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A Preservation Plan for the Fred Harvey Houses

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A Preservation Plan for the Fred Harvey Houses University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2010 Branding the Southwest: A Preservation Plan for the Fred Harvey Houses Patrick W. Kidd University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Kidd, Patrick W., "Branding the Southwest: A Preservation Plan for the Fred Harvey Houses" (2010). Theses (Historic Preservation). 144. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/144 Suggested Citation: Kidd, Patrick W. (2010) "Branding the Southwest: A Preservation Plan for the Fred Harvey Houses." (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/144 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Branding the Southwest: A Preservation Plan for the Fred Harvey Houses Keywords Historic Preservation; Southwest, Railroad Disciplines Architecture | Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Suggested Citation: Kidd, Patrick W. (2010) "Branding the Southwest: A Preservation Plan for the Fred Harvey Houses." (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/144 BRANDING THE SOUTHWEST: A PRESERVATION PLAN FOR THE FRED HARVEY HOUSES Patrick W. Kidd A Thesis in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2010 ____________________________ Advisor Dr. Aaron V. Wunsch, PhD Lecturer in Architectural History ____________________________ Program Chair Dr. Randall F. Mason, PhD Associate Professor This work is dedicated to all those who strive to preserve and promote our rich rail heritage and to make it available to future generations. We owe you our thanks. i I WISH TO THANK: My advisor Dr. Aaron Wunsch for his tremendous help and critical comments. With a mind that seems to be a living library catalog, his suggestions and insights were invaluable. All those who took time out of their busy lives to speak with me while I traveled to the Southwest, including: Allan Affeldt, Owner of La Posada Hotel, Winslow, Arizona Bob Baker, Director of Train Operations, Grand Canyon Railway, Williams, Arizona Ed Boles, Historic Preservation Planner, City of Albuquerque, New Mexico Marie Elhd, Owner of La Castañeda, Las Vegas, New Mexico Barbara Felix, La Fonda Hotel Consulting Architect, Santa Fe, New Mexico Yvette Hudson, Chairman, Williams, Arizona Historic Preservation Commission Kim Kadletz, Member of the Arizona Route 66 Association, Williams, Arizona Magee Poler and Doyle Daves, Members of the Las Vegas, New Mexico Citizens’ Committee for Historic Preservation Al Richmond, Chairman and CEO, Arizona State Railroad Museum Foundation, Williams, Arizona Suzi Andiman and Nan Fredman of Amtrak’s Great American Stations Project who introduced me to the Harvey Houses and nurtured the nascent thesis topic over the summer of 2009. My friend Elizabeth Lang, who lent a careful editorial eye to the final draft. My classmate and friend Libbie Hawes, whose humorous, sympathetic, and regular 3am and 4am emails kept up my spirits. And my parents Robert and Veronica Kidd who allowed me the freedom to find my way in life. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction............................................................................................... 1 Why the Harvey Houses Should Be Preserved...................................................... 3 Fred Harvey Builds His Business Empire............................................................. 6 The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway and Fred Harvey Join Forces....................12 Fred Harvey and the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Expand Into The Southwest............22 The Development of Tourism in the American Southwest........................................28 Creating Corporate Identity: “Fred Harvey” And The “Santa Fe”................................ 34 The Use of Architecture To Create A Corporate Image in the Southwest......................39 The Harvey House Experience In The Early Twentieth Century.................................44 The Second Generation of Harvey Houses as Expressions of Romanticized Southwestern Regional Architecture................................................54 La Castañeda..........................................................................................59 Alvarado................................................................................................63 El Ortiz................................................................................................74 La Fonda...............................................................................................76 Fray Marcos............................................................................................85 El Garces...............................................................................................88 La Posada..............................................................................................91 The Current State Of The Five Remaining Harvey Houses.......................................99 La Castañeda.........................................................................................100 Fray Marcos.......................................................................................... 102 El Garces .............................................................................................105 La Fonda..............................................................................................106 La Posada.............................................................................................108 Considering Preservation On A Regional Scale...................................................111 iii Cultural Landscapes, National Heritage Areas, And American Preservation Practice...... 114 Western NHAs And Relevant Precedents For The Development Of A Railroad-Focused NHA.............................................119 Crafting a Railroad-Focused NHA...................................................................125 Creating Broader Links to Rail Heritage........................................................... 136 Conclusion.............................................................................................. 141 Endnotes..................................................................................................150 Bibliography..............................................................................................168 Index......................................................................................................176 iv LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Map of the study area.............................................................................5 Fig 2: Fred Harvey (SFEM v10, n6)....................................................................6 Fig. 3: ATSF bridge over the Colorado River (SFEM v9, n6)...................................... 9 Fig. 4: The first Harvey House, Topeka, KS (SFEM v10, n3) .....................................13 Fig. 5: ATSF-FHC “Results” cartoon (SFEM v9, n3)............................................... 13 Fig 6: FHC dairy, Del Rio, AZ (SFEM v10, n3).................................................... 14 Fig. 7: Staff of the Belen, NM Harvey House (SFEM v9, n1).....................................15 Fig. 8: Lobby of El Ortiz (UAZSC)................................................................. 16 Fig. 9: Staff of the FHC Central Office (SFEM v10, n3).......................................... 18 Fig. 10: Edward Payson Ripley (SFEM v9, n12).................................................... 22 Fig 11 Cartoon of the ATSF at the Raton Pass (SFEM v9, n9)................................... 23 Fig. 12: The first train from Lamy to Santa Fe (SFEM v17, n2).................................. 23 Fig. 13: Roundhouse and rail yard at Winslow, AZ (SFEM v17, n10)............................25 Fig 14: Thomas Moran landscape of the Grand Canyon (Berke, 46).............................32 Fig. 15: “Corporation with a Soul” banner (SFEM v9, n12).......................................36 Fig. 16: Kiln-fired brick at Belen, New Mexico (Author)........................................ 40 Fig. 17: Patio at La Fonda in Santa Fe (UAZSC).................................................... 48 Fig. 18 Lunchroom at La Posada (Berke, 177)...................................................... 49 Fig. 19: Dining Room at La Posada (UAZSC)........................................................49 v Fig. 20: Guestroom at the Harvey House in Barstow, California (Melzer, 92)................ 50 Fig. 21 Harvey Girls’ living quarters, Las Vegas, NM (Author).................................. 52 Figs 22-23: Floorplans of the Belen, NM Harvey House (Melzer, 67)..........................52 Fig. 24: Mary Jane Colter, age 23 (NPS).............................................................54 Fig. 25: Cover of Mission San Luis Rey (SFEM, Dec 1915) ..................................... 57 Fig. 26: The California Building (Van Slyck).........................................................58 Fig. 27: La Castañeda seen from across the main line tracks (UAZSC)......................... 61 Fig. 28: Las Vegas Depot (Author).................................................................... 61 Fig. 29: South
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