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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274075833 Introduction to the archaeology of the Aru Islands Chapter · January 2005 CITATIONS READS 9 396 3 authors: Peter Veth Matthew Spriggs University of Western Australia Australian National University 210 PUBLICATIONS 3,000 CITATIONS 457 PUBLICATIONS 5,254 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Sue O'Connor Australian National University 227 PUBLICATIONS 3,420 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH) View project Barrow Island Archaeological Project View project All content following this page was uploaded by Matthew Spriggs on 21 September 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 1 The Aru Islands In Perspective: A General Introduction Matthew Spriggs1, Sue O’Connor1 and Peter Veth2 1. Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2. Research Unit, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra, ACT, Australia I realise my position as the first European who has ever lived for months together in the Aru Islands, a place which I had hoped rather than expected ever to visit. I think how many besides myself have longed to reach these almost fairy realms, and to see with their own eyes the many wonderful and beautiful things which I am daily encountering … Wallace 1869:450 Prologue: In the Footsteps of Wallace Alfred Russell Wallace arrived at the sand-spit settlement of Dobo in the Aru Islands (Fig. 1.1) on January 8, 1857, having travelled from the Kei Islands by local sailing perahu on a journey which had taken 30 hours. The following day he set off to explore the small island of Wamar, to which that sand-spit was connected, but soon lost the path to the village of Wamma and had to turn back. But not before he ‘had taken about thirty species of butterflies, more than I had ever captured in a day since leaving the prolific banks of the Amazon, and among them were many most rare and beautiful insects, hitherto only known from a few specimens from New Guinea’ (1869:433). Apart from a day trip to nearby Wokam Island, Wallace was held up in his travels by bad weather and pirate raids on coastal shipping. This gave him time to observe daily life in Dobo and the differences in appearance and behaviour of the ‘Malay’ traders and the ‘Papuan’ indigenous population of the group: ‘So far as I have yet seen, the Malay and Papuan appear to be as widely separated as any two human races that exist, being distinguished by physical, mental and moral characteristics, all of the most marked and striking kind’ (1869:439). On March 13 he was finally able to transfer to the larger island of Wokam. Negotiating a berth in a house already occupied by a dozen men, women and children, Wallace remarked: ‘I felt that degree of satisfaction and enjoyment which I always experience when, after much trouble and terra australis 22 1 The archaeology of the Aru Islands, Eastern Indonesia delay, I am on the point of beginning work in a new locality’ (1869:445). Even though he was a couple of months too early to find the various birds of paradise in their best plumage, he was quietly ecstatic over a specimen of the King Bird of Paradise, and over other bird species he was able to collect. His two week stay allowed him to observe the local economy: The Aru men have no regular supply, no staff of life, such as bread, rice, mandiocca, maize, or sago, which are the daily food of a large proportion of mankind. They have, however, many sorts of vegetables, plantains, yams, sweet potatoes, and raw sago; and they chew up vast quantities of sugar-cane, as well as betel nuts, gambir, and tobacco. Those who live on the coast have plenty of fish; but when inland, as we are here, they only go to the sea occasionally, and then bring home cockles and other shell-fish by the boatload. Now and then they get wild pig or kangaroo, but too rarely to form anything Submarine contours U U like a regular part of their diet, which is U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U Coral U U 10 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U essentially vegetable (Wallace 1869:452). U U U U Karst U U U U U PULAU U U U U U U U U U U U UU U N U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U WARILAU U U U U U U U U U U U UU U U U U U U U U U U UU U U U U U U U UUU U U U U Once Wallace (1869:454) got his anthro- U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U 20 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U pometric eye in, he noticed that there was U U U U U U U o U U 5 PULAU WASIR U PULAU KOLA 30' U 10 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U 6 U U considerable variation in appearance among the U U U U U U U U U U U U U U . Sis S U U ir U U U U U U U 10 U U U U UU U U U U U U U U U U U 6 U U Ujir U U U U PULAU UJIR U indigenous inhabitants of Aru. U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U UU U U UU U U U U UU U U U UU U UUU U U S U U 50 . U U M U U 100 a U U U U Many of the natives, though equally l U U U i U w U U U U U a U Wokam tu U U U U U U U U dark with the others, have little of the Dobo PULAU WOKAM PULAU U MANGAN U Wangil U U PULAU U WAMAR Papuan physiognomy, but have more U U U U U UU U U U U 6 U 10 delicate features of the European type, U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U i U a U U U U with more glossy, curling hair. These b U U U U 20 U 6 m U U 10 u U an U U U U M U U U UU U i U U . U U s U U U U U U U U U U U U S o U U U U U U at first quite puzzled me, for they have D U . U S U U o U U 6 00' U U U U U U U U U U 6 UU U U UUU U U UUU U U U U U U no more resemblance to Malay than U U U U U U U U U 6 U U U U 6 U U UU to Papuan, and the darkness of skin PULAU KOBROOR and hair would forbid the idea of U U PULAU U U 6 U S U U MAIKOOR U . U U U Dutch admixture. Listening to their W U o U U r k U U a U i U U U conversation, however, I detected some U 6 U U U S U 6 . U M ar 6 il words that were familiar to me … This a B U U i u k t a o F U U U 6 o . U r 6 S U U 6 PULAU cleared up the difficulty. I at once PULAU U U U U U U PENAMBULAI U U U KOBA U U 6 U U U U U U understood that some early Portuguese Jambu Air Lama 6 traders had penetrated to these islands, 6 U U o U 6 30' PULAU BAUN U U U U and mixed with the natives … U U U U U U U PULAU TRANGAN S . S UU U a U At the end of March, Wallace shifted to the U U U r U w UU UU PULAU a UUU t U U UU u U U U U U WORKAI U U 6 U 6 U U U U U area of Wanumbai on the island of Kobroor (not UU U UU U U U U U U U U U U U U U U 10 U U U U U U U U U U U U U 6 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U Maykor as he called it), after an abortive attempt U U U U U U U U UU U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U Sirlasi U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U to reach the village of Watelai (Batulei) on the east U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U 10 U U U U U 6 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U UU U U U U UU U U U U U 10 U U U U U U U U U U coast of Aru.
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