History theme very well and had a tremendous impact on millions of farm families and our nation’s history. Electricity was common in most U.S. cities and towns by the early 1900s. However, in 1923, 97 percent of the six million farm families in America were still in the dark. Remote locations and the expense of installing electricity created a barrier that left rural America behind. The Rural Electrification Administration was created in 1935 to provide loans and expertise to farmers who organized thousands of rural electric cooperatives. These cooperatives broke numerous technological and cultural barriers to bring electric service to homes and farms in rural America. Nearly 98 percent of U.S. farms received electric service within 30 years. During our research, we interviewed Wanda Philips, Margaret Talbott and Orion Samuelson about their personal experiences with rural electrification. We interviewed Paul Bormann of USDA Rural Development and Lyle Corver of North West REC to learn about modern RECs and the REA’s legacy. We obtained primary sources from the Boone Valley Electric Cooperative, the first Iowa electric cooperative energized under the REA program. -
Wired for Progress 2.0 Building a National Clean-Energy Smart Grid
WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG April 2009 Bracken Hendricks Bracken Building a National Clean-Energy Smart Clean-Energy Building a National Grid Wired for Progress 2.0 Progress for Wired WIKIPEDIA/AATU LIIMATTA Wired for Progress 2.0 Building a National Clean-Energy Smart Grid Bracken Hendricks April 2009 A Call to Action Rebuilding America with Clean-Energy Infrastructure Wired for Progress 2.0 The Center for American Progress first published a major report last February on the urgent need to build a national clean-energy smart grid to power an innovative, low-car- bon 21st-century economy that combats global warming and creates millions of good jobs. Titled “Wired for Progress 1.0,” our report—based on an extensive stakeholder outreach process undertaken in partnership with the United Nations Foundation’s Energy Future Coalition—detailed the reasons why we need to build this national clean-energy infra- structure quickly, and outlined key policy measures that must be undertaken in order to bring about this complex project. Those arguments and recommendations are included in this updated version of the report. In just the few short weeks since that first release, much progress has already been made on Capitol Hill in advancing many of the recommendations contained in “Wired for Progress” into concrete legislative language, and in building political will to see these ideas passed quickly into law. As this debate moves forward, it is critical that the essential features of this proposal remain clear, and the basic outlines of a national compromise be preserved. This call to action in version 2.0 of the paper lays out those key elements that will determine the success of any national policy to rebuild our electricity grid to enable large quantities of renewable electricity to come on line, while improving the security, reliability, and affordability of our national energy system.