Benvenuto Cellini Tells Us in His Memoirs, That, After a Certain Terrible Dream Or Vision Which He Had During His Confinement in the Castle of St
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PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN: PEOPLEBENVENUTO MENTIONED IN CWALDENELLINI WALDEN: Once it chanced that I stood in the very abutment PEOPLE OF of a rainbow’s arch, which filled the lower stratum of the WALDEN atmosphere, tinging the grass and leaves around, and dazzling me as if I looked through colored crystal. It was a lake of rainbow light, in which, for a short while, I lived like a dolphin. If it had lasted longer it might have tinged my employments and life. As I walked on the railroad causeway, I used to wonder at the halo of light around my shadow, and would fain fancy myself one of the elect. One who visited me declared that the shadows of some Irishmen before him had no halo about them, that it was only natives that were so distinguished. Benvenuto Cellini tells us in his memoirs, that, after a certain terrible dream or vision which he had during his confinement in the castle of St. Angelo, a resplendent light appeared over the shadow of his head at morning and evening, whether he was in Italy or France, and it was particularly conspicuous when the grass was moist with dew. This was probably the same phenomenon to which I have referred, which is especially observed in the morning, but also at other times, and even by moonlight. Though a constant one, it is not commonly noticed, and, in the case of an excitable imagination like Cellini’s, it would be basis enough for superstition. Beside, he tells us that he showed it to very few. But are they not indeed distinguished who are conscious that they are regarded at all? ROME ITALY BENVENUTO CELLINI HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1500 November 3, Tuesday (Old Style): Benvenuto Cellini was born in Florence. HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1510 At about this point Benvenuto Cellini was banished from his native Florence for his alleged role in a brawl. As a result, he would receive his early artistic training not only from the Florentine goldsmith Antonio di Sandro, also known as “Marcone,” but also from a goldsmith in Siena, Francesco Castoro. THE TASK OF THE HISTORIAN IS TO CREATE HINDSIGHT WHILE INTERCEPTING ANY ILLUSION OF FORESIGHT. NOTHING A HUMAN CAN SEE CAN EVER BE SEEN AS IF THROUGH THE EYE OF GOD. The People of WALDEN: “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1519 Benvenuto Cellini removed to Rome, where he would reside until that bastion would fall to the Spanish emperor in 1527. Lucrezia Borgia died. Lorenzo (not the magnificent Lorenzo, but another one of the Medici family named after him) died and the family needed a place to put him. (What do you do for a family that has everything? –You build them a container to put it all in.) Giulio de Medici (who would become Pope Clement VII in 1523) succeeded Lorenzo at Florence. “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY The People of WALDEN: “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1527 This was a poor harvest year in Europe. The first Protestant University was founded in Marburg. German mercenary soldiers, troops in the pay of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, put Rome to fire and sword, killing 4,000 of its inhabitants and looting its art treasures — well, so much for the Renaissance. The Swiss guards transferred Pope Clement VII to safe custody at the Castel Sant’Angelo, with in the process 147 of them losing their lives. Benvenuto Cellini, participating in the unsuccessful defense of the city, at one point –if we are to take his word for it– slew the Constable of Bourbon and at another point slew the Prince of Orange, Philibert — he was, it seems, quite the slewer. King Charles V himself also was slewed during this Roman holiday event. Also, the authentic foreskin of Jesus Christ, which had been passed along to the pope by the emperor Charlemagne upon the occasion of his coronation on Christmas Day, 800 CE, was taken by a German soldier from the Sanctum sanctorum of the Lateran basilica in Rome, in its jeweled reliquary. That soldier would soon be captured in the village of Calcata, just a day or two’s travel north of Rome, and taken into confinement, and would hide the precious object in his cell for the following three decades, until it would be discovered there in 1557 and taken to the local church. CATHOLICS With the sack of Rome, Pope Clement was put to ignominious flight — and so Florence revolted against the Medici and restored its traditional republic. The Medici were expelled. The left arm of Michelangelo’s “David” was struck with a bench during a riot, and broken into three pieces (it would be reattached but the seams still show). HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN Michelangelo completed the marble interior of the Medici family chapel devoted to the memory of their dear departed youths Giuliano and Lorenzo. This was a fateful year for Anglican religion — King Henry VIII began the divorce proceedings against his wife Queen Consort Catherine of Aragón which would radically divorce London from Rome. In London, Boccaccio’s THE FALL OF PRINCES, PRINCESSES, AND OTHER NOBLES was translated by John Lydgate and printed by Richard Pynson who, in addition to William Caxton and Wynkyn de Worde, was among the 1st to bring printing to the British Isles. He had been Printer to the King since 1508 and would continue in that capacity until 1529. He was still using black-letter face, though this had long since been abandoned in Italy and elsewhere on the Continent. HISTORY OF THE PRESS HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1529 Benvenuto Cellini was appointed to direct Pope Clemente VII’s artistic workshop. He slew a man who had slain his brother. Later this year, upon wounding a notary of the city, he was forced to flee briefly to Naples. Women actors appeared for the first time on the Italian stage. Italian physician Giovanni Battista da Monte introduced clinical examinations of patients at the sickbed. THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT The People of WALDEN: “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1530 Due to the change in popes, at about this point Benvenuto Cellini was able to return from Naples to Rome. However, he would fall afoul of one member of Pope Paul III’s illegitimate brood, Pietro Alvise Farnese, and would need to flee to Florence and Venice. Florence was taken by imperial troops. Alessandro de Medici became a hereditary duke. Philipp Melanchthon wrote APOLOGIA. The Confession of Augsburg, prepared by Melanchthon, defining the basic tenets of Lutheranism, was approved by Herr Professor Martin Luther and signed by the German Protestant princes. They formed the Schamalkaldic League against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his Catholic allies. HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT The People of WALDEN: “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1535 In Venice, Benvenuto Cellini designed a 40-soldi coin showing Duke Alessandro de Medici on one side and Saints Cosmo and Peter Damian on the other. Milan would be under Spanish rule from this year until 1713. YOU HAVE TO ACCEPT EITHER THE REALITY OF TIME OVER THAT OF CHANGE, OR CHANGE OVER TIME — IT’S PARMENIDES, OR HERACLITUS. I HAVE GONE WITH HERACLITUS. The People of WALDEN: “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1537 Benvenuto Cellini was thrown in the lockup on suspicion of having pocketed some of the gems on one of the Pope’s tiaras. He may not have been guilty, for Cardinal d`Este of Ferrara, for whom he had created a silver cup, and others, would be able to secure his release. He abandoned Rome in favor of the court of King Francis I of France. Duke Alessandro of Florence was murdered. Cosimo I began to found the younger branch of the Medici (this would persist until 1737). NO-ONE’S LIFE IS EVER NOT DRIVEN PRIMARILY BY HAPPENSTANCE The People of WALDEN: “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1545 Benvenuto Cellini, who had become entangled in disputes at the court of King Francis I of France, returned to his native Florence. LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. The People of WALDEN: “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: BENVENUTO CELLINI PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1558 Alfonso II d'Este became Duke of Ferrara (until 1597). Of the 103 cases of homicide reported in the English county of Nottinghamshire between 1458 and 1558, the quarterstaff was the murder weapon in 53. What this indicates to us is that the “Robin Hood” stories, which depict dozens of the Sheriff’s men being offed by means of bow and arrow, have probably been based not on historical records but on the sorts of mummeries that were done during May Day fairs.