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Rainbowfishes (Melanotaenia: Melanotaeniidae) of the Aru Islands, Indonesia with Descriptions of Five New Species and Redescription of M

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Rainbowfishes (Melanotaenia: Melanotaeniidae) of the Aru Islands, Indonesia with Descriptions of Five New Species and Redescription of M aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Rainbowfishes (Melanotaenia: Melanotaeniidae) of the Aru Islands, Indonesia with descriptions of five new species and redescription of M. patoti Weber and M. senckenbergianus Weber Gerald R. Allen1, Renny K. Hadiaty2, Peter J. Unmack3 and Mark V. Erdmann4,5 1) Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Division of Zoology, Research Centre for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia. 3) Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Basin Futures, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 4) Conservation International Marine Program, Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235, Bali, Indonesia. 5) California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. Received: 02 November 2014 – Accepted: 08 March 2015 Abstract (14.1-75.6 mm SL) specimens respectively, collected at The Aru Archipelago is a relict of the former land bridge Kola, Kobroor, and Wokam islands. They comprise a connecting Australia and New Guinea and its freshwater close-knit group allied to the “Goldiei” group (along with Melanotaenia strongly reflect this past connection. Sea lev- M. senckenbergianus), but are differentiated on the basis of el changes over the past 2-3 million years have apparently live colour patterns and various genetic, morphometric, provided sufficient isolation for the radiation of a mini- and meristic features. species flock consisting of at least seven species. Melanotae- nia patoti and M. senckenbergianus were described from the Zusammenfassung islands by Weber in the early 1900s, but subsequently con- Das Aru-Archipel ist ein Überbleibsel der früheren Land- sidered as junior synonyms of the New Guinea mainland brücke zwischen Australien und Neuguinea, die Süßwasser- species M. rubrostriata and M. goldiei respectively. Recent Melanotaenia spiegeln das wider. Veränderungen des collections by the authors facilitated a reassessment of their Meeres spiegels während der letzten 2-3 Millionen Jahre status based on morphological and genetic investigations, haben zu ausreichend Isolierung geführt, um eine Radiation consequently both are here recognised as valid and re- einer kleinen Artengruppe von mindestens sieben Arten zu descriptions are provided. In addition, the current study ermöglichen. Melanotaenia patoti und M. senckenbergianus reveals the existence of five new taxa described herein. waren Anfang der 1900er Jahre von dieser Inselgruppe M. albimarginata n. sp. is described from 36 specimens, durch Weber beschrieben worden, später aber als 35.3-90.9 mm SL, collected at Kobroor Island. It is allied nachrangige Synonyme der Festlandarten Neuguineas M. to the “Australis” group of species of Australia and south- ru bro striata bzw. M. goldiei aufgefasst worden. Neuere ern New Guinea. It differs from its closest Aru relatives, M. Funde der Autoren ermöglichten eine Neubewertung ihres patoti and M. aruensis, on the basis of colour pattern, cau- Status auf der Grundlage von morphologischen und geneti - dal peduncle depth, lateral scale counts and average num- schen Daten; demnach können beide hier als gültige eigene ber of cheek scales. Melanotaenia aruensis n. sp. is de- Arten anerkannt werden, Neubeschreibungen werden scribed from 19 specimens, 38.5-76.4 mm SL from Tran- vorgelegt. Außerdem wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit die gan and Kobroor islands. It is superficially similar to M. al- Existenz von fünf weiteren Arten nachgewiesen, die hier bimarginata and M. patoti, but exhibits marked genetic zum ersten Mal beschrieben werden. M. albimarginata n. sp. separation, unique colour pattern features, and several wird auf der Grundlage von 36 Exemplaren beschrieben, slight morphological differences. Melanotaenia kolaensis, 35,3-90,9 mm SL, die auf der Insel Kobroor gefangen wur- M. picta, and M. wokamensis n. spp. are described from 95 den. Die neue Art wird mit der „Australis“-Gruppe von (17.9-78.8 mm SL), 51 (17.2-93.2 mm SL), and 156 Arten in Verbindung gebracht, die in Australien und im 66 aqua vol. 21 no. 2 - 15 April 2015 Rainbowfishes of the Aru Islands, Indonesia with descriptions of five new species and redescription of M. patoti Weber and M. senckenbergianus Weber südlichen Neuguinea leben. Unterschiede zu den nächsten coloration in vivo et de caractéristiques variées de type géné- Aru-Verwandten, M. patoti und M. aruensis, lassen sich an- tique, morphométrique et méristique. hand von Farbmuster, Schwanzstieltiefe, seitlichen Schup- penzahlen und der durchschnittlichen Zahl von Wangen- Sommario schuppen bestimmen. Melanotaenia aruensis n. sp.wird an- L'arcipelago delle isole Aru è un relitto della primordiale hand von 19 Exemplaren, 38,5-76,4 mm SL, von den In- lingua di terra che collegava l'Australia e la Nuova Guinea e seln Trangan und Koobror beschrieben. Diese Art ist M. al- le sue specie di Melanotaenia d’acqua dolce dimostrano bimarginata und M. patoti ausgesprochen ähnlich, lässt sich chiaramente questa passata connessione. Variazioni del li - aber durch deutliche genetische Unterschiede, un- vello del mare nel corso degli ultimi 2-3 milioni di anni han- verkennbares Farbmuster und einige kleinere morphologi - no apparentemente fornito un sufficiente isolamento per la sche Merkmale erkennen. Melanotaenia kolaensis, M. picta radiazione di un piccolo sciame di specie costituito da al- und M. wokamensis n. spp. werden anhand von 95 (17,9- meno sette specie. Melanotaenia patoti e M. senckenbergianus 78,8 mm SL), 51 (17,2-93,2 mm SL) und 156 (14,1-75,6 sono state descritte da queste isole da Weber nel 1900, ma mm SL) Exemplaren beschrieben, die auf den Inseln Kola, in seguito considerate come sinonimi delle specie continen- Kobroor und Wokam gefangen worden waren. Diese drei tali della Nuova Guinea M. rubrostriata e M. goldiei, rispet- eng zusammengehörenden Arten bilden eine kleine Gruppe, tivamente. Collezioni recenti da parte degli autori hanno die (ebenso wie M. senckenbergianus) mit der „Goldiei“- consentito una rivalutazione del loro status e, sulla base di Gruppe in Verbindung gebracht wird, lassen sich aber durch evidenze morfologiche e genetiche, sono qui riconosciute Farbmuster (der lebenden Tiere) und verschiedene geneti - entrambe come valide e sono ri de scritte. Inoltre, lo studio sche, morphometrische und meristische Merkmale unter- rivela l'esistenza di cinque nuovi taxa qui descritti. M. albi- scheiden. marginata n. sp. è descritta da 36 esemplari di 35.3-90.9 mm SL, raccolti sull’isola di Kobroor. È vicina al gruppo di Résumé specie “Australis” presente in Australia e nel sud della Nuova L’archipel d’Aru est une relique de l’ancienne langue de Guinea. Si differenzia dai suoi parenti Aru più stretti, M. pa- terre qui reliait l’Australie à la Nouvelle-Guinée et ses Mela - toti e M. aruensis, sulla base della colorazione, dell’altezza del no taenia d’eau douce témoignent de cette connexion passée. peduncolo caudale, del numero di scaglie laterali e del nu- Des changements du niveau de la mer dans les 2 ou 3 mil- mero medio di scaglie sulla guancia. Melanotaenia aruensis lions d’années passées ont apparemment provoqué une iso- n. sp. è descritta da 19 esemplari di 38.5-76.4 mm SL rac- lation d’un petit groupe d’au moins sept espèces. Melanotae- colti sulle isole Trangan e Kobroor. È superficialmente simile nia patoti et M. senckenbergianus ont été décrits, en prove- a M. albimarginata e M. patoti, ma mostra una marcata sep- nance de ces îles, par Weber au début des années 1900, mais arazione genetica, caratteristiche uniche nella colorazione e considérés ensuite comme des synonymes plus récents alcune lievi differenze morfologiche. Melanotaenia kolaensis, d’espèces de Nouvelle-Guinée même, respectivement de M. M. picta, e M. wokamensis n. spp. sono descritti rispettiva- rubrostriata et de M. goldiei. Des collectes récentes par les au- mente da 95 (17.9-78.8 mm SL), 51 (17.2-93.2 mm SL) e teurs ont permis de réexaminer leur statut en se basant sur 156 (14.1-75.6 mm SL) esemplari raccolti alle isole Kola, des données morphologiques et génétiques; en conséquence, Kobroor e Wokam. Esse costituiscono un gruppo omogeneo ces deux espèces sont ici reconnues comme valides et de di specie alleato al gruppo “Goldiei” (con M. senckenber- nouvelles descriptions sont fournies.. En outre, l’étude gianus), ma si differenziano sulla base della colorazione e actuelle conclut à l’existence de cinq nouveaux taxons décrits varie caratteristiche genetiche, morfometriche e meri stiche. ici. M. albimarginata n. sp. est décrit sur base de 36 spéci- mens, 35,3-90,9 mm de LS, collectés sur l’île de Kobroor. INTRODUCTION Elle est proche du groupe d’espèces « Australis » d’Australie Rainbowfishes of the family Melanotaeniidae are et du sud de la Nouvelle-Guinée. Elle se distingue de ses par- small (mainly < 100 mm SL), brightly coloured ents d’Aru les plus proches, M. patoti et M. aruensis, par le patron de coloration, la hauteur du pédoncule caudal, le dé- fishes endemic to fresh waters of New Guinea and compte des écailles latérales et le nombre moyen d’écailles Australia (mainly northern half). They are general- sur la joue. M. aruensis n. sp. est décrit sur base de 19 spéci- ly abundant in a wide variety of lotic and lentic mens, 38,5-76,4 mm de LS, venant des îles Trangan et Ko- habitats and are frequently one of the first fishes broor. L’espèce ressemble superficiellement à M. albimar- noticed, forming aggregations that swim in mid- ginata et M. patoti, mais se signale par une nette distinction water or near the surface. Melanotaeniidae is one génétique, des caractéri s tiques uniques de coloration et of the three dominant families (the other two being plusieurs légères différences morphologiques. Melanotaenia Eleotridae and Gobiidae) occurring in fresh waters kolaensis, M. picta et M.
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