Technological Application of Tannin-Based Extracts
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Tannic Acid-Based Prepolymer Systems for Enhanced Intumescence in Epoxy Thermosets
Cite this article Themed Issue: Sustainable flame Keywords: environmental impact/green Korey M, Johnson A, Webb W et al. (2020) retarded materials polymers/sustainable materials Tannic acid-based prepolymer systems for enhanced intumescence in epoxy thermosets. Paper 1900061 Green Materials 8(3): 150–161, Received 29/09/2019; Accepted 05/03/2020 https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrma.19.00061 Published online 06/04/2020 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved Green Materials Tannic acid-based prepolymer systems for enhanced intumescence in epoxy thermosets Matthew Korey Mark Dietenberger Graduate Research Assistant, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Research General Engineer, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA (Orcid:0000-0002-2285-5646) Jeffrey Youngblood Alexander Johnson Professor, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Undergraduate Research Assistant, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA (Orcid:0000-0002-8720-8642) William Webb John Howarter Staff, Career Academy, San Diego, CA, USA Associate Professor, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA (corresponding author: [email protected]) Tannic acid (TA) is a bio-based high-molecular-weight organic molecule. Although biologically sourced, TA is a pollutant in industrial wastewater streams, and there is desire to find applications in which to downcycle this molecule. Many flame retardants (FRs) used in epoxy are synthesized from petroleum-based monomers. Various bio-based modifiers have been developed, but increasing the flame retardancy of the system without trade-offs with other properties has proved challenging. In this work, TA is incorporated into the thermoset. The molecular behavior of the system was dependent on the TA loading, with low concentrations causing the molecule to be surface-functionalized, while at higher concentrations the molecule was cross-linked into the network. -
Wattles of the City of Whittlesea
Wattles of the City of Whittlesea PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY ON PRIVATE LAND SERIES Wattles of the City of Whittlesea Over a dozen species of wattle are indigenous to the City of Whittlesea and many other wattle species are commonly grown in gardens. Most of the indigenous species are commonly found in the forested hills and the native forests in the northern parts of the municipality, with some species persisting along country roadsides, in smaller reserves and along creeks. Wattles are truly amazing • Wattles have multiple uses for Australian plants indigenous peoples, with most species used for food, medicine • There are more wattle species than and/or tools. any other plant genus in Australia • Wattle seeds have very hard coats (over 1000 species and subspecies). which mean they can survive in the • Wattles, like peas, fix nitrogen in ground for decades, waiting for a the soil, making them excellent cool fire to stimulate germination. for developing gardens and in • Australia’s floral emblem is a wattle: revegetation projects. Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) • Many species of insects (including and this is one of Whittlesea’s local some butterflies) breed only on species specific species of wattles, making • In Victoria there is at least one them a central focus of biodiversity. wattle species in flower at all times • Wattle seeds and the insects of the year. In the Whittlesea attracted to wattle flowers are an area, there is an indigenous wattle important food source for most bird in flower from February to early species including Black Cockatoos December. and honeyeaters. Caterpillars of the Imperial Blue Butterfly are only found on wattles RB 3 Basic terminology • ‘Wattle’ = Acacia Wattle is the common name and Acacia the scientific name for this well-known group of similar / related species. -
Acacia Mearnsii) in the Tsomo Valley in Eastern Cape: Consequences on the Water Recharge and Soil Dynamics (An Ongoing Study)
Grassroots: Newsletter of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa ▪ May 2009 ▪ Vol. 9 ▪ No. 2 Impact of the removal of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) in the Tsomo Valley in Eastern Cape: Consequences on the water recharge and soil dynamics (an ongoing study) HPM Moyo, S Dube and AO Fatunbi Department of Livestock and Pasture Sciences, University of Fort Hare Email: [email protected] lack wattle (Acacia mearnsii) (Galatowitsch and Richardson is a fast growing leguminous 2004). Acacia mearnsii ranks first in B (nitrogen fixing) tree and it is water use among invasive species, often used as a commercial source using 25% of the total amount, and of tannins and a source of fire wood is estimated to reduce mean annual for local communities (DWAF 1997). runoff by 7% in South Africa (Dye Riparian ecosystems are widely re- and Jarmain 2004). The invasive garded as being highly prone to in- ability of this species is partly due to vasion by alien plants, especially A. its ability to produce large numbers mearnsii, largely because of their of long-lived seeds (which may be dynamic hydrology, nutrient levels, triggered to germinate by fires) and and ability to disperse propagules the development of a large crown (Galatowitsch and Richardson that shades other vegetation (Nyoka 2004). Disturbing native vegetation 2003). also causes invasion as this often Acacia mearnsii threatens na- prepares a seed bed for invader spe- tive habitats by competing with in- cies (DWAF 1997). Native fynbos digenous vegetation, replacing grass tree species lack mycorrhyzal asso- communities; reducing native biodi- ciates and therefore are less efficient versity and increasing water loss at nutrient uptake (Smita 1998), from the riparian zones (Nyoka leading to them being out-competed 2003). -
Mangifera Indica) Cultivars from the Colombian Caribbean
Vol. 11(7), pp. 144-152, 17 February, 2017 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2017.6335 Article Number: 94A673D62820 ISSN 1996-0875 Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Copyright © 2017 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Full Length Research Paper Mangiferin content, carotenoids, tannins and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of six mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars from the Colombian Caribbean Marcela Morales1, Santiago Zapata1, Tania R. Jaimes1, Stephania Rosales1, Andrés F. Alzate1, Maria Elena Maldonado2, Pedro Zamorano3 and Benjamín A. Rojano1* 1Laboratorio Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia. 2Escuela de nutrición, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 3Graduate School, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile. Received 18 January, 2017; Accepted 13 February, 2017 Mango is one of the tropical fruits of greater production and consumption in the world, and a rich source of bioactive compounds, with various functional properties such as antioxidant activity. In Colombia, mango’s market is very broad and diverse. However, there are very few studies that determined the content of bioactive secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to evaluated the content of different metabolites like Mangiferin, carotenoids, tannins, and the antioxidant capacity by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methodology of six cultivars from the Colombian Caribbean region, with total carotenoid values ranging from 24.67 to 196.15 mg of β-carotene/100 g dry pulp; 84.30 to 161.49 mg Catequine eq./100 g dry pulp for the content of condensed tannins, and 91.80 to 259.23 mg/100 g dry pulp for mangiferin content. -
The Use of Plants in the Traditional Management of Diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and Toxicological Considerations
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155 (2014) 857–924 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep Review The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: Pharmacological and toxicological considerations Udoamaka F. Ezuruike n, Jose M. Prieto 1 Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Ethnopharmacological relevance: The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is Received 15 November 2013 now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of Received in revised form herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby 26 May 2014 carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on Accepted 26 May 2014 the available evidence on the species' pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their Available online 12 June 2014 therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country's healthcare Keywords: system. Diabetes Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic Nigeria databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants Ethnopharmacology used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Herb–drug interactions Nigeria. ‘Diabetes’ and ‘Nigeria’ were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then ‘Plant name – WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy accepted or synonyms’, ‘Constituents’, ‘Drug interaction’ and/or ‘Toxicity’ for the secondary searches. -
Large-Scale Screening of 239 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts for Their Antibacterial Activities Against Multidrug-R
pathogens Article Large-Scale Screening of 239 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts for Their Antibacterial Activities against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Cytotoxic Activities Gowoon Kim 1, Ren-You Gan 1,2,* , Dan Zhang 1, Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha 1, Olivier Habimana 3, Vuyo Mavumengwana 4 , Hua-Bin Li 5 , Xiao-Hong Wang 6 and Harold Corke 1,* 1 Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; [email protected] (G.K.); [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (A.K.F.) 2 Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; [email protected] 4 DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; [email protected] 5 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; [email protected] 6 College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.-Y.G.); [email protected] (H.C.) Received: 3 February 2020; Accepted: 29 February 2020; Published: 4 March 2020 Abstract: Novel alternative antibacterial compounds have been persistently explored from plants as natural sources to overcome antibiotic resistance leading to serious foodborne bacterial illnesses. -
Herbal Insomnia Medications That Target Gabaergic Systems: a Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Neuropharmacology, 2014, 12, 000-000 1 Herbal Insomnia Medications that Target GABAergic Systems: A Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence Yuan Shia, Jing-Wen Donga, Jiang-He Zhaob, Li-Na Tanga and Jian-Jun Zhanga,* aState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China; bDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Marine, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China Abstract: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder which is prevalent in women and the elderly. Current insomnia drugs mainly target the -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, melatonin receptor, histamine receptor, orexin, and serotonin receptor. GABAA receptor modulators are ordinarily used to manage insomnia, but they are known to affect sleep maintenance, including residual effects, tolerance, and dependence. In an effort to discover new drugs that relieve insomnia symptoms while avoiding side effects, numerous studies focusing on the neurotransmitter GABA and herbal medicines have been conducted. Traditional herbal medicines, such as Piper methysticum and the seed of Zizyphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa, have been widely reported to improve sleep and other mental disorders. These herbal medicines have been applied for many years in folk medicine, and extracts of these medicines have been used to study their pharmacological actions and mechanisms. Although effective and relatively safe, natural plant products have some side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and skin reactions effects of Piper methysticum. In addition, there are insufficient evidences to certify the safety of most traditional herbal medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding a variety of natural plant products that are commonly used to treat insomnia to facilitate future studies. -
Antioxidant Rich Extracts of Terminalia Ferdinandiana Inhibit the Growth of Foodborne Bacteria
foods Article Antioxidant Rich Extracts of Terminalia ferdinandiana Inhibit the Growth of Foodborne Bacteria Saleha Akter 1 , Michael E. Netzel 1, Ujang Tinggi 2, Simone A. Osborne 3, Mary T. Fletcher 1 and Yasmina Sultanbawa 1,* 1 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia 2 Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia 3 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +617-344-32471 Received: 26 June 2019; Accepted: 20 July 2019; Published: 24 July 2019 Abstract: Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum) is a native Australian plant containing phytochemicals with antioxidant capacity. In the search for alternatives to synthetic preservatives, antioxidants from plants and herbs are increasingly being investigated for the preservation of food. In this study, extracts were prepared from Terminalia ferdinandiana fruit, leaves, seedcoats, and bark using different solvents. Hydrolysable and condensed tannin contents in the extracts were determined, as well as antioxidant capacity, by measuring the total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical scavenging activity using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total phenolic content was higher in the fruits and barks with methanol extracts, containing the highest TPC, hydrolysable tannins, and DPPH-free radical scavenging capacity (12.2 2.8 g/100 g dry weight ± (DW), 55 2 mg/100 g DW, and 93% respectively). Saponins and condensed tannins were highest in ± bark extracts (7.0 0.2 and 6.5 0.7 g/100 g DW). -
Effect of Seed Size, Pre-Sowing Treatments and Potting Mixture on Seedlings Growth Character and Biomass Production Under Nurser
International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(4): 1502-1507 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2019; 7(4): 1502-1507 Effect of seed size, pre-sowing treatments and © 2019 IJCS Received: 04-05-2019 potting mixture on seedlings growth character Accepted: 06-06-2019 and biomass production under nursery conditions Akoijam Benjamin of Terminalia chebula Retz Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India Akoijam Benjamin, Salam Dilip, Gurumayum Ranibala and Naorem Bidyaleima Chanu Salam Dilip Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, Manipur Abstract University, Imphal, Manipur, The experiment conducted aims in improving seed germination, seedling growth and biomass production India of Terminalia chebula. For the experiment, the depulped fruits were graded into three different sizes on the basis of length and were subjected to eight pre-sowing treatments and followed by transplanting Gurumayum Ranibala seedlings in three different potting mixtures. It was evident from the study that large size seeds (L3) Department of Forestry & excelled in all germination, growth and seedling biomass parameters. Among treatments, maximum Environmental Science, Manipur germination parameters were recorded from T8 (nicking at broad end then soaking in ordinary water for University, Imphal, Manipur, 36 hours). Among seed size and pre-sowing treatment combinations, most successful result was observed India from large size seeds subjected to nicking at broad end then soaking in ordinary water for 36 hours (T8L3). Among three different potting mixtures, seedlings transplanted in the potting mixture M3 (Soil: Naorem Bidyaleima Chanu College of Horticulture & Sand: FYM-1:2:3) exerted significantly maximum seedlings growth and biomass production under Forestry, Central Agricultural nursery conditions. -
ABSTRACT LIU, XIN. Extraction and Anti-Bacterial Effects of Edible
ABSTRACT LIU, XIN. Extraction and Anti-Bacterial Effects of Edible Brown Algae Extracts. (Under the direction of Dr. Wenqiao Yuan). The desire to obtain natural phytochemicals with promising bioactivity and few or no side effects has been the motivation for investigating extraction processes for plants. These bioactivities make phytochemicals as potential food-preservation agents due to their effects of inhibiting lipid oxidation and spoilage microorganism growth, thus preventing food deterioration. In this study, extraction optimization of bioactive compounds from edible brown algae and their food preservation effects were investigated via the five objectives below. The first objective was to study the effects of extraction temperature (30 to 70℃), liquid-to-solid ratio (10 to 90 mL/g), and ethanol concentration (20 to 100%) of an ethanol-water binary solvent system on extracts from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum. Most extracts showed higher total phenol content (TPC), total carbohydrate content (TCC) and antioxidant activity before rotary evaporation. The strongest antioxidant activity was observed at low temperature (30 and 40℃), low liquid-to-solid ratio (30 mL/g), and high ethanol concentration (80 and 100%), suggesting that the antioxidants of A. nodosum were thermal sensitive and had low polarity. The second objective was to optimize the extraction process using Box-Benhken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The conditions for maximum antioxidant activity of the crude extract were found at 70 mL/g, 80% ethanol, and 20℃, while the conditions for the highest crude extract yield were at 60℃, 50.02 mL/g, and 45.65% ethanol. The model- predicted antioxidant activity and yield were 72.75 mL/mg and 55.68 mg/g, respectively, which were in close agreement with the experimental results of 74.05±0.51 mL/mg and 56.41±2.59 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that the models could accurately predict and improve the extraction of antioxidants from A. -
Advances in Distilled Beverages Authenticity and Quality Testing Teodora Emilia Coldea, Elena Mudura and Carmen Socaciu Teodora Emilia Coldea, Elena Mudura And
Chapter 6 Advances in Distilled Beverages Authenticity and Quality Testing Teodora Emilia Coldea, Elena Mudura and Carmen Socaciu Teodora Emilia Coldea, Elena Mudura and CarmenAdditional information Socaciu is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72041 Abstract Given the advent of the consumers and producers demands, researches are focusing lately to develop innovative, cost-effective, progressively complex alcoholic beverages. As alco- hol consumption has a heavy impact on social environment and health, fast and safe solu- tions for industrial application are needed. In this chapter, the recent advances in the field of alcoholic beverages authenticity and quality testing are summarised. Solutions for the online monitoring of the process of distilled beverages are offered and the recent methods for identification of raw material and process formed biomarkers of distilled beverages are presented. Keywords: distilled beverages, authenticity, biomarkers 1. Introduction Distilled beverages are important for consumers, producers and agricultural sector. Last decades presented us continuously changed requirements and descriptive practices for high level of consumer’s protection with impact on the market transparency and fair competition. Both traditional methods and innovative technologies applied in distilled beverages production are focusing on their quality improvement. The principal requirement set for an alcoholic beverage can be summarised as: are intended for human consumption, have specific sensory properties, with a minimum ethyl alcohol content of 15% v/v produced either by distillation with addition of flavourings, of naturally fermented products, or by addition of plant ethanol macerates, or by blending of flavourings, sugars, other © 2016 The Author(s). -
Intereferents in Condensed Tannins Quantification by the Vanillin Assay
INTEREFERENTS IN CONDENSED TANNINS QUANTIFICATION BY THE VANILLIN ASSAY IOANNA MAVRIKOU Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Vinifera EuroMaster – European Master of Sciences of Viticulture and Oenology Orientador: Professor Jorge Ricardo da Silva Júri: Presidente: Olga Laureano, Investigadora Coordenadora, UTL/ISA Vogais: - Antonio Morata, Professor, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid - Jorge Ricardo da Silva, Professor, UTL/ISA Lisboa, 2012 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank the Vinifera EuroMaster consortium for giving me the opportunity to participate in the M.Sc. of Viticulture and Enology. Moreover, I would like to express my appreciation to the leading universities and the professors from all around the world for sharing their scientific knowledge and experiences with us and improving day by day the program through mobility. Furthermore, I would like to thank the ISA/UTL University of Lisbon and the personnel working in the laboratory of Enology for providing me with tools, help and a great working environment during the experimental period of this thesis. Special acknowledge to my Professor Jorge Ricardo Da Silva for tutoring me throughout my experiment, but also for the chance to think freely and go deeper to the field of phenols. Last but most important, I would like to extend my special thanks to my family and friends for being a true support and inspiration in every doubt and decision. 1 UTL/ISA University of Lisbon “Vinifera Euromaster” European Master of Science in Viticulture&Oenology Ioanna Mavrikou: Inteferents in condensed tannins quantification with vanillin assay MSc Thesis: 67 pages Key Words: Proanthocyanidins; Interference substances; Phenols; Vanillin assay Abstract Different methods have been established in order to perform accurately the quantification of the condensed tannins in various plant products and beverages.