Republic of Rwanda Ministry in Charge of Emergency

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Republic of Rwanda Ministry in Charge of Emergency REPUBLIC OF RWANDA MINISTRY IN CHARGE OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Jya Mbere Project/Socio-Economic Inclusion of Refugees and Host Communities Project (SEIRHCP) Quarter Two Progress Report October - December 2020 March 2021 1 Contents I. Executive Summary of the implementation period (October - December 2021) ................. 6 II. Update on the Implementation of Strategic Plan for Refugee Inclusion 2019-2024 ...........10 III. Implementation Progress by Component .........................................................................11 Component One: Access to Basic services and Socio-economic Investments ........................11 Sub-component 1(a): Access to basic services ..................................................................13 Sub-component 1(b): Socioeconomic Investments ...........................................................22 Component Two: Economic Opportunity .............................................................................24 Subcomponent 2(a): Access to finance ............................................................................24 Subcomponent 2(b): Capacity building for access to finance ............................................24 Component Three: Environmental Management .................................................................26 Component Four: Project Management/M&E......................................................................26 Staffing and provision of equipment ................................................................................26 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) ...................................................................................27 Compliance with Safeguards Policies ...............................................................................28 Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................................30 Technical Team (TT) & Project Steering Committee (PSC) Meetings ..................................31 Grievance Redress Mechanism ........................................................................................31 Strategic communications for raising awareness on refugees right to work ......................32 Capacity building.............................................................................................................33 Financial Management and Disbursements......................................................................33 Procurement implementation progress ...........................................................................33 V. Updates on the implementation of the second implementation support mission conducted from 5th to 9th October 2020 .................................................................................................34 VI. Key Challenges and way forward ........................................................................................37 VI. Key planned activities for Jan-March, 2021 ......................................................................37 VIII. Appendices......................................................................................................................39 Annex 1. Summary of stakeholder Engagement Activities ................................................39 Annex 2: Summary of progress against the results framework..........................................41 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Updates on implementation progress of SPRI .................................................................................................11 Table 2: Status of component one subprojects ..............................................................................................................12 Table 3: Progress of construction works for 40 classrooms in Gisagara District ........................................................13 Table 4: Number of casual labors per site for classrooms under construction in Gisagara District..........................14 Table 5: Summary of progress for ongoing feasibility studies for classrooms construction......................................16 Table 6: Summary of progress for supply of desks in existing schools in Gatsibo District.........................................17 Table 7: Number of students using supplied desks on existing schools in Gatsibo ....................................................17 Table 8: Number of casual workers for supply of desks at existing classrooms in Gatsibo .......................................17 Table 9: Implementation progress of feasibility studies for construction/upgrade of TVETs ...................................19 Table 10: Number of equipment lots supplied to the Ngarama Health Center ..........................................................20 Table 11: Implementation progress of health center subprojects as of Dec 2020......................................................21 Table 12: Implementation progress of water supply system as of Dec 2020 ..............................................................22 Table 13: Implementation progress markets subproject as of Dec 31,2020 ...............................................................23 Table 14: Progress for access to finance as of December 31, 2020 ..............................................................................24 Table 15: Progress of activities for Needs Assessment of beneficiaries of component two .....................................25 Table 16: Progress of activities to support implementation of component two ........................................................25 Table 17: Progress for rehabilitation of ravines and construction of surface or ground water reservoirs ..............26 Table 18: Summary of compliance with safeguards for ongoing construction activities in Gisagara as of December 31,2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................29 Table 19: Summary of grievance redress as of December 31, 2021 .............................................................................31 Table 20: Summary of procurement implementation progress....................................................................................33 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Location of refugee camps and Refugee statistics, as of November 30,2020 ............................................... 6 Figure 2: Elevation of bricks masonry works at GS MUGOMBWA block 1 ..................................................................15 Figure 3: Elevation of Bricks masonry works for First floor completed at EP nyabitare ............................................15 Figure 4: Casting concrete columns for first floor at GS MUGOMBWA Block 2 ..........................................................15 Figure 5:First floor slab casted at EP LINDA.....................................................................................................................15 Figure 6: Ongoing construction of Pit latrines.................................................................................................................15 Figure 7: ongoing construction of Pit laytrines at EP NYABITARE.................................................................................15 Figure 8: Sample of Picture for delivered desks under use ...........................................................................................18 Figure 9: Surgical lamp and Lab Fridge.............................................................................................................................20 Figure 10: Radiant warmer and Autoclave ......................................................................................................................21 Figure 11: Temperature and address recording as well as hand washing stations with fences before accessing the site .............................................................................................................................................................................30 Figure 12: Illustration of site visit meeting with workers at GS Mugombwa ..............................................................30 Figure 13: The Director of GS Mugombwa briefing WB country Manager and Minister of MINEMA before site tour ............................................................................................................................................................................32 Figure 14: Different delegates touring construction site ...............................................................................................32 4 Acronyms AEC: African Entrepreneur Collective BPR: Bank Populaire du Rwanda COVID 19: Corona Virus Disease 19 DIA: District Implementation Agreement ESA: Environmental and Social Audit IDA: International Development Association ISM: Implementation Support Mission IT: Information Technology JV: Joint Venture LODA: Local Administrative Entities Development Agency NST1: National Strategy for Transformation One MINEMA: Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management MININFRA: Ministry of Infrastructure MoH: Ministry of Health RBC: Rwanda Biomedical Center RFP: Request for Proposal RPF: Resettlement Policy Framework RTDA: Rwanda Transport Development Agency SEIRHCP: Social Economic Inclusion of Refugee and Host Community Project ToRs: Terms of References TT: Technical Team TVET: Technical and Vocational Education and Training UNHCR: United Nation High Commission of Refugees WASAC: Water and Sanitation Corporation WDA: Workforce Development Agency 5 I.
Recommended publications
  • Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan
    Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Ltd The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Limited The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) i Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan The Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources Ebony Enterprises Limited The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Coordinators of IMP Study: NGABONZIZA Prime MAIMBO Mabanga Malesu Supervisor of IMP study: DVOSKIN Dan Authors: MAIMBO Mabanga Malesu ODUOR Alex Raymonds KIPRUTO Cherogony NYOLEI Douglas GACHENE Charles BIAMAH Elijah Kipngetich O’NEIL Mick MIYUKI Ilyama JEPHINE Mogoi Steering Committee Members: SENDEGE Norbert NGABONZIZA Prime NZEYIMANA Innocent MUSABYIMANA Innocent MUSABYIMANA J. Claude AZENE BEKELE Tesemma KAGABO Desire HARINDINTWALI Reverien BAYOULI Amor MOULAYE Abdou Enterprises Ltd. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, MINAGRI ii Acknowledgement The World Agroforestry Centre greatly appreciates the opportunity accorded by the Managing Director of Ebony Enterprises Limited, Brigadier General (Rtd) Danny Kassif, to participate in the Rwanda Irrigation Master Plan through a sub-contractual agreement signed in March 2009. Upon inception of Phase I study, a number of Ebony personnel provided administrative and logistical support which cannot go unrecognized. These include Pini Moria, Ram Lustgarten, Arik Almog, Adina Avisar and Avi Evron. Cognizance is also extended to the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources for providing technical backstopping and logistical support while carrying out the study in Rwanda. The following Officers are highly appreciated for their contributions to ensuring that Phase I of the study was a success: The Permanent Secretary – MINAGRI, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Unhcr Rwanda | Fact Sheet
    UNHCR RWANDA | FACT SHEET Rwanda March 2021 HIGHLIGHTS A. Rwanda hosted a total of B. 17,644 Burundian refugees C. Rwanda has included refugees in 137,975 refugees and asylum in Rwanda voluntarily the national COVID-19 vaccination seekers at the end of February repatriated to Burundi since program. A total of 416 refugees have 2021. The population of concern August 2020. Most of the been vaccinated so far. As of 14 included mainly persons from the returnees are from Mahama March, 452 COVID-19 cases had been Democratic Republic of the Congo camp (17,256) compared to a identified among refugees, 433 had (56.3%) and Burundi (43.5%). small number of urban refugees recovered, 15 were still active and 4 (388). deaths had been recorded. KEY INDICATORS FUNDING (AS OF 16 MARCH 2021) 1,069 USD 90.1 million Refugees departed for resettlement and requested for Burundi, DR Congo, Emergency complementary pathways in 2020 and 31 since Transit Mechanism (ETM) in Rwanda. January 2021. Funded (18%) 515 Refugees and asylum seekers arrived in Rwanda in Emergency Transit Mechanism (ETM) since September 2019 and accommodated in Gashora Transit Centre. Unfunded (82%) UNHCR PRESENCE Staff: ■ 186 National Staff ■ 114 International Staff ■ 131 Affiliate (UNV, UNOPS, Refuge Point, and ICMC) Staff. Offices: ■ Representation Office in Kigali ■ Sub Office in Kirehe District ■ Field Offices in Huye, Karongi, Gicumbi, and Bugesera Districts. ■ Field Unit in Gatsibo District. www.unhcr.org /rw 1 FACT SHEET > Rwanda / March 2021 Working with Partners ■ The Government of Rwanda (GoR), through MINEMA, leads the refugee response in the country with UNHCR and partners providing direct operational support, capacity development, and technical advice to the local authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • RWANDA Poverty Assessment
    RWANDA Poverty Assessment April 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Poverty Global Practice Africa Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized April 2015 1 ׀ RWANDA Poverty Assessment April 2015 ׀ RWANDA Poverty Assessment 2 RWANDA Poverty Assessment Poverty Global Practice Africa Region April 2015 3 ׀ RWANDA Poverty Assessment Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................10.... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... VIII11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................................12 IX 1. A Snapshot of Poverty in Rwanda ..........................................................................................................................12ix Rwanda‘s Poverty Profile: The Expected… ............................................................................................................13 x And the Rather Unexpected … .............................................................................................................................15 xii Inequality is high, driven by location, education, and occupation .......................................................................16 xiii Strong performance in health and basic education ................................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • District Profile
    THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA District Profile Nyaruguru Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 Rwanda, Census, and Housing Fourth Population NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS OF RWANDA THE REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 District Profile Nyaruguru January 2015 The Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census (2012 RPHC) was implemented by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). Field work was conducted from August 16th to 30th, 2012. The funding for the RPHC was provided by the Government of Rwanda, World Bank (WB), the UKAID (Former DFID), European Union (EU), One UN, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and UN Women. Additional information about the 2012 RPHC may be obtained from the NISR: P.O. Box 6139, Kigali, Rwanda; Telephone: (250) 252 571 035 E-mail: [email protected]; Website: http://www.statistics.gov.rw. Recommended citation: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) [Rwanda]; 2012. Rwanda Fourth Population and Housing Census. District Profile: Nyaruguru xiii xv Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 District Profile:Nyaruguru iv Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012 District Profile:Nyaruguru Table of Content Foreword ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nyamagabe District Development Plan [2008-2012]
    REPUBLIC OF RWANDA SOUTHERN PROVINCE NYAMAGABE DISTRICT Nyamagabe District Development Plan [2008-2012] July 2007 Nyamagabe Distrcit Telephone (250) 53-5011 / 53-5012 / 53-5034 Fax (250) 53-5006 [email protected] www.nyamagabedistrict.gov.rw ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The successful preparation of Nyamagabe District Development Plan has been as a result of both physical and moral combined effort of several people to whom we hereby express our sencire appreciation and recognition. We thank the Government of Rwanda which, through different Ministries, supported the DDP process and has hitherto promised final support to the implementation of development projects contained therein. The District profoundly thanks all its development partners for their effective participation in the preparation of this document and the budget they have committed to its execution. In particular, the District would like to thank DCDP project for having financed all activities related to the preparation of this development plan. The District equally recognizes the special contribution of the PAGOR project and the field coordinator of Twubakane in Nyaruguru and Nyamagabe Districts for having actively participated in the finilisation of this document. The District expresses its deep gratitude to various consultants who guided the preparation of the District Development Plan process. We equally express our thanks to Nyamagabe District population for their unreserved participation in different consultative phases and their commitment to the implementation of the various DDP Projects. Lastly, all the District team and other persons not mentioned herein, who in various capacities, contributed to the preparation of this DDP, shall find in this document joy and pride of their constructive effort.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Agroforestry Practices in Soil and Water Conservation
    USE OF AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES IN SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION A CASE STUDY OF KAGEYO SECTOR, GICUMBI DISTRICT, RWANDA BY MUTONI JOAN BEMJ10006/$1/DU A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY May, 2011 DECLARATION I Mutoni Joan, declare that all that is included in this work is my own effort and has not been presented by any other student for the award of a degree or its equivalent in this institution or any other. Where other individuals, groups, authors, organizations, reports and others have been used has clearly been indicated. STIJDENT: MUTONI JOAN (BEMJI0006/8l/DTJ) SIGNITURE DATE: APPROVAL This research report entitled Use of agroforestry practices in soil and water conservation; A Case Study of Kageyo sector, Gicumbi District, Rwanda”, is submitted to Kampala International University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences with my approval as the Supervisor. SUPERVISOR: MR.ORJSHABA R. AMMON SIGNITURE DATE’ ii DEDICATION I dedicate this piece of work to my father Kabanda P.Claver and my mother Kabanda Annah whose heartfelt courage, kindness and love enabled me reach this far. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to Almighty for the gift of life, wisdom and understanding He has given to me throughout my education. On the same note my heartfelt gratitude to my parents, Kabanda P.Claver and Kabanda Annah whose financial, material and emotional support enabled me go through my learning time, with their all seasons combined efforts to make my carrier a success.
    [Show full text]
  • Bugesera District Burera District Gakenke District Gasabo District
    Progress, but more effort Target achieved / on track Not on track N/A No data required Increase from last period Decrease from last period Proportion of Measles & Percentage of Proportion of Percentage of women Percentage of Rubella 2nd Delivery in Percentage of Newborn who new-born not Neonatal teenage receiving ANC 1 during ANC 4th mothers who dose (MR2) facility mother who received PNC 4 breathing service case delivery (19 postpartum 1st trimester standard visit Penta 3 received coverage, all coverage (w/ received PNC 4 Visit at 6 weeks successfully fatality years and Family coverage coverage BCG coverage coverage Iron+folic acid ages (BCG census-based Visit at 6 weeks after birth_new resuscitated rate_new under) planning (based on CBR) (based on CBR) (census-based) (census-based) during ANC denominator) target) 51.7 52.7 50.3 7.9 7.2 41.4 52 42.3 117 118.4 91.5 112.8 108 Bugesera District 76 75.3 84.3 5.3 8.3 71.6 51.7 40.5 84.8 87.4 96.7 121.2 69 Burera District 59.2 59.5 60.3 6.7 10.4 39.6 55.4 37.8 78.7 81.9 99.9 116.8 83 Gakenke District 24.4 24.5 70.7 4.4 3.3 28.3 52.8 35.7 123.2 117 59.6 87.7 124 Gasabo District 78.6 78 73.4 9.1 9.1 55 41.1 38 86.5 98.5 89.7 107.6 84 Gatsibo District 63.1 64.1 82 17.1 6.8 85.4 48.2 39.3 87.4 90.7 99 110.4 91 Gicumbi District 78.4 78.3 85.4 10.5 5.5 46.3 70.2 53.1 100.3 108.7 100 114.4 94 Gisagara District 61.6 63.2 68.2 15 4.4 64.5 50.8 36.1 91.5 89.8 100 101.1 95 Huye District 56 57.2 82.2 14.6 6.9 73.2 34.6 26.4 74.2 79.9 75.7 122.5 59 Kamonyi District 52.9 53 74.4 2.7 5.6 61.2 33.1 24
    [Show full text]
  • TWUBAKANE Decentralization and Health Program Rwanda
    TWUBAKANE Decentralization and Health Program Rwanda QUARTERLY PERFORMANCE MONITORING REPORT #18 APRIL— JUNE 2009 USAID/Rwanda Cooperative Agreement # 623-A-00-05-00020-00 Distribution: USAID/Rwanda Twubakane Team Partners Government of Rwanda Ministry of Local Administration Ministry of Health National AIDS Control Commission Twubakane Steering Committee Members Twubakane Partner Districts NGOs, Bilateral and Multi-lateral Partner Agencies Twubakane Quarterly Report #18, April-June, 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... 1 TWUBAKANE PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS APRIL-JUNE, 2009 ............................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 3 2. KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PROGRESS .......................................................................... 3 2.1 TWUBAKANE PROGRAM FIELD OFFICES ............................................................................ 4 3. PERFORMANCE REVIEW BY PROGRAM COMPONENT ........................................................ 4 3.1 FAMILY PLANNING/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ACCESS AND QUALITY .............................. 4 3.2 CHILD SURVIVAL, MALARIA AND NUTRITION ACCESS AND QUALITY .............................. 7 3.3 DECENTRALIZATION PLANNING, POLICY AND MANAGEMENT ....................................... 10 3.4 DISTRICT-LEVEL CAPACITY BUILDING ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kivuye in Burera District Final
    REPUBLIC OF RWANDA Ministry of Infrastructure ENERGY WATER AND SANITATION AUTHORITY (EWSA) Electricity Access Rollout Programme (EARP) Head Office: Avenue de l’ Ihema, P.O.Box 537, Kigali-Rwanda Tel: +(250)252573666 Fax: +(250)(0)252573802 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ewsa.rw PROJECT BRIEF FOR THE INSTALLATION OF LOW VOLTAGE AND MEDIUM VOLTAGE LINES AND SERVICE CONNECTIONS IN BUNGWE – KIVUYE - GATEBE AREA IN BURERA DISTRICT December 2011 1 LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................ 5 0. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 6 I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................. 8 I.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 8 I.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................... 8 I.3. PROJECT ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................ 9 I.4. CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME ..............................................................................................10 I.5. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................10 Description of Works ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda Economic Activity and Opportunity for Refugee Inclusion
    Report No: AUS0000807 . Rwanda Public Disclosure Authorized Economic Activity and Opportunity for Refugee Inclusion . Public Disclosure Authorized May 23, 2019 . URS . Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized . © 2019 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank (2019) Rwanda: Economic Activity and Opportunity for Refugee Inclusion. © World Bank.” All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. 2 Rwanda: Economic Activity and Opportunity for Refugee Inclusion (P169985) Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management World Bank May 2019 3 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by joint team from the Government of Rwanda’s Ministry in Charge of Emergency Management (MINEMA) and the World Bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda EIN Web.Pdf
    G R I D UNEP Arendal AUST-AGDER Environmental Information for Change FYLKESKOMMUNE www.unep.org United Nations Environmnet Programme P.O.Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254-(0)20-62 1234 Fax: +254-(0)20-62 3927 E-mail:cpinfounep.org This report was prepared by the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) with technical and fi nan- cial support from UNEP/GRID-Arendal. For more information, please contact: Rwanda Environment Management Authority Kacyiru District This assessment report was guided by a questionnaire B.P. 7436 Kacyiru which, together with the fi ndings, is available online on Kigali City the GRID and REMA website addresses. Rwanda Tel +250 252 580101 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in Fax +250 252 580017 any form for educational, research or non-profi t purposes www.rema.gov.rw without special permission from copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. REMA UNEP/GRID-Arendal and UNEP/GRID-Arendal would appreciate receiving a Teaterplassen 3 copy of any material that uses this publication as a source. N-4836 Arendal No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any Norway commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission Tel +47 47 64 45 55 in written form from the copyright holders. The use of Fax +47 37 03 50 50 information from this publication concerning proprietary [email protected] products for advertising is not permitted. www.grida.no Printed at Birkeland Trykkeri AS, Norway © 2010 REMA and UNEP/GRID-Arendal ISBN: 978-82-7701-089-2 Disclaimer UNEP & REMA promote The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the environmentally sound practices part of UNEP/GRID-Arendal nor REMA concerning the legal status of any globally and in its own activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining Imihigo Performance in Gicumbi District, Rwanda: the Role of Citizen Participation and Accountability (2009-2014)
    Explaining Imihigo Performance in Gicumbi District, Rwanda: The role of Citizen Participation and Accountability (2009-2014) A Research Paper presented by: Innocent NDAHIRO (RWANDA) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Major: Governance, Policy and Political Economy GPPE Specialization: Public Policy and Management Members of the Examining Committee: Supervisor : Dr Helen Hintjens Second reader : Dr Joop de Wit The Hague, The Netherland, December, 2015 Disclaimer: This document represents part of the author’s study programme while at the Institute of Social Studies. The views stated therein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Insti- tute. Inquiries: Postal Address: Institute of Social Studies P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Location: Kortenaerkade 12 2518 AX The Hague The Netherlands Telephone: + 31704260460 Fax: + 31704260799 i Acknowledgements My sincere and deepest gratefulness go to my supervisor Dr. Helen Hintjens and my second reader Dr. Joop de Wit, for their intellectual advice, guidance, encouragement and regular dis- cussions which were very valuable and inspiring in the process of research writing, research un- dertaking and field working. I thank the Government of Rwanda, Ministry of Local Government for supporting me during the period of my master’s programme in the Netherlands. I acknowl- edge NUFFIC for funding this study and for the scholarship for my studies at ISS. My sincere thanks go to the staff of International Institute of Social Studies of the Erasmus University of Rotterdam, GPPE students for all the support during my study period at the ISS.
    [Show full text]