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Design, Planning, and Modelling of Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid for Rural Electrification in Bangladesh

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Design, Planning, and Modelling of Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid for Rural Electrification in Bangladesh Design, Planning, and Modelling of Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid for Rural Electrification in Bangladesh By Muhammad Taheruzzaman Thesis submitted to the aculty of the Brandenburg University Cottbus-Senftenberg in partial fulfillment of the F requirements of Mechanical, for Electricalthe degree and of Industrial Engineering of Technology Master of Science in Power Engineering Department and Professor Prof. Dr.-Ing Harald Schwarz Chair of Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering Brandenburg Techn Cottbus University of ology - SenftenbergSupervisor Dr. Ing. Erik Federau Smart Capital Region, Brandenburg Brandenburg Techn Cottbus University of ology - Senftenberg Cottbus, Brandenburg Germany 2016 © Taheruzzaman 2016 Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including concepts, modeling of software based simulations, and results. The simulation models have attached in the CD are virus and error free. Where information has derived other sources, I confirm that this has been included in the thesis. Muhammad Taheruzzaaman [email protected] Brandenburg University Cottbus ta , Germany of Technology - Senftenberg i Acknowledgement Developing this concept has been a life time dream of mine for couple of years. I could not have gotten this dream without the constant support from many people supported me throughout the journey. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all the people who help and support me for this thesis, I am grateful to among all the people who always there for me for inspiration and motivation, especially my dear mother. I want to thank to my supervisor Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Schwarz and Dipl. – Ing. (FH) Erik Federau. My first supervisor Erik Federau who always spends relentless hours to guide me, his proper guidance, encouragement, valuable technical advice and sound judgement has supported me to complete the thesis smoothly. I have learned lot through my M. Sc. studies and I would also like to indebted to all professors and mentors, especially for the discussion, proper guidance, motivation, and countless efforts from Mr. Xoese Kobla Nanewortor. My unpretentious appreciation to all those people who helped me a lot to collecting data from Bangladesh. I would also like to acknowledge and my gratitude to financial sponsors including STIBET I and BTU-Cottbus, without whom I may struggle a lot during studies. And to the Almighty, for guiding me along, every step of the way. মা ত ামাকে অকেে অকেে ধেযবাদ, ত ামার তদায়া, আশিব বাদ আমাকে সবসময় সামকে চলক ে টা সহয় া েকর তসটা হয় েখে বলা হকব ো, ত ামার অেুকেরণা এবং উৎসাাহ আমাকে সব সময় সামকে চলক তেরণা ত াগায় ii Abstract Electric power crisis is one of the major problem in Bangladesh, day by day the gap between demand and generation is increasing. Moreover, most of the power plants are gas based which will be phased out in future. An alternate electric supply is an essential part for electrifying the developing countries, in this context an innovative approach of rural electrification including DC microgrid, mini-grid and nanogrid would be technically and economically feasible. The thesis also attention on the development of technology which enables community owned power system to emerge in the rural areas based on distributed SHS and demand of that community. Firstly, the electric status and renewable potential in Bangladesh studied and considered those data into the software based simulation to analysis the technical feasibility to implement DC microgrid by Homer pro tools. The distributed RES (Renewable Energy sources) considered solar PV and biomass. The booming of a large number of individual SHS (Solar Home System) in Bangladesh, bottom-up energy sharing concept would have studied to configure the optimal design of microgrid system and different configuration including grid connected and DC and AC system studied. Secondly, The PV module is highly dependent on cell temperature and solar irradiance, the ambient temperature, and solar irradiance mathematical equation have considered to model and simulate in MATLAB/SIMULINK based environment. Similarly charge controller, battery operation, and performance analysis with respect to the PV model. In the distributed energy sources are mainly SHS including large size and regular also model and simulate in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. For instance, the thesis mainly focuses on an optimal design, planning, sizing of DC hybrid microgrid, the SHS, and biomass-based power system with the goal of maximizing the efficiency and reliability. Homer Pro tool used in the work for design an optimal configuration and sizing for technical feasibility. Finally, a model of DC microgrid compresses with micro sources like SHS systems, µ-CHP, the household loads model in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Decentralized SHS control strategies (droop control) and operation also design and model in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, where DC – DC converter needs to couple SHS and DC microgrid. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgement ii Abstract iii List of Figures ix List of Tables xv List of Equations xvi List of Abbreviations xviii Chapter1: Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 Motivation ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Aim and scope of thesis .............................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Outline of thesis ............................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2: Electric Energy Access in Bangladesh ..................................................................... 10 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 11 2. 1 General Country Profile ........................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Climate and Geography of Bangladesh ............................................................................ 13 2.1.2 Energy Sector in Bangladesh ............................................................................................... 14 2.2 Rural Electrification ................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1 Biomass Potential .................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.2 PV potential ................................................................................................................................ 26 2.3.3 Solar Home System in Bangladesh .................................................................................... 27 2.4 Innovation Approach for RE ................................................................................................... 30 2.5 Reforms and policies towards Renewable Energy ......................................................... 32 Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 33 iv Chapter 3: Stand-alone PV System and Microgrid Configuration .................................... 35 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 36 3.1 Concept of Microgrid ................................................................................................................. 37 3.1.1 Key components of Micro grid and Configuration ...................................................... 39 3.2.1 Proposed Micro CHP ............................................................................................................... 42 3.2.2 Micro Turbine ........................................................................................................................... 43 3.2.3 CHP fuel ....................................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.3.1 Biomass Potential from Plantations ............................................................................. 45 3.2.3.2 Field trip Data Collection .................................................................................................. 45 3.2.3 Cold Storage Design ................................................................................................................ 47 3.2.4 Absorption Chiller ................................................................................................................... 49 3.3 PV panel Design and modelling ............................................................................................. 49 3.3.1 Solar Cell and PV Module concept ..................................................................................... 49 3.3.2 Temperature dependence .................................................................................................... 54 3.3.3 Maximum Power point tracking ........................................................................................ 55 3.4 Solar Home System Design and Configuration
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