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MARY ELIZABETH JANE COLTER an Incomprehensible Woman EARLY LIFE

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MARY ELIZABETH JANE COLTER an Incomprehensible Woman EARLY LIFE MARY ELIZABETH JANE COLTER An incomprehensible Woman EARLY LIFE Born April 4, 1869 Pittsburgh, Penn Also in 1869: John Wesley Powell Trans Continental Railroad TRAINING 1886 William Colter Dies California School of Design in San Francisco Apprentices to an architect “Arts and Crafts” movement THE BEGINNING 1892 begins teaching at Mechanical Arts High School St. Paul Lectures University of Michigan Meanwhile, along the Santa Fe… FRED HARVEY AND THE SANTA FE Harvey Houses “coffee was cold, eggs were old…chicken stew was really prairie dog” THE HARVEY WAY Complete meal for 75 cents Home made bread, sliced 3/8 inch thick. Coffee brewed every two hours, Harvey blend, made with spring water Pies cut into four pieces, not six “Sack of potatoes on the next train” “Big wind blowing in” HARVEY GIRLS “Women don’t get liquored up and cause trouble, and cowboys won’t be rude to a lady” HARVEY GIRLS Room, board transportation and $388 per month (modern dollars) plus tips Will not marry for six months. After six months, vacation time, a ticket on the Santa Fe, and a new contract. Harvey Boot Camp: The Cup Code “Be human and be yourself ” “Courtesy and a Smile Pay Dividends” “Tact is an Asset and HONESTY is still a Virtue” “It is our business to please cranks. Anyone can please a gentleman” MINNIE HARVEY … AND SPOUSE “Once Harvey women are interested in something, the men are pulled along by the short hairs” HOSTEEN TSANI Herman Schweizer “He had that gift of the gods: A sure taste for the authentic And beautiful” Indian Houses Navajo Lite ALBUQUERQUE 1902 Half Hour Museum Santa Fe Style Harvey Indians Elle of Ganado HARVEY COMES TO THE CANYON “…a tourist is continually harassed…by livery solicitors and guides, who Fought over prospective customers” Ford Harvey: a passion of his own Flagship Harvey House “You want to put the hotel on the brink?” Charles Lummis SANTA FE RAILROAD ARCHITECTURE 1905 El Tovar Charles Whittlesey Norwegian Hunting Lodge MARY COLTER: ARCHITECT Indian House for El Tovar Hopi House Nampeyo A NEW CAREER Hired full time 1910 41 years of age “Architect and Designer” MARY COLTER: ARCHITECT Never a registered architect: why bother? General concepts, exterior and interior, draw floor plans, building elevations, landscape design, and perspectives. Male architect working under her signed off on the plans. 1890:US Census lists twenty-two women architects By 1900 about one hundred EL ORTIZ 1910 Lamy, New Mexico Ten rooms Minnie’s Dream Hotel Owen Wister: “a little flower of art at the lonely junction” 1913 KANSAS CITY UNION STATION The Westport Room THE LOOKOUT 1914 Frederick Law Olmsted: designs Should blend with their natural Surroundings. Direct competition Kolb Studio. “a tiny rustic club” “One may sit through the long, quiet, still days, and rest and read and watch the changes caused by sun and shadow upon the panorama spread below” HERMIT’S REST 1914 West Rim Drive Tea House Trapper Cabin “YOU CAN’T IMAGINE WHAT IT COST TO MAKE IT LOOK THIS OLD” PANAMA CALIFORNIA EXHIBITION 1915-16 Painted Desert Exhibit Harvey Indians “living as they have lived And their ancestors have lived for centuries.” Maria Martinez INDIAN GARDEN 1916 Harvey wants lodge inside the Canyon Ralph Cameron does not cooperate Surprise! 1920: SUFFRAGE The most powerful woman in the Santa Fe Railroad/ Fred Harvey Companies can vote! PHANTOM RANCH 1922 Mary 53 years old at the time WHAT’S IN A NAME? Rusts Camp Roosevelt Camp Roosevelt Chalet WHY PHANTOM? Phantom Creek Why Phantom Creek? LUXURY IN THE DESERT Upper one percent Authors: Edna St. Vincent Millay Owen Wister Movie stars: Tom Mix Roy Rogers DETAILS, DETAILS ROCK ON WATER AND SEWAGE EL NAVAJO 1923 Gallup, New Mexico Sand paintings LA FONDA 1929 Architect Meem “I got your letter saying that the hotel would be ready the first of February. I wonder where you are going to go when you die?” LA POSADA 1930 Favorite Building Winslow, Arizona HOPE INCOME EXCEEDS ESTIMATES AS MUCH AS COSTS Last of the Santa Fe great Railroad Hotels THE WATCHTOWER 1933 The perfectionist “Time, the lost principle in much modern construction, was taken to select each rock” INTERIOR Fred Kabotie “Mary Colter was…talented With strong opinions. We got Along well…most of the time” TIYO Legend of the Snake Clan ALTAR ROOM SECOND FLOOR Fred Greer ABO CAVES Herman Schweizer BRIGHT ANGEL LODGE 1935 Motor lodge El Tovar vs. BA VILLAGE ON THE RIM VICTOR HALL 1936 Cinder block construction Men’s dorm MIMBRENO CHINA 1937 Super Chief Turquoise Dining Room COLTER HALL 1937 Women’s dorm UNION STATION LOS ANGELES 1939 Closed to public PAINTED DESERT INN 1947 Salt Trail Mural Fred Kabotie SOUTH RIM VILLAGE “Attention…devoted to the harmonizing…with the landscape” “As long as the Fred Harvey Company’s work is passed onto Miss Colter, Its present architect, its appropriateness can be considered assured.” PARK SERVICE RUSTIC: “PARITECTURE” MISS COLTER “She was secure in herself . She knew what she knew – and what other people didn’t know” “She simply didn’t suffer fools lightly” “She was afraid of no one, from the President of the Railway Company on down” “Either you would be interested, or you would be dismissed, so you better be interested” THE COLTER LEGACY Born 1869 Lookout 1914 Union Station Chicago Mimbreno China 1937 1925 Alvarado Indian House Hermit Rest 1914 La Fonda 1929 Colter Hall 1937 1902 Hopi House 1905 Painted Desert Exhibition La Posada 1930 Union Station St. Louis 1915 1939 El Tovar Cocktail Lounge Indian Garden 1916 Watchtower 1933 Cosina Cantina Alvarado 1905 1940 El Ortiz 1910 Phantom Ranch 1922 Bright Angel Lodge 1935 Painted Desert Inn 1947 Union Station Kansas City El Navajo 1923 Victor Hall 1936 Retired 1948 1913 La Cantinita La Fonda 1949 Died 1958 THE COLTER LEGACY Born 1869 Lookout 1914 Union Station Chicago Mimbreno China 1937 1925-1969 Alvarado Indian House Hermit Rest 1914 La Fonda 1929 Colter Hall 1937 1902-1970 Hopi House 1905 Painted Desert Exhibition La Posada 1930 Union Station St. Louis 1915 1939 El Tovar Cocktail Lounge Indian Garden 1916 Watchtower 1933 Cosina Cantina Alvarado 1905 1940-1970 El Ortiz 1910-1943 Phantom Ranch 1922 Bright Angel Lodge 1935 Painted Desert Inn 1947 Union Station Kansas City El Navajo 1923-1957 Victor Hall 1936 Retired 1948 1913-1958 La Cantinita La Fonda 1949 Died 1958 COLTER AT GRAND CANYON • Hopi house 1905 • Lookout 1914 • Hermit Rest 1914 • Phantom Ranch 1922 • Watchtower 1933 • Bright Angel Lodge 1935 • Victor Hall 1936 • Mimbreno China 1937 • Colter Hall 1937 KIPLING I called my men from the trenches My quarries, my wharves, and my sheers. All I had wrought I abandoned To the faith of the faithless years. Only I cut on the timber -- Only I carved on the stone: “After me cometh a Builder. Tell him, I too have known!“ BIBLIOGRAPHY Mary Colter: House made of Dawn, Karen Bartlett, KAET documentary Mary Colter: Architect of the Southwest, Arnold Berke and Alexander Vertikoff Desert View Watchtower, M.E.J. Colter Appetite for America, Stephen Fried Mary Colter: Builder upon the Red Earth, Virginia Gratten Public Architecture and Design-Creating Community: Mary Colter. NPR Morning Edition..
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