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Dive Lights Assessment Report
System Assessment and Validation for Emergency Responders (SAVER) Dive Lights Assessment Report September 2015 Prepared by Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Atlantic Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. The Dive Lights Assessment Report was funded under Interagency Agreement No. HSHQPM-14-X-00064 from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Government. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, processes, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government. The information and statements contained herein shall not be used for the purposes of advertising, nor to imply the endorsement or recommendation of the U.S. Government. With respect to documentation contained herein, neither the U.S. Government nor any of its employees make any warranty, express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Further, neither the U.S. Government nor any of its employees assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed; nor do they represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. The cover photo and images included herein were provided by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Atlantic. FOREWORD The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) established the System Assessment and Validation for Emergency Responders (SAVER) Program to assist emergency responders making procurement decisions. -
How to Make Solo Rebreather Diving Safer
technical So,what’s Say that you dive on your own with wrong about a rebreather and wait for the reactions. matters bringing a Rubiks cube You’ll hear some nasty comments about along on a dive? you being an accident waiting to happen Discussions about diving never did a solo dive. The other 92 percent have done at least a few Column by are very often boring— solo dives, with 33 percent doing Cedric Verdier always the same stories mostly solo diving. about numerous sharks Of course, a poll only represents dangerously close, strong the opinion of a few individuals current ripping a mask off who want to answer the questions. It cannot be considered as the “big or friendly dolphins play- picture” of the entire rebreather ing during a deco stop. diver community. Nevertheless, it We heard them so many shows that some rebreather divers times. keep on diving solo, even if the perceived risk is so high… So, if you want to have some Why people don’t dive fun, simply say that you dive on solo with a rebreather? your own with a rebreather and Simply because that’s one wait for the reactions. You’ll hear of the most basic rules some nasty comments about one learns during the you being an accident waiting Open Water Diver to happen, and some people course: “Never dive will clearly show you their option alone”. It’s so famous about your mental health. that it’s almost a dogma. And it sounds Why? Because everybody so logical? knows that CCR Solo diving is the most stupid thing to do on Earth 1. -
Review of Diver Noise Exposure
doi:10.3723/ut.29.021 International Journal of the Society for Underwater Technology, Vol 29, No 1, pp 21–39, 2010 Review of diver noise exposure TG Anthony, NA Wright and MA Evans QinetiQ Ltd, Hampshire, UK Technical Paper Abstract • Assess the risk to all employees, including divers, Divers are exposed to high noise levels from a variety from noise at work of sources both above and below water. The noise • Take action to reduce the noise exposure that exposure should comply with `The Control of Noise produces these risks at Work Regulations 2005' (CoNaWR05, 2005). A • Provide hearing protection if the noise risk detailed review of diver noise exposure is presented, cannot be reduced sufficiently by other methods encompassing diver hearing, noise sources, exposure • Ensure legal limits on noise exposure are not levels and control measures. Divers are routinely exceeded exposed to a range of noise sources of sufficiently high • Provide employees with information, instruction intensity to cause auditory damage, and audiometric and training studies indicate that diver hearing is impaired by • Conduct health surveillance where there is a risk exposure to factors associated with diving. Human to health. hearing under water, in cases where the diver's ear is The CoNaWR05 requires employers to take wet, is less sensitive than in air and should be assessed specific action at certain noise action values. These using an underwater weighting scale. Manufacturers of relate to the levels of exposure to noise of divers diving equipment and employers of divers have a joint averaged over a working day or week and the responsibility to ensure compliance with the exposure maximum noise (peak sound pressure) to which values in the CoNaWR05, although noise is only one they may be exposed. -
Siebe Gorman
dr" www.mcdoa.org.uk The design is simple and strong, clamping mechanism has been ini proved, and the valve is made ( Imo corrosive chrome-Bladed brass. Safety AIR RESERVE VALVE The wets are fitted with 11,7401'N'I` Valve. in It cannot be left 11,14.1111,111111ty on `Reserve' when Lhe cylinder r, Comfort empty. '1'he valve has no cam no iou which can wear or jaw. HARNESS The new nylee welihnil harness is designed wilhotil, n i1iii.,1 strap, to make a wcir ld i„,i ) „„„.,, The Essgee 'Mistral' Aqualung by comfortable to weir. ' I' I rrin on Siebe, Gorman based on the famous quick-requick-release iiicl 1 1114 '11. Cousteau-Cagnan design has all the take off the set below Icny ) I li.. latest refinements that research has water, or jettison it i suggested and experiment realised. TWIN CYLINDER CONVERSION `§te DEMAND VALVE The double-lever You can convert, ,„101 ----4040aP action reduces opening resistance Aqualung into 41, twin sot, didolummolimosiiiiiiiiiill111111111111111111111111113mmi to a minimum, and the single stage * Write £0 Its fol. fall defisiln fif thy reduction gives maximum air-flow. Essgee 'Mistral'. N-7 The 5tebe, Gorman 'Mistral' - The World's most reliable Aqualung SIEBE, GORMAN & CO. LTD. E. Ng Neptune Works, Davis Road, `FILM MAKING'—see page 54 hit,8 Chessington, Surrey. SIEBE Telephone: Elmbridge 500() Iluommlimiliiiil 'ill? Manchester Office: 274, Deansgate. 1111111111!!!4""m41111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIiiii mil IIII Telephone: Deanegate 6000 GORMAN • -^°1,0" oh, COA9D1 & CO I TD. PDD ID. www.mcdoa.org.uk Vol. 8 No. 2 H.M.S. -
Public Safety Scuba Diving
Industry Guide 47 A Guide to Public Safety Diving N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Division N.C. Department of Labor 1101 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1101 Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor OSHA State Plan Designee Kevin Beauregard Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Scott Mabry Assistant Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Tom Savage Standards Officer Author Acknowledgments A Guide to Public Safety Diving has been prepared with materials and information from the General Industry Standards, 29 CFR 1910, Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations, and OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-151 (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration). This guide also contains information from sources such as U.S. Navy Diving Manual, National Association of Search and Rescue, California Department Fish and Game Diving Safety Manual, and the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 1670—Standard on Operations and Technical Search and Rescue. Through an existing alliance established between the N.C. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Divi- sion and the North Carolina Public Safety Divers’ Association (PSDA), a collaborative effort was established to make this guide possible. The PSDA board of directors provided expertise involving public safety diving in sharing best practices and technical knowledge. A special thanks to Chuck Elgin, North Carolina Underwater Response Team, for his dedication and hard work assisting in the development of this publication. This guide is intended to be consistent with all existing OSHA standards; therefore, if an area is considered by the reader to be inconsistent with a standard, then the OSHA standard should be followed. -
History of Scuba Diving About 500 BC: (Informa on Originally From
History of Scuba Diving nature", that would have taken advantage of this technique to sink ships and even commit murders. Some drawings, however, showed different kinds of snorkels and an air tank (to be carried on the breast) that presumably should have no external connecons. Other drawings showed a complete immersion kit, with a plunger suit which included a sort of About 500 BC: (Informaon originally from mask with a box for air. The project was so Herodotus): During a naval campaign the detailed that it included a urine collector, too. Greek Scyllis was taken aboard ship as prisoner by the Persian King Xerxes I. When Scyllis learned that Xerxes was to aack a Greek flolla, he seized a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians could not find him in the water and presumed he had drowned. Scyllis surfaced at night and made his way among all the ships in Xerxes's fleet, cung each ship loose from its moorings; he used a hollow reed as snorkel to remain unobserved. Then he swam nine miles (15 kilometers) to rejoin the Greeks off Cape Artemisium. 15th century: Leonardo da Vinci made the first known menon of air tanks in Italy: he 1772: Sieur Freminet tried to build a scuba wrote in his Atlanc Codex (Biblioteca device out of a barrel, but died from lack of Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems were used oxygen aer 20 minutes, as he merely at that me to arficially breathe under recycled the exhaled air untreated. water, but he did not explain them in detail due to what he described as "bad human 1776: David Brushnell invented the Turtle, first submarine to aack another ship. -
A History of Closed Circuit O2 Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) A HISTORY OF CLOSED CIRCUIT OXYGEN UNDEnWATER BRDA'1'HIllG AJ'PARATU'S, by , Dan Quiok Project 1/70 School of Underwater Medicine, H MAS PENGUIN, Naval P.O. Balmoral, IT S W .... 2091. May, 1970 Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Foreword. Page No. 1 Introduction. " 2 General History. " 3 History Il: Types of CCOUBA Used In 11 United Kingdom. " History & Types of CCOUBA Used In 46 Italy. " History & Types o:f CCOUBJl. Used In 54 Germany. " History & Types of CCOUEA Used In 67 Frr>.!1ce. " History·& Types of CeOUM Used In 76 United States of America. " Summary. " 83 References. " 89 Acknowledgements. " 91 Contributor. " 91 Alphabetical Index. " 92 Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) - 1 - FOREWORD I am very pleased to have the opportunity of introducing this history, having been responsible for the British development of the CCOt~ for special operations during World War II and afterwards. This is a unique and comprehensive summary of world wide development in this field. It is probably not realised what a vital part closed circuit breathing apparatus played in World War II. Apart from escapes from damaged and sunken submarines by means of the DSEA, and the special attacks on ships by human torpedoes and X-craft, including the mortal damage to the "Tirpitz", an important part of the invasion forces were the landing craft obstruction clearance units. These were special teams of frogmen in oxygen breathing sets who placed demolition charges on the formidable underwater obstructions along the north coast of France. -
Miller Manual
MILLER DIVING EQUIPMENT INC. Miller 400 Diving Helmet Maintenance Manual © Miller Diving All Rights Reserved Document # 030715001 1 MILLER 400 DIVING HELMET OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL Part # 100-900 TABLE OF CONTENTS WARRANTY ............................................................................................................................... 3 DEFINITIONS OF SIGNAL WORDS ........................................................................................ 4 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION .................................................................................. 5 SECTION 1: GENERAL INFORMATION 1-A INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 7 1-B GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF MILLER 400 ................................................ 7 SECTION 2: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND PROCEDURES 2-A PRE-DIVE PROCEDURE .................................................................................8 2-B DRESSING INTO THE MILLER HELMET ....................................................8 2-C OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS .......................................................................9 2-D EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ........................................................................9 2-E RECOMMENDED MATERIALS FOR MAINTENANCE .............................10 SECTION 3: DESCRIPTIONS, MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT 3-A HELMET SHELL ..............................................................................................12 3-B FACE PLATE AND FACE RING .....................................................................12 -
Techincal Memorandum 1 81
.c -...o ." CII Vl ... ..CII ~ Cl> ~c ::> o ~ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I AIDS TO UNDERWATER SEARCHING C D PAYNE Technical Memorandum No. 1/81 I I I The views and conclusions expressed in this memorandum are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the policy of the Police Department. The contents of this document have been given a restricted circulation and are not to be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the Home Office which should be sought from the Director, Police Scientific Development Branch. HOME OFFICE Police Scientific Development Branch Horseferry House Dean Ryle Street London SWIP 2AW I I I I CONTENTS I 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE PROBLEM OF UNDERWATER SEARCHING 3. TRIJ'.LS 3.1 Depth sounders 3.2 Sonars 3.3 Thorn-EMI acoustic imager 3.4 The fluxgate gradiometer 4. CONCLUSION 5. REFERENCES 6. FIGURES CIRCULATION I I I I I I I I I ; . SUr-U"J\RY At the recent request of the Association of Chief Police Office r s Diving Committee, Police Scientific Development Br-ancl! has been examining the latest develDpments in depth sounders and short range sonars, and their applicabtlity to police diving operations. Some limited trials have taken place and these are described. 1. INTRODUC'rION Police Scientific Development Branch has been examining the possibility of producing aids for police divers carrying out underwater searches ever since 1970. At that time a contract was awarded to Birmingham University to investigate the problem and to produce a high resolution sonar capable of imaging objects on the bottom of inland waterways. -
Bill's Cave Diving Lexicon
Bill’s Cave Diving Lexicon 120 Rule: Noticing from the Navy NDL table that, for certain depths, depth + bottom time = 120 so that the NDL can be determined by subtracting the depth from 120. 200 DIN: Thread depth in a DIN valve and associated pressure (200 BAR) that can be handled. This size (7 threads) allows for a DIN to yoke conversion. 300 DIN: Thread depth in a DIN valve that provides the most secure (9 threads) connection and can withstand 300 BAR pressure. 5 nines pure: 99.999% pure, as in a gas. 50-50: Gas mix of 50% oxygen and 50% nitrogen used for decompression gas. 6351-T6 Aluminum Alloy: Alloy that has had problems with tank ruptures. Absolute Pressure: Total pressure being exerted on a diver At sea level Absolute pressure is 1 ATA and it increases by 1 ATA for each 33fsw (34ffw). ADDD (Air, Duration, Depth, Distance): Limits for dive termination acronym minimum Air volume/pressure, maximum Duration of dive, maximum Depth of dive, and maximum Distance of penetration. ADV (Automatic Deflation Valve, and Automatic Diluent Valve ): Device on a buoyancy compensator that allows for rapid air purging, and device on a rebreather that dilutes the breathing mix. AGE (Arterial Gas Embolism): A lung expansion injury. A condition in which gas bubbles enter the arterial system and cause damage by blocking blood flow to vital organs, most commonly the brain. This is generally caused by air passing through the walls of the alveoli into the bloodstream. Air: A gas mixture of Oxygen (21%), Nitrogen (78%), and other gasses (1%, Helium, Argon, etc.). -
Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus
Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus Testing for Re-Inspired Carbon Dioxide Mike F. Ward February 26, 2020 © Copyright 2020 Dive Lab® Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Rev. February 25, 2020 Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus SECTION ONE PAGES 1.0 Understanding CO2 & Diving 1.1 Understanding the Effects of CO2 1.2 CO2 Production 1.3 Breathing Rate/ Work Rate 1.4 Re-inspired CO2 1.5 Primary Factors Influencing Re-inspired CO2 1.6 Dead Space 1.7 Gas Flow Path 1.8 Breathing Resistance 1.9 Improper Ventilation 1.10 Symptoms of CO2 Exposure 1.11 Minimizing CO2 for the Diver 1.12 Summary SECTION TWO 2.0 Measuring Re-inspired CO2 Concept 2.1 Breathing Rate/Work Rate 2.2 Primary Factors Influencing Re-inspired CO2 using a Breathing Simulator 2.3 Dead Space 2.4 Gas Flow Path 2.5 Breathing Resistance SECTION THREE 3.0 Basic Test Configuration 3.1 CO2 Sampling 3.2 System Calibration 3.3 CO2 Expression 3.4 CO2 Injection 3.5 Stabilizing End Tidal 3.6 Sample Delay 3.7 Understanding the Test Loop 3.8 Sample Catheter SECTION FOUR 4.0 European CE Breath by Breath Washout Testing © Copyright 2020 Dive Lab® Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Rev. February 25, 2020 Carbon Dioxide & Diving Apparatus ALPM Actual Liters Per Minute ATA Atmospheres Absolute - 1 ATA=14.7 psig BAR Bar - one bar = 14.5 psig BPM Breaths Per Minute CE Symbol for European Conformance ET End Tidal - the end of exhalation where gas flow stops ET CO2 End Tidal Carbon Dioxide - the level of CO2 in exhaled gas at the very end of exhalation EU European Union FSW Feet Sea Water J/L Joules Per Liter LPM Liters Per Minute MBR MILLIBARS - pressure measurement often used for atmospheric pressure readings and partial pressure reading of gases within a mixture of gases MSW Meter Sea Water PSI Pounds Per Square Inch PSIG Pounds Per Square Inch Gauge RMV Respiratory Minute Volume - the volume of gas moved in and out of the lungs in one minute. -
North American Buyers Guide 2013
NORTH AMERICAN BUYERS GUIDE 2013 www.whitesdiving.com www.whitesdiving.com CONTENTS HAZMAT PS DRYSUIT WHAT ARE POlyTEX SEALS? ____________________________________ 19 (PUBLIC SAFETY HAZMAT DIVER) ________________________________ 3 MK0 UNDERGARMENT ___________________________________________ 20 HAZMAT COM DRYSUIT MK1 UNDERGARMENT ___________________________________________ 21 (COMMERCIAL HAZMAT DIVER) __________________________________ 4 MK2 ONE PIECE UNDERGARMENT ______________________________ 22 PRO COM DRYSUIT (GENERAL PURPOSE COMMERCIAL DIVER) ______________________ 5 MK2 JACKET UNDERGARMENT _________________________________ 23 ENVIRO DRYSUIT _________________________________________________ 6 THERMAL FUSION UNDERGARMENT ____________________________ 24 ENVIRO HYBRID DRYSUIT ________________________________________ 7 HOODS - NEOPRENE _____________________________________________ 25 FUSION S.A.R. DRYSUIT HOODS - POLYTEX & CAPS ______________________________________ 26 (DIVE OR SURFACE/SWIMMER) ___________________________________ 8 GLOVES - NEOPRENE ____________________________________________ 27 FUSION L.E.* DRYSUIT (DIVE OR SURFACE/SWIMMER) ___________________________________ 9 GLOVES - COMMERCIAL _________________________________________ 28 KODIAK 360 S.A.R. DRYSUIT ____________________________________ 10 GLOVES & LINERS _______________________________________________ 29 KODIAK 360 L.E.* ________________________________________________ 11 GLOVES - RING SYSTEMS ________________________________________ 30 MOSS* S.A.R. DRYSUIT FOOTWEAR