Posted on Authorea 19 Mar 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158465398.80338948 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. reseist per sals,addmnt ag ra matdb h yolsi o.Dt collected Data flow. pyroclastic the by impacted areas large dominate eruption, and the establish, following area appear, yrs surrounding to 2 the species Moreover, of in tree contacted 1993). period it Moral a that del In fauna and 1985; and damage al., flora pyroclastic et of all volcano. The Franklin destroyed the degree biota. apparently 1998; of the blow the Merapi al., of Mount deposits, exacerbating composition et produced the from ash sites Dale influenced Helens flow flow, characteristics 1980; specific site mud St. al., at post-disturbance avalanche, Mount of et interacted combinations debris of (Adams which flow, recovery eruption agents pyroclastic in in The other delay observed as several 1980. were such impacts in and agents, ecological erupted disturbance down, sur- Similar Helens of in data). complex ( structure St. unpublished a Mount vegetation Mount 2012, when and of (Anon USA composition eruption volcano Washington, ecosystem the 2010 of in the areas changes as rounding significant such caused eruptions, Indonesia, volcanic gyakarta, infrequent, but Large, Introduction , 1 Nugroho Rahayu Sri invasive on which of gummosis Indonesia both of species ecosystem. other occurrence the to of success The spreading recuperation its pathogen and due in gummosis challenge species than the serious native of more beetle a of threat ambrosia significantly poses establishment the was the area and and despite MVNP where stem regeneration normally area the the trees, infected grow impacted in affect the the to volcano decurrens will it of in the A. helping by base in cells tree invasion invader the parenchyma the of an from of within management as spread number transport The nutrition to The 6. and noted water gummosis. 5. is (Euwallacea facilitated serious apparently beetle disease part. ambrosia which The the stem upper by healthy the 4. aided the to probably stem. fimbriata was first, Ceratocystis spread the holes disease on 3. The bores holes studies. the disease. this bores affects the in disease which of used the organism were how sp.) causal studies symptoms, examine the molecular disease iv) and be analyze and morphological to ii) proved Pathological, population disease, was the tree 2. of the organism wood. in after causal tree gummosis (MVNP) the of of Park identify anatomy distribution National i) Volcano to spatio-temporal Merapi studied the in was understand established 2010 iii) got in that Merapi species, Mount of tree invasive eruption an the decurrens, Acacia on Gummosis 1. Abstract 2020 5, May 1 Nugroho Dwi Widiyanto and Rahayu Sri Indonesia Yogyakarta, after in decurrens eruption Acacia Merapi invasive Mount on gummosis of occurrence The * autsKhtnn nvria ajhMd,J.Ar o uasmrYgaat 58,Indonesia 55281, Yogyakarta Bulaksumur 1 No. Agro Jl. Mada, Gadjah Universitas Kehutanan, Fakultas nvria ajhMada Gadjah Universitas orsodn uhrsemail: author’s Corresponding 1 1 ,Rha iagPratama Gilang Rahman *, 1 amnGln Pratama Gilang Rahman , 1 [email protected] 1 ccadecurrens Acacia uamdAiImron Ali Muhammad , ccadecurrens Acacia 1 UAMDAIIMRON ALI MUHAMMAD , 1 fe on eaieuto nYogyakarta, in eruption Merapi Mount after Wnl)Wld genwtl)wstefirst the was wattle) (green Willd. (Wendl.) 1 aurMahmud Januar , 1 Gunung aurMahmud Januar , 1 iynoDwi Widyanto , eaii Yo- in Merapi ) 1 , Posted on Authorea 19 Mar 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158465398.80338948 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h td a odce tMrp ocn ainlPr MN) hc slctdi w Indonesian two Ten in 110 located between by is coordinates dominated which geographic and (MVNP), with Park and Provinces) National Java 110 Volcano Central Merapi and at (Yogyakarta provinces conducted was characterization study and The identification organism, causal the This of Isolation wood. infected the Methods of and anatomy Materials the examine plants. spatio-temporal iv) native manage the and to to understand pathogen methods population iii) developing tree infection, help the for would disease, information factors in the with predisposing gummosis associated and of organism symptoms causal distribution the disease identify the i) to analyze aims ii) study present the background, on this gummosis Against of occurrence to the shown for reasons been of the also (monoculture) of have one humidity was relative insects by and decurrens caused temperature wounds tree as by whether infection such examined and factors spores Climatic of by germination h. infection that influence of 24 showed success than the (1957) older affect Drake also were and factors physical Temporal Kuntz of 1957). example, number Drake Other For a and (Kuntz on 1968). host dependent al., the et is of (DeVay infection wounds of bark Success onto fagacearum 2008). deposited al, are et propagules e.g., fungal Rodas For and 2004; factors. by grafting al, environmental infected et as are and Roux such trees are on 2003; activities wounds trees al, as induced on et artificially well that wounds as shown that have damage studies reported Recent animal also and is insect It cracks, 1999). growth pruning. damage, al. et hail rapid Roux and cankers, 1993; wind for stem al., factor wood-discoloration, et predisposing exudation, (Morris a gum death on causing tree described Africa and of eastern symptoms wilting species and wilts The Another southern vascular cankers, 2014). in stem (CABI, plantations (1993). including trees diseases forest e.g., of and al. For range trees 1993) et wide (Kile, a diseases Morris for root and and responsible trees (1988) of pathogens of well-known al. Gummosis et eruption. Ribeiro before mearnsii by Merapi Mount respectively around Africa, of area 50% the with over mearnisii within associated Acacia that trees canker on reported stem visible have of not (2015) symptoms of and al. health gummosis et the Rahayu on MVNP stands. by bagworm, 2014 beetle, in ambrosia conducted eruption. survey volcanic preliminary of the A establishment by rapid impacted The flora thickets native dense 1978). (CABI, of developing (Boucher suckers important regeneration habitats flow root an riverine water and is and obstructing seed savannah It and via decurrens roadsides, biodiversity rapidly subtropics. lands, native spreads grass and on invade it tropics impacting can where the tree Oceania in The and countries Africa 2018). several in in especially plantations species invasive of in density grown the and that introduced showed 2012 in ha (MVNP) seedlings Park National Volcano Merapi by ° 37 .decurrens A. ’ 30 ” eesmlrt hs bevdon observed those to similar were nteMutMrp einadwehrtesra ftedsaewsasse ytedominance the by assisted was disease the of spread the whether and region Merapi Mount the in nteMN rapssasrostra ic twl ffc h eueaino cssesand ecosystems of recuperation the affect will it since threat serious a poses area MVNP the in n 07 and E -1 Bez ut a nyifc fval uglpoaue r eoie nofehyepsdwood exposed freshly onto deposited are propagules fungal viable if infect only can Hunt, (Bretz) n 11 alnsha saplings 11814 and .decurrens A. asdby caused re ihgmoi yposo h tmwr eetdrnol n ape from sampled and randomly selected were stem the on symptoms gummosis with trees .decurrens A. ° 22 ’ 30 C ” Ceratocystis 07 - eaoytsfimbriata Ceratocystis . fimbriata ° re nteMN area. MVNP the in trees 52 n h re eeapo.4ysodwe h td a conducted. was study the when old yrs 4 approx. were trees the and ’ 30 -1 .fimbriata C. ” .fimbriata C. Ao 02 nulse aa.Ntv oAustralia, to Native data). unpublished 2012, (Anon ,wti . arsoainpo.Tesuyae a enoccupied been has area study The plot. restoration ha 8.4 a within S, es ao( lato sensu sp., rmcaimfalcatarium Uromycladium .decurrens A. Ceratocystis pce ope r bet netterhsswe viable when hosts their infect to able are complex species skont as iesso eea eeal rp,fruit crops, vegetable several of diseases cause to known is s.l li n ase a eoddfo rzladSouth and Brazil from recorded was Halsted and Ellis .fagacearum C. 2 )t as neto.Teewud a eutfrom result can wounds These infection. cause to .) eaoyts .albifundus C. Ceratocystis, A.decurrens Ceratocystis nMN.Tegenus The MVNP. in p.(oeadFru 96.S,i ed obe to needs it So, 1956). Fergus and (Cole spp. .decurrens A. ol o as neto hnwounds when infection cause not could n oto h pedo h gummosis the of spread the control and .decurrens A. p oee,teesmtm were symptoms these However, sp. and , Ganoderma Ceratocystis .decurrens A. tnsi h einshowed region the in stands Certocystis Ceratocystis cu on occur tnssoe htthe that showed stands .decurrens A. Ceratocystis p cu nthe in occur sp. ccamearnsii Acacia p. uhas such spp., .decurrens A. vrgd16167 averaged nldssome includes p.(Barnes spp. ° 15 ’ 0 – 00” spp. and A. A. A. C. is Posted on Authorea 19 Mar 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158465398.80338948 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ies niec a acltdbsdo h ubro re hwn umssoto oa ubrof number total of out gummosis showing trees of number the on based observed. trees calculated was incidence Disease (1998). (Eq.1) (Cooke tree formula individual following on the (%) using and Severity calculated Disease asymptomatic was of between tree Mean individual distance on 10.1. and (%) ArcGIS severity S), by disease computed and Mean recorded and U, were System) positions Tree (L, Positioning 2015. (Global segment Number August GPS and tree February stems. using between gummosis each individual bimonthly of on recorded was in segment progress were severity each trees The gummosis on Disease symptomatic gummosis tree. with recorded. of each was occurrence wounds on observing segment occurring cm by of stem gummosis made 137.1 each was with (Fig.2) between stem wounds in (S) the area the of gummosis crown along - of number old the (U) the base or by on stem the new covered based upper includes with calculated stem 2) which wounds evaluated 3) measured); (L) of were and is number stem branch gummosis dbh The lower first which of restoration 1) the at symptoms the viz., (height of of The height stem base boundary in the the m. the cm to on 20 from 137 segments of away to three minimum m up marking 10 and a stem by the was site was and tree plot study plot trees each the first each 6-10 in The on contained between river plot 79. distance Each a was and along observations. measured plot record laid trees to was marked of transect were number wide plots total m rectangular m 10 x10 a The intensity, 100 nine and group. incidence disease out analyze an To as model Tamura-Nei symptom included the gummosis was on of taxon based to Assessment method related prior Likelihood alignments distantly 1993). Maximum multiple more Nei the full analysis and a using this with (Tamura aligned constructed from in 1999) was were included sequence (Hall were tree Sequences one GenBank 7.0.9.0 phylogenetic from 2016). and BioEdit retrieved in references similarity al. high 2007) et as confirm with (Kumar al. Sequences to Mega7 analysis et analysis. of using Phylogenetic phylogenetic (Larkin Searching conducted 1997). W was 1 al. Clustal end. isolates similarity et 2.6.5 using to high each the (Altschul of version sent Tool) of at sequences retrieved Search identification were Chromas sequences to Alignment the conducted quality products in Local was 2017) (Basic poor PCR viewed BLAST al. remove were ITS1-F et using to 1993). (Benson and chromatograms GenBank edited 1990) Bruns used databases, sequence and DNA pairs al. and public DNA software primer et (Gardes The (White Ltd) A) GC) Pty sequencing. (2002). TAT GTA (Technelysium TGA for al. TAT GAA GCT et (Singapore) GAG TCC Glen TTA Base (TCC by 25mM CAT ITS4 NaCl; modified 250mM are GGT as 8.5; ITS 1985) (CTT pH rDNA HCl Broda Tris the and (200mM amplify buffer (Raeder Genetics to SDS Molecular SDS) using the 0.5% extracted conducted in were was and fragments DNA EDTA conducted ITS were Singapore. of ITS Base Sequencing 1st rDNA Yogyakarta. Forestry, in of and amplification Environment of and Ministry fungus to Laboratory, the of studied from Faculty were extraction Protection, isolates DNA and the Health of Forests were characteristics of isolates species. Morphological All Laboratory the the Indonesia. identify 2002). in Mada, al., (PDA) Gadjah et (Waller agar University a Forestry, methodology dextrose as standard potato used using were on conducted slices gummosis maintained moisture, were Carrot the maintain tests of processing. to pathogenicity further edge newspaper and for leading in laboratory the isolate wrapped the from to then to drawn bait were transferred were sections subsequently were samples excised they These bark and and gummosis. wood the discolored clearing after The area. study the Ceratocystis rmtedsaesmls(olradd a 98.Ioain rmse samples stem from Isolations 1968). Vay de and (Moller samples disease the from z 2+z3) + z2 + (z1 3 3 × 100% st Posted on Authorea 19 Mar 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158465398.80338948 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ru.Teewr oa f12pstosi h nldtstEouinr nlsswr odce in conducted were analyses Evolutionary dataset final the in gummosis of positions Symptoms 172 of total a MEGA7. were database There with GenBank sequences the group. nucleotide on 15 BLAST involved (Fig analysis sequence base cylindrical Molecular hyphae ITS and and on divergent neck barrel-shaped Based the from ostiolar both 7) e). size, with fimbriata AD and 3d, in Certocystis and necks Chlamydospores varied 1 (Fig. long (AD Ascomata isolates respectively. culture. and (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), in 3c). long, 3a) produced mm ascomata (Fig. were The 0.2-0.6 tips conidia (Fig. PDA. and their on bases from 0.2-1.3 incubation globose ascospores were 2-week sub hat-shaped a during exuding to culture 3b) globose in produced black, were had ascomata Mature MVNP. at two gummosis of of total organism A causal the of identification and Characterization gummosis of distribution spatial software. The Results 10.1 gummosis. analysis ArcGIS of an severity using to and analyzed subjected incidence were was of data status symptoms quantitative the and determine scale to qualitative trends a of on presented were data qualitative of The Corporation, dimensions the Olympus and data (BX51, images. Japan) of of microscope digital Corporation, Analysis drop using light Olympus a measured 70, a Canada cells with (DP using under parenchyma added slides camera and observed on and digital mounted fibers were dried a and sections water, using xylol and distilled photographed The water Japan), in remove washed Entellan. to warmed hr, or radial gently Transverse, 1 then balsam from were for stored. that sections blue and The and sampled cotton tree xylol. was lactophenol diseased height) (10-15 in the same stem soaked from the the then area at of infected and sections the diameter tangential to stem and close similar Wood (of random. trees at healthy cm selected 1 trees wood, the healthy of and anatomy in changes analyze To with stem trees occasion. affected between measurement gummosis distance each shortest of for the Anatomy grouped measuring then by was at which arrived was symptoms distribution gummosis gummosis of for pattern observed horizontal stem The the of segments 3 represents ‘3’ z z gummosis old or observation) of assessed z time trees the of number at Total (oozing = new N with trees of Number = n Where (Eq.2) (DI) incidence Disease 3 2 1 ubro umsso h tmcvrdb crown by covered stem the on gummosis of stem Number upper = the on gummosis of stem Number lower = the on gummosis of Number = Ceratocystis Fg 4). (Fig. slts(G D1adUMA )wr bandfo diseased from obtained were 2) AD UGM and 1 AD (UGM isolates μ hc)wr u sn ldemcooe h etoswere sections The microtome. sledge a using cut were thick) m 3 N n uodwo ape eedanfo aho 0diseased 10 of each from drawn were samples wood cuboid × 100% 4 eaoytsfimbriatomima Ceratocystis .decurens A. hwdtecoetsmlrt to similarity closest the showed M835)a nout an as (MH863157) .decurrens A. Posted on Authorea 19 Mar 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158465398.80338948 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. oprdt nnetdtes h omldaee f5 rodo healthy of yr-old diameter 5- and height of of diameter trees terms normal the in The stem, performance individual trees. good per and wounds uninfected canopy, 30 to green to compared stems, 3 straight with gummosis with healthy, severe displayed appeared trees most on although MNVP, recorded In been on has pathogen the It of occurrence the 2014). in (CABI, processes subtropics successional unique discussed, the Okoli on and ( species 2014 beetles the al., known. poorly of et fimbriata only (Lymberty impact Ceratocystis is researchers ecological Merapi several Mount the around by However, ecosystems supported post-eruption 2017). been have al., Merapi et Mount of of spread on eruption more and significantly occurrence were The healthy length on 10) and that diameter (Fig. than fiber wood higher infected cell, was Discussion on fiber wood that of infected to percentage in compared the cells wood However, parenchyma healthy of 9). percentage (Figs the wood that observed was percentage It highest The stem 8b). but infected m 8a). (Fig. the 5 pattern of at (Fig. same observed Anatomy distance the was increasing followed gummosis of also with incidence incidence pattern the gummosis gummosis definite with showed of trees which a of trees without number of thereafter highest number The decreased the on trees. to healthy Based m the wind. 1 from the of of distance movement spread a passive disease from or assess vector to insect variable a the as of used was trees symptomatic that among given moved distance actively nearest the they of and Measurement number stem. in the gummosis increased of of settled, part b). distribution got upper Spatio-temporal & the beetles a to bark 7 part the (R lower (Figs. that significantly the the (S) indicated increased on crown from which gummosis was by tree covered highest of the the stem severity in of stem, and mean incidence 2015 the (U) the of of part Aug. 20% time, segments upper By of Over different the increase surveyed. on to an trees gummosis compared indicated of the (L) which occurrence of stem infested the % lower found on 80 were Based on (100%) gummosis months. trees six of the incidence all indicated survey), 2015) (fourth older (Feb. woody/ survey decurrens on first A. particularly The on stem, gummosis the branches. branches, on of young green occurred symptoms on holes especially of present borer Occurrence branches, were Most young holes the 6c). limited from only (Fig. exuded color whereas, gum in stems, contrast, after clearer In color be in to 6b). black tended (Fig. or gum dark turned exuded stem newly of the beetles vectors ambrosia from by known exuded caused are Gum were galleries beetles bark characteristic These the and or in 5b). 5a) holes pathogens (Fig the (Fig. plant frass of bark by most the infection that outside showed attack, observations occurring (i.e. insect Our tubes The to pitch bark. bark. and the due tree under dust stem on boring the deposited by gets on proved which were wounds wood to the On response from injury. gum physical in or produced resin is of gum exudation by evidenced is Gummosis Euwallacea Euwallacea Ceratocystis .fimbriata C. p)wihcnbr notexlmo h iesdtukpouigcposaonsof amounts copious producing trunk diseased the of xylem the into bore can which sp.) .decurrens A. sp. spoe ob h ahgnascae ihgmoi in gummosis with associated pathogen the be to proved is n te ies nuigfcosgtsra rmtest re i ciemovement active via trees to trees from spread got factors inducing disease other and ) saptoe fsvrlco lnsadi swdl itiue ntetoisand tropics the in distributed widely is it and plants crop several of pathogen a is > hc oehlsi h tmfcltt neto by infection facilitate stem the in holes bore which 0m twsitrrtdta h nclmwspeetwti o5mdistance m 5 to 1 within present was inoculum the that interpreted was it m, 50 .decurrens A. .decurrens A. tMN,gmeuainwsmil u owud aeb net which insects by made wounds to due mainly was exudation gum MVNP, at nMV oe hett eea rppat nIndonesia. in plants crop several to threat poses MNVP in sa naieseisi l cssesi NPatrthe after MNVP in ecosystems all in species invasive an as Ceratocystis 5 .decurrens A. > spp. -ekepsr Fg a oprdt the to compared 6a) (Fig. exposure 1-week nBai Rbioe l 18) The (1988). al. et (Ribeiro Brazil in 2 .8 rmtebto otetop the to bottom the from 0.98) = .decurrens A. .fimbriata. C. .decurrens. A. agdfo . – 9.2 from ranged salready As Ambrosia Posted on Authorea 19 Mar 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158465398.80338948 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. eeeaino aieseiswl ea nru akuls upre yteGvrmn,ln managers land Government, the by by area supported MVNP unless the task in onerous promoted an of be be spread to will successful and highly species needs the growth native Considering species it. of the native on regeneration of occur hand which of growth pathogen one spread the other, and and the establishment the plant invasive on on the from and complex, them protecting managed are be here to competitors challenges is ecosystem. their the MVNP over of within species conclude, advantage tolerance Invasive species To invasive selective the ecosystem. as that a recovering successfully appears provide the more thus that compete of It weapons to processes 2004). chemical Ridenour successional certain and within possess (Callaway plants to other known to to trees are the threat of a susceptibility poses the for it reason with another along Although between be and distance can pheromones flow increasing the pyroclastic with releases the beetles decreases by the symptoms when gummosis study successful the with Also, becomes introduces study. trees will infection this observations of The in beetles These of gummosis trees. number by tree. other infected individuals the affected healthy attract trees other that otherwise that to the an shown pheromones of repel observed of distribution aggregating has or the (2003) spatial defenses release clustered of overwhelm attract will Halloin more can bottom and the they (1996). that explain the tree, mates attack” (Sanborn host near “mass locate suitable pheromones occur a beetles a enabling to species-specific find cm bark tends beetles 90 emitting Also, beetle the about by stem. the when location species by of a boring same part at 2005). that lower oviposit the Harrington show generally the 2003; which beetles or Six the trees) bark at 1997; trees pine or (2004), al. (on and/ et Lieutier bark ground (Paine and the above pathogen (2003) on the Halloin accumulate of to or spread holes According help the may to tree close the cling which of subsequent frass base and The wound 1999). the (Somasekhara, of spp. formation that indicate (e.g., less crown, beetles comparatively ambrosia the and by stem surrounded lower by stem the and infection on stem abundant seem were upper may which the outcome symptoms, on this gummosis of 2011), position Mordecai demonstrations vertical 1996; The empirical Kover and and possible. theoretical (Clay the is build-up Given it tolerance, pathogen area. although cases, to of unit unlikely, effects other per due negative production has certain populations. species density the seed In invasive population of or thin in 2010). on biomass reduction with a Alexander on effect that effect 2006; species such no little plasticity Parker phenotypic to or substantial and exhibit comparison little species (Gilbert invasive have in many plasticity may phenotypic time expected accumulation are or over species, pathogen compensation, invasive pathogens as time, such of over populations, accumulation high And, with greater species exhibit that reported to have compared (2010) quality. al. poor significantly et fiber Mitchell are resistance affects MNVP attained infection in have since trees may infected trees of MNVP healthy properties of in to strength while monoculture trees However, that The spread. the and is pathogens. Thus, severity here and conditions. difference pests climatic The insect adverse 1988). towards and al., maintain soil et also poor (Ribeiro nutrient mortality can tree cells in decurrens parenchyma resulted A. addition, which despite However, nutrients exudation In trees gum cells. of young and of transport 2004). the of growth active al., regeneration by healthy and and et infected healing conversion, the (Schwarze wound storage, as and trees such in activity wood affected years. meristematic aid infected 4 gummosis cells at the the parenchyma already in in the was of cells that trees growth parenchyma indicate diameter affected of gummosis the gummosis on number of impact increased diameter no mean The had the gummosis MVNP the in that while indicates 2017), This al. et (Okoli .fimbriata C. Ceratocystis C.fimbriata Ceratocystis re nBai eecliae npattos re nMN eentrlyrgnrtdunder regenerated naturally were MVNP in trees plantations, in cultivated were Brazil in trees Euwallacea osntipc rwho h invasive the of growth impact not does hc lcstespodadwaestete.Tesrs asdt re caused trees to caused stress The tree. the weakens and sapwood the blocks which nteCpa oiorgo,Bai xiie itn,bac rig odsplitting wood drying, branch wilting, exhibited Brazil region, Cap˜ao Bonito the in yial ntae rmtelwrpr ftetes hsosrainsget that suggests observation This trees. the of part lower the from initiated typically .decurrens A. p)wihbr nt h ye ftescnsrea etrfor vector a as serve can trees of xylem the to in bore which sp.) tepst aaei n eli h adi h VPae for area MVNP the in land the reclaim and it manage to attempts , 6 .decurrens A. .decurrens A. .decurrens A. npattosas rmtsdisease promotes also plantations in tMN,tefna inoculum fungal the MVNP, at .decurrens A. Ceratocystis. to .fimbriata C. .decurrens A. tMVNP. at .decurrens A. Ceratocystis lo it allow trees Posted on Authorea 19 Mar 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158465398.80338948 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. AIIvsv pce opnim AIPbihn,(2018). Publishing, CABI Compendium, Species Invasive CABI 48-51. pp Town, 2014 Cape Compendium. October Administration, Protection Provincial Crop Cape E.W. the CABI Sayers, of Conservation & Environmental J., (eds.). and C.H. Nature Ostell, Stirton, of – D.J., wattle. Black Lipman, (1978). C. I., Boucher, Karsch-Mizrachi, K., (2003). Clark, M.J. GenBank. M., Wingfield, (2017). Cavanaugh, & K.M., D.A., Old, Benson, M.J., Dudzinski, B.D., programs. Wingfield, search pirilliformis J., database Roux, protein I., of Barnes, generation new a PSI-BLAST: Research and Sch BLAST into T.L., insights Gapped ecosystems: Madden, and S.F., communities, Altschul, populations, plant regene- processes. natural and evolutionary Washington. in and form, Helens, ecological growth Disease St. survival, (2010). Mount Plant H.M. of (1987). eruption Alexander, E. 1980, Smith, 18, May & the A.R., following Kruckeberg, ration V.H., Dale, A.B., Adams, References Plant Research laboratory suggestions. Cannon, the helpful Phill of and and advice part Klopfenstein, for sharing B. USA Accessibility: Ned kindly Station, Data Dr. for Research for thanked Mountain also Rocky is are Service, Prihatini Thanks Forest author. Istiana Pathologists, lead Dr. Mada the Gadjah support. with Universitas Fund work financial Development Educational for the 2016 and Indonesia year Education Higher the thank contributed We authors data publication. All the the manuscript. collected for the JM approval of and final writing Acknowledgements RGP gave the manuscript; and to the draft contribute of the WDN writing and to the MAI critically led data, and the methodology analyzed species. research and native the to up set pathogen SR gummosis spread. its and by progress infected from disease threat between the contributions the distance with Authors’ and 1- mean species decreased The but the tree. , of was the success parenchymainvasion period, by within of 6-month spread nutrients number and a invasion the of over of and in plots, Management transport healthy increase study remained aided an the trees which due in most apparently trees wood tree, is the per growth the 30 and in survival to all cells tree 3 of Although The from positioning there. grow. ranging This infection wounds to crown. continued of gummosis the of initiation around located number in stem symptoms with resulting on most gummosis and base with part months, its upper 6 at the of of tree by vector period followed the a stem, that within indicated the 100% of infection of incidence to part the 80 lower eruption, from the after increased on year Four trees volcano. the Merapi on Mount the gummosis of eruption following ecosystems MVNP fimbriata Ceratocystis Conclusion alike. public, the and • • te aaulae sonline as uploaded data MH863157 Other accession GenBank sequences: DNA 25,3389-3402. e pce from species new a , . uli cd Research Acids Nucleic a rvdt etecua raimo umsson gummosis of organism causal the be to proved was uaytsnitens Eucalyptus ffr .. hn,J,Zag . ilr . imn ..(1997). D.J. Lipman, & W., Miller, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, A.A., ¨ affer, .fimbriata C. ln Disease Plant .decurrens A. ” eaoytsfimbriata Ceratocystis 45 , 37-42. viz., , oe hleg oalcnenddet h unparalleled the to due concerned all to challenge a poses nAustralia. in 94,492–503 7 Euwallacea ln naes euiu u dangerous but beautiful invaders, Plant ” AIPbihn.(2004) Publishing. CABI . Mycologia p aboi ete,iiitdbrn the boring initiated beetle), (ambrosia sp. .decurrens A. .decurrens A. 5 865-871. 95, otws Science Northwest resesexhibited stems tree re htinvaded that trees eree 20 Retrieved . uli Acids Nucleic Department . Ceratocystis 6,160–170. Posted on Authorea 19 Mar 2020 — CC BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158465398.80338948 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ..(d..CB rpPoeto opnim A nentoa.[W ouet URL document] version Analysis Genetics [WWW Evolutionary Molecular International. MEGA7: (2016). datasets. 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South in otoln akBelsi odRsdeadFirewood and Residue Wood in Beetles Bark Controlling vial at available cdmcPes Inc. Press, Academic , 77,292–304. ln Pathology Plant 26:1249-1261. eaoytsfimbriata Ceratocystis https://authorea.com/users/304629/articles/435185-the- eaoytsfimbriata Ceratocystis reNotes Tree ln ahlgssPce ok 3 Book, Pocket Pathologists Plant mlfiainaddrc eunigo uglribosomal fungal of sequencing direct and Amplification 10 oeua ilg n Evolution and Biology Molecular 3. 53,414-421. Ceratocystis asn ito oernt nIndia. in pomegranate of wilt causing and .acaciivora C. lsPathology Plos pce netn tmwounds stem infecting species armno California Sacramento: . netSymbiosis. Insect rd p o.i Indonesia. in nov. sp. 10,512-526. edn,. 14e1004714. 11:4 . AIPublish- CABI Plant CRC