Village Chicken Production Performances and Producers Trait Preference in Buno Bedele and Ilu Aba Bor Zone South Western Ethiopia
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British Journal of Poultry Sciences 8 (2): 34-43, 2019 ISSN 1995-901X © IDOSI Publications, 2019 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.bjps.2019.34.43 Village Chicken Production Performances and Producers Trait Preference in Buno Bedele and Ilu Aba bor Zone South Western Ethiopia 11Yadeta Neme, Jabesa Ayele and 1Mengistu Aserat 1Department of Animal Science, Mettu University, Bedele College of Agriculture and Forestry, P.O. Box: 318 Mettu, Ethiopia Abstract: Production performances and producer’s trait preferences of village chicken was conducted in Bunno Bedele and Ilu Aba bor Zones south western Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess production performances and evaluation of producer’s trait preferences on village chickens. A multi-stage sampling procedure (random and purposive) was used to select the kebeles and target households. A total 384 households were selected from eighteen kebeles for interview. Structured questionnaire, primary and secondary data sources, focus group discussion and field observations were employed to generate the qualitative data. The surveyed data were analyzed using GLM ANOVA procedures for social sciences (SPSS, ). The result of the study indicated that the flock structure were dominated by layers (29.69%), which were followed by chicks (28.38%), grower (21.49%), cock (13.42%) and non layer (7.01%), respectively. There is no significant different (p<0.05) between the two zones of the study areas. The average age at first egg laying was 24.06±0.3 for local and 20.12±0.8 for exotic chicken and age at first mating of local cockerel of Bunno Bedele Zone was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Ilu Abba Bor zone. The mean annual egg production of the local chicken was 48.35±3 and 144.41±13 of exotic chicken. The hatchability and survival rate was 73.45%, 46.11% and 26.43%, 37.78%, local and exotic chicken, respectively. The selection criteria of farmer trait preferences were 52.3, 27.6 and 20.1% on body weight, plumage color and comb type, respectively in male chicken. However, for female farmer trait preferences 43.0, 35.5, 8.0, 7.3 and 6.0% were based on egg production, feather color, body weight, size of pelvic bones and white leg color, respectively. Hence the farmers should be rear the acceptable trait and best productive village chickens. Key words: Performance Evaluation Village Chicken Trait INTRODUCTION The total chicken egg and meat production in Ethiopia is estimated to be about 78, 000 and 72, 300 metric tons, Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the respectively [3]. More than 90% of the national chicken country's economy, accounting for 43 percent of growth meat and egg output is produced from indigenous domestic product (GDP) and 86 percent of export earnings chickens [4]. Therefore, almost all rural and many and the sector employs about 85% of the population [1]. peri-urban families keep small flock scavenging The livestock sector has further potential to increase and chickens [5]. According to the report of CSA [1], the total contributing to the economic development of the country poultry population at country level is estimated to be [1]. about 56.87 million and with regard to breeds, 95.86 Poultry production is fast growing sector which percent, 2.79 percent and 1.35 percent of the total poultry have an important economic, social and cultural population were indigenous, hybrid and exotic, benefit and plays a significant role in family nutrition in respectively. However, the economic contribution of the the developing countries. Poultry provides rural sector is not still proportional to the huge poultry households with scarce animal protein in the form of numbers, attributed to the presence of many constraints meat, eggs and a reliable source of petty cash [2]. [6, 7]. Corresponding Author: Yadeta Neme, Mettu University, Bedele College of Agriculture and Forestry, P.O.Box: 318 Mettu, Ethiopia. 34 British J. Poultry Sci., 8(2): 34-43, 2019 Poultry production is deeply embedded in Ethiopian western part of Ethiopia. The zones were located between society kept by all strata of society from the landless rural distances of 479-600km, south western of Addis Ababa, poor to rich [8]. The village chicken production system in capital city of Ethiopia. The agro-ecological setting of the Ethiopia followed a scavenging type with 5-20 birds per zones comprised of 10% is high land, 67% mid land and household, simple rearing in backyard with inadequate 23% low land. The altitude of the zone ranges from 800-2, housing, poor feeding and health care. Such production 575 meter above sea level. Annual precipitation ranges systems are characterized by slow growth of chicken, from 1500-2200mm with 6 to 9 months of rain fall. poor layer performance and small sized egg production The farming system of the districts were [9]. characterized by mixed farming system, comprising both No specific trait components were identified for the cropping and livestock production. It is mostly known for other trait categories like weight, conformations and its vegetation coverage, suitability for coffee, crop, breeding ability, except that all farmers stated that they livestock and bee production. The dominant crops being selected chickens that are heavier in respect of their age Maize, Teff, Coffee, Sorghum Barley, Wheat, different mates, those having attractive conformations and asking pulse crops, finger millet, fruits vegetables, spices and the owners by judging subjectively by hand weighing, rice. Agriculture is the mainly livelihood of people with a visual appraisal and in parents' history of chickens, mixed farming system and livestock plays an integral role respectively [10]. Nevertheless, poultry raised on small for agriculture. scale market oriented production make a significant Sampling Procedure:-A multi-stage sampling contribution, along with the commercial sector, to meet up procedure (random and purposive) was applied for the the rapidly growing demand for poultry products study. In the first stage, Bedele, Didessa and Cora especially in large and growing regional cities. districts from 10 listed districts of Bunno Bedele zone and Village chickens are underestimated because of their Mettu, Hurumu and Gore districts from 14 listed of Ilu Aba poor performance. The challenge of fighting poverty and bor zone were selected randomly. In the second stage, malnutrition can be effectively met to a large extent by with the consultation of livestock development and strengthening village chicken production. Poor rural aquaculture district office, 3 kebeles from each district households are continuously involved in a struggle to having potential for chicken production performances was make ends meet; food security and family livelihood selected purposively. In the third stage, a simple random expenses being some of the major priorities. Construction sampling technique was applied to choose chicken owner of an established market structure of village chickens for respondents in each kebele by giving equal chance for developing family chicken requires a detail and organized those farmers with different flock size, chicken husbandry study of the production & marketing systems. practice and other related practices. The total number of Establishing market structure for village chicken is a households included in the study was determined pre-requisite for developing family poultry. according to the formula given by Cochran [25] In this respect, Bunno Bedele and Ilu abbabor zone z22( pq )( ) (1.96) (0.5)(0.5) are not exceptional and the same trend was observed due n = = = 384 22 to traditional poultry production system. In addition, d (0.05) along distribution of different breeds of poultry to rural where: n = the sample size, household farmers in the districts, no attempts have been z2 = value for selected alpha level of 0.025 in each tail 1.96, made to assess the village production performances in (p) (q) = the probability estimate value at 0.5 or ( maximum particular in so far. The objective of this study was to possible proportion (0.5) *1-maximum possible proportion assess village chicken production and reproductive (0.5) produces maximum possible sample size), performance and to evaluate the producer’s trait d = acceptable margin of error for proportion being preference in the study areas. estimated =0 .05 MATERIALS AND METHODS Therefore, a total of 384 households from the eighteen (18) kebeles were included in this study. Study Area: The study was conducted in selected three Thus, 384 respondents were randomly selected from the districts of Bunno Bedele and three from Ilu Abba bor total number of households in the eighteen kebeles for the Zones of Oromia National Regional State, located south present study. 35 British J. Poultry Sci., 8(2): 34-43, 2019 Sources Data: Both primary and secondary data was used RESULTS AND DISCUSSION to achieve the objectives of the study. Data was collected by interviewing household heads engaged in small scale General Characteristics of Households: The household livestock production in the area. A structured characteristics of the respondents revealed that the questionnaire was prepared and pre-tested before being proportion of males respondents were higher than females administered then, refining and corrections were made in in all cases of both districts of the zones with overall accordance to the respondents’ perception. Individual 78.9 % (Table 1). The current results were not agreed with household was interviewed by using the structured the finding of Desalew[11] in Ada’a and Lume districts of questionnaire at the kebele level. east shoa zone who reported female’s respondents greater Focused group discussions were undertaken using than males. The average age of respondents was ranged checklists to collect information on chicken production 40-50 years with overall zones about 41.7%. The analysis and productivity, trait preferences, challenge and for educational status indicated that majority of opportunity in village chicken production. The focus respondents were able to read and write with an overall group discussions were organized with 18 groups 38.4%.