A Model for Development of a Telecommunications Satellite Network for Administrative, Educational and Other Purposes in a Private Organization
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NTIA Technical Report TR-78-9 Current Activities in Small Earth
NTtA-REPORT -78-9 Current Activities in Small Earth Terminal Satellite Domestic Telecommunications Paul I. Wells u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary Henry Geller, Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information August 1978 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ABSTRACT 1 1. INTRODUCTION. 1 2 . DOMESTIC S,ATELLITES - PRESENT AND PLANNED 2 2.1. Domestic Satellite Technical Characteristics 6 2.1.1. Western Union WESTAR Satellite 6 2.1.2. RCA Americom SATCOM Satellite 6 2.1.3. Comsat General COMSTAR Satellite 8 2.1.4. S~tellite Business Systems ~pacecraft 10 2.2. Domestic Satellite Channel Capacity 10 2.3. Multiple Access in Satellite Communications 11 3. DOMESTIC EARTH STATIONS - PRESENT AND PLANNED 14 3.1. Domesti~ Earth Station Applications 15 3 .1.1. Point~to-poi,nt Communication Services 15 3 .1. 2. Point-'to-Multipoint Communication Services 16 3.2. Domestic Earth Stati6rt Facilities 17 3.3. Domestic Eart'h Station Equipment Costs 19 4. PREPARATION FOR THE GENERAL WARC IN 1979 31 4.1. Allocations for Fixed- and Broad~asting- Satellite Service 36 4.1.1. 2.50 GHz to 2.69 GHz 52 4.1.2. 3.4 GHz to 3.7 GHZ 56 4.1.3. 3.70 GHz to 4.20 GHz 57 4 . 1. 4. 4.40 GHz to 4.70 GHz 57 4.1.5. 5.725 GHz to 5.925 GHz 58 4.1.6. 7.25 GHz to 7.75 GHz 58 4.1.7. 7.90 GHz to 8.40 GHz 58 4.1.8. -
Introduction to Satellite Communication 3Rd Edition
Introduction to Satellite Communication Third Edition For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Space Application Series, turn to the back of this book. Introduction to Satellite Communication Third Edition Bruce R. Elbert Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-13: 978-1-59693-210-4 Cover design by Yekaterina Ratner 2008 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. 10987654321 Contents Preface xi CHAPTER 1 Fundamentals of Satellite Systems 1 1.1 Basic Characteristics of Satellites 1 1.1.1 Advantages of Satellite Communication 7 1.1.2 Use of Microwave Frequencies 11 1.1.3 Digital Transmission, Compression, and Routing 12 1.1.4 Improved Space Platforms and Launching Systems 13 1.1.5 Integration with Terrestrial -
Lanzamientos De Satelites Notificados En 1974
This electronic version (PDF) was scanned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Library & Archives Service from an original paper document in the ITU Library & Archives collections. La présente version électronique (PDF) a été numérisée par le Service de la bibliothèque et des archives de l'Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) à partir d'un document papier original des collections de ce service. Esta versión electrónica (PDF) ha sido escaneada por el Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) a partir de un documento impreso original de las colecciones del Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la UIT. (ITU) ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ (PDF) ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ ً◌ 此电子版(PDF版本)由国际电信联盟(ITU)图书馆和档案室利用存于该处的纸质文件扫描提供。 Настоящий электронный вариант (PDF) был подготовлен в библиотечно-архивной службе Международного союза электросвязи путем сканирования исходного документа в бумажной форме из библиотечно-архивной службы МСЭ. © International Telecommunication Union lanzamientos de satélites notificados en 1974 Esta lista integra los satélites artificiales lanzados en 1974; está basada en los datos proporcionados por las administraciones de telecomunicaciones, el Comité de Investigaciones Espaciales (COSPAR), el Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC — Centro de Vuelos Espaciales Goddard) de la Administración Nacional de la Aeronáutica y del Espacio (NASA), de Estados Unidos, el Ministerio de Comunicaciones de la URSS, el Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES), de Francia, la Junta Internacional de Registro de Frecuencias (IFRB), uno de los cuatro organismos permanentes de la UIT, y en las informaciones publicadas por la prensa especializada. -
United States Space Program Firsts
KSC Historical Report 18 KHR-18 Rev. December 2003 UNITED STATES SPACE PROGRAM FIRSTS Robotic & Human Mission Firsts Kennedy Space Center Library Archives Kennedy Space Center, Florida Foreword This summary of the United States space program firsts was compiled from various reference publications available in the Kennedy Space Center Library Archives. The list is divided into four sections. Robotic mission firsts, Human mission firsts, Space Shuttle mission firsts and Space Station mission firsts. Researched and prepared by: Barbara E. Green Kennedy Space Center Library Archives Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899 phone: [321] 867-2407 i Contents Robotic Mission Firsts ……………………..........................……………...........……………1-4 Satellites, missiles and rockets 1950 - 1986 Early Human Spaceflight Firsts …………………………............................……........…..……5-8 Projects Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab and Apollo Soyuz Test Project 1961 - 1975 Space Shuttle Firsts …………………………….........................…………........……………..9-12 Space Transportation System 1977 - 2003 Space Station Firsts …………………………….........................…………........………………..13 International Space Station 1998-2___ Bibliography …………………………………..............................…………........…………….....…14 ii KHR-18 Rev. December 2003 DATE ROBOTIC EVENTS MISSION 07/24/1950 First missile launched at Cape Canaveral. Bumper V-2 08/20/1953 First Redstone missile was fired. Redstone 1 12/17/1957 First long range weapon launched. Atlas ICBM 01/31/1958 First satellite launched by U.S. Explorer 1 10/11/1958 First observations of Earth’s and interplanetary magnetic field. Pioneer 1 12/13/1958 First capsule containing living cargo, squirrel monkey, Gordo. Although not Bioflight 1 a NASA mission, data was utilized in Project Mercury planning. 12/18/1958 First communications satellite placed in space. Once in place, Brigadier Project Score General Goodpaster passed a message to President Eisenhower 02/17/1959 First fully instrumented Vanguard payload. -
Repertoire Des Satellites Artificiels Lances En 1974
This electronic version (PDF) was scanned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Library & Archives Service from an original paper document in the ITU Library & Archives collections. La présente version électronique (PDF) a été numérisée par le Service de la bibliothèque et des archives de l'Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) à partir d'un document papier original des collections de ce service. Esta versión electrónica (PDF) ha sido escaneada por el Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) a partir de un documento impreso original de las colecciones del Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la UIT. (ITU) ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ (PDF) ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ ً◌ 此电子版(PDF版本)由国际电信联盟(ITU)图书馆和档案室利用存于该处的纸质文件扫描提供。 Настоящий электронный вариант (PDF) был подготовлен в библиотечно-архивной службе Международного союза электросвязи путем сканирования исходного документа в бумажной форме из библиотечно-архивной службы МСЭ. © International Telecommunication Union répertoire des satellites artificiels lancés en 1974 Cette liste comprend les satellites artificiels lancés en 1974. Elle a été établie à partir d'informations provenant des administrations des télécommunications, du Comité pour les recherches spatiales (COSPAR), du Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) de l'Administration nationale de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (NASA) des Etats-Unis, du ministère des Communications de l'URSS, du Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES), France, du Comité international d'enregistrement des fréquences (IFRB), l'un des quatre organismes permanents de l'UlT, et d'informations parues dans la presse spécialisée. -
SPACE APPLICATIONS **DB Chap 2 (09-56) 1/17/02 2:15 PM Page 11
**DB Chap 2 (09-56) 1/17/02 2:15 PM Page 9 CHAPTER TWO SPACE APPLICATIONS **DB Chap 2 (09-56) 1/17/02 2:15 PM Page 11 CHAPTER TWO SPACE APPLICATIONS Introduction From NASA’s inception, the application of space research and tech- nology to specific needs of the United States and the world has been a pri- mary agency focus. The years from 1979 to 1988 were no exception, and the advent of the Space Shuttle added new ways of gathering data for these purposes. NASA had the option of using instruments that remained aboard the Shuttle to conduct its experiments in a microgravity environ- ment, as well as to deploy instrument-laden satellites into space. In addi- tion, investigators could deploy and retrieve satellites using the remote manipulator system, the Shuttle could carry sensors that monitored the environment at varying distances from the Shuttle, and payload special- ists could monitor and work with experimental equipment and materials in real time. The Shuttle also allowed experiments to be performed directly on human beings. The astronauts themselves were unique laboratory ani- mals, and their responses to the microgravity environment in which they worked and lived were thoroughly monitored and documented. In addition to the applications missions conducted aboard the Shuttle, NASA launched ninety-one applications satellites during the decade, most of which went into successful orbit and achieved their mission objectives. NASA’s degree of involvement with these missions varied. In some, NASA was the primary participant. Some were cooperative mis- sions with other agencies. In still others, NASA provided only launch support. -
Aeronautics a the Present Space*P
Space Aeronautics a *P the Present Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 1982 Activities National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. 20546 Contents Page Page Summary . 1 Environmental Protection Agency . 71 Communications . 2 National Science Foundation 72 Earth's Resources and Environment 3 Astronomy . 72 Space Science . ... 3 Atmospheric Sciences . 72 Space Transportation ... 5 Smithsonian Institution 75 Aeronautics ... 5 Space Sciences . 75 Space Energy . 7 Planetary Science . 76 National Aeronautics and Space History of Space Science ... 76 Administration . 9 Department of State 77 Applications to the Earth ... 9 Activities within the United Nations . 77 Science 12 Communications Satellites . 78 Space Transportation . 15 Space Research and Technology 19 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 79 Space Tracking and Data Systems . 21 Space Policy . 79 Aeronautical Research and Technology 22 Multilateral Discussions on Space Arms Department of Defense • 27 Control . 79 Space Activities 27 UNISPACE'82 . 79 Aeronautical Activities . 31 Space Conference . 79 Space and Aeronautical Support . 37 United States Information Agency 81 Cooperation with NASA . 39 Space Shuttle 81 Department of Commerce . 41 UNISPACE '82 81 Space Systems . 41 Other Programs 82 Other Uses of Satellites . 47 Space Support Activities . 49 Space and Atmospheric Research 50 Appendixes Aeronautical Programs 52 Department of Energy 53 A-l U S Spacecraft Record 83 Space Applications of Nuclear Power 53 A-2 World Record of Space Launches Nuclear Waste Disposal . 54 Successful in Attaining Earth Oibit or Remote Sensing of the Earth 54 Beyond . 83 Nuclear Test Detection ... 54 A-3 Successful U S Launchmgs-1982 84 Department of the Interior . 55 B-l US -Launched Applications Satellites, Earth Resources Observation Systems 1977-1982 88 Office 55 B-2 U S -Launched Scientific Satellites, Monitoring the Environment 56 1977-1982 89 Geology . -
NASA, the First 25 Years: 1958-83. a Resource for the Book
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 252 377 SE 045 294 AUTHOR Thorne, Muriel M., Ed. TITLE NASA, The First 25 Years: 1958-83. A Resource for Teachers. A Curriculum Project. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO EP-182 PUB DATE 83 NOTE 132p.; Some colored photographs may not reproduce clearly. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Reference Materials - General (130) Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Aerospace Education; *Aerospace Technology; Energy; *Federal Programs; International Programs; Satellites (Aerospace); Science History; Secondary Education; *Secondary School Science; *Space Exploration; *Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS *National Aeronautics and Space Administration ABSTRACT This book is designed to serve as a reference base from which teachers can develop classroom concepts and activities related to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The book consists of a prologue, ten chapters, an epilogue, and two appendices. The prologue contains a brief survey of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, NASA's predecessor. The first chapter introduces NASA--the agency, its physical plant, and its mission. Succeeding chapters are devoted to these NASA program areas: aeronautics; applications satellites; energy research; international programs; launch vehicles; space flight; technology utilization; and data systems. Major NASA projects are listed chronologically within each of these program areas. Each chapter concludes with ideas for the classroom. The epilogue offers some perspectives on NASA's first 25 years and a glimpse of the future. Appendices include a record of NASA launches and a list of the NASA educational service offices. -
NASA HISTORICAL DATA BOOK Volume VI
Databook Front (IV) 1/17/02 12:20 PM Page i NASA SP-2000-4012 NASA HISTORICAL DATA BOOK Volume VI NASA Space Applications, Aeronautics and Space Research and Technology, Tracking and Data Acquisition/Support Operations, Commercial Programs, and Resources 1979–1988 Judy A. Rumerman The NASA History Series National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA History Office Office of Policy and Plans Washington, D.C. 2000 Databook Front (IV) 1/17/02 12:20 PM Page ii Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data (Revised for Vol. 6) NASA historical data book. (The NASA historical series) (NASA SP ; 2000-4012) Vol. 1 is a republication of: NASA historical data book, 1958–1968. / Jane Van Nimmen and Leonard C. Bruno. Vol. 6 in series: The NASA history series. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: v. 1 NASA resources, 1958–1968 / Jane Van Nimmen and Leonard C. Bruno — v. 2. Programs and projects, 1958–1968 / Linda Neuman Ezell — v. 3. Programs and pro- jects, 1969—1978 / Linda Neuman Ezell — v. 4. NASA resources, 1969–1978 / Ihor Gawdiak with Helen Fedor — v. 5. NASA launch systems, space transportation, human spaceflight, and space science, 1979–1988 / Judy A. Rumerman — v. 6. NASA space applications, aeronautics and space research and technology, tracking and data acquisition/support operations, commercial programs, and resources, 1979–1988 / Judy A. Rumerman. 1. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration—History. I. Van Nimmen, Jane. II. Bruno, Leonard C. III. Ezell, Linda Neuman. IV. Gawdiak, Ihor. V. Rumerman, Judy A. VI. Rumerman, Judy A. VII. Series. VIII. Series: NASA SP ; 2000-4012. -
Origins of Nasa Names
NASA SP-4402 ORIGINS OF NASA NAMES Helen T. Wells, Susan H. Whiteley, and Carrie E. Karegeannes The NASA History Series S<ientifi• and Te<hnhal Information Offi•e 1976 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D.C. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Wells, Helen T Origins of NASA names. (NASA SP ; 4402) Includes bibliographical references and index. Supt. ofDocs. no.: NAS 1.21:4402 I. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2. Astronautics-United States. 3. Aeronautics-United States. I. Whiteley, Susan H., joint author. II. Karegeannes, Carrie E., joint author. Ill. Title. IV. Title: NASA names. V. Series: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA SP; 4402. TL521.312. W45 629.4'0973 76-608131 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $3.65 Stock Number033-000-00636-5 Library ofCongress Catalog Card Number 75-600069 FOREWORD This book was started many years ago. From time to time, the work was interrupted in favor of tasks that seemed more pressing. Meanwhile, the number of names generated by NASA continued to grow, and the work to be done increased. Now it has been brought to completion, and I am happy to offer it to the public. From the number of times the staff has consulted the manuscript to answer telephone queries, the publication should prove useful. MONTE D. WRIGHT Director, NASA History Office June 1975 CONTENTS Page Foreword . iii Preface . vii Note . ix I. Launch Vehicles . 1 II. Satellites . 29 III. Space Probes; . 81 IV. -
Index Name Designation Page Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers: See AMPTE Advanced Meteorological Satellite: See AM
Index Name Designation Page Name Designation Page A Apollo 13 1970-29A 223 Active Magnetospheric II 14 1971-08A 250 Particle Tracer Explorers: II 15 1971-63A 266 see AMPTE II 16 1972-31A 294 Advanced Meteorological II 17 1972-96A 316 Satellite: see AMS II 18 (ASTP) 1975-66A 412 Advanced Space Technology Apollo Model 1 1964-25A 51 II II 2 Experiments: see ASTEX 1964-57A 60 AE-B 1966-44A 108 II II 3 1965-09B 68 AE-C 1973-lOlA 352 II II 4 1965-39B 78 II II 5 AE-D 1975-96A 421 1965-60B 84 AE-E 1975-107A 425 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: AEM 1 1978-41A 529 see ASTP II 2 1979-13A 562 Apple · 1981-57B 650 Aeros 1 1972-lOOA 318 Applications Explorer II 2 1974-55A 373 Mission: see AEM Agena: see Atlas Agena Applications Technology Thor Agena Satellite: see ATS Thorad Agena Arabsat lA 1985-15A 819 Titan Agena II 1B 1985-48C 832 Ajisai 1986-61A 879 Ariane 1-01 1979-104A 593 Alouette 1 1962 Pal 27 II 1-03 1981-57A 650 II 2 1965-98A 94 II 1-04 1981-122A 674 Altair: see Thor Altair II 1-06 1983-58A 738 American Satellite Co: II 1-07 1983-105A 757 see ASC II 1-08 1984-23A 774 American Telegraph & II 1-09 1984-49A 784 Telephone Co: see II 1-10 1985-56B 835 Telstar II 1-11 1986-19A 865 AMPTE 1984-88 798 II 3-01 1984-81A 796 AMS 1 1976-91A 462 II 3-02 1984-114A 809 II 2 1977-44A 490 II 3-03 1985-15A 819 II 3 1978-42A 529 " 3-04 1985-35A 826 II 4 1979-SOA 574 " 3 .. -
Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1974
NASA SP-4019 ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1974 A Chronology by Nancy L. Brun The NASA History Series Scientific and Technical Information Ofice 1977 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Wmhington, D.C. For sale bjr the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price (paper cover) $4.90 Stock Number 033-000-00661-6 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 65-60308 Foreword New technology in a rapidly advancing space age remains a challenge, but this chronological collection of aeronautical and space events of 1974 shows that the emphasis in technology has shifted from the problems of how to operate in air and space to the practical use of those environments to meet human needs. Of NASA’s16 payloads launched during the year, 7 were operational satellites, expected to produce profits for their owners. Three of the nine experimental spacecraft were launched to develop technology for applica- tions. Although the immediate use of technology was emphasized in 1974,’ NASA also looked to the future. A little more than a third-six spacecraft- were launched for scientific investigations, an investment in tomorrow. Other nations and commercial interests increasingly joined us in efforts to explore and use space. In NASA’s1974 total, 11 spacecraft were paid for by non-NASA users; 10 were international. In addition, two Italian launches used NASA launch vehicles. Operational satellites-all of whose costs, including launch costs, were paid for by others-included six for comunications, two of them the first US. domestic communications satellites and four for other nations or international groups. And a new operational weather satellite joined the network that reports data from pole to pole.