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Remote Sensing of In-Flight Icing Conditions: Operational, Meteorological, and Technological Considerations

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Remote Sensing of In-Flight Icing Conditions: Operational, Meteorological, and Technological Considerations NASA/CRm2000-209938 ERDC-CRREL M-00-1 Remote Sensing of In-Flight Icing Conditions: Operational, Meteorological, and Technological Considerations Charles C. Ryerson U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hanover, New Hampshire March 2000 _! The NASA STI Program Office... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part meetings sponsored or cosponsored by in helping NASA maintain this important role. NASA. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for technical, or historical information from NASA's scientific and technical information. The NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA STI Program Office provides access to the often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Database, the largest collection of substantial public interest. aeronautical and space science STi in the world. The Program Office is also NASA's institutional TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- mechanism for disseminating the results of its language translations of foreign scientific research and development activities. These results and technical material pertinent to NASA's are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report mission. Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of Program Office's diverse offerings include completed research or a major significant creating custom thesauri, building customized phase of research that present the results of data bases, organizing and publishing research NASA programs and include extensive data results.., even providing videos. or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and For more information about the NASA STI information deemed to be of continuing Program Office, see the following: reference value. NASA's counterpart of peer- reviewed formal professional papers but • Access the NASA STI Program Home Page has less stringent limitations on manuscript at http://www.sti.nasa.gov length and extent of graphic presentations. • E-mail your question via the Internet to TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific [email protected] and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release • Fax your question to the NASA Access reports, working papers, and bibliographies Help Desk at (301) 621-0134 that contain minimal annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. • Telephone the NASA Access Help Desk at (301) 621-0390 CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored Write to: contractors and grantees. NASA Access Help Desk NASA Center for AeroSpace Information 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076 NASA/CR--2000-209938 ERDC-CRREL M-00-1 Remote Sensing of In-Flight Icing Conditions: Operational, Meteorological, and Technological Considerations Charles C. Ryerson U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hanover, New Hampshire Prepared under Customer Order Number C-73343-E National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center March 2000 Acknowledgments Funding for this report was provided by the NASA Glenn Research Center, Icing Technology Branch, under NASA customer order no. C-73343-E, In-Flight Remote Sensing Icing Avoidance. The author wishes to thank A. Reehorst of the NASA Glenn Research Center and G. Koenig of CRREL for extensive reviews of this report and constructive comments, A. Clifford and the CRREL Library for literature acquisition, T. Vaughan for the cover art, and M. Bergstad of CRREL for editing. Cover: Artist's rendering of possible cockpit display as aircraft enters regions of hazardous icing conditions. The display would be created from information gathered from either on-board remote sensors or ground-based sensors uplinking information to the aircraft. Available from NASA Center for Aerospace Information National Technical Information Service 7121 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076 Springfield, VA 22100 Price Code: A04 Price Code: A04 CONTENTS Glossary ..................................................................................................................................... nl 1.0 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 2 2.3 Goal ................................................................................................................................ 2 2.4 Relevance ....................................................................................................................... 3 2.5 Philosophy ..................................................................................................................... 4 2.6 Organization of this report ............................................................................................. 4 3.0 Operational requirements ..................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Pilot needs and human factors ....................................................................................... 6 3.4 Manufacturers and operators .......................................................................................... 8 3.5 Regulatory issues, weather forecasting, and traffic management .................................. 9 3.6 Test beds and platforms .................................................................................................. 10 4.0 Meteorological sensing requirements .................................................................................. 11 4.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 11 4.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 13 4.3 Characterization needs ................................................................................................... 14 4.4 In-situ instrumentation ................................................................................................... 24 4.5 Terminology ................................................................................................................... 28 5.0 Technology development ..................................................................................................... 29 5.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 29 5.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 31 5.3 Radar .............................................................................................................................. 31 5.4 Passive microwave radiometers ..................................................................................... 39 5.5 Lidar ............................................................................................................................... 43 5.6 Temperature measurement ............................................................................................. 44 6.0 Recommendations 46 6.1 Operational needs research ............................................................................................ 47 6.2 Meteorological needs research ....................................................................................... 47 6.3 Technology needs reseach .............................................................................................. 47 7.0 Government roles, missions, and collaborative activities ................................................... 47 7.1 NASA ............................................................................................................................. 47 7.2 FAA ................................................................................................................................ 47 7.3 NCAR ............................................................................................................................ 47 7.4 NOAA ETL .................................................................................................................... 47 7,5 Department of Defense .................................................................................................. 48 8.0 Implementation .................................................................................................................... 48 9.0 Literature cited ..................................................................................................................... 48 NASA/CR--2000-209938
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