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D:\DATA KANTOR\Data Publikasi\D Prioritas Strategi Pengelolaan Perikanan Giob….di Kayoa, Halmahera Selatan ( I. Taeran et al.) PRIORITAS STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN GIOB YANG BERKELANJUTAN DI KAYOA, HALMAHERA SELATAN A PRIORITY OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE GIOB FISHERIES IN KAYOA SOUTH HALMAHERA Imran Taeran1, Mulyono S Baskoro2, Am Azbas Taurusman2, Daniel R Monintja2) dan Mustaruddin2) 1)Program Studi Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, FPIK, UNKHAIR,Jl.Pertamina Gambesi Ternate 2)Departemen Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, FPIK, IPB, Jl.Lingkar Kampus, Darmaga-Bogor 16680 Teregistrasi I tanggal: 28 Desember 2012; Diterima setelah perbaikan tanggal: 19 April 2013; Disetujui terbit tanggal: 25 April 2013 ABSTRAK Perikanan giob di Kayoa, dikhususkan untuk mengeksploitasi ikan julung-julung. Kegiatan eksplotasi dilakukan sangat intensif dan hingga saat ini belum ada upaya pengelolaan. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan prioritas strategi pengelolaan perikanan giob yang berkelanjutan dan menyusun konsep implementasi dari strategi pengelolaan perikanan giob terpilih. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan pengisian kuisoner. Analisis data menggunakan metode AHP (Analisis Hierarki Proses). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prioritas strategi pengelolaan perikanan giob yang berkelanjutan di Kayoa, Halmahera Selatan yaitu pengawasan terhadap eksploitasi sumberdaya ikan julung-julung. Konsep implementasi dari strategi prioritas pengawasan adalah pengaturan waktu penangkapan, pengawasan terhadap penangkapan ilegal, pengawasan terhadap pengolahan hasil tangkapan, pengawasan terhadap jaringan pemasaran, dan sosialisasi tentang pentingya Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Perlu dibentuk daerah perlindungan laut di Kayoa, Halmahera Selatan sehingga dapat memantau kegiatan pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan julung-julung sebagai target tangkapan utama alat tangkap giob. KATA KUNCI: Prioritas strategi, perikanan giob di Kayoa, berkelanjutan ABSTRACT Giob fisheries in Kayoa is specialized to exploitat halfbeak fish. This activitiy is undertaken intensively and no management effort until now. The research objective were to determine the priority of management strategies for sustainable giob fisheries and to formulate the implementation of the selected management strategy for giob fisheries. Data was collected by using interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis used AHP (Analysis of Hierarchy Process). The result showes that the priority of management strategices for sustainable giob fisheries in Kayoa, South Halmahera, was the supervision of exploitation of halfbeak resources. The implementation concepts of monitoring the priority strategy are: setting the fishing time, supervisie the illegal fishing, supervisie the catch processing, supervisie the marketing network, and socialize the impotance of region income. It is necessary to develop a local marine sanctuary in Kayoa, South Halmahera which is in charge of overseeing the utilization and management of halfbeak fish resources as the main target of giob. KEYWORDS: Strategic priority, giob fishery in Kayoa, sustainable PENDAHULUAN Halmahera Selatan dan Maluku Utara pada umumnya. Hal ini disebabkan karena perikanan giob dengan Pembangunan perikanan pada hakekatnya terarah target tangkapan yaitu ikan julung-julung memiliki pada pemanfaatan sumberdaya secara optimal dan berbagai keunggulan. Keunggulan tersebut adalah: rasional bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat, tanpa (1) kegiatan eksploitasi tidak mengenal musim, artinya menimbulkan kerusakan sumberdaya itu sendiri kegiatan penangkapan dilakukan setiap saat maupun lingkungannya (Wiryawan, et al., 2008). sepanjang tahun, (2) usaha perikanan giob belum Selanjutnya UU Perikanan No. 31/2004 juga diwajibkan oleh otoritas setempat untuk memiliki izin, mengamanatkan bahwa pengelolaan perikanan harus (3) produksi olahan dalam bentuk ikan asap kering dilakukan berdasarkan asas manfaat, keadilan, yang memiliki daya tahan lama, (4) permintaan pasar efisiensi, dan kelestarian yang berkelanjutan. yang relatif tinggi (Taeran, 2009). Keunggulan tersebut dapat memicu terjadinya ekplotasi secara intensif dan Perikanan giob di Kayoa, merupakan salah satu dapat dilakukan oleh semua pihak yang kegiatan perikanan andalan bagi Kabupaten berkepentingan. Kondisi ini jika berlangsung secara ___________________ Korespondensi penulis: Fakultas Perikanan Ilmu Kelautan, UNKHAIR-Ternate Jl. Pertamina Gambesi-Ternate 39 J. Kebijak. Perikan. Ind. Vol.5 No. 1 Mei 2013 : 39-45 terus menerus tanpa didukung oleh kebijakan tertentu mengeksploitasi sumberdaya ikan julung-julung. akan dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan perikanan Usaha perikanan Giob meliputi kegiatan penangkapan, giob dan kelestarian sumberdaya ikan julung-julung. pengeloahan, dan pemasaran. Kegiatan penangkapan dilakukan sangat intensif, diduga berpengaruh Berdasarkan data Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan terhadap keberlanjutan sumberdaya julung-julung di Provinsi Maluku Utara (2012), perkembangan produksi perairan. Hasil tangkapan diolah dengan cara ikan julung-julung lima tahun terakhir cenderung pengasapan, menggunakan bahan bakar dari kayu menurun yakni tahun 2007 sebesar 3.741,30 ton mangrove, sehingga eksploitasi kayu magrove menjadi 1.316,00 ton pada tahun 2011. Penurunan dilakukan setiap saat. Produk dalam bentuk ikan volume produksi diikuti pula oleh penurunan CPUE asap kering dipasarkan ke para pedagang perantara yakni pada tahun 2007 sebesar 743,92 kg/trip menjadi yang telah memberikan ikatan bisnis dengan nelayan 180,52 kg/trip mengindikasikan terjadinya penurunan sehingga harga ikan dipasaran ditentukan oleh para kelimpahan stok julung-julung di perairan. Penurunan pedagang perantara. stok tersebut diduga akibat terjadinya peningkatan intensitas eksploitasi terhadap sumber daya julung- RANCANGAN STRUKTUR HIERARKI julung, sehingga mengakibatkan tangkap lebih. Kondisi ini jika berlangsung terus menerus maka akan Rancangan struktur hierarki strategi pengelolaan berdampak terhadap keberlangsungan julung-julung perikanan giob di Kayoa, Halmahera Selatan disajikan di perairan. Tujuan penelitian adalah, menentukan pada Gambar 1. Pada gambar tersebut terlihat bahwa prioritas strategi pengelolaan perikanan giob yang dalam penentuan alternatif strategi pengelolaan berkelanjutan dan menyusun konsep implementasi perikanan giob di Kayoa, Halmahera Selatan dari strategi pengelolaan perikanan giob terpilih. dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan analisis hierarki, yaitu: 1) analisis kepentingan empat kriteria pengelolaan Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan perikanan giob yang perlu dicapai apabila suatu menggunakan metode wawancara, dan pengisian strategi dipilih, 2) analisis kepentingan lima faktor kuisoner terhadap para stakeholder yang ditentukan. pembatas dalam pengelolaan perikanan giob di Kayoa, Responden yang ditentukan terdiri dari nelayan, dan 3) analisis kepentingan alternatif strategi pemilik giob, pedagang, tokoh masyarakat, pengelolaan perikanan giob di Kayoa, Halmahera akademisi, Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Kabupaten Selatan. Untuk mengakomodir harapan semua Halmahera Selatan, dan Dinas Kelautan dan kepentingan yang ada, maka data yang digunakan Perikanan Provinsi Maluku Utara. Analisis data dalam analisis hierarki AHP, merupakan pendapat/ menggunakan metodeAHP (Analisis Hierarki Proses) tanggapan dari perwakilan stakeholders dan (Saaty, 1991). Analisis ini dimaksudkan untuk komponen yang berinteraksi dengan kegiatan merumuskan prioritas strategi yang dapat digunakan perikanan giob di Kayoa, Halmahera Selatan. untuk pengelolaan perikanan giob yang berkelanjutan di Kayoa. KEPENTINGAN ALTERNATIF STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN Rancangan hierarki ini merupakan hasil pengembangan hubungan atau interaksi terpadu Sebelum sampai kepada analisis kepentingan semua komponen yang terkait dengan pengelolaan alternatif srtategi pengelolaan, dilakukan analisis perikanan giob di Kayoa, Halmahera Selatan. Hal ini terlebih dahulu terhadap kriteria dan faktor pembatas penting supaya strategi pengelolaan perikanan giob strategi yang dibangun. Analisis dilakukan terhadap yang dipilih benar-benar merupakan strategi terbaik yang telah mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor yang Tujuan/Goal Kriteria/Criteria Pembatas/Limit factors Alternatif/Alternative Potensi Sumberdaya Ikan/ Optimalisasi Tangkapan/ terkait baik secara horizontal maupun vertikal. Untuk Potential of Fish Optimization of Catches a Sumberdaya Ikan Lestari/ r Resources e , h Sustainable Fish Resources a s a o e mendapatkan hasil yang menyeluruh dan akurat, y i m Teknologi Alat Tangkap r a l e K a Pelatihan/Training i h H Giob/Giob Fishing Gear d s Tersedianya Unit Penangkapan i h b F maka dalam AHP ini dikembangkan analisis t o i u b Giob/Availability of Catching Technology o o G i S n G , a Giob Units / bertingkat, dimana setiap komponen diperbandingkan a n n o a Kualitas Sumberdaya a y k t i Kerjasama/Cooperation a a r l Manusia/ K Quality of e e Keuntungan dan satu sama lainnya di tingkat yang sama dan hasilnya P S n i Human Resources n a Kesejahteraan Meningkat/ r t a e a n l h e Profits and Welfare o a dikombinasikan dengan hasil pada hierarki/tingkatan l m e m Sarana dan Prasarana/ l e g Increase Inovasi Teknologi/ a g n e a H Facilities and P atas maupun bawahnya. n Pendapatan Asli Daerah Innovative Tekonologi a Infrastructure M Meningkat/Revenue Increase Modal/Capital Pengawasan/monitoring DESKRIPSI PERIKANAN GIOB Gambar 1. Stuktur hierarki pengelolaan perikanan giob secara berkelanjutan Perikanan Giob di Halmahera Selatan merupakan Figure 1. Hierarchy structure of giob
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