electrical blasting cap
electrical blasting cap [ENG] A blasting cap ig- electrical prospecting [ENG] The use of down- nited by electric current and not by a spark. hole electrical logs to obtain subsurface informa- { ə lekиtrəиkəl blastиiŋ kap } tion for geological analysis. { i lekиtrəиkəl pra¨s electrical breakdown See breakdown. { ə lekиtrəи pekиtiŋ } kəl bra¯k dau˙ n} electrical resistance See resistance. { i lekиtrəиkəl electrical conductance See conductance. { ə lekи ri zisиtəns } trəиkəlkən dəkиtəns } electrical-resistance meter See resistance meter. electrical conduction See conduction. { ə lekиtrəи {i lekиtrəиkəlri zisиtəns me¯dиər} kəlkən dəkиshən} electrical-resistance strain gage [ENG] A vibra- electrical conductivity See conductivity. { ə lekи tion-measuring device consisting of a grid of fine trəиkəl ka¨n dək tivиədиe¯ } wire cemented to the vibrating object to measure electrical drainage [ELEC] Diversion of electric fluctuating strains. { i lekиtrəиkəlri zisиtəns currents from subterranean pipes to prevent stra¯n ga¯j} electrolytic corrosion. { i lekиtrəиkəl dra¯nиij } electrical-resistance thermometer See resistance electrical engineer [ENG] An engineer whose thermometer. { i lekиtrəиkəlri zisиtəns thər training includes a degree in electrical engi- ma¨mиədиər} neering from an accredited college or university electrical resistivity [ELEC] The electrical (or who has comparable knowledge and experi- resistance offered by a material to the flow of ence), to prepare him or her for dealing with current, times the cross-sectional area of current the generation, transmission, and utilization of flow and per unit length of current path; the electric energy. { i lekиtrəиkəl enиjə nir } reciprocal of the conductivity. Also known as electrical engineering [ENG] Engineering that resistivity; specific resistance. { i lekиtrəиkəl re¯и deals with practical applications involving cur- zis tivиədиe¯ } rent flow through conductors, as in motors and electrical resistor See resistor. { i lekиtrəиkəlri generators. { i lekиtrəиkəl enиjə nirиiŋ } zisиtər} electrical fault See fault. { i lekиtrəиkəl fo˙ lt } electrical symbol [ELEC] A simple geometrical electrical image [ENG] An image that is ob- symbol used to represent a component of a cir- tained in the course of borehole logging and is cuit in a schematic circuit diagram. { i lekиtrəи based on electrical rather than optical contrasts. kəl simиbəl} {i¦lekиtrəиkəl imиij } electrical transcription See transcription. { i lekи electrical impedance Also known as impedance. trəиkəl tranz kripиshən} [ELEC] 1. The total opposition that a circuit pre- electrical unit [ELEC] A standard in terms of sents to an alternating current, equal to the com- which some electrical quantity is evaluated. plex ratio of the voltage to the current in complex {i lekиtrəиkəl yu¨ иnət} notation. Also known as complex impedance. electrical weighing system [ENG] An instru- 2. The ratio of the maximum voltage in an alter- ment which weighs an object by measuring the nating-current circuit to the maximum current; change in resistance caused by the elastic defor- equal to the magnitude of the quantity in the mation of a mechanical element loaded with the first definition. { i lekиtrəиkəlim pe¯dиəns } object. { i lekиtrəиkəl wa¯иiŋ sisиtəm} electrical insulator See insulator. { i lekиtrəиkəl electrical well logging See electrical logging. inиsə la¯dиər} {i lekиtrəиkəl wel la¨gиiŋ } electrical loading See loading. { i lekиtrəиkəl electric arc [ELEC] A discharge of electricity lo¯ dиiŋ } through a gas, normally characterized by a volt- electrical log [ENG] Recorded measurement of age drop approximately equal to the ionization the conductivities and resistivities down the potential of the gas. Also known as arc. length of uncased borehole; gives a complete {i¦lekиtrik a¨rk } record of the formations penetrated. { i lekиtrəи electric battery See battery. { i¦lekиtrik badиəиre¯ } kəl la¨g} electric boiler [MECH ENG] A steam generator electrical logging [ENG] The recording in un- using electric energy, in immersion, resistor, or cased sections of a borehole of the conductivi- electrode elements, as the source of heat. ties and resistivities of the penetrated forma- { i¦lekиtrik bo˙ ilиər} tions; used for geological correlations of the electric brake [MECH ENG] An actuator in strata and evaluation of possibly productive hori- which the actuating force is supplied by current zons. Also known as electrical well logging. flowing through a solenoid, or through an elec- {i lekиtrəиkəl la¨gиiŋ } tromagnet which is thereby attracted to disks on electrically suspended gyro [ENG] A gyroscope the rotating member, actuating the brake shoes; in which the main rotating element is suspended this force is counteracted by the force of a com- by an electromagnetic or an electrostatic field. pression spring. Also known as electromag- {i lekиtrəиkle¯ səs penиdəd jı¯иro¯ } netic brake. { i¦lekиtrik bra¯k} electrical pressure transducer See pressure trans- electric bridge See bridge. { i¦lekиtrik brij } ducer. { i lekиtrəиkəl preshиər tranz du¨ иsər} electric car [MECH ENG] An automotive vehicle electrical properties [ELEC] Properties of a that is propelled by one or more electric motors substance which determine its response to an powered by a special rechargeable electric bat- electric field, such as its dielectric constant or tery rather than by an internal combustion en- conductivity. { i lekиtrəиkəl pra¨pиərdиe¯z } gine. { i lekиtrik ka¨r}
188
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. electric ignition
electric cell [ELEC] 1. A single unit of a primary or more lengths of wire energized with high-volt- or secondary battery that converts chemical en- age, low-current pulses, and giving a warning ergy into electric energy. 2. A single unit of a shock when touched. { i¦lekиtrik fens } device that converts radiant energy into electric electric field [ELEC] 1. One of the fundamental energy, such as a nuclear, solar, or photovoltaic fields in nature, causing a charged body to be cell. { i¦lekиtrik sel } attracted to or repelled by other charged bodies; electric charge See charge. { i¦lekиtrik cha¨rj } associated with an electromagnetic wave or a electric circuit [ELEC] Also known as circuit. changing magnetic field. 2. Specifically, the 1. A path or group of interconnected paths capa- electric force per unit test charge. { i¦lekиtrik ble of carrying electric currents. 2. An arrange- fe¯ld } ment of one or more complete, closed paths for electric-field intensity See electric-field vector. electron flow. { i¦lekиtrik sərиkət} {i¦lekиtrik ¦fe¯ld in tenиsədиe¯ } electric coil See coil. { i¦lekиtrik ko˙ il } electric-field strength See electric-field vector. electric conductor See conductor. { i¦lekиtrik {i¦lekиtrik ¦fe¯ld streŋkth } kən dəkиtər} electric-field vector [ELEC] The force on a sta- electric connection [ELEC] A direct wire path tionary positive charge per unit charge at a point for current between two points in a circuit. in an electric field. Designated E. Also known {i¦lekиtrik kə nekиshən} as electric-field intensity; electric-field strength; electric connector [ELEC] A device that joins electric vector. { i¦lekиtrik ¦fe¯ld vekиtər} electric conductors mechanically and electrically electric flowmeter [ELEC] Fluid-flow measure- to other conductors and to the terminals of appa- ment device relying on an inductance or imped- ratus and equipment. { i¦lekиtrik kə nekиtər} ance bridge or on electrical-resistance rod ele- electric contact [ELEC] A physical contact that ments to sense flow-rate variations. { i¦lekиtrik permits current flow between conducting parts. flo¯ me¯dиər} Also known as contact. { i¦lekиtrik ka¨n takt } electric flux [ELEC] 1. The integral over a sur- electric contactor See contactor. { i¦lekиtrik ka¨n face of the component of the electric displace- takиtər } ment perpendicular to the surface; equal to the electric coupling [MECH ENG] Magnetic-field number of electric lines of force crossing the coupling between the shafts of a driver and a surface. 2. The electric lines of force in a region. driven machine. { i¦lekиtrik kəpиliŋ } {i¦lekиtrik fləks } electric current density See current density. electric flux density See electric displacement. {i¦lekиtrik ¦kəиrənt denиsədиe¯ } {i¦lekиtrik fləks denиsədиe¯ } electric current meter See ammeter. { i¦lekиtrik electric flux line See electric line of force. { i¦lekи ¦kəиrənt me¯dиər} trik fləks lı¯n} electric desalting [CHEM ENG] A process to re- electric furnace [ENG] A furnace which uses move impurities such as inorganic salts from electricity as a source of heat. { i¦lekиtrik fərи crude oil by settling out in an electrostatic field. nəs} {i¦lekиtrik de¯ so˙ ltиiŋ } electric fuse See fuse. { i¦lekиtrik fyu¨ z} electric detonator [ENG] A detonator ignited by electric guitar [ENG ACOUS] A guitar in which a fuse wire which serves to touch off the primer. a contact microphone placed under the strings {i¦lekиtrik detиən a¯dиər } picks up the acoustic vibrations for amplification electric dipole [ELEC] A localized distribution and for reproduction by a loudspeaker. { i¦lekи of positive and negative electricity, without net trik gə ta¨r} charge, whose mean positions of positive and electric hammer [MECH ENG] An electric-pow- negative charges do not coincide. { i¦lekиtrik ered hammer; often used for riveting or caulking. dı¯ po¯ l} {i¦lekиtrik hamиər} electric dipole moment [ELEC] A quantity char- electric heating [ENG] Any method of con- acteristic of a charge distribution, equal to the verting electric energy to heat energy by resisting vector sum over the electric charges of the prod- the free flow of electric current. { i¦lekиtrik uct of the charge and the position vector of the he¯dиiŋ } charge. { i¦lekиtrik dı¯ po¯ l mo¯ иmənt } electric hygrometer [ENG] An instrument for electric discharge See discharge. { i¦lekиtrik indicating by electrical means the humidity of dis cha¨rj } the ambient atmosphere; usually based on the electric displacement [ELEC] The electric field relation between the electric conductance of a intensity multiplied by the permittivity. Symbol- film of hygroscopic material and its moisture ized D. Also known as dielectric displacement; content. { i¦lekиtrik hı¯ gra¨mиədиər} dielectric flux density; displacement; electric dis- electric hysteresis See ferroelectric hysteresis. placement density; electric flux density; electric {i¦lekиtrik hisиtə re¯иsəs} induction. { i lekиtrik dis pla¯sиmənt } electrician [ENG] A skilled worker who installs, electric drive [MECH ENG] A mechanism which repairs, maintains, or operates electric equip- transmits motion from one shaft to another and ment. { i lek trishиən} controls the velocity ratio of the shafts by electri- electric ignition [MECH ENG] Ignition of a cal means. { i¦lekиtrik drı¯v} charge of fuel vaporand air in an internal com- electric fence [ENG] A fence consisting of one bustion engine by passing a high-voltage electric
189
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. electric image
current between two electrodes in the combus- through which electric energy is passed for trans- tion chamber. { i¦lekиtrik ig nishиən} mission, transformation, distribution, or switch- electric image [ELEC] A fictitious charge used ing. Also known as substation. { i¦lekиtrik in finding the electric field set up by fixed electric ¦pau˙ иər səb sta¯иshən} charges in the neighborhood of a conductor; the electric power system [MECH ENG] A complex conductor, with its distribution of induced sur- assemblage of equipment and circuits for gener- face charges, is replaced by one or more of these ating, transmitting, transforming, and distribut- fictitious charges. Also known as image. ing electric energy. { i¦lekиtrik ¦pau˙ иər sisиtəm} {i¦lekиtrik imиij } electric power transmission [ELEC] Process of electric induction See electric displacement. transferring electric energy from one point to {i¦lekиtrik in dəkиshən} another in an electric power system. { i¦lekиtrik ¦ иə иə electric instrument [ENG] An electricity- pau˙ r tranz mish n} measuring device that indicates, such as an am- electric precipitation [CHEM ENG] A process meter or voltmeter, in contrast to an electric that utilizes an electric field to improve the sepa- meter that totalizes or records. { i¦lekиtrik inи ration of hydrocarbon reagent dispersions. ¦ и ə иə и ə strəиmənt } {ilek trik pr sip ta¯ sh n} electric locomotive [MECH ENG] A locomotive electric pressure transducer See pressure trans- ¦ и ¦ иə и ə operated by electric power picked up from a sys- ducer. { i lek trik presh r tranz du¨ s r} tem of continuous overhead wires, or, some- electric railroad [MECH ENG] A railroad which times, from a third rail mounted alongside the has a system of continuous overhead wires or a track. { i¦lekиtrik lo¯ иkə mo¯ dиiv} third rail mounted alongside the track to supply electric meter [ENG] An electricity-measuring electric power to the locomotive and cars. {i¦lekиtrik ra¯l ro¯ d} device that totalizes with time, such as a watt- ¦ и и ə hour meter or ampere-hour meter, in contrast to electric reactor See reactor. { i lek trik re¯ ak t r} ¦ и иə electric resistance See resistance. { i¦lekиtrik an electric instrument. { i lek trik me¯d r} и ə electric motor See motor. { i¦lekиtrik mo¯ dиər} ri zis t ns } electric polarization See polarization. { i¦lekиtrik electric resistance furnace See resistance furnace. {i¦lekиtrik ri zisиtəns fərиnəs} po¯ иləиrə za¯иshən} electric shunt See shunt. { i¦lekиtrik shənt } electric potential [ELEC] The work which must be done against electric forces to bring a unit electric stacker [MECH ENG] A stacker whose carriage is raised and lowered by a winch pow- charge from a reference point to the point in ered by electric storage batteries. { i¦lekиtrik question; the reference point is located at an stakиər} infinite distance, or, for practical purposes, at electric strength See dielectric strength. { i¦lekи the surface of the earth or some other large con- trik streŋkth } ductor. Also known as electrostatic potential; electric susceptibility [ELEC] A dimensionless potential. Abbreviated V.{i¦lekиtrik pə tenи ə parameter measuring the ease of polarization ch l} of a dielectric, equal (in meter-kilogram-second electric power [ELEC] The rate at which electric units) to the ratio of the polarization to the prod- energy is converted to other forms of energy, uct of the electric field strength and the vacuum equal to the product of the current and the volt- ¦ и иə permittivity. Also known as dielectric suscepti- age drop. { i lek trik pau˙ r} bility. { i¦lekиtrik sə sepиtə bilиədиe¯ } electric power generation MECH ENG The [ ] electric tachometer [ENG] An instrument for large-scale production of electric power for in- measuring rotational speed by measuring the dustrial, residential, and rural use, generally in output voltage of a generator driven by the rotat- stationary plants designed for that purpose. ing unit. { i¦lekиtrik tə ka¨mиədиər} ¦ и ¦ иə иə и ə {ilek trik pau˙ r jen ra¯ sh n} electric tank See electrolytic tank. { i¦lekиtrik ¦ и electric power line See power line. { i lek trik taŋk} иə pau˙ r lı¯n} electric thermometer [ENG] An instrument that electric power meter [ENG] A device that meas- utilizes electrical means to measure tempera- ures electric power consumed, either at an in- ture, such as a thermocouple or resistance ther- stant, as in a wattmeter, or averaged over a time mometer. { i¦lekиtrik thər ma¨mиədиər} interval, as in a demand meter. Also known as electric typewriter [MECH ENG] A typewriter power meter. { i¦lekиtrik pau˙ иər me¯dиər} having an electric motor that provides power for electric power plant [MECH ENG] A power plant all operations initiated by the touching of the that converts a form of raw energy into electricity, keys. { i¦lekиtrik tı¯p rı¯dиər} for example, a hydro, steam, diesel, or nuclear electric vehicle [MECH ENG] A ground vehicle generating station for stationary or transporta- propelled by a motor powered by electrical en- tion service. { i¦lekиtrik pau˙ иər plant } ergy from rechargeable batteries or other source electric power station [ELEC] A generating sta- onboard the vehicle, or from an external source tion or an electric power substation. { i¦lekиtrik in, on, or above the roadway; examples include pau˙ иər sta¯иshən} the electrically powered golf cart, automobile, electric power substation [ELEC] An assembly and trolley bus. { i¦lekиtrik ve¯иəиkəl} of equipment in an electric power system electric wire See wire. { i¦lekиtrik wı¯r}
190
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. electroexplosive
electroacoustic effect See acoustoelectric effect. electrode characteristic [ELECTR] Relation be- {i¦lekиtro¯ иə¦ku¨ иstik i fekt } tween the electrode voltage and the current to electroacoustics [ENG ACOUS] The conversion an electrode, all other electrode voltages being of acoustic energy and waves into electric energy maintained constant. { i lek tro¯ d karиikиtə risи and waves, or vice versa. { i¦lekиtro¯ иə ku¨ иstiks } tik } electroacoustic transducer [ENG ACOUS] A electrode conductance [ELECTR] Quotient of transducer that receives waves from an electric the inphase component of the electrode alternat- system and delivers waves to an acoustic system, ing current by the electrode alternating voltage, or vice versa. Also known as sound transducer. all other electrode voltage being maintained {i¦lekиtro¯ иə¦ku¨ иstik tranz du¨ иsər} constant; this is a variational and not a total electrochemical grinding See electrolytic grinding. conductance. Also known as grid conductance. {i lekиtro¯ ¦kemиiиkəl grı¯ndиiŋ } {i lek tro¯ dkən dəkиtəns } electrochemical power generation [ENG] The electrode couple [ELEC] The pair of electrodes direct conversion of chemical energy to electric in an electric cell, between which there is a po- energy, as in a battery or fuel cell. { i lekиtro¯ tential difference. { i lek tro¯ d kəиpəl} kemиəиkəl pau˙ иər jenиə ra¯иshən} electrode current [ELECTR] Current passing to electrochemical recording [ELECTR] Recording or from an electrode, through the interelectrode by means of a chemical reaction brought about space within a vacuum tube. { i lek tro¯ d kəи by the passage of signal-controlled current rənt } through the sensitized portion of the record electrode impedance [ELECTR] Reciprocal of sheet. { i lekиtro¯ kemиəиkəlri ko˙ rdиiŋ } the electrode admittance. { i lek tro¯ dim pe¯dи electrochemical thermodynamics [THERMO] əns } The application of the laws of thermodynamics electrode resistance [ELECTR] Reciprocal of to electrochemical systems. { i lekиtro¯ kemиəи the electrode conductance; this is the effective kəl thərmиo¯ иdı¯ namиiks } parallel resistance and is not the real component electrochemical transducer [ENG] A device of the electrode impedance. { i lek tro¯ dri zisи which uses a chemical change to measure the təns } input parameter; the output is a varying electrical electrode-type liquid-level meter [ENG] Device signal proportional to the measurand. { i lekи that senses liquid level by the effect of the liquid- tro¯ kemиəиkəl tranz du¨ иsər} gas interface on the conductance of an electrode electrochemical valve [ELEC] Electric valve or probe. { i lek tro¯ d tı¯p ¦likиwəd ¦levиəl me¯dи consisting of a metal in contact with a solution or ər} compound, across the boundary of which current electrode voltage See electrode potential. { i lek flows more readily in one direction than in the tro¯ d vo¯ lиtij } other direction, and in which the valve action electrodrill [MECH ENG] A drilling machine is accompanied by chemical changes. { i lekи driven by electric power. { i lekиtro¯ dril } tro¯ kemиəиkəl valv } electrodynamic ammeter [ENG] Instrument electrochromic device [ENG] A self-contained, which measures the current passing through a hermetically sealed, two-electrode electrolytic fixed coil and a movable coil connected in series cell that includes one or more electrochromic by balancing the torque on the movable coil materials and an electrolyte. { i lekиtrə¦kro¯ mи (resulting from the magnetic field of the fixed ik di vı¯s} coil) against that of a spiral spring. { i lekиtro¯ и electrochromic display [ELECTR] A solid-state dı¯ namиik a me¯dиər} passive display that uses organic or inorganic electrodynamic instrument [ENG] An instru- insulating solids which change color when in- ment that depends for its operation on the reac- jected with positive or negative charges. { i¦lekи tion between the current in one or more movable tro¯ ¦kro¯ иmik di spla¯ } coils and the current in one or more fixed coils. electrode [ELEC] 1. An electric conductor Also known as electrodynamometer. { i lekиtro¯ и through which an electric current enters or leaves dı¯ namиik inиstrəиmənt } a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, electrodynamic loudspeaker [ENG ACOUS] Dy- solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum. 2. One namic loudspeaker in which the magnetic field of the terminals used in dielectric heating or is produced by an electromagnet, called the field diathermy for applying the high-frequency elec- coil, to which a direct current must be furnished. tric field to the material being heated. {i lekиtro¯ иdı¯ namиik lau˙ d spe¯kиər} {i lek tro¯ d} electrodynamic wattmeter [ENG] An electrody- electrode admittance [ELECTR] Quotient of di- namic instrument connected as a wattmeter, viding the alternating component of the elec- with the main current flowing through the fixed trode current by the alternating component of coil, and a small current proportional to the volt- the electrode voltage, all other electrode volt- age flowing through the movable coil. Also ages being maintained constant. { i lek tro¯ d known as moving-coil wattmeter. { i lekиtro¯ и ad mitиəns } dı¯ namиik wa¨t me¯dиər} electrode capacitance [ELECTR] Capacitance electrodynamometer See electrodynamic instru- between one electrode and all the other elec- ment. { i lekиtro¯ dı¯иnə ma¨mиədиər} trodes connected together. { i lek tro¯ dkə pasи electroexplosive [ENG] An initiator or a system ədиəns } in which an electric impulse initiates detonation
191
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. electrograph
or deflagration of an explosive. { i lekиtro¯ иik electromagnetic flowmeter [ENG] A flowmeter splo¯ иsiv} that offers no obstruction to liquid flow; two electrograph [ENG] Any plot, graph, or tracing coils produce an electromagnetic field in the produced by the action of an electric current on conductive moving fluid; the current induced in prepared sensitized paper (or other chart mate- the liquid, detected by two electrodes, is directly rial) or by means of an electrically controlled proportional to the rate of flow. Also known as stylus or pen. { i lekиtrə graf } electromagnetic meter. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedиik electrohydraulic [ENG] Operated or effected by flo¯ me¯dиər} a combination of electric and hydraulic mecha- electromagnetic interference [ELEC] Interfere- nisms. { i¦lekиtro¯ иhı¯ dro˙ lиik } nce, generally at radio frequencies, that is gener- electrokinetograph [ENG] An instrument used ated inside systems, as contrasted to radio-fre- to measure ocean current velocities based on quency interference coming from sources out- their electrical effects in the magnetic field of side a system. Abbreviated emi. { i¦lekиtro¯ и the earth. { i lekиtro¯ иkə nedиə graf } mag nedиik inиtər firиəns } electroluminescence [ELECTR] The emission electromagnetic log [ENG] A log containing an of light, not due to heating effects alone, re- electromagnetic sensing element extended be- sulting from application of an electric field to a low the hull of the vessel; this device produces material, usually solid. { i¦lekиtro¯ lu¨ иmə nesи a voltage directly proportional to speed through əns } the water. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedиik la¨g} electrolyte-MOSFET [ENG] A metal oxide semi- electromagnetic logging [ENG] A method of conductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) that well logging in which a transmitting coil sets is immersed in a solution to determine the con- up an alternating electromagnetic field, and a centrations of dissolved redox active species; the receiver coil, placed in the drill hole above the bulk part of the work function of the gate elec- transmitter coil, measures the secondary electro- trode of the transistor changes when the sensor magnetic field induced by the resulting eddy cur- membrane is oxidized or reduced. Abbreviated rents within the formation. Also known as elec- EMOSFET. { i¦lekиtrə lı¯t mo˙ s fet } tromagnetic well logging. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedи electrolytic grinding [MECH ENG] A combined ik la¨gиiŋ } grinding and machining operation in which the electromagnetic meter See electromagnetic flow- abrasive, cathodic grinding wheel is in contact meter. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedиik me¯dиər} with the anodic workpiece beneath the surface of electromagnetic noise [ELEC] Noise in a com- an electrolyte. Also known as electrochemical munications system resulting from undesired grinding. { i lekиtrə lidиik grı¯ndиiŋ } electromagnetic radiation. Also known as radi- electrolytic mercaptan process [CHEM ENG] A ation noise. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedиik no˙ iz } process in which an aqueous caustic solution is electromagnetic prospecting See electromagnetic used to extract mercaptans from refinery surveying. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedиik pra¨ spekиtiŋ } streams. { i lekиtrə lidиik mər kapиtan pra¨иsəs} electromagnetic surveying [ENG] Under- electrolytic refining See electrorefining. { i lekи ground surveying carried out by generating elec- trə lidиik rə fı¯nиiŋ } tromagnetic waves at the surface of the earth; the electrolytic strip See humidity strip. { i lekи waves penetrate the earth and induce currents in trə lidиik strip } conducting ore bodies, thereby generating new electrolytic tank [ENG] A tank in which voltages waves that are detected by instruments at the are applied to an enlarged scale model of an surface or by a receiving coil lowered into a bore- electron-tube system or a reduced scale model hole. Also known as electromagnetic prospect- of an aerodynamic system immersed in a poorly ing. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedиik sər va¯иiŋ } conducting liquid, and equipotential lines be- electromagnetic well logging See electromagnetic tween electrodes are traced; used as an aid to logging. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedиik wel la¨gиiŋ } electron-tube design or in computing ideal fluid electromanometer [ENG] An electronic instru- flow; the latter application is based on the fact ment used for measuring pressure of gases or that the velocity potential in ideal flow and the liquids. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmə na¨mиədиər} stream function in planar flow satisfy the same electromechanical [MECH ENG] Pertaining to a equation, Laplace’s equation, as an electrostatic mechanical device, system, or process which is potential. Also known as electric tank; poten- electrostatically or electromagnetically actuated tial flow analyzer. { i lekиtrə lidиik taŋk} or controlled. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmi kanиəиkəl} electromachining [MECH ENG] The application electromechanical circuit [ELEC] A circuit con- of electric or ultrasonic energy to a workpiece to taining both electrical and mechanical parame- effect removal of material. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmə she¯nи ters of consequence in its analysis. { i¦lekиtro¯ и iŋ } mi kanиəиkəl sərиkə t} electromagnetic brake See electric brake. { i¦lekи electromechanics [MECH ENG] The technology tro¯ иmag nedиik bra¯k} of mechanical devices, systems, or processes electromagnetic clutch [MECH ENG] A clutch which are electrostatically or electromagnetically based on magnetic coupling between conduc- actuated or controlled. { i¦lekиtro¯ иmi kanиiks } tors, such as a magnetic fluid and powder clutch, electrometer [ENG] An instrument for measur- an eddy-current clutch, or a hysteresis clutch. ing voltage without drawing appreciable current. {i¦lekиtro¯ иmag nedиik kləch } { i lek tra¨mиədиər}
192
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. electronic chart display
electron beam [ELECTR] A narrow stream of film in a vacuum chamber. { i lek tra¨n be¯m electrons moving in the same direction, all hav- ri ko˙ rdиər} ing about the same velocity. { i lek tra¨n be¯m} electron-beam tube [ELECTR] An electron tube electron-beam channeling [ELECTR] The tech- whose performance depends on the formation nique of transporting high-energy, high-current and control of one or more electron beams. electron beams from an accelerator to a target {i lek tra¨n be¯m tu¨ b} through a region of high-pressure gas by creating electron conduction [ELEC] Conduction of a path through the gas where the gas density electricity resulting from motion of electrons, may be temporarily reduced; the gas may be rather than from ions in a gas or solution, or ionized; or a current may flow whose magnetic holes in a solid. [THERMO] The transport of field focuses the electron beam on the target. energy in highly ionized matter primarily by elec- {i lek tra¨n be¯m chanиəlиiŋ } trons of relatively high temperature moving in electron-beam drilling [ELECTR] Drilling of tiny one direction and electrons of lower temperature holes in a ferrite, semiconductor, or other mate- moving in the other. { i lek tra¨nkən dəkиshən} rial by using a sharply focused electron beam to electron cyclotron resonance reactor [ENG] A melt and evaporate or sublimate the material in plasma reactor in which resonant coupling of a vacuum. { i lek tra¨n be¯m drilиiŋ } microwave energy into an electron gas at elec- electron-beam generator [ELECTR] Velocity- tron cyclotron resonance accelerates electrons, modulated generator, such as a klystron tube, which in turn ionize and excite the neutral gas, used to generate extremely high frequencies. resulting in a low-pressure, almost collisionless {i lek tra¨n be¯m jenиə ra¯dиər } plasma. { i¦lek tra¨n ¦sı¯иklə tra¨n rezиəиnəns electron-beam ion source [ELECTR] A source of re¯ akиtər} multiply charged heavy ions which uses an in- electronegative [ELEC] 1. Carrying a negative tense electron beam with energies of 5 to 10 electric charge. 2. Capable of acting as the neg- kiloelectronvolts to successively ionize injected ative electrode in an electric cell. { i¦lekиtro¯ gas. Abbreviated EBIS. { i lek tra¨n be¯m ¯ı a¨n negиədиiv} so˙ rs } electron flow [ELEC] A current produced by the electron-beam ion trap [ELECTR] A device for movement of free electrons toward a positive producing the highest possible charge states of terminal; the direction of electron flow is oppo- heavy ions, in which impact ionization or excita- site to that of current. { i lek tra¨n flo¯ } tion by successive electrons is efficiently electron holography [ELECTR] An imaging achieved by causing the ions to be trapped in a technique using the wave nature of electrons compressed electron beam by the electron and light, in which an interference pattern be- beam’s space charge. Abbreviated EBIT tween an object wave and a reference wave is {i lek tra¨n be¯ iиən trap } formed using a coherent field-emission electron electron-beam lithography [ELECTR] Lithogra- beam from a sharp tungsten needle, and is re- phy in which the radiation-sensitive film or resist corded on film as a hologram, and the image is placed in the vacuum chamber of a scanning- of the original object is then reconstructed by beam electron microscope and exposed by an iilluminating a light beam equivalent to the refer- electron beam under digital computer control; ence wave onto the hologram. { i lek tra¨nho¯ after exposure, the film is removed from the vac- la¨gиrəиfe¯ } uum chamber for conventional development and electronically agile radar [ENG] An airborne ra- other production processes. { i lek tra¨n be¯m dar that uses a phased-array antenna which li tha¨gиrəиfe¯ } changes radar beam shapes and beam positions electron-beam magnetometer [ENG] A magne- at electronic speeds. { i lek tra¨nиikиle¯ aиjəl tometer that depends on the change in intensity ra¯ da¨r} or direction of an electron beam that passes electronic altimeter See radio altimeter. { i lek through the magnetic field to be measured. tra¨nиik al timиədиər} {i lek tra¨n be¯m magиnə ta¨mиədиər} electronic cash register [ENG] A system for au- electron-beam parametric amplifier [ELECTR] tomatically checking out goods from retail food A parametric amplifier in which energy is stores, consisting of a device that scans packages pumped from an electrostatic field into a beam and reads symbols imprinted on the label, and of electrons traveling down the length of the a computer that converts the symbol information tube, and electron couplers impress the input to tell a cash register the price of the item; the signal at one end of the tube and translate spiral- computer can also keep records of sales and ing electron motion into electric output at the inventories. Abbreviated ECR. { i lek tra¨nиik other. { i lek tra¨n be¯m parиə¦meиtrik amи kash rejиəиstər} plə fı¯иər} electronic chart display and information system electron-beam pumping [ELECTR] The use of [ENG] A navigation information system with an an electron beam to produce excitation for popu- electronic chart database, as well as navigational lation inversion and lasing action in a semicon- and piloting information (typically, vessel-route- ductor laser. { i lek tra¨n be¯m pəmpиiŋ } monitoring, track-keeping, and track-planning electron-beam recorder [ELECTR] A recorder in information). Abbreviated ECDIS. { iиlek which a moving electron beam is used to record ¦tra¨nиik cha¨rt di¦spla¯ ən inиfər ma¯иshən sisи signals or data on photographic or thermoplastic təm}
193
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. electronic dummy
electronic dummy [ENG ACOUS] A vocal simu- in which a transducer sends speed and distance lator which is a replica of the head and torso pulses over wires to the speed and mileage indi- of a person, covered with plastisol flesh that cators, eliminating the need for a mechanical simulates the acoustical and mechanical proper- link involving a flexible shaft. { i lek tra¨nиik ties of real flesh, and possessing an artificial spe¯ da¨mиədиər} voice and two artificial ears. Abbreviated ED. electronic thermometer [ENG] A thermometer {i lek tra¨nиik dəmиe¯ } in which a sensor, usually a thermistor, is placed electronic engineering [ENG] Engineering that on or near the object being measured. { i lek deals with practical applications of electronics. tra¨nиik thər ma¨mиədиər} {i lek tra¨nиik enиjə nirиiŋ } electronic voltmeter [ENG] Voltmeter which electronic flame safeguard [MECH ENG] An uses the rectifying and amplifying properties of electrode used in a burner system which detects electron devices and their associated circuits to the main burner flame and interrupts fuel flow secure desired characteristics, such as high-in- и if the flame is not detected. { i lek tra¨n ik put impedance, wide-frequency range, crest indi- fla¯m sa¯f ga¨rd } cations, and so on. { i lek tra¨nиik vo¯ lt me¯dиər} electronic fuse [ENG] A fuse, such as the radio electron injection [ELECTR] 1. The emission of proximity fuse, set off by an electronic device и electrons from one solid into another. 2. The incorporated in it. { i lek tra¨n ik fyu¨ z} process of injecting a beam of electrons with an electronic heating [ENG] Heating by means of electron gun into the vacuum chamber of a mass radio-frequency current produced by an elec- spectrometer, betatron, or other large electron tron-tube oscillator or an equivalent radio-fre- accelerator. { i lek tra¨nin jekиshən} quency power source. Also known as high-fre- electron microscope [ELECTR] A device for quency heating; radio-frequency heating. forming greatly magnified images of objects by {i lek tra¨nиik hedиiŋ } ¯ means of electrons, usually focused by electron electronic humidistat [ENG] A humidistat in lenses. { i lek tra¨n mı¯иkrə sko¯ p} which a change in the relative humidity causes electron vacuum gage [ENG] An instrument a change in the electrical resistance between two used to measure vacuum by the ionization effect sets of alternate metal conductors mounted on that an electron flow (from an incandescent fila- a small flat plate with plastic coating, and this ment to a charged grid) has on gas molecules. change in resistance is measured by a relay am- и plifier. { i lek tra¨nиik hyu¨ midиə stat } {ilek tra¨n vak yu¨ m ga¯j} electrooptic radar ENG Radar system using electronic logger See Geiger-Mu¨ ller probe. { i lek [ ] tra¨nиik la¨gиər} electrooptic techniques and equipment instead of microwave to perform the acquisition and electronic music [ENG ACOUS] Music con- и и sisting of tones originating in electronic sound tracking operation. { i lek tro¯ a¨p tik ra¯ da¨r} and noise generators used alone or in conjunc- electropainting [ENG] Electrolytic deposition of a thin layer of paint on a metal surface which tion with electroacoustic shaping means и и ŋ and sound-recording equipment. { i lek tra¨nиik is made an anode. { i lek tro¯ pa¯nt i } myu¨ иzik } electrophotoluminescence [ELECTR] Emission electronic musical instrument [ENG ACOUS] A of light resulting from application of an electric musical instrument in which an audio signal is field to a phosphor which is concurrently, or has ¦ и produced by a pickup or audio oscillator and been previously, excited by other means. { i lek ¦ и и ə иə amplified electronically to feed a loudspeaker, tro¯ fo¯ d o¯ lu¨ m nes ns } as in an electric guitar, electronic carillon, elec- electrorefining [CHEM ENG] Petroleum refinery tronic organ, or electronic piano. { i lek tra¨nиik process for light hydrocarbon streams in which ¦myu¨ иzəиkəl inиstrəиmənt } an electrostatic field is used to assist in separa- electronic packaging [ENG] The technology of tion of chemical treating agents (acid, caustic, packaging electronic equipment; in current us- doctor) from the hydrocarbon phase. { i¦lekиtro¯ и age it refers to inserting discrete components, ri fı¯nиiŋ } integrated circuits, and MSI and LSI chips (usu- electroresistive effect [ELECTR] The change in ally attached to a lead frame by beam leads) into the resistivity of certain materials with changes plates through holes on multilayer circuit boards in applied voltage. { i¦lekиtroиri zisиtivi fekt } (also called cards), where they are soldered in electroscope [ENG] An instrument for de- place. { i lek tra¨nиik pakиijиiŋ } tecting an electric charge by means of the me- electronic photometer See photoelectric photo- chanical forces exerted between electrically meter. { i lek tra¨nиik fo¯ ta¨mиədиər} charged bodies. { i lekиtrə sko¯ p} electronic polarization [ELEC] Polarization electrostatic [ELEC] Pertaining to electricity at arising from the displacement of electrons with rest, such as an electric charge on an object. respect to the nuclei with which they are associ- {i lekиtrə stadиik } ated, upon application of an external electric electrostatic actuator See actuator. { i lekиtrə field. { i lek tra¨nиik po¯ иləиrə za¯иshən} stadиik akиchə wa¯dиər} electronic robot [CONT SYS] A robot whose mo- electrostatic atomization [MECH ENG] Atomi- tions are powered by a direct-current stepper zation in which a liquid jet or film is exposed to motor. { i lek tra¨nиik ro¯ ba¨t} an electric field, and forces leading to atomiza- electronic speedometer [ENG] A speedometer tion arise from either free charges on the surface
194
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. electrostriction
or liquid polarization. { i lekиtrə stadиik adиəи charges at rest, their electric fields, and poten- mə za¯иshən} tials. { i lekиtrə stadиiks } electrostatic attraction See Coulomb attraction. electrostatic separation [ENG] Separation of {i lekиtrə stadиik ə trakиshən} finely pulverized materials by placing them in electrostatic energy [ELEC] The potential en- electrostatic separators. Also known as high- ergy which a collection of electric charges pos- tension separation. { i lekиtrə stadиik sepи sesses by virtue of their positions relative to each ə ra¯иshən} other. { i lekиtrə stadиik enиərиje¯ } electrostatic separator [ENG] A separator in electrostatic field [ELEC] A time-independent which a finely pulverized mixture falls through a electric field, such as that produced by stationary powerful electric field between two electrodes; charges. { i lekиtrə stadиik fe¯ld } materials having different specific inductive ca- electrostatic force [ELEC] Force on a charged pacitances are deflected by varying amounts and particle due to an electrostatic field, equal to fall into different sorting chutes. { i lekи the electric field vector times the charge of the trə stadиik sepиə ra¯dиər} particle. { i lekиtrə stadиik fo˙ rs } electrostatic shielding [ELEC] The placing of a electrostatic force microscopy [ENG] The use grounded metal screen, sheet, or enclosure of an atomic force microscope to measure elec- around a device or between two devices to pre- trostatic forces from electric charges on a sur- vent electric fields from interacting. { i lekи face. { i¦lekиtrə stadиik ¦fo˙ rs mı¯ kra¨иskəиpe¯ }trə stadиik she¯ldиiŋ } electrostatic generator [ELEC] Any machine electrostatic stress [ELEC] An electrostatic which produces electric charges by friction or field acting on an insulator, which produces po- (more commonly) electrostatic induction. larization in the insulator and causes electrical {i lekиtrə stadиik jenиə ra¯dиər } breakdown if raised beyond a certain intensity. electrostatic gyroscope [ENG] A gyroscope in {i lekиtrə stadиik stres } which a small beryllium ball is electrostatically electrostatic transducer [ENG ACOUS] A trans- suspended within an array of six electrodes in ducer consisting of a fixed electrode and a mov- a vacuum inside a ceramic envelope. { i lekи able electrode, charged electrostatically in oppo- trə stadиik jı¯иrə sko¯ p} site polarity; motion of the movable electrode electrostatic induction [ELEC] The process of changes the capacitance between the electrodes charging an object electrically by bringing it near and thereby makes the applied voltage change another charged object, then touching it to in proportion to the amplitude of the electrode’s ground. Also known as induction. { i lekи motion. Also known as condenser transducer. trə stadиik in dəkиshən} {i lekиtrə stadиik tranz du¨ иsər} electrostatic interactions See Coulomb interac- electrostatic tweeter [ENG ACOUS] A tweeter tions. { i lekиtrə stadиik intиə rakиshənz } loudspeaker in which a flat metal diaphragm is electrostatic loudspeaker [ENG ACOUS] A driven directly by a varying high voltage applied loudspeaker in which the mechanical forces are between the diaphragm and a fixed metal elec- produced by the action of electrostatic fields; in trode. { i lekиtrə stadиik twe¯dиər} one type the fields are produced between a thin electrostatic units [ELEC] A centimeter-gram- metal diaphragm and a rigid metal plate. Also second system of electric and magnetic units in known as capacitor loudspeaker. { i lekи which the unit of charge is that charge which trə stadиik lau˙ d spe¯kиər} exerts a force of 1 dyne on another unit charge electrostatic microphone See capacitor micro- when separated from it by a distance of 1 centi- phone. { i lekиtrə stadиik mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} meter in vacuum; other units are derived from electrostatic painting [ENG] A painting process this definition by assigning unit coefficients in that uses the particle-attracting property of elec- equations relating electric and magnetic quanti- trostatic charges; direct current of about 100,000 ties. Abbreviated esu. { i lekиtrə stadиik yu¨ и volts is applied to a grid of wires through which nəts } the paint is sprayed to charge each particle; the electrostatic voltmeter [ENG] A voltmeter in metal objects to be sprayed are connected to which the voltage to be measured is applied the opposite terminal of the high-voltage circuit, between fixed and movable metal vanes; the re- so that they attract the particles of paint. sulting electrostatic force deflects the movable {i lekиtrə stadиik pa¯ntиiŋ } vane against the tension of a spring. { i lekи electrostatic potential See electric potential. trə stadиik vo¯ lt me¯dиər} {i lekиtrə stadиik pə tenиchəl} electrostatic wattmeter [ENG] An adaptation of electrostatic precipitator [ENG] A device which a quadrant electrometer for power measure- removes dust or other finely divided particles ments in which two quadrants are charged by from a gas by charging the particles inductively the voltage drop across a noninductive shunt with an electric field, then attracting them to resistance through which the load current pas- highly charged collector plates. Also known as ses, and the line voltage is applied between one precipitator. { i lekиtrə stadиik prə sipиə ta¯dи of the quadrants and a moving vane. { i lekи ər} trə stadиik wa¨t me¯dиər} electrostatic repulsion See Coulomb repulsion. electrostriction [MECH] A form of elastic defor- {i lekиtrə stadиik ri pəlиshən} mation of a dielectric induced by an electric field, electrostatics [ELEC] The study of electric associated with those components of strain
195
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. electrostriction transducer
which are independent of reversal of field direc- elevated flooring See raised flooring. { ¦elиə va¯dи tion, in contrast to the piezoelectric effect. Also əd flo˙ rиiŋ } known as electrostrictive strain. { i¦lekиtro¯ elevation [ENG] Vertical distance to a point or strikиshən} object from sea level or some other datum. electrostriction transducer [ENG ACOUS] A { elиə va¯иshən} transducer which depends on the production of elevation angle See angle of elevation. { elиə va¯и an elastic strain in certain symmetric crystals shən aŋиgəl} when an electric field is applied, or, conversely, elevation meter [ENG] An instrument that which produces a voltage when the crystal is measures the change of elevation of a vehicle. deformed. Also known as ceramic transducer. { elиə va¯иshən me¯dиər} {i¦lekиtro¯ strikиshən tranz du¨ иsər} elevation stop [ENG] Structural unit in a gun electrostrictive strain See electrostriction. { i¦lekи or other equipment that prevents it from being tro¯ strikиtiv stra¯n} elevated or depressed beyond certain fixed lim- иə и ə electrothermal ammeter See thermoammeter. its. { el va¯ sh n sta¨p} {i¦lekиtro¯ thərиməl a medиər} elevator [MECH ENG] Also known as elevating electrothermal energy conversion [ENG] The machine. 1. Vertical, continuous-belt, or chain direct conversion of electric energy into heat en- device with closely spaced buckets, scoops, ergy, as in an electric heater. { i¦lekиtro¯ thərиməl arms, or trays to lift or elevate powders, granules, enиərиje¯ kən vərиzhən} or solid objects to a higher level. 2. Pneumatic device in which air or gas is used to elevate finely electrothermal process [ENG] Any process which uses an electric current to generate heat, powdered materials through a closed conduit. utilizing resistance, arcs, or induction; used to 3. An enclosed platform or car that moves up achieve temperatures higher than can be ob- and down in a shaft for transporting people or materials. Also known as lift. { elиə va¯dиər} tained by combustion methods. { i¦lekиtro¯ thərи elevator dredge [MECH ENG] A dredge which məl pra¨sиəs} has a chain of buckets, usually flattened across electrothermal voltmeter [ENG] An electrother- the front and mounted on a nearly vertical lad- mal ammeter employing a series resistor as a der; used principally for excavation of sand and multiplier, thus measuring voltage instead of иə и ¦ и ə и ə иə gravel beds under bodies of water. { el va¯d current. { i lek tro¯ th r m l vo¯ lt me¯d r} ər drej } Elektrion process [CHEM ENG] A process of Elgin extractor [CHEM ENG] Spray-tower, condensation and polymerization in which a mix- multistage, counterflow extractor in which the ture of a relatively light mineral oil and a fatty diameter of the base section is expanded to elim- oil is subjected to an electric discharge in an inate flow restriction at the light-liquid distribu- atmosphere of hydrogen; the product is a very tion location. { ¦elиjənik strakиtər} viscous oil used for blending with lighter lubri- и иə ell [BUILD] A wing built perpendicular to the cating oils. { i lek tre¯ a¨n pra¨s s} main section of a building. { el } element [CIV ENG] See member. [ELEC] See elliptical orbit [MECH] The path of a body mov- component. [IND ENG] A brief, relatively ho- ing along an ellipse, such as that described by mogeneous part of a work cycle that can be de- either of two bodies revolving under their mutual иəи ə scribed and identified. { el m nt } gravitational attraction but otherwise undis- elemental motion [IND ENG] In time-and- turbed. { ə lipиtəиkəl o˙ rиbət} motion study, a fundamental subdivision of the elliptical system [ENG] A tracking or navigation hand movements in manipulating an object. system where ellipsoids of position are deter- Also known as basic element; fundamental mo- mined from time or phase summation relative tion; therblig. { elиə ment əl mo¯ иshən} to two or more fixed stations which are the fo- elementary commodity group [IND ENG] The cuses for the ellipsoids. { ə lipиtəиkəl sisиtəm} lowest level of goods or services for which con- elliptic gear [MECH ENG] A change gear com- sistent values can be determined. Also known posed of two elliptically shaped gears, each ro- as elementary group. { elиə¦menиtre¯ kə madи tating about one of its focal points. { ə lipиtik ədиe¯ gru¨ p} gir } elementary group See elementary commodity elliptic spring [DES ENG] A spring made of lami- group. { elиə menиtre¯ gru¨ p} nated steel plates, arched to resemble an ellipse. element breakdown [IND ENG] Separation of a { ə lipиtik spriŋ } work cycle into elemental motions. { elиəи elongation [MECH] The fractional increase in a mənt bra¯k dau˙ n} material’s length due to stress in tension or to elements [MECH] The various features of a tra- thermal expansion. { e¯ loŋ ga¯иshən} jectory such as the angle of departure, maximum elutriation [CHEM ENG] The process of remov- ordinate, angle of fall, and so on. { elиəи ing substances from a mixture through washing mənts } and decanting. [ENG] In a mixture, the sepa- element time [IND ENG] The time to complete ration of finer lighter particles from coarser heav- a specific motion element. { elиəиmənt tı¯m} ier particles through a slow stream of fluid mov- elevate [ENG] To increase the angle of elevation ing upward so that the lighter particles are car- of a gun, launcher, optical instrument, or the ried with it. { e¯ lu¨ иtre¯ a¯иshən} like. { elиə va¯t} elutriator [ENG] An apparatus used to separate
196
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. end mill
suspended solid particles according to size by emitter barrier [ELECTR] One of the regions in the process of elutriation. { e¯ lu¨ иtre¯ adиər} which rectification takes place in a transistor, emagram [THERMO] A graph of the logarithm lying between the emitter region and the base of the pressure of a substance versus its tempera- region. { i midиər barиe¯иər} ture, when it is held at constant volume; in mete- emitter junction [ELECTR] A transistor junction orological investigations, the potential tempera- normally biased in the low-resistance direction ture is often the parameter. { emиə gram } to inject minority carriers into a base. { i midи emanometer [ENG] An instrument for the ər jəŋkиshən} measurement of the radon content of the atmos- EMOSFET See electrolyte-MOSFET. phere: radon is removed from a sample of air by employment test [IND ENG] Any of a wide vari- condensation or adsorption on a surface, and is ety of tests to measure intelligence, personality then placed in an ionization chamber and its traits, skills, interests, aptitudes, or other charac- activity determined. { emиə na¨mиədиər } teristics; used to supplement interviews, physi- embankment [CIV ENG] 1. A ridge constructed cal examinations, and background investigations of earth, stone, or other material to carry a road- before employment. { em plo˙ iиmənt test } way or railroad at a level above that of the sur- empty-cell process [ENG] A wood treatment in rounding terrain. 2. A ridge of earth or stone which the preservative coats the cells without to prevent water from passing beyond desirable filling them. { emиte¯ sel pra¨sиəs} limits. Also known as bank. { em baŋkиmənt } emulsification test [CHEM ENG] Standard labo- embossing stylus [ENG ACOUS] A recording ratory procedure for evaluating the resistance of stylus with a rounded tip that forms a groove insulating oils, turbine oils, and other lubricating by displacing material in the recording medium. oils to emulsification. { ə məlиsəиfə ka¯иshən {em ba¨sиiŋ stı¯иləs} test } embrittlement [MECH] Reduction or loss of emulsion cleaner [CHEM ENG] A cleaner com- ductility or toughness in a metal or plastic with posed of organic solvents dispersed in an aque- little change in other mechanical properties. ous solution with the aid of an emulsifying agent. { em bridиəlиmənt } { ə məlиshən kle¯nиər} emergency brake [MECH ENG] A brake that can enamel See glaze. { i namиəl} be set by hand and, once set, continues to hold enameling [ENG] The application of a vitreous until released; used as a parking brake in an glaze to pottery or metal surfaces, followed by automobile. { ə mərиjənиse¯ bra¯k } fusing in a kiln or furnace. { i namиliŋ } Emerson wage incentive plan [IND ENG] A plan enamel kiln [ENG] A kiln in which enamel colors comprising time wages to 662/3% of standard are fired. { i namиəl kil } performance, empiric bonuses from there to encastre´ beam See fixed-end beam. { a¨nиkaиstra¯ standard performance, ending at 120% time be¯m} wages, and thereafter a straight-line earning encoder See matrix. { en ko¯ dиər} which is 20% above and parallel to basic piece encrustation [ENG] The buildup of slag or other rate. { emиərиsən wa¯jin senиtiv plan } material inside furnaces and kilns. { enи Emery-Dietz gravity corer [ENG] A tube, with krə sta¯иshən} weights attached, which forces sediment sam- end-bearing pile [CIV ENG] A bearing pile that ples into its interior as it is dropped on the ocean is driven down to hard ground so that it carries bottom. { ¦emиəиre¯ ¦de¯ts gravиədиe¯ ko˙ rиər} the full load at its point. Also known as a point- emery wheel [DES ENG] A grinding wheel made bearing pile. { end berиiŋ pı¯l} of or having a surface of emery powder; used for end construction [CIV ENG] Structural blocks or grinding and polishing. { emиəиre¯ we¯l } tiles laid so that the hollow cells run vertically. emi See electromagnetic interference. { end kən strəkиshən} emission standard [ENG] The maximum legal end effector [CONT SYS] The component of a quantity of pollutant permitted to be discharged robot that comes into contact with the workpiece from a single source. { i mishиən stanиdərd } and does the actual work on it. Also known as emissive power See emittance. { i¦misиiv pau˙ иər} hand { end i fekиtər} emissivity [THERMO] The ratio of the radiation end-feed centerless grinding [MECH ENG] emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by Centerless grinding in which the piece is fed a perfect blackbody radiator at the same temper- through grinding and regulating wheels to an ature. Also known as thermal emissivity. { e¯и end stop. { end fe¯d ¦senиtərиləs grı¯ndиiŋ } mə sivиədиe¯ } end item [ENG] A final combination of end emittance [THERMO] The power radiated per products, component parts, or materials which unit area of a radiating surface. Also known as is ready for its intended use; for example, ship, emissive power; radiating power. { i mitиəns } tank, mobile machine shop, or aircraft. { end emitter [ELECTR] A transistor region from which ¯ıdиəm} charge carriers that are minority carriers in the end lap [DES ENG] A joint in which two joining base are injected into the base, thus controlling members are made to overlap by removal of half the current flowing through the collector; corres- the thickness of each. { end lap } ponds to the cathode of an electron tube. Sym- end loader [MECH ENG] A platform elevator at bolized E. Also known as emitter region. the rear of a truck. { end lo¯ dиər} {i midиər} end mill [MECH ENG] A machine which has a
197
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. end-milled keyway
rotating shank with cutting teeth at the end and mixture absorbs the perfume, which is subse- spiral blades on the peripheral surface; used for quently extracted. { ¦a¨n flu˙ ¦ra¨zh } shaping and cutting metal. { end mil } engaged column [CIV ENG] A column partially end-milled keyway See profiled keyway. { end built into a wall, and not freestanding. { in ga¯jd mild ke¯ wa¯ } ka¨lиəm} end-of-arm speed [CONT SYS] The speed at engine [MECH ENG] A machine in which power which an end effector arrives at its desired posi- is applied to do work by the conversion of various tion. { ¦end əv ¦a¨rm spe¯d} forms of energy into mechanical force and mo- endoradiosonde [ENG] A miniature battery- tion. { enиjən} powered radio transmitter encapsulated like a engine balance [MECH ENG] Arrangement and pill, designed to be swallowed for measuring and construction of moving parts in reciprocating or transmitting physiological data from the gastro- rotating machines to reduce dynamic forces intestinal tract. { ¦enиdo¯ ra¯dиe¯иo¯ sa¨nd } which may result in undesirable vibrations. end play [MECH ENG] Axial movement in a { enиjən balиəns } shaft-and-bearing assembly resulting from clear- engine block See cylinder block. { enиjən bla¨k} ances between the components. { end pla¯ } engine cooling [MECH ENG] Controlling the end point [CHEM ENG] In the distillation analy- temperature of internal combustion engine parts sis of crude petroleum and its products, the high- to prevent overheating and to maintain all op- est reading of a thermometer when a specified erating dimensions, clearances, and alignment proportion of the liquid has boiled off. Also by a circulating coolant, oil, and a fan. { enи known as final boiling point. [CONT SYS] The jən ku˙ lиiŋ } point at which a robot stops along its path of engine cycle [THERMO] Any series of thermo- motion. See breakpoint. { end po˙ int } dynamic phases constituting a cycle for the con- end-point rigidity [CONT SYS] The resistance of version of heat into work; examples are the Otto a robot to further movement after it has reached cycle, Stirling cycle, and Diesel cycle. { enиjən its end point. { en po˙ int ri jidиədиe¯ } sı¯иkəl} end stop [MECH ENG] A limit to the movement engine cylinder [MECH ENG] A cylindrical of a mechanical system or part, usually brought chamber in an engine in which the energy of the about by valves or shock absorbers. { end working fluid, in the form of pressure and heat, sta¨p} is converted to mechanical force by performing end turning See boxing. { end tərnиiŋ } work on the piston. Also known as cylinder. endurance [ENG] The time an aircraft, vehicle, { enиjən silиənиdər} or ship can continue operating under given con- engine displacement [MECH ENG] Volume dis- ditions without refueling. { in du˙ rиəns } placed by each piston moving from bottom dead endurance limit See fatigue limit. { in du˙ rиəns center to top dead center multiplied by the num- limиət} ber of cylinders. { enиjəndi spla¯sиmənt } endurance ratio See fatigue ratio. { in du˙ rиəns engine efficiency [MECH ENG] Ratio between ra¯иsho¯ } the energy supplied to an engine to the energy endurance strength See fatigue strength. { in output of the engine. { enиjəni fishиənиse¯ } du˙ rиəns streŋkth } engineer [ENG] An individual who specializes energy beam [ENG] An intense beam of light, in one of the branches of engineering. { enи electrons, or other nuclear particles; used to cut, jə nir } drill, form, weld, or otherwise process metals, engineering economy [IND ENG] 1. Application ceramics, and other materials. { enиərиje¯ of engineering or mathematical analysis and syn- be¯m } thesis to decision making in economics. 2. The energy conversion efficiency [MECH ENG] The knowledge and techniques concerned with eval- efficiency with which the energy of the working uating the worth of commodities and services substance is converted into kinetic energy. relative to their cost. 3. Analysis of the eco- { enиərиje¯ kən vərиzhəni fishиənиse¯ } nomics of engineering alternatives. { enиjə nirи energy efficiency ratio [ELEC] A value that rep- iŋ i ka¨nиəиme¯ } resents the relative electrical efficiency of air engineering geology [CIV ENG] The application conditioners; it is the quotient obtained by divid- of education and experience in geology and ing Btu-per-hour output by electrical-watts input other geosciences to solve geological problems during cooling. { enиərиje¯ i fishиənиse ra¯иsho¯ } posed by civil engineering structures. { enи energy ellipsoid See momental ellipsoid. { ¦enи jə nirиiŋ je a¨lиəиje¯ } ərиje¯ i lip so˙ id } engineer’s chain [CIV ENG] A surveyor’s mea- energy integral [MECH] A constant of integra- suring instrument consisting of 1-foot (30.48- tion resulting from integration of Newton’s sec- centimeter) steel links joined together by rings, ond law of motion in the case of a conservative 100 feet (30.5 meters) or 50 feet (15.25 meters) force; equal to the sum of the kinetic energy of long. Also known as chain. { enиjə nirz the particle and the potential energy of the force cha¯n} acting on it. { enиərиje¯ inиtəиgrəl} engine inlet [MECH ENG] A place of entrance enfleurage [CHEM ENG] Removal of the odorif- for engine fuel. { enиjən inиlət} erous components from flowers by placing them engine knock [MECH ENG] In spark ignition en- near an odorless mixture of lard and tallow; this gines, the sound and other effects associated
198
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. envelope
with ignition and rapid combustion of the last stream from the stripping column is further puri- part of the charge to burn, before the flame front fied by countercurrent contact with a downward- reaches it. Also known as combustion knock. flowing reflux stream from the overhead product- { enиjən na¨k} recovery vessel. { in richиiŋ ka¨lиəm} engine lathe [MECH ENG] A manually operated enrockment [CIV ENG] A grouping of large lathe equipped with a headstock of the back- stones dropped into water to form a base, such geared, cone-driven type or of the geared-head as for supporting a pier. { in ra¨kиmənt } type. { enиjən la¯th } entering angle [MECH ENG] The angle between engine performance [MECH ENG] Relationship the side-cutting edge of a tool and the machined between power output, revolutions per minute, surface of the work; angle is 90Њ for a tool with fuel or fluid consumption, and ambient condi- 0Њ side-cutting edge angle effective. { entиəиriŋ tions in which an engine operates. { enиjən aŋиgəl} ə и ə p r fo˙ r m ns } enthalpy [THERMO] The sum of the internal en- engine sludge [ENG] The insoluble products of ergy of a system plus the product of the system’s degradation of lubricating oils and fuels formed volume multiplied by the pressure exerted on during the operation of an internal combustion the system by its surroundings. Also known as и ə ə engine. { en j n sl j} heat content; sensible heat; total heat. { en Engler distillation test [CHEM ENG] A standard thalиpe¯ } test for determination of the volatility character- enthalpy-entropy chart [THERMO] A graph of istics of a gasoline by the measurement of the the enthalpy of a substance versus its entropy percent of gasoline distilled at various specific ŋи ə и ə и ə at various values of temperature, pressure, or temperatures. { e gl r dis t la¯ sh n test } specific volume; useful in making calculations Engler flask [CHEM ENG] A standardized flask about a machine or process in which this sub- of 100-milliliter volume used in the Engler dis- stance is the working medium. { en¦thalиpe¯ enи tillation test. { eŋиglər flask } trəиpe¯ cha¨rt } Engler viscometer [ENG] An instrument used enthalpy of vaporization See heat of vaporization. in the measurement of the degree Engler, a {en thalиpe əv vaиpəиrə zaиshən} measure of viscosity; the kinematic viscosity ¯ ¯ ¯ entrainer CHEM ENG An additive that forms in stokes for this instrument is obtained from [ ] the equation ϭ 0.00147t Ϫ 3.74/t, where t is an azeotrope with one component of a liquid the efflux time in seconds. { eŋиglərvi ska¨mи mixture to aid in otherwise difficult separations ədиər} by distillation, as in azeotropic distillation. {en tranиər} English garden-wall bond [CIV ENG] A masonry ¯ bond in which there are three courses of stretch- entrainment [CHEM ENG] A process in which ers to one of headers. { iŋиglish ¦ga¨rdиən the liquid boils so violently that suspended droplets of liquid are carried in the escaping wo˙ l ba¨nd } и ə enhancement [ELECTR] An increase in the den- vapor. { en tra¯n m nt } sity of charged carriers in a particular region of entrance [CIV ENG] The seaward end of a chan- a semiconductor. { en hansиmənt } nel, harbor, and so on. [ENG] A place of physi- enhancement mode ELECTR Operation of a cal entering, such as a door or passage. [ ] и ə field-effect transistor in which no current flows { en tr ns } when zero gate voltage is applied, and increasing entrance angle [ENG] In molding, the maxi- the gate voltage increases the current. { en mum angle, measured from the center line of hansиmənt mo¯ d} the mandrel, at which molten material enters и ə ŋи ə enhancement-mode high-electron-mobility tran- the land area of a die. { en tr ns a g l} sistor [ELECTR] A high-electron-mobility entrance lock [CIV ENG] A lock between the transistor in which application of a positive bias tideway and an enclosed basin made necessary to the gate electrode is required for current to because the levels of the two bodies of water flow between the source and drain electrodes. vary; by means of this lock, vessels can pass Abbreviated E-HEMT. { en hansиmənt ¦mo¯ d hı¯ either way at all states of the tide. Also known i¦lek tra¨nmo¯ ¦bilиədиe¯ tran zisиtər} as guard lock; tidal lock; tide lock. { enиtrəns enhancement-mode junction field-effect transis- la¨k} tor [ELECTR] A type of gallium arsenide field- entropy [THERMO] Function of the state of a effect transistor in which the gate consists of the thermodynamic system whose change in any dif- junction between the n-type gallium arsenide ferential reversible process is equal to the heat forming the conducting channel and p-type ma- absorbed by the system from its surroundings terial implanted under a metal electrode. Ab- divided by the absolute temperature of the sys- brevate E-JFET. { en hansиmənt ¦mo¯ d jəŋkи tem. Also known as thermal charge. { enи shən fe¯ld i fekt tran zisиtər} trəиpe¯ } enqueue [ENG] To place a data item in a entry ballistics [MECH] That branch of ballistics queue. { en kyu¨ } which pertains to the entry of a missile, space- enriching column [CHEM ENG] The portion of craft, or other object from outer space into and a countercurrent contractor (liquid-liquid extrac- through an atmosphere. { enиtre¯ bə lisиtiks } tion or vapor-liquid distillation) above the feed entry point See entrance. { enиtre¯ po˙ int } point in which an upward-moving, product-rich envelope [ENG] The glass or metal housing of
199
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. environment
an electron tube or the glass housing of an incan- obstacle is a function of the speed of the air. descent lamp. { enиvə lo¯ p} {e¯ o¯ lиyənanиə ma¨mиədиər} environment [ENG] The aggregate of all natural, eon [MECH] A unit of time, equal to 109 years. operational, or other conditions that affect the { e¯ a¨n} operation of equipment or components. Eo¨tvo¨s effect [MECH] An apparent decrease (or {in vı¯иərnиmənt or in vı¯иrənиment } increase) in the weight of a body moving from environmental cab [ENG] Operator’s compart- west to east (or east to west) because of its ment in earthmovers equipped with tinted safety greater (or smaller) centrifugal acceleration. glass, soundproofing, air conditioning, and { ətиvəsh i fekt } cleaning units. { in¦vı¯иərn¦mentиəl kab } Eo¨tvo¨s rule [THERMO] The rule that the rate of environmental control [ENG] Modification and change of molar surface energy with temperature control of soil, water, and air environments of is a constant for all liquids; deviations are en- humans and other living organisms. { in¦vı¯и countered in practice. { ətиvəsh ru¨ l} ərn¦məntиəlkən tro¯ l} Eo¨tvo¨s torsion balance [ENG] An instrument environmental control system [ENG] A system which records the change in the acceleration of used in a closed area, especially a spacecraft or gravity over the horizontal distance between the submarine, to permit life to be sustained; the ends of a beam; used to measure density varia- tions of subsurface rocks. { ətиvəsh to˙ rиshən system provides the occupants with a suitably иə controlled atmosphere to permit them to live bal ns } and work in the area. { in¦vı¯иərn¦məntиəlkən epicyclic gear [MECH ENG] A system of gears in which one or more gears travel around the tro¯ l sisиtəm} inside or the outside of another gear whose axis environmental engineering [ENG] The technol- ¦ иə¦ и ogy concerned with the reduction of pollution, is fixed. { ep sı¯ klik gir } epicyclic train MECH ENG A combination of contamination, and deterioration of the sur- [ ] epicyclic gears, usually connected by an arm, in roundings in which humans live. { in¦vı¯и which some or all of the gears have a motion ərn¦məntиəlenиjə nirиiŋ } compounded of rotation about an axis and a environmental impact analysis [IND ENG] translation or revolution of that axis. { ¦epиə¦sı¯и Predetermination of the extent of pollution or klik tra¯n} environmental degradation which will be in- epitaxial diffused-junction transistor [ELECTR] volved in a mining or processing project. { in¦vı¯и ə ¦ ə иə ə иəи ə A junction transistor produced by growing a thin, rn m nt l im pakt nal s s} high-purity layer of semiconductor material on environmental impact statement [ENG] A re- a heavily doped region of the same type. { epи port of the potential effect of plans for land use ə takиse¯иəldə¦fyu¨ zd ¦jəŋkиshən tran zisиtər} in terms of the environmental, engineering, es- epitaxial diffused-mesa transistor [ELECTR] A thetic, and economic aspects of the proposed diffused-mesa transistor in which a thin, high- objective. { in¦vı¯иərn¦məntиəl im pakt sta¯tи ə resistivity epitaxial layer is deposited on the sub- m nt } strate to serve as the collector. { epиə takиse¯и environmental protection [ENG] The protection əldə¦fyu¨ zd ¦ma¯иsə tran zisиtər} of humans and equipment against stresses of epitaxial transistor [ELECTR] Transistor with climate and other elements of the environment. one or more epitaxial layers. { epиə takиse¯иəl ¦ иə ¦ иə ə и ə {invı¯ rn ment lpr tek sh n} tran zisиtər} environmental range [ENG] The range of envi- Eppley pyrheliometer [ENG] A pyrheliometer of ronment throughout which a system or portion the thermoelectric type; radiation is allowed to thereof is capable of operation at not less than fall on two concentric silver rings, the outer cov- the specified level of reliability. { in¦vı¯и ered with magnesium oxide and the inner cov- ərn¦məntиəl ra¯nj } ered with lampblack; a system of thermocouples environmental stress cracking [MECH] The (thermopile) is used to measure the temperature susceptibility of a material to crack or craze in difference between the rings; attachments are the presence of surface-active agents or other provided so that measurements of direct and factors. { in¦vı¯иərn¦məntиəl stres krakиiŋ } diffuse solar radiation may be obtained. { epи environmental test [ENG] A laboratory test con- le¯ ¦pı¯r he¯иle¯ a¨mиədиər} ducted to determine the functional performance equal-arm balance [MECH] A simple balance in of a component or system under conditions that which the distances from the point of support simulate the real environment in which the com- of the balance-arm beam to the two pans at ponent or system is expected to operate. the end of the beam are equal. { ¦e¯иkwal ¦a¨rm {in¦vı¯иərn¦məntиəl test } balиəns } environment simulator [ENG] Any machine or equaling file [DES ENG] A slightly bulging dou- artificial device that simulates all or some of the ble-cut file used in fine toolmaking. { e¯иkwəlи attributes of an environment, such as the solar iŋ fı¯l} simulators with artificial suns used in testing equalizer [ELECTR] A network designed to com- spacecraft. { in¦vı¯иərn¦mənt simиyə la¯dиər} pensate for an undesired amplitude-frequency eolian anemometer [ENG] An anemometer or phase-frequency response of a system or com- which works on the principle that the pitch of ponent; usually a combination of coils, capaci- the eolian tones made by air moving past an tors, and resistors. Also known as equalizing
200
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. equivalent nitrogen pressure
circuit. [MECH ENG] 1. A bar to which one at- equilibrium distillation See equilibrium flash vapor- taches a vehicle’s whiffletrees to make the pull of ization. { e¯иkwə¦libиre¯иəm disиtə¦la¯иshən} draft animals equal. Also known as equalizing equilibrium flash vaporization [CHEM ENG] bar. 2. A bar which joins a pair of axle springs Process in which a continuous liquid-mixture on a railway locomotive or car for equalization feed stream is partly vaporized in a column or of weight. Also known as equalizing bar. vessel, with continuous withdrawal of vapor and 3. A device which distributes braking force liquid portions, the vapor and liquid in equilib- among independent brakes of an automotive ve- rium. Also known as continuous equilibrium hicle. Also known as equalizer brake. 4. A ma- vaporization; equilibrium distillation; flash dis- chine which saws wooden stock to equal lengths. tillation; simple continuous distillation. { e¯и { e¯иkwə lı¯zиər} kwə libиre¯иəm flash va¯иpəиrə za¯иshən} equalizing line [CHEM ENG] A pipe or tubing equilibrium state [IND ENG] A state in which the interconnection between two closed vessels, numbers of customers or items waiting in a containers, or process systems to allow pressure queue varies in such a way that the mean and и ə и ŋ equalization. { e¯ kw lı¯z i lı¯n} distribution remain constant over a long period. equalizing reservoir [CIV ENG] A reservoir lo- { e¯иkwə libиre¯иəm sta¯t} cated between a primary water supply and the equipment [ENG] One or more assemblies ca- consumer for the purpose of maintaining equi- pable of performing a complete function. librium between different portions of the distri- { ə kwipиmənt } bution system. { eиkwə lı¯zиiŋ rezиəv wa¨r} ¯ equipment chain [ENG] Group of equipments equation of motion [MECH] 1. Equation which that are functionally in series; the failure of one specifies the coordinates of particles as func- or more of the equipments results in loss of the tions of time. 2. A differential equation, or one function. { ə kwipиmənt cha¯n} of several such equations, from which the coordi- equipment replacement study [IND ENG] A cost nates of particles as functions of time can be analysis based on estimates of operating costs obtained if the initial positions and velocities of over a stated time for the old facility compared the particles are known. { i kwa¯иzhən əv mo¯ и with the new facility. { ə kwipиmənt ri plasи shən} ¯ mənt stədиe¯ } equation of piezotropy [THERMO] An equation obeyed by certain fluids which states that the equipollent [MECH] Of two systems of forces, time rate of change of the fluid’s density equals having the same vector sum and the same total torque about an arbitrary point. { ¦eиkwə¦pa¨lи the product of a function of the thermodynamic ə variables and the time rate of change of the pres- nt } sure. { i kwa¯иzhən əvpe¯иə za¨иtrəиpe¯ } equipotential surface [ELEC] A surface on which the electric potential is the same at every equatorial mounting [ENG] The mounting of an equatorial telescope; it has two perpendicular point. [MECH] A surface which is always nor- axes, the polar axis (parallel to the earth’s axis) mal to the lines of force of a field and on which the potential is everywhere the same. { ¦eиkwəи that turns on fixed bearings, and the declination ə и ə ə и ə axis, supported by the polar axis. { eиkwə to˙ rи p ten ch l s r f s} e¯иəl mau˙ ntиiŋ } equivalent annual rate [IND ENG] A measure equatorial plane [MECH] A plane perpendicular used in setting up a monthly rate on a compara- to the axis of rotation of a rotating body and ble basis for each of the months regardless of equidistant from the intersections of this axis their variation in working days, or for making the with the body’s surface, provided that the body rate comparable with an annual rate regardless is symmetric about the axis of rotation and is of the variation in working days during each symmetric under reflection through this plane. month. { i kwivиəиlənt ¦anиyəиwəl ra¯t} { eиkwə to˙ rиe¯иəl pla¯n} equivalent bending moment [MECH] A bending equatorial telescope [ENG] An astronomical moment which, acting alone, would produce in telescope that revolves about an axis parallel to a circular shaft a normal stress of the same mag- the earth’s axis and automatically keeps a star nitude as the maximum normal stress produced on which it has been fixed in its field of view. by a given bending moment and a given twisting { eиkwə to˙ rиe¯иəl telиə sko¯ p} moment acting simultaneously. { i kwivиəиlənt equilibrant [MECH] A single force which cancels bendиiŋ mo¯ иmənt } the vector sum of a given system of forces acting equivalent blackbody temperature [THERMO] on a rigid body and whose torque cancels the For a surface, the temperature of a blackbody sum of the torques of the system. { i kwilиəи which emits the same amount of radiation per brənt } unit area as does the surface. { i kwivиəиlənt equilibristat [ENG] A device for measuring the blak ba¨dиe¯ temиprəиchər} deviation from equilibrium of a railroad car as equivalent circuit [ELEC] A circuit whose be- it goes around a curve. { e¯иkwə libиrə stat } havior is identical to that of a more complex equilibrium [MECH] Condition in which a parti- circuit or device over a stated range of operating cle, or all the constituent particles of a body, are conditions. { i kwivиəиlənt sərиkət} at rest or in unaccelerated motion in an inertial equivalent nitrogen pressure [MECH] The pres- reference frame. Also known as static equilib- sure that would be indicated by a device if the gas rium. { e¯иkwə libиre¯иəm } inside it were replaced by nitrogen of equivalent
201
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. equivalent noise pressure
molecular density. { i kwivиəиlənt nı¯иtrəиjən by muscles under control conditions. { ər ga¨mи preshиər} ədиər} equivalent noise pressure [ENG ACOUS] In an ergonometrics [IND ENG] The application of electroacoustic transducer or sound reception various procedures for determining the time for system, the root-mean-square sound pressure of an operator to perform a task satisfactorily, using a sinusoidal plane progressive wave, which when the standard method in the usual environmental propagated parallel to the primary axis of the conditions, for example, time study or work sam- transducer, produces an open-circuit signal volt- pling. Also known as work measurement. age equivalent to the root-mean-square of the { ər ga¨nиə me triks } inherent open-circuit noise voltage of the trans- ergonomics [IND ENG] The study of human ca- ducer in a transmission band with a bandwidth pability and psychology in relation to the work- of l hertz and centered on the frequency of the ing environment and the equipment operated by plane sound wave. Also known as inherent the worker. { ərиgə na¨mиiks } noise pressure. { i kwivиəиlənt no˙ iz preshиər} Ericsson cycle [THERMO] An ideal thermody- equivalent orifice [MECH ENG] An expression namic cycle consisting of two isobaric processes of fan performance as the theoretical sharp-edge interspersed with processes which are, in effect, orifice area which would offer the same resist- isothermal, but each of which consists of an infi- ance to flow as the system resistance itself. nite number of alternating isentropic and iso- {i kwivиəиlənt o˙ rиəиfəs } baric processes. { erиikиsən sı¯иkəl} equivalent round [ENG] The diameter of a circle error coefficient [CONT SYS] The steady-state whose circumference is equal to the circumfer- value of the output of a control system, or of ence of a pipe whose cross section is not a per- some derivative of the output, divided by the fect circle. { i¦kwivиəиlənt rau˙ nd } steady-state actuating signal. Also known as equivalent temperature [THERMO] A term used error constant. { erиər ko¯ иi fishиənt } in British engineering for that temperature of a error constant See error coefficient. { erиər uniform enclosure in which, in still air, a sizable ka¨nиstənt } blackbody at 75ЊF (23.9ЊC) would lose heat at error of closure [ENG] Also known as angular the same rate as in the environment. { i kwivи error of closure. 1. The amount by which the əиlənt temиprəиchər } measurement of the azimuth of the first line of equivalent twisting moment [MECH] A twisting a traverse, made after completing the circuit, moment which, if acting alone, would produce fails to equal the initial measurement. 2. The in a circular shaft a shear stress of the same amount by which the sum of the angles meas- magnitude as the shear stress produced by a ured around the horizon differs from 360Њ.{ erи given twisting moment and a given bending mo- ər əv klo¯ иzhər} ment acting simultaneously. { i kwivиəиlənt error signal [CONT SYS] In an automatic control twistиiŋ mo¯ иmənt } device, a signal whose magnitude and sign are equivalent viscous damping [MECH] An as- used to correct the alignment between the con- sumed value of viscous damping used in analyz- trolling and the controlled elements. See error ing a vibratory motion, such that the dissipation voltage. [ELECTR] A voltage that depends on of energy per cycle at resonance is the same the signal received from the target in a tracking for the assumed or the actual damping force. system, having a polarity and magnitude depen- {i kwivиəиlənt ¦visиkəs dampиiŋ } dent on the angle between the target and the equiviscous temperature [CHEM ENG] A meas- center of the scanning beam. { erиər sigиnəl} ure of viscosity used in the tar industry, equal escalation [IND ENG] Provision in actual or esti- to the temperature in degrees Celsius at which mated costs for inflational increases in the costs the viscosity of tar is 50 seconds as measured of equipment, materials, labor, and so on, over in a standard tar efflux viscometer. Abbreviated those specified in an original contract. { esи EVT. { ¦eиkwə¦visиkəs temиprəиchər} kə la¯иshən} erection [CIV ENG] Positioning and fixing the escalator [MECH ENG] A continuously moving frame of a structure. { i rekиshən} stairway and handrail. { esиkə la¯dиər} erection bolt [CIV ENG] A threaded rod with a escape hatch [ENG] A hatch which permits per- head at one end, used to temporarily join parts sons to escape from a compartment, such as the of a structure during construction. { i rekи interior of a submarine or aircraft, when normal shən bo¯ lt } means of exiting are blocked. { ə ska¯p hach } erection stress [MECH] The internal forces ex- escapement [MECH ENG] A ratchet device that erted on a structural member during construc- permits motion in one direction slowly. tion. { i rekиshən stres } { ə ska¯pиmənt } erection tower [CIV ENG] A temporary frame- escutcheon [DES ENG] An ornamental shield, work built at a construction site for hoisting flange, or border used around a dial, window, equipment. { i rekиshən tau˙ иər} control knob, or other panel-mounted part. ergograph [ENG] An instrument with a re- Also known as escutcheon plate. { e skəchиən} cording device used to measure work capacity escutcheon plate See escutcheon. of muscles. { ərиgə graf } esthesiometer [ENG] An instrument used to ergometer [ENG] An instrument with a re- measure tactile sensibility by determining the cording device used to measure work performed distance by which two points pressed against
202
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. event
the skin must be separated in order that they be evaporation loss [CHEM ENG] The loss of a felt as separate. Also spelled aesthesiometer. stored volatile liquid component or mixture by {es the¯иze¯ a¨mиədиər} evaporation; controlled by temperature, pres- estimated time [IND ENG] A predicted element sure, and the presence or absence of vapor- or operation time. { esиtə ma¯dиəd tı¯m} recovery systems. { i vapиə ra¯иshən lo˙ s} esu See electrostatic units. evaporation pan [ENG] A type of atmometer etched circuit [ENG] A printed circuit formed consisting of a pan, used in the measurement by chemical or electrolytic removal of unwanted of the evaporation of water into the atmosphere. portions of a layer of conductive material bonded {i vapиə ra¯иshən pan } to an insulating base. { ¦echt sərиkət} evaporation tank [ENG] A tank used to measure ethoxylation [CHEM ENG] A catalytic process the evaporation of water under controlled condi- which involves the direct addition of ethylene tions. { i vapиə ra¯иshən taŋk} oxide to an alkyl phenol or to an aliphatic alco- evaporative condenser [MECH ENG] An appa- и ə и ə hol. { e tha¨k s la¯ sh n} ratus in which vapor is condensed within tubes ethylene alkylation [CHEM ENG] A catalytic pe- that are cooled by the evaporation of water flow- troleum-refining process in which dry isobutane ing over the outside of the tubes. { i vapиə ra¯dи and ethylene react to form ethylene alkylate. ə и ə иə и ə и ə ivk n den s r} { eth le¯n al k la¯ sh n} evaporative control system [MECH ENG] A mo- EU See expected value. tor vehicle system that prevents escape of gaso- eudiometer [ENG] An instrument for measuring line vapors from the fuel tank or carburetor to the changes in volume during the combustion of atmosphere while the engine is not operating. gases, consisting of a graduated tube that is {i¦vapиə ra¯dиivk ən tro¯ l sisиtəm} closed at one end and has two wires sealed into evaporative cooling [ENG] 1. Lowering the it, between which a spark may be passed. { yu¨ и temperature of a large mass of liquid by utilizing de a¨mиədиər} ¯ the latent heat of vaporization of a portion of Euler angles [MECH] Three angular parameters the liquid. 2. Cooling air by evaporating water that specify the orientation of a body with re- into it. 3. See vaporization cooling. { i vapи spect to reference axes. { o˙ iиlər aŋиgəlz } ə ra¯dиiv ku¨ lиiŋ } Euler equation [MECH] Expression for the en- evaporative cooling tower See wet cooling tower. ergy removed from a gas stream by a rotating иə и и ŋ иə blade system (as a gas turbine), independent {ivap ra¯d iv ku¨ l i tau˙ r} of the blade system (as a radial- or axial-flow evaporator [CHEM ENG] A device used to va- system). { o˙ iиləri kwa¯иzhən} porize part or all of the solvent from a solution; the valuable product is usually either a solid Euler equations of motion [MECH] A set of three differential equations expressing relations or concentrated solution of the solute. [MECH between the force moments, angular velocities, ENG] Any of many devices in which liquid is and angular accelerations of a rotating rigid changed to the vapor state by the addition of body. { o˙ iиləri¦kwa¯иzhənz əv mo¯ иshən} heat, for example, distiller, still, dryer, water puri- Euler force [MECH] The greatest load that a fier, or refrigeration system element where evap- long, slender column can carry without buckling, oration proceeds at low pressure and conse- иə иə according to the Euler formula for long columns. quent low temperature. { i vap ra¯d r} иə иə и { o˙ iиlər fo˙ rs } evaporimeter See atmometer. { i vap rim d ə Euler formula for long columns [MECH] A for- r} mula which gives the greatest axial load that a evaporite pond [IND ENG] Any containment long, slender column can carry without buckling, area for brines or solution-mined effluents con- in terms of its length, Young’s modulus, and the structed to permit solar evaporation and harvest- moment of inertia about an axis along the center ing of dewatered evaporite concentrates. of the column. { o˙ iиlər ¦fo˙ rиmyəиlə fər lo˙ ŋ {i vapиə rı¯t pa¨nd } ka¨lиəmz } evapotranspirometer [ENG] An instrument Eulerian description See Euler method. { o˙ i¦lerи which measures the rate of evapotranspiration; e¯иəndi skripиshən} consists of a vegetation soil tank so designed Euler method [MECH] A method of studying that all water added to the tank and all water fluid motion and the mechanics of deformable left after evapotranspiration can be measured. bodies in which one considers volume elements {i vapиo¯ tranzиpə ra¨mиədиər} at fixed locations in space, across which material Evase´ stack [CIV ENG] In tunnel engineering, flows; the Euler method is in contrast to the an exhaust stack for air having a cross section Lagrangian method. { oiиlər methиəd} that increases in the direction of airflow at a rate Euler-Rodrigues parameter [MECH] One of to regain pressure. { ¦a¯ va¨¦za¯ stak } four numbers which may be used to specify the even pitch [DES ENG] The pitch of a screw in orientation of a rigid body; they are components which the number of threads per inch is a multi- of a quaternion. { ¦o˙ iиlərrə dre¯иgəspə ramи ple (or submultiple) of the threads per inch of ədиər} the lead screw of the lathe on which the screw EV See expected value. is cut. { ¦e¯иvən pich } evaporation gage See atmometer. { i vapиə ra¯и event [IND ENG] A specified accomplishment in shən ga¯j } a program at a particular time; appears as a node
203
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. event recorder
in a graphic representation of an endeavor with reference condition, usually the surrounding am- a specific objective (project). { i vent } bient condition. { eksиərиje¯ } event recorder [ENG] A recorder that plots on- exhaust [MECH ENG] 1. The working substance off information against time, to indicate when discharged from an engine cylinder or turbine events start, how long they last, and how often after performing work on the moving parts of they recur. { i vent ri ko˙ rdиər} the machine. 2. The phase of the engine cycle event tree [IND ENG] A graphical representa- concerned with this discharge. 3. A duct for tion of the possible sequence of events that the escape of gases, fumes, and odors from an might occur following an event that initiates an enclosure, sometimes equipped with an arrange- accident. { i vent tre¯ } ment of fans. { ig zo˙ st } evolutionary operation [IND ENG] An iterative exhaust deflecting ring [MECH ENG] A type of technique for optimizing a production process jetavator consisting of a ring so mounted at the by systematically introducing small changes in end of a nozzle as to permit it to be rotated into и ŋ ŋ the process and then observing and evaluating the exhaust stream. { ig zo˙ st di flek ti ri } the results. { ¦evиə¦lu¨ иshə nerиe¯ a¨pиə ra¯иshən} exhaust gas [MECH ENG] Spent gas leaving an EVT See equiviscous temperature. internal combustion engine or gas turbine. Ewing’s hysteresis tester [ENG] An instrument {igzo˙ st gas } for determining the hysteresis loss of a specimen exhaust-gas analyzer [ENG] An instrument of magnetic material by measuring the deflection that analyzes the gaseous products to determine the effectiveness of the combustion process. of a horseshoe magnet when the specimen is иə иə rapidly rotated between the poles of the magnet {igzo˙ st gas an lı¯z r} and the magnet is allowed to rotate about an exhaust head [ENG] A device placed on the end axis that is aligned with the axis of rotation of of an exhaust pipe to remove oil and water and to reduce noise. { ig zo˙ st hed } the specimen. { ¦yu¨ иiŋz hisиtə re¯иsəs tesиtər} exhaustion region [ELECTR] A layer in a semi- excavation [CIV ENG] 1. The process of digging conductor, adjacent to its contact with a metal, a hollow in the earth. 2. An uncovered cavity in which there is almost complete ionization of in the ground. { ekиskə vaиshən} ¯ atoms in the lattice and few charge carriers, re- excavator [MECH ENG] A machine for digging sulting in a space-charge density. { ig zo˙ sиchən and removing earth. { ekиskə va¯dиər} re¯иjən} exception handling [CONT SYS] The actions exhaust manifold [MECH ENG] A branched sys- taken by a control system when unpredictable tem of pipes to carry waste emissions away from conditions or situations arise in which the con- и ə the piston chambers of an internal combustion troller must respond quickly. { ek sep sh n engine. { ig zo˙ st manиə fo¯ ld } handиliŋ } exhaust pipe [MECH ENG] The duct through excess air [ENG] Amount of air in a combustion which engine exhaust is discharged. { ig zo˙ st process greater than the amount theoretically ¦ pı¯p} required for complete oxidation. { ek ses er } exhaust scrubber [ENG] A purifying device on excess coefficient [MECH ENG] The ratio internal combustion engines which removes Ϫ (A R)/R, where A is the amount of air admitted noxious gases from engine exhaust. { ig zo˙ st in the combustion of fuel and R is the amount skrəbиər} и иə required. { ek ses ko¯ i fish nt } exhaust stroke [MECH ENG] The stroke of an exchange adsorption [CHEM ENG] Ion ex- engine, pump, or compressor that expels the change process in which the fluid phase contains fluid from the cylinder. { ig zo˙ st stro¯ k} (or consists of) two adsorbable components exhaust suction stroke [MECH ENG] A stroke of which together entirely saturate the surfaces of an engine that simultaneously removes used fuel the adsorbent. { iks cha¯nj ad so˙ rpиshən} and introduces fresh fuel to the cylinder. { ig exchanger See heat exchanger. { iks cha¯njиər} zo˙ st səkиshən stro¯ k} excitation [CONT SYS] The application of energy exhaust valve [MECH ENG] The valve on a cylin- to one portion of a system or apparatus in a der in an internal combustion engine which con- manner that enables another portion to carry trols the discharge of spent gas. { ig zo˙ st valv } out a specialized function; a generalization of exit [ENG] A door, passage, or place of egress. the electricity and electronics definitions. { egиzət} [ELEC] The application of voltage to field coils ex lighterage [IND ENG] Price quoted exclusive to produce a magnetic field, as required for the of lighterage fees. { ¦eks lı¯dиəиrij } operation of an excited-field loudspeaker or a exotherm [CHEM ENG] The graphical plotting of generator. [ELECTR] 1. The signal voltage that heat rise and fall versus time for an exothermic is applied to the control electrode of an electron reaction or process system. { ekиsə thərm } tube. Also known as drive. 2. Application of expanded-flow bin [ENG] A bin formed by at- signal power to a transmitting antenna. { ek taching a mass-flow hopper to the bottom of a sı¯ ta¯иshən} funnel-flow bin. { ik¦spandиəd flo¯ bin } exergy [THERMO] The portion of the total en- expander flange [ENG] A type of butt-welded ergy of a system that is available for conversion flange designed with a tapered bore so that vari- to useful work; in particular, the quantity of work ous pipe sizes can be matched. { ik spanиdər that can be performed by a fluid relative to a flan˙ j}
204
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. explosion rupture disk device
expanding brake [MECH ENG] A brake that op- with piston at top dead center. { ik spanиshən erates by moving outward against the inside rim ra¯иsho¯ } of a drum or wheel. { ik spandиiŋ bra¯k} expansion reamer [ENG] A reamer whose di- expansion [ELECTR] A process in which the ef- ameter may be adjusted between limits by an fective gain of an amplifier is varied as a function expanding screw. { ik spanиshən re¯иmər} of signal magnitude, the effective gain being expansion rollers [CIV ENG] Rollers fitted to greater for large signals than for small signals; one support of a bridge or truss to allow for the result is greater volume range in an audio thermal expansion and contraction. { ik spanи amplifier and greater contrast range in facsimile. shən ro¯ иlərz } [MECH ENG] Increase in volume of working ma- expansion shield [DES ENG] An anchoring de- terial with accompanying drop in pressure of a vice that expands as it is driven into masonry or gaseous or vapor fluid, as in an internal combus- concrete, pressing against the sides of the hole. tion engine or steam engine cylinder. { ik {ik spanиshən she¯ld } spanиshən} expansion valve [MECH ENG] A valve in which expansion bolt [DES ENG] A bolt having an end fluid flows under falling pressure and increasing which, when embedded into masonry or con- и ə crete, expands under a pull on the bolt, thereby volume. { ik span sh n valv } providing anchorage. { ik spanиshən bolt } expansive bit [DES ENG] A bit in which the cut- ¯ и expansion chucking reamer [DES ENG] A ma- ting blade can be set at various sizes. { ek span chine reamer with an expansion screw at the end siv bit } which increases the diameter. { ik spanиshən expansivity See coefficient of cubical expansion. chəkиiŋ re¯иmər} { ek span sivиədиe¯ } expansion coefficient See coefficient of cubical expected utility See expected value. expansion. { ik spanиshənko¯ иə fishиənt } expected value [SYS ENG] In decision theory, a expansion cooling [MECH ENG] Cooling of a measure of the value or utility expected to result substance by having it undergo adiabatic expan- from a given strategy, equal to the sum over sion. { ik spanиshən ku¨ lиiŋ } states of nature of the product of the probability expansion engine [MECH ENG] Piston-cylinder of the state times the consequence or outcome device that cools compressed air via sudden of the strategy in terms of some value or utility expansion; used in production of pure gaseous parameter. Abbreviated EV. Also known as oxygen via the Claude cycle. { ik spanиshən expected utility (EU). { ek spekиtəd valиyu¨ } enиjən} expert control system [CONT SYS] A control expansion fit [DES ENG] A condition of opti- system that uses expert systems to solve control mum clearance between certain mating parts in problems. { ¦ek spərt kən tro¯ l sisиtəm} which the cold inner member is placed inside expletive [ENG] Any material used as fill, for the warmer outer member and the temperature example, a piece of masonry used to fill a cavity. is allowed to equalize. { ik spanиshən fit } { ekиsplədиiv} expansion joint [CIV ENG] 1. In masonry, a flexi- explicit programming [CONT SYS] Robotic pro- ble bituminous fiber strip used to separate gramming that employs detailed and exact de- blocks or units of concrete to prevent cracking scriptions of the tasks to be performed. caused by thermally induced expansion and con- {ik splisиət pro¯ gramиiŋ } traction. 2. A union or gap between adjacent exploding bridge wire [ENG] An initiator or sys- parts of a building, structure, or concrete work tem in which a very high energy electrical im- that permits the relative movement caused by pulse is passed through a bridge wire, literally temperature changes to occur without rupture exploding the bridge wire and releasing thermal or damage. [MECH ENG] 1. A joint between and shock energy capable of initiating a relatively parts of a structure or machine to avoid distor- insensitive explosive in contact with the bridge tion when subjected to temperature change. wire. { ik¦splo¯ dиiŋ brij wı¯r} 2. A pipe coupling which, under temperature explosion door [MECH ENG] A door in a furnace change, allows movement of a piping system which is designed to open at a predetermined without hazard to associated equipment. { ik pressure. { ik sploиzhən do˙ r} spanиshən jo˙ int } ¯ explosion method [THERMO] Method of mea- expansion loop [ENG] A complete loop in- stalled in a pipeline to mitigate the effect of suring the specific heat of a gas at constant vol- expansion or contraction of the line. { ik spanи ume by enclosing the gas with an explosive mix- shən lu¨ p} ture, whose heat of reaction is known, in a cham- expansion opening [ENG] A chamber in line ber closed with a corrugated steel membrane with a pipe or tunnel and of larger diameter than which acts as a manometer, and by deducing the the conduit containing liquid or gas, to allow maximum temperature reached on ignition of lowering of pressure within the conduit by the mixture from the pressure change. { ik expansion of the fluid. { ik spanиshən o¯ pиəи splo¯ иzhən methиəd} niŋ } explosion rupture disk device [MECH ENG] A expansion ratio [MECH ENG] In a reciprocating protective device used where the pressure rise piston engine, the ratio of cylinder volume with in the vessel occurs at a rapid rate. { ik¦splo¯ и piston at bottom dead center to cylinder volume zhən rəpиchər disk di vı¯s}
205
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. explosive-actuated device
explosive-actuated device [ENG] Any of vari- can be slid into place by a long extension rod; ous devices actuated by means of explosive; in- used at the top of doors. { ik stenиchən bo¯ lt } cludes devices actuated either by high explosives extension jamb [BUILD] A jamb that extends or low explosives, whereas propellant-actuated past the head of a door or window. { ik stenи devices include only the latter. { ik splo¯ иsive chən jam } akиchə wa¯dиəddi vı¯s} extension ladder [DES ENG] A ladder of two or explosive disintegration [ENG] Explosive shat- more nesting sections which can be extended tering when pressure is suddenly released on a to almost the combined length of the sections. pressured, permeable material (wood, mineral, { ik stenиchən ladиər} and such) containing gas or liquid; the rupture extension spring [DES ENG] A tightly coiled of wood by this process is used to manufacture spring designed to resist a tensile force. { ik Masonite. { ik splo¯ иsivdi sinиtə gra¯иshən} stenиchən spriŋ } explosive echo ranging [ENG] Sonar in which extensometer [ENG] 1. A strainometer that a charge is exploded underwater to produce a measures the change in distance between two shock wave that serves the same purpose as an reference points separated 60–90 feet (20–30 ultrasonic pulse; the elapsed time for return of meters) or more; used in studies of displace- the reflected wave gives target range. { ik splo¯ и ments due to seismic activities. 2. An instru- siv ekиo¯ ra¯njиiŋ } ment designed to measure minute deformations explosive limits [CHEM ENG] The upper and of small objects subjected to stress. { ek sten lower limits of percentage composition of a com- sa¨mиədиər} bustible gas mixed with other gases or air within exterior ballistics [MECH] The science con- which the mixture explodes when ignited. { ik cerned with behavior of a projectile after leaving splo¯ иsiv limиəts } the muzzle of the firing weapon. { ek stirиe¯иər explosive rivet [ENG] A rivet holding a charge bə lisиtiks } of explosive material; when the charge is set external brake [MECH ENG] A brake that oper- off, the rivet expands to fit tightly in the hole. ates by contacting the outside of a brake drum. {ik splo¯ иsiv rivиət} {ek stərnиəl bra¯k} exponential horn [ENG ACOUS] A horn whose external centerless grinding [MECH ENG] A cross-sectional area increases exponentially with process by which a metal workpiece is finished axial distance. { ekиspə nenиchəl ho˙ rn } on its external surface by supporting the piece on exponential smoothing [IND ENG] A mathemat- a blade while it is advanced between a regulating ical-statistical method of forecasting used in in- wheel and grinding wheel. { ek stərnиəl senи dustrial engineering which assumes that de- tərиləs grı¯ndиiŋ } mand for the following period is some weighted external combustion engine [MECH ENG] An average of the demands for the past periods. engine in which the generation of heat is effected { ekиspə nenиchəl smu¨ thиiŋ } in a furnace or reactor outside the engine cylin- exposure [BUILD] The distance from the butt of der. { ek stərnиəlkəm bəsиchən enиjən} one shingle to the butt of the shingle above it, external device [ENG] A piece of equipment or the amount of a shingle that is seen. { ik that operates in conjunction with and under the spo¯ иzhər} control of a central system, such as a computer exposure time [CIV ENG] The time period of in- or control system, but is not part of the system terest for seismic hazard calculations such as itself. { ek stərnиəldi vı¯s} the design lifetime of a building or the time external force [MECH] A force exerted on a sys- over which the numbers of casualties should be tem or on some of its components by an agency estimated. { ik spo¯ иzhər tı¯m } outside the system. { ek¦stərnиəl fo˙ rs } expression [CHEM ENG] Separation of liquid external grinding [MECH ENG] Grinding the from a two-phase solid-liquid system by com- outer surface of a rotating piece of work. pression under conditions that permit liquid to {ek¦stərnиəl grı¯ndиiŋ } escape while the solid is retained between the external header [MECH ENG] Manifold con- compressing surfaces. Also known as mechani- necting sections of a cast iron boiler. { ek¦stərnи cal expression. { ik spreshиən} əl hedиər} expressway [CIV ENG] A limited-access, high- externally fired boiler [MECH ENG] A boiler that speed, divided highway having grade separations has refractory or cooling tubes surrounding its at points of intersection with other roads. Also furnace. { ek¦stərnиəlиe¯ ¦fı¯rd bo˙ ilиər} known as limited-access highway. { ik spres external-mix oil burner [ENG] A burner utilizing wa¯ } a jet stream of air to strike the liquid fuel after extended area [DES ENG] An engineering sur- it has left the burner orifice. { ek¦stərnиəl miks face that has been extended areawise without o˙ il bərnиər} increasing diameter, as by using pleats (as in external sensor [CONT SYS] A device that filter cartridges) or fins (as in heat exchangers). senses information about the environment of a {ik stendиəd erиe¯иə } control system but is not part of the system itself. extensibility [MECH] The amount to which a {ek stərnиəl senиsər} material can be stretched or distorted without external shoe brake [MECH ENG] A friction breaking. { ik stenиsə bilиədиe¯ } brake operated by the application of externally extension bolt [DES ENG] A vertical bolt that contracting elements. { ek¦stərnиəl shu¨ bra¯k}
206
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. eye screw
external thread [DES ENG] A screw thread cut of a material. { ek¦strinzиik fo¯ иdo¯ иka¨nиdək tivи on an outside surface. { ek¦stərnиəl thred } ədиe¯ } external time [IND ENG] The time used to per- extrinsic photoemission [ELECTR] Photoemis- form work by the operator outside the machine sion by an alkali halide crystal in which electrons cycle, resulting in a loss of potential machine are ejected directly from negative ion vacancies, operating time. { ek¦stərnиəl tı¯m} forming color centers. Also known as direct external work [THERMO] The work done by a ionization. { ek¦strinиsik fo¯ dиo¯ иi mishиən} system in expanding against forces exerted from extrinsic properties [ELECTR] The properties of outside. { ek¦stərnиəl wərk } a semiconductor as modified by impurities or external working environment [IND ENG] The imperfections within the crystal. { ek¦strinzиik workplace environment that is external to the pra¨pиərdиe¯z} human body; ranges from air quality to specific extrinsic semiconductor [ELECTR] A semicon- features such as clothing or tool handles. { ek ductor whose electrical properties are depen- ¦stirnиəl ¦wərkиiŋ in vı¯иrənиmənt } dent on impurities added to the semiconductor extraction column [CHEM ENG] Vertical-proc- crystal, in contrast to an intrinsic semiconductor, ess vessel in which a desired product is sepa- whose properties are characteristic of an ideal rated from a liquid by countercurrent contact pure crystal. { ek¦strinzиik semиiиkən dəkиtər} with a solvent in which the desired product is extrudate [ENG] Ductile metal, plastic, or other preferentially soluble. { ik strakиshən ka¨lиəm } semisoft solid material that has been shaped extraction turbine [MECH ENG] A steam turbine into a continuous form (such as fiber, film, pipe, equipped with openings through which partly or wire coating) by forcing the semisolid material expanded steam is bled at one or more stages. through a die opening of appropriate shape. {ik strakиshən tər bı¯n} { ekиstrə da¯t} extractive distillation [CHEM ENG] A distilla- extruder [ENG] A device that forces ductile or tion process to separate components from eu- semisoft solids through die openings of appro- tectic mixtures; a solution of the mixture is priate shape to produce a continuous film, strip, cooled, causing one component to crystallize out or tubing { ed stru¨ dиər} and the other to remain in solution; used to extrusion [ENG] A process in which a hot or separate p-xylene and m-xylene, using n-pentane cold semisoft solid material, such as metal or as the solvent. { ik strakиtiv disиtə la¯иshən} plastic, is forced through the orifice of a die extractor [CHEM ENG] An apparatus for sol- to produce a continuously formed piece in the vent-contact with liquids or solids for removal shape of the desired product. { ek stru¨ иzhən} of specified components. [ENG] 1. A machine extrusion coating [ENG] A process of placing for extracting a substance by a solvent or by resin on a substrate by extruding a thin film of centrifugal force, squeezing, or other action. molten resin and pressing it onto or into the 2. An instrument for removing an object. { ik substrates, or both, without the use of adhesives. strakиtər} {ek stru¨ иzhən ko¯ dиiŋ } extra-high voltage [ELEC] A voltage above 345 exudation See sweating. { ekиsyə da¯иshən} kilovolts used for power transmission. Abbrevi- eyebar [DES ENG] A metal bar having a hole or ated ehv. { ¦ekиstrə ¦hı¯ vo¯ lиtij } eye through each enlarged end. { ¯ı ba¨r} extrinsic detector [ENG] A semiconductor de- eyebolt [DES ENG] A bolt with a loop at one tector of electromagnetic radiation that is doped end. { ¯ı bo¯ lt } with an electrical impurity and utilizes transi- eyelet [DES ENG] A small ring or barrel-shaped tions of charge carriers from impurity states in piece of metal inserted into a hole for reinforce- the band gap to nearby energy bands. { ek ment. { ¯ıиlət} ¦strinzиik di tekиtər} eyeleting [ENG] Forming a lip around the rim extrinsic photoconductivity [ELECTR] Photo- of a hole. { ¯ıиlədиiŋ } conductivity that occurs for photon energies eye scanning [IND ENG] Scanning of the visual smaller than the band gap and corresponds to field by moving the eyeballs without rotation of optical excitation from an occupied imperfection the head. { ¯ı skanиiŋ } level to the conduction band, or to an unoccu- eye screw [DES ENG] A screw with an open loop pied imperfection level from the valence band, head. { ¯ı skru¨ }
207
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. This page intentionally left blank.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. F
F See farad. the face to provide an air space between the fabrication [ENG] 1. The manufacture of parts, diver’s eyes and the water. { fa¯s pla¯t} usually structural or electromechanical parts. face shield [ENG] A detachable wraparound 2. The assembly of parts into a structure. { fabи guard fitted to a worker’s helmet to protect the ri ka¯иshən} face from flying particles. { fa¯s she¯ld } face [CIV ENG] 1. The surface of the area that facework [CIV ENG] Ornamental or otherwise has been excavated in constructing a tunnel. special material on the front side or outside of 2. In building construction, the exposed surface a wall. { fa¯s wərk } of a wall, masonry unit, or sheet of material. facing [CIV ENG] A covering or casting of some 3. To install a surface layer of one material over material applied to the outer face of embank- another, such as laying brick on a wall built of ments, buildings, and other structures. [MECH concrete blocks. [DES ENG] The surface of a ENG] Machining the end of a flat rotating sur- flange on a pipe that is fitted against another face by applying a tool perpendicular to the axis flange. [ELECTR] See faceplate. { fa¯s} of rotation in a spiral planar path. { fa¯sиiŋ } face-discharge bit [MECH ENG] A liquid-cool- facing-point lock [CIV ENG] A lock used on a ant bit designed for drilling in soft formations railroad track, such as a switch track, which con- and for use on a double-tube core barrel, the tains a plunger that engages a rod on the switch inner tube of which fits snugly into a recess cut point to lock the device. { fa¯sиiŋ po˙ int la¨k} into the inside wall of the bit directly above the facing wall [CIV ENG] Concrete lining against inside reaming stones; the coolant flows through the earth face of an excavation; used instead of the bit and is ejected at the cutting face. Also timber sheeting. { fa¯sиiŋ wo˙ l} known as bottom-discharge bit; face-ejection bit. factor comparison [IND ENG] A quantitative { ¦fa¯s dis cha¨rj bit } system of job evaluation in which jobs are given faced wall [BUILD] A wall whose masonry facing relative positions on a rating scale based on a and backing are of different materials. { ¦fa¯st comparison of factors composing the job with wo˙ l} certain previously selected key jobs. { fakиtər face-ejection bit See face-discharge bit. { ¦fa¯s kəm parиəиsən} e¯ jekиshən bit } factor of safety [MECH] 1. The ratio between face gear [DES ENG] A gear having teeth cut on the breaking load on a member, appliance, or the face. { fa¯s gir } hoisting rope and the safe permissible load on face milling [MECH ENG] Milling flat surfaces it. Also known as safety factor. 2. See factor perpendicular to the rotational axis of the cutting of stress intensity. { fakиtər əv sa¯fиte¯ } tool. { fa¯s milиiŋ } factor of stress concentration [MECH] Any ir- face mold [ENG] A pattern for cutting forms out regularity producing localized stress in a struc- of sheets of wood, metal, or other material. tural member subject to load. Also known as { fa¯s mo¯ ld } fatigue-strength reduction factor. { fakиtər əv face nailing [ENG] Nailing of facing wood to a stres ka¨nsиən tra¯иshən} base, leaving the nailheads exposed. { fa¯s factor of stress intensity [MECH] The ratio of na¯lиiŋ } the maximum stress to which a structural mem- faceplate [ELECTR] The transparent or semi- ber can be subjected, to the maximum stress to transparent glass front of a cathode-ray tube, which it is likely to be subjected. Also known as through which the image is viewed or projected; factor of safety. { fakиtər əv stres in tenиsədиe¯ } the inner surface of the face is coated with fluo- factory [IND ENG] A building or group of build- rescent chemicals that emit light when hit by ings where goods are manufactured. { fakиtre¯ } an electron beam. Also known as face. [ENG] Fahrenheit scale [THERMO] A temperature 1. A disk fixed perpendicularly to the spindle of scale; the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (ЊF) a lathe and used for attachment of the workpiece. is the sum of 32 plus 9/5 the temperature in 2. A protective plate used to cover holes in ma- degrees Celsius; water at 1 atmosphere (101,325 chines or other devices. 3. In scuba or skin pascals) pressure freezes very near 32ЊF and boils diving, a glass or plastic window positioned over very near 212ЊF. { farиən hı¯t ska¯l}
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Fahrenheit’s hydrometer
Fahrenheit’s hydrometer [ENG] A type of hy- in which the cooling liquid flows down vertical drometer which carries a pan at its upper end tube exterior surfaces in a thin film, and hot in which weights are placed; the relative density process fluid flows upward through the tubes. of a liquid is measured by determining the { fo˙ lиiŋ film ku¨ lиər} weights necessary to sink the instrument to a falling-film evaporator [ENG] Liquid evapora- fixed mark, first in water and then in the liquid tor system with heated vertical tubes; liquid to being studied. { farиən hı¯ts hı¯ dra¨mиədиər} be evaporated flows down the inside tube sur- failed hole [ENG] A drill hole loaded with dyna- faces as a film, evaporating as it flows. { fo˙ lи mite which did not explode. Also known as iŋ film i vapиə ra¯dиər} missed hole. { fa¯ld ho¯ l} falling-film molecular still See falling-film still. fail-safe system [ENG] A system designed so { fo˙ lиiŋ film mə¦lekиyəиlər stil } that failure of power, control circuits, structural falling-film still [CHEM ENG] Special molecular members, or other components will not endan- distillation apparatus designed for high evapora- ger people operating the system or other people tive and separation efficiency. Also known as ¦ и ə in the vicinity. { fa¯l sa¯f sis t m} falling-film molecular still. { fo˙ lиiŋ film stil } fail soft [ENG] A failure in the performance of falling-sphere viscometer [ENG] A viscometer a system component that neither results in im- which measures the speed of a spherical body mediate or major interruption of the system op- falling with constant velocity in the fluid whose eration as a whole nor adversely affects the qual- viscosity is to be determined. Also known as ity of its products. { fa¯l so˙ ft } falling-ball viscometer. { fo˙ lиiŋ sfir vi ska¨mи failure [ENG] A permanent change in the vol- ədиər} ume of a powder or the stresses within it. fallout shelter [CIV ENG] A structure that affords [MECH] Condition caused by collapse, break, or some protection against fallout radiation and bending, so that a structure or structural element other effects of nuclear explosion; maximum pro- can no longer fulfill its purpose. { falиyər} ¯ tection is in reinforced concrete shelters below failure properties [ENG] The parameters that the ground. Also known as radiation shelter. control the degree of the failure of a powder. { fo˙ l au˙ t shelиtər} { fa¯lиyər pra¨pиərdиe¯z} false attic [BUILD] A section under a roof nor- failure rate [ENG] The probability of failure per unit of time of items in operation; sometimes mally occupied by an attic, but which has no windows and does not enclose rooms. { ¦fo˙ ls estimated as a ratio of the number of failures to и the accumulated operating time for the items. ad ik } { fa¯lиyər ra¯t} false bottom [CIV ENG] A temporary bottom in- stalled in a caisson to add to its buoyancy. faired cable [DES ENG] A trawling cable covered ¦ иə by streamlined surfaces to reduce hydrodynamic { fo˙ ls ba¨d m} drag. { ¦ferd ka¯иbəl} false header [CIV ENG] A half brick used to com- plete a visible bond; it is not a header. { ¦fo˙ ls fairlead [MECH ENG] A group of pulleys or roll- иə ers used in conjunction with a winch or similar hed r} apparatus to permit the cable to be reeled from falsework [CIV ENG] A temporary support used any direction. { fer led} until the main structure is strong enough to sup- ¯ ə Fales-Stuart windmill [MECH ENG] A windmill port itself. { fo˙ ls w rk } developed for farm use from the two-blade airfoil family mold [ENG] A multicavity injection mold propeller. Also known as Stuart windmill. where each cavity forms a component part of the и { ¦fa¯lz ¦stu¨ иərt wind mil } finished product. { fam le¯ mo¯ ld } Falk flexible coupling [MECH ENG] A spring fan [MECH ENG] 1. A device, usually consisting coupling in which a continuous steel spring is of a rotating paddle wheel or an airscrew, with threaded back and forth through axial slots in or without a casing, for producing currents in the periphery of two hubs on the shaft ends. order to circulate, exhaust, or deliver large vol- { ¦fo˙ k ¦flekиsəиbəl kəpиliŋ } umes of air or gas. 2. A vane to keep the sails fall [ENG] The minimum slope that is required of a windmill facing the direction of the wind. to facilitate proper drainage of liquid inside a { fan } pipe. [MECH ENG] The rope or chain of a fan brake [MECH ENG] A fan used to provide a hoisting tackle. { fo˙ l} load for a driving mechanism. { fan bra¯k} fall block [MECH ENG] A pulley block that rises fan cut [ENG] A cut in which holes of equal or and falls with the load on a lifting tackle. increasing length are drilled in a pattern on a { fo˙ l bla¨k} horizontal plane or in a selected stratum to break faller [MECH ENG] A machine part whose opera- out a considerable part of the plane or stratum tion depends on a falling action. { fo˙ lиər} before the rest of the round is fired. { fan kət} falling-ball viscometer See falling-sphere viscome- fan drilling [ENG] 1. Drilling boreholes in differ- ter. { fo˙ lи iŋ bo˙ lvi ska¨mиədиər} ent vertical and horizontal directions from a sin- falling body [MECH] A body whose motion is gle-drill setup. 2. A radial pattern of drill holes accelerated toward the center of the earth by the from a setup. { fan drilиiŋ } force of gravity, other forces acting on it being fan efficiency [MECH ENG] The ratio obtained negligible by comparison. { fo˙ lиiŋ ba¨dиe¯ } by dividing a fan’s useful power output by the falling-film cooler [ENG] Liquid cooling system power input (the power supplied to the fan
210
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fatigue limit
shaft); it is expressed as a percentage. { fan displacement which is of such size that the inte- i fishиənиse¯ } gral over any surface across the tube of the com- fang bolt [DES ENG] A bolt having a triangular ponent of electric displacement perpendicular nut with sharp projections at its corners; used to that surface is unity. { farиə da¯ tu¨ b} to attach metal pieces to wood. { faŋ bo¯ lt } faradic current [ELEC] An intermittent and fan rating [MECH ENG] The head, quantity, nonsymmetrical alternating current like that ob- power, and efficiency expected from a fan op- tained from the secondary winding of an induc- erating at peak efficiency. { fan ra¯dиiŋ } tion coil. Also spelled faradaic current. fan ring [DES ENG] Circular metallic collar en- {fə radиik kəиrənt } circling (but spaced away from) the tips of the far-infrared maser [ENG] A gas maser that gen- fan blade in process equipment, such as air- erates a beam having a wavelength well above cooled heat exchangers; ring design is critical to 100 micrometers, and ranging up to the present the efficiency of fan performance. { fan riŋ } lower wavelength limit of about 500 micrometers fan shaft [DES ENG] The spindle on which a fan for microwave oscillators. { ¦fa¨rinиfrə red ma¯и impeller is mounted. { fan shaft } zər} fan shooting [ENG] Seismic exploration in fascia [BUILD] A wide board fixed vertically on which seismometers are placed in a fan-shaped edge to the rafter ends or wall which carries the array to detect anomalies in refracted-wave ar- gutter around the eaves of a roof. { fa¯иshə } rival times indicative of circular rock structures и ŋ fascine [CIV ENG] A cylindrical bundle of brush- such as salt domes. { fan shu¨ d i } wood 1–3 feet (30–90 centimeters) in diameter fan static pressure [MECH ENG] The total pres- and 10–20 feet (3–6 meters) long, used as a sure rise diminished by the velocity pressure in ¦ ¦ и иə facing for seawalls on riverbanks, as a foundation the fan outlet. { fan stad ik presh r} mat, as a dam in an estuary, or to protect bridge, fan test MECH ENG Observations of the quan- [ ] dike, and pier foundations from erosion. tity, total pressure, and power of air circulated {fa se¯n} by a fan running at a known constant speed. fast coupling [MECH ENG] A flexible geared { fan test } coupling that uses two interior hubs on the fan total head [MECH ENG] The sum of the fan shafts with circumferential gear teeth sur- static head and the velocity head at the fan dis- charge corresponding to a given quantity of air- rounded by a casing having internal gear teeth to mesh and connect the two hubs. { ¦fast flow. { ¦fan ¦to¯ dиəl ¦hed } kəpиliŋ } fan total pressure [MECH ENG] The algebraic difference between the mean total pressure at fast-delay detonation [ENG] The firing of blasts by means of a blasting timer or millisecond delay the fan outlet and the mean total pressure at ¦ ¦ иə и ə the fan inlet. { ¦fan ¦to¯ dиəl ¦preshиər} caps. { fast di la¯ det n a¯ sh n} fan truss [CIV ENG] A truss with struts arranged fastener [DES ENG] 1. A device for joining two as radiating lines. { fan trəs} separate parts of an article or structure. 2. A device for holding closed a door, gate, or similar fan velocity pressure [MECH ENG] The velocity и ə pressure corresponding to the average velocity structure. { fas n r} at the fan outlet. { fan və la¨sиədиe preshиər} fastening [DES ENG] A spike, bolt, nut, or other ¯ ¦ и ŋ farad [ELEC] The unit of capacitance in the me- device to connect rails to ties. { fas ni } ter-kilogram-second system, equal to the capaci- fast-joint [ENG] Pertaining to a joint with a per- ¦ ¦ tance of a capacitor which has a potential differ- manently secured pin. { fast jo˙ int } ence of 1 volt between its plates when the charge fast pin [ENG] A pin that fastens immovably, ¦ ¦ on one of its plates is 1 coulomb, there being particularly the pin in a fast joint. { fast pin } an equal and opposite charge on the other plate. fast-spiral drill See high-helix drill. { ¦fast ¦spı¯и Symbolized F. { fa rad } rəl dril } Faraday cage See Faraday shield. { farиə da¯ ka¯j} fatigue [ELECTR] The decrease of efficiency of a Faraday cylinder [ELEC] 1. A closed, or nearly luminescent or light-sensitive material as a re- closed, hollow conductor, usually grounded, sult of excitation. [MECH] Failure of a mate- within which apparatus is placed to shield it from rial by cracking resulting from repeated or cyclic electrical fields. 2. A nearly closed, insulated, stress. { fə te¯g} hollow conductor, usually shielded by a second fatigue allowance [IND ENG] An adjustment to grounded cylinder, used to collect and detect a normal time to compensate for production time beam of charged particles. { farиə da¯ silиənи lost due to exhaustion of the worker. { fə te¯g dər} ə lau˙ иəns } Faraday screen See Faraday shield. { farиə da¯ fatigue factor [IND ENG] The element of physi- skre¯n} cal and mental exhaustion in a time-motion Faraday shield [ELEC] Electrostatic shield study; the multiplier used to add the fatigue composed of wire mesh or a series of parallel allowance to the normal time. { fə te¯g fakиtər} wires, usually connected at one end to another fatigue life [MECH] The number of applied re- conductor which is grounded. Also known as peated stress cycles a material can endure before Faraday cage; Faraday screen. { farиə da¯ failure. { fə te¯g lı¯f} she¯ld } fatigue limit [MECH] The maximum stress that Faraday tube [ELEC] A tube of force for electric a material can endure for an infinite number of
211
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fatigue ratio
stress cycles without breaking. Also known as 3. A study to determine whether a plan is capable endurance limit. { fə te¯g limиət} of being accomplished successfully. { fe¯zиə bilи fatigue ratio [MECH] The ratio of the fatigue ədиe¯ stədиe¯ } limit or fatigue strength to the static tensile feasibility test [SYS ENG] A test conducted to strength. Also known as endurance ratio. obtain data in support of a feasibility study or to {fə te¯g ra¯иsho¯ } demonstrate feasibility. { fe¯zиə bilиədиe¯ test } fatigue strength [MECH] The maximum stress a feasible method See interaction prediction material can endure for a given number of stress method. { fe¯zиəиbəl methиəd} cycles without breaking. Also known as endur- feather [MECH ENG] To change the pitch on a ance strength. { fə te¯g streŋkth } propeller in order to reduce drag and prevent fatigue-strength reduction factor See factor of windmilling in case of engine failure. { fethи stress concentration. { fə te¯g streŋkth ri dəkи ər} shən fakиtər} featheredge [CIV ENG] The thin edge of a fatigue test [ENG] Test to determine the range gravel-surfaced road. [DES ENG] A wood tool of alternating stress which a material can with- with a level edge used to straighten angles in stand without breaking. { fə te¯g test } the finish coat of plaster. { fethиər ej } faucet [ENG] A fixture through which water is feathering [MECH ENG] A pitch position in a drawn from a pipe or vessel. { fo˙ sиət} controllable-pitch propeller; it is used in the Faugeron kiln [ENG] A coal-fired tunnel kiln for event of engine failure to stop the windmilling firing feldspathic porcelain; the distinctive fea- action, and occurs when the blade angle is about ture is the separation of the tunnel into a series 90Њ to the plane of rotation. Also known as full of chambers by division walls on the cars and feathering. { fethиəиriŋ } drop arches in the roof. { fo¯ иzhə ra¨n kil } feathering propeller [MECH ENG] A variable- fault [ELEC] A defect, such as an open circuit, pitch marine or airscrew propeller capable of short circuit, or ground, in a circuit, component, increasing pitch beyond the normal high pitch or line. Also known as electrical fault; faulting. value to the feathered position. { fethиəиriŋ [ELECTR] Any physical condition that causes a prə pelиər} component of a data-processing system to fail feather joint [ENG] A joint made by cutting a in performance. { fo˙ lt } mating groove in each of the pieces to be joined fault analysis [ENG] The detection and diagno- and inserting a feather in the opening formed sis of malfunctions in technical systems, in par- when the pieces are butted together. Also ticular, by means of a scheme in which one or known as ploughed-and-tongued joint. { fethи more computers monitor the technical equip- ər jo˙ int } ment to signal any malfunction and designate feed [ELECTR] To supply a signal to the input the components responsible for it. { fo˙ lt ə nalи of a circuit, transmission line, or antenna. əиsəs} [ENG] 1. Process or act of supplying material to fault finder [ENG] Test set for locating trouble a processing unit for treatment. 2. The material conditions in communications circuits or sys- supplied to a processing unit for treatment. tems. { fo˙ lt fı¯ndиər} 3. A device that moves stock or workpieces to, faulting See fault. { fo˙ lиtiŋ } in, or from a die. [MECH ENG] Forward motion fault monitoring [SYS ENG] A procedure for sys- imparted to the cutters or drills of cutting or tematically checking for errors and malfunctions drilling machinery. { fe¯d} in the software and hardware of a computer or feedback [ELECTR] The return of a portion of control system. { fo˙ lt ma¨nиəиtriŋ } the output of a circuit or device to its input. fault tolerance [SYS ENG] The capability of a { fe¯d bak } system to perform in accordance with design feedback branch [CONT SYS] A branch in a sig- specifications even when undesired changes in nal-flow graph that belongs to a feedback loop. the internal structure or external environment { fe¯d bak branch } occur. { fo˙ lt ta¨lиəиrəns } feedback circuit [ELECTR] A circuit that returns fault tree [IND ENG] A graphical representation a portion of the output signal of an electronic of an undesired event caused by a combination circuit or control system to the input of the cir- of factors arising from equipment failure, human cuit or system. { fe¯d bak sərиkət} error, or environmental events. { fo˙ lt tre¯ } feedback compensation [CONT SYS] Improve- Faxen drag factor See drag factor. { fa¨kиsən drag ment of the response of a feedback control sys- fakиtər } tem by placing a compensator in the feedback faying surface [ENG] The surfaces of materials path, in contrast to cascade compensation. in contact with each other and joined or about Also known as parallel compensation. { fe¯d to be joined together. { fa¯иiŋ sərиfəs} bak ka¨mиpən sa¯иshən} feasibility study [SYS ENG] 1. A study of appli- feedback control loop See feedback loop. { fe¯d cability or desirability of any management or bak kən tro¯ l lu¨ p} procedural system from the standpoint of advan- feedback control signal [CONT SYS] The por- tages versus disadvantages in any given case. tion of an output signal which is retransmitted 2. A study to determine the time at which it as an input signal. { fe¯d bak kən tro¯ l sigиnəl} would be practicable or desirable to install such feedback control system [CONT SYS] A system a system when determined to be advantageous. in which the value of some output quantity is
212
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. feedwater heater
controlled by feeding back the value of the con- feed nut [MECH ENG] The threaded sleeve fit- trolled quantity and using it to manipulate an ting around the feed screw on a gear-feed drill input quantity so as to bring the value of the swivel head, which is rotated by means of paired controlled quantity closer to a desired value. gears driven from the spindle or feed shaft. Also known as closed-loop control system. { fe¯d nət} { fe¯d bak kən tro¯ l sisиtəm} feed off [ENG] To lower the bit continuously or feedback loop [CONT SYS] A closed transmis- intermittently during a drilling operation by dis- sion path or loop that includes an active trans- engaging the drum brake. { ¦fe¯d o˙ f} ducer and consists of a forward path, a feedback feed pipe [MECH ENG] The pipe which conducts path, and one or more mixing points arranged water to a boiler drum. { fe¯d pı¯p} to maintain a prescribed relationship between feed pitch [DES ENG] The distance between the the loop input signal and the loop output signal. centers of adjacent feed holes in punched paper Also known as feedback control loop. { fe¯d tape. { fe¯d pich } bak lu¨ p} feed preparation unit [CHEM ENG] A processing feedback regulator [CONT SYS] A feedback con- unit (such as distillation or desulfurization units) trol system that tends to maintain a prescribed providing feedstock for subsequent processing. relationship between certain system signals and { ¦fe¯d prepиə ra¯иshən yu¨ иnət} other predetermined quantities. { fe¯d bak regи feed pressure [MECH ENG] Total weight or yə la¯dиər } pressure, expressed in pounds or tons, applied feedback transfer function [CONT SYS] In a to the drilling stem to make the drill bit cut and feedback control loop, the transfer function of penetrate the geologic, rock, or ore formation. the feedback path. { fe¯d bak tranzиfər fəŋkи { fe¯d preshиər} shən} feed pump [MECH ENG] A pump used to supply feed-control valve [MECH ENG] A small valve, water to a steam boiler. { fe¯d pəmp } usually a needle valve, on the outlet of the hy- feed rate See cutting speed. { fe¯d ra¯t} draulic-feed cylinder on the swivel head of a dia- feed ratio [MECH ENG] The number of revolu- mond drill, used to control minutely the speed tions a drill stem and bit must turn to advance of the hydraulic piston travel and hence the rate the drill bit 1 inch when the stem is attached to at which the bit is made to penetrate the rock. and rotated by a screw- or gear-feed type of drill { fe¯dkən tro¯ l valv } swivel head with a particular pair of the set of feeder [ELEC] 1. A transmission line used be- gears engaged. Also known as feed speed. tween a transmitter and an antenna. 2. A con- { fe¯d ra¯иsho¯ } ductor, or several conductors, connecting gener- feed reel [ENG] The reel from which paper tape ating stations, substations, or feeding points in or magnetic tape is being fed. { fe¯d re¯l} an electric power distribution system. 3. A feed screw [MECH ENG] The externally group of conductors in an interior wiring system threaded drill-rod drive rod in a screw- or gear- which link a main distribution center with sec- feed swivel head on a diamond drill; also used on ondary or branch-circuit distribution centers. percussion drills, lathes, and other machinery. [MECH ENG] 1. A conveyor adapted to control { fe¯d skru¨ } the rate of delivery of bulk materials, packages, feed shaft [MECH ENG] A short shaft or counter- or objects, or a control device which separates shaft in a diamond-drill gear-feed swivel head or assembles objects. 2. A device for delivering which is rotated by the drill motor through gears materials to a processing unit. { fe¯dиər } or a fractional drive and by means of which the feeder-breaker [MECH ENG] A unit that breaks engaged pair of feed gears is driven. { fe¯d and feeds ore or crushed rock to a materials- shaft } handling system at a required rate. { ¦fe¯dиər feed speed See feed ratio. { fe¯d spe¯d} ¦bra¯kиər} feedstock [ENG] The raw material furnished to feeder canal [CIV ENG] A canal serving to con- a machine or process. { fe¯d sta¨k} duct water to a larger canal. { fe¯dиərkə nal } feed tank [ENG] A chamber that contains feed- feeder conveyor [MECH ENG] A short auxiliary stock. { fe¯d taŋk} conveyor designed to transport materials to an- feed travel [MECH ENG] The distance a drilling other conveyor. Also known as stage loader. machine moves the steel shank in traveling from { fe¯dиərkən va¯иər } top to bottom of its feeding range. { fe¯d feeder road [CIV ENG] A road that feeds traffic travиəl} to a more important road. { fe¯dиər ro¯ d} feed tray [CHEM ENG] For a tray-type distilla- feedforward control [CONT SYS] Process con- tion column, that tray on which fresh feedstock trol in which changes are detected at the process is introduced into the system. { fe¯d tra¯ } input and an anticipating correction signal is feed trough [MECH ENG] A receptacle into applied before process output is affected. which feedwater overflows from a boiler drum. { ¦fe¯d¦fo˙ rиwərd kən tro¯ l} { fe¯d tro˙ f} feeding zone [CONT SYS] The area on the planar feedwater [MECH ENG] The water supplied to a surface of a conveyor or pallet where the center boiler or still. { fe¯d wo˙ dиər} of an object to be manipulated by a robotic sys- feedwater heater [MECH ENG] An apparatus tem is placed. { fe¯dиiŋ zo¯ n} that utilizes steam extracted from an engine or
213
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. feeler gage
turbine to heat boiler feedwater. { fe¯d wo˙ dиər ferrocyanide process [CHEM ENG] A regenera- he¯dиər} tive chemical treatment for removal of mercap- feeler gage [MECH ENG] A tool with many tans from petroleum fuels; uses caustic-sodium blades of different thickness used to establish ferrocyanide reagent. { feиro¯ sı¯иə nı¯d pra¨sиəs} clearance between parts or for gapping spark ferroelectric converter [ELEC] A converter that plugs. { fe¯lиər ga¯j} transforms thermal energy into electric energy feeler pin [MECH ENG] A pin that allows a dupli- by utilizing the change in the dielectric constant cating machine to operate only when there is a of a ferroelectric material when heated beyond ¦ и и и ə supply of paper. { felиər pin } its Curie temperature. { fe ro¯ i lek trik k n ¯ ə иə Fell system [CIV ENG] A method of traction in- v rd r} tended for steep railroad slopes; a central rail is ferroelectric hysteresis [ELEC] The depen- gripped between horizontal wheels on the loco- dence of the polarization of ferroelectric materi- als not only on the applied electric field but also motive. { fel sisиtəm} on their previous history; analogous to magnetic female connector ELEC A connector having [ ] hysteresis in ferromagnetic materials. Also one or more contacts set into recessed openings; known as dielectric hysteresis; electric hystere- jacks, sockets, and wall outlets are examples. и и и и ə и ə ¦ ə и ə sis. { fe ro¯ i lek trik his t re¯ s s} { fe¯ ma¯lk nek t r} ferroelectric hysteresis loop [ELEC] Graph of female fitting [DES ENG] In a paired pipe or an polarization or electric displacement versus ap- electrical or mechanical connection, the portion plied electric field of a material displaying ferro- (fitting) that receives, contrasted to the male electric hysteresis. { ¦feиro¯ иi lekиtrik hisиtə re¯и portion (fitting) that inserts. { ¦fe¯ ma¯l fidиiŋ } səs lu¨ p} femitrons [ELECTR] Class of field-emission mi- ferrograph analyzer [ENG] An instrument used crowave devices. { femиə tra¨nz } for ferrography; a pump delivers a small sample femtometer [MECH] A unit of length, equal to of the fluid to a microscope slide mounted above Ϫ 10 15 meter; used particularly in measuring nu- a magnet that generates a high-gradient mag- clear distances. Abbreviated fm. Also known netic field, causing particles to be deposited in as fermi. { femиto¯ me¯dиər} a gradient of sizes along the slide. { ferиə graf fence [ENG] 1. A line of data-acquisition or anиə lı¯zиər} tracking stations used to monitor orbiting satel- ferrography [ENG] Wear analysis of machine lites. 2. A line of radar or radio stations for bearing surfaces by collection of ferrous (or non- detection of satellites or other objects in orbit. ferrous) wear particles from lubricating oil in a 3. A line or network of early-warning radar sta- ferrograph analyzer; the method can be applied tions. 4. A concentric steel fence erected to human joints by collecting fragments of carti- around a ground radar transmitting antenna to lage, bone, or prosthetic materials from synovial serve as an artificial horizon and suppress fluid. { fe ra¨gи rəиfe¯ } ground clutter that would otherwise drown out ferromagnetics [ELECTR] The science that weak signals returning at a low angle from a deals with the storage of binary information and target. 5. An adjustable guide on a tool. the logical control of pulse sequences through { fens } the utilization of the magnetic polarization prop- ¦ и и ¦ и fender [CIV ENG] A timber, cluster of piles, or erties of materials. { fe ro¯ mag ned iks } bag of rope placed along dock or bridge pier ferrometer [ENG] An instrument used to make to prevent damage by docking ships or floating permeability and hysteresis tests of iron and ə иə иə objects. [ENG] A cover over the upper part of steel. { f ra¨m d r} a wheel of an automobile or other vehicle. ferrule [DES ENG] 1. A metal ring or cap { fenиder } attached to the end of a tool handle, post, or other device to strengthen and protect it. 2. A Fenske equation See Fenske-Underwood equation. bushing inserted in the end of a boiler flue to { fenиske¯ i kwa¯иzhən} spread and tighten it. See stabilizer. { ferиəl} Fenske-Underwood equation [CHEM ENG] FET See field-effect transistor. Equation in plate-to-plate distillation-column fiber gyro See fiber-optic gyroscope. { fı¯иbər jı¯и calculations relating the number of theoretical ro¯ } plates needed at total reflux to overall relative fiber-optic current sensor [ENG] An instrument volatility and the liquid-vapor composition ra- for measuring currents on high-voltage lines, in tios on upper and lower plates. Also known as ¦ и ə и ə и which the magnetic field associated with the cur- Fenske equation. { fen ske¯ n d r wu˙ dikwa¯ rent changes the phase of light traveling through ə zh n} an optical fiber, and the phase change is meas- и fermi See femtometer. { fer me¯ } ured in an interferometer. { fı¯иbər ¦a¨pиtik kəи ferrite device [ELEC] An electrical device whose rənt senиsər} principle of operation is based upon the use of fiber-optic gyroscope [ENG] An instrument for ferrites in powdered, compressed, sintered form, measuring rotation rate, in which light from a making use of their ferrimagnetism and their laser or light-emitting diode is split into two high electrical resistivity, which makes eddy-cur- beams which travel in opposite directions rent losses extremely low at high frequencies. around a coil of optical fiber and recombine to { fe rı¯tdi vı¯s} generate interference fringes whose shift is a
214
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. filament
measure of the rotation rate of the coil. Also field-effect phototransistor [ELECTR] A field-ef- known as fiber gyro; laser/fiber-optics gyroscope. fect transistor that responds to modulated light { fı¯иbər ¦a¨pиtik jı¯иrə sko¯ p} as the input signal. { fe¯ld i fekt ¦fo¯ dиo¯ иtran fiber-optic hydrophone See interferometric hy- zisиtər} drophone. { fı¯иbər ¦a¨pиtik hı¯иdrə fo¯ n} field-effect tetrode [ELECTR] Four-terminal de- fiber-optic magnetometer [ENG] A magnetom- vice consisting of two independently terminated eter in which the deformation of a magnetostric- semiconducting channels so displaced that the tive body in the field causes phase changes in conductance of each is modulated along its light traveling through an optical fiber wrapped length by the voltage conditions in the other. around the body, and these phase changes are { fe¯ld i fekt te tro¯ d} measured in an interferometer. { fı¯иbər ¦a¨pиtik field-effect transistor [ELECTR] A transistor in magиnə ta¨mиədиər} which the resistance of the current path from fiber-optic sensor See optical-fiber sensor. { fı¯и source to drain is modulated by applying a trans- bər ¦a¨pиtik senиsər} verse electric field between grid or gate elec- fiber-optic thermometer [ENG] A thermometer trodes; the electric field varies the thickness of in which light from a mercury lamp is guided the depletion layer between the gates, thereby reducing the conductance. Abbreviated FET. along an optical fiber to excite a tiny fluorescent и ə crystal, whose light is in turn guided back along { fe¯ld i fekt tran zis t r} the fiber to an evaluation unit where the crystal field-effect-transistor resistor [ELECTR] A field- temperature is determined from the ratios of the effect transistor in which the gate is generally strengths of spectral lines in the fluorescent light tied to the drain; the resultant structure is used as a resistance load for another transistor. or from the decay time of the fluorescence. { fı¯и { feld i fekt tran¦zisиtərri¦zisиtər} bər ¦a¨pиtik thər ma¨mиədиər} ¯ field-effect varistor [ELECTR] A passive, two- fiber stress [MECH] 1. The tensile or compres- terminal, nonlinear semiconductor device that sive stress on the fibers of a fiber metal or other maintains constant current over a wide voltage fibrous material, especially when fiber orienta- range. { fe¯ld i fekt və risиtər} tion is parallel with the neutral axis. 2. Local field engineer [ENG] 1. An engineer who is in stress through a small area (a point or line) on charge of directing civil, mechanical, and electri- a section where the stress is not uniform, as in и ə cal engineering activities in the production and a beam under bending load. { fı¯ b r stres } transmission of petroleum and natural gas. fibrous fracture MECH Failure of a material re- [ ] 2. An engineer who operates at a construction sulting from a ductile crack; broken surfaces are site. { fe¯ld enиjə nir } dull and silky. Also known as ductile fracture. и ə и ə field excitation [MECH ENG] Control of the { fı¯ br s frak ch r} speed of a series motor in an electric or diesel- fiducial temperature [THERMO] Any of the tem- electric locomotive by changing the relation be- peratures assigned to a number of reproducible tween the armature current and the field equilibrium states on the International Practical strength, either through a reduction in field cur- Temperature Scale; standard instruments are rent by shunting the field coils with resistance, ə и ə calibrated at these temperatures. { f du¨ sh l or through the use of field taps. { feld ekи и əи ə ¯ tem pr ch r} sı¯ ta¯иshən} field [ELEC] That part of an electric motor or field-strength meter [ENG] A calibrated radio generator which produces the magnetic flux receiver used to measure the field strength of which reacts with the armature, producing the radiated electromagnetic energy from a radio desired machine action. [ELECTR] One of the transmitter. { fe¯ld streŋkth me¯dиər} equal parts into which a frame is divided in inter- FIFO See first-in, first-out. { fı¯ fo¯ } laced scanning for television; includes one com- fifteen-degrees calorie See calorie. { ¦fifиte¯ndi plete scanning operation from top to bottom of ¦gre¯z ¦kalиəиre¯ } the picture and back again. { fe¯ld } fifth wheel [MECH ENG] A coupling device in field effect [ELECTR] The local change from the the form of two horizontal disks that rotate on normal value that an electric field produces in each other positioned between a tractor and a the charge-carrier concentration of a semicon- semitrailer so that they can change direction in- ductor. { fe¯ld i fekt } dependently. { ¦fifth ¦we¯l} field-effect capacitor [ELECTR] A capacitor in figure of merit [ELECTR] A performance rating which the effective dielectric is a region of semi- that governs the choice of a device for a particu- conductor material that has been depleted or lar application; for example, the figure of merit inverted by the field effect. { fe¯ld i fekt kə pasи of a magnetic amplifier is the ratio of usable ədиər} power gain to the control time constant. { figи field-effect device [ELECTR] A semiconductor yər əv merиət} device whose properties are determined largely filament [ELEC] Metallic wire or ribbon which by the effect of an electric field on a region within is heated in an incandescent lamp to produce the semiconductor. { fe¯ld i fekt di vı¯s} light, by passing an electric current through the field-effect diode [ELECTR] A semiconductor filament. [ELECTR] A cathode made of resist- diode in which the charge carriers are of only ance wire or ribbon, through which an electric one polarity. { fe¯ld i fekt dı¯ o¯ d} current is sent to produce the high temperature
215
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. filamentary cathode
required for emission of electrons in a thermi- located the high voltage drop when current flows onic tube. Also known as directly heated cath- in the direction of high impedance. { film } ode; filamentary cathode; filament-type cathode. film analysis [IND ENG] A systematic detailed { filиəиmənt } analysis of work from a motion picture film, usu- filamentary cathode See filament. { filиə mentи ally derived from a memomotion study. { ¦film əиre¯ } ə nalиəиsəs} filament-type cathode See filament. { filиəиmənt film boiling [THERMO] Boiling in which a con- tı¯p kath o¯ d} tinuous film of vapor forms at the hot surface of filament winding [ELECTR] The secondary the container holding the boiling liquid, reduc- winding of a power transformer that furnishes ing heat transfer across the surface. { film alternating-current heater or filament voltage for bo˙ ilиiŋ } one or more electron tubes. [ENG] A process film coefficient [THERMO] For a fluid confined for fabricating a composite structure in which in a vessel, the rate of flow of heat out of the continuous fiber reinforcement (glass, boron, sil- fluid, per unit area of vessel wall divided by the icon carbide), either previously impregnated difference between the temperature in the inte- with a matrix material or impregnated during rior of the fluid and the temperature at the sur- winding, are wound under tension over a rotating face of the wall. Also known as convection coef- core. { filиəиmənt wı¯ndиiŋ } ficient. { film ko¯ иi fishиənt } filar micrometer [DES ENG] An instrument used film condensation [THERMO] The formation of to measure small distances in the field of an a continuous film of liquid on a wall in contact eyepiece by using two parallel wires, one of with a vapor, when the wall is cooled below the which is fixed while the other is moved at right local vapor saturation temperature and the liq- angles to its length by means of an accurately uid wets the cold surface. { film ka¨nиdən sa¯и cut screw. Also known as bifilar micrometer. shən} { fı¯иlərmı¯ kra¨mиədиər} film cooling [THERMO] The cooling of a body or file [DES ENG] A steel bar or rod with cutting surface, such as the inner surface of a rocket teeth on its surface; used as a smoothing or combustion chamber, by maintaining a thin fluid forming tool. { fı¯l} layer over the affected area. { film ku¨ lиiŋ } file hardness [ENG] Hardness of a material as film platen [ENG] A device which holds film in determined by testing with a file of standardized the focal plane during exposure. { film platи hardness; a material which cannot be cut with ən} the file is considered as hard as or harder than film resistor [ELEC] A fixed resistor in which the the file. { fı¯l ha¨rdиnəs } resistance element is a thin layer of conductive fill [CIV ENG] Earth used for embankments or as material on an insulated form; the conductive backfill. { fil } material does not contain binders or insulating filled-system thermometer [ENG] A thermome- material. { film ri zisиtər} ter which has a bourdon tube connected by a film transport [MECH ENG] 1. The mechanism capillary tube to a hollow bulb; the deformation for moving photographic film through the region of the bourdon tube depends on the pressure of where light strikes it in recording film tracks or a gas (usually nitrogen or helium) or on the sound tracks of motion pictures. 2. The mecha- volume of a liquid filling the system. Also nism which moves the film print past the area known as filled thermometer. { ¦fild ¦sisиtəm where light passes through it in reproduction of thər ma¨mиədиər } picture and sound. { film ¦tranz po˙ rt } filled thermometer See filled-system thermometer. film vault [ENG] A place for safekeeping of film. { ¦fild thər ma¨mиədиər} { film vo˙ lt } fillet [BUILD] A flat molding that separates filter See compensator. [ELECTR] Any transmis- rounded or angular moldings. [DES ENG] A sion network used in electrical systems for the concave transition surface between two other- selective enhancement of a given class of input wise intersecting surfaces. [ENG] 1. Any nar- signals. Also known as electric filter; electric- row, flat metal or wood member. 2. A corner wave filter. [ENG] A porous article or material piece at the juncture of perpendicular surfaces for separating suspended particulate matter to lessen the danger of cracks, as in core boxes from liquids by passing the liquid through the for castings. { filиət } pores in the filter and sieving out the solids. fillet gage [DES ENG] A gage for measuring con- [ENG ACOUS] A device employed to reject vex or concave surfaces. { filиət ga¯j } sound in a particular range of frequencies while fill factor [MECH ENG] The approximate load passing sound in another range of frequencies. that the dipper of a shovel is carrying, expressed Also known as acoustic filter. { filиtər} as a percentage of the rated capacity. { fil filterability [ENG] The adaptability of a liquid- fakиtər } solid system to filtration; system is not filterable filling [ENG] The loading of trucks with any if it is too viscous to be forced through a filter material. { filиiŋ } medium, or if the solids are too small to be fill-up work See internal work. { fil əp wərk } stopped by the filter medium. { filиtrə bilиədи film [ELEC] The layer adjacent to the valve e¯ } metal in an electrochemical valve, in which is filter bed [CIV ENG] A fill of pervious soil that
216
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. finite element method
provides a site for a septic field. [ENG] A con- find [IND ENG] The therblig representing the tact bed used for filtering purposes. { filиtər mental reaction which occurs on recognizing an bed } object at the end of the elemental motion search; filter cake See mud cake. { filиtər ka¯k} now seldom used. { fı¯nd } filter-cake washing [CHEM ENG] An operation finding circuit See lockout circuit. { fı¯ndиiŋ sərи performed at the end of a filtration, in which kət} residual liquid impurities are washed out of the fineblanking [ENG] A manufacturing process in cake by the flow of another liquid through the which a part is fabricated to a shape very close cake. { filиtər ka¯k washиiŋ } to its final dimensions by use of high-precision filter capacitor [ELEC] A capacitor used in a tools that yield a final workpiece with smoothly power-supply filter system to provide a low- sheared edges. { fı¯n blaŋkиiŋ } reactance path for alternating currents and fin efficiency [ENG] In extended-surface heat- thereby suppress ripple currents, without affect- exchange equations, the ratio of the mean tem- ing direct currents. { filиtərkə pasиədиər} perature difference from surface-to-fluid divided filtered-particle testing [ENG] A penetrant by the temperature difference from fin-to-fluid method of nondestructive testing by which at the base or root of the fin. { fin ə fishиənиse¯ } cracks in porous objects (100 mesh or smaller) fine grinding [MECH ENG] Grinding performed are indicated: a fluid containing suspended par- in a mill rotating on a horizontal axis in which ticles is sprayed on a test object; if a crack exists, the material undergoes final size reduction, to particles are filtered out and concentrate at the Ϫ100 mesh. { ¦fı¯n grı¯ndиiŋ } surface as liquid flows into the crack. { ¦filиtərd fineness modulus [ENG] A number denoting ¦pa¨rdиəиkəl testиiŋ } the fineness of a fine aggregate or other fine filtering [ENG] The process of interpreting re- material such as sand or paint. { fı¯nиnəs ma¨jи ported information on movements of aircraft, əиləs} ships, and submarines in order to determine finger bit [DES ENG] A steel rock-cutting bit their probable true tracks and, where applicable, having fingerlike, fixed or replaceable steel-cut- heights or depths. { filиtəиriŋ } ting points. { fiŋиgər bit } filter leaf [CHEM ENG] The frame or structure in finger gripper [CONT SYS] A robot component a filter press that holds the filter cloth or other that uses two or more joints for grasping objects. filter medium; a number of leaves in series usu- { fiŋиgər gripиər} ally comprises a filter press. { filиtər le¯f} fining [CHEM ENG] A process in which molten filter photometer [ENG] A colorimeter in which glass is cleared of bubbles, usually by the addi- the length of light is selected by the use of appro- tion of chemical agents. { fı¯nиiŋ } priate glass filters. { filиtərfə ta¨mиədиər} finished goods [IND ENG] Manufactured prod- filter press [ENG] A metal frame on which iron ucts in inventory ready for packaging, shipment, plates are suspended and pressed together by a or sale. { ¦finиisht gu˙ dz } screw device; liquid to be filtered is pumped into finisher [CIV ENG] A construction machine used canvas bags between the plates, and the screw to smooth the freshly placed surface of a road- is tightened so that pressure is furnished for way, or to prepare the foundation for a pavement. filtration. { filиtər pres } { finиishиər} filter pump [MECH ENG] An aspirator or vacuum finish grinding [MECH ENG] The last action of pump which creates a negative pressure on the a grinding operation to achieve a good finish filtrate side of the filter to hasten the process of and accurate dimensions. { finиish grı¯ndиiŋ } filtering. { filиtər pəmp } finishing hardware [BUILD] Items, such as filter screen [ENG] A fine-pored medium hinges, door pulls, and strike plates, made in through which a liquid will pass and on which attractive shapes and finishes, and usually visi- solids deposit; the medium may be a metal sieve ble on the completed structure. { finиishиiŋ screen or a woven fabric of metal or of natural ha¨rd wer } or synthetic fibers. { filиtər skre¯n} finishing nail [DES ENG] A wire nail with a small filter thickener [ENG] Device that thickens a liq- head that can easily be concealed. { finиishи uid-solid mixture by removing a portion of the iŋ na¯l} liquid by filtration, rather than by settling. { ¦filи finish plate [DES ENG] A plate which covers and tər thikиəиnər } protects the cylinder setscrews; it is fastened to filter-type respirator [ENG] A protective device the underplate and forms part of the armored which removes dispersoids from the air by physi- front for a mortise lock. { finиish pla¯t} cally trapping the particles on the fibrous mate- finish turning [MECH ENG] The operation of rial of the filter. { filиtər tı¯p resиpə ra¯dиər } machining a surface to accurate size and produc- fin [DES ENG] A projecting flat plate or struc- ing a smooth finish. { finиish tərnиiŋ } ture, as a cooling fin. [ENG] Material which finite elasticity theory See finite strain theory. remains in the holes of a molded part and which { ¦fı¯ nı¯ti las tisиədиe¯ the¯иəиre¯ } must be removed. { fin } finite element method [ENG] An approximation final boiling point See end point. { ¦fı¯nиəl bo˙ ilи method for studying continuous physical sys- iŋ po˙ int } tems, used in structural mechanics, electrical final filter See afterfilter. { ¦fı¯nиəl filиtər} field theory, and fluid mechanics; the system financial life See venture life. { fə nanиchəl lı¯f } is broken into discrete elements interconnected
217
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. finite strain theory
at discrete node points. { ¦fı¯ nı¯t elиəиmənt fired process equipment [ENG] Heaters, fur- methиəd} naces, reactors, incinerators, vaporizers, steam finite strain theory [MECH] A theory of elastic- generators, boilers, and other process equip- ity, appropriate for high compressions, in which ment for which the heat input is derived from it is not assumed that strains are infinitesimally fuel combustion (flames); can be direct-fired small. Also known as finite elasticity theory. (flame in contact with the process stream) or { fı¯ nı¯t stra¯n the¯иəиre¯ } indirect-fired (flame separated from the process Fink truss [CIV ENG] A symmetrical steel roof fluid by a metallic wall). { ¦fı¯rd pra¨sиəs truss suitable for spans up to 50 feet (15 meters). i kwipиmənt } { fiŋk trəs} fire escape [BUILD] An outside stairway usually finned surface [MECH ENG] A tubular heat- made of steel and used to escape from a building exchange surface with extended projections on in case of fire. { fı¯r ə ska¯p} one side. { ¦find sərиfəs} fire-exit bolt See panic exit device. { fı¯r egиzət fire [ENG] To blast with gunpowder or other ex- bo¯ lt } plosives. { fı¯r} fire extinguisher [ENG] Any of various portable firebox [MECH ENG] The furnace of a locomo- devices used to extinguish a fire by the ejection of a fire-inhibiting substance, such as water, car- tive or similar type of fire-tube boiler. { fı¯r ba¨ks } bon dioxide, gas, or chemical foam. { fı¯rik stiŋиgwishиər} fire bridge [ENG] A low wall separating the hearth and the grate in a reverberatory furnace. firefinder [ENG] An instrument consisting of a { fı¯r brij } map and a sighting device; used in fire towers to locate forest fires. { fı¯r fı¯nиdər} fire crack [ENG] A crack resulting from thermal stress which propagates on the heated side of a fire hook [ENG] 1. A pole with a hooked metal head that is used in fire fighting to tear down shell or header in a boiler or a heat transfer walls or ceilings. Also known as pike pole. surface. { fı¯r krak } 2. A hook used to rake a furnace fire. { fı¯r hu˙ k} firecracker [ENG] A cylindrically shaped item fire hose [ENG] A collapsible, flameproof hose containing an explosive and a fuse; used to simu- that can be attached to a hydrant, standpipe, or late the noise of an explosive charge. similar outlet to supply water to extinguish a { fı¯r krakиər} fire. { fı¯r ho¯ z} fire cut [BUILD] An angular cut made at the end fire hydrant [CIV ENG] An outlet from a water of a joist which will rest on a brick wall. { fı¯r ə main provided inside buildings or outdoors to k t} which fire hoses can be connected. Also known firedamp reforming process [CHEM ENG] A as fire plug; hydrant. { fı¯r hı¯иdrənt } process in which methane (firedamp) is mixed fire line [ENG] A pipework system dedicated to with steam and passed over a nickel catalyst for providing water for extinguishing fires. { fı¯r conversion to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon lı¯n} monoxide; this mixture is blended with pure fire load [CIV ENG] The load of combustible ma- methane, and the result is a fuel of high calorific terial per square foot of floor space. { fır lod} и ŋ иə ¯ ¯ value. { fı¯r damp ri fo˙ r mi pra¨s s} fire partition [BUILD] A wall inside a building fire-danger meter [ENG] A graphical aid used intended to retard fire. { fı¯rpər tishиən} in fire-weather forecasting to calculate the de- fire plug See fire hydrant. { fı¯r pləg} gree of forest-fire danger (or burning index): fireproof [BUILD] Having noncombustible commonly in the form of a circular slide rule, it walls, stairways, and stress-bearing members, relates numerical indices of the seasonal stage and having all steel and iron structural members of foliage, the cumulative effect of past precipita- which could be damaged by heat protected by tion or lack thereof (buildup index), the meas- refractory materials. { fı¯r pru¨ f} ured fuel moisture, and the speed of the wind fire protection [CIV ENG] Measures for reducing in the woods; the fuel moisture is determined injury and property loss by fire. { fı¯rprə tekи by weighing a special type of wooden stick that shən} has been exposed in the woods, its weight being fire pump [MECH ENG] A pump for fire protec- proportional to its contained water; the calcu- tion purposes usually driven by an independent, lated burning index falls on a scale of 1 to 100: reliable prime mover and approved by the Na- 1 to 11 is no fire danger; 12 to 35 medium danger; tional Board of Fire Underwriters. { fı¯r pəmp } 40 to 100 high danger. { fı¯r da¯nиjər me¯dиər} fire-resistant [CIV ENG] Of a structural element, fire detector [ENG] A temperature-sensing de- able to resist combustion for a specified time vice designed to sound an alarm, to turn on a under conditions of standard heat intensity with- sprinkler system, or to activate some other fire out burning or failing structurally. { fı¯rri zisи preventive measure at the first signs of fire. tənt } { fı¯rdi tekиtər} fireroom [MECH ENG] That portion of a fossil fire door [ENG] 1. The door or opening through fuel-burning plant which contains the furnace which fuel is supplied to a furnace or stove. and associated equipment. { fı¯r ru¨ m} 2. A door that can be closed to prevent the fire sprinkling system See sprinkler system. { ¦fı¯r spreading of fire, as through a building or mine. spriŋkиliŋ sisиtəm} { fı¯r do˙ r} fire standpipe [CIV ENG] A high, vertical pipe
218
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fish lead
or tank that holds water to assure a positive, arrivals are considered in this usage. { ¦fərst relatively uniform pressure, particularly to pro- ə rı¯иvəl} vide fire protection to upper floors of tall build- first cost [IND ENG] The sum of the initial ex- ings. { ¦fı¯r stan pı¯p} penditures involved in capitalizing a property; fire stop [BUILD] An incombustible, horizontal includes items such as transportation, installa- or vertical barrier, as of brick across a hollow tion, preparation for service, as well as other wall or across an open room, to stop the spread related costs. { ¦fərst ko˙ st } of fire. Also known as draught stop. { fı¯r first fire [ENG] The igniter used with pyrotech- sta¨p } nic devices, consisting of first fire composition, fire tower [BUILD] A fireproof and smokeproof loaded in direct contact with the main pyrotech- stairway compartment running the height of a nic charge; the ignition of the igniter or first building. { fı¯r tau˙ иər} fire is generally accomplished by fuse action. fire-tube boiler [MECH ENG] A steam boiler in { ¦fərst fı¯r} which hot gaseous products of combustion pass first-in, first-out [IND ENG] An inventory cost through tubes surrounded by boiler water. { fı¯r evaluation method which transfers costs of tu¨ b bo˙ ilиər} material to the product in chronological order. fire wall [CIV ENG] 1. A fire-resisting wall sepa- Abbreviated FIFO. { ¦fərst in ¦fərst au˙ t} rating two parts of a building from the lowest first law of motion See Newton’s first law. { fərst floor to several feet above the roof to prevent lo˙ əv mo¯ иshən} the spread of fire. 2. A fire-resisting wall sur- first law of thermodynamics [THERMO] The law rounding an oil storage tank to retain oil that that heat is a form of energy, and the total may escape and to confine fire. { fı¯r wo˙ l} amount of energy of all kinds in an isolated sys- firing [ELECTR] 1. The gas ionization that initi- tem is constant; it is an application of the princi- ates current flow in a gas-discharge tube. ple of conservation of energy. { fərst lo˙ əv 2. Excitation of a magnetron or transmit-receive thərиmo¯ иdı¯ namиiks } tube by a pulse. 3. The transition from the un- first-level controller [CONT SYS] A controller saturated to the saturated state of a saturable that is associated with one of the subsystems reactor. [ENG] 1. The act or process of adding into which a large-scale control system is parti- fuel and air to a furnace. 2. Igniting an explo- tioned by plant decomposition, and acts to sat- sive mixture. 3. Treating a ceramic product with isfy local objectives and constraints. Also heat. { fı¯rиiŋ } known as local controller. { ¦fərst ¦levиəlkən firing machine [ENG] An electric blasting ma- tro¯ lиər} chine. [MECH ENG] A mechanical stoker used first-order leveling [ENG] Spirit leveling of high to feed coal to a boiler furnace. { fı¯rиiŋ precision and accuracy in which lines are run mə she¯n } first forward to the objective point and then back- firing mechanism [ENG] A mechanism for firing ward to the starting point. { ¦fərst o˙ rdиər levи a primer; the primer may be for initiating the əиliŋ } propelling charge, in which case the firing mech- first-order transition [THERMO] A change in anism forms a part of the weapon; if the primer state of aggregation of a system accompanied is for the purpose of initiating detonation of the by a discontinuous change in enthalpy, entropy, main charge, the firing mechanism is a part of and volume at a single temperature and pres- the ammunition item and performs the function sure. { ¦fərst o˙ rdиər trans zishиən} of a fuse. { fı¯rиiŋ mekиə nizиəm} Fischer-Tropsch process [CHEM ENG] A cata- firing pressure [MECH ENG] The highest pres- lytic process to synthesize hydrocarbons and sure in an engine cylinder during combustion. their oxygen derivatives by the controlled reac- { fı¯rиiŋ preshиər} tion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. { ¦fishи firing rate [MECH ENG] The rate at which fuel ər ¦tro¯ psh pra¨sиəs} feed to a burner occurs, in terms of volume, heat fished joint [CIV ENG] A structural joint made units, or weight per unit time. { fı¯rиiŋ ra¯t } with fish plates. { fisht jo˙ int } firmer chisel [DES ENG] A small hand chisel fishing [ENG] In drilling, the operation by which with a flat blade; used in woodworking. { fərи lost or damaged tools are secured and brought mər chizиəl} to the surface from the bottom of a well or drill firm-joint caliper [DES ENG] An outside or in- hole. { fishиiŋ } side caliper whose legs are jointed together at fishing space [CIV ENG] The space between the top with a nut and which must be opened base and head of a rail in which a joint bar is and closed by hand pressure. { fərm jo˙ int kalи placed. { fishиiŋ spa¯s} əиpər} fishing tool [ENG] A device for retrieving ob- firmoviscosity [MECH] Property of a substance jects from inaccessible locations. { fishиiŋ in which the stress is equal to the sum of a term tu¨ l} proportional to the substance’s deformation, fish ladder [CIV ENG] Contrivance that carries and a term proportional to its rate of deforma- water around a dam through a series of stepped tion. { ¦fərиmo¯ иvis¦ka¨sиədиe¯ } baffles or boxes and thus facilitates the migra- first arrival [ENG] In exploration refraction seis- tion of fish. Also known as fishway. { fish mology, the first seismic event recorded on a ladиər} seismogram; it is noteworthy in that only first fish lead [ENG] A type of sounding lead used
219
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fish plate
without removal from the water between sound- setup time charge) is a nonlinear function and ings. { fish led } is incurred only when the variable appears in fish plate [CIV ENG] One of a pair of steel plates the solution with a positive level. { ¦fikst cha¨rj bolted to the sides of a rail or beam joint, to pra¨bиləm} secure the joint. { fish pla¯t} fixed cost [IND ENG] A cost that remains un- fish screen [CIV ENG] 1. A screen set across a changed during short-term changes in produc- water intake canal or pipe to prevent fish from tion level. Also known as overhead; overhead entering. 2. Any similar barrier to prevent fish cost. { ¦fikst ko˙ st } from entering or leaving a pond. { fish skre¯n} fixed-electrode method [ENG] A geophysical fishtail bit [DES ENG] A drilling bit shaped like surveying method used in a self-potential system the tail of a fish. { fish ta¯l bit } of prospecting in which one electrode remains fishtail burner [ENG] A burner in which two jets stationary while the other is grounded at pro- of gas impinge on each other to form a flame gressively greater distances from it. { ¦fikst shaped like a fish’s tail. { fish ta¯l bərnиər} i lek tro¯ d methиəd} fishway See fish ladder. { fish wa¯ } fixed end [MECH] An end of a structure, such fit [DES ENG] The dimensional relationship be- as a beam, that is clamped in place so that both tween mating parts, such as press, shrink, or its position and orientation are fixed. { fikst sliding fit. { fit } end } fitment [BUILD] A decorative or functional item fixed-end beam [CIV ENG] A beam that is sup- or component in a room that is fixed in place ported at both free ends and is restrained against but not actually built in. Also known as fitting. rotation and vertical movement. Also known as { fitиmənt } built-in beam; encastre´ beam. { fikst end fitter [ENG] One who maintains, repairs, and as- be¯m} sembles machines in an engineering shop. fixed-end column [CIV ENG] A column with the { fidиər } end fixed so that it cannot rotate. { fikst end fitting [BUILD] See fitment. [ENG] A small ka¨lиəm} auxiliary part of standard dimensions used in fixed end moment See fixing moment. { fikst end the assembly of an engine, piping system, ma- mo¯ иmənt } chine, or other apparatus. { fidиiŋ } fixed-feed grinding [MECH ENG] Feeding pro- five-fourths power law [THERMO] The proposi- cessed material to a grinding wheel, or vice versa, tion that the rate of heat loss from a body by in predetermined increments or at a given rate. free convection is proportional to the five- { fikst fe¯d grindиiŋ } fourths power of the difference between the tem- fixed inductor [ELEC] An inductor whose coils perature of the body and that of its surroundings. are wound in such a manner that the turns re- { ¦fı¯v ¦fo˙ rths pau˙ иər lo˙ } main fixed in position with respect to each other, fixed-active tooling [CONT SYS] Stationary and which either has no magnetic core or has a equipment in a robotic system, such as numeri- core whose air gap and position within the coil cal control equipment, sensors, cameras, con- are fixed. { ¦fikst in dəkиtər} veying systems and parts feeders, that is acti- fixed linkage system [IND ENG] Linkage formed vated and controlled by signals. { fikst ¦akиtiv between the skeletal elements of a human and tu¨ lиiŋ } a fixed machine in a human-machine system. fixed arch [CIV ENG] A stiff arch having rotation { ¦fikst liŋkиij sisиtəm} prevented at its supports. { ¦fikst a¨rch } fixed mooring berth [CIV ENG] A marine struc- fixed-bed hydroforming [CHEM ENG] A cyclic ture consisting of dolphins for securing a ship petroleum process that utilizes a fixed bed of and a platform to support cargo-handling equip- molybdenum oxide catalyst deposited on acti- ment. { ¦fikst mu˙ rиiŋ bərth } vated alumina. { fikst bed hı¯иdrə fo˙ rиmiŋ } fixed-needle traverse [ENG] In surveying, a tra- fixed-bed operation [CHEM ENG] An operation verse with a compass fitted with a sight line in which the additive material (catalyst, absor- which can be moved above a graduated horizon- bent, filter media, ion-exchange resin) remains tal circle, so that the azimuth angle can be read, stationary in the chemical reactor. { fikst bed as with a theodolite. { ¦fikst ne¯dиəltrə vərs } a¨pиə ra¯иshən} fixed-passive tooling [CONT SYS] Unpowered, fixed bias [ELECTR] A constant value of bias accessory equipment in a robotic system, such voltage, independent of signal strength. { ¦fikst as jigs, fixtures, and work-holding devices. bı¯иəs} { fikst ¦pasиiv tu¨ lиiŋ } fixed bridge [CIV ENG] A bridge having perma- fixed point [ENG] A reproducible value, as for nent horizontal or vertical alignment. { ¦fikst temperature, used to standardize measure- brij } ments; derived from intrinsic properties of pure fixed capacitor [ELEC] A capacitor having a def- substances. { ¦fikst po˙ int } inite capacitance value that cannot be adjusted. fixed resistor [ELEC] A resistor that has no pro- { ¦fikst kə pasиədиər } vision for varying its resistance value. { ¦fikst fixed-charge problem [IND ENG] A linear pro- ri zisиtər} gramming problem in which each variable has a fixed-sequence robot See fixed-stop robot. fixed-charge coefficient in addition to the usual { fikst ¦se¯иkwəns ro¯ ba¨t} cost coefficient; the fixed charge (for example, a fixed sonar [ENG] Sonar in which the receiving
220
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. flank angle
transducer is not constantly rotated, in contrast flame collector [ENG] A device used in atmo- to scanning sonar. { ¦fikst so¯ na¨r} spheric electrical measurements for the removal fixed-stop robot [CONT SYS] A robot in which of induction charge on apparatus; based upon the motion along each axis has a fixed limit, but the principle that products of combustion are the motion between these limits is not con- ionized and will consequently conduct electricity trolled and the robot cannot stop except at these from charged bodies. { fla¯mkə lekиtər} limits. Also known as fixed-squence robot; lim- flame detector [MECH ENG] A sensing device ited-sequence robot; nonservo robot. { fikst which indicates whether or not a fuel is burning, ¦sta¨p ro¯ ba¨t} or if ignition has been lost, by transmitting a fixing moment [MECH] The bending moment at signal to a control system. { fla¯mdi tekиtər} the end support of a beam necessary to fix it flame plate [ENG] One of the plates on a boiler and prevent rotation. Also known as fixed end firebox which are subjected to the maximum fur- и ŋ и ə moment. { fik si mo¯ m nt } nace temperature. { fla¯m pla¯t} и ə и fixity See continuity. { fik s d e¯ } flameproofing [CHEM ENG] The process of fixture [CIV ENG] An object permanently treating materials chemically so that they will attached to a structure, such as a light or sink. not support combustion. { fla¯m pru¨ fиiŋ } [MECH ENG] A device used to hold and position flame retardant [CHEM ENG] A substance that a piece of work without guiding the cutting tool. и ə can suppress, reduce, or delay the propagation { fiks ch r} of a flame through a polymer material; may be flag [ELECTR] A small metal tab that holds the inserted chemically into the polymer molecule getter during assembly of an electron tube. or blended in after polymerization. { fla¯mri [ENG] 1. A piece of fabric used as a symbol or ta¨rdиənt } as a signaling or marking device. 2. A large flame spraying [ENG] 1. A method of applying sheet of metal or fabric used to shield television a plastic coating onto a surface in which finely camera lenses from light when not in use. powdered fragments of the plastic, together with { flag } suitable fluxes, are projected through a cone of flag alarm [ENG] A semaphore-type flag in the flame. 2. Deposition of a conductor on a board indicator of an instrument to serve as a signal, in molten form, generally through a metal mask usually to warn that the indications are unrelia- or stencil, by means of a spray gun that feeds wire ble. { flag ə la¨rm } into a gas flame and drives the molten particles flag float [ENG] A pyrotechnic device that floats и ŋ and burns upon the water, used for marking or against the work. { fla¯m spra¯ i } signaling. { flag flo¯ t} flamethrower [ENG] A device used to project ig- nited fuel from a nozzle so as to cause casualties flagman [CIV ENG] A range-pole carrier in a sur- и ə to personnel or to destroy material such as veying party. { flag m n} иə flagpole [ENG] A single staff or pole rising from weeds or insects. { fla¯m thro¯ r} the ground and on which flags or other signals flame trap [ENG] A device that prevents a gas flame from entering the supply pipe. { fla¯m are displayed; on charts the term is used only when the pole is not attached to a building. trap } { flag po¯ l} flame treating [ENG] A method of rendering in- flagstaff [ENG] A pole or staff on which flags or ert thermoplastic objects receptive to inks, lac- other signals are displayed; on charts this term quers, paints, or adhesives, in which the object is used only when the pole is attached to a build- is bathed in an open flame to promote oxidation и ŋ ing. { flag staf } of the surface. { fla¯m tre¯d i } flair [CIV ENG] A gradual widening of the flanged pipe [DES ENG] A pipe with flanges at flangeway near the end of a guard line of a track the ends; can be bolted end to end to another or rail structure. { fler } pipe. { ¦flanjd pı¯p} flaking [CHEM ENG] Continuous process opera- flange union [ENG] A pair of flanges that are tion to remove heat from material in the liquid screwed to the ends of pipes and then bolted state to cause its solidification. [ENG] 1. Re- or welded together to hold two pipes together. ducing or separating into flakes. 2. See frosting. { flanj yu¨ nиyən} { fla¯kиiŋ } flangeway [CIV ENG] Open way through a rail flaking mill [MECH ENG] A machine for con- or track structure that provides a passageway for verting material to flakes. { fla¯kиiŋ mil } the flange of a wheel. { flanj wa¯ } flak jacket [ENG] A jacket or vest of heavy fabric flanging [ENG] A forming process in which the containing metal, nylon, or ceramic plates, de- edge of a metal part is bent over to make a signed especially for protection against flak; usu- flange at a sharp angle to the body of the part. ally covers the chest, abdomen, back, and geni- { flanjиiŋ } tals, leaving the arms and legs free. Also known flank [CIV ENG] The outer edge of a carriageway. as flak vest. { flak jakиət} [DES ENG] 1. The end surface of a cutting tool, flak vest See flak jacket. { flak vest } adjacent to the cutting edge. 2. The side of a flame arrester [ENG] An assembly of screens, screw thread. { flaŋk} perforated plates, or metal-gauze packing flank angle [DES ENG] The angle made by the attached to the breather vent on a flammable- flank of a screw thread with a line perpendicular product storage tank. { fla¯m ə resиtər } to the axis of the screw. { flaŋk aŋиgəl}
221
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. flank wear
flank wear [ENG] Loss of relief on the flank of flash distillation See equilibrium flash vaporization. a tool behind the cutting edge. { flaŋk wer } { ¦flash disиtə la¯иshən} flap gate [CIV ENG] A gate that opens or closes flash drum [CHEM ENG] A facility, such as a by rotation around hinges at the top of the gate. tower, which receives the products of a preheater Also known as pivot leaf gate. { flap ga¯t } or heat exchanger to release pressure; volatile flap hinge See backflap hinge. { flap hiŋ } components are vaporized and separated for fur- flap trap [ENG] In plumbing, a trap fitted with ther fractionation. { flash drəm} a hinged flap that permits flow in one direction flash dry [CHEM ENG] The rapid evaporation of only, thus preventing backflow. { flap trap } moisture from a porous or granular solid by a flap valve [MECH ENG] A valve fitted with a sudden reduction in pressure or by placing the hinged flap or disk that swings in one direction material in an updraft of warm air. { flash drı¯ } only. { flap valv } flash groove [ENG] 1. A groove in a casting die flare [CHEM ENG] A device for disposing of so that excess material can escape during cast- combustible gases from refining or chemical ing. 2. See cutoff. { flash gru¨ v} processes by burning in the open, in contrast flashing [BUILD] A strip of sheet metal placed to combustion in a furnace or closed vessel or at the junction of exterior building surfaces to chamber. [DES ENG] An expansion at the end render the joint watertight. [CHEM ENG] Va- of a cylindrical body, as at the base of a rocket. porization of volatile liquids by either heat or [ELECTR] A radar screen target indication hav- vacuum. [ENG] Burning brick in an intermit- ing an enlarged and distorted shape due to ex- tent air supply in order to impart irregular color cessive brightness. [ENG] A pyrotechnic item to the bricks. { flashиiŋ } designed to produce a single source of intense flashing block See raggle. { flashиiŋ bla¨k} light for such purposes as target or airfield illumi- flashing flow [CHEM ENG] The condition when nation. { fler } a liquid at its boiling point flows through a flare chute [ENG] A flare attached to a para- heated conduit and is further heated to cause chute. { fler shu¨ t} partial vaporization (flashing), with a resultant flare factor [ENG ACOUS] Number expressing two-phase (vapor-liquid) flow. { flashиiŋ flo¯ } the degree of outward curvature of the horn of flashing ring [ENG] A ring around a pipe that a loudspeaker. { fler fakиtər } holds it in place as it passes through a partition flare gas [CHEM ENG] Surplus gas that is dis- such as a floor or wall. { flashиiŋ riŋ } posed of by combustion in the open. { fler flash line [ENG] A raised line on the surface of gas } a molding where the mold faces joined. flare-type burner [ENG] A circular burner which { flash lı¯n} discharges flame in the form of a cone. { fler flash mold [ENG] A mold which permits excess tı¯p bərnиər } material to escape during closing. { flash flash [ENG] In plastics or rubber molding or in mo¯ ld } metal casting, that portion of the charge which flashover [ELEC] An electric discharge around overflows from the mold cavity at the joint or over the surface of an insulator. [ENG] A line. { flash } condition occurring during a fire in a building in flashback See backfire. { flash bak } which the surfaces of everything within a com- flashback arrester [ENG] A device which pre- partment or room seem to burst into flame si- vents a flashback from passing the point where multaneously. { flash o¯ иvər} the arrester is installed in a torch, thereby pre- flash process [CHEM ENG] Liquid-vapor sys- venting damage. { flash bak ə resиtər} tem in which the composition remains constant, flashboard [CIV ENG] A relatively low, tempo- but the proportion of gas and liquid phases rary barrier constructed of a series of boards changes as pressure or temperature change. along the top of a dam spillway to increase stor- { flash pra¨sиəs} age capacity. { flash bo˙ rd } flash ridge [ENG] The part of a flash mold along flash boiler [MECH ENG] A boiler with hot tubes which the excess material escapes before the of small capacity; designed to immediately con- mold is closed. { flash rij } vert small amounts of water to superheated flash separation [CHEM ENG] Process for sepa- steam. { flash bo˙ ilиər} ration of gas (vapor) from liquid components flash bomb [ENG] A bomb that illuminates the under reduced pressure; the liquid and gas re- ground for night aerial photography. { flash main in contact as the gas evolves from the liq- ba¨m } uid. { ¦flash sepиə ra¯иshən} flash carbonization [CHEM ENG] A carboniza- flash steam [ENG] A mixture of steam and water tion process in which coal is subjected to a very that occurs when hot water under pressure brief residence time in the reactor in order to moves to a region of lower pressure, such as in produce the largest possible yield of tar. a flash boiler. { flash ste¯m} { flash ka¨rиbəиnə za¯иshən} flash tank [CHEM ENG] In a processing opera- flash chamber [CHEM ENG] A conventional oil- tion, a unit that is used to separate the liquid and-gas separator operated at low pressure, with and gas phases. { flash taŋk} the liquid from a higher-pressure vessel being flash trap See flash chamber. { flash trap } flashed into it. Also known as flash trap; flash flash vaporization [CHEM ENG] Rapid vaporiza- vessel. { flash cha¯mиbər } tion achieved by passing a volatile liquid through
222
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Flemish garden wall bond
continuously heated coils. [ENG] A method arch abutments and crowns to relieve the load used for withdrawing liquefied petroleum gas on the formwork at the moment of striking the from storage in which liquid is first flashed into formwork. { ¦flat ¦jak } a vapor in an intermediate pressure system, and flat-nose bit See flat-face bit. { flat no¯ z bit } then a second stage regulator provides the low flatpack [ELECTR] Semiconductor network en- pressure required to use the gas in appliances. capsulated in a thin, rectangular package, with { ¦flash va¯иpəиrə za¯иshən} the necessary connecting leads projecting from flash vessel See flash chamber. { flash vesиəl} the edges of the unit. { flat pak } flat [ENG] A nonglossy painted surface. { flat } flat-panel display See panel display. { flat ¦panи flatbed plotter [ENG] A graphics output device əldi spla¯ } that draws by moving a pen in both horizontal flat-plate collector [ENG] A solar collector con- and vertical directions over a sheet of paper; the sisting of a shallow metal box covered by a trans- overall size of the drawing is limited by the height parent lid. { flat ¦pla¯tkə lekиtər} иə and width of this bed. { flat bed pla¨d r} flat rope [DES ENG] A steel or fiber rope having flatbed truck [ENG] A truck whose body is in a flat cross section and composed of a number ə the form of a platform. { flat bed tr k} of loosely twisted ropes placed side by side, the flat belt [DES ENG] A power transmission belt, lay of the adjacent strands being in opposite in the form of leather belting, used where high- directions to secure uniformity in wear and to speed motion rather than power is the main con- prevent twisting during winding. { ¦flat ¦ro¯ p} cern. { flat belt } flat slab [CIV ENG] A flat plate of reinforced con- flat-belt conveyor [MECH ENG] A conveyor belt crete designed to span in two directions. in which the carrying run is supported by flat- { ¦flat ¦slab } belt idlers or pulleys. { flat belt kən va¯иər} flat spin [MECH] Motion of a projectile with a flat-belt pulley DES ENG A smooth, flat-faced [ ] slow spin and a very large angle of yaw, happen- pulley made of cast iron, fabricated steel, wood, ing most frequently in fin-stabilized projectiles and paper and used with a flat-belt drive. { flat with some spin-producing moment, when the belt pu˙ lиe¯ } period of revolution of the projectile coincides flat-blade turbine [MECH ENG] An impeller with with the period of its oscillation; sometimes ob- flat blades attached to the margin. { flat served in bombs and in unstable spinning pro- bla¯d tər bı¯n} и jectiles. { ¦flat spin } flat-bottom crown See flat-face bit. { flat ba¨d ¦ ¦ ŋ əm krau˙ n} flat spring See leaf spring. { flat spri } flat trajectory MECH A trajectory which is rela- flatcar [ENG] A railroad car without fixed walls [ ] tively flat, that is, described by a projectile of or a cover. { flat ka¨r} ¦ ə и flat chisel [DES ENG] A steel chisel used to ob- relatively high velocity. { flat tr jek tre¯ } tain a flat and finished surface. { ¦flat chizиəl} flat-turret lathe [MECH ENG] A lathe with a low, flat turret on a power-fed cross-sliding head- flat crank [DES ENG] A crankshaft having one əи ə flat bearing journal. { flat kraŋk} stock. { flat t r t la¯th } flat-crested weir [CIV ENG] A type of measuring flat yard [CIV ENG] A switchyard in which rail- weir whose crest is in the horizontal plane and road cars are moved by locomotives, not by grav- whose length is great compared with the height ity. { flat ya¨rd } of water passing over it. { flat krestиəd wer } fl dr See fluid dram. flat drill [DES ENG] A type of rotary drill con- fleam [DES ENG] The angle of bevel of the edge structed from a flat piece of material. { flat of the teeth of a saw with respect to the plane dril } of the blade. { fle¯m} flat edge trimmer [MECH ENG] A machine de- fleet [MECH ENG] Sidewise movement of a rope signed to trim the notched edges of metal shells. or cable when winding on a drum. { fle¯t} { flat ej trimиər} fleet angle [MECH ENG] In hoisting gear, the in- flat-face bit [DES ENG] A diamond core bit cluded angle between the rope, in its position whose face in cross section is square. Also of greatest travel across the drum, and a line known as flat-bottom crown; flat-nose bit; drawn perpendicular to the drum shaft, passing square-nose bit. { flat fa¯s bit } through the center of the head sheave or lead flat-flamed burner [ENG] A burner which emits sheave groove. { fle¯t aŋиgəl} a mixture of fuel and air in a flat stream through Fleming cracking process [CHEM ENG] An ob- a rectangular nozzle. { flat flamd bərnиər} solete liquid-phase thermal cracking process for flat form tool [DES ENG] A tool having a square heavy petroleum fractions; the charge was or rectangular cross section with the form along heated under pressure in a vertical shell still. the end. { flat fo˙ rm tu¨ l} { flemиiŋ krakиiŋ pra¨sиəs} flathead rivet [DES ENG] A small rivet with a Flemish bond [CIV ENG] A masonry bond con- flat manufactured head used for general-purpose sisting of alternating stretchers and headers in riveting. { flat hed rivиət} each course, laid with broken joints. { ¦flemи flat jack [CIV ENG] A hollow steel cushion which ish ba¨nd } is made of two nearly flat disks welded around Flemish garden wall bond [CIV ENG] A masonry the edge and which can be inflated with oil or bond consisting of headers and stretchers in the cement under controlled pressure; used at the ratio of one to three or four in each course,
223
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Flesh-Demag process
with joints broken to give a variety of patterns. about its neutral axis. { flekиshəиrəl ma¨jиəи { ¦flemиish ga¨rdиən ¦wo˙ l ba¨nd } ləs} Flesh-Demag process [CHEM ENG] A gas-mak- flexural rigidity [MECH] The ratio of the side- ing process in which a cyclic water-gas apparatus ward force applied to one end of a beam to is used for feeding and charring the coal charge the resulting displacement of this end, when the and for gas generation, with periodic automatic other end is clamped. { flekиshəиrəlri jidиədи removal of the resultant ash. { ¦flesh daиma¨k e¯ } pra¨sиəs} flexural strength [MECH] Strength of a material fleshing machine [ENG] A machine that re- in blending, that is, resistance to fracture. moves flesh from hides in a tannery. { fleshи { flekиshəиrəl streŋkth } iŋ mə she¯n} flexure [MECH] 1. The deformation of any beam Fletcher radial burner [ENG] A burner with gas subjected to a load. 2. Any deformation of an jets arranged radially. { flechиər ¦ra¯dиe¯иəl elastic body in which the points originally lying bərnиər} on any straight line are displaced to form a plane и ə Flettner windmill [MECH ENG] An inefficient curve. { flek sh r} windmill with four arms, each consisting of a flexure theory [MECH] Theory of the deforma- rotating cylinder actuated by a Savonius rotor. tion of a prismatic beam having a length at least { fletиnər wind mil } 10 times its depth and consisting of a material obeying Hooke’s law, in response to stresses flexibility [MECH] The quality or state of being и ə иəи able to be flexed or bent repeatedly. { flekи within the elastic limit. { flek sh r the¯ re¯ } flight CIV ENG A series of stairs between land- sə bilиədиe¯ } [ ] ings or floors. [MECH ENG] Plain or shaped flexible circuit [ELECTR] A printed circuit made on a flexible plastic sheet that is usually die-cut plates that are attached to the propelling mecha- nism of a flight conveyor. { flıt} to fit between large components. { flekиsəиbəl ¯ flight conveyor MECH ENG A conveyor in sərиkət} [ ] which paddles, attached to single or double flexible coupling [MECH ENG] A coupling used strands of chain, drag or push pulverized or gran- to connect two shafts and to accommodate their ulated solid materials along a trough. Also misalignment. { flekиsəиbəl kəpиliŋ } known as drag conveyor. { flı¯tkən va¯иər} flexible-joint pipe [ENG] Cast-iron pipe flight feeder [MECH ENG] Short-length flight adapted to laying under water and capable of conveyor used to feed solids materials to a proc- motion through several degrees without leakage. и əи ə ess vessel or other receptacle at a preset rate. { flek s b l jo˙ int pı¯p} { flı¯t fe¯dиər} flexible manufacturing system IND ENG A [ ] flight recorder [ENG] Any instrument or device form of computer-integrated manufacturing that records information about the performance used to make small to moderate-sized batches of an aircraft in flight or about conditions en- of parts. { flekиsəиbəl manиyəи fakиchəиriŋ и ə countered in flight, for future study and evalua- sis t m} tion. { flı¯tri ko˙ rdиər} flexible mold [ENG] A coating mold made of flinching [IND ENG] In inspection, failure to call flexible rubber or other elastomeric materials; a borderline defect a defect. { flinиchiŋ } и əи ə used mainly for casting plastics. { flek s b l flint mill [MECH ENG] A mill employing pebbles mo¯ ld } to pulverize materials (for example, in cement flexible pavement [CIV ENG] A road or runway manufacture). { flint mil } made of bituminous material which has little flip chip [ELECTR] A tiny semiconductor die tensile strength and is therefore flexible. having terminations all on one side in the form { flekиsəиbəl pa¯vиmənt } of solder pads or bump contacts; after the surface flexible shaft [MECH ENG] 1. A shaft that trans- of the chip has been passivated or otherwise mits rotary motion at any angle up to about treated, it is flipped over for attaching to a match- 90Њ. 2. A shaft made of flexible material or of ing substrate. Also known as solder-ball flip segments. 3. A shaft whose bearings are de- chip. { flip chip } signed to accommodate a small amount of mis- flip-flop circuit See bistable multivibrator. { flip alignment. { flekиsəиbəl shaft } fla¨p sərиkət} flexicoking [CHEM ENG] A continuous coke- FLIR imager See forward-looking infrared imager. making process that has a gasification section { flir imиijиər} in which coke can be gasified to produce refinery flitch beam See flitch girder. { flich be¯m} fuel gas, allowing the production of both gas and flitch girder [BUILD] A beam made of structural coke in line with market requirements. { flekи timbers bolted together with a steel plate be- sə ko¯ kиiŋ } tween them. Also known as flitch beam; sand- flexometer [ENG] An instrument for measuring wich beam. { flich gərdиər} the flexibility of materials. { flek sa¨mиədиər} flitch plate [CIV ENG] The metal plate in a flitch flexural modulus [MECH] A measure of the beam or girder. { flich pla¯t} resistance of a beam of specified material and float [DES ENG] A file which has a single set cross section to bending, equal to the product of parallel teeth. [ENG] 1. A flat, rectangular of Young’s modulus for the material and the piece of wood with a handle, used to apply and square of the radius of gyration of the beam smooth coats of plaster. 2. A mechanical device
224
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. flood
to finish the surface of freshly placed concrete raised by pumping out the water so that the paving. 3. A marble-polishing block. 4. Any vessel’s bottom can be exposed. Also known as structure that provides positive buoyancy such floating dry dock. 2. A barge or flatboat which is as a hollow, watertight unit that floats or rests on used as a wharf. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ da¨k} the surface of a fluid. 5. See plummet. [IND floating dry dock See floating dock. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ ENG] See bank. { flo¯ t} drı¯ da¨k} float barograph [ENG] A type of siphon baro- floating floor [BUILD] A floor constructed so graph in which the mechanically magnified mo- that the wearing surface is separated from the tion of a float resting on the lower mercury sur- supporting structure by an insulating layer of face is used to record atmospheric pressure on mineral wool, resilient quilt, or other material a rotating drum. { flo¯ t barиə graf } to provide insulation against impact sound. float bowl [MECH ENG] A component of a carbu- { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ flo˙ r} retor that holds a small amount of liquid gaso- floating foundation [CIV ENG] 1. A reinforced line and serves as a constant-level reservoir of concrete slab that distributes the concentrated fuel that is metered into the passing flow of air. load from columns; used on soft soil. 2. A foun- { flo¯ t bo¯ l} dation mat several meters below the ground sur- float chamber [ENG] A vessel in which a float face when it is combined with external walls. regulates the level of a liquid. { flo¯ t cha¯mи { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ fau˙ n da¯иshən} bər} floating lever [MECH ENG] A horizontal brake float control [ENG] Floating device used to lever with a movable fulcrum; used under rail- transmit a liquid-level reading to a control appa- road cars. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ le¯vиər} ratus, such as an on-off switch controlling liquid floating pan [ENG] An evaporation pan in which flow into and out of a storage tank. { flo¯ t the evaporation is measured from water in a kən tro¯ l} pan floating in a larger body of water. { ¦flo¯ dи float-cut file [DES ENG] A coarse file used on iŋ pan } soft materials. { flo¯ t kət fı¯l} floating platen [ENG] In a multidaylight press, float finish [CIV ENG] A rough concrete finish, a platen that is between the main head and the obtained by using a wooden float for finishing. press table and can be moved independently of { flo¯ t finиish } them. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ platиən} float gage [ENG] Any one of several types of floating roof [ENG] A type of tank roof (steel, instruments in which the level of a liquid is deter- plastic, sheet, or microballoons) which floats mined from the height of a body floating on its upon the surface of the stored liquid; used to surface, by using pullies, levers, or other me- decrease the vapor space and reduce the poten- chanical devices. { flo¯ t ga¯j} tial for evaporation. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ ru¨ f} floating [ELECTR] The condition wherein a de- floating scraper [MECH ENG] A balanced vice or circuit is not grounded and not tied to scraper blade that rests lightly on a drum filter; an established voltage supply. { flo¯ dиiŋ } removes solids collected on the rotating drum floating action [ENG] Controller action in which surface by riding on the drum’s surface contour. there is a predetermined relation between the { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ skra¯иpər} deviation and the speed of a final control ele- floatless level control [ENG] Any nonfloat de- ment; a neutral zone, in which no motion of vice for measurement and control of liquid levels the final control element occurs, is often used. in storage tanks or process vessels; includes use { flo¯ dиiŋ akиshən } of manometers, capacitances, electroprobes, nu- floating axle [MECH ENG] A live axle used to clear radiation, and sonics. { ¦flo¯ tиləs levиəl turn the wheels of an automotive vehicle; the kən tro¯ l} weight of the vehicle is borne by housings at the float level [MECH ENG] The position of the float ends of a fixed axle. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ akиsəl } in a carburetor at which the needle valve closes floating block See traveling block. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ bla¨k} the fuel inlet to prevent entry of additional fuel. floating chase [ENG] A mold part that can move { flo¯ t levиəl} freely in a vertical plane, which fits over a lower float switch [ENG] A switch actuated by a float member (such as a cavity or plug) and into which at the surface of a liquid. { flo¯ t swich } an upper plug can telescope. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ cha¯s} float-type rain gage [ENG] A class of rain gage floating control [ENG] Control device in which in which the level of the collected rainwater is the speed of correction of the control element measured by the position of a float resting on (such as a piston in a hydraulic relay) is propor- the surface of the water; frequently used as a tional to the error signal. Also known as pro- recording rain gage by connecting the float portional-speed control. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ kən tro¯ l } through a linkage to a pen which records on a floating crane [CIV ENG] A crane having a barge clock-driven chart. { flo¯ t tı¯p ra¯n ga¯j} or scow for an undercarriage and moved by ca- float valve [ENG] A valve whose on-off action is bles attached to anchors set some distance off controlled directly by the fall or rise of a float the corners of the barge; used for water work and concurrent with the fall or rise of liquid level in for work on waterfronts. { ¦flo¯ dиiŋ kra¯n} a liquid-containing vessel. { flo¯ t valv } floating dock [CIV ENG] 1. A form of dry dock flood [ELECTR] To direct a large-area flow of for repairing ships; it can be partly submerged electrons toward a storage assembly in a charge by controlled flooding to receive a vessel, then storage tube. [ENG] To cover or fill with fluid.
225
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. flood control
[MECH ENG] To supply an excess of fuel to a materials; in mining engineering it is referred to carburetor so that the level rises above the noz- as froth flotation. { flo¯ ta¯иshən} zle. { fləd} flotation collar [ENG] A buoyant bag carried by flood control [CIV ENG] Use of levees, walls, res- a spacecraft and designed so that it inflates and ervoirs, floodways, and other means to protect surrounds part of the outer surface if the space- land from water overflow. { flədkən tro¯ l} craft lands in the sea. { flo¯ ta¯иshən ka¨lиər} flood dam [CIV ENG] A dam for storing floodwa- flotsam [ENG] Floating articles, particularly ə ter, or for supplying a flood of water. { fl d those that are thrown overboard to lighten a dam } vessel in distress. { fla¨tиsəm} flooded system [ENG] A system filled with so flow [ENG] A forward movement in a continu- much tracer gas that probe testing for leaks suf- ¦ ə иə и ous stream or sequence of fluids or discrete ob- fers from a loss of sensitivity. { fl d d sis jects or materials, as in a continuous chemical təm} process or solids-conveying or production-line floodgate [CIV ENG] 1. A gate used to restrain operations. { flo } a flow or, when opened, to allow a flood flow to ¯ flow analysis IND ENG A detailed study of all pass. 2. The lower gate of a lock. { fləd ga¯t} [ ] flooding [CHEM ENG] Condition in a liquid- aspects of the progressive travel by personnel or vapor counterflow device (such as a distillation material from place to place during a particular column) in which the rate of vapor rise is such operation or from one operation to another. ə иəи ə as to prevent liquid downflow, causing a buildup { flo¯ nal s s} of the liquid (flooding) within the device. flow brush [ENG] A hollow tool for the continu- { flədиiŋ } ous application of a broad coat of an adhesive. flood relief channel See bypass channel. { fləd { flo¯ brəsh } ri le¯f chanиəl} flow chart [ENG] A graphical representation of flood wall [CIV ENG] A levee or similar wall for the progress of a system for the definition, analy- the purpose of protecting the land from inunda- sis, or solution of a data-processing or manufac- tion by flood waters. { fləd wo˙ l} turing problem in which symbols are used to floodway See bypass channel. { fləd wa¯ } represent operations, data or material flow, and floor [ENG] The bottom, horizontal surface of equipment, and lines and arrows represent inter- an enclosed space. { flo˙ r} relationships among the components. Also floor beam [BUILD] A beam used in the framing known as control diagram; flow diagram; flow of floors in buildings. [CIV ENG] A large beam sheet. { flo¯ cha¨rt } used in a bridge floor at right angles to the direc- flow-chart symbol [ENG] Any of the existing tion of the roadway, to transfer loads to bridge symbols normally used to represent operations, supports. { flo˙ r be¯m} data or materials flow, or equipment in a data- floor collar [ENG] A relatively narrow upright processing problem or manufacturing-process structural part fitted around the periphery of a description. { flo¯ cha¨rt simиbəl} hole where a pipe passes through to prevent flow coat [ENG] A coating formed by pouring a drainage water from entering the hole. { flo˙ r liquid material over the object and allowing it to иə ka¨l r} flow over the surface and drain off. { flo¯ ko¯ t} floor drain [CIV ENG] A pipe or channel to re- flow coefficient [MECH ENG] A dimensionless move water from under a floor in contact with number used in studying the power required by soil. { flo¯ r dra¯n} fans, equal to the volumetric flow rate through floor framing [BUILD] Floor joists together with и ŋ the fan divided by the product of the rate of their strutting and supports. { flo¯ r fra¯m i } rotation of the fan and the cube of the impeller flooring saw [DES ENG] A pointed saw with diameter. { ¦flo¯ ko¯ иi fishиənt } teeth on both edges; cuts its own entrance into и ŋ flow control [ENG] Any system used to control a material. { flo¯ r i so˙ } the flow of gases, vapors, liquids, slurries, pastes, floor light BUILD A window set in a floor that [ ] or solid particles through or along conduits or is adapted for walking on and admitting light to channels. { flo¯ kən tro¯ l} areas below. { flo¯ r lı¯t} flow control valve [ENG] A valve whose flow floor plate [BUILD] A flat board on a floor used opening is controlled by the rate of flow of the to support wall studs. [ENG] A plate in a floor to which heavy work or machine tools can be fluid through it; usually controlled by differential pressure across an orifice at the valve. Also bolted. { flo¯ r pla¯t} floor system CIV ENG The structural floor as- known as rate-of-flow control valve. { flo¯ [ ] ə sembly between supporting beams or girders in k n tro¯ l valv } buildings and bridges. { flo¯ r sisиtəm} flow curve [MECH] The stress-strain curve of a ə flotation [ENG] A process used to separate par- plastic material. { flo¯ k rv} ticulate solids by causing one group of particles flow diagram See flow chart. { flo¯ dı¯иə gram } to float; utilizes differences in surface chemical flow direction [ENG] The antecedent-to-succes- properties of the particles, some of which are sor relation, indicated by arrows or other conven- entirely wetted by water, others are not; the proc- tions, between operations on a flow chart. { flo¯ ess is primarily applied to treatment of minerals də rekиshən} but can be applied to chemical and biological flow graph See signal-low graph. { flo¯ graf }
226
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fluid distributor
flowing-temperature factor [THERMO] Calcula- the flow of a fluid exceeds a particular value. tion correction factor for gases flowing at tem- { flo¯ valv } peratures other than that for which a flow equa- flow visualization [ENG] Method of making visi- tion is valid, that is, other than 60ЊF (15.5ЊC). ble the disturbances that occur in fluid flow, us- { ¦flo¯ иiŋ temиprəиchər fakиtər} ing the fact that light passing through a flow flow line [ENG] 1. The connecting line or arrow field of varying density exhibits refraction and a between symbols on a flow chart or block dia- relative phase shift among different rays. { ¦flo¯ gram. 2. Mark on a molded plastic or metal vizhиəиlə za¯иshən} article made by the meeting of two input-flow fl oz See fluid ounce. fronts during molding. Also known as weld flue [ENG] A channel or passage for conveying line; weld mark. { flo¯ lı¯n} combustion products from a furnace, boiler, or flow measurement [ENG] The determination of fireplace to or through a chimney. { flu¨ } the quantity of a fluid, either a liquid, a vapor, flue exhauster [ENG] A device installed as part or a gas, that passes through a pipe, duct, or of a vent in order to provide a positive induced и ə open channel. { flo¯ mezhиərиmənt } draft. { flu¨ ig zo˙ s t r} flowmeter ENG An instrument used to meas- flue gas [ENG] Gaseous combustion products [ ] ure pressure, flow rate, and discharge rate of a from a furnace. { flu¨ gas } liquid, vapor, or gas flowing in a pipe. Also flue gas analyzer [ENG] A device that monitors known as fluid meter. { flo¯ me¯dиər} the composition of the flue gas of a boiler heat- ing unit to determine if the mixture of air and flow mixer [MECH ENG] Liquid-liquid mixing fuel is at the proper ratio for maximum heat device in which the mixing action occurs as the иə иə liquids pass through it; includes jet nozzles and output. { flu¨ gas an lı¯z r} agitator vanes. Also known as line mixer. flue gas expander [MECH ENG] In a petroleum processing system, a turbine for recovering en- { flo¯ mikиsər} ergy at the point where combustion gases are flow nozzle [ENG] A flowmeter in a closed con- discharged under pressure to the atmosphere; duit, consisting of a short flared nozzle of re- the reduction in pressure drives the turbine im- duced diameter inset into the inner diameter of peller. { flu¨ gas ik spandиər} a pipe; used to cause a temporary pressure drop fluid amplifier [ENG] An amplifier in which all in flowing fluid to determine flow rate via meas- amplification is achieved by interaction between urement of static pressures before and after the иə jets of fluid, with no electronic circuit and usually nozzle. { flo¯ na¨z l} no moving parts. { ¦flu¨ иəd amиplə fı¯иər} flow process ENG System in which fluids or [ ] fluid-bed process [CHEM ENG] A type of proc- solids are handled in continuous movement dur- ess based on the tendency of finely divided pow- ing chemical or physical processing or manufac- иə ders to behave in a fluidlike manner when sup- turing. { flo¯ pra¨s s} ported and moved by a rising gas or vapor flow-rating pressure [MECH ENG] The value of stream; used mainly for catalytic cracking of inlet static pressure at which the relieving capac- petroleum distillates. { ¦flu¨ иəd ¦bed pra¨sиəs} ity of a pressure-relief device is established. fluid catalyst CHEM ENG Finely divided solid и ŋ иə [ ] { flo¯ ra¯d i presh r} particles utilized as a catalyst in a fluid-bed proc- flow reactor [CHEM ENG] A dynamic reactor ess. { ¦flu¨ иəd kadиəl ist } system in which reactants flow continuously into fluid catalytic cracking [CHEM ENG] An oil re- the vessel and products are continuously re- fining process in which the gas-oil is cracked moved, in contrast to a batch reactor. { flo¯ by a catalyst bed fluidized by using oil vapors. и ə re¯ ak t r} { flu¨ иəd ¦kadиəl¦idиik krakиiŋ } flow sheet See flow chart. { flo¯ she¯t} fluid clutch See fluid drive. { ¦flu¨ иəd ¦kləch } flow shop [IND ENG] A manufacturing facility in fluid coking [CHEM ENG] A thermal process uti- which machine tools and robots are employed lizing the fluidized solids technique for continu- in the same manner on all jobs. { flo¯ sha¨p} ous conversion of heavy, low-grade petroleum flow soldering [ENG] Soldering of printed cir- oils into petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon cuit boards by moving them over a flowing wave products. { ¦flu¨ иəd ¦ko¯ kиiŋ } of molten solder in a solder bath; the process fluid-controlled valve [MECH ENG] A valve for permits precise control of the depth of immer- which the valve operator is activated by a fluid sion in the molten solder and minimizes heating energy, in contrast to electrical, pneumatic, or of the board. Also known as wave soldering. manual energy. { ¦flu¨ иədkən tro¯ ld valv } { flo¯ sa¨dиəиriŋ } fluid coupling [MECH ENG] A device for trans- flow stress [MECH] The stress along one axis mitting rotation between shafts by means of the at a given value of strain that is required to acceleration and deceleration of a fluid such as produce plastic deformation. { flo¯ stres } oil. Also known as hydraulic coupling. { ¦flu¨ и flow transmitter [ENG] A device used to meas- əd ¦kəpиliŋ } ure the flow of liquids in pipelines and convert fluid die [MECH ENG] A die for shaping parts the results into proportional electric signals that by liquid pressure; a plunger forces the liquid can be transmitted to distant receivers or con- against the part to be shaped, making the part trollers. { flo¯ tranz midиər} conform to the shape of a die. { ¦flu¨ иəd ¦dı¯ } flow valve [ENG] A valve that closes itself when fluid distributor [ENG] Device for the controlled
227
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fluid dram
distribution of fluid feed to a process unit, such object blocks the jet’s exit area. { flu¨ idиik as a liquid-gas or liquid-solids contactor, reactor, senиsər} mixer, burner, or heat exchanger; can be a simple fluidization [CHEM ENG] A roasting process in perforated-pipe sparger, spray head, or such. which finely divided solids are suspended in a { ¦flu¨ иəddə stribиyədиər} rising current of air (or other fluid), producing a fluid dram [MECH] Abbreviated fl dr. 1. A unit fluidized bed; used in the calcination of various of volume used in the United States for measure- minerals, in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and in ment of liquid substances, equal to 1/8 fluid the coal industry. { flu¨ иəиdə za¯иshən} ounce, or 3.6966911953125 ϫ 10Ϫ6 cubic meter. fluidized adsorption [CHEM ENG] Method of 2. A unit of volume used in the United Kingdom vapor- or gas-fractionation (separation via ad- for measurement of liquid substances and occa- sorption-desorption cycles) in a fluidized bed of sionally of solid substances, equal to 1/8 fluid adsorbent material. { ¦flu¨ иə dı¯zd ad so˙ rpиshən} ounce or 3.5516328125 ϫ 10Ϫ6 cubic meter. fluidized bed [ENG] A cushion of air or hot gas { ¦flu¨ иəd dram } blown through the porous bottom slab of a con- fluid drive [MECH ENG] A power coupling oper- tainer which can be used to float a powdered ated on a hydraulic turbine principle in which material as a means of drying, heating, quench- ing, or calcining the immersed components. the engine flywheel has a set of turbine blades ¦ иə which are connected directly to it and which are { flu¨ dı¯zd bed } driven in oil, thereby turning another set of fluidized-bed coating [ENG] Method for plas- blades attached to the transmission gears of the tic-coating of objects; the heated object is im- automobile. Also known as fluid clutch; hy- mersed into the fluidized bed of a thermoplastic resin that then fuses into a continuous uniform draulic clutch. { ¦flu¨ иəd ¦drı¯v} coating over the immersed object. { ¦flu¨ иə dı¯zd fluid end [MECH ENG] In a fluid pump, the sec- ¦bed kodиiŋ } tion that contains parts which are directly in- ¯ fluidized-bed combustion MECH ENG A volved in moving the fluid. { flu¨ иəd end } [ ] method of burning particulate fuel, such as coal, fluid-energy mill [ENG] A size-reduction unit in in which the amount of air required for combus- which grinding is achieved by collision between tion far exceeds that found in conventional burn- the particles being ground and the energy sup- ers; the fuel particles are continually fed into a plied by a compressed fluid entering the grinding bed of mineral ash in the proportions of 1 part chamber at high speed. Also known as jet mill. ¦ иə иə и fuel to 200 parts ash, while a flow of air passes up { flu¨ d en r je¯ mil } through the bed, causing it to act like a turbulent fluid-film bearing [MECH ENG] An antifriction fluid. { ¦flu¨ иə dı¯zd ¦bed kəm bəsиchən} bearing in which rubbing surfaces are kept apart fluid logic [ENG] The simulation of logical oper- by a film of lubricant such as oil. { ¦flu¨ иəd film и ŋ ations by means of devices that employ fluid ber i } dynamic phenomena to control the interactions fluid hydroforming [CHEM ENG] A type of fluid between sets of gases or liquids. { ¦flu¨ иəd ¦la¨jи catalytic cracking process used by petroleum re- ik } fineries to upgrade low-octane-number stocks. fluid mechanics MECH The science concerned ¦ иə и ə и ŋ [ ] { flu¨ d hı¯ dr fo˙ r mi } with fluids, either at rest or in motion, and deal- fluidic device [ENG] A device that operates by ing with pressures, velocities, and accelerations ¦ и the interaction of streams of fluid. { flu¨ id ik in the fluid, including fluid deformation and ¦ di vı¯s} compression or expansion. { ¦flu¨ иədmə kanи fluidic flow sensor [ENG] A device for measur- iks } ing the velocity of gas flows in which a jet of fluid meter See flowmeter. { flu¨ иəd me¯dиər} air or other selected gas is directed onto two fluid ounce [MECH] Abbreviated fl oz. 1. A adjacent small openings and is deflected by the unit of volume that is used in the United States flow of gas being measured so that the relative for measurement of liquid substances, equal to pressure on the two ports is a measure of gas 1/16 liquid pint, or 231/128 cubic inches, or velocity. Also known as deflected jet fluidic 2.95735295625 ϫ 10Ϫ5 cubic meter. 2. A unit flowmeter. { flu¨ ¦idиik flo¯ senиsər} of volume used in the United Kingdom for meas- fluidic oscillator meter [ENG] A flowmeter that urement of liquid substances, and occasionally measures the frequency with which a fluid enter- of solid substances, equal to 1/20 pint or ing the meter attaches to one of two opposite 2.84130625 ϫ 10Ϫ5 cubic meter. { ¦flu¨ иəd au˙ ns } diverging side walls and then the other, because fluid stress [MECH] Stress associated with plas- of the Coanda effect. { flu¨ ¦idиik a¨sиə la¯dиər tic deformation in a solid material. { ¦flu¨ иəd me¯dиər} stres } fluidics [ENG] A control technology that em- fluid ton [MECH] A unit of volume equal to 32 ploys fluid dynamic phenomena to perform sens- cubic feet or approximately 0.90614 cubic meter; ing, control, information processing, and actua- used for many hydrometallurgical, hydraulic, and tion functions without the use of moving me- other industrial purposes. { ¦flu¨ иəd tən} chanical parts. { flu¨ idиiks } fluid transmission [MECH ENG] Automotive fluidic sensor [ENG] A proximity sensor that transmission with fluid drive. { ¦flu¨ иəd tranz detects the presence of a nearby object from the mishиən} back pressure created on an air jet when the fluing [ENG] A forming process in which a
228
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. flywheel
flange is formed around a hole in a sheet-metal fixed quantity of water when a handle is oper- part by pressing a cylindrical die through the ated; used to flush toilets and urinals. hole. { flu¨ иiŋ }{flə sha¨mиədиər} flume [ENG] 1. An open channel constructed of flush tank [CIV ENG] 1. A tank in which water or steel, reinforced concrete, or wood and used to sewage is retained for periodic release through a convey water to be utilized for power, to transport sewer. 2. A small water-filled tank for flushing logs, and so on. 2. To divert by a flume, as a water closet. { fləsh taŋk} the waters of a stream, in order to lay bare the flush valve [ENG] A valve used for flushing toi- auriferous sand and gravel forming the bed. lets. { fləsh valv } { flu¨ m} flute [DES ENG] A groove having a curved sec- fluorescent lamp [ELECTR] A tubular discharge tion, especially when parallel to the main axis, lamp in which ionization of mercury vapor pro- as on columns, drills, and other cylindrical or duces radiation that activates the fluorescent conical shaped pieces. { flu¨ t} coating on the inner surface of the glass. fluted chucking reamer [DES ENG] A machine { flu˙ ¦resиənt lamp } reamer with a straight or tapered shank and with fluorescent screen [ENG] A sheet of material straight or spiral flutes; the ends of the teeth coated with a fluorescent substance so as to are ground on a slight chamfer for end cutting. emit visible light when struck by ionizing radia- { flu¨ dиəd chəkиiŋ re¯mиər} tion such as x-rays or electron beams. { flu˙ ¦resи flute length [DES ENG] On a twist drill, the ənt skre¯n} length measured from the outside corners of the fluoridation [ENG] The addition of the fluorine cutting lips to the farthest point at the back end ion (FϪ) to municipal water supplies in a final of the flutes. { flu¨ t leŋkth } concentration of 0.8–1.6 parts per million to help fluting [MECH ENG] A machining operation prevent dental caries in children. { flu˙ rиə da¯и whereby flutes are formed parallel to the main shən } axis of cylindrical or conical parts. { flu¨ dиiŋ } fluorimeter See fluorometer. { flu˙ rimиədиər} flutter [ENG] The irregular alternating motion of fluorologging [ENG] A well-logging technique the parts of a relief valve due to the application in which well cuttings are examined under ultra- of pressure where no contact is made between violet light for fluorescence radiation related to the valve disk and the seat. { flədиər} trace occurrences of oil. { flu˙ rиo¯ la¨gиiŋ } flutter valve [ENG] A valve that is operated by fluorometer [ENG] An instrument that meas- fluctuations in pressure of the material flowing ures the fluorescent radiation emitted by a sam- over it; used in carburetors. { flədиər valv } ple which is exposed to monochromatic radia- fluvarium [ENG] A large aquarium in which the tion, usually radiation from a mercury-arc lamp tanks contain flowing stream water maintained or a tungsten or molybdenum x-ray source that by gravity, not pumps. { flu¨ verиe¯иəm} has passed through a filter; used in chemical flux gate [ENG] A detector that gives an electric analysis, or to determine the intensity of the signal whose magnitude and phase are propor- radiation producing fluorescence. Also spelled tional to the magnitude and direction of the ex- fluorimeter. { flu˙ ra¨mиədиər } ternal magnetic field acting along its axis; used fluoroscope [ENG] A fluorescent screen de- to indicate the direction of the terrestrial mag- signed for use with an x-ray tube to permit direct netic field. { fləks ga¯t} visual observation of x-ray shadow images of fluxmeter [ENG] An instrument for measuring objects interposed between the x-ray tube and magnetic flux. { fləks me¯dиər} the screen. { flu˙ rиə sko¯ p} fly [MECH ENG] A fan with two or more blades fluoroscopy [ENG] Use of a fluoroscope for x- used in timepieces or light machinery to govern ray examination. { flu˙ ra¨sиkəиpe¯ } speed by air resistance. { flı¯ } flush [ENG] Pertaining to separate surfaces that fly ash [ENG] 1. Fine particulate, essentially are on the same level. { fləsh } noncombustible refuse, carried in a gas stream flush bead See quirk bead. { fləsh be¯d } from a furnace. 2. Coal combustion residue. flush coat [CIV ENG] A coating of bituminous { flı¯ ash } material, used to waterproof a surface. fly cutter [MECH ENG] A cutting tool that re- { fləsh ko¯ t} volves with the arbor of a lathe. { flı¯ kədиər} flush gate [CIV ENG] A gate for flushing a chan- fly cutting [MECH ENG] Cutting with a milling nel that lies below the gate of a dam. { fləsh cutter provided with only one tooth. { flı¯ ga¯t} kədиiŋ } flushing [CIV ENG] The removal or reduction to flying switch [ENG] Disconnection of railroad a permissible level of dissolved or suspended cars from a locomotive while they are moving contaminants in an estuary or harbor. [ENG] and switching them to another track under their Removing lodged deposits of rock fragments and own momentum. { ¦flı¯иiŋ swich } other debris by water flow at high velocity; used fly rock [ENG] The fragments of rock thrown and to clean water conduits and drilled boreholes. scattered during quarry or tunnel blasting. { fləshиiŋ } { flı¯ ra¨k} flushometer [ENG] A valve that discharges a flywheel [MECH ENG] A rotating element
229
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fm
attached to the shaft of a machine for the mainte- following error [CONT SYS] The difference be- nance of uniform angular velocity and revolu- tween commanded and actual positions in con- tions per minute. Also known as balance touring control. { fa¨lиəиwiŋ erиər} wheel. { flı¯ we¯l} food engineering [ENG] The technical disci- fm See femtometer. pline involved in food manufacturing and proc- и ə и ŋ FM/AM multiplier [ELECTR] Multiplier in which essing. { fu¨ d en j nir i } the frequency deviation from the central fre- foot [MECH] The unit of length in the British quency of a carrier is proportional to one vari- systems of units, equal to exactly 0.3048 meter. able, and its amplitude is proportional to the Abbreviated ft. { fu˙ t} footage [ENG] The extent or length of a material other variable; the frequency-amplitude-modu- и lated carrier is then consecutively demodulated expressed in feet. { fu˙ d ij } for frequency modulation (FM) and for amplitude foot block [ENG] Flat pieces of wood placed un- der props in tunneling to give a broad base and modulation (AM); the final output is propor- thus prevent the superincumbent weight from tional to the product of the two variables. pressing the props down. { fu˙ t bla¨k} { ef em a¯ em məlиtə plı¯иər} foot bridge [CIV ENG] A bridge structure used foam blanketing [ENG] A technique for fighting only for pedestrian traffic. { fu˙ t brij } fire within an oil tank or similar facility by gener- foot guard [CIV ENG] A filler placed on the space ating foam that forms a coating inside the tank, between converging rails to prevent a foot from ŋи əи thus depriving the fire of air. { fo¯ m bla k being wedged between the rails. { fu˙ t ga¨rd } ŋ ti } footing [CIV ENG] The widened base or sub- foaming [ENG] Any of various processes by structure forming the foundation for a wall or a which air or gas is introduced into a liquid or column. { fu˙ dиiŋ } solid to produce a foam material. { fo¯ mиiŋ } foot-pound [MECH] 1. Unit of energy or work in foam-in-place [ENG] The deposition of reactive the English gravitational system, equal to the foam ingredients onto the surface to be covered, work done by 1 pound of force when the point allowing the foaming reaction to take place upon at which the force is applied is displaced 1 foot in that surface, as with polyurethane foam; used the direction of the force; equal to approximately in applying thermal insulation for homes and 1.355818 joule. Abbreviated ft-lb; ft-lbf. industrial equipment. { ¦fo¯ min pla¯s} 2. Unit of torque in the English gravitational focometer [ENG] An instrument for measuring system, equal to the torque produced by 1 pound focal lengths of optical systems. { fo¯ kamиədи of force acting at a perpendicular distance of 1 ər} foot from an axis of rotation. Also known as focused-current log [ENG] A resistivity log that pound-foot. Abbreviated lbf-ft. { fu˙ t ¦pau˙ nd } is obtained by means of a multiple-electrode foot-poundal [MECH] 1. A unit of energy or work arrangement. { ¦fo¯ иkəst ¦kəиrənt la¨g} in the English absolute system, equal to the work focusing collector [ENG] A solar collector that done by a force of magnitude 1 poundal when the uses semicircular aluminum reflectors to focus point at which the force is applied is displaced sunlight onto copper pipes containing circulat- 1 foot in the direction of the force; equal to ing water. { fo¯ иkəsиiŋ kə lekиtər} approximately 0.04214011 joule. Abbreviated foil decorating [ENG] The molding of paper, tex- ft-pdl. 2. A unit of torque in the English abso- tile, or plastic foil, printed with compatible inks, lute system, equal to the torque produced by a into a plastic part so that the foil is visible below force of magnitude 1 poundal acting at a perpen- the surface of the part as a decoration. { ¦fo˙ il dicular distance of 1 foot from the axis of rota- ¦dekиə ra¯dиiŋ } tion. Also known as poundal-foot. Abbrevi- ated pdl-ft. { fut ¦paundиəl} folded horn [ENG ACOUS] An acoustic horn in ˙ ˙ which the path from throat to mouth is folded footprint [BUILD] A description of the exact size, or curled to give the longest possible path in a shape, and location of a building’s foundation as the foundation has been installed on a spe- given volume. { ¦fo¯ ldиəd ho˙ rn } cific site. Also known as building footprint. folded-plate roof [BUILD] A roof constructed of { fu˙ t print } flat plates, usually of reinforced concrete, joined ¦ иə ¦ foot screw [ENG] 1. One of the three screws at various angles. { fo¯ ld d pla¯t ru¨ f} connecting the tribach of a theodolite or other folding door [ENG] A door in sections that can level with the plate screwed to the tripod head. be folded back or can be moved apart by sliding. и ŋ 2. An adjusting screw that serves also as a foot. { fo¯ ld i do˙ r} { fu˙ t skru¨ } Foley pits [ENG ACOUS] Open boxes that are foot section [MECH ENG] In both belt and chain used in ADR studios and contain various materi- conveyors that portion of the conveyor at the als (such as water, sand, gravel, rice, and nails) extreme opposite end from the delivery point. for generating sound effects that could not be { fu˙ t sekиshən} recorded well during filming or video recording. footstock [MECH ENG] A device containing a { fo¯ иle¯ pits } center which supports the workpiece on a milling follower [ENG] A drill used for making all but machine; usually used in conjunction with a di- the first part of a hole, the first part being made viding head. { fu˙ t sta¨k} with a drill of larger gage. { fa¨lиəиwər} foot valve [MECH ENG] A valve in the bottom
230
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. foresight
of the suction pipe of a pump which prevents forced ventilation [MECH ENG] A system of ven- backward flow of water. { fu˙ t valv } tilation in which air is forced through ventilation Forbes bar [THERMO] A metal bar which has ducts under pressure. { ¦fo˙ rst ventиəl a¯иshən} one end immersed in a crucible of molten metal forced vibration See forced oscillation. { ¦fo˙ rst and thermometers placed in holes at intervals vı¯ bra¯иshən} along the bar; measurement of temperatures force feedback [CONT SYS] A method of error along the bar together with measurement of detection in which the force exerted on the ef- cooling of a short piece of the bar enables calcu- fector is sensed and fed back to the control, lation of the thermal conductivity of the metal. usually by mechanical, hydraulic, or electric ¦ ¦ { fo˙ rbz ba¨r} transducers. { fo˙ rs fe¯d bak } force fit See press fit. { fors fit } force [MECH] That influence on a body which ˙ causes it to accelerate; quantitatively it is a vec- force gage [ENG] An instrument which meas- ures the force exerted on an object. { fors gaj} tor, equal to the body’s time rate of change of ˙ ¯ force main [CIV ENG] The discharge pipeline of momentum. { fo˙ rs } a pumping station. { fo˙ rs ma¯n} force-balance meter [ENG] A flowmeter that force plate [ENG] A plate that carries the measures a force, such as that associated with plunger or force plug of a mold and the guide the air pressure in a small bellows, that is re- pins on bushings. { fo˙ rs pla¯t} quired to balance the net force created by the force plug [ENG] A mold member that fits into differential pressure, on opposite sides of a dia- the cavity block, exerting pressure on the mold- phragm or diaphragm capsule, generated by a ing compound. Also known as piston; plunger. differential-producing primary device. { fo˙ rs { fo˙ rs pləg} иə иə bal ns me¯d r} force polygon [MECH] A closed polygon whose force compensation [ENG] On an analytical sides are vectors representing the forces acting balance, the weight force of a load that is held on a body in equilibrium. { ¦fo˙ rs pa¨lиə ga¨n} in equilibrium by a force of equal size which acts forceps [DES ENG] A pincerlike instrument for in the opposite direction. { fo˙ rs ka¨mиpən sa¯и grasping objects. { fo˙ rиsəps } shən} force pump [MECH ENG] A pump fitted with a force constant [MECH] The ratio of the force to solid plunger and a suction valve which draws the deformation of a system whose deformation and forces a liquid to a considerable height is proportional to the applied force. { fo˙ rs above the valve or puts the liquid under a consid- ka¨nиstənt } erable pressure. { fo˙ rs pəmp } force-controlled motion commands [CONT SYS] force ratio See mechanical advantage. { fo˙ rs Robot control in which motion information is ra¯иsho¯ } provided by computer software but sensing of force-time [IND ENG] The product of an applied forces or feedback is used by the robot to adapt force and its time of application; used for quanti- this information to the environment. { fo˙ rs tative determination of isometric work. { ¦fo˙ rs kən¦tro¯ ld mo¯ иshənkə manz } ¦tı¯m} forced-air heating [MECH ENG] A warm-air fording depth [ENG] Maximum depth at which heating system in which positive air circulation a particular vehicle can operate in water. и ŋ is provided by means of a fan or a blower. { fo˙ rd i depth } { ¦fo˙ rst er he¯dиiŋ } forebay [CIV ENG] 1. A small reservoir at the forced circulation [MECH ENG] The use of a head of the pipeline that carries water to the pump or other fluid-movement device in con- consumer; it is the last free water surface of a distribution system. 2. A reservoir feeding the junction with liquid-processing equipment to move the liquid through pipes and process ves- penstocks of a hydro-power plant. { fo˙ r ba¯ } sels; contrasted to gravity or thermal circulation. foreign-body locator [ENG] A device for locat- ing foreign metallic bodies in tissue by means { ¦fo˙ rst sərиkyə la¯иshən} of suitable probes that generate a magnetic field; forced-circulation boiler [MECH ENG] A once- the presence of a magnetic body within this field through steam generator in which water is is indicated by a meter or a sound signal. { ¦fa¨rи pumped through successive parts. { ¦fo˙ rst sərи ən ¦ba¨dиe¯ lo¯ ka¯dиər} kyə la¯иshən bo˙ ilиər} foreign element [IND ENG] A work element forced convection [THERMO] Heat convection which is not a part of the normal work cycle, in which fluid motion is maintained by some ¦ ə и ə either because it is accidental or because it oc- external agency. { fo˙ rst k n vek sh n} curs only occasionally. { ¦fa¨rиən elиəиmənt } forced draft [MECH ENG] Air under positive fore pump See backing pump. { fo˙ r pəmp } pressure produced by fans at the point where foresight [ENG] 1. A sight or bearing on a new air or gases enter a unit, such as a combustion survey point, taken in a forward direction and furnace. { ¦fo˙ rst draft } made in order to determine its elevation. 2. A forced oscillation [MECH] An oscillation pro- sight on a previously established survey point, duced in a simple oscillator or equivalent me- taken in order to close a circuit. 3. A reading chanical system by an external periodic driving taken on a level rod to determine the elevation force. Also known as forced vibration. { ¦fo˙ rst of the point on which the rod rests when read. a¨sиə la¯иshən} Also known as minus sight. { fo˙ r sı¯t}
231
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. forest engineering
forest engineering [ENG] A branch of engi- forms analysis chart See form process chart. neering concerned with the solution of forestry { ¦fo˙ rmz ə¦nalиəиsəs cha¨rt } problems with regard to long-range environmen- form scabbing [CIV ENG] In placing of concrete tal and economic effects. { fa¨rиəst enиjə nirи using formwork, removal of the surface layer of iŋ } concrete that adheres to the form when it is forklift [MECH ENG] A machine, usually pow- removed. { fo˙ rm skabиiŋ } ered by hydraulic means, consisting of two or formwork [CIV ENG] A temporary wooden cas- more prongs which can be raised and lowered ing used to contain concrete during its placing and are inserted under heavy materials or ob- and hardening. Also known as shuttering. jects for hoisting and moving them. { fo˙ rk lift } { fo˙ rm wərk } forklift truck See fork truck. { fo˙ rk lift trək} fors See G; gram-force. { fo˙ rs } fork pocket [MECH ENG] An opening in the Fortin barometer [ENG] A type of cistern ba- base of a container or pallet for insertion of the rometer; provision is made to increase or de- prong of a forklift. { fo˙ rk pakиət} crease the volume of the cistern so that when a fork truck [MECH ENG] A vehicle equipped with pressure change occurs, the level of the cistern a forklift. Also known as forklift truck. { fo˙ rk can be maintained at the zero of the barometer trək } scale (the ivory point). { fo˙ rdиənbə ra¨mиədи form [CIV ENG] Temporary boarding, sheeting, ər} or pans of plywood, molded fiber glass, and so forward bias [ELECTR] A bias voltage that is ap- forth, used to give desired shape to poured con- plied to a pn-junction in the direction that crete or the like. { fo˙ rm } causes a large current flow; used in some semi- form clamp [CIV ENG] An adjustable metal conductor diode circuits. { ¦fo˙ rиwərd bı¯иəs} clamp used to secure planks of wooden forms for forward-looking infrared imager [ENG] An in- concrete columns or beams. { fo˙ rm klamp } frared imaging device which employs an opto- form cutter See formed cutter. { fo˙ rm kədиər } mechanical system to make a two-dimensional formed cutter [MECH] A cutting tool shaped to scan, and produces a visible image correspond- make surfaces with irregular geometry. Also ing to the spatial distribution of infrared radia- known as form cutter. { ¦fo˙ rmd kədиər} tion. Abbreviated FLIR imager. Also known as form factor [ELEC] 1. The ratio of the effective framing imager. { fo˙ rиwərd ¦lu˙ kиiŋ inиfrə red value of a periodic function, such as an alternat- imиijиər} ing current, to its average absolute value. 2. A forward pass [ENG] In project management, factor that takes the shape of a coil into account scheduling from a known start date and calculat- when computing its inductance. Also known ing the finish date by proceeding from the first as shape factor. [MECH] The theoretical stress operation to the last. Also known as forward concentration factor for a given shape, for a per- scheduling. { ¦fo˙ rиwərd pas } fectly elastic material. { fo˙ rm fakиtər} forward path [CONT SYS] The transmission path form grinding [MECH ENG] Grinding by use of from the loop actuating signal to the loop output a wheel whose cutting face is contoured to the signal in a feedback control loop. { fo˙ rиwərd reverse shape of the desired form. { fo˙ rm path } grı¯ndиiŋ } forward scheduling See forward pass. { ¦fo˙ rиwərd forming [ELEC] Application of voltage to an skejиəlиiŋ } electrolytic capacitor, electrolytic rectifier, or forward transfer function [CONT SYS] In a feed- semiconductor device to produce a desired per- back control loop, the transfer function of the manent change in electrical characteristics as forward path. { ¦fo˙ rиwərd tranzиfər fənkиshən} a part of the manufacturing process. [MECH Foster’s reactance theorem [CONT SYS] The ENG] A process for shaping or molding sheets, theorem that the most general driving point im- rods, or other pieces of hot glass, ceramic ware, pedance or admittance of a network, in which plastic, or metal by the application of pressure. every mesh contains independent inductance { fo˙ rmиiŋ } and capacitance, is a meromorphic function forming die [ENG] A die like a drawing die, but whose poles and zeros are all simple and occur without a blank holder. { fo˙ rmиiŋ dı¯ } in conjugate pairs on the imaginary axis, and in forming press [MECH ENG] A punch press for which these poles and zeros alternate. { fo˙ sи forming metal parts. { fo˙ rmиiŋ pres } tərz re¯ akиtəns thirиəm} forming rolls [MECH ENG] Rolls contoured to Foucault pendulum [MECH] A swinging weight give a desired shape to parts passing through supported by a long wire, so that the wire’s upper them. { fo˙ rmиiŋ ro¯ lz } support restrains the wire only in the vertical forming tool [DES ENG] A nonrotating tool that direction, and the weight is set swinging with produces its inverse form on the workpiece. no lateral or circular motion; the plane of the { fo˙ rmиiŋ tu¨ l } pendulum gradually changes, demonstrating the form process chart [IND ENG] A graphic repre- rotation of the earth on its axis. { fu¨ ko¯ penи sentation of the process flow of paperwork forms. jəиləm} Also known as forms analysis chart; functional foul bottom [CIV ENG] A hard, uneven, rocky or forms analysis chart; information process analy- obstructed bottom having poor holding qualities sis chart. { ¦fo˙ rm ¦pra¨sиəs cha¨rt } for anchors, or one having rocks or wreckage
232
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fracture stress
that would endanger an anchored vessel. { ¦fau˙ l selection of averaging, coherence function, cor- ba¨dиəm} relation, power spectrum, and other mathemati- fouling [CHEM ENG] Deposition on the surface cal operations involved in calculating Fourier of a heat-transfer device of sediment in the form transforms of time-varying signal voltages for of scale derived from burned particles of the such applications as identification of underwater heated substance. { fau˙ lиiŋ } sounds, vibration analysis, oil prospecting, and и иə иə fouling factor [CHEM ENG] In heat transfer, the brain-wave analysis. { fu˙ r e¯ a¯ an lı¯z r} lowering of clear-film transfer rates resulting Fourier heat equation See Fourier law of heat con- и и from corrosion, dirt, or roughness of the surface duction; heat equation. { fu˙ r e¯ a¯ he¯tikwa¯ ə of tube walls of heat exchangers. { fau˙ lиiŋ zh n} fakиtər} Fourier law of heat conduction [THERMO] The law that the rate of heat flow through a substance fouling plates [ENG] Metal plates submerged in is proportional to the area normal to the direc- water to allow attachment of fouling organisms, tion of flow and to the negative of the rate of which are then analyzed to determine species, change of temperature with distance along the growth rate, and growth pattern, as influenced direction of flow. Also known as Fourier heat by environmental conditions and time. { fau˙ lи и ə ə ə и ə ŋ equation. { fu˙ r e¯ a¯ lo˙ v he¯tk n d k sh n} i pla¯ts } Fourier number [THERMO] A dimensionless fouling point [CIV ENG] 1. The point at a switch number used in the study of unsteady-state heat or turnout beyond which railroad cars must be transfer, equal to the product of the thermal con- placed so as not to interfere with cars on the ductivity and a characteristic time, divided by main track. 2. The location of insulated joints the product of the density, the specific heat at in a turnout on signaled tracks. { fau˙ lиiŋ constant pressure, and the distance from the po˙ int } midpoint of the body through which heat is pass- foundation [CIV ENG] 1. The ground that sup- ing to the surface. Symbolized NFoh.{ fu˙ rиe¯ a¯ ports a building or other structure. 2. The por- nəmиbər} tion of a structure which transmits the building four-pi counter [ENG] An instrument which load to the ground. { fau˙ n da¯иshən} measures the radiation that a radioactive mate- foundation engineering [CIV ENG] That branch rial emits in all directions. { ¦fo˙ r pı¯ kau˙ nиtər} of engineering concerned with evaluating the four-stroke cycle [MECH ENG] An internal com- earth’s ability to support a load and designing bustion engine cycle completed in four piston substructures to transmit the load of superstruc- strokes; includes a suction stroke, compression tures to the earth. { fau˙ n da¯иshən enиjə nirиiŋ } stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke. foundation mat See raft foundation. { fau˙ n da¯и { ¦fo˙ r ¦stro¯ k sı¯иkəl} shən mat } four-track tape [ENG ACOUS] Magnetic tape on foundry [ENG] A building where metal or glass which two tracks are recorded for each direction castings are produced. { fau˙ nиdre¯ } of travel, to provide stereo sound reproduction foundry engineering [ENG] The science and or to double the amount of source material that practice of melting and casting glass or metal. can be recorded on a given length of 1/4-inch { fau˙ nиdre¯ enиjə nirиiŋ } (0.635-centimeter) tape. { fo˙ r trak ta¯p} four-ball tester [ENG] A machine designed to four-way reinforcing [CIV ENG] A system of re- measure the efficiency of lubricants by driving inforcing rods in concrete slab construction in one ball against three stationary balls clamped which the rods are placed parallel to two adja- cent edges and to both diagonals of a rectangular together in a cup filled with the lubricant; perfor- иə и ŋ mance is evaluated by measuring wear-scar di- slab. { fo˙ r wa¯ re¯ n fo˙ rs i } ameters on the stationary balls. { ¦fo˙ r ¦bo˙ l four-way valve [MECH ENG] A valve at the junc- tesиtər} tion of four waterways which allows passage be- tween any two adjacent waterways by means of four-bar linkage [MECH ENG] A plane linkage a movable element operated by a quarter turn. consisting of four links pinned tail to head in a { fo˙ r wa¯ valv } closed loop with lower, or closed, joints. { ¦fo˙ r ¦ ŋ и four-wheel drive [MECH ENG] An arrangement ba¨r li k ij } in which the drive shaft acts on all four wheels Fourcault process ENG A process for forming [ ] of the automobile. { fo˙ r ¦we¯l drı¯v} sheet glass in which the molten glass is drawn иə fox lathe [MECH ENG] A lathe with chasing bar vertically upward. { fu¨ r ko¯ pra¨s s} and leaders for cutting threads; used for turning four-channel sound system See quadraphonic brass. { fa¨ks lath } ¦ ¦ иə и ə ¯ sound system. { fo˙ r chan l sau˙ nd sis t m} fractionator [CHEM ENG] An apparatus used to Fourdrinier machine [MECH ENG] A papermak- separate a mixture by fractionation, especially ing machine; a paper web is formed on an end- by fractional distillation. { frakиshə na¯dиər} less wire screen; the screen passes through fraction defective [IND ENG] The number of presses and over dryers to the calenders and units per 100 pieces which are defective in a lot; reels. { forиdrə nir mə she¯n} expressed as a decimal. { frakиshəndi fekиtiv} fourier See thermal ohm. { fu˙ rиe¯ a¯ } fracture strength See fracture stress. { frakиshər Fourier analyzer [ENG] A digital spectrum ana- streŋkth } lyzer that provides push-button or other switch fracture stress [MECH] The minimum tensile
233
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fracture test
stress that will cause fracture. Also known as maximum water level and the top of the tank. fracture strength. { frakиshər stres } { ¦fre¯ bo˙ rd } fracture test [ENG] 1. Macro- or microscopic ex- free charge [ELEC] Electric charge which is not amination of a fractured surface to determine bound to a definite site in a solid, in contrast characteristics such as grain pattern, composi- to the polarization charge. { ¦fre¯ cha¨rj } tion, or the presence of defects. 2. A test de- free convection See natural convection. { ¦fre¯ signed to evaluate fracture stress. { frakиshər kən vekиshən} test } free diving [ENG] Diving with the use of scuba fracture wear [MECH] The wear on individual equipment to allow freedom and maneuverabil- abrasive grains on the surface of a grinding wheel ity. { ¦fre¯ dı¯vиiŋ } caused by fracture. { frakиshər wer } free-drop [ENG] To air-drop supplies or equip- Frahm frequency meter See vibrating-reed fre- ment without parachute. { fre¯ dra¨p} quency metery. { fra¨m fre¯иkwənиse¯ me¯dиər} free energy [THERMO] 1. The internal energy of frame [BUILD] The skeleton structure of a build- a system minus the product of its temperature ing. Also known as framing. [ELECTR] and its entropy. Also known as Helmholtz free 1. One complete coverage of a television picture. energy; Helmholtz function; Helmholtz poten- 2. A rectangular area representing the size of tial; thermodynamic potential at constant vol- copy handled by a facsimile system. { fra¯m} ume; work function. 2. See Gibbs free energy. { ¦fre¯ enиərиje¯ } framework [ENG] The load-carrying frame of a ¦ structure; may be of timber, steel, or concrete. free enthalpy See Gibbs free energy. { fre¯ en thalиpe } { fra¯m wərk } ¯ free fall [MECH] The ideal falling motion of a framing [BUILD] See frame. [ELECTR] 1. Ad- justing a television picture to a desired position body acted upon only by the pull of the earth’s gravitational field. { fre¯ fo˙ l} on the screen of the picture tube. 2. Adjusting free falling MECH ENG In ball milling, the pe- a facsimile picture to a desired position in the [ ] ripheral speed at which part of the crop load direction of line progression. Also known as breaks clear on the ascending side and falls clear phasing. { fra¯mиiŋ } to the toe of the charge. { fre¯ fo˙ lиiŋ } framing anchor [BUILD] A metal device for join- free-field room See anechoic chamber. { fre¯ ing elements such as studs, joists, and rafters fe¯ld ru¨ m} in light wood-frame construction. { fra¯mиiŋ ŋ иə free fit [DES ENG] A fit between mating pieces a k r} where accuracy is not essential or where large framing imager See forward-looking infrared imag- variations in temperature may occur. { fre¯ fit } eryy. { framиiŋ imиijиər} ¯ free flight [MECH] Unconstrained or unassisted framing square [DES ENG] A graduated carpen- flight. { fre¯ flı¯t} ter’s square used for cutting off and making и ŋ free-flight angle [MECH] The angle between the notches. { fra¯m i skwer } horizontal and a line in the direction of motion Francis turbine [MECH ENG] A reaction hydrau- of a flying body, especially a rocket, at the begin- lic turbine of relatively medium speed with radial ning of free flight. { fre flıt aŋиgəl} и ə ə ¯ ¯ flow of water in the runner. { fran s s t r bı¯n} free-flight trajectory [MECH] The path of a body frangible [MECH] Breakable, fragile, or brittle. in free fall. { fre¯ flı¯ttrə jekиtre¯ } и əи ə { fran j b l} free float [IND ENG] The length of time, ex- Franklin equation [ENG ACOUS] An equation for pressed as work units, that a specific activity may intensity of sound in a room as a function of be delayed without delaying the start of another time after shutting off the source, involving the activity scheduled to follow immediately after. volume and exposed surface area of the room, Also known as free slack. { ¦fre¯ flo¯ t} the speed of sound, and the mean sound-absorp- free gyroscope [ENG] A gyroscope that uses tion coefficient. { fraŋkиləni kwa¯иzhən} the property of gyroscopic rigidity to sense Frazer-Brace extraction method [CHEM ENG] A changes in altitude of a machine, such as an method used to extract oil from citrus fruit; uti- airplane; the spinning wheel or rotor is isolated lizes a machine which has abrasive carborundum from the airplane by gimbals; when the plane rolls to rasp the peel from the fruit under a water changes from level flight, the gyro remains verti- spray; the water-and-peel mixture is screened cal and gives the pilot an artificial horizon refer- and settled to allow oil separation. { ¦fra¯иzər ence. { ¦fre¯ ¦jı¯иrə sko¯ p} bra¯sik strakиshən methиəd} freehand grinding See offhand grinding. { ¦fre¯ free ascent [ENG] Emergency ascent by a diver hand grindиiŋ } by floating to the surface through natural buoy- free instruments [ENG] Instruments designed ancy or through assisted buoyancy with a life to initially sink to the ocean bottom, release their jacket. { ¦fre¯ ə sent } ballast, and then rise to the surface where they freeboard [CHEM ENG] In a fluidized-bed reac- are retrieved with their acquired payload. { ¦fre¯ tor, the space between the top of the reaction inиstrəиməns } bed and the top of the reactor. [CIV ENG] The free joint [MECH ENG] A robotic articulation height between normal water level and the crest that has six degrees of freedom. { fre¯ jo˙ int } of a dam or the top of a flume. [ENG] The free-mass antenna [ENG] A detector of gravita- vertical distance in a water tank between the tional radiation that consists of suspended,
234
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. frequency-response curve
almost inertial masses and a laser interfero- freight car [ENG] A railroad car in or on which meter that detects their motions. { fre¯ mas freight is transported. { fra¯t ka¨r} an tenиə } freighter [ENG] A ship or aircraft used mainly free-piston engine [MECH ENG] A prime mover for carrying freight. { fra¯dиər} utilizing free-piston motion controlled by gas freight ton See ton. { fra¯t tən} pressure in the cylinders. { fre¯ pisиtən enи french [MECH] A unit of length used to measure jən } small diameters, especially those of fiber optic free-piston gage [ENG] An instrument for mea- bundles, equal to 1/3 millimeter. { french } suring high fluid pressures in which the pressure french coupling [DES ENG] A coupling having is applied to the face of a small piston that can both right- and left-handed threads. { ¦french move in a cylinder and the force needed to keep kəpиliŋ } the piston stationary is determined. Also French drain [CIV ENG] An underground pas- known as piston gage. { ¦fre¯ ¦pisиtən ga¯j } sage for water, consisting of loose stones covered free port [CIV ENG] An isolated, enclosed, and with earth. { ¦french dra¯n} policed port in or adjacent to a port of entry, frequency characteristic See frequency-response without a resident population. { fre¯ po˙ rt } curve. { ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ karиikиtə risиtik } free slack See free float. { ¦fre¯ slak } frequency compensation See compensation. free-swelling index [ENG] A test for measuring { ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ ka¨mиpən sa¯иshən} the free-swelling properties of coal; consists of frequency domain [CONT SYS] Pertaining to a heating 1 gram of pulverized coal in a silica cruci- method of analysis, particularly useful for fixed ble over a gas flame under prescribed conditions linear systems in which one does not deal with to form a coke button, the size and shape of functions of time explicitly, but with their La- which are then compared with a series of stand- place or Fourier transforms, which are functions ard profiles numbered 1 to 9 in increasing order of frequency. { fre¯иkwənиse¯ də ma¯n} of swelling. { fre¯ swelиiŋ in deks } frequency locus [CONT SYS] The path followed free turbine [MECH ENG] In a turbine engine, a by the frequency transfer function or its inverse, turbine wheel that drives the output shaft and either in the complex plane or on a graph of is not connected to the shaft driving the com- amplitude against phase angle; used in de- pressor. { ¦fre¯ tərиbən } termining zeros of the describing function. free vector [MECH] A vector whose direction in { fre¯иkwənиse¯ lo¯ иkəs} space is prescribed but whose point of applica- frequency meter [ENG] 1. An instrument for tion and line of application are not prescribed. measuring the frequency of an alternating cur- { ¦fre¯ vekиtər } rent; the scale is usually graduated in hertz, kilo- freeze [ENG] 1. To permit drilling tools, casing, hertz, and megahertz. 2. A device cali-brated drivepipe, or drill rods to become lodged in a to indicate frequency of a radio wave. { fre¯и borehole by reason of caving walls or impaction kwənиse¯ me¯dиər} of sand, mud, or drill cuttings, to the extent that frequency-modulated radar [ENG] Form of ra- they cannot be pulled out. Also known as bind- dar in which the radiated wave is frequency mod- seize. 2. To burn in a bit. Also known as burn- ulated, and the returning echo beats with the in. 3. The premature setting of cement, espe- wave being radiated, thus enabling range to cially when cement slurry hardens before it can be measured. { fre¯иkwənиse¯ ma¨jиə la¯dиəd ra¯ be ejected fully from pumps or drill rods during da¨r} a borehole cementation operation. 4. The act frequency-modulation Doppler [ENG] Type of or process of drilling a borehole by utilizing a radar involving frequency modulation of both drill fluid chilled to minus 30–40ЊF, (minus 34– carrier and modulation on radial sweep. { fre¯и 40ЊC) as a means of consolidating, by freezing, kwənиse¯ ma¨jиə la¯иshən da¨pиlər} the borehole wall materials or core as the drill frequency-modulation synthesis [ENG ACOUS] penetrates a water-saturated formation, such as A method of synthesizing musical tones which, sand or gravel. { fre¯z } in its simplest form, is carried out using two freeze drying [ENG] A method of drying materi- digital oscillators, with the output of one adding als, such as certain foods, that would be de- to the frequency (or phase) control of the other. stroyed by the loss of volatile ingredients or by { ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ ma¨иjə la¯иshən sinиthəиsəs} drying temperatures above the freezing point; frequency response [ENG] A measure of the ef- the material is frozen under high vacuum so that fectiveness with which a circuit, device, or system ice or other frozen solvent will quickly sublime transmits the different frequencies applied to it; and a porous solid remain. { fre¯z drı¯иiŋ } it is a phasor whose magnitude is the ratio of freezer [MECH ENG] An insulated unit, com- the magnitude of the output signal to that of a partment, or room in which perishable foods are sine-wave input, and whose phase is that of the quick-frozen and stored. { fre¯zиər } output with respect to the input. Also known freeze-up [MECH ENG] Abnormal operation of as amplitude-frequency response; sine-wave re- a refrigerating unit because ice has formed at sponse. { fre¯иkwənиse¯ ri spa¨ns } the expansion device. { fre¯z əp} frequency-response curve [ENG] A graph freezing microtome [ENG] A microtome used showing the magnitude or the phase of the freq- to cut frozen tissue. { ¦fre¯zиiŋ mı¯иkrə to¯ m} ency response of a device or system as a function
235
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. frequency-response trajectory
of frequency. Also known as frequency charac- wheel is pressed against a second wheel. { frikи teristic. { fre¯иkwənиse¯ ri spa¨ns kərv} shən drı¯v} frequency-response trajectory [CONT SYS] The friction fit [DES ENG] A perfect fit between two path followed by the frequency-response phasor parts. { frikиshən fit } in the complex plane as the frequency is varied. friction force microscopy [ENG] The use of an { fre¯иkwənиse¯ ri spa¨ns trə jekиtre¯ } atomic force microscope to measure the fric- frequency spectrum [SYS ENG] In the analysis tional forces on a surface. { ¦frikиshən ¦fors of a random function of time, such as the ampli- mı¯ kra¨иskəиpe¯ } tude of noise in a system, the limit as T ap- friction gear [MECH ENG] Gearing in which mo- proaches infinity of 1/(2T) times the ensemble tion is transmitted through friction between two average of the squared magnitude of the ampli- surfaces in rolling contact. { frikиshən gir } tude of the Fourier transform of the function friction horsepower [MECH ENG] Power dissi- from ϪT to T. Also known as power-density pated in a machine through friction. { frikи ə иə spectrum; power spectrum; spectral density. sh n ho˙ rs pau˙ r} { fre¯иkwənиse¯ spekиtrəm} friction loss [MECH] Mechanical energy lost be- frequency study See work sampling. { freиkwənи cause of mechanical friction between moving ¯ и ə se¯ stədиe¯ } parts of a machine. { frik sh n lo¯ s} frequency transformation [CONT SYS] A trans- friction pile [CIV ENG] A bearing pile sur- rounded by earth and supported entirely by fric- formation used in synthesizing a band-pass net- и ə work from a low-pass prototype, in which the tion; carries no load at its end. { frik sh n pı¯l} frequency variable of the transfer function is re- friction saw [MECH ENG] A toothless circular saw used to cut materials by fusion due to fric- placed by a function of the frequency. Also и ə known as low-pass band-pass transformation. tional heat. { frik sh n so˙ } friction sawing [MECH ENG] A burning process { ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ tranzиfər ma¯иshən} to cut stock to length by using a blade saw op- fretsaw [DES ENG] A narrow-bladed fine- erating at high speed; used especially for the toothed saw that is held under tension in a structural parts of mild steel and stainless steel. frame. { fret so˙ } { frikиshən so˙ иiŋ } friction [MECH] A force which opposes the rela- friction shoe [ENG] An adjustable friction de- tive motion of two bodies whenever such motion vice that holds a window sash in any desired exists or whenever there exist other forces which open position. { frikиshən shu¨ } tend to produce such motion. { frikиshən} friction torque [MECH] The torque which is pro- frictional grip [MECH] The adhesion between duced by frictional forces and opposes rotational the wheels of a locomotive and the rails of the ¦ и ə иə motion, such as that associated with journal or railroad track. { frik sh n l grip } sleeve bearings in machines. { frikиshən to˙ rk } friction bearing [MECH ENG] A solid bearing friction-tube viscometer [ENG] Device to deter- that directly contacts and supports an axle end. и ə и ŋ mine liquid viscosity by measurement of pres- { frik sh n ber i } sure drop through a friction tube with the liquid friction bonding [ENG] Soldering of a semicon- in viscous flow; gives direct solution to Poiseuil- ductor chip to a substrate by vibrating the chip le’s equation. { frikиshən tu¨ bvi ska¨mиədиər} back and forth under pressure to create friction friction welding [ENG] A welding process for that breaks up oxide layers and helps alloy the metals and thermoplastic materials in which two и ə и ŋ mating terminals. { frik sh n ba¨nd i } members are joined by rubbing the mating faces friction brake [MECH ENG] A brake in which the together under high pressure. { frikиshən и ə resistance is provided by friction. { frik sh n weldиiŋ } bra¯k} frigorie [THERMO] A unit of rate of extraction of friction calendering [ENG] Process wherein an heat used in refrigeration, equal to 1000 fifteen- elastomeric compound is forced into the inter- degree calories per hour, or 1.16264 Ϯ 0.00014 stices of woven or cord fabrics while passing watts. { frigиəиre¯ } и ə иə и between calender rolls. { frik sh n kal n frigorimeter [ENG] A thermometer which meas- driŋ } ures low temperatures. { frigиə rimиədиər} friction catch [DES ENG] A catch consisting of fringe howl [ENG ACOUS] Squeal or howl heard a spring and plunger contained in a casing. when some circuit in a receiver is on the verge { frikиshən kach } of oscillation. { frinj hau˙ l} friction clutch [MECH ENG] A clutch in which frit seal [ENG] A seal made by fusing together torque is transmitted by pressure of the clutch metallic powders with a glass binder, for such faces on each other. { frikиshən kləch } applications as hermetically sealing ceramic friction coefficient See coefficient of friction. packages for integrated circuits. { frit se¯l} { frikиshən ko¯ иi fishиənt } fritting [ENG] Fusing materials for glass by ap- friction damping [MECH] The conversion of the plication of heat. { fridиiŋ } mechanical vibrational energy of solids into heat frog [DES ENG] A hollow on one or both of the energy by causing one dry member to slide on larger faces of a brick or block; reduces weight another. { frikиshən dampиiŋ } of the brick or block; may be filled with mortar. friction drive [MECH ENG] A drive that operates Also known as panel. [ENG] A device which by the friction forces set up when one rotating permits the train or tram wheels on one rail
236
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. functional analysis
of a track to cross the rail of an intersecting constant and the temperature, and it approaches track. { fra¨g} the partial pressure as the total pressure of the from-to tester [ENG] Test equipment which gas approaches zero. { fyu¨ gasиədиe¯ } checks continuity or impedance between points. fugacity coefficient [THERMO] The ratio of the { ¦frəm tu¨ testиər } fugacity of a gas to its pressure. { fyu¨ gasиədиe¯ front-end loader [MECH ENG] An excavator ko¯ иə fishиənt } consisting of an articulated bucket mounted on fulchronograph [ENG] An instrument for re- a series of movable arms at the front of a crawler cording lightning strokes, consisting of a rotating or rubber-tired tractor. { ¦frənt ¦end lo¯ dиər } aluminum disk with several hundred steel fins front-end volatility [CHEM ENG] The volatility of on its rim; the fins are magnetized if they pass the lower-boiling fractions of gasoline, such as between two coils when these are carrying the butanes. { ¦frənt ¦end va¨lиə tilиədиe¯ } surge current of a lightning stroke. { fu˙ l kra¨nи front slagging [ENG] Skimming slag from the ə graf } mixture of slag and molten metal as it flows fulcrum [MECH] The rigid point of support through a taphole. { frənt slagиiŋ } about which a lever pivots. { fu˙ lиkrəm} frosting [ENG] Decorating a scraped metal sur- fulgurator [ENG] An atomizer used to spray salt face with a handscraper. Also known as flaking. solutions into a flame for analysis. { fu˙ lи { fro˙ stиiŋ } gə ra¯dиər} frost-point hygrometer [ENG] An instrument full adder [ELECTR] A logic element which oper- for measuring the frost point of the atmosphere; ates on two binary digits and a carry digit from air under test is passed continuously across a a preceding stage, producing as output a sum polished surface whose temperature is adjusted digit and a new carry digit. Also known as three- so that a thin deposit of frost is formed which input adder. { ¦fu˙ l adиər} is in equilibrium with the air. { fro˙ st po˙ int full-cell process [ENG] A process of preserva- hı¯ gra¨mиədиər } tive treatment of wood that uses a pressure ves- froth flotation [ENG] A process for recovery of sel and first draws a vacuum on the charge of particles of ore or other material, in which the wood and then introduces the preservative with- particles adhere to bubbles and can be removed out breaking the vacuum. Also known as Beth- as part of the froth. { ¦fro˙ th flo¯ ta¯иshən } ell process. { ¦fu˙ l ¦sel pra¨sиəs} frothing [ENG] The producing of relatively sta- full-face tunneling [CIV ENG] A system of tun- ble bubbles at an air-liquid interface as the result neling in which the tunnel opening is enlarged to of agitation, aeration, ebulliation, or chemical desired diameter before extension of the tunnel reaction; it can be an undesired side effect, but face. { fu˙ l fa¯s tənиəlиiŋ } in minerals beneficiation it is the basis of froth full-gear [MECH ENG] The condition of a steam flotation. { fro˙ иthiŋ } engine when the valve is operated to the maxi- ft-lb See foot-pound. mum extent by the link motion. { ¦fu˙ l gir } ft-lbf See foot-pound. full-mill [BUILD] A type of construction in which ft-pdl See foot-poundal. all vertical apertures open onto shafts of brick or fuel bed [MECH ENG] A layer of burning fuel, as other fireproof material; used for fire retardance. on a furnace grate or a cupola. { fyu¨ l bed } { ¦fu˙ l mil } fuel filter [ENG] A device, as in an internal com- full subtracter [ELECTR] A logic element which bustion engine, that removes particles from the operates on three binary input signals represent- fuel. { fyu¨ l filиtər } ing a minuend, subtrahend, and borrow digit, fuel injection [MECH ENG] The delivery of fuel producing as output a different digit and a new to an internal combustion engine cylinder by borrow digit. Also known as three-input sub- pressure from a mechanical pump. { fyu¨ lin tracter. { ¦fu˙ lsəb trakиtər} jekиshən} full-track vehicle [MECH ENG] A vehicle entirely fuel injector [MECH ENG] A pump mechanism supported, driven, and steered by an endless that sprays fuel into the cylinder of an internal belt, or track, on each side; for example, a tank. combustion engine at the appropriate part of { fu˙ l trak ve¯иəиkəl} the cycle. { fyu¨ lin jekиtər} full trailer [MECH ENG] A towed vehicle whose fuel pump [MECH ENG] A pump for drawing fuel weight rests completely on its own wheels. from a storage tank and delivering it to an engine { ¦fu˙ l tra¯lиər} or furnace. { fyu¨ l pəmp } fumble [IND ENG] An unintentional sensory- fuel system [MECH ENG] A system which stores motor error that may be unavoidable. { fəmи fuel for present use and delivers it as needed. bəl} { fyu¨ l sisиtəm} fumigating [ENG] The use of a chemical com- fuel tank [MECH ENG] The operating, fuel-stor- pound in a gaseous state to kill insects, nema- age component of a fuel system. { fyu¨ l taŋk } todes, arachnids, rodents, weeds, and fungi in fugacity [THERMO] A function used as an ana- confined or inaccessible locations; also used to log of the partial pressure in applying thermody- control weeds, nematodes, and insects in the namics to real systems; at a constant tempera- field. { fyu¨ иmə ga¯dиiŋ } ture it is proportional to the exponential of the funal See sthe`ne. { fyu¨ nиəl} ratio of the chemical potential of a constituent functional analysis [SYS ENG] A part of the de- of a system divided by the product of the gas sign process that addresses the activities that a
237
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. functional analysis diagram
system, software, or organization must perform that sometimes holds a filter; the function is to to achieve its desired outputs, that is, the trans- direct flow of a liquid or, if a filter is present, to formations necessary to turn available inputs direct a flow that was filtered. { fənиəl} into the desired outputs. { ¦ fəŋkиshənиəl ə nalи funnel-flow bin [ENG] A bin in which solid flows əиsəs} toward the outlet in a channel that forms within functional analysis diagram [SYS ENG] A repre- stagnant material. { fənиəl ¦flo¯ bin } sentation of functional analysis and, in particu- furfural extraction [CHEM ENG] Process for the lar, the transformations necessary to turn avail- refining of lubricating oils and other organic able inputs into the desired outputs, the flow of materials by contact with furfural. { fərиfə ral data or items between functions, the processing ik strakиshən} instructions that are available to guide the trans- furlong [MECH] A unit of length, equal to 1/8 formation, and the control logic that dictates the mile, 660 feet, or 201.168 meters. { fər lo˙ ŋ } ¦ əŋ и activation and termination of functions. { f k furnace [ENG] An apparatus in which heat is ə иə ə иəи ə иə sh n l nal s s dı¯ gram } liberated and transferred directly or indirectly to functional decomposition [CONT SYS] The par- a solid or fluid mass for the purpose of effecting titioning of a large-scale control system into a a physical or chemical change. { fərиnəs} nested set of generic control functions, namely furnace lining [ENG] The interior part of a fur- the regulatory or direct control function, the opti- nace in contact with a molten charge and hot mizing control function, the adaptive control gases; constructed of heat-resistant material. function, and the self-organizing function. { fərиnəs lı¯nиiŋ } { fəŋkиshənиəlde¯ ka¨mиpə zishиən} furnish [CHEM ENG] In papermaking, the raw functional design [SYS ENG] The aspect of sys- materials placed in a beater for producing paper tem design concerned with the system’s objec- pulp. { fərиnish } tives and functions, rather than its specific com- furred ceiling [BUILD] A ceiling in which the fur- ponents. { fəŋkиshənиəldi zı¯n} ring units are attached directly to the structural functional forms analysis chart See form process units of the building. { ¦fərd se¯иliŋ } chart. { fəŋkиshənиəl fo¯ rmz ə nalиəиsəs cha¨rt } furring [BUILD] Thin strips of wood or metal fas- function failure safety [ENG] The capability of tened to joists, studs, ceilings, or inner walls of an electronic-mass measuring instrument to withhold the release of an incorrect measure- a building to provide a level surface or air space ment when there is a function failure. { fəŋkи over which the finished surface can be applied. Also known as batten; furring strip. { fərиiŋ } shən ¦fa¯lyər sa¯fиte¯ } furring strip See furring. { fərиiŋ strip } fundamental interval [THERMO] 1. The value ar- furrow [ENG] A trench plowed in the ground. bitrarily assigned to the difference in tempera- ə и ture between two fixed points (such as the ice { f r o¯ } point and steam point) on a temperature scale, fuse [ELEC] An expendable device for opening in order to define the scale. 2. The difference an electric circuit when the current therein be- between the values recorded by a thermometer comes excessive, containing a section of conduc- at two fixed points; for example, the difference tor which melts when the current through it ex- between the resistances recorded by a resistance ceeds a rated value for a definite period of time. thermometer at the ice point and steam point. Also known as electric fuse. [ENG] Also { ¦fənиdə¦menиtəl intиərиvəl} spelled fuze. 1. A device with explosive compo- fundamental motion See elemental motion. nents designed to initiate a train of fire or deto- { ¦fənиdə¦mentиəl mo¯ иshən} nation in an item of ammunition by an action fungible [CHEM ENG] Pertaining to petroleum such as hydrostatic pressure, electrical energy, products whose characteristics are so similar chemical energy, impact, or a combination of they can be commingled. { fənиjəиbəl} these. 2. A nonexplosive device designed to fungi-proofing [ENG] Application of a protec- initiate an explosion in an item of ammunition tive chemical coating that inhibits growth of by an action such as continuous or pulsating fungi. { fən jı¯ pru˙ fиiŋ } electromagnetic waves or acceleration. { fyu¨ z} funicular See funicular railroad. { fə nikиyəиlər} fuse blasting cap [ENG] A small copper cylinder funicular polygon [MECH] 1. The figure formed closed at one end and charged with a fulminate. by a light string hung between two points from { ¦fyu¨ z blastиiŋ kap } which weights are suspended at various points. fuse body [ENG] The part of a fuse contributing 2. A force diagram for such a string, in which the the major portion of the total weight, and which forces (weights and tensions) acting on points houses the majority of the functioning parts, and of the string from which weights are suspended to which smaller parts are attached. { fyu¨ z are represented by a series of adjacent triangles. ba¨dиe¯ } {fə nikиyəиlər pa¨lиə ga¨n} fuse diode [ELECTR] A diode that opens under funicular railroad [ENG] A railroad system used specified current surge conditions. { fyu¨ z primarily to ascend and descend mountains; the dı¯ o¯ d} weight of the descending train helps to move fused junction See alloy junction. { ¦fu¨ zd jəŋkи the ascending train up the mountain. Also shən} known as funicular. { fə nikиyəиlər ra¯l ro¯ d} fused-junction diode See alloy-junction diode. funnel [DES ENG] A tube with one conical end { ¦fyu¨ zd ¦jəŋkиshən dı¯ o¯ d}
238
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. fuzzy system
fused-junction transistor See alloy-junction tran- fusion piercing [ENG] A method of producing sistor. { ¦fyu¨ zd ¦jəŋkиshən tran zisиtər} vertical blastholes by virtually burning holes in fused semiconductor [ELECTR] Junction rock. Also known as piercing. { fyu¨ иzhən formed by recrystallization on a base crystal from pirиsiŋ } a liquid phase of one or more components and fusion-piercing drill [ENG] A machine designed the semiconductor. { ¦fyu¨ zd semиiиkən dəkи to use the fusion-piercing mode of producing tər } holes in rock. Also known as det drill; jet-pierc- fuse gage [ENG] An instrument for slicing time ing drill; Linde drill. { fyu¨ иzhən pirsиiŋ dril } fuses to length. { fyu¨ z ga¯j} fuzzy controller [CONT SYS] An automatic con- fusehead [ENG] That part of an electric detona- troller in which the relation between the state tor consisting of twin metal conductors, bridged variables of the process under control and the by fine resistance wire, and surrounded by a bead action variables, whose values are computed of igniting compound which burns when the fir- from observations of the state variables, is given ing current is passed through the bridge wire. as a set of fuzzy implications or as a fuzzy rela- { fyu¨ z hed } tion. { ¦fəzиe¯ kən tro¯ lиər} fuse lighter [ENG] A device for facilitating the fuzzy system [SYS ENG] A process that is too ignition of the powder core of a fuse. { fyu¨ z complex to be modeled by using conventional lı¯dиər} mathematical methods, and that gives rise to fusibility [THERMO] The quality or degree of be- data that are, in general, soft, with no precise ing capable of being liquefied by heat. { fyu¨ и boundaries; examples are large-scale engi- zə bilиədиe¯ } neering complex systems, social systems, eco- fusible plug See safety plug. { ¦fyu¨ иzəиbəl pləg} nomic systems, management systems, medical fusing disk [MECH ENG] A rapidly spinning disk diagnostic processes, and human perception. that cuts metal by melting it. { fyu¨ zиiŋ disk } { ¦fəzиe¯ sisиtəm}
239
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. This page intentionally left blank.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. G
g See gram. a part in a jig, fixture, or qualifying gage. G [ELEC] See conductance. [MECH] A unit of { ga¯j po˙ int } acceleration equal to the standard acceleration gage pressure [MECH ENG] The amount by of gravity, 9.80665 meters per second per second, which the total absolute pressure exceeds the or approximately 32.1740 feet per second per ambient atmospheric pressure. { ga¯j preshи second. Also known as fors; grav. ər} GaAs FET See gallium arsenide field-effect transis- gaging hatch [ENG] An opening in a tank or tor. { gas fet } other vessel through which measuring and sam- gabion [ENG] A bottomless basket of wicker- pling can be performed. { ga¯jиiŋ hach } work or metal iron filled with earth or stones; gaging tape [ENG] A metal measuring tape used in building fieldworks or as revetments in used to determine the depth of liquid in a tank. mining. Also known as pannier. { ga¯иbe¯иən} { ga¯jиiŋ ta¯p} gableboard See vergeboard. { ga¯иbəl bo˙ rd } gain [ELECTR] The increase in signal power that Gabor trolley [ENG] A small three-wheel trolley is produced by an amplifier; usually given as with knife-edge wheels, used in constructing tra- the ratio of output to input voltage, current, or jectories of charged particles in an electric field. power, expressed in decibels. Also known as { ga¨ bo˙ r tra¨иle¯ } transmission gain. [ENG] A cavity in a piece gage Also spelled gauge. [CIV ENG] The dis- of wood prepared by notching or mortising so tance between the inner faces of the rails of that a hinge or other hardware or another piece railway track; standard gage in the United States of wood can be placed on the cavity. { ga¯n} gain asymptotes CONT SYS Asymptotes to a is 4 feet 81/ inches (1.44 meters). [DES [ ] 2 logarithmic graph of gain as a function of fre- ENG] 1. A device for determining the relative quency. { gan asиəm tots } shape or size of an object. 2. The thickness ¯ ¯ gain-crossover frequency [CONT SYS] The fre- of a metal sheet, a rod, or a wire. [ENG] The quency at which the magnitude of the loop ratio minimum sieve size through which most (95% is unity. { ¦ga¯n ¦kro˙ s o¯ иvər fre¯иkwənиse¯ } or more) of an aggregate will pass. { ga¯j} gain margin [CONT SYS] The reciprocal of the gage block [DES ENG] A chrome steel block magnitude of the loop ratio at the phase cross- having two flat, parallel surfaces with the parallel over frequency, frequently expressed in decibels. distance between them being the size marked { ga¯n ma¨rиjən} on the block to a guaranteed accuracy of a few gain scheduling [CONT SYS] A method of elimi- millionths of an inch; used as the standard of nating influences of variations in the process precise lineal measurement for most manufac- dynamics of a control system by changing the turing processes. Also known as precision parameters of the regulator as functions of auxil- block; size block. { ga¯j bla¨k} iary variables which correlate well with those gage cock [ENG] A valve located on a water dynamics. { ga¯n skejиəиliŋ } column of a boiler drum. { ga¯j ka¨k} gal [MECH] 1. The unit of acceleration in the gage glass [ENG] A glass, plastic, or metal centimeter-gram-second system, equal to 1 cen- tube, usually equipped with shutoff valves, that timeter per second squared; commonly used in is connected by a suitable fitting to a tank or geodetic measurement. Formerly known as gali- vessel, for the measurement of liquid level. leo. Symbolized Gal. 2. See gallon. { gal } { ga¯j glas } Gal See gal. { gal } gage length [ENG] Original length of the por- Galilean transformation [MECH] A mathemati- tion of a specimen measured for strain, length cal transformation used to relate the space and changes, and other characteristics. { ga¯j time variables of two uniformly moving (inertial) leŋkth } reference systems in nonrelativistic kinematics. gage plate [CIV ENG] A plate inserted between { galиə¦le¯иən tranzиfər ma¯иshən} the parallel rails of a railroad track to maintain galileo See gal. { galиə le¯иo¯ } the gage. { ga¯j pla¯t} Galileo’s law of inertia See Newton’s first law. gage point [DES ENG] A point used to position { galиə le¯иo¯ z ¦lo˙ əvi nərиshə }
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Galitzin pendulum
Galitzin pendulum [MECH] A massive horizon- gamma camera [ENG] An instrument con- tal pendulum that is used to measure variations sisting of a large, thin scintillation crystal or array in the direction of the force of gravity with time, of photomultiplier tubes, a multichannel colli- and thus serves as the basis of a seismograph. mator, and circuitry to analyze the pulses pro- {ga¨¦litиsən penиjəиləm } duced by the photomultipliers; used to visualize galley [ENG] The kitchen of a ship, airplane, or the distribution of radioactive compounds in the trailer. { galиe¯ } human body. { gamиə kamиrə } gallium arsenide field-effect transistor [ELECTR] gamma counter [ENG] A device for detecting A field-effect transistor in which current between gamma radiation, primarily through the detec- the ohmic source and drain contacts is carried tion of fast electrons produced by the gamma by free electrons in a channel consisting of n- rays; it either yields information about integrated type gallium arsenide, and this current is modu- intensity within a time interval or detects each lated by a Schottky-barrier rectifying contact photon separately. { gamиə kau˙ ntиər} called the gate that varies the cross-sectional gamma logging [ENG] Obtaining, by means of area of the channel. Abbreviated GaAs FET. a gamma-ray probe, a record of the intensities { galиe¯иəm a¨rsиən ¯ıd fe¯ld i¦fekt tran zisиtər} of gamma rays emitted by the rock strata pene- gallon [MECH] Abbreviated gal. 1. A unit of trated by a borehole. { gamиə la¨gиiŋ } volume used in the United States for measure- gamma-ray altimeter [ENG] An altimeter, used ment of liquid substances, equal to 231 cubic at altitudes under several hundred feet, that inches, or to 3.785 411 784 ϫ 10Ϫ3 cubic meter, measures the photon backscatter from the earth or to 3.785 411 784 liters; equal to 128 fluid resulting from the transmission of photons to ounces. 2. A unit of volume used in the United earth from a cobalt-60 gamma source in the Kingdom for measurement of liquid and solid plane. { gamиə ra¯ al timиədиər} substances, usually the former; equal to 4.54609 gamma-ray detector [ENG] An instrument that ϫ 10Ϫ3 cubic meter, or to 4.54609 liters; equal registers the presence of gamma rays. { gamи to 160 fluid ounces. Also known as imperial ə ra¯ di tekиtər} gallon. { galиən} gamma-ray level indicator [ENG] A level indica- Galton whistle [ENG ACOUS] A short cylindrical tor in which the rising level of the liquid or other pipe with an annular nozzle, which is set into material reduces the amount of radiation pass- resonant vibration in order to generate ultra- ing from a gamma-ray source through the con- sonic sound waves. { go˙ lиtən wisиəl } tainer to a Geiger counter or other radiation de- galvanic [ELEC] Pertaining to electricity flowing tector. { gamиə ra¯ ¦levиəl inиdə ka¯dиər} as a result of chemical action. { gal vanиik } gamma-ray probe [ENG] A gamma-ray counter galvanic battery [ELEC] A galvanic cell, or two built into a watertight case small enough to be or more such cells electrically connected to pro- lowered into a borehole. { gamиə ra¯ pro¯ b} duce energy. { gal vanиik badиəиre¯ } gamma-ray tracking [ENG] Use of three galvanic cell [ELEC] An electrolytic cell that is tracking stations, located at the three corners of capable of producing electric energy by electro- a triangle centered on a missile about to be chemical action. { gal vanиik sel } launched, to obtain accurate azimuthal tracking galvanic couple [ELEC] A pair of unlike sub- of a cobalt-60 gamma source in the tail. stances, such as metals, which generate a volt- { gramиə ra¯ trakиiŋ } age when brought in contact with an electrolyte. gamma-ray well logging [ENG] Measurement { gal vanиik kəpиəl } of gamma-ray intensity versus depth down the galvanic current [ELEC] A steady direct current. wellbore; used to identify rock strata, their posi- { gal vanиik kəиrənt } tion, and their thicknesses. { gamиə ra¯ wel galvanometer [ENG] An instrument for indicat- la¨gиiŋ } ing or measuring a small electric current by gammeter [ENG] A template fashioned of trans- means of a mechanical motion derived from parent material and marked with a calibrated electromagnetic or electrodynamic forces pro- scale; when positioned on a sensitometric curve duced by the current. { galиvə na¨mиədиər} it is used to determine the slope of the straight- galvanometer recorder [ENG ACOUS] A sound line portion. { ga me¯dиər} recorder in which the audio signal voltage is gang [ELEC] A mechanical connection of two or applied to a coil suspended in a magnetic field; more circuit devices so that they can be varied the resulting movements of the coil cause a tiny at the same time. { gaŋ } attached mirror to move a reflected light beam gang chart [IND ENG] A multiple-activity proc- back and forth across a slit in front of a moving ess chart used for groups of men on materials- photographic film. { galиvə na¨mиədиərri ko˙ rdи handling operations. { gaŋ cha¨rt } ər} gang drill [MECH ENG] A set of drills operated gambrel roof [BUILD] A roof with two sloping together in the same machine; used in rock dril- sides stepped at different angles on each side ling. { gaŋ dril } of the center ridge; the lower slope is steeper gang milling [ENG] Rolling of material by than the upper slope. { gamиbrəl ru¨ f} means of a composite machine with numerous Ϫ gamma [MECH] A unit of mass equal to 10 6 cutting blades. { gaŋ milиiŋ } Ϫ gram or 10 9 kilogram. { gamиə } gang saw [MECH ENG] A steel frame in which
242
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. GasFET
thin, parallel saws are arranged to operate simul- material and designed for insertion into a pipe- taneously in cutting logs. { gaŋ so˙ } line followed by inflation to halt the flow of gas. gantlet [CIV ENG] A stretch of overlapping rail- { gas bag } road track, with one rail of one track being be- gas bearing [MECH ENG] A journal or thrust tween the two rails of another track; used over bearing lubricated with gas. Also known as gas- narrow bridges and passes. { go˙ ntиlət} lubricated bearing. { gas berиiŋ } gantry [ENG] A frame erected on side supports gas burner [ENG] A hole or a group of holes so as to span an area and support and hoist through which a combustible gas or gas-air mix- ə и ə machinery and heavy materials. { ganиtre¯ } ture flows and burns. { gas b r n r} gantry crane [MECH ENG] A bridgelike hoisting gas cleaning [ENG] Removing ingredients, pol- lutants, or contaminants from domestic and in- machine having fixed supports or arranged for и ŋ running along tracks on ground level. { ganи dustrial gases. { gas kle¯n i } gas-compression cycle [MECH ENG] A refriger- tre¯ kra¯n} ation cycle in which hot, compressed gas is gantry-type robot CONT SYS A continuous- [ ] cooled in a heat exchanger, then passes into a path, Cartesian-coordinate robot constructed in gas expander which provides an exhaust stream a bridge shape that uses rails to move along of cold gas to another heat exchanger that han- a single horizontal axis or along either of two dles the sensible-heat refrigeration effect and и ¦ perpendicular horizontal axes. { gan tre¯ tı¯p exhausts the gas to the compressor. { ¦gas ro¯ ba¨t} kəm¦preshиən sı¯иkəl} Gantt chart [IND ENG] In production planning gas compressor [MECH ENG] A machine that and control, a type of bar chart depicting the increases the pressure of a gas or vapor by in- work planned and done in relation to time; each creasing the gas density and delivering the fluid division of space represents both a time interval against the connected system resistance. { gas and the amount of work to be done during that kəm presиər} interval. { gant cha¨rt } gas constant [THERMO] The constant of pro- Gantt task and bonus plan [IND ENG] A wage portionality appearing in the equation of state incentive plan in which high task efficiency is of an ideal gas, equal to the pressure of the gas maintained by providing a percentage bonus as times its molar volume divided by its tempera- a reward for production in excess of standard. ture. Also known as gas-law constant; universal { gant ¦task ən bo¯ иnəs plan } gas constant. { gas ka¨nиstənt } gap [ELEC] The spacing between two electric gas cycle [THERMO] A sequence in which a gas- contacts. { gap } eous fluid undergoes a series of thermodynamic gap-filler radar [ENG] Radar used to fill gaps in phases, ultimately returning to its original state. radar coverage of other radar. { gap filиər { gas sı¯иkəl} ra¯ da¨r} gas cylinder [MECH ENG] The chamber in which gap-framepress [MECH ENG] A punch press a piston moves in a positive displacement en- whose frame is open at bed level so that wide gine or compressor. { gas silиənиdər} work or strip work can be inserted. { ¦ga¯p gas dehydrator [CHEM ENG] A device or system fra¯m pres } to remove moisture vapor from a gas stream, gap lathe [MECH ENG] An engine lathe with a usually incorporates desiccant-type packed иə sliding bed providing enough space for turning towers. { gas de¯ hı¯ dra¯d r} large-diameter work. { gap lath } gas-deviation factor See compressibility factor. ¯ ¦ и и ə и ə gap scanning [ENG] In ultrasonic testing, a { gas de¯ ve¯ a¯ sh n fak t r} coupling technique in which a sound beam is gas engine [MECH ENG] An internal combus- tion engine that uses gaseous fuel. { gas projected through a short fluid column that flows и ə through a nozzle on an ultrasonic search unit. en j n} { gap skanиiŋ } gaseous conduction analyzer [ENG] A device to detect organic vapors in air by measuring the garnet hinge [DES ENG] A hinge with a vertical change in current that flows between a heated bar and horizontal strap. { ga¨rиnət hinj } platinum anode and a concentric platinum cath- garret BUILD The part of a house just under [ ] ode. { ¦gashиəskən¦dəkиshən anиə lı¯zиər} the roof. { garиət} gaseous diffusion [CHEM ENG] 1. Pressure-in- garter spring [DES ENG] A closed ring formed иə ŋ duced free-molecular transfer of gas through mi- of helically wound wire. { ga¨rd r spri } croporous barriers as in the process of making gas absorption operation [CHEM ENG] The re- fissionable fuel. 2. Selective solubility diffu- covery of solute gases present in gaseous mix- sion of gas through nonporous polymers by ab- tures of noncondensables; this recovery is gener- sorption and solution of the gas in the polymer ally achieved by contacting the gas stream with matrix. { ¦gashиəsdi fyu¨ иzhən} a liquid that offers specific or selective solubility gas etching [ENG] The removal of material from for the solute gas to be recovered, or with an a semiconductor circuit by reaction with a gas adsorbent (for example, synthetic or natural zeo- that forms a volatile compound. { gas echиiŋ } lite) that accepts only specific molecule sizes or GasFET [ENG] A gas sensor based on changes, shapes. { gas əb so˙ rpиshən a¨pиə ra¯иshən} upon exposure to hydrogen, in the surface part gas bag [ENG] A bag made of gas-impermeable of the work function of a palladium component
243
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. gas-filled thermometer
that serves as the gate contact of a metal oxide a filter and a bed of adsorbent material. semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOS- { gas mask } FET). { gas fet } gas meter [ENG] An instrument for measuring gas-filled thermometer [ENG] A thermometer and recording the amount of gas flow through a which uses a gas (usually nitrogen or hydrogen), pipe. { gas me¯dиər} that approximately follows the ideal gas law. gasoline engine [MECH ENG] An internal com- { gas fild thər ma¨mиədиər} bustion engine that uses a mixture of air and gas filter [CHEM ENG] A device used to remove gasoline vapor as a fuel. { gasиə le¯n enиjən} liquid or solid particles from a flowing gas gasoline pump [MECH ENG] A device that stream. { gas filиtər} pumps and measures the gasoline supplied to gas furnace [ENG] An enclosure in which a gas- a motor vehicle, as at a filling station. { gasи eous fuel is burned. { gas fərиnəs} ə le¯n pəmp } gas generator [CHEM ENG] A chemical plant for gasometer [ENG] A piece of equipment that producing gas from coal, for example, water holds and measures gas; may be used in analyti- gas. [MECH ENG] An apparatus that supplies cal chemistry to measure the quantity of gas иə иə a high-pressure gas flow to drive compressors, evolved in a reaction. { ga sa¨m d r} airscrews, and other machines. { gas jenиə gas packing [IND ENG] Packing a material such ra¯dиər} as food in an atmosphere consisting of an oxy- gen-free gas. { gas pakиiŋ } gas heater [MECH ENG] A unit heater designed to supply heat by forced convection, using gas gas pliers [DES ENG] Pliers for gripping round objects such as pipes, tubes, and circular rods. as a heat source. { gas he¯dиər} { gas plı¯иərz } gas holder [ENG] Gas storage container with vertically free top section that moves up or down gas producer [CHEM ENG] A device for com- plete gasification of coal by utilizing simultane- to adjust to the volume of gas held. { gas ously the air and water-gas reactions. { gas ho¯ lиdər} prə du¨ sиər} gas hole [ENG] A cavity formed in a casting as gas reversion [CHEM ENG] A process which a result of cavitation. { gas hol} ¯ combines thermal cracking or reforming of naph- gasification CHEM ENG Any chemical or heat [ ] tha with thermal polymerization or alkylation of process used to convert a substance to a gas; hydrocarbon gases carried out in the same reac- coal is converted by the Hygas process to a gas- tion zone. { gas ri vərиzhən} eous fuel. { gasиəиfə ka¯иshən} gas scrubbing [CHEM ENG] Removal of gas- gasifier [CHEM ENG] A unit for producing gas, eous or liquid impurities from a gas by the action particularly synthesis gas from coal. { gasи ə иə of a liquid; the gas is contacted with the liquid fı¯ r} which removes the impurities by dissolving or gas injection [MECH ENG] Injection of gaseous by chemical combination. { gas skrəbиiŋ } fuel into the cylinder of an internal combustion gas seal [ENG] A seal which prevents gas from engine at the appropriate part of the cycle. и ə leaking to or from a machine along a shaft. { gas in jek sh n} { gas se¯l} gasket [ENG] A packing made of deformable gassing [ELEC] The evolution of gas in the form material, usually in the form of a sheet or ring, of small bubbles in a storage battery when charg- used to make a pressure-tight joint between sta- ing continues after the battery has been com- tionary parts. Also known as static seal. pletely charged. [ENG] 1. Absorption of gas и { gas git } by a material. 2. Formation of gas pockets in gas law [THERMO] Any law relating the pres- a material. 3. Evolution of gas from a material sure, volume, and temperature of a gas. during a process or procedure. { gasиiŋ } { gas lo˙ } gas tank [ENG] A tank for storing gas or gaso- gas-law constant See gas constant. { gas lo˙ line. { gas taŋk} и ə ka¨n st nt } gas thermometer [ENG] A device to measure gas lift [CHEM ENG] Solids movement opera- temperature by measuring the pressure exerted tion in which an upward-flowing gas stream in by a definite amount of gas enclosed in a con- a closed conduit or vessel is used to lift and stant volume; the gas (preferably hydrogen or move powdered or granular solid material. helium) is enclosed in a glass or fused-quartz { gas lift } bulb connected to a mercury manometer. Also gas making [CHEM ENG] Making water gas or known as constant-volume gas thermometer. air gas by the action of steam and air upon hot { ¦gas thər ma¨mиədиər} coke. { gas ma¯kиiŋ } gas thermometry [ENG] Measurement of tem- gas manometer [ENG] A gage for determining peratures with a gas thermometer; used with the difference in pressure of two gases, usually helium down to about 1 K. { ¦gas thər ma¨mи by measuring the difference in height of liquid əиtre¯ } columns in the two sides of a U-tube. { ¦gas gas trap [CIV ENG] A bend or chamber in a drain mə na¨mиədиər} or sewer pipe that prevents sewer gas from es- gas mask [ENG] A device to protect the eyes caping. { gas trap } and respiratory tract from noxious gases, vapors, gas-treating system [CHEM ENG] A process and aerosols, by removing contamination with system to remove nonhydrocarbon impurities
244
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. gear drive
(such as water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, or carbon high-quality glass to be taken from the center. dioxide) from wellhead gas. { gas tre¯dиiŋ { gathиəиriŋ riŋ } sisиtəm} gating [ELECTR] The process of selecting those gas-tube boiler See waste-heat boiler. { gas portions of a wave that exist during one or more tu¨ b bo˙ ilər} selected time intervals or that have magnitudes gas turbine [MECH ENG] A heat engine that between selected limits. [ENG] A network of converts the energy of fuel into work by using connecting channels, including sprues, runners, compressed, hot gas as the working medium and gates, and cavities, which conduct molten metal that usually delivers its mechanical output to the mold. { ga¯dиiŋ } power either as torque through a rotating shaft gating waveform See gate. { ¦ga¯dиiŋ wa¯v fo˙ rm } (industrial gas turbines) or as jet power in the Gaussian weighing method [ENG] A method form of velocity through an exhaust nozzle (air- used to determine the accuracy of equal-arm craft jet engines). Also known as combustion balances and to test standard weights in which turbine. { gas tərиbən} the sample is placed on one pan and the compar- gas-turbine nozzle [MECH ENG] The compo- ative weights on the other, and then the weights и nent of a gas turbine in which the hot, high- are interchanged in a second weighing. { gau˙ s иə и ŋ иə pressure gas expands and accelerates to high e¯ n wa¯ i meth d} velocity. { gas tərиbən na¨zиəl} gaussmeter [ENG] A magnetometer whose scale is graduated in gauss or kilogauss, and gas valve [ENG] An exhaust valve, held shut by usually measures only the intensity, and not the rubber springs, used to discharge gas from the и extreme top of a balloon. { gas valv } direction, of the magnetic field. { gau˙ s me¯d ər} gas vent [ENG] A pipe or hole that allows gas to pass off. { gas vent } Gauss method of weighing See double weighing. { ¦gau˙ s ¦methиəd əv wa¯иiŋ } gate [CIV ENG] A movable barrier across an Gauss’ principle of least constraint MECH opening in a large barrier, a fence, or a wall. [ ] The principle that the motion of a system of [ELECTR] 1. A circuit having an output and a interconnected material points subjected to any multiplicity of inputs and so designed that the influence is such as to minimize the constraint output is energized only when a certain combina- on the system; here the constraint, during an tion of pulses is present at the inputs. 2. A infinitesimal period of time, is the sum over the circuit in which one signal, generally a square points of the product of the mass of the point wave, serves to switch another signal on and times the square of its deviation from the posi- off. 3. One of the electrodes in a field-effect tion it would have occupied at the end of the transistor. 4. An output element of a cryotron. time period if it had not been connected to other 5. To control the passage of a pulse or signal. points. { gau˙ s prinиsəиpəl əv ¦le¯st kən stra¯nt } 6. In radar, an electric waveform which is applied Gay-Lussac’s second law [THERMO] The law to the control point of a circuit to alter the mode that the internal energy of an ideal gas is inde- of operation of the circuit at the time when the pendent of its volume. { ga¯иlu˙ sa¨ks sekиənd waveform is applied. Also known as gating lo˙ } waveform. [ENG] 1. A device, such as a valve Gay-Lussac tower [CHEM ENG] A component or door, for controlling the passage of materials part in the chamber process for sulfuric acid pro- through a pipe, channel, or other passageway. duction that absorbs nitrogen oxides to form 2. A device for positioning the film in a camera, nitrous vitriol. { gaиlu˙ sa¨k tau˙ иər} printer, or projector. { ga¯t} g-cal See calorie. { je¯ kal } gate-array device [ELECTR] An integrated logic g-cm See gram-centimeter. circuit that is manufactured by first fabricating gear [DES ENG] A toothed machine element a two-dimensional array of logic cells, each of used to transmit motion between rotating shafts which is equivalent to one or a few logic gates, when the center distance of the shafts is not too and then adding final layers of metallization that large. [MECH ENG] 1. A mechanism per- determine the exact function of each cell and forming a specific function in a machine. 2. An interconnect the cells to form a specific network adjustment device of the transmission in a motor when the customer orders the device. { ga¯t vehicle which determines mechanical advantage, ə ra¯ di vı¯s} relative speed, and direction of travel. { gir } Gates crusher [MECH ENG] A gyratory crusher gear case [MECH ENG] An enclosure, usually which has a cone or mantle that is moved eccen- filled with lubricating fluid, in which gears oper- trically by the lower bearing sleeve. { ga¯ts ate. { gir ka¯s} krəshиər} gear cutter [MECH ENG] A machine or tool for gate valve [MECH ENG] A valve with a disk- cutting teeth in a gear. { gir kədиər} shaped closing element that fits tightly over an gear cutting [MECH ENG] The cutting or form- opening through which water passes. { ga¯t ing of a uniform series of toothlike projections valv } on the surface of a workpiece. { gir kədиiŋ } gathering iron [ENG] A rod used to collect mol- gear down [MECH ENG] To arrange gears so the ten glass for glassblowing. { gathиəиriŋ ¯ıиərn } driven part rotates at a slower speed than the gathering ring [ENG] A clay ring placed on mol- driving part. { ¦gir dau˙ n} ten glass to collect impurities and thus permit gear drive [MECH ENG] Transmission of motion
245
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. geared turbine
or torque from one shaft to another by means complementary projections on another wheel to of direct contact between toothed wheels. transmit force and motion. { gir te¯th } { gir drı¯v} gear train [MECH ENG] A combination of two or geared turbine [MECH ENG] A turbine con- more gears used to transmit motion between nected to a set of reduction gears. { ¦gird two rotating shafts or between a shaft and a tərиbən} slide. { gir tra¯n} gear forming [MECH ENG] A method of gear gear up [MECH ENG] To arrange gears so that cutting in which the desired tooth shape is pro- the driven part rotates faster than the driving duced by a tool whose cutting profile matches part. { ¦gir əp} the tooth form. { gir fo˙ rиmiŋ } gear wheel [MECH ENG] A wheel that meshes gear generating [MECH ENG] A method of gear gear teeth with another part. { gir we¯l} cutting in which the tooth is produced by the geepound See slug. { je¯ pau¨ nd } conjugate or total cutting action of the tool plus Geiger-Mu¨ller probe [ENG] A Geiger-Mu¨ ller the rotation of the workpiece. { gir jenиə counter in a watertight container, lowered into ra¯dиiŋ } a borehole to log the intensity of the gamma rays gear grinding [MECH ENG] A gear-cutting emitted by radioactive substances in traversed method in which gears are shaped by formed rock. Also known as electronic logger; Geiger probe. { ¦gı¯иgər myu¨ lиər pro¯ b} grinding wheels and by generation; primarily a и ə finishing operation. { gir grı¯ndиiŋ } Geiger probe See Geiger-Mu¨ ller probe. { gı¯ g r prob} gear hobber [MECH ENG] A machine that mills ¯ gear teeth; the rotational speed of the hob has Geissler pump [ENG] A type of air pump that a precise relationship to that of the work. { gir uses the principle of the Torricellian vacuum, and in which the vacuum is produced by the flow ha¨bиər} of mercury back and forth between a vertically gearing [MECH ENG] A set of gear wheels. adjustable and a fixed reservoir. { gı¯sиlər { girиiŋ } pəmp } gearing chain [MECH ENG] A continuous chain gelatinize [ENG] To coat or treat with a solution used to transmit motion from one toothed of gelatin. { jə latиən ¯ız} wheel, or sprocket, to another. { girиiŋ cha¯n} gelation time [CHEM ENG] In the manufacture gearless traction [MECH ENG] Direct drive, ¦ и ə и ə of a thermosetting resin, the time interval be- without reduction gears. { gir l s trak sh n} tween the addition of the catalyst into a liquid gear level [MECH ENG] To arrange gears so that adhesive system and the formation of a gel. the driven part and driving part turn at the same ə и ə иə {j la¯ sh n tı¯m} speed. { gir lev l} GEM See air-cushion vehicle. gear loading MECH ENG The power transmit- [ ] gender [ELEC] The classification of a connector ted or the contact force per unit length of a gear. и ə и ŋ as female or male. { jen d r} { gir lo¯ d i } gender changer [ELEC] A small passive device gear meter [ENG] A type of positive-displace- that is placed between two connectors of the ment fluid quantity meter in which the rotating same gender to enable them to be joined. Also elements are two meshing gear wheels. { gir known as cable matcher. { jenиdər chanиjər} иə ¯ me¯d r} generalized coordinates [MECH] A set of vari- gearmotor [MECH ENG] A motor combined with ables used to specify the position and orienta- иə a set of speed-reducing gears. { gir mo¯ d r} tion of a system, in principle defined in terms gear pump [MECH ENG] A rotary pump in which of Cartesian coordinates of the system’s particles two meshing gear wheels contrarotate so that and of the time in some convenient manner; the the fluid is entrained on one side and discharged number of such coordinates equals the number on the other. { gir pəmp } of degrees of freedom of the system Also known gear ratio [MECH ENG] The ratio of the angular as Lagrangian coordinates. { jenиrə lı¯zd ko¯ speed of the driving member of a gear train or o˙ rdиənиəts } similar mechanism to that of the driven member; generalized force [MECH] The generalized specifically, the number of revolutions made by force corresponding to a generalized coordinate the engine per revolution of the rear wheels of is the ratio of the virtual work done in an infini- an automobile. { gir ra¯иsho¯ } tesimal virtual displacement, which alters that gear shaper [MECH ENG] A machine that makes coordinate and no other, to the change in the gear teeth by means of a reciprocating cutter that coordinate. { jenиrə lı¯zd fo˙ rs } rotates slowly with the work. { gir sha¯pиər} generalized momentum See conjugate momen- gear-shaving machine [MECH ENG] A finishing tum. { jenиrə lı¯zd mə mentиəm} machine that removes excess metal from ma- generalized velocity [MECH] The derivative chined gears by the axial sliding motion of a with respect to time of one of the generalized straight-rack cutter or a circular gear cutter. coordinates of a particle. Also known as La- { gir sha¯vиiŋ mə she¯n} grangian generalized velocity. { jenиrə lı¯zd və gearshift [MECH ENG] A device for engaging la¨sиədиe¯ } and disengaging gears. { gir shift } general manager [IND ENG] The person of gen- gear teeth [DES ENG] Projections on the cir- eral authority who performs all reasonable tasks cumference or face of a wheel which engage with in conducting the usual and customary business
246
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. get
of the principal head or owner. { ¦jenиrəl manи conductive seawater by the magnetic field of əиjər} the earth. { ¦je¯иo¯ иmag¦nedиik i¦lekиtrəиkə nedиə generating magnetometer [ENG] A magnetom- graf } eter in which a coil is rotated in the magnetic geomembrane [CIV ENG] Any impermeable field to be measured with the resulting generated membrane (usually made of synthetic polymers voltage being proportional to the strength of the in sheets) used with soils, rock, earth, or other magnetic field. { jenиə ra¯dиiŋ magиnə ta¨mиədи geotechnical material in order to block the mi- ər} gration of fluids. { je¯иo¯ mem bra¯n} generating plant See generating station. { jenи geometric construction [ENG] Construction ə ra¯dиiŋ plant } that employs only straightedge and compasses generating station [MECH ENG] A stationary or is carried out by drawing only straight lines plant containing apparatus for large-scale con- and circles. { ¦je¯иə¦meиtrik kən strəkиshən} version of some form of energy (such as hydrau- geometric programming [SYS ENG] A nonlinear lic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into elec- programming technique in which the relative trical energy. Also known as generating plant; contribution of each of the component costs is power station. { jenиə ra¯dиiŋ sta¯иshən} first determined; only then are the variables in generation rate [ELECTR] In a semiconductor, the component costs determined. { ¦je¯иə¦meи the time rate of creation of electron-hole pairs. trik pro¯ gramиiŋ } { jenиə ra¯иshən ra¯t} geophysical engineering [ENG] A branch of en- generator [ELEC] A machine that converts me- gineering that applies scientific methods for lo- chanical energy into electrical energy; in its com- cating mineral deposits. { ¦je¯иə¦fizиəиkəl enи monest form, a large number of conductors are jə nirиiŋ } mounted on an armature that is rotated in a geophysical prospecting [ENG] Application of magnetic field produced by field coils. Also quantitative concepts and principles of physics known as dynamo; electric generator. and mathematics in geologic explorations to dis- [ELECTR] 1. A vacuum-tube oscillator or any cover the character of and mineral resources in other nonrotating device that generates an alter- underground rocks in the upper portions of the nating voltage at a desired frequency when ener- earth’s crust. { ¦je¯иə¦fizиəиkəl pra¨ spekиtiŋ } gized with direct-current power or low-frequency geosynthetic [CIV ENG] Any synthetic material alternating-current power. 2. A circuit that gen- used in geotechnical engineering, such as geo- erates a desired repetitive or nonrepetitive textiles and geomembranes. { je¯иo¯ иsin thedи waveform, such as a pulse generator. { jenи ik } ə ra¯dиər} geotechnics [CIV ENG] The application of sci- generator set [ENG] The aggregate of one or entific methods and engineering principles to more generators together with the equipment civil engineering problems through acquiring, in- and plant for producing the energy that drives terpreting, and using knowledge of materials of them. { jenиə ra¯dиər set } the crust of the earth. { ¦je¯иo¯ ¦tekиniks } geochemical prospecting [ENG] The use of geotechnology [ENG] Application of the meth- geochemical and biogeochemical principles and ods of engineering and science to exploitation data in the search for economic deposits of min- of natural resources. { ¦je¯иo¯ иtek na¨lиəиje¯ } erals, petroleum, and natural gases. { ¦je¯и geotextiles [CIV ENG] Woven or nonwoven fab- o¯ ¦kemиəиkəl pra¨ spekиting } rics used with foundations, soils, rock, earth, or geochemical well logging [ENG] Well logging other geotechnical material as an integral part dependent on geochemical analysis of the data. of a manufactured project, structure, or system. { ¦je¯иo¯ ¦kemиəиkəl wel la¨gиiŋ } Also known as civil engineering fabrics; erosion geodetic survey [ENG] A survey in which the control cloth; filter fabrics; support membranes. figure and size of the earth are considered; it is { ¦je¯иo¯ ¦tek stı¯lz } applicable for large areas and long lines and geothermal prospecting [ENG] Exploration for is used for the precise location of basic points sources of geothermal energy. { ¦je¯иo¯ ¦thərиməl suitable for controlling other surveys. { ¦je¯и pra¨ spekиtiŋ } ə¦dedиik sər va¯ } geothermal well logging [ENG] Measurement geographical mile [MECH] The length of 1 min- of the change in temperature of the earth by ute of arc of the Equator, or 6087.08 feet (1855.34 means of well logging. { ¦je¯иo¯ ¦thərиməl wel meters), which approximates the length of the la¨gиiŋ } nautical mile. { ¦je¯иə¦grafиəиkəl mı¯l} geothermometer [ENG] A thermometer con- geologic thermometer See geothermometer. { ¦je¯и structed to measure temperatures in boreholes ə¦la¨jиik thər ma¨mиədиər } or deep-sea deposits. { ¦je¯иo¯ иthər ma¨mиədиər} geolograph [ENG] A device that records the gerber beam [CIV ENG] A long, straight beam penetration rate of a bit during the drilling of a that functions essentially as a cantilevered beam well. { je¯ a¨lиə graph } by the insertion of two hinges in alternate spans. geomagnetic electrokinetograph [ENG] An in- { gərиbər be¯m} strument that can be suspended from the side get [IND ENG] A combination of two or more of of a ship to measure the direction and speed of the elemental motions of search, select, grasp, ocean currents while the ship is under way by transport empty, and transport loaded; applied measuring the voltage induced in the moving to time-motion studies. { get }
247
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. getter-ion pump
getter-ion pump [ENG] A high-vacuum pump Gilbreth’s micromotion study [IND ENG] A time that employs chemically active metal layers and motion study based on the concept that all which are continuously or intermittently depos- work is performed by using a relatively few basic ited on the wall of the pump, and which chemi- operations in varying combinations and se- sorb active gases while inert gases are ‘‘cleaned quence; basic elements (therbligs) include grasp, up’’ by ionizing them in an electric discharge and search, move, reach, and hold. { gilиbrəths ¦mı¯и drawing the positive ions to the wall, where the kro¯ ¦mo¯ иshən stədиe¯ } neutralized ions are buried by fresh deposits of gill [MECH] 1. A unit of volume used in the metal. Also known as sputter-ion pump. United States for the measurement of liquid sub- { ¦gedиər ¦¯ı a¨n pəmp } stances, equal to 1/4 U.S. liquid pint, or to getter sputtering [ELECTR] The deposition of 1.1829411825 ϫ 10Ϫ4 cubic meter. 2. A unit of high-purity thin films at ordinary vacuum levels volume used in the United Kingdom for the by using a getter to remove contaminants re- measurement of liquid substances, and occa- ə иə ə иəи ŋ maining in the vacuum. { g d r sp d ri } sionally of solid substances, equal to 1/4 U.K. gewel hinge [DES ENG] A hinge consisting of a pint, or to approximately 1.420653125 ϫ 10Ϫ4 иə hook inserted in a loop. { ju¨ l hinj } cubic meter. { gil } gf See gram-force. Gilliland correlation [CHEM ENG] Approxima- Giaque’s temperature scale [THERMO] The in- tion method for distillation-column calculations; ternationally accepted scale of absolute temper- correlates reflux ratio and number of plates for ature, in which the triple point of water is defined the column as functions of minimum reflux and to have a temperature of 273.16 K. { ¦zhyaks ¨ minimum plates. { gə lilиənd ka¨иrə la¯иshən} temиprəиchər ska¯l} gill net [ENG] A net that entangles the gill cov- gib [ENG] A removable plate designed to hold ers of fish. { gil net } other parts in place or act as a bearing or wear Gilmour heat-exchange method [ENG] Ther- surface. { gib } mal design method for heat exchangers by solu- Gibbs apparatus [ENG] A compressed-oxygen tion of five unique equations containing a mini- breathing apparatus used by miners in the mum number of variables and involving tube- United States. { gibz apиə radиəs} side, shell-side, tube-wall, and dirt resistance. Gibbs diaphragm cell [CHEM ENG] A type of и иə electrolytic diaphragm cell for chlorine produc- { gil mo˙ r he¯t iks cha¯nj meth d} tion, with graphite electrodes and a cylindrical gimbal [ENG] 1. A device with two mutually per- shape. { gibz dı¯иə fram sel } pendicular and intersecting axes of rotation, thus giving free angular movement in two directions, Gibbs free energy [THERMO] The thermody- namic function G ϭ H Ϫ TS, where H is enthalpy, on which an engine or other object may be T absolute temperature, and S entropy. Also mounted. 2. In a gyro, a support which provides known as free energy; free enthalpy; Gibbs func- the spin axis with a degree of freedom. 3. To tion. { gibz ¦fre¯ enиərиje¯ } move a reaction engine about on a gimbal so as Gibbs function See Gibbs free energy. { gibz to obtain pitching and yawing correction mo- fəŋkиshən} ments. 4. To mount something on a gimbal. и ə Gibbs-Helmholtz equation [THERMO] 1. Either { gim b l} of two thermodynamic relations that are useful gimbaled nozzle [MECH ENG] A nozzle sup- и ə иə in calculating the internal energy U or enthalpy ported on a gimbal. { gim b ld na¨z l} H of a system; they may be written U ϭ gimbal freedom [ENG] Of a gyro, the maximum F Ϫ T(ѨF/ѨT) and H ϭ G Ϫ T(ѨG/ѨT) , where F angular displacement about the output axis of V P и ə и ə is the free energy, G is the Gibbs free energy, T a gimbal. { gim b l fre¯ d m} is the absolute temperature, V is the volume, gimbal lock [ENG] A condition of a two-degree- and P is the pressure. 2. Any of the similar of-freedom gyro wherein the alignment of the equations for changes in thermodynamic poten- spin axis with an axis of freedom deprives the tials during an isothermal process. { gibz hel- gyro of a degree-of-freedom and therefore its m ho¯ lts i kwa¯иzhən} useful properties. { gimиbəl la¨k} Giegy-Hardisty process [CHEM ENG] The pro- gimlet [DES ENG] A small tool consisting of a duction of sebacic acid from castor oil or its acids threaded tip, grooved shank, and a cross handle; by reaction of the acid at a high temperature with used for boring holes in wood. { gimиlət} caustic alkali. { ge¯иge¯ ha¨rиdəиste¯ pra¨sиəs} gimlet bit [DES ENG] A bit with a threaded point Giesler coal test [ENG] A plastometric method and spiral flute; used for drilling small holes in for estimating the coking properties of coals. wood. { gimиlət bit } { ge¯sиlər ko¯ l test } gin [MECH ENG] A hoisting machine in the form Gilbrethian variables [IND ENG] A system of of a tripod with a windlass, pulleys, and ropes. three sets of variables that are considered to be { jin } intrinsic to every task: variables involving the gin pole [MECH ENG] A hand-operated derrick response of the worker to anatomic and psycho- which has a nearly vertical pole supported by guy logical factors, environmental variables, and ropes; the load is raised on a rope that passes variables of motion; used in analyzing and de- through a pulley at the top and over a winch at signing work systems. { gil brethиe¯иən verиe¯и the foot. Also known as guyed-mast derrick; əиbəlz } pole derrick; standing derrick. { jin po¯ l}
248
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. glue-line heating
gin tackle [MECH ENG] A tackle made for use metal, usually shaped like a triangle, used to with a gin. { jin takиəl} hold a pane of glass in place. Also known as Girbotal process [CHEM ENG] A regenerative sprig. { gla¯иzərz po˙ int } absorption process to remove carbon dioxide, glazing [ENG] 1. Cutting and fitting panes of hydrogen sulfide, and other acid impurities from glass into frames. 2. Smoothing the lead of a natural gas, using mono-, di-, or triethanolamine wiped pipe joint by passing a hot iron over it. as the reagent. { gərиbə to˙ l pra¨sиəs} { gla¯zиiŋ } girder [CIV ENG] A large beam made of metal or glazing bar See sash bar. { gla¯zиiŋ ba¨r} concrete, and sometimes of wood. { gərиdər} Gleason bevel gear system [DES ENG] The girder clamp See beam clip. { gərdиər klamp } standard for bevel gear designs in the United girder clip See beam clip. { gərdиər klip } States; employs a basic pressure angle of 20Њ girt [CIV ENG] 1. A timber in the second-floor with long and short addenda for ratios other than corner posts of a house to serve as a footing for 1:1 to avoid undercut pinions and to increase roof rafters. 2. A horizontal member to stiffen strength. { gle¯sиən ¦bevиəl ¦gir sisиtəm} the framework of a building frame or trestle. globe valve [MECH ENG] A device for regulating [ENG] A brace member running horizontally be- flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk- tween the legs of a drill tripod or derrick. { gərt } type element and a stationary ring seat in a gen- gland [ENG] 1. A device for preventing leakage erally spherical body. { glo¯ b valv } at a machine joint, as where a shaft emerges glory hole [CIV ENG] A funnel-shaped, fixed- from a vessel containing a pressurized fluid. crest spillway. [ENG] A furnace for resoftening 2. A movable part used in a stuffing box to com- or fire polishing glass during working, or an en- press the packing. { gland } trance in such a furnace. { glo˙ иre¯ ho¯ l} glare filter [ENG] A screen that is placed over glossimeter [ENG] An instrument, often photo- the face of a cathode-ray tube to reduce glare electric, for measuring the ratio of the light re- from ambient and overhead light. { gler filи flected from a surface in a definite direction to tər} the total light reflected in all directions. Also glassblowing [ENG] Shaping a mass of viscid known as glossmeter. { gla¨ simиədиər} glass by inflating it with air introduced through glossmeter See glossimeter. { gla¨s me¯dиər} a tube. { glas blo¯ иiŋ } glost firing [CHEM ENG] The process of glazing glass cutter [ENG] A tool equipped with a steel and firing ceramic ware which has previously wheel or a diamond point used to cut glass. been fired at a higher temperature. { glo˙ st { glas kədиər} fı¯rиiŋ } glassed steel [CHEM ENG] Process piping or glove box [ENG] A sealed box with gloves vessels lined with glass; a glass-steel composite attached and passing through openings into the has structural strength of steel and corrosion box, so that workers can handle materials in resistance of glass. { ¦glast ¦ste¯l} the box; used to handle certain radioactive and glass furnace [ENG] A large, covered furnace or biologically dangerous materials and to prevent tank for melting large batches of glass, in which contamination of materials and objects such as heat is supplied by a flame playing over the glass germfree rats or lunar rocks. { gləv ba¨ks } surface, and regenerative heating of combustion Glover tower [CHEM ENG] A tower in the lead air and gas is usually employed. Also known chamber process for manufacturing sulfuric acid; as glass tank. { glas fərиnəs} in this tower the nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, glass heat exchanger [ENG] Any heat ex- and air mixture is passed upward and sprayed changer in which glass replaces metal, such as with a sulfuric acid-nitrosyl sulfuric acid mixture. shell-and-tube, cascade, double-pipe, bayonet, { gləvиər tau˙ иər} and coil exchangers. { ¦glas he¯t iks cha¯nиjər} glow-discharge microphone [ENG ACOUS] Mi- glass pot [ENG] A crucible used for making crophone in which the action of sound waves on small amounts of glass. { glas pa¨t} the current forming a glow discharge between glass seal [ENG] An airtight seal made by mol- two electrodes causes corresponding variations ten glass. { glas se¯l} in the current. { ¦glo¯ ¦dis cha¨rj mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} glass tank See glass furnace. { glas taŋk} glowing combustion [CHEM ENG] A reaction glass-tube manometer [ENG] A manometer for between oxygen or an oxidizer and the surface simple indication of difference of pressure, in of a solid fuel so that there is emission of heat contrast to the metallic-housed mercury ma- and light without a flame. Also known as sur- nometer, used to record or control difference face burning. { ¦glo¯ иiŋ kəm bəsиchən} of pressure or fluid flow. { glas tu¨ bmə na¨mи glow plug [MECH ENG] A small electric heater, ədиər } located inside a cylinder of a diesel engine, that glaze [ENG] A glossy coating. Also known as preheats the air and aids the engine in starting. enamel. { gla¯z} { glo¯ pləg} glazed [MECH ENG] Pertaining to an abrasive glue block See angle block. { glu¨ bla¨k} surface that has become smooth and cannot glue-joint ripsaw [MECH ENG] A heavy-gage rip- abrade efficiently. { gla¯zd } saw used on straight-line or self-feed rip ma- glazed frost See glaze. { ¦gla¯zd fro˙ st } chines; the cut is smooth enough to permit glu- glaze ice See glaze. { gla¯z ¯ıs} ing of joints from the saw. { glu¨ jo˙ int rip so˙ } glazier’s point [ENG] A small piece of sheet glue-line heating [ENG] Dielectric heating in
249
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. glug
which the electrodes are designed to give prefer- gold point [THERMO] The temperature of the ential heating to a thin film of glue or other freezing point of gold at a pressure of 1 standard relatively high-loss material located between lay- atmosphere (101,325 pascals); used to define the ers of relatively low-loss material such as wood. International Temperature Scale of 1940, on { glu¨ lı¯n he¯dиiŋ } which it is assigned a value of 1337.33 K or glug [MECH] A unit of mass, equal to the mass 1064.18ЊC. { gold po˙ int } which is accelerated by 1 centimeter per second Gold slide [ENG] A slide rule used on British per second by a force of 1 gram-force, or to ships to compute barometric corrections and re- 980.665 grams. { gləg } duction of pressure to sea level; it includes the glycol dehydrator [CHEM ENG] Processing effects of temperature, latitude, index correction, equipment for removing all or most of the water and barometric height above sea level. from a wet gas by contacting with glycol. { go¯ ld slı¯d} { glı¯ ko˙ lde¯ hı¯ dra¯dиər} golf ball [ENG] A printing element used on gm See gram. some typewriters and serial printers, consisting gnomon [ENG] On a sundial, the inclined plate of a rotating, spherically shape, removable type- or pin that casts a shadow. Also known as style. head that skims across the printed line while { no¯ иmən } the typewriter or printer carriage does not move. goal coordination method [CONT SYS] A { ga¨lf bo˙ l} method for coordinating the subproblem solu- gondola car [ENG] A flat-bottomed railroad car tions in plant decomposition, in which Lagrange which has no top, fixed sides, and often remov- multipliers enter into the subsystem cost func- able ends, in which steel, rock, or heavy bulk tions as shadow prices, and these are adjusted commodities are transported. { ga¨nиdəиlə by the second-level controller in an iterative pro- ka¨r} cedure which culminates (if the method is appli- goniometer [ENG] 1. An instrument used to cable) in the satisfaction of the subsystem cou- measure the angles between crystal faces. pling relationships. Also known as interaction 2. An instrument which uses x-ray diffraction to balance method; nonfeasible method. { go¯ l measure the angular positions of the axes of a ko˙ o˙ rdиəиna¯иshən methиəd} crystal. 3. Any instrument for measuring gobo [ENG] A panel used to shield a television angles. { go¯ иne¯ a¨mиədиər} camera lens from direct light. [ENG ACOUS] A go/no-go detector [ENG] An instrument having sound-absorbing shield used with a microphone only two operating states, such as a common to block unwanted sounds. { go¯ bo¯ } fuse which is either intact or melted. { go¯ no¯ go-devil [ENG] 1. A device inserted in a pipe or go¯ di tekиtər} hole for purposes such as cleaning or for deto- go/no-go test [ENG] A test based on the meas- nating an explosive. 2. A sled for moving logs urement of one or more parameters but which or cultivating. 3. A large rake for gathering hay. can have only one of two possible results, to 4. A small railroad car used for transporting work- pass or reject the device under test. { go¯ no¯ ers and materials. { go¯ devиəl} go¯ test } go gage [DES ENG] A test device that just fits good oil See raffinate. { gu˙ d o˙ il } a part if it has the proper dimensions (often gooseneck [DES ENG] 1. A pipe, bar, or other used in pairs with a ‘‘no go’’ gage to establish device having a curved or bent shape resembling maximum and minimum dimensions). { go¯ that of the neck of a goose. 2. See water ga¯j } swivel. { gu¨ s nek } goggles [ENG] Spectacle-like eye protectors gopher hole [ENG] Horizontal T-shaped open- having shields at the sides and short, projecting ing made in rock in preparation for blasting. eye tubes. { ga¨gиəlz } Also known as coyote hole. { go¯ иfər ho¯ l} going [CIV ENG] On a staircase, the distance be- Gordon’s formula [CIV ENG] An empirical for- tween the faces of two successive risers. mula which gives the collapsing load of a column { go¯ иiŋ } in terms of its cross-sectional area, length, and Golay cell [ENG] A radiometer in which radia- least diameter. { go˙ rdиənz fo˙ rиmyəиlə } tion absorbed in a gas chamber heats the gas, gore [CIV ENG] A small triangular parcel of causing it to expand and deflect a diaphragm in land. { go˙ r} accordance with the amount of radiation. gouge [DES ENG] A curved chisel for wood, {gə la¯ sel } bone, stone, and so on. { gau˙ j} goldbeater’s-skin hygrometer [ENG] A hygro- gouging [ENG] The removal of material by elec- meter using goldbeater’s skin as the sensitive trical, mechanical, or manual means for the for- element; variations in the physical dimensions mation of a groove. { gau˙ jиiŋ } of the skin caused by its hygroscopic character governor [MECH ENG] A device, especially one indicate relative atmospheric humidity. { go¯ l actuated by the centrifugal force of whirling be¯dиərz skin hı¯ gra¨mиədиər} weights opposed by gravity or by springs, used gold doping [ELECTR] A technique for control- to provide automatic control of speed or power ling the lifetime of minority carriers in a transis- of a prime mover. { gəvиəиnər} tor; gold is diffused into the base and collector grab [ENG] An instrument for extricating bro- regions to reduce storage time in transistor cir- ken boring tools from a borehole. { grab } cuits. { go¯ l do¯ pиiŋ } grabbing crane [MECH ENG] An excavator
250
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. granularity
made up of a crane carrying a large grab or bucket as certain types of magnetometers which are de- in the form of a pair of half scoops, hinged to signed to measure the gradient of magnetic field, dig into the earth as they are lifted. { grabи or the Eo¨ to¨ vs torsion balance and related instru- iŋ kra¯n} ments which measure the gradient of gravita- grab bucket [MECH ENG] A bucket with hinged tional field. { gra¯dиe¯ a¨mиədиər} jaws or teeth that is hung from cables on a crane graduator [ENG] An evaporation unit in which or excavator and is used to dig and pick up mate- liquid is forced to flow over large surfaces which rials. { grab bəkиət} are subjected to air currents. { grajиə wa¯dиər} grab dredger [MECH ENG] Dredging equipment Graetz number [THERMO] A dimensionless comprising a grab or grab bucket that is sus- number used in the study of streamline flow, pended from the jib head of a crane. Also equal to the mass flow rate of a fluid times its known as grapple dredger. { grab drejиər} specific heat at constant pressure divided by the grabhook [DES ENG] A hook used for grabbing, product of its thermal conductivity and a charac- as in lifting blocks of stone, in which case the teristic length. Also spelled Gra¨tz number. hooks are used in pairs connected with a chain, Symbolized NGz.{ grets nəmиbər} and are so constructed that the tension of the Graham’s pendulum [DES ENG] A type of com- chain causes them to adhere firmly to the pensated pendulum having a hollow bob con- rock. { grab hu˙ k} taining mercury whose thermal expansion bal- grade [CIV ENG] 1. To prepare a roadway or ances the thermal expansion of the pendulum other land surface of uniform slope. 2. A sur- rod. { ¦gramz penиjəиləm} face prepared for the support of rails, a road, grain [MECH] A unit of mass in the United or a conduit. 3. The elevation of the finished States and United Kingdom, common to the av- surface of an engineering project. [ENG] The oirdupois, apothecaries’, and troy systems, equal degree of strength of a high explosive. { grad} Ϫ ¯ to 1/7000 of a pound, or to 6.479891 ϫ 10 5 gradeability [MECH ENG] The performance of kilogram. Abbreviated gr. { gra¯n} earthmovers on various inclines, measured in grainer process [CHEM ENG] A salt production percent grade. { gra¯dиə bilиədиe¯ } method in which salt is produced by surface grade beam [CIV ENG] A reinforced concrete evaporation of brine in open-air flat pans. beam placed directly on the ground to provide { gra¯nиər pra¨sиəs} the foundation for the superstructure. { gra¯d graining ENG Simulating a grain such as wood be¯m} [ ] or marble on a painted surface by applying a grade crossing [CIV ENG] The intersection of roadways, railways, pedestrian walks, or combi- translucent stain, then working it into suitable и ŋ patterns with tools such as special combs, nations of these at grade. { gra¯d kro˙ s i } и ŋ grade line [CIV ENG] A line or slope used as a brushes, and rags. { gra¯n i } longitudinal reference for a railroad or highway. grain spacing [DES ENG] Relative location of ¦ abrasive grains on the surface of a grinding { gra¯d lı¯n} и ŋ grader [MECH ENG] A high-bodied, wheeled ve- wheel. { gra¯n spa¯s i } hicle with a leveling blade mounted between gram [MECH] The unit of mass in the centime- the front and rear wheels; used for fine-grading ter-gram-second system of units, equal to 0.001 relatively loose and level earth. { gra¯dиər} kilogram. Abbreviated g; gm. { gram } ¦ иəи grade separation [CIV ENG] A grade crossing gram-calorie See calorie. { gram kal re¯ } employing an underpass and overpass. { gra¯d gram-centimeter [MECH] A unit of energy in the sepиə ra¯иshən} centimeter-gram-second gravitational system, grade slab [CIV ENG] A reinforced concrete slab equal to the work done by a force of magnitude placed directly on the ground to provide the 1 gram force when the point at which the force foundation for the superstructure. { gra¯d is applied is displaced 1 centimeter in the direc- slab } tion of the force. Abbreviated g-cm. { gram иə иə grade stake [CIV ENG] A stake used as an eleva- sent me¯d r} tion reference. { gra¯d sta¯k} gram-force [MECH] A unit of force in the centi- gradienter [ENG] An attachment placed on a meter-gram-second gravitational system, equal surveyor’s transit to measure angle of inclination to the gravitational force on a 1-gram mass at a in terms of the tangent of the angle. { gra¯dи specified location. Abbreviated gf. Also e¯ enиtər} known as fors; gram-weight; pond. { gram gradient microphone [ENG ACOUS] A micro- fo˙ rs } phone whose electrical response corresponds to gram-weight See gram-force. { gram¦wa¯t} some function of the difference in pressure be- granular-bed separator [ENG] Vessel or cham- tween two points in space. { gra¯dиe¯иənt mı¯и ber in which a bed of granular material is used krə fo¯ n} to remove dust from a dust-laden gas as it passes grading [IND ENG] Segregating a product into through the bed. { granиyəиlər bed sepи a number of adjoining categories which often ə ra¯dиər} form a spectrum of quality. Also known as clas- granularity [SYS ENG] The degree to which a sification. { gra¯dиiŋ } system can be broken down into separate com- gradiometer [ENG] Any instrument that meas- ponents, making it customizable and flexible. ures the gradient of some physical quantity, such { granиyə larиədиe¯ }
251
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. graphical statics
graphical statics [MECH] A method of de- rise up to the fuel from beneath, and ashes to termining forces acting on a rigid body in equilib- fall away from the burning fuel. { gra¯t} rium, in which forces are represented on a dia- Gra¨tz number See Graetz number. { grets nəmи gram by straight lines whose lengths are propor- bər} tional to the magnitudes of the forces. { ¦grafи grav See G. { grav} əиkəl stadиiks } gravel pump [MECH ENG] A centrifugal pump graphical symbol [ELEC] A true symbol, rather with renewable impellers and lining, used to than a coarse picture, representing an element pump a mixture of gravel and water. { gravи in an electrical diagram. { ¦grafиəиkəl simиbəl} əl pəmp } graphic equalizer [ENG ACOUS] A device that gravel stop [BUILD] Metal flashing placed at the allows the response of audio equipment to be edge of a roof to prevent gravel from falling off. modified independently in several frequency { gravиəl sta¨p} bands through the use of a bank of slide controls graveyard shift [IND ENG] The shift of workers whose positions form a graph of the frequency that begins at or around midnight; the last shift response. { ¦grafиik e¯иkwə lı¯иzər } of the day. { gra¯v ya¨rd shift } graphic panel [CONT SYS] A master control gravimeter [ENG] A highly sensitive weighing panel which indicates the status of equipment device used for relative measurement of the force and operations in a system, and their relation- of gravity by detecting small weight differences ships. { ¦grafиik panиəl } of a constant mass at different points on the graphic recording instrument [ENG] An instru- earth. Also known as gravity meter. { grə vimи ment that makes a graphic record of one or more ədиər} quantities as a function of another variable, usu- gravimetry [ENG] Measurement of gravita- ally time. { grafиik ri ko˙ rdиiŋ inиstrəиmənt } tional force. { grə vimиəиtre¯ } graphite anode [CHEM ENG] One of the elec- graving dock [CIV ENG] A form of dry dock con- trodes of graphite used in a mercury cell to pro- sisting of an artificial basin fitted with a gate or duce chlorine by electrolysis. [ELECTR] 1. The caisson, into which a vessel can be floated and rod of graphite which is inserted into the mer- the water pumped out to expose the vessel’s cury-pool cathode of an ignitron to start current bottom. { gra¯vиiŋ da¨k} flow. 2. The collector of electrons in a beam gravitational constant [MECH] The constant of power tube or other high-current tube. proportionality in Newton’s law of gravitation, { gra fı¯t an o¯ d } equal to the gravitational force between any two grapnel [DES ENG] An implement with claws particles times the square of the distance be- used to recover a lost core, drill fittings, and junk tween them, divided by the product of their from a borehole or for other grappling opera- masses. Also known as constant of gravitation. tions. Also known as grapple. { grapиnəl} { gravиə ta¯иshənиəl ka¨nиstənt } grapple See grapnel. { grapиəl} gravitational displacement [MECH] The gravi- grapple dredger See grab dredger. { grapиəl tational field strength times the gravitational drejиər} constant. Also known as gravitational flux den- grapple hook [DES ENG] An iron hook used on sity. { gravиə ta¯иshənиəl dis pla¯sиmənt } the end of a rope to snag lines, to hold one ship gravitational energy See gravitational potential en- alongside another, or as a fishing tool. Also ergy. { gravиə ta¯иshənиəl enиərиje¯ } known as grappling iron. { grapиəl hu˙ k} gravitational field [MECH] The field in a region grappling iron See grapple hook. { grapиliŋ ¯ıи in space in which a test particle would experience ərn } a gravitational force; quantitatively, the gravita- grasp [IND ENG] A basic element (therblig) in tional force per unit mass on the particle at a time-motion study; a useful element that accom- particular point. { gravиə ta¯иshənиəl fe¯ld } plishes work. { grasp } gravitational flux density See gravitational dis- grasshopper linkage [MECH ENG] A straight- placement. { gravиə ta¯иshənиəl fləks denи line mechanism used in some early steam en- sədиe¯ } gines. { gras ha¨pиər liŋиkij } gravitational force [MECH] The force on a parti- Grassot fluxmeter [ENG] A type of fluxmeter in cle due to its gravitational attraction to other which a light coil of wire is suspended in a mag- particles. { gravиə ta¯иshənиəl fo˙ rs } netic field in such a way that it can rotate; the gravitational instability [MECH] Instability of a ends of the suspended coil are connected to dynamic system in which gravity is the restoring a search coil of known area penetrated by the force. { gravиə ta¯иshənиəl inиstə bilиədиe¯ } magnetic flux to be measured; the flux is deter- gravitational potential [MECH] The amount of mined from the rotation of the suspended coil work which must be done against gravitational when the search coil is moved. { gra¨ so¯ forces to move a particle of unit mass to a speci- fləks me¯dиər } fied position from a reference position, usually grass-roots plant [CHEM ENG] A complete a point at infinity. { gravиə ta¯иshənиəlpə tenи plant erected on a virgin site. { gras ru¨ ts chəl} plant } gravitational potential energy [MECH] The en- grate [ENG] A support for burning solid fuels; ergy that a system of particles has by virtue of usually made of closely spaced bars to hold the their positions, equal to the work that must be burning fuel, while allowing combustion air to done against gravitational forces to assemble
252
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. grease trap
the particles from some reference configuration, up and thus conserve energy. { gravиədиe¯ such as mutually infinite separation. Also ra¯l ro¯ d} known as gravitational energy. { gravиə ta¯и gravity segregation [ENG] Tendency of immis- shənиəlpə¦tenиchəl enиərиje¯ } cible liquids or multicomponent granular mix- gravitational systems of units [MECH] Systems tures to separate into distinct layers in accor- in which length, force, and time are regarded as dance with their respective densities. { gravи fundamental, and the unit of force is the gravita- ədиe¯ segиrə ga¯иshən} tional force on a standard body at a specified gravity separation [ENG] Separation of immis- location on the earth’s surface. { gravиə ta¯и cible phases (gas-solid, liquid-solid, liquid-liq- shənиəl ¦sisиtəmz əv yu¨ иnəts } uid, solid-solid) by allowing the denser phase to gravitometer See densimeter. { gravиə ta¨mиədиər} settle out under the influence of gravity; used gravity [MECH] The gravitational attraction at in ore dressing and various industrial chemical the surface of a planet or other celestial body. processes. { gravиədиe¯ sepиə ra¯иshən} { gravиədиe¯ } gravity settling chamber [ENG] Chamber or gravity bed [ENG] A moving body of solids in vessel in which the velocity of heavy particles which particles (granules, pellets, beads, or bri- (solids or liquids) in a fluid stream is reduced quets) flow downward by gravity through a ves- to allow them to settle downward by gravity, as in the case of a dust-laden gas stream. { gravи sel, while process fluid flows upward; the mov- ə и и ŋ и ə ing-bed technique is used in blast and shaft fur- d e¯ set li cha¯m b r} naces, petroleum catalytic cracking, pellet gravity station [ENG] The site of installation of gravimeters. { gravиədиe staиshən} dryers, and coolers. { gravиədиe¯ bed } ¯ ¯ gravity survey [ENG] The measurement of the gravity chute [ENG] A gravity conveyor in the form of an inclined plane, trough, or framework differences in gravity force at two or more points. { gravиədиe sər va } that depends on sliding friction to control the ¯ ¯ gravity vector [MECH] The force of gravity per rate of descent. { gravиədиe¯ shu¨ t} unit mass at a given point. Symbolized g. gravity concentration [ENG] 1. Any of various { gravиədиe¯ vekиtər} methods for separating a mixture of particles, gravity wall [CIV ENG] A retaining wall which such as minerals, based on the differences in is kept upright by the force of its own weight. density of the various species and on the resist- { gravиədиe¯ wo˙ l} ance to relative motion exerted upon the parti- gravity wheel conveyor [MECH ENG] A down- cles by the fluid or semifluid medium in which ward-sloping conveyor trough with closely separation takes place. 2. The separation of liq- spaced axle-mounted wheel units on which flat- uid-liquid dispersions based on settling out of bottomed containers or objects are conveyed the dense phase by gravity. { gravиədиe¯ ka¨nsи иə и ə и ə from point to point by gravity pull. { grav d n tra¯ sh n} e¯ wel kən va¯иər} gravity conveyor [ENG] Any unpowered con- gravity yard See hump yard. { gravиədиe¯ ya¨rd } veyor such as a gravity chute or a roller conveyor, graybody [THERMO] An energy radiator which which uses the force of gravity to move materials has a blackbody energy distribution, reduced by иə и ə иə over a downward path. { grav d e¯ k n va¯ r} a constant factor, throughout the radiation spec- gravity corer [ENG] Any type of corer that trum or within a certain wavelength interval. achieves bottom penetration solely as a result Also known as nonselective radiator. { gra¯ of gravitational force acting upon its mass. ba¨dиe¯ } иə и иə { grav d e¯ ko˙ r r} Gray clay treating [CHEM ENG] A fixed-bed, va- gravity dam [CIV ENG] A dam which depends por-phase treating process used to polymerize on its weight for stability. { gravиədиe¯ dam } selectively unsaturated gum-forming constit- gravity feed [ENG] Movement of materials from uents (diolefins); a fixed bed is used of 30- to one location to another using the force of gravity. 60-mesh fuller’s earth. { gra¯ kla¯ tre¯dиiŋ } иə и { grav d e¯ fe¯d} grease cup [ENG] A receptacle used to apply a gravity meter [ENG] 1. U-tube-manometer type solid or semifluid lubricant to a bearing; the of device for direct reading of solution specific receptacle is packed with grease and the cap gravities in semimicro quantities. 2. An elec- forces the grease to the bearing. { gre¯s kəp} trical device for measuring variations in gravita- grease gun [ENG] A small hand-operated de- tion through different geologic formations; used vice that pumps grease under pressure into bear- in mineral exploration. 3. See gravimeter. ings. { gre¯s gən} { gravиədиe¯ me¯dиər} grease seal [ENG] 1. Type of seal used on float- gravity prospecting [ENG] Identifying and ing pistons of some hydropneumatic recoil sys- mapping the distribution of rock masses of differ- tems to prevent leakage past the piston of gas ent specific gravity by means of a gravity meter. or oil; also used in cylinders of some hydropneu- { gravиədиe¯ pra¨s pekиtiŋ } matic equilibrators. 2. Seal used to retain gravity railroad [ENG] A cable railroad in which grease in a case or housing, as on an axle cars descend a slope by gravity and are hauled shaft. { gre¯s se¯l} back up the slope by a stationary engine, or there grease trap [CIV ENG] A trap in a drain or waste may be two tracks with cars so connected that pipe to stop grease from entering a sewer system. cars going down may help to raise the cars going { gre¯s trap }
253
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. green design
green design See industrial ecology. { ¦gre¯n to alter their physical size and hence their reso- di zı¯n} nant frequencies. [MECH ENG] 1. Reducing a grid [DES ENG] A network of equally spaced material to relatively small particles. 2. Remov- lines forming squares, used for determining per- ing material from a workpiece with a grinding missible locations of holes on a printed circuit wheel. { grı¯nиdiŋ } board or a chassis. [ELEC] 1. A metal plate grinding aid [ENG] An additive to the charge in with holes or ridges, used in a storage cell or a ball mill or rod mill to accelerate the grinding battery as a conductor and a support for the process. { grı¯nиdiŋ a¯d} active material. 2. Any systematic network, grinding burn [MECH ENG] Overheating a local- such as of telephone lines or power lines. ized area of the work in grinding operations. [ELECTR] An electrode located between the { grı¯nиdiŋ bərn } cathode and anode of an electron tube, which grinding medium [ENG] Any material including has one or more openings through which elec- balls and rods, used in a grinding mill. { grı¯nи trons or ions can pass, and serves to control the diŋ me¯dиe¯иəm} flow of electrons from cathode to anode. grinding mill [MECH ENG] A machine consisting { grid } of a rotating cylindrical drum, that reduces the grid nephosope [ENG] A nephoscope con- size of particles of ore or other materials fed into structed of a grid work of bars mounted horizon- it; three main types are ball, rod, and tube mills. tally on the end of a vertical column and rotating { grı¯nиdiŋ mil } freely about the vertical axis; the observer rotates grinding pebbles [ENG] Pebbles, of chert or the grid and adjusts the position until some quartz, used for grinding in mills, where contami- feature of the cloud appears to move along the nation with iron has to be avoided. { grı¯nиdiŋ major axis of the grid; the azimuth angle at which pebиəlz } the grid is set is taken as the direction of the grinding ratio [MECH ENG] Ratio of the volume cloud motion. { grid nefиə sko¯ p } of ground material removed from the workpiece grid-rectification meter [ENG] A type of vac- to the volume removed from the grinding wheel. uum-tube voltmeter in which the grid and cath- { grı¯nиdiŋ ra¯иsho¯ } ode of a tube act as a diode rectifier, and the grinding stress [MECH] Residual tensile or rectified grid voltage, amplified by the tube, op- compressive stress, or a combination of both, erates a meter in the plate circuit. { grid rekи on the surface of a material due to grinding. təиfə¦ka¯иshən me¯dиər} { grı¯nиdiŋ stres } Griffith’s criterion [MECH] A criterion for the grinding wheel [DES ENG] A wheel or disk hav- fracture of a brittle material under biaxial stress, ing an abrasive material such as alumina or sili- based on the theory that the strength of such a con carbide bonded to the surface. { grı¯nиdiŋ material is limited by small cracks. { grifиəths we¯l} krı¯ tirиe¯иən} grindstone [ENG] A stone disk on a revolving Griffiths’ method [THERMO] A method of mea- axle, used for grinding, smoothing, and shap- suring the mechanical equivalent of heat in ing. { grı¯nd sto¯ n} which the temperature rise of a known mass of gripper [CONT SYS] A component of a robot water is compared with the electrical energy that grasps an object, generally through the use needed to produce this rise. { grifиəths of suction cups, magnets, or articulated mecha- methиəd} nisms. { gripиər} grillage [CIV ENG] A footing that consists of two gripping zone [CONT SYS] The area in which the or more tiers of closely spaced structural steel center of an object must be located in order for beams resting on a concrete block, each tier be- the object to be properly handled by the gripper ing at right angles to the one below. { gre¯ yazh } of a robot. { gripиiŋ zo¯ n} grille [ENG] A grating or openwork barrier that grip vector [CONT SYS] A vector from a point is used to conceal or protect an opening in a on the wrist socket of a robot to the point where floor, wall, or pavement. [ENG ACOUS] An ar- the end effector grasps an object; describes the rangement of wood, metal, or plastic bars placed orientation of the object in space. { grip across the front of a loudspeaker in a cabinet vekиtər} for decorative and protective purposes. { gril } grit chamber [CIV ENG] A chamber designed to grille cloth [ENG ACOUS] A loosely woven cloth remove sand, gravel, or other heavy solids that stretched across the front of a loudspeaker to have subsiding velocities or specific gravities keep out dust and provide protection without substantially greater than those of the organic appreciably impeding sound waves. { gril solids in waste water. { grit cha¯mиbər} klo˙ th } grit size [DES ENG] Size of the abrasive particles grinder [MECH ENG] Any device or machine on a grinding wheel. { grit sı¯z} that grinds, such as a pulverizer or a grinding grizzly [ENG] 1. A coarse screen used for rough wheel. { grı¯nиdər} sizing and separation of ore, gravel, or soil. grinding [ELECTR] 1. A mechanical operation 2. A grating to protect chutes, manways, and performed on silicon substrates of semiconduc- winzes, in mines, or to prevent debris from enter- tors to provide a smooth surface for epitaxial ing a water inlet. { grizиle¯ } deposition or diffusion of impurities. 2. A me- grizzly crusher [MECH ENG] A machine with a chanical operation performed on quartz crystals series of parallel rods or bars for crushing rock
254
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. grounded-base connection
and sorting particles by size. { grizиle¯ ¦krəshи is used to check the sensing elements of radio- ər} sonde equipment and that houses sources of groin [CIV ENG] A barrier built out from a sea- heat and water vapor plus instruments for mea- shore or riverbank to protect the land from ero- suring temperature, humidity, and pressure, and sion and sand movements, among other func- in which air circulation is maintained by a motor- tions. Also known as groyne; jetty; spur dike; driven fan. { grau˙ nd chek cha¯mиbər} wing dam. { gro˙ in } ground circuit [ELEC] A telephone or telegraph grommet [ENG] 1. A metal washer or eyelet. circuit part of which passes through the ground. 2. A piece of fiber soaked in a packing material { grau˙ nd sərиkət} and used under bolt and nut heads to preserve ground conductivity [ELEC] The effective con- tightness. { gra¨mиət } ductivity of the ground, used in calculating the grommet nut [DES ENG] A blind nut with a attenuation of radio waves. { grau˙ nd ka¨nи round head; used with a screw to attach a hinge dək¦tivиədиe¯ } to a door. { gra¨mиət nət} ground control [CIV ENG] Supervision or direc- groove [DES ENG] A long, narrow channel in a tion of all airport surface traffic, except an aircraft surface. { gru¨ v} landing or taking off. [ENG] The marking of grooved drum [DES ENG] Drum with a grooved survey, triangulation, or other key points or sys- surface to support and guide a rope. { gru¨ vd tem of points on the earth’s surface so that they ¦drəm } may be recognized in aerial photographs. groover [ENG] A tool for forming grooves in a { grau˙ nd kən tro¯ l} slab of concrete not yet hardened. { gru¨ vиər} ground-controlled approach radar [ENG] A grooving saw [MECH ENG] A circular saw for ground radar system providing information by cutting grooves. { gru¨ vиiŋ so˙ } which aircraft approaches may be directed by gross area [BUILD] Sum of the areas of all sto- radio communications. Abbreviated GCA ra- ries included within the outside face of the exte- dar. { grau˙ nd kən tro¯ ld ə pro¯ ch ra¯ da¨r} rior walls of a building. { gro¯ s ¦erиe¯иə } ground-controlled intercept radar [ENG] A ra- gross rubber [CHEM ENG] In rubber manufac- dar system by means of which a controller may turing, the total weight of salable product, in- direct an aircraft to make an interception of cluding elastomer, carbon black, extender oils, another aircraft. Abbreviated GCI radar. and other materials used in compounding the { grau˙ nd kən tro¯ ld inиtər sept ra¯ da¨r} rubber. { gro¯ s rəbиər} ground controller [ENG] Aircraft controller sta- gross ton See ton. { ¦gro¯ s ¦tən} tioned on the ground; a generic term, applied gross vehicle weight [IND ENG] A truck rating to the controller in ground-controlled approach, based on the combined weight of the vehicle ground-controlled interception, and so on. and its load. Abbreviated gvw. { gro¯ s ve¯иəи { grau˙ nd kən tro¯ lиər} kəl wa¯t} ground current See earth current. { grau˙ nd kəи gross weight [IND ENG] The weight of a vehicle rənt } or container when it is loaded with goods. Ab- ground data equipment [ENG] Any device lo- breviated gr wt. { ¦gros wa¯t } cated on the ground that aids in obtaining space- ground [ELEC] 1. A conducting path, inten- position or tracking data (including computation tional or accidental, between an electric circuit function); reads out data telemetry, video, and or equipment and the earth, or some conducting so on, from payload instrumentation, or is capa- body serving in place of the earth. Abbreviated ble of transmitting command and control signals gnd. Also known as earth (British usage); earth to a satellite or space vehicle. { grau˙ nd dadи connection. 2. To connect electrical equipment ə i kwipиmənt } to the earth or to some conducting body which ground detector [ELEC] An instrument or serves in place of the earth. { grau˙ nd } equipment used for indicating the presence of ground anchor See anchor log. { grau˙ nd aŋиkər} a ground on an ungrounded system. Also ground area [BUILD] The area of a building at known as ground indicator. { grau˙ nd di tekи ground level. { grau˙ nd erиe¯иə } tər} ground block [CIV ENG] A pulley fastened to the ground dielectric constant [ELEC] Dielectric anchor log which changes a horizontal pull to a constant of the earth at a given location. vertical pull on a wire line. { grau˙ nd bla¨k} { grau˙ nd diиə¦lekиtrik ka¨nиstənt } ground cable [ELEC] A heavy cable connected grounded-anode amplifier See cathode follower. to earth for the purpose of grounding electric { ¦grau˙ ndиəd an o¯ d amиplə fı¯иər} equipment. { grau˙ nd ka¯иbəl} grounded-base amplifier [ELECTR] An ampli- ground check [ENG] 1. A procedure followed fier that uses a transistor in a grounded-base prior to the release of a radiosonde in order to connection. { ¦grau˙ ndиəd ba¯s amиplə fı¯иər} obtain the temperature and humidity corrections grounded-base connection [ELECTR] A transis- for the radiosonde system. 2. Any instrumental tor circuit in which the base electrode is common check prior to the ground launch of an airborne to both the input and output circuits; the base experiment. Also known as base-line check. need not be directly connected to circuit ground. { grau˙ nd chek } Also known as common-base connection. ground-check chamber [ENG] A chamber that { ¦grau˙ ndиəd ba¯skə nekиshən}
255
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. grounded-cathode amplifier
grounded-cathode amplifier [ELECTR] Elec- that surrounds and affects a system or piece of tron-tube amplifier with a cathode at ground po- equipment that operates on the ground. tential at the operating frequency, with input 2. System or part of a system, as of a guidance applied between control grid and ground, and system, that functions on the ground; the aggre- with the output load connected between plate gate of equipment, conditions, facilities, and and ground. { ¦grau˙ ndиəd kath o¯ d amиplə fı¯и personnel that go to make up a system, or part of ər} a system, functioning on the ground. { grau˙ nd grounded-collector connection [ELECTR] A in¦vı¯иərnиmənt } transistor circuit in which the collector electrode ground fault [ELEC] Accidental grounding of a is common to both the input and output circuits; conductor. { grau˙ nd fo˙ lt } the collector need not be directly connected to ground fault interrupter [ELEC] A fast-acting circuit ground. Also known as common-collec- circuit breaker that also senses very small ground tor connection. { ¦grau˙ ndиədkə lekиtərkə nekи fault currents such as might flow through the ə sh n} body of a person standing on damp ground while grounded-emitter amplifier [ELECTR] An am- touching a hot alternating-current line wire. plifier that uses a transistor in a grounded-emit- { grau˙ nd fo˙ lt intиə rəpиtər} ter connection. { ¦grau˙ ndиədi midиər amиplə иə ground instrumentation See spacecraft ground fı¯ r} instrumentation. { grau˙ nd inиstrəиmən ta¯и grounded-emitter connection [ELECTR] A tran- shən} sistor circuit in which the emitter electrode is ground joint [CIV ENG] A closely fitted masonry common to both the input and output circuits; joint, usually set without mortar. [MECH the emitter need not be directly connected to ENG] A machined metal joint that makes a tight circuit ground. Also known as common-emitter fit without packing or a gasket. { grau˙ nd jo˙ int } connection. { ¦grau˙ ndиədi midиərkə nekи ground junction See grown junction. { grau˙ nd shən} jəŋkиshən} grounded-gate amplifier [ELECTR] Amplifier ground magnetic survey [ENG] A determina- that uses thin-film transistors in which the gate tion of the magnetic field at the surface of the electrode is connected to ground; the input sig- earth by means of ground-based instruments. nal is fed to the source electrode and the output { grau˙ nd mag¦nedиik sər va } is obtained from the drain electrode. { ¦grau˙ ndи ¯ groundman ENG A person employed in dig- əd ga¯t amиplə fı¯иər} [ ] ging or excavating. { grau˙ nd mən} grounded-grid amplifier [ELECTR] An electron- tube amplifier circuit in which the control grid ground noise [ENG ACOUS] The residual sys- is at ground potential at the operating frequency; tem noise in the absence of the signal in re- the input signal is applied between cathode and cording and reproducing; usually caused by in- ground, and the output load is connected be- homogeneity in the recording and reproducing tween anode and ground. { ¦grau˙ ndиəd grid media, but may also include tube noise and и ə иə noise generated in resistive elements in the am- am pl fı¯ r} grounded-grid-triode circuit [ELECTR] Circuit plifier system. { grau˙ nd no˙ iz } in which the input signal is applied to the cath- ground-penetrating radar See ground-probing ra- ¦ иə¦ и ŋ ode and the output is taken from the plate; the dar. { grau˙ nd pen tra¯d i ra¯ da¨r} grid is at radio-frequency ground and serves as ground potential [ELEC] Zero potential with re- a screen between the input and output circuits. spect to the ground or earth. { grau˙ nd ə и ə { ¦grau˙ ndиəd ¦grid ¦trı¯ o¯ d sərиkət} p ten ch l} grounded-grid-triode mixer [ELECTR] Triode in ground-probing radar [ENG] A nondestructive which the grid forms part of a grounded electro- technique using electromagnetic waves to locate static screen between the anode and cathode, objects or interfaces buried beneath the earth’s and is used as a mixer for centimeter wave- surface or located within a visually opaque struc- lengths. { ¦grau˙ ndиəd ¦grid ¦trı¯ o¯ d mikиsər} ture. Also known as ground-penetrating radar; grounded-plate amplifier See cathode follower. subsurface radar; surface-penetrating radar. { ¦grau˙ ndиəd pla¯t amиplə fı¯иər} { ¦grau¨ nd ¦pro¯ bиiŋ ra¯ da¨r} grounded system [ELEC] Any conducting appa- ground protection [ELEC] Protection provided ratus connected to ground. Also known as a circuit by a device which opens the circuit when earthed system. { ¦grau˙ ndиəd sisиtəm} a fault to ground occurs. { grau˙ nd prə tekи ground-effect machine See air-cushion vehicle. shən} { grau˙ nd i fekt mə she¯n} ground resistance [ELEC] Opposition of the ground electrode [ELEC] A conductor buried in earth to the flow of current through it; its value the ground, used to maintain conductors con- depends on the nature and moisture content of nected to it at ground potential and dissipate the soil, on the material, composition, and na- current conducted to it into the earth, or to pro- ture of connections to the earth, and on the vide a return path for electric current in a direct- electrolytic action present. { grau˙ nd ri zisи current power transmission system. Also təns } known as earth electrode; grounding electrode. ground return [ELEC] Use of the earth as the { grau˙ nd i¦lek tro¯ d} return path for a transmission line. { grau˙ nd ground environment [ENG] 1. Environment ri tərn }
256
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. gudgeon
ground surveillance radar [ENG] 1. A surveil- under pressure for injection into a grout hole or lance radar operated at a fixed point on the a rock formation. { grau˙ t pı¯p} earth’s surface for observation and control of grown-diffused transistor [ELECTR] A junction the position of aircraft or other vehicles in the transistor in which the final junctions are formed vicinity. 2. A radar system capable of detecting by diffusion of impurities near a grown junction. objects on the ground from points on the { ¦gro¯ ndi¦fyu¨ zd tran zisиtər} ground. { grau˙ nd sər va¯иləns ra¯ da¨r} grown junction [ELECTR] A junction produced ground trace [ENG] The theoretical mark traced by changing the types and amounts of donor upon the surface of the earth by a flying object, and acceptor impurities that are added during missile, or satellite as it passes over the surface, the growth of a semiconductor crystal from a the mark being made vertically from the object melt. Also known as ground junction. { ¦gro¯ n making the trace. { grau˙ nd tra¯s} ¦jəŋkиshən} ground ways [CIV ENG] Supports, usually made grown-junction photocell [ELECTR] A photodi- of heavy timbers, which are placed on the ground ode consisting of a bar of semiconductor mate- on either side of the keel of a ship under con- rial having a pn junction at right angles to its struction, providing a track for launching, and length and an ohmic contact at each end of the supporting the sliding ways. Also known as bar. { ¦gro¯ n ¦jəŋkиshən fo¯ dиo¯ sel } standing ways. { grau˙ nd wa¯z} grown-junction transistor [ELECTR] A junction ground wire [CIV ENG] A small-gage, high- transistor in which different impurities are strength steel wire used to establish line and placed in the melt in sequence as the silicon or grade for air-blown mortar or concrete. Also germanium seed crystal is slowly withdrawn, to known as alignment wire; screed wire. produce the alternate pn and np junctions. [ELEC] A conductor used to connect electric { ¦gro¯ n ¦jəŋkиshən tran zisиtər} equipment to a ground rod or other grounded grubbing [CIV ENG] Clearing stumps and roots. object. { grau˙ nd wı¯r} { grəbиiŋ } group bus [ELEC] A scheme of electrical con- grub screw [DES ENG] A headless screw with a nections for a generating station in which more slot at one end to receive a screwdriver. than two feeder lines are supplied by two bus- { grəb skru¨ } selector circuit breakers which lead to a main gr wt See gross weight. bus and an auxiliary bus. { gru¨ p ¦bəs} g suit [ENG] A suit that exerts pressure on the group incentive [IND ENG] Any wage incentive abdomen and lower parts of the body to prevent applied to more than one employee who is en- or retard the collection of blood below the chest gaged in group work characterized by interdepen- under positive acceleration. Also known as dent relationship between operations with con- anti-g suit. { je¯ su¨ t} sequent physical proximity and unification of guard [ENG] A shield or other fixture designed interest. { gru¨ pin senиtiv} to protect against injury. { ga¨rd } group technology [IND ENG] A manufacturing guard circle [DES ENG] The closed loop at the system that uses a classification and coding end of a grooved record. { ga¨rd sərиkəl} scheme to group parts into families based on guard lock [CIV ENG] See entrance lock. [EN- similar manufacturing requirements, and speci- G] An auxiliary lock that must be opened before fies parts characteristics, process plans, setups, the key can be turned in a main lock. { ga¨rd and manufacturing sequences. { gru¨ p tek na¨lи la¨k} əиje¯ } guardrail [CIV ENG] 1. A handrail. 2. A rail grouser [ENG] A temporary pile or a heavy, made of posts and a metal strip used on a road iron-shod pole driven into the bottom of a as a divider between lines of traffic in opposite stream to hold a drilling or dredging boat or directions or used as a safety barrier on curves. other floating object in position. Also known 3. A rail fixed close to the outside of the inner as spud. { grau˙ sиər} rail on railway curves to hold the inner wheels grout curtain [ENG] A row of vertically drilled of a railway car on the rail. Also known as check holes filled with grout under pressure to form rail; safety rail; slide rail. { ga¨rd ra¯l} the cutoff wall under a dam, or to form a barrier guard ring [ELEC] A ring-shaped auxiliary elec- around an excavation through which water can- trode surrounding one of the plates of a parallel- not seep or flow. { grau˙ t kərtиən } plate capacitor to reduce edge effects. grout hole [ENG] 1. One of the holes in a grout [ELECTR] A ring-shaped auxiliary electrode curtain. 2. Any hole into which grout is forced used in an electron tube or other device to mod- under pressure to consolidate the surrounding ify the electric field or reduce insulator leakage; earth or rock. { grau˙ t ho¯ l } in a counter tube or ionization chamber a guard grouting [ENG] The act or process of applying ring may also serve to define the sensitive vol- grout or of injecting grout into grout holes or ume. [THERMO] A device used in heat flow crevices of a rock. { grau˙ dиiŋ } experiments to ensure an even distribution of grout injector [ENG] A machine that mixes the heat, consisting of a ring that surrounds the dry ingredients for a grout with water and injects specimen and is made of a similar material. it, under pressure, into a grout hole. { grau˙ t{ ga¨rd riŋ } in jekиtər} gudgeon [ENG] 1. A pivot. 2. A pin for fasten- grout pipe [ENG] A pipe that transports grout ing stone blocks. { gəjиən}
257
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Guggenheim process
Guggenheim process [CIV ENG] A method of flowing, and T0 is the absolute temperature of chemical precipitation which employs ferric the gas stream. Symbolized Gu; NGu.{ gu˙ kи chloride and aeration to prepare sludge for filtra- mən nəmиbər} tion. { gu˙ gиənиhı¯m pra¨sиəs} Guldberg-Waage group [CHEM ENG] A dimen- guidance site [ENG] Specific location of high- sionless number used in studying chemical reac- order geodetic accuracy containing equipment tions in blast furnaces; it is given by an equation and structures necessary to provide guidance relating volumes of reacting gases and reacting services or a given launch rate; it may be an products. Symbolized NGW.{ gu˙ ltиberk va¨gиə integrated part of a launch site, or it may be a gru¨ p} remote facility. { gı¯dиəns sı¯t} gull-wing door [DES ENG] A door on an auto- guidance station equipment [ENG] The motive vehicle that is hinged at the top, opens ground-based portion of the missile guidance upward, and, in the open position, resembles an system necessary to provide guidance during airplane gull wing. { ¦gəl wiŋ do˙ r} missile flight; it specifically includes the tracking gum test [CHEM ENG] A standard American So- radar, the rate measuring equipment, the data ciety for Testing and Materials test to determine link equipment, and the computer, test, and the amount of gums in gasolines. { gəm test } maintenance equipment integral to these items. иə и ə и ə gunbarrel [CHEM ENG] An atmospheric vessel { gı¯d ns sta¯ sh nikwip m nt } used for treatment of waterflood waste water. guide bearing [MECH ENG] A plain bearing { gən barиəl} used to guide a machine element in its length- gun burner [ENG] A burner which sprays liquid wise motion, usually without rotation of the ele- ə и ŋ fuel into a furnace for combustion. { g n ment. { gı¯d ber i } ¦bərиnər} guide idler [MECH ENG] An idler roll with its gunite [CIV ENG] A mixture of cement, sand, supporting structure mounted on a conveyor and water that is sprayed on a surface for re- frame to guide the belt in a defined horizontal pairing portions of existing structures, lining res- path, usually by contact with the edge of the ervoirs, and encasing steel for fireproofing. belt. { gı¯d ¯ıdиlər} { gə nı¯t} guide key See home key. { gı¯d ke¯ } gun-laying radar [ENG] Radar equipment spe- guideline [IND ENG] A document containing recommendations for methods that should be cifically designed to determine range, azimuth, and elevation of a target and sometimes also to used to achieve a desired goal. { gı¯d lı¯n} automatically aim and fire antiaircraft artillery guidepath [ENG] The path over which an auto- ə и ŋ mated guided vehicle travels; often contains or other guns. { g n la¯ i ra¯ da¨r} some means of communication with the guid- Gunn effect [ELECTR] Development of a rapidly ance system, such as a guidewire. { gı¯d path } fluctuating current in a small block of a semicon- guide pin [ENG] A pin used to line up a tool or ductor (perhaps n-type gallium arsenide) when die with the work. { gı¯d pin } a constant voltage above a critical value is ap- plied to contacts on opposite faces. { gən guide post [CIV ENG] A post along a road that bears direction signs or guide boards. { gı¯d i fekt } po¯ st } gunner’s quadrant [ENG] Mechanical device guide rail [CIV ENG] A track or rail that serves having scales graduated in mils, with fine mi- to guide movement, as of a sliding door, window, crometer adjustments and leveling or cross- or similar element. { gı¯d ra¯l} leveling vials; it is a separate, unattached instru- guides [MECH ENG] 1. Pulleys to lead a driving ment for hand placement on a reference surface. ¦ ə иə и ə belt or rope in a new direction or to keep it { g n rz kwa¨d r nt } from leaving its desired direction. 2. Tracks that gun pendulum [ENG] A device used to deter- support and determine the path of a skip bucket mine the initial velocity of a projectile fired from and skip bucket bail. 3. Tracks guiding the a gun in which the gun is mounted as a pendu- chain or buckets of a bucket elevator. 4. The lum and its excursion upon firing is measured. runway paralleling the path of the conveyor { gən ¦penиjəиləm} which limits the conveyor or parts of a conveyor gun reaction [MECH] The force exerted on the to movement in a defined path. { gı¯dz } gun mount by the rearward movement of the guidewire [ENG] A wire embedded in the sur- gun resulting from the forward motion of the face of the path traveled by an electromagneti- projectile and hot gases. Also known as recoil. cally guided automated guided vehicle. { gənre¯ akиshən} { gı¯d wı¯r} Gunter’s chain [ENG] A chain 66 feet (20.1168 guillotine shears [ENG] A cutting tool fitted meters) long, consisting of 100 steel links, each with vertically mounted blades, the bottom 7.92 inches (20.1168 centimeters) long, joined blade being fixed in position and the top blade by rings, which is used as the unit of length mounted on a movable ram. { ge¯иə te¯n shirz } for surveying public lands in the United States. Gukhman number [THERMO] A dimensionless Also known as chain. { gənиtərz ¦cha¯n} number used in studying convective heat trans- gun-type burner [ENG] An oil burner that uses ə ¦ ə и ə fer in evaporation, equal to (t0 Ϫ tm)/T0, where t0 a nozzle to atomize the fuel. { g n tı¯p b r n r} is the temperature of a hot gas stream, tm is the gusset [CIV ENG] A plate that is used to temperature of a moist surface over which it is strengthen truss joints. { gəsиət}
258
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. gyro wheel
gusset plate [CIV ENG] A rectangular or triangu- a distance the indications of the master gyro lar steel plate that connects members of a truss. compass system. { ¦jı¯иro¯ иri pe¯dиər} { gəsиət pla¯t} gyroscope [ENG] An instrument that maintains gust load [MECH] The wind load on an antenna an angular reference direction by virtue of a rap- due to gusts. { gəst lo¯ d} idly spinning, heavy mass; all applications of the gustsonde [ENG] An instrument dropped from gyroscope depend on a special form of Newton’s high altitude by a stable parachute, to measure second law, which states that a massive, rapidly the vertical component of turbulence aloft; con- spinning body rigidly resists being disturbed and sists of an accelerometer and radio telemetering tends to react to a disturbing torque by precess- equipment. { gəst sa¨nd } ing (rotating slowly) in a direction at right angles gutter [BUILD] A trough along the edge of the to the direction of torque. Also known as gyro. eaves of a building to carry off rainwater. [CIV { jı¯иrə sko¯ p} ENG] A shallow trench provided beside a canal, gyroscopic-clinograph method [ENG] A bordering a highway, or elsewhere, for surface method used in borehole surveying which meas- drainage. { gədиər} ures time, temperature, and temperature on 16- guttering [ENG] A process of quarrying stone in millimeter film while a gyroscope maintains the which channels, several inches wide, are cut by casing on a fixed bearing. { jı¯иrə ska¨pиik klı¯nи hand tools, and the stone block is detached from ə graf methиəd} the bed by pinch bars. { gədиəиriŋ } gyroscopic/Coriolis-type mass flowmeter [ENG] guy [ENG] A rope or wire securing a pole, der- An instrument consisting of a C-shaped pipe and rick, or similar temporary structure in a vertical a T-shaped leaf-spring tuning fork which is ex- position. { gı¯ } cited by an electromagnetic forcer, resulting in guy derrick [MECH ENG] A derrick having a ver- an angular deflection of the pipe which is directly tical pole supported by guy ropes to which a proportional to the mass-flow rate within the pipe. { jı¯иrə ska¨pиik ko˙ rиe¯ o¯ иləs tı¯p ¦mas flo¯ boom is attached by rope or cable suspension at иə the top and by a pivot at the foot. { gı¯ derиik } me¯d r} gvw See gross vehicle weight. gyroscopic couple [MECH ENG] The turning moment which opposes any change of the incli- gyratory breaker See gyratory crusher. { jı¯иrə to˙ rи nation of the axis of rotation of a gyroscope. e¯ bra¯kиər} { jı¯иrə ska¨pиik kəpиəl} gyratory crusher [MECH ENG] A primary break- gyroscopic mass flowmeter [ENG] An instru- ing machine in the form of two cones, an outer ment in which the torque on a rotating pipe of fixed cone and a solid inner erect cone mounted suitable shape, through which a fluid is made on an eccentric bearing. Also known as gyratory и ə и ə иə to flow, is measured to determine the mass flow breaker. { jı¯ r to˙ r e¯ kr sh r} through the pipe. { jı¯иrə ska¨pиik ¦mas flo¯ gyratory screen [MECH ENG] Boxlike machine me¯dиər} with a series of horizontal screens nested in a gyroscopic precession [MECH] The turning of vertical stack with downward-decreasing mesh- the axis of spin of a gyroscope as a result of an opening sizes; near-circular motion causes un- external torque acting on the gyroscope; the axis dersized material to sift down through each always turns toward the direction of the torque. и ə и screen in succession. { jı¯ r to˙ r e¯ skre¯n} { jı¯иrə ska¨pиik pre¯ seshиən} и gyro See gyroscope. { jı¯ ro¯ } gyroscopics [MECH] The branch of mechanics gyrodynamics [MECH] The study of rotating concerned with gyroscopes and their use in sta- bodies, especially those subject to precession. bilization and control of ships, aircraft, projec- { jı¯иro¯ иdı¯ namиiks } tiles, and other objects. { jı¯иrə ska¨pиiks } gyropendulum [MECH ENG] A gravity pendu- gyrostabilizer [ENG] A gyroscope used to stabi- lum attached to a rapidly spinning gyro wheel. lize ships and airplanes. { ¦jı¯иro¯ sta¯иbə lı¯zиər} { ¦jı¯иro¯ ¦penиjəиləm} gyro wheel [MECH ENG] The rapidly spinning gyrorepeater [ENG] That part of a remote indi- wheel in a gyroscope, which resists being dis- cating gyro compass system which repeats at turbed. { jı¯иro¯ we¯l}
259
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. This page intentionally left blank.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. H
ha See hectare. producing as output a difference digit and a bor- Haber-Bosch process [CHEM ENG] Early nitro- row digit. Also known as one-digit subtracter; gen-fixation process for production of ammonia two-input subtracter. { haf səb trakиtər} from hydrogen and nitrogen, catalyzed by iron; half-through arch [CIV ENG] A bridge arch hav- now replaced by more efficient ammonia synthe- ing the roadway running through it at an eleva- sis processes. Also known as Haber process. tion midway between the base and the crown. { ¦ha¨иbər ¦bo˙ sh pra¨иsəs} { haf thru¨ a¨rch } Haber process See Haber-Bosch process. { ha¨и half-tide basin [CIV ENG] A lock of very large bər pra¨иsəs} size and usually of irregular shape, the gates of hacking [ENG] The technique of roughening a which are kept open for several hours after high surface by striking it with a tool. { hakиiŋ } tide so that vessels may enter as long as there hacking knife [ENG] A tool for removing old is sufficient depth over the sill; vessels remain putty from a window frame prior to reglazing. in the half-tide basin until the ensuing flood Also known as hacking-out tool. { hakиiŋ nı¯f} tide, when they may pass through the gate to hacking-out tool See hacking knife. { hakиiŋ the inner harbor; if entry to the inner harbor is au˙ t tu¨ l} required before this time, water must be admit- ted to the half-tide basin from some external hacksaw [ENG] A hand or power tool consisting иə of a fine-toothed blade held in tension in a bow- source. { haf tı¯d ba¯s n} shaped frame; used for cutting metal, wood, and half-timbered [BUILD] Pertaining to a timber other hard materials. { hak so˙ } frame building with brickwork, plaster, or wattle and daub filling the spaces between the timbers. hair hygrometer [ENG] A hygrometer in which ¦ и ə the sensing element is a bundle of human hair, { haf tim b rd } which is held under slight tension by a spring half-track [MECH ENG] 1. A chain-track drive system for a vehicle; consists of an endless metal and which expands and contracts with changes belt on each side of the vehicle driven by one in the moisture of the surrounding air or gas. of two inside sprockets and running on bogie { her hı¯ gra¨mиədиər} wheels; the revolving belt lays down on the hairline See air line. { her lı¯n} ground a flexible track of cleated steel or hard- hairpin tube [DES ENG] A boiler tube bent into rubber plates; the front end of the vehicle is a hairpin, or U, shape. { her pin tu¨ b} supported by a pair of wheels. 2. A motor vehi- half-adder ELECTR A logic element which op- [ ] cle equipped with half-tracks. { haf trak } erates on two binary digits (but no carry digits) half-track tape recorder See double-track tape re- from a preceding stage, producing as output a corder. { haf trak ta¯pri ko˙ rdиər} sum digit and a carry digit. { ¦haf ¦adиər} Hall cyclic thermal reforming [CHEM ENG] A half cycle [ENG] The time interval correspond- gas-making process that uses component parts Њ ing to half a cycle, or 180 , at the operating fre- of carbureted-water gas apparatus to generate ¦ и ə quency of a circuit or device. { haf sı¯ k l} high-Btu gas from feedstocks ranging from naph- half-dog setscrew [DES ENG] A setscrew with a tha to Bunker C. { ho˙ l sı¯иklik ¦thərиməlre¯ fo˙ rи short, blunt point. { haf do˙ g set skru¨ } miŋ } half nut [DES ENG] A nut split lengthwise so Hall-effect gaussmeter [ENG] A gaussmeter that it can be clamped around a screw. { haf that consists of a thin piece of silicon or other nət} semiconductor material which is inserted be- half-round file [DES ENG] A file that is flat on tween the poles of a magnet to measure the one side and convex on the other. { haf magnetic field strength by means of the Hall ¦rau˙ nd fı¯l} effect. { ho˙ li fekt gau˙ s me¯dиər} half space [BUILD] A broad step between two Hall-plate device [ENG] A sensor that uses the half flights of a stair. { haf spa¯s} Hall effect to measure magnetic field strength. half-subtracter [ELECTR] A logic element which { ho˙ l ¦pla¯tdi vı¯s} operates on two digits from a preceding stage, halo effect [IND ENG] A tendency when rating
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. halophone
a person in regard to a specific trait to be influ- horizontal jib that is counterbalanced. { hamи enced by a general impression or by another trait ər hed kra¯n} of the person. { ha¯иlo¯ i fekt } hammer mill [MECH ENG] 1. A type of impact halophone [ENG] A device that records pat- mill or crusher in which materials are reduced terns in time in a manner analogous to the way in size by hammers revolving rapidly in a vertical that optical holograms record space. { halи plane within a steel casing. Also known as ə fo¯ n} beater mill. 2. A grinding machine which pul- Halsey premium plan [IND ENG] A wage-incen- verizes feed and other products by several rows tive plan which sets a guaranteed daily rate to of thin hammers revolving at high speed. an employee and provides for predetermined { hamиər mil } compensation for superior performance. { ho˙ lи hammer milling [MECH ENG] Crushing or frac- ze¯ pre¯иme¯иəm plan } turing materials in a hammer mill. { hamиər и ŋ Hamiltonian function [MECH] A function of the mil i } generalized coordinates and momenta of a sys- hand See end effector. { hand } tem, equal in value to the sum over the coordi- hand auger [DES ENG] A hand tool resembling nates of the product of the generalized momen- a large carpenters’ bit or comprising a short tum corresponding to the coordinate, and the cylindrical container with cutting lips attached coordinate’s time derivative, minus the Lagran- to a rod; used to bore shallow holes in the soil gian of the system; it is numerically equal to the to obtain samples of it and other relatively un- consolidated near-surface materials. { hand total energy if the Lagrangian does not depend ¦ иə on time explicitly; the equations of motion of o˙ g r} the system are determined by the functional de- handbarrow [ENG] A flat, rectangular frame pendence of the Hamiltonian on the generalized with handles at both ends, carried by two per- sons to transport objects. Also known as bar- coordinates and momenta. { hamиəl to¯ иne¯иən row. { hand barиo } ¦fəŋkиshən} ¯ hand brake [MECH ENG] A manually operated Hamilton-Jacobi theory [MECH] A theory that brake. { hand bra¯k} provides a means for discussing the motion of handcar [MECH ENG] A small, four-wheeled, a dynamic system in terms of a single partial hand-pumped car used on railroad tracks to differential equation of the first order, the Hamil- transport workers and equipment for construc- ton-Jacobi equation. { hamиəlиtənjə ko¯ иbe¯ иəи tion or repair work; other cars for the same pur- the¯ re¯ } pose are motor-operated. { hand ka¨r} Hamilton’s equations of motion MECH A set [ ] hand drill [DES ENG] A small, portable drilling of first-order, highly symmetrical equations de- machine which is operated by hand. { hand scribing the motion of a classical dynamical sys- dril } tem, namely q˙ j ϭѨH/Ѩpj, p˙ j ϭϪѨH/Ѩqj; here qj ϭ hand feed [ENG] A drill machine in which the (j 1, 2, . . .) are generalized coordinates of the rate at which the bit is made to penetrate the system, pj is the momentum conjugate to qj, and rock is controlled by a hand-operated ratchet H is the Hamiltonian. Also known as canonical and lever or a hand-turned wheel meshing with иə и ə ¦ и equations of motion. { ham l t nz i kwa¯ a screw mechanism. { hand fed} ə ə и ə ¯ zh nz v mo¯ sh n} hand float [ENG] A wooden tool used to fill in Hamilton’s principle [MECH] A variational prin- and smooth a plaster surface in order to produce ciple which states that the path of a conservative a level base coat or a textured finish coat. system in configuration space between two con- { hand flo¯ t} figurations is such that the integral of the La- hand hammer drill [ENG] A hand-held rock drill. grangian function over time is a minimum or { hand hamиər dril } maximum relative to nearby paths between the hand-held scanner [ENG] An image-reading same end points and taking the same time. device that is held and operated by a person. { hamиəlиtənz ¦prinиsəиpəl} { ¦hand held skanиər} hammer [DES ENG] 1. A hand tool used for handhole [ENG] A shallow access hole large pounding and consisting of a solid metal head enough for a hand to be inserted for mainte- set crosswise on the end of a handle. 2. An nance and repair of machinery or equipment. arm with a striking head for sounding a bell or { hand ho¯ l} gong. [MECH ENG] A power tool with a metal hand lance [ENG] A hand-held pipe with a noz- block or a drill for the head. { hamиər} zle through which steam or air is discharged; hammer drill [MECH ENG] Any of three types of used to remove soot deposits from the external fast-cutting, compressed-air rock drills (drifter, surfaces of boiler tubes. { hand lans } sinker, and stoper) in which a hammer strikes handle [MECH ENG] The arm connecting the rapid blows on a loosely held piston, and the bucket with the boom in a dipper shovel or hoe. bit remains against the rock in the bottom of { hanиdəl} the hole, rebounding slightly at each blow, but hand lead [ENG] A light sounding lead (7–14 does not reciprocate. { hamиər dril } pounds or 3–6 kilograms) usually having a line hammerhead [DES ENG] The striking part of a not more than 25 fathoms (46 meters) in length. hammer. { hamиər hed } { hand led } hammerhead crane [MECH ENG] A crane with a hand level [ENG] A hand-held surveyor’s level,
262
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. hard-surface
basically a telescope with a bubble tube attached release of entrapped tracer gas from a leak detec- so that the position of the bubble can be seen tor vacuum system. { haŋ əp} when looking through the telescope. { hand HAP See hazardous air pollutants. { hap or levиəl} ¦a¯ch¦a¯ pe¯ } handling time [IND ENG] The time needed to harbor engineering [CIV ENG] Planning and de- transport parts or materials to or from a work sign of facilities for ships to discharge or receive area. { handиliŋ tı¯m } cargo and passengers. { ha¨rиbər enиjə nirиiŋ } hand punch [DES ENG] A hand-held device for harbor line [CIV ENG] The line beyond which punching holes in paper or cards. { hand wharves and other structures cannot be ex- pənch } tended. { ha¨rиbər lı¯n} handrail [ENG] A narrow rail to be grasped by hard automation [IND ENG] Automation that a person for support. { hand ra¯l} makes use of specially designed equipment for handsaw [DES ENG] A saw operated by hand, production. { ha¨rd o˙ dиə ma¯иshən} with a backward and forward arm movement. hard beach [CIV ENG] A portion of a beach es- { hand so˙ } pecially prepared with a hard surface extending handset [DES ENG] A combination of a tele- into the water, employed for the purpose of load- phone-type receiver and transmitter, designed ing or unloading directly into or from landing for holding in one hand. { hand set } ships or landing craft. { ha¨rd ¦be¯ch } handset bit [DES ENG] A bit in which the dia- hard goods See durable goods. { ha¨rd gu˙ dz } monds are manually set into holes that are Hardgrove grindability index [ENG] The rela- drilled into a malleable-steel bit blank and tive grindability of ores and minerals in compari- shaped to fit the diamonds. { hand set bit } son with standard coal, chosen as 100 grindabil- hand-tight [ENG] The extent of tightening of ity, as determined by a miniature ball-ring pul- screwed fittings that can be accomplished with- verizer. Also known as Hardgrove number. out mechanical assistance. { ¦hand ¦tı¯t} { ha¨r gro¯ v grı¯nиdə bilиədиe¯ in deks } hand time [IND ENG] The time necessary to Hardgrove number See Hardgrove grindability in- complete a manual element. Also known as dex. { ha¨r gro¯ v nəmиbər} manual time. { hand tı¯m} hard hat [ENG] A safety hat usually having a hand tool [ENG] Any implement used by hand. metal crown; used by construction workers and { hand tu¨ l} miners. { ha¨rd hat } hand truck [ENG] 1. A manually operated, two- Hardinge feeder-weigher [MECH ENG] A piv- wheeled truck consisting of a rectangular frame oted, short belt conveyor which controls the rate with handles at the top and a plate at the bottom of material flow from a hopper by weight per to slide under the load. 2. Any of various small, cubic foot. { ha¨rиdiŋ ¦fe¯dиər ¦wa¯иər} manually operated, multiwheeled platform Hardinge mill [MECH ENG] A tricone type of ball trucks for transporting materials. { hand trək} mill; the cones become steeper from the feed hand winch [MECH ENG] A winch that is oper- end toward the discharge end. { ha¨rиdiŋ mil } ated by hand. { hand winch } Hardinge thickener [ENG] A machine for re- hangar [CIV ENG] A building at an airport spe- moving the maximum amount of liquid from a cially designed in height and width to enable mixture of liquid and finally divided solids by aircraft to be stored or maintained in it. allowing the solids to settle out on the bottom { haŋиər} as sludge while the liquid overflows at the top. hanger [CIV ENG] An iron strap which lends { ha¨rиdiŋ thikиənиər} support to a joist beam or pipe. { haŋиər} hard-laid [DES ENG] Pertaining to rope with hanger bolt [DES ENG] A bolt with a machine- strands twisted at a 45Њ angle. { ha¨rd ¦la¯d} screw thread on one end and a lag-screw thread hardness [ENG] Property of an installation, fa- on the other. { haŋиər bo¯ lt } cility, transmission link, or equipment that will hangfire [ENG] Delay in the explosion of a prevent an unacceptable level of damage. charge. { haŋ fı¯r} { ha¨rdиnəs} hanging-drop atomizer [MECH ENG] An atom- hardness number [ENG] A number represent- izing device used in gravitational atomization; ing the relative hardness of a mineral, metal, or functions by quasi-static emission of a drop from other material as determined by any of more a wetted surface. Also known as pendant atom- than 30 different hardness tests. { ha¨rdиnəs izer. { haŋиiŋ dra¨p adиə mı¯zиər} nəmиbər} hanging load [MECH ENG] 1. The weight that hardness test [ENG] A test to determine the rel- can be suspended on a hoist line or hook device ative hardness of a metal, mineral, or other mate- in a drill tripod or derrick without causing the rial according to one of several scales, such as members of the derrick or tripod to buckle. Brinell, Mohs, or Shore. { ha¨rdиnəs test } 2. The weight suspended or supported by a bear- hardstand [CIV ENG] 1. A paved or stabilized ing. { haŋиiŋ ¦lo¯ d} area where vehicles or aircraft are parked. hanging scaffold [CIV ENG] A movable platform 2. Open ground area having a prepared surface suspended by ropes and pulleys; used by workers and used for storage of material. { ha¨rd stand } for above-ground building construction and hard-surface [CIV ENG] To treat a ground sur- maintenance. { haŋиiŋ ¦ska fəld } face in order to prevent muddiness. { ha¨rd hang-up [ENG] A virtual leak resulting from the ¦sərиfəs}
263
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. hardware
hardware [ENG] Items made of metal, such as taffrail log; the two types of logs are similar ex- tools, fittings, fasteners, and appliances. cept that the registering device of the taffrail log { ha¨rd wer } is located at the taffrail and only the rotator is hard-wire [ELEC] To connect electric compo- in the water. { ha¨r pu¨ n la¨g} nents with solid, metallic wires as opposed to Harrison’s gridiron pendulum [DES ENG] A radio links and the like. { ha¨rd ¦wı¯r} type of compensated pendulum that has five iron hardwood bearing [MECH ENG] A fluid-film rods and four brass rods arranged so that the bearing made of lignum vitae which has a natural effects of their thermal expansion cancel. gum, or of hard maple which is impregnated with { ¦harиiиsənz grid ¯ıиərn penиjəиləm} oil, grease, or wax. { ha¨rd wu˙ d ¦berиiŋ } Hartford loop [MECH ENG] A condensate return Hardy plankton indicator [ENG] Metal- arrangement for low-pressure, steam-heating shrouded net sampler designed to collect speci- systems featuring a steady water line in the mens of plankton during normal passage of a boiler. { ha¨rtиfərd lu¨ p} ship. { ha¨rdиe¯ plaŋkиtən inиdə ka¯dиər} Hartmann generator [ENG ACOUS] A device in Hare’s hygrometer [ENG] A type of hydrometer which shock waves generated at the edges of a in which the ratio of the densities of two liquids nozzle by a supersonic gas jet resonate with the is determined by measuring the heights to which opening of a small cylindrical pipe, placed oppo- site the nozzle, to produce powerful ultrasonic they rise in two vertical glass tubes, connected и ə иə иə at their upper ends, when suction is applied. sound waves. { ha¨rt m n jen ra¯d r} { herz hı¯ gra¨mиədиər} Hasche process [CHEM ENG] A thermal re- forming process for hydrocarbon fuels; it is a Hargreaves process [CHEM ENG] A process for the manufacture of salt cake (sodium sulfate) noncatalytic regenerative method in which a mix- by passing a mixture of sulfur dioxide and air ture of hydrocarbon gas or vapor and air is passed through a regenerative mass that is pro- through sodium chloride brine in a countercur- gressively hotter in the direction of the gas flow; rent manner. { ha¨rиgre¯vz pra¨иsəs} partial combustion occurs, liberating heat to HARM See high-aspect-ratio micromachining. crack the remaining hydrocarbons in a combus- { ¦a¯ch¦a¯¦a¨r em or ha¨rm } tion zone. { ha¨shиə pra¨иsəs} harmonic drive [MECH ENG] A drive system hasp [DES ENG] A two-piece fastening device that uses inner and outer gear bands to provide и having a loop on one piece and a hinged plate smooth motion. { ha¨r ma¨n ik drı¯v} that fits over the loop on the other. { hasp } harmonic motion [MECH] A periodic motion hatch [ENG] A door or opening, especially on that is a sinusoidal function of time, that is, an airplane, spacecraft, or ship. { hach } motion along a line given by the equation x ϭ hatch beam [ENG] A heavy, portable beam a cos (kt ϩ ), where t is the time parameter, which supports a hatch cover. { hach be¯m} and a, k, and are constants. Also known as hatch cover [ENG] A steel or wooden cover for harmonic vibration; simple harmonic motion ə иə и и ə a hatch. { hach k v r} (SHM). { ha¨r ma¨n ik mo¯ sh n} hatchet [DES ENG] A small ax with a short han- harmonic oscillator [ELECTR] See sinusoidal dle and a hammerhead in addition to the cutting oscillator. [MECH] Any physical system that is edge. { hachиət} bound to a position of stable equilibrium by a haul [ENG] A single tow of a net or dredge. restoring force or torque proportional to the lin- {ho˙ l} ear or angular displacement from this position. hawk [ENG] A board with a handle underneath и иə иə {ha¨r ma¨n ik a¨s la¯d r} used by a workman to hold mortar. { ho˙ k} harmonic speed changer [MECH ENG] A me- Hayward grab bucket [MECH ENG] A clamshell chanical-drive system used to transmit rotary, type of grab bucket used for handling coal, sand, linear, or angular motion at high ratios and with gravel, and other flowable materials. { ha¯иwərd positive motion. { ha¨r ma¨nиik spe¯d cha¯nиjər} grab bəkиət} harmonic synthesizer [MECH] A machine Hayward orange peel [MECH ENG] A grab which combines elementary harmonic constit- bucket that operates like the clamshell type but uents into a single periodic function; a tide-pre- has four blades pivoted to close. { ha¯иwərd a¨и dicting machine is an example. { ha¨r ma¨nиik rənj pe¯l} sinиthə sı¯zиər} hazard [IND ENG] Any risk to which a worker is harmonic vibration See harmonic motion. { ha¨r subject as a direct result (in whole or in part) of ma¨nиik vı¯ bra¯иshən} his being employed. { hazиərd } harness [ELEC] Wire and cables so arranged hazardous air pollutants [ENG] Chemicals that and tied together that they may be inserted and are known or suspected to cause cancer or other connected, or may be removed after discon- serious health effects, such as reproductive ef- nection, as a unit. { ha¨rиnəs} fects or birth defects, or adverse environmental harpoon [DES ENG] A barbed spear used to effects. Listed hazardous air pollutants include catch whales. { ha¨r pu¨ n} benzene, found in gasoline; perchlorethlyene, harpoon log [ENG] A log which consists essen- emitted from some dry cleaning facilities; and tially of a rotator and distance registering device methylene chloride, used as a solvent and paint combined in a single unit, and towed through stripper in industry; as well as dioxin, asbestos, the water; it has been largely replaced by the toluene, and metals such as cadmium, mercury,
264
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. heat
chromium, and lead compounds. Also known head motion [MECH ENG] The vibrator on a re- as air toxics. Abbreviated HAP. { hazиərиdəs ciprocating table concentrator which imparts er pə lu¨ tиəns } motion to the deck. { hed mo¯ иshən} hazemeter See transmissometer. { ha¯z me¯dиər} headphone [ENG ACOUS] An electroacoustic H beam [CIV ENG] A beam similar to the I beam transducer designed to be held against an ear but with longer flanges. Also known as wide- by a clamp passing over the head, for private flange beam. { a¯ch be¯m } listening to the audio output of a communica- H bit [DES ENG] A core bit manufactured and tions, radio, or television receiver or other source used in Canada having inside and outside diame- of audio-frequency signals. Also known as ters of 2.875 and 3.875 inches (73.025 and 98.425 phone. { hed fo¯ n} millimeters), respectively; the matching reaming head pulley [MECH ENG] The pulley at the dis- shell has an outside diameter of 3.906 inches charge end of a conveyor belt; may be either an (99.2124 millimeters). { a¯ch bit } idler or a drive pulley. { hed pu˙ lиe¯ } head [BUILD] The upper part of the frame on a head-pulley-drive conveyor [MECH ENG] A door or window. [ELECTR] The photoelectric conveyor having the belt driven by the head pul- unit that converts the sound track on motion ley without a snub pulley. { hed pu˙ lиe¯ ¦drı¯v picture film into corresponding audio signals in kən va¯иər} a motion picture projector. [ENG] 1. The end head scanning [IND ENG] Scanning of the vi- section of a plastics blow-molding machine in sual field by using movement of both the head which a hollow parison is formed from the melt. and the eyeballs. { hed skanиiŋ } 2. The section of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger head section [ENG] That part of belt conveyor from which fluid from the tube bundle is dis- which consists of a drive pulley, a head pulley charged. [ENG ACOUS] See cutter. { hed } which may or may not be a drive pulley, belt headache post [MECH ENG] A post installed on idlers if included, and the necessary framing. a cable-tool rig for supporting the end of the { hed sekиshən} walking beam when the rig is not operating. headset [ENG ACOUS] A single headphone or a { hed a¯k po¯ st } pair of headphones, with a clamping strap or headbox [ENG] A device for controlling the flow wires holding them in position. { hed set } of a suspension of solids into a machine. head shaft [MECH ENG] The shaft driven by a { hed ba¨ks } chain and mounted at the delivery end of a chain header [BUILD] A framing beam positioned be- conveyor; it serves as the mount for a sprocket tween trimmers and supported at each end by which drives the drag chain. { hed shaft } a tail beam. [CIV ENG] Brick or stone laid in headsill [BUILD] A horizontal beam at the top a wall with its narrow end facing the wall. of the frame of a door or window. { hed sil } [ELEC] A mounting plate through which the in- headstock [MECH ENG] 1. The device on a lathe sulated terminals or leads are brought out from a for carrying the revolving spindle. 2. The mov- hermetically sealed relay, transformer, transistor, able head of certain measuring machines. tube, or other device. [ENG] A pipe, conduit, 3. The device on a cylindrical grinding machine or chamber which distributes fluid from a series for rotating the work. 4. Also known as work- of smaller pipes or conduits; an example is a head. { hed sta¨k} manifold. [MECH ENG] A machine used for head up [ENG] To tighten bolts on a hatch cover gathering or upsetting materials; used for screw, or access hole plate to prevent leakage from or rivet, and bolt heads. { hedиər } into an operating vessel. { hed əp} header bond [CIV ENG] A masonry bond con- headwall [CIV ENG] A retaining wall at the out- sisting of header courses exclusively. { hedи let of a drain or culvert. { hed wo˙ l} ər ba¨nd } headworks [CIV ENG] Any device or structure at header course [CIV ENG] A masonry course of the head or diversion point of a waterway. bricks laid as headers. { hedиər ko˙ rs } { hed wərks } header-type boiler See straight-tube boiler. hearing aid [ENG ACOUS] A miniature, portable { hedиər tı¯p bo˙ ilиər} sound amplifier for persons with impaired hear- head gate [CIV ENG] 1. A gate on the upstream ing, consisting of a microphone, audio amplifier, side of a lock or conduit. 2. A gate at the start- earphone, and battery. { hirиiŋ a¯d} ing point of an irrigation ditch. { hed ga¯t} heart bond [CIV ENG] A masonry bond in which heading [CIV ENG] In tunnel construction, one two header stones meet in the middle of the or more small tunnels excavated within a large wall, their joint being covered by another stone; tunnel cross section that will later be enlarged no headers stretch across the wall. { ha¨rt to full section. { hedиiŋ } ba¨nd } heading joint [BUILD] 1. A joint between two hearth [BUILD] 1. The floor of a fireplace or brick pieces of timber which are joined in a straight oven. 2. The projection in front of a fireplace, line, end to end. 2. A masonry joint formed made of brick, stone, or cement. { ha¨rth } between two stones in the same course. { hedи heat [THERMO] Energy in transit due to a tem- iŋ jo˙ int } perature difference between the source from head meter [ENG] A flowmeter that is depen- which the energy is coming and a sink toward dent upon change of pressure head to operate. which the energy is going; other types of energy { hed me¯dиər } in transit are called work. { he¯t}
265
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. heat balance
heat balance [THERMO] The equilibrium which heating and cooling of fluids with or without is known to exist when all sources of heat gain phase change. { he¯t iks cha¯nj } and loss for a given region or body are accounted heat exchanger [ENG] Any device, such as an for. { he¯t balиəns } automobile radiator, that transfers heat from one heat budget [THERMO] The statement of the to- fluid to another or to the environment. Also tal inflow and outflow of heat for a planet, space- known as exchanger. { he¯t iks cha¯njиər} craft, biological organism, or other entity. { he¯t heat flow [THERMO] Heat thought of as energy bəjиət} flowing from one substance to another; quantita- heat capacity [THERMO] The quantity of heat tively, the amount of heat transferred in a unit required to raise a system one degree in temper- time. Also known as heat transmission. ature in a specified way, usually at constant pres- { he¯t flo¯ } sure or constant volume. Also known as ther- heat flow equation See heat equation. { he¯t ¦flo¯ mal capacity. { he¯tkə pasиədиe¯ }i kwa¯иzhən} heat conduction [THERMO] The flow of thermal heat flux [THERMO] The amount of heat trans- energy through a substance from a higher-to a ferred across a surface of unit area in a unit time. lower-temperature region. { he¯tkən dəkи Also known as thermal flux. { he¯t fləks } shən} heat gain [ENG] The increase of heat within a heat conductivity See thermal conductivity. { he¯t given space as a result of direct heating by solar ka¨nиdək tivиədиe¯ } radiation and of heat radiated by other sources heat content See enthalpy. { he¯t ¦ka¨nиtent } such as lights, equipment, or people. { he¯t heat convection [THERMO] The transfer of ther- ga¯n} mal energy by actual physical movement from heating chamber [ENG] The part of an injection one location to another of a substance in which mold in which cold plastic feed is changed into thermal energy is stored. Also known as ther- a hot melt. { he¯dиiŋ cha¯mиbər} mal convection. { he¯tkən¦vekиshən} heating load [CIV ENG] The quantity of heat per heat cycle See thermodynamic cycle. { he¯t sı¯и unit time that must be provided to maintain kəl } the temperature in a building at a given level. heat death [THERMO] The condition of any iso- { he¯dиiŋ lo¯ d} lated system when its entropy reaches a maxi- heating plant [CIV ENG] The whole system for mum, in which matter is totally disordered and heating an enclosed space. Also known as at a uniform temperature, and no energy is avail- heating system. { he¯dиiŋ plant } able for doing work. { he¯t deth } heating surface [ENG] The surface for the ab- heat distortion point [ENG] The temperature at sorption and transfer of heat from one medium which a standard test bar (American Society for to another. { he¯dиiŋ sərиfəs} Testing and Materials test) deflects 0.010 inch heating system See heating plant. { he¯dиiŋ sisи (0.254 millimeter) under a load of either 66 or təm} 264 pounds per square inch (4.55 ϫ 105 or 18.20 heat-loss flowmeter [ENG] Any of various in- ϫ 105 pascals), as specified. { he¯tdi sto˙ rи struments that determine gas velocities or mass shən po˙ int } flows from the cooling effect of the flow on an heat energy See internal energy. { he¯t enиərиje¯ } electrical sensor such as a thermistor or resistor; heat engine [MECH ENG] A machine that con- a second sensor is used to compensate for the verts heat into work (mechanical energy). temperature of the fluid. Also known as ther- [THERMO] A thermodynamic system which un- mal-loss meter. { he¯t lo˙ s flo¯ me¯dиər} dergoes a cyclic process during which a positive heat of ablation [THERMO] A measure of the ef- amount of work is done by the system; some fective heat capacity of an ablating material, nu- heat flows into the system and a smaller amount merically the heating rate input divided by the flows out in each cycle. { he¯t enиjən } mass loss rate which results from ablation. heat equation [THERMO] A parabolic second- { he¯t əv ə bla¯иshən} order differential equation for the temperature heat of adsorption [THERMO] The increase in of a substance in a region where no heat source enthalpy when 1 mole of a substance is adsorbed exists: Ѩt/Ѩ ϭ (k/c)(Ѩ2t/Ѩx2 ϩѨ2t/Ѩy2 ϩѨt2/Ѩz2), upon another at constant pressure. { he¯t əv where x, y, and z are space coordinates, is the ad so˙ rpиshən} time, t(x,y,z,) is the temperature, k is the thermal heat of aggregation [THERMO] The increase in conductivity of the body, is its density, and c enthalpy when an aggregate of matter, such as is its specific heat; this equation is fundamental a crystal, is formed at constant pressure. { he¯t to the study of heat flow in bodies. Also known əv agиrə ga¯иshən} as Fourier heat equation; heat flow equation. heat of compression [THERMO] Heat gener- { he¯ti kwa¯иzhən} ated when air is compressed. { he¯t əvkəm heater [ELECTR] An electric heating element for preshиən} supplying heat to an indirectly heated cathode heat of condensation [THERMO] The increase in an electron tube. Also known as electron- in enthalpy accompanying the conversion of 1 tube heater. [ENG] A contrivance designed to mole of vapor into liquid at constant pressure give off heat. { he¯dиər } and temperature. { he¯t əv ka¨ndиən sa¯иshən} heat exchange [CHEM ENG] A unit operation heat of cooling [THERMO] Increase in enthalpy based on heat transfer which functions in the during cooling of a system at constant pressure,
266
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. heavy force fit
resulting from an internal change such as an by solids, liquids, and gases in the form of elec- allotropic transformation. { he¯t əv ku¨ lиiŋ } tromagnetic waves as a result of their tempera- heat of crystallization [THERMO] The increase ture. Also known as thermal radiation. { he¯t in enthalpy when 1 mole of a substance is trans- ra¯dиe¯ a¯иshən} formed into its crystalline state at constant pres- heat rate [MECH ENG] An expression of the con- sure. { he¯t əv kristиəlиə za¯иshən} version efficiency of a thermal power plant or heat of evaporation See heat of vaporization. engine, as heat input per unit of work output; { he¯t əvi vapиə ra¯иshən} for example, Btu/kWh. { he¯t ra¯t} heat of fusion [THERMO] The increase in en- heat release [THERMO] The quantity of heat re- thalpy accompanying the conversion of 1 mole, leased by a furnace or other heating mechanism or a unit mass, of a solid to a liquid at its melting per second, divided by its volume. { he¯tri le¯s} point at constant pressure and temperature. heat seal [ENG] A union between two thermo- Also known as latent heat of fusion. { he¯t əv plastic surfaces by application of heat and pres- fyu¨ иzhən} sure to the joint. { he¯t se¯l} heat of mixing [THERMO] The difference be- heatsink [ELEC] A mass of metal that is added tween the enthalpy of a mixture and the sum of to a device for the purpose of absorbing and the enthalpies of its components at the same dissipating heat; used with power transistors and pressure and temperature. { he¯t əv mikиsiŋ } many types of metallic rectifiers. Also known heat of solidification [THERMO] The increase in as dissipator. [THERMO] Any (gas, solid, or enthalpy when 1 mole of a solid is formed from liquid) region where heat is absorbed. ŋ a liquid or, less commonly, a gas at constant { he¯t si k} pressure and temperature. { he¯t əvsə lidиəи heatsink cooling [ENG] Cooling a body or sys- ə и ə tem by allowing heat to be absorbed from it by f ka¯ sh n} ŋ ¦ ŋ heat of sublimation [THERMO] The increase in another body. { he¯t si k ku¨ li } heat source [THERMO] Any device or natural enthalpy accompanying the conversion of 1 mole, or unit mass, of a solid to a vapor at con- body that supplies heat. { he¯t so˙ rs } stant pressure and temperature. Also known heat sterilization [ENG] An act of destroying all forms of life on and in bacteriological media, as latent heat of sublimation. { he¯t əv səbи foods, hospital supplies, and other materials by lə ma¯иshən} means of moist or dry heat. { he¯t sterиəи heat of transformation [THERMO] The increase lə zaиshən} in enthalpy of a substance when it undergoes ¯ heat transfer THERMO The movement of heat some phase change at constant pressure and [ ] from one body to another (gas, liquid, solid, or temperature. { he¯t əv tranzиfər ma¯иshən} combinations thereof) by means of radiation, heat of vaporization [THERMO] The quantity of convection, or conduction. { he¯t ¦tranzиfər} energy required to evaporate 1 mole, or a unit heat-transfer coefficient [THERMO] The mass, of a liquid, at constant pressure and tem- amount of heat which passes through a unit area perature. Also known as enthalpy of vaporiza- of a medium or system in a unit time when the tion; heat of evaporation; latent heat of vaporiza- temperature difference between the boundaries tion. { het əv vaиpəиrə zaиshən} ¯ ¯ ¯ of the system is 1 degree. { he¯t ¦tranzиfər ko¯ и heat of wetting [THERMO] 1. The heat of ad- i fishиənt } sorption of water on a substance. 2. The addi- heat transmission See heat flow. { he¯t tranz tional heat required, above the heat of vaporiza- mishиən} tion of free water, to evaporate water from a heat transport [THERMO] Process by which heat substance in which it has been absorbed. { he¯t ə и ŋ is carried past a fixed point or across a fixed v wed i } plane, as in a warm current. { he¯t ¦tranz po˙ rt } heat pipe [ENG] A heat-transfer device con- heat wheel [MECH ENG] In a ventilating system, sisting of a sealed metal tube with an inner lining a device to condition incoming air by causing it of wicklike capillary material and a small amount to approach thermal equilibrium with the exiting of fluid in a partial vacuum; heat is absorbed at air; hot incoming air is cooled, and cold incom- one end by vaporization of the fluid and is re- ing air is warmed. { he¯t we¯l} leased at the other end by condensation of the heavy-duty [ENG] Designed to withstand exces- vapor. { he¯t pı¯p} sive strain. { ¦hevиe¯ ¦du¨ dиe¯ } heat pump [MECH ENG] A device which trans- heavy-duty car [MECH ENG] A railway motorcar fers heat from a cooler reservoir to a hotter one, weighing more than 1400 pounds (635 kilo- expending mechanical energy in the process, es- grams), propelled by an engine of 12–30 horse- pecially when the main purpose is to heat the power (8900–22,400 watts), and designed for hot reservoir rather than refrigerate the cold one. hauling heavy equipment and for hump-yard ser- { he¯t pəmp } vice. { ¦hevиe¯ ¦du¨ dиe¯ ka¨r} heat quantity [THERMO] A measured amount of heavy-duty tool block See open-side tool block. heat; units are the small calorie, normal calorie, { hevиe¯ ¦du¨ dиe¯ tu¨ l bla¨k} mean calorie, and large calorie. { he¯t ¦kwa¨nи heavy force fit [DES ENG] A fit for heavy steel ədиe¯ } parts or shrink fits in medium sections. { hevи heat radiation [THERMO] The energy radiated e¯ fo˙ rs fit }
267
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. heavy section car
heavy section car [MECH ENG] A railway motor- 2. In spirit leveling, the vertical distance from car weighing 1200–1400 pounds (544–635 kilo- datum to line of sight of the instrument. 3. In grams) and propelled by an 8–12 horsepower stadia leveling the height of center of transit (6000–8900 watts) engine. { hevиe¯ sekиshən above the station stake. 4. In differential level- ka¨r } ing, the elevation of the line of sight of the tele- hectare [MECH] A unit of area in the metric sys- scope when the instrument is leveled. { hı¯t əv tem equal to 100 ares or 10,000 square meters. inиstrəиmənt } Abbreviated ha. { hek tar } height of transfer unit [CHEM ENG] A dimen- hectogram [MECH] A unit of mass equal to 100 sionless parameter used to calculate countercur- grams. Abbreviated hg. { hekиtə gram } rent sorption tower operations; it is proportional hectoliter [MECH] A metric unit of volume to the apparent resident time of the fluid. Ab- equal to 100 liters or to 0.1 cubic meter. Abbre- breviated HTU. { hı¯t əv tranzиfər yu¨ иnət} viated hl. { hekиtə le¯dиər} helical angle [MECH] In the study of torsion, hectometer [MECH] A unit of length equal to the angular displacement of a longitudinal ele- 100 meters. Abbreviated hm. { hekиtə me¯dи ment, originally straight on the surface of an ər} untwisted bar, which becomes helical after twist- heel See heel block. { he¯l } ing. { helиəиkəl aŋиgəl} heel block [MECH ENG] A block or plate that is helical conveyor [MECH ENG] A conveyor for usually fixed on the die shoe to minimize deflec- the transport of bulk materials which consists of tion of a punch or cam. Also known as heel. a horizontal shaft with helical paddles or ribbons { he¯l bla¨k } rotating inside a stationary tube. { helиəиkəl heeling adjuster [ENG] A dip needle with a slid- kən va¯иər} ing weight that can be moved along one of its helical-fin section [CHEM ENG] Helical-shaped, arms to balance the magnetic force; used to de- extended-surface addition for the external sur- termine the correct position of a heeling magnet. faces of process-fluid tubes to increase heat- Also known as heeling error instrument; vertical exchange efficiency; used for gas heating and force instrument. { he¯lиiŋə jəsиtər } cooling and in fuel oil residuum exchangers. heeling error instrument See heeling adjuster. { helиəиkəl fin sekиshən} { he¯lиiŋ erиər inиstrəиmənt } helical-flow turbine [MECH ENG] A steam tur- heeling magnet [ENG] A permanent magnet bine in which the steam is directed tangentially placed vertically in a tube under the center of a and radially inward by nozzles against buckets marine magnetic compass, to correct for heeling milled in the wheel rim; the steam flows in a error. { he¯lиiŋ magиnət } helical path, reentering the buckets one or more heel of a shot [ENG] 1. In blasting, the front or times. Also known as tangential helical-flow face of a shot farthest from the charge. 2. The turbine. { helиəиkəl ¦flo¯ tərиbən} distance between the mouth of the drill hole helical gear [MECH ENG] Gear wheels running and the corner of the nearest free face. 3. That on parallel axes, with teeth twisted oblique to portion of a drill hole which is filled with the the gear axis. { helиəиkəl gir } tamping. { he¯l əv ə sha¨t} helical milling [MECH ENG] Milling in which the heel plate [CIV ENG] A plate at the end of a work is simultaneously rotated and translated. truss. { he¯l pla¯t} { helиəиkəl milиiŋ } heel post [CIV ENG] A post to which are secured helical rake angle [DES ENG] The angle be- the hinges of a gate or door. tween the axis of a reamer and a plane tangent height equivalent of theoretical plate [CHEM to its helical cutting edge; also applied to milling ENG] In a packed fractionating column, a height cutters. { helиəиkəl ra¯k aŋиgəl} of packing that makes a separation equivalent helical scanning [ELECTR] A method of re- to that of a theoretical plate; used in sorption cording on videotape and digital audio tape in and distillation calculations. Abbreviated which the tracks are recorded diagonally from HETP. { hı¯ti¦kwivиəиlənt əv the¯иə redиəиkəl top to bottom by wrapping the tape around the pla¯t} rotating-head drum in a helical path. [ENG] A height finder [ENG] A radar equipment, used to method of radar scanning in which the antenna determine height of aerial targets. { hı¯t fı¯nи beam rotates continuously about the vertical dər } axis while the elevation angle changes slowly height finding [ENG] Determination of the from horizontal to vertical, so that a point on height of an airborne object. { hı¯t fı¯ndиiŋ } the radar beam describes a distorted helix. height-finding radar [ENG] A radar set that { helиəиkəl skanиiŋ } measures and determines the height of an air- helical-spline broach [MECH ENG] A broach borne object. { hı¯t ¦fı¯ndиiŋ ra¯ da¨r} used to produce internal helical splines having height gage [ENG] A gage used to measure a straight-sided or involute form. { helиəиkəl heights by either a micrometer or a vernier scale. splı¯n bro¯ ch } { hı¯t ga¯j} helical spring [DES ENG] A bar or wire of uni- height of instrument [ENG] 1. In survey leveling, form cross section wound into a helix. { helи the vertical height of the line of collimation of əиkəl spriŋ } the instrument over the station above which it heliograph [ENG] An instrument that records is centered, or above a specified datum level. the duration of sunshine and gives a qualitative
268
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. heterodyne frequency meter
measure of its amount by action of sun’s rays method of calculation to estimate the distribu- on blueprint paper. { he¯иle¯иə graf } tion of non-key components in distillation col- heliostat [ENG] A clock-driven instrument umn products. { heŋgиstəиbek ə pra¨kиsə ma¯и mounting which automatically and continuously shən} points in the direction of the sun; it is used with HEPAfilter See high-efficiency particulate air filter. a pyrheliometer when continuous direct solar { hepиə filиtər} radiation measurements are required. { he¯и hereditary mechanics [MECH] A field of me- le¯иə stat } chanics in which quantities, such as stress, de- heliotrope [ENG] An instrument that reflects pend not only on other quantities, such as strain, the sun’s rays over long distances; used in geo- at the same instant but also on integrals involv- detic surveys. { he¯иle¯иə tro¯ p } ing the values of such quantities at previous helipad [CIV ENG] The launch and landing area times. { hə redиə terиe¯ mi kanиiks } of a heliport. Also known as pad. { helи hermaphrodite caliper [DES ENG] A layout tool ə pad } having one leg pointed and the other like that heliport [CIV ENG] A place built for helicopter of an inside caliper; used to locate the center of takeoffs and landings. { helиə po˙ rt } irregularly shaped stock or to lay out a line paral- helium-oxygen diving [ENG] Diving operations lel to an edge. { hər mafиrə dı¯t ¦kalиəиpər} employing a breathing mixture of helium and hermetic seal [ENG] An airtight seal. oxygen. { he¯иle¯иəm ¦a¨kиsəиjən dı¯vиiŋ }{hər medиik se¯l} helium refrigerator [MECH ENG] A refrigerator herpolhode [MECH] The curve traced out on the which uses liquid helium to cool substances to invariable plane by the point of contact between temperatures of 4 K or less. { he¯иle¯иəmri frijи the plane and the inertia ellipsoid of a rotating ə ra¯dиər } rigid body not subject to external torque. helix angle [DES ENG] That angle formed by the { ¦hərиpəl ho¯ d} helix of the thread at the pitch-diameter line herpolhode cone See space cone. { ¦hərиpəl ho¯ d and a line at right angles to the axis. { he¯ liks ko¯ n} aŋиgəl} herringbone gear [MECH ENG] The equivalent helmet [ENG] A globe-shaped head covering of two helical gears of opposite hand placed side made of copper and supplied with air pumped by side. { herиiŋ bo¯ n gir } through a hose; attached to the breastplate of Herschel-type venturi tube [ENG] A type of ven- a diving suit for deep-sea diving. { helиmət } turi tube in which the converging and diverging helmholtz [ELEC] A unit of dipole moment per sections are cones, the throat section is relatively unit area, equal to 1 Debye unit per square ang- short, the diverging cone is long, and the pres- strom, or approximately 3.335 ϫ 10Ϫ10 coulomb sures preceding the inlet cone and in the throat per meter. { helm ho¯ lts } are transferred through multiple openings into Helmholtz free energy See free energy. { helm annular openings, called piezometer rings. ho¯ lts ¦fre¯ enиərиje¯ }{ hərиshəl tı¯pven tu˙ rиe¯ tu¨ b} Helmholtz function See free energy. { helm ho¯ lts Hertz’s law [MECH] A law which gives the radius fəŋkиshən } of contact between a sphere of elastic material Helmholtz potential See free energy. { helm ho¯ lts and a surface in terms of the sphere’s radius, the pə¦tenиchəl } normal force exerted on the sphere, and Young’s Helmholtz resonator [ENG ACOUS] An enclo- modulus for the material of the sphere. { hərtи sure having a small opening consisting of a səs lo˙ } straight tube of such dimensions that the enclo- heterodyne [ELECTR] To mix two alternating- sure resonates at a single frequency determined current signals of different frequencies in a non- by the geometry of the resonator. { helm ho¯ lts linear device for the purpose of producing two ¦rezиən a¯dиər } new frequencies, the sum of and difference be- help-yourself system [IND ENG] A tool-crib sys- tween the two original frequencies. { hedиəи tem for temporary issue of tools employed in rə dı¯n} small shops; employees have access to tools in heterodyne detector [ELECTR] A detector in the crib and help themselves. { ¦help yu˙ r self which an unmodulated carrier frequency is com- sisиtəm} bined with the signal of a local oscillator having a hemispherical pyrheliometer [ENG] An instru- slightly different frequency, to provide an audio- ment for measuring the total solar energy from frequency beat signal that can be heard with a the sun and sky striking a horizontal surface, in loudspeaker or headphones; used chiefly for which a thermopile measures the temperature code reception. { hedиəиrə dı¯ndi tekиtər} difference between white and black portions of heterodyne analyzer [ENG ACOUS] A type of a thermally insulated horizontal target within a constant-bandwidth analyzer in which the elec- partially evacuated transparent sphere or hemi- tric signal from a microphone beats with the sphere. { heиme¯ sfirиəиkəl pı¯r he¯иle¯ a¨mиədиər} signal from an oscillator, and one of the side hemming [MECH ENG] Forming of an edge by bands produced by this modulation is then bending the metal back on itself. { hemиiŋ } passed through a fixed filter and detected. hemp-core cable See standard wire rope. { hemp { hedиəиrə dı¯n anиə lizиər} ko˙ r ka¯иbəl} heterodyne frequency meter [ELECTR] A fre- Hengstebeck approximation [CHEM ENG] A quency meter in which a known frequency, which
269
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. heterodyne measurement
may be adjustable or fixed, is heterodyned with the center of the exterior surface to permit tight- an unknown frequency to produce a zero beat or ening with a spanner. { hek¦sagиənиəl nipиəl} an audio-frequency signal whose value is meas- hexagonal nut [DES ENG] A plain nut in hexa- ured by other means. Also known as hetero- gon form. { hek sagиəиnəl nət} dyne wavemeter. { hedиəиrə dı¯n fre¯иkwənиse¯ hexapod [CONT SYS] A robot that uses six leg- me¯dиər} like appendages to stride over a surface. heterodyne measurement [ELECTR] A meas- { hekиsə pa¨d} urement carried out by a type of harmonic ana- hex nut [DES ENG] A nut in the shape of a hexa- lyzer which employs a highly selective filter, at gon. { heks nət} a frequency well above the highest frequency HF akylation [CHEM ENG] Petroleum refinery to be measured, and a heterodyning oscillator. alkylation process in which olefins (C3,C4,C5) { hedиəиrə dı¯n mezhиərиmənt } are reacted with isobutane in the presence of heterodyne modulator See mixer. { hedиəиrə dı¯n hydrofluoric acid catalyst. { ¦a¯ch¦ef alиkə la¯и ma¨jиə la¯dиər} shən} heterodyne oscillator [ELECTR] 1. A separate hg See hectogram. variable-frequency oscillator used to produce hierarchical control [CONT SYS] The organiza- the second frequency required in a heterodyne tion of controllers in a large-scale system into detector for code reception. 2. See beat- two or more levels so that controllers in each frequency oscillator. { hedиəиrə dı¯n a¨sиə la¯dи level send control signals to controllers in the ər} level below and feedback or sensing signals to heterodyne reception [ELECTR] Radio recep- controllers in the level above. Also known as tion in which the incoming radio-frequency sig- control hierarchy. { ¦hı¯иər¦a¨rиkəиkəlkən tro¯ l} nal is combined with a locally generated rf signal hi-fi See high fidelity. { hı¯ fı¯ } of different frequency, followed by detection. Higbie model [CHEM ENG] Mass-transfer the- Also known as beat reception. { hedиəиrə dı¯n ory for packed absorption towers, stating that ri sepиshən} liquid flows across each packing piece in laminar heterodyne repeater [ELECTR] A radio repeater flow and is mixed with other liquids meeting it in which the received radio signals are converted at the points of discontinuity between packing to an intermediate frequency, amplified, and re- elements. { higиbe¯ ma¨dиəl} converted to a new frequency band for transmis- high-aspect-ratio micromachining [ENG] Mi- sion over the next repeater section. { hedиəи crofabrication processes that produce tall micro- rə dı¯nri pe¯dиər} structures with vertical sidewalls. Abbreviated heterodyne wavemeter See heterodyne frequency HARM. { hı¯ ¦as pekt ra¯иsho¯ mı¯иkro¯ иmə she¯nи meter. { hedиəиrə dı¯n wa¯v me¯dиər} iŋ } heterogeneous strain [MECH] A strain in which high-efficiency particulate air filter [MECH ENG] the components of the displacement of a point An air filter capable of reducing the concentra- in the body cannot be expressed as linear func- tion of solid particles (0.3 millimeter in diameter tions of the original coordinates. { hedиəиrə¦je¯и or larger) in the airstream by 99.97%. Also ne¯иəs stra¯n } known as HEPA filter. { hı¯ i¦fishиənиse¯ pər tikи heterojunction [ELECTR] The boundary be- yəиlət er filиtər} tween two different semiconductor materials, high-electron-mobility transistor [ELECTR] A usually with a negligible discontinuity in the type of field-effect transistor consisting of gal- crystal structure. { ¦hedиəиro¯ jəŋkиshən } lium arsenide and gallium aluminum arsenide, heterojunction bipolar transistor [ELECTR] A with a Schottky metal contact on the gallium bipolar transistor that has two or more materials aluminum arsenide layer and two ohmic con- making up the emitter, base, and collector re- tacts penetrating into the gallium arsenide layer, gions, giving it a much higher maximum fre- serving as the gate, source, and drain respec- quency than a silicon bipolar transistor. Abbre- tively. Abbreviated HEMT. Also known as het- viated HBT. { ¦hedиəиrə jəŋkиshən bı¯ po¯ lиər erojunction field-effect transistor (HFET); modu- tran zisиtər} lation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET); heterojunction field-effect transistor See high-elec- selectively doped heterojunction transistor tron-mobility transistor. { ¦hedиəиrə jəŋkиshən (SDHT); two-dimensional electron gas field- fe¯ld i fekt tran zisиtər } effect transistor (TEGFET). { hı¯ i lek tra¨nmo¯ heteromorphic transformation [THERMO] A ¦bilиədиe¯ tran zisиtər} change in the values of the thermodynamic vari- higher pair [MECH ENG] A link in a mechanism ables of a system in which one or more of the in which the mating parts have surface (instead component substances also undergo a change of line or point) contact. { hı¯иər per } of state. { hedиəиrə¦mo˙ rиfik tranzиfər ma¯и high fidelity [ENG ACOUS] Audio reproduction shən } that closely approximates the sound of the origi- HETP See height equivalent of theoretical plate. nal performance. Also known as hi-fi. { ¦hı¯ fi hexagonal-head bolt [DES ENG] A standard delиədиe¯ } wrench head bolt with a hexagonal head. { hek high-frequency furnace [ENG] An induction sagиəиnəl hed bo¯ lt } furnace in which the heat is generated within hexagonal nipple [DES ENG] A nipple for join- the charge, within the walls of the containing ing pipe with a hexagonal configuration around crucible, or within both, by currents induced by
270
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. high-vacuum insulation
high-frequency magnetic flux produced by a sur- consisting of a metal tube with thick glass win- rounding coil. Also known as coreless-type in- dows. { hı¯ ¦preshиər ga¯j glas } duction furnace; high-frequency heater. { hı¯ high-pressure process [CHEM ENG] A chemi- ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ fərиnəs} cal process operating at elevated pressure; for high-frequency heater See high-frequency furnace. example, phenol manufacture at 330 atmo- { hı¯ ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ he¯dиər} spheres (1 atmosphere ϭ 101,325 pascals), ethyl- high-frequency heating See electronic heating. ene polymerization at 2000 atm, ammonia syn- { hı¯ ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ he¯dиiŋ } thesis at 100–1000 atm, and synthetic-diamond high-frequency resistance [ELEC] The total manufacture up to 100,000 atm. { hı¯ ¦preshиər resistance offered by a device in an alternating- pra¨иsəs} current circuit, including the direct-current high-pressure torch [ENG] A type of torch in resistance and the resistance due to eddy cur- which both acetylene and oxygen are delivered rent, hysteresis, dielectric, and corona losses. to the mixing chamber under pressure. { hı¯ ¦ иə Also known as alternating-current resistance; ef- presh r to˙ rch } fective resistance; radio-frequency resistance. high Q [ELECTR] A characteristic wherein a { hı¯ ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ ri zisиtəns } component has a high ratio of reactance to effec- tive resistance, so that its Q factor is high. high-frequency voltmeter [ELECTR] A voltme- ¦ ter designed to measure currents alternating at { hı¯ kyu¨ } high frequencies. { hı¯ ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ vo¯ lt me¯dи high-resistance voltmeter [ELEC] A voltmeter ər} having a resistance considerably higher than 1000 ohms per volt, so that it draws little current high-front shovel [MECH ENG] A power shovel with a dipper stick mounted high on the boom for from the circuit in which a measurement is made. { hı¯ ri zisиtəns volt medиər} stripping and overburden removal. { hı¯ frənt ¯ ¯ high-resolution radar ENG A radar system shəvиəl} [ ] which can discriminate between two close tar- high-gradient magnetic separation [ENG] A gets. { hı¯ rezиə lu¨ иshən ra¯ da¨r} magnetic separation technique applicable to high-rise building See tall building. { ¦hı¯ ¦rı¯z weakly paramagnetic compounds and to particle bildиiŋ } sizes down to the colloidal domain. { hı¯ gra¯dи иə и иə и ə high-speed machine [MECH ENG] A diamond e¯ nt mag ned ik sep ra¯ sh n} drill capable of rotating a drill string at a mini- high hat [ENG] A very low tripod head resem- mum of 2500 revolutions per minute, as con- bling a formal top hat in shape. { hı¯ hat } trasted with the normal maximum speed of high heat [THERMO] Heat absorbed by the cool- 1600–1800 revolutions per minute attained by ing medium in a calorimeter when products of the average diamond drill. { hı¯ spe¯dmə she¯n} combustion are cooled to the initial atmospheric ¦ high-technology robot [CONT SYS] A robot (ambient) temperature. { hı¯ he¯t} equipped with feedback, vision, real-time data high-helix drill [DES ENG] A two-flute twist drill Њ acquisition, and powerful controllers. { hı¯ tek with a helix angle of 35–40 ; used for drilling na¨lиəиje¯ ro¯ ba¨t} deep holes in metals, such as aluminum, copper, high-temperature water boiler [MECH ENG] A hard brass, and soft steel. Also known as fast- boiler which provides hot water, under pressure, и spiral drill. { hı¯ he¯ liks dril } for space heating of large areas. { hı¯ temиprəи high-impedance voltmeter [ELEC] A voltage- chər wo˙ dиər bo˙ ilиər} measuring device with a high-impedance input high-tensile bolt [ENG] A bolt that is adjusted to reduce load on the unit under test; a vacuum- to a carefully controlled tension by means of a ¦ иə tubevoltmeterisonetype. { hı¯im pe¯d ns vo¯ l- calibrated torsion wrench; used in place of a иə t me¯d r} rivet. Also known as high-tension bolt. { hı¯ high-intensity atomizer [MECH ENG] A type of tenиsəl bo¯ lt } atomizer used in electrostatic atomization, high tension See high voltage. { hı¯ ¦tenиchən} based on stress sufficient to overcome tensile high-tension bolt See high-tensile bolt. { ¦hı¯ tenи strength of the liquid. { hı¯ in tenиsədиe¯ adи chən bo¯ lt } ə mizиər} high-tension detonator [ENG] A detonator re- high-K capacitor [ELEC] A capacitor whose di- quiring an electric potential of about 50 volts for electric material is a ferroelectric having a high firing. { hı¯ tenиchən detиən a¯dиər} dielectric constant, up to about 6000. { hı¯ ka¯ high-tension separation See electrostatic separa- kə pasиədиər} tion. { hı¯ tenиchən sepиə ra¯иshən} high-lift truck [MECH ENG] A forklift truck with high-test chain [ENG] Chain made from heat- a fixed or telescoping mast to permit high eleva- treatable plain-carbon steel, usually with a car- tion of a load. { hı¯ ¦lift trək} bon content of 0.15–0.20; used for load binding, high-pass filter [ELECTR] A filter that transmits tie-downs, and other applications where failure all frequencies above a given cutoff frequency would be costly. { hı¯ test cha¯n} and substantially attenuates all others. { hı¯ high-vacuum insulation [CHEM ENG] High vac- pas filиtər} uum between the walls of double-wall vessels high-potting [ELEC] Testing with a high voltage, to serve as thermal insulation at ultralow (cryo- generally on a production line. { hı¯ ¦pa¨dиiŋ } genic) temperatures, such as in Dewar vessels. high-pressure gage glass [ENG] A gage glass { hı¯ ¦vakиyu¨ m inиsə la¯иshən}
271
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. high voltage
high voltage [ELEC] A voltage on the order of hobbing machine [MECH ENG] A machine for thousands of volts. Also known as high ten- cutting gear teeth in gear blanks or for cutting sion. { hı¯ ¦vo¯ lиtij } worm, spur, or helical gears. Also known as highway [CIV ENG] A public road where traffic hobber. { ha¨bиiŋ mə she¯n} has the right to pass and to which owners of hobnail [DES ENG] A short, large-headed, adjacent property have access. { hı¯ wa¯ } sharp-pointed nail; used to attach soles to heavy highway engineering [CIV ENG] A branch of shoes. { ha¨b na¯l} civil engineering dealing with highway planning, hobo connection [ENG] A parallel electrical location, design, and maintenance. { hı¯ wa¯ connection used in blasting. { ho¯ иbo¯ kə nekи enиjə nirиiŋ } shən} Hildebrand function [THERMO] The heat of va- hod [CIV ENG] A tray fitted with a handle by porization of a compound as a function of the which it can be carried on the shoulder for trans- molal concentration of the vapor; it is nearly porting bricks or mortar. { ha¨d} the same for many compounds. { hilиdə brand Hodgson number [CHEM ENG] Method of pre- fəŋkиshən } dicting the metering error during pulsating gas hill-climbing [MECH ENG] Adjustment, either flow when a surge tank is located between the continuous or periodic, of a self-regulating sys- pulsation source (pump or compressor) and the tem to achieve optimum performance. { hil meter (orifice, nozzle, or venturi). { ha¨jиsən klimиiŋ } nəmиbər} Hindley screw [DES ENG] An endless screw or hoe [DES ENG] An implement consisting of a worm of hourglass shape that fits a part of the long handle with a thin, flat, straight-edged circumference of a worm wheel so as to increase blade attached transversely to the end; used for the bearing area and thus diminish wear. Also cultivating and weeding. { ho¯ } known as hourglass screw; hourglass worm. hoe shovel [MECH ENG] A revolving shovel with { hindиle¯ skru¨ } a pull-type bucket rigidly attached to a stick hindrance factor See drag factor. { hinиdrəns hinged on the end of a live boom. { ho¯ fakиtər} ¦shəvиəl} hinge [DES ENG] A pair of metal leaves forming Hoffmann electrometer [ENG] A variant of the a jointed device on which a swinging part quadrant electrometer that has two sections in- turns. { hinj } stead of four. { ¦ha¨fиməni lek tra¨mиədиər} hinged arch [CIV ENG] A structure that can ro- hogging [ENG] Mechanical chipping of wood tate at its supports or in the center or at both waste for fuel. { ha¨gиiŋ } places. { hinjd ¦a¨rch } hohlraum See blackbody. { ho¯ l rau˙ m} hip [BUILD] 1. The external angle formed by the hoist [MECH ENG] 1. To move or lift something junction of two sloping roofs or the sides of a by a rope-and-pulley device. 2. A power unit roof. 2. A rafter that is positioned at the junc- for a hoisting machine, designed to lift from a tion of two sloping roofs or the sides of a roof. position directly above the load and therefore [CIV ENG] See hip joint. { hip } mounted to facilitate mobile service. Also HIP See hot isostatic pressing. { hip or ¦a¯ch¦¯ı pe¯ } known as winding engine. { ho˙ ist } hip joint [CIV ENG] The junction of an inclined hoist back-out switch [MECH ENG] A protective head post and the top chord of a truss. Also switch that permits hoist operation only in the known as hip. { hip jo˙ int } reverse direction in case of overwind. { hoist hi pot [ELEC] High potential voltage applied ¦bak au˙ t swich } across a conductor to test the insulation or ap- hoist cable [MECH ENG] A fiber rope, wire rope, plied to an etched circuit to burn out tenuous or chain by means of which force is exerted on conducting paths that might later fail in service. the sheaves and pulleys of a hoisting machine. { hı¯ pa¨t} { hoist ka¯иbəl} hip rafter [BUILD] A diagonal rafter extending hoist hook [DES ENG] A swivel hook attached from the plate to the ridge of a roof. { hip to the end of a hoist cable for securing a load. rafиtər} { hoist hu˙ k} hl See hectoliter. hoisting [MECH ENG] 1. Raising a load, espe- hm See hectometer. cially by means of tackle. 2. Either of two hob [DES ENG] A master model made from power-shovel operations: the raising or lowering hardened steel which is used to press the shape of the boom, or the lifting or dropping of the of a plastics mold into a block of soft steel. dipper stick in relation to the boom. { ho˙ istи [MECH ENG] A rotary cutting tool with its teeth iŋ } arranged along a helical thread; used for generat- hoisting drum See drum. { ho˙ istиiŋ drəm} ing gear teeth. { ha¨b} hoisting machine [MECH ENG] A mechanism hobber See hobbing machine. { ha¨bиər } for raising and lowering material with intermit- hobbing [DES ENG] In plastics manufacturing, tent motion while holding the material freely the act of creating multiple mold cavities by suspended. { ho˙ istиiŋ mə she¯n} pressing a hob into soft metal cavity blanks. hoisting power [MECH ENG] The capacity of the [MECH ENG] Cutting evenly spaced forms, such hoisting mechanism on a hoisting machine. as gear teeth, on the periphery of cylindrical { ho˙ istиiŋ pau˙ иər} workpieces. { ha¨bиiŋ } hoistman [ENG] One who operates steam or
272
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Holme mud sampler
electric hoisting machinery to lower and raise of a hole to travel readily through a semiconduc- cages, skips, or instruments into a mine or an tor, equal to the average drift velocity of holes oil or gas well. Also known as hoist operator; divided by the electric field. { ho¯ lmo¯ bilиədиe¯ } winch operator. { ho˙ istиmən} hole saw See crown saw. { ho¯ l so˙ } hoist operator See hoistman. { hoist a¨pиə ra¯dи hole trap [ELECTR] A semiconductor impurity ər} capable of releasing electrons to the conduction hoist overspeed device [MECH ENG] A device or valence bands, equivalent to trapping a hole. used to prevent a hoist from operating at speeds { ho¯ l trap } greater than predetermined values by activating holiday [ENG] An undesirable discontinuity or break in the anticorrosion protection on pipe or an emergency brake when the predetermined иə speed is exceeded. { hoist ¦o¯ иvər spe¯ddi vı¯s} tubing. { ha¨l da¯ } holiday detector [ENG] An electrical device hoist overwind device [MECH ENG] A device used to determine the location of a gap or void which can activate an emergency brake when in the anticorrosion coating of a metal surface. a hoisted load travels beyond a predetermined { ha¨lиə da¯ di tekиtər} point into a danger zone. { hoist ¦o¯ иvər wı¯nd hollander [MECH ENG] An elongate tube with a di vı¯s} central mid-feather and a cylindrical beater roll; hoist slack-brake switch [MECH ENG] A device formerly used for stock preparation in paper that automatically cuts off power to the hoist manufacture. { ha¨lиənиdər} motor and sets the brake if the links in the brake Holland formula [ENG] A formula used to calcu- rigging require tightening or if the brakes require late the height of a plume formed by pollutants relining. { hoist ¦slak bra¯k swich } emitted from a stack in terms of the diameter of hoist tower [CIV ENG] A temporary shaft of scaf- the stack exit, the exit velocity and heat emission folding used to hoist materials for building con- rate of the stack, and the mean wind speed. struction. { ho˙ ist tau˙ иər} { ha¨lиənd fo˙ rиmyəиlə } hoistway [MECH ENG] A shaft for one or more hollow-core construction [BUILD] Panel con- elevators, lifts, or dumbwaiters. { ho˙ ist wa¯ } struction with wood faces bonded to a framed- hold [ELECTR] To maintain storage elements at core assembly of elements which support the equilibrium voltages in a charge storage tube by facing at spaced intervals. { ha¨lиo¯ ¦ko˙ r electron bombardment. [ENG] The interior of kən strəkиshən} a ship or plane, especially the cargo compart- hollow drill [DES ENG] A drill rod or stem having ment. [IND ENG] A therblig, or basic opera- an axial hole for the passage of water or com- tion, in time-and-motion study in which the hand pressed air to remove cuttings from a drill hole. or other body member maintains an object in Also known as hollow rod; hollow stem. { ha¨lи a fixed position and location. [MECH ENG] A o¯ dril } machine motion that is halted by an operator or hollow gravity dam [CIV ENG] A fixed gravity interlock until it is restarted. { ho¯ ld } dam, usually of reinforced concrete, constructed holdback [MECH ENG] A brake on an inclined- of inclined slabs or arched sections supported belt conveyor system which is automatically acti- by transverse buttresses. { ha¨lиo¯ gravиədиe¯ vated in the event of power failure, thus pre- dam } venting the loaded belt from running down- hollow mill [MECH ENG] A milling cutter with ward. { ho¯ l bak } three or more cutting edges that revolve around и holddown groove [ENG] A groove in the side the cylindrical workpiece. { ha¨l o¯ mil } wall of the molding surface which assists in hold- hollow reamer [ENG] A tool or bit used to cor- rect the curvature in a crooked borehole. { ha¨lи ing the molded plastic article in place when the иə mold opens. { ho¯ l dau˙ n gru¨ v} o¯ re¯m r} hollow rod See hollow drill. { ha¨lиo¯ ra¨d} holdup [CHEM ENG] 1. Volume of material held hollow-rod churn drill MECH ENG A churn drill or contained in a process vessel or line. 2. Liq- [ ] with hollow rods instead of steel wire rope. uid held up (suspended) in a vertical process { ha¨lиo¯ ra¨d chərn dril } vessel or line by rising gas or vapor streams. ə hollow-rod drilling [ENG] A modification of { ho¯ l d p} wash boring in which a check valve is introduced hole conduction [ELECTR] Conduction oc- at the bit so that the churning action may be curring in a semiconductor when electrons move also used to pump the cuttings up the drill rods. into holes under the influence of an applied volt- и и ŋ { ha¨l o¯ ra¨d dril i } age and thereby create new holes. { ho¯ l hollow shafting MECH ENG Shafting made ə ¦ ə и ə [ ] k n d k sh n} from hollowed-out rods or hollow tubing to mini- hole deviation [ENG] The change in the course mize weight, allow internal support, or permit or direction that a borehole follows. { ho¯ l de¯и other shafting to operate through the interior. ve¯ a¯иshən} { ha¨lиo¯ shaftиiŋ } hole injection [ELECTR] The production of hollow stem See hollow drill. { ha¨lиo¯ stem } holes in an n-type semiconductor when voltage hollow wall [BUILD] A masonry wall provided is applied to a sharp metal point in contact with with an air space between the inner and outer the surface of the material. { ho¯ lin jekиshən} wythes. { ha¨lиo¯ wo˙ l} hole mobility [ELECTR] A measure of the ability Holme mud sampler [ENG] A scooplike device
273
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. holonomic constraints
which can be lowered by cable to the ocean floor homologous motion [IND ENG] A motion pro- to collect sediment samples. { ho¯ m məd duced by one set of muscles that can be substi- samиplər } tuted for an essentially similar motion per- holonomic constraints [MECH] An integrable formed by another set of muscles; the substitu- set of differential equations which describe the tion is usually made in order to reduce the stress restrictions on the motion of a system; a func- needed to perform a work task. { hə ma¨lиəиgəs tion relating several variables, in the form mo¯ иshən} f (x1,...,xn) ϭ 0, in optimization or physical prob- homomorphous transformation [THERMO] A lems. { ¦ha¨lиə¦na¨mиik kən stra¯ns } change in the values of the thermodynamic vari- holonomic system [MECH] A system in which ables of a system in which none of the compo- the constraints are such that the original coordi- nent substances undergoes a change of state. nates can be expressed in terms of independent { ho¯ иmə¦mo˙ rиfəs tranzиfər ma¯иshən} coordinates and possibly also the time. { ¦ha¨lи hone [MECH ENG] A machine for honing that ə¦na¨mиik sisиtəm} consists of a holding device containing several holopulping process [CHEM ENG] A process for oblong stones arranged in a circular pattern. making paper pulp by alkaline oxidation of ex- {ho¯ n} tremely thin wood chips at low temperature and honed-bore tube [DES ENG] Tubing manufac- pressure and then solubilization of the lignin tured to very close tolerances and having a very fraction. { ¦ha¨lиo¯ pəlиpiŋ pra¨sиəs } smooth surface in the bore. { ¦ho¯ nd ¦bo˙ r tu¨ b} Holzer’s method [MECH] A method of de- honeycomb radiator [MECH ENG] A heat-ex- termining the shapes and frequencies of the tor- change device utilizing many small cells, shaped sional modes of vibration of a system, in which like a bees’ comb, for cooling circulating water one imagines the system to consist of a number in an automobile. { hənиe¯ ko¯ m ra¯dиe¯ a¯dиər} of flywheels on a massless flexible shaft and, honeycomb wall [BUILD] A brick wall having starting with a trial frequency and motion for one openings created either by allowing gaps be- flywheel, determines the torques and motions of tween stretchers or by omitting bricks and used successive flywheels. { ho¯ tиsərz methиəd } to support floor joists and provide ventilation home key [ENG] One of the eight keys on a key- under floors. { hənиe¯ ko¯ m wo˙ l} board on which the typist’s fingers normally rest honing [MECH ENG] The process of removing a in the starting position for touch typing. Also relatively small amount of material from a cylin- known as guide key. { ho¯ m ke¯ } drical surface by means of abrasive stones to homenergic flow [THERMO] Fluid flow in which obtain a desired finish or extremely close dimen- the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy, and sional tolerance. { ho¯ nиiŋ } enthalpy per unit mass is the same at all loca- honing gage [ENG] A device for keeping a chisel tions in the fluid and at all times. { ha¨mиə nərи steady at the proper angle while it is sharpened jik flo¯ } on a flat stone. { ho¯ nиiŋ ga¯j} home row [ENG] The row on a keyboard that hood [DES ENG] An opaque shield placed contains the home keys. { ho¯ m ro¯ } above or around the screen of a cathode-ray tube home signal [CIV ENG] A signal at the beginning to eliminate extraneous light. [ENG] 1. Close- of a block of railroad track that indicates whether fitting, rubber head covering that leaves the face the block is clear. { ho¯ m ¦sigиnəl } exposed; used in scuba diving. 2. A protective homing device [ELECTR] A control device that covering, usually providing special ventilation automatically starts in the correct direction of to carry away objectionable fumes, dusts, and motion or rotation to achieve a desired change, gases, in which dangerous chemical, biological, as in a remote-control tuning motor for a televi- or radioactive materials can be safely handled. sion receiver. [ENG] A device incorporated in {hu˙ d} a guided missile or the like to home it on a hood test [ENG] A leak detection method in target. { ho¯ mиiŋ di vı¯s} which the vessel under test is enclosed by a homing guidance [ENG] A guidance system in metallic casing so that a dynamic leak test may which a missile directs itself to a target by means be carried out on a large portion of the external of a self-contained mechanism that reacts to a surface. { hu˙ d test } particular characteristic of the target. { ho¯ mи hook [DES ENG] A piece of hard material, espe- iŋ gı¯dиəns } cially metal, formed into a curve for catching, homogeneous strain [MECH] A strain in which holding, or pulling something. [ELECTR] A the components of the displacement of any point circuit phenomenon occurring in four-zone tran- in the body are linear functions of the original sistors, wherein hole or electron conduction can coordinates. { ¦ho¯ иmə je¯иne¯иəs stra¯n } occur in opposite directions to produce voltage homogenizer [MECH ENG] A machine that drops that encourage other types of conduc- blends or emulsifies a substance by forcing it tion. { hu˙ k} through fine openings against a hard surface. hookah [ENG] An air supply device used in free {hə ma¨jиə nı¯zиər } diving, comprising a demand regulator worn by homojunction bipolar transistor [ELECTR] Any the diver and a hose extending to a compressed bipolar transistor that is composed entirely of air supply at the surface. { hu¨ иkə } one type of semiconductor. { ¦ho¯ иmo¯ jəŋkиshən hook-and-eye hinge [DES ENG] A hinge con- bı¯ po¯ иlər tran zisиtər } sisting of a hook (usually attached to a gate post)
274
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. horizontal force instrument
over which an eye (usually attached to the gate) hopper [ENG] A funnel-shaped receptacle with is placed. { ¦hu˙ k ən ¯ı hinj } an opening at the top for loading and a discharge hook bolt [DES ENG] A bolt with a hook or L opening at the bottom for bulk-delivering mate- band at one end and threads at the other to fit rial such as grain or coal. { ha¨pиər} a nut. { hu˙ k bo¯ lt } hopper car [ENG] A freight car with a perma- hook collector transistor [ELECTR] A transistor nent roof and a hinged floor sloping to one or in which there are four layers of alternating n- more hoppers for discharging contents by grav- and p-type semiconductor material and the two ity. { ha¨pиər ka¨r} interior layers are thin compared to the diffusion hopper dryer [ENG] In extrusion and injection length. Also known as hook transistor; pn hook molding of plastics, a combined feeding and dry- transistor. { ¦hu˙ kkə lekиtər tran zisиtər } ing device in which hot air flows through the Hookean deformation [MECH] Deformation of hopper. { ha¨pиər ¦drı¯иər} a substance which is proportional to the force horizon sensor [ENG] A passive infrared device applied to it. { hu˙ kиe¯иən dəfиər ma¯иshən} that detects the thermal discontinuity between Hookean solid [MECH] An ideal solid which the earth and space; used in establishing a stable obeys Hooke’s law exactly for all values of stress, vertical reference for control of the attitude or however large. { hu˙ kиe¯иən sa¨lиəd } orientation of a missile or satellite in space. Hooker diaphragm cell [CHEM ENG] A device {hə rı¯zиən senиsər} used in industry for the electrolysis of brine (so- horizontal auger [MECH ENG] A rotary drill, dium chloride) to make chlorine and caustic usually powered by a gasoline engine, for making soda (sodium hydroxide) or caustic potash (po- horizontal blasting holes in quarries and open- tassium hydroxide); saturated purified brine fed cast pits. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl o˙ gиər} around the anode passes through the diaphragm horizontal boiler [MECH ENG] A water-tube to the cathode; chlorine is formed at the anode boiler having a main bank of straight tubes in- and hydrogen released at the cathode, leaving clined toward the rear at an angle of 5 to 15Њ sodium hydroxide and residual sodium chloride from the horizontal. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl bo˙ ilиər} in the cell liquor; the diaphragm prevents the horizontal boring machine [MECH ENG] A bor- products from mixing. { hu˙ kиər dı¯иə fram sel } ing machine adapted for work not conveniently Hooke’s joint [MECH ENG] A simple universal revolved, for milling, slotting, drilling, tapping, joint; consists of two yokes attached to their boring, and reaming long holes and for making respective shafts and connected by means of a interchangeable parts that must be produced spider. Also known as Cardan joint. { hu˙ ks without jigs and fixtures. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl bo˙ rи jo˙ int } iŋ mə she¯n} Hooke’s law [MECH] The law that the stress of horizontal broaching machine [MECH ENG] A a solid is directly proportional to the strain ap- pull-type broaching machine having the broach plied to it. { hu˙ ks lo˙ } mounted on the horizontal plane. { ha¨rиə za¨ntи hook gage [ENG] An instrument used to meas- əl bro¯ chиiŋ mə she¯n} ure changes in the level of the water in an evapo- horizontal circle [ENG] A graduated disk affixed ration pan; it consists of a pointed metal hook, to the base of a transit or theodolite which is mounted in the vertical, whose position with used to measure horizontal angles. { ha¨rи respect to its supporting member may be ad- ə za¨ntиəl sərиkəl} justed by means of a micrometer arrangement; horizontal crusher [MECH ENG] Rotary size re- the gage is placed on the still well, and a meas- ducer in which the crushing cone is supported urement is taken when the point of the hook just on a horizontal shaft; needs less headroom than breaks above the surface of the water. { hu˙ k vertical models. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl krəshиər} ga¯j} horizontal drilling machine [MECH ENG] A dril- hook transistor See hook collector transistor. ling machine in which the drill bits extend in a { hu˙ k tran zisиtər} horizontal direction. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl drilиiŋ hookup [ELEC] An arrangement of circuits and mə she¯n} apparatus for a particular purpose. { hu˙ k əp} horizontal engine [MECH ENG] An engine with hook wrench [DES ENG] A wrench with a hook horizontal stroke. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl enиjən} for turning a nut or bolt. { hu˙ k rench } horizontal field balance [ENG] An instrument hoop [CIV ENG] A ring-shaped binder placed that measures the horizontal component of the around the main reinforcement in a reinforced magnetic field by means of the torque that the concrete column. { hu¨ p } field component exerts on a vertical permanent hooped column [CIV ENG] A column of rein- magnet. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl fe¯ld balиəns } forced concrete with hoops around the main re- horizontal firing [MECH ENG] The firing of fuel inforcements. { hu¨ pt ¦ka¨lиəm} in a boiler furnace in which the burners discharge Hope’s apparatus [THERMO] An apparatus fuel and air into the furnace horizontally. { ha¨rи consisting of a vessel containing water, a freezing ə za¨ntиəl fı¯rиiŋ } mixture in a tray surrounding the vessel, and horizontal force instrument [ENG] An instru- thermometers inserted in the water at points ment used to make a comparison between the above and below the freezing mixture; used to intensity of the horizontal component of the show that the maximum density of water lies at earth’s magnetic field and the magnetic field at about 4ЊC. { ho¯ ps apиə radиəs } the compass location on board a craft; basically,
275
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. horizontal intensity variometer
it consists of a magnetized needle pivoted in a diaphragm and the air load. { ¦ho˙ rn lo¯ dиəd horizontal plane, as a dry-card compass; it set- spe¯kиər} tles in some position which indicates the direc- horn loudspeaker [ENG ACOUS] A loudspeaker tion of the resultant magnetic field; if the needle in which the radiating element is coupled to is started swinging, it damps down with a certain the air or another medium by means of a horn. period of oscillation dependent upon the { ho˙ rn lau˙ d spe¯kиər} strength of the magnetic field. Also known horn socket [DES ENG] A cone-shaped fishing as horizontal vibrating needle. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl tool especially designed to recover lost collared ¦fo¯ rs inиstrəиmənt } drill rods, drill pipe, or tools in bored wells. horizontal intensity variometer [ENG] Essen- { ho˙ rn sa¨kиət} tially a declination variometer with a larger, stif- horsepower [MECH] The unit of power in the fer fiber than in the standard model; there is British engineering system, equal to 550 foot- enough torsion in the fiber to cause the magnet pounds per second, approximately 745.7 watts. Њ to turn 90 out of the magnetic meridian; the Abbreviated hp. { ho˙ rs¦pau˙ иər} magnet is aligned with the magnetic prime verti- hose [DES ENG] Flexible tube used for con- Њ cal to within 0.5 so it does not respond apprecia- veying fluids. { ho¯ z} bly to changes in declination. Also known as hose clamp [DES ENG] Band or brace to attach иə иə и ə и и H variometer. { ha¨r za¨nt linten s d e¯ ver the raw end of a hose to a water outlet. иə иə e¯ a¨m d r} { ho¯ z klamp } horizontal lathe [MECH ENG] A horizontally hose coupling [DES ENG] Device to intercon- mounted lathe with which longitudinal and ra- nect two or more pieces of hose. { ho¯ z kəpи dial movements are applied to a workpiece that ŋ иə иə li } rotates. { ha¨r za¨nt l la¯th } hose fitting [DES ENG] Any attachment or ac- horizontal magnetometer [ENG] A measuring cessory item for a hose. { ho¯ z fidиiŋ } instrument for ascertaining changes in the hori- hostile-environment machine [MECH ENG] A zontal component of the magnetic field intensity. иə иə и ə иə иə robot capable of operating in extreme conditions { ha¨r za¨nt l mag n ta¨m d r} of temperature, vibration, moisture, pollution, horizontal milling machine [MECH ENG] A or electromagnetic or nuclear radiation. { ha¨sи knee-type milling machine with a horizontal təlin vı¯иrənиmənt mə she¯n} spindle and a swiveling table for cutting helices. hot-air engine [MECH ENG] A heat engine in { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl milиiŋ mə shen} ¯ which air or other gases, such as hydrogen, he- horizontal pendulum MECH A pendulum that [ ] lium, or nitrogen, are used as the working fluid, moves in a horizontal plane, such as a compass operating on cycles such as the Stirling or Erics- needle turning on its pivot. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl son. { ha¨¦der enиjən} penиjəиləm} hot-air furnace [MECH ENG] An encased heat- horizontal return tubular boiler [MECH ENG] A ing unit providing warm air to ducts for circula- fire-tube boiler having tubes within a cylindrical tion by gravity convection or by fans. { ha¨¦der shell that are attached to the end closures; prod- ə и ə ucts of combustion are transported under the f r n s} lower half of the shell and back through the hot-air sterilization [ENG] A method of steriliza- tubes. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəlri tərn ¦tu¨ иbyəиlər bo˙ ilи tion using dry heat for glassware and other heat- ər} resistant materials which need to be dry after treatment; temperatures of 160–165ЊC are gener- horizontal scanning [ENG] In radar scanning, ated for at least 2 hours. { ha¨¦der sterиəи rotating the antenna in azimuth around the hori- ə и ə zon or in a sector. Also known as searching l za¯ sh n} lighting. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl skanиiŋ } hot-bulb [MECH ENG] Pertaining to an ignition horizontal screen [MECH ENG] Shaking screen method used in semidiesel engines in which the with horizontal plates. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl skre¯n} fuel mixture is ignited in a separate chamber horizontal-tube evaporator [MECH ENG] A hori- kept above the ignition temperature by the heat ə zontally mounted tube-and-shell type of liquid of compression. { ha¨t b lb } evaporator, used most often for preparation of hot carrier [ELECTR] A carrier, which may be ei- boiler feedwater. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl ¦tu¨ bi vapи ther an electron or a hole, that has relatively ə ra¯dиər} high energy with respect to the carriers normally horizontal vibrating needle See horizontal force in- found in majority-carrier devices such as thin- ¦ и иə strument. { ha¨rиə za¨ntиəl ¦vı¯ bra¯dиiŋ ne¯dиəl} film transistors. { ha¨t kar e¯ r} horn [BUILD] A section projecting from the end hot-chamber die casting [ENG] A die-casting of one of the members of a right-angle wood process in which a piston is driven through a framing joint. [ENG ACOUS] A tube whose reservoir of molten metal and thereby delivers cross-sectional area increases from one end to a quantity of molten metal to the die cavity. the other, used to radiate or receive sound waves { ha¨t ¦cha¯mиbər dı¯ kastиiŋ } and to intensify and direct them. Also known Hotchkiss drive [MECH ENG] An automobile as acoustic horn. { ho˙ rn } rear suspension designed to take torque reac- horn-loaded speaker [ENG ACOUS] A loud- tions through longitudinal leaf springs. speaker that has an acoustic horn between the { ha¨ch kis drı¯v}
276
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Houdry hydrocracking
Hotchkiss superdip [ENG] A sensitive dip nee- a reaction system at which the temperature is dle consisting of a freely rotating magnetic nee- appreciably higher than in the bulk of the reactor; dle about a horizontal axis and a nonmagnetic usually locates the reaction front. [ENG] An bar with a counterweight at the end which is area in a pipeline that is subject to excessive attached to the pivot point of the needle. corrosion. { ha¨t spa¨t} { ha¨ch kis su¨ иpər dip } hot spraying [ENG] A paint-spraying technique hot-draw [ENG] To draw a material while it is in which paint viscosity is reduced by heat rather hot. { ha¨t ¦dro˙ } than a solvent. { ¦ha¨t ¦spra¯иiŋ } hot editing [CONT SYS] A method for detecting hot stamp [ENG] An impression on a forging errors in the programming of a robot in which made in a heated condition. { ha¨t stamp } as many errors as possible are identified and hot strength See tensile strength. { ha¨t resolved during testing, without setting the ro- streŋkth } botic program to its starting condition. { ha¨t hot-water heating [MECH ENG] A heating sys- edиədиiŋ } tem for a building in which the heat-conveying hot electron [ELECTR] An electron that is in ex- medium is hot water and the heat-emitting cess of the thermal equilibrium number and, for means are radiators, convectors, or panel coils. metals, has an energy greater than the Fermi Also known as hydronic heating. { ha¨t wo˙ dиər level; for semiconductors, the energy must be a he¯dиiŋ } definite amount above that of the edge of the hot well [MECH ENG] A chamber for collecting conduction band. { ha¨ti lek tra¨n} condensate, as in a steam condenser serving an hot-electron transistor [ELECTR] A transistor in engine or turbine. { ha¨t wel } which electrons tunnel through a thin emitter- hot-wire ammeter [ENG] An ammeter which base barrier ballistically (that is, without scatter- measures alternating or direct current by send- ing), traverse a very narrow base region, and ing it through a fine wire, causing the wire to cross a barrier at the base-collector interface heat and to expand or sag, deflecting a pointer. whose height, controlled by the collector volt- Also known as thermal ammeter. { ha¨t ¦wı¯r age, determines the fraction of electrons coming a medиər} to the collector. { ¦ha¨ti lek tra¨n tran zisиtər} hot-wire anemometer [ENG] An anemometer hot-gas welding [ENG] Joining of thermoplastic used in research on air turbulence and boundary materials by softening first with a jet of hot air, layers; the resistance of an electrically heated then joining at the softened points. { ha¨t gas fine wire placed in a gas stream is altered by weldиiŋ } cooling by an amount which depends on the hot hole [ELECTR] A hole that can move at fluid velocity. { ha¨t ¦wı¯r anиə ma¨mиədиər} much greater velocity than normal holes in a hot-wire instrument [ENG] An instrument that semiconductor. { ha¨t ho¯ l } depends for its operation on the expansion by hothouse [ENG] A greenhouse heated to grow heat of a wire carrying a current. { ha¨t ¦wı¯r inи plants out of season. { ha¨t hau˙ s } strəиmənt } hot isostatic pressing [ENG] A process in which hot-wire microphone [ENG ACOUS] A velocity a ceramic or metal powder is consolidated by microphone that depends for its operation on heating and compressing the powder equally the change in resistance of a hot wire as the wire from all directions inside a sealed flexible mold. is cooled by varying particle velocities in a sound Abbreviated HIP. { ¦ha¨t ¯ıиso¯ ¦stadиik presиiŋ } wave. { ha¨t ¦wı¯r mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} hot junction [ELECTR] The heated junction of a hot work [IND ENG] A task that requires working thermocouple. { ha¨t jəŋkиshən} on, or in proximity to, exposed energized electri- hot patching [ENG] Repair of a hot refractory cal equipment or wiring. { ha¨t wərk } lining in a furnace, usually by spraying with a Houdry butane dehydrogenation [CHEM ENG] refractory slurry. { ha¨t pachиiŋ } A catalytic process for dehydrogenating light hy- hot pressing [ENG] 1. Forming a metal-powder drocarbons from crude oil to their corresponding compact or a ceramic shape by applying pressure mono- or diolefins; chromia-alumina catalysts and heat simultaneously at temperatures high with inert material are used in pellet form. enough for sintering to occur. 2. Fabrication of { hu¨ иdre¯ ¦byu¨ ta¯nde¯ hı¯иdrəиjə na¯иshən} a composite material through joining the rein- Houdry fixed-bed catalytic cracking [CHEM forcement and the matrix by means of heat and ENG] A cyclic, regenerable process for cracking pressure, usually in a hydraulically actuated of petroleum distillates to produce high-octane press. { ha¨t presиiŋ } gasoline from higher-boiling petroleum frac- hot-runner mold [ENG] A plastics mold in tions; synthetic or natural bead catalysts of acti- which the runners are kept hot by insulation from vated hydrosilicate of alumina may be used. the chilled cavities. { ha¨t rənиər mo¯ ld } Also known as Houdry process. { hu¨ иdre¯ ¦fixt hot saw [MECH ENG] A power saw used to cut ¦bed kadиəl¦idиik krakиiŋ } hot metal. { ha¨t so˙ } Houdry hydrocracking [CHEM ENG] A catalytic hot-solder coating [ENG] The application of a process combining cracking and desulfurization protective finish to a printed circuit board by of crude petroleum oil in the presence of hydro- dip soldering in a solder bath. { ha¨t ¦sa¨dиər gen; catalysts may be nickel oxide or nickel sul- ko¯ dиiŋ } fide on silica alumina, and cobalt molybdate on hot spot [CHEM ENG] An area or point within alumina. { hu¨ иdre¯ ¦hı¯иdro¯ ¦krakиiŋ }
277
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Houdry process
Houdry process See Houdry fixed-bed catalytic knowledge dealing with the capabilities and limi- cracking. { hu¨ иdre¯ pra¨иsəs} tations of human performance in relation to de- hour [MECH] A unit of time equal to 3600 sec- sign of machines, jobs, and other modifications onds. Abbreviated h; hr. { au˙ r} of the human’s physical environment. Also hourglass screw See Hindley screw. { au˙ r glas known as human engineering. { hyu¨ иmən ¦fakи skru¨ } tərz enиjə nirиiŋ } hourglass worm See Hindley screw. { au˙ r glas human-machine chart [IND ENG] A two-col- wərm } umn, multiple-activity process chart listing the housed joint See dado joint. { hau˙ zd jo˙ int } steps performed by an operator and the opera- house drain [CIV ENG] Horizontal drain in a tions performed by a machine and showing the basement receiving waste from stacks. corresponding idle times for each. Also known as man-machine chart. { ¦yu¨ иmənmə¦shen { hau˙ s dra¯n} ¯ cha¨rt } house sewer [CIV ENG] Connection between human-machine system [ENG] A system in house drain and public sewer. { haus su¨ иər} ˙ which the functions of the worker and the ma- housing [ENG] A case or enclosure to cover and chine are interrelated and necessary for the oper- protect a structure or a mechanical device. и ŋ ation of the system. Also known as man-ma- { hau˙ zi } chine system. { ¦yu¨ иmənmə¦she¯n sisиtəm} Houskeeper seal [ENG] A vacuum-tight seal hum-bucking coil [ENG ACOUS] A coil wound made between copper and glass by bringing the on the field coil of an excited-field loudspeaker copper to a flexible feather edge before fusing and connected in series opposition with the it to the glass; the copper then flexes as the glass voice coil, so that hum voltage induced in the shrinks during cooling. { hau˙ s ke¯pиər se¯l} voice coil is canceled by that induced in the hum- hovercraft See air-cushion vehicle. { həvи bucking coil. { həm bəkиiŋ ko˙ il } ər kraft } humidification [ENG] The process of increasing Howell-Bunger valve See cone valve. { hau˙ иəl the water vapor content of a gas. { yu¨ midиiи bəŋиgər valv } fə ka¯иshən} Howe truss [CIV ENG] A truss for spans up to humidifier [MECH ENG] An apparatus for sup- 80 feet (24 meters) having both vertical and diag- plying moisture to the air and for maintaining onal members; made of steel or timber or both. desired humidity conditions. { yu¨ midиə fı¯иər} { hau˙ trəs} humidistat [ENG] An instrument that measures howl [ENG ACOUS] Undesirable prolonged and controls relative humidity. Also known as sound produced by a radio receiver or audio- hydrostat. { yu¨ midиə stat } frequency amplifier system because of either humidity element [ENG] The transducer of any electric or acoustic feedback. { hau˙ l} hygrometer, that is, that part of a hygrometer that Hoyer method of prestressing See pretensioning. quantitatively senses atmospheric water vapor. { ho˙ iиyər methиəd əvpre¯ stresиiŋ } { hyu¨ midиədиe¯ elиəиmənt } hp See horsepower. humidity strip [ENG] The humidity transducing H pile [CIV ENG] A steel pile that is H-shaped element in a Diamond-Hinman radiosonde; it in section. { ¦a¯ch pı¯l} consists of a flat plastic strip bounded by elec- hr See hour. trodes on two sides and coated with a hygro- H rod [DES ENG] A drill rod having an outside scopic chemical compound such as lithium chlo- diameter of 3-1/2 inches (8.89 centimeters). ride; the electrical resistance of this coating is a { a¯ch ra¨d} function of the amount of moisture absorbed HTU See height of transfer unit. from the atmosphere and the temperature of the strip. Also known as electrolytic strip. { hyu¨ hub [BUILD] The core section of a building from midиədиe¯ strip } which corridors extend. [DES ENG] 1. The cy- lindrical central part of a wheel, propeller, or fan. Humphrey gas pump [MECH ENG] A combined internal combustion engine and pump in which 2. A piece in a lock that is turned by the knob the metal piston has been replaced by a column spindle, causing the bolt to move. 3. A short of water. { həmиfre¯ gas pəmp } coupling that joins plumbing pipes. [ENG] In Humphries equation [THERMO] An equation surveying, a stake that marks the position of a ə which gives the ratio of specific heats at constant theodolite. { h b} pressure and constant volume in moist air as a hubcap [DES ENG] A metal cap fastened or function of water vapor pressure. { həmиfre¯z clamped to the end of an axle, as on motor i kwaиzhən} ə ¯ vehicles. { h b kap } hump yard [CIV ENG] A switch yard in a railway Huggenberger tensometer [ENG] A type of ex- system that has a hump or steep incline down tensometer having a short gage length (10 to 20 which freight cars can coast to prescheduled millimeters) and employing a compound lever locations. Also known as gravity yard. system that gives a magnification of about 1200. { həmp ya¨rd } { həgиən bərgиər ten sa¨mиədиər} hungry joint See starved joint. { həŋиgre¯ ¦jo˙ int } human engineering See human-factors engi- hung shot [ENG] A shot whose explosion is de- neering. { hyu¨ иmən enиjə nirиiŋ } layed after detonation or ignition. { həŋ ¦sha¨t} human-factors engineering [ENG] The area of hunting [CONT SYS] Undesirable oscillation of
278
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. hydraulic classifier
an automatic control system, wherein the con- pairs of terminals so arranged that a signal enter- trolled variable swings on both sides of the de- ing at one terminal pair divides and emerges sired value. [ELECTR] Operation of a selector from the two adjacent terminal pairs, but is un- in moving from terminal to terminal until one able to reach the opposite terminal pair. Also is found which is idle. [MECH ENG] Irregular known as bridge hybrid. { hı¯иbrəd jəŋkиshən} engine speed resulting from instability of the hybrid microcircuit [ELECTR] Microcircuit in governing device. { həntиiŋ } which thin-film, thick-film, or diffusion tech- hunting circuit See lockout circuit. { həntиiŋ niques are combined with separately attached sərиkət } semiconductor chips to form the circuit. { hı¯и hunting tooth [DES ENG] An extra tooth on the brəd mı¯иkro¯ sərиkət} larger of two gear wheels so that the total num- hybrid thin-film circuit [ELECTR] Microcircuit ber of teeth will not be an integral multiple of the formed by attaching discrete components and number on the smaller wheel. { həntиiŋ tu¨ th } semiconductor devices to networks of passive hurricane beacon [ENG] An air-launched bal- components and conductors that have been vac- loon designed to be released in the eye of a uum-deposited on glazed ceramic, sapphire, or tropical cyclone, to float within the eye at prede- glass substrates. { hı¯иbrəd ¦thin film sərиkət} termined levels, and to transmit radio signals. hydrant See fire hydrant. { hı¯иdrənt } { hərиə ka¯n be¯иkən} hydraucone [DES ENG] A conical, spreading hurricane lamp [ENG] An oil lamp with a glass type of draft tube used on hydraulic turbine in- chimney and perforated lid to protect the flame, stallations. { hı¯иdro˙ ko¯ n} or a candle with a glass chimney. { hərиə ka¯n hydraulic [ENG] Operated or effected by the ac- lamp } tion of water or other fluid of low viscosity. hurricane tracking [ENG] Recording of the { hı¯ dro˙ иlik } movement of individual hurricanes by means of hydraulic accumulator [MECH ENG] A hydraulic airplane sightings and satellite photography. flywheel that stores potential energy by accumu- { hərиə ka¯n trakиiŋ } lating a quantity of pressurized hydraulic fluid Huttig equation [THERMO] An equation which in a suitable enclosed vessel. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik ə kyu¨ и states that the ratio of the volume of gas ad- myə la¯dиər} sorbed on the surface of a nonporous solid at a hydraulic actuator [MECH ENG] A cylinder or given pressure and temperature to the volume fluid motor that converts hydraulic power into of gas required to cover the surface completely useful mechanical work; mechanical motion pro- with a unimolecular layer equals (1 ϩ r) cr/ duced may be linear, rotary, or oscillatory. (1 ϩ cr), where r is the ratio of the equilibrium { hı¯ dro˙ иlik akиchə wa¯dиər} gas pressure to the saturated vapor pressure of hydraulic air compressor [MECH ENG] A device the adsorbate at the temperature of adsorption, in which water falling down a pipe entrains air and c is the product of a constant and the expo- which is released at the bottom under compres- nential of (q Ϫ ql)/RT, where q is the heat of sion to do useful work. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik er kəm adsorption into a first layer molecule, ql is the presиər} heat of liquefaction of the adsorbate, T is the hydraulic amplifier [CONT SYS] A device which temperature, and R is the gas constant. { hədи increases the power of a signal in a hydraulic ik i kwa¯иzhən } servomechanism or other system through the HVAC [CIV ENG] The abbreviation for heating, use of fixed and variable orifices. Also known ventilation, and air conditioning systems, used as hydraulic intensifier. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik amиplə fı¯и in building design and construction. { ¦a¯ch ər} ¦ve¯¦a¯ se¯ or a¯ch vak } hydraulic backhoe [MECH ENG] A backhoe op- H variometer See horizontal intensity variometer. erated by a hydraulic mechanism. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik { a¯ch verиe¯ a¨mиədиər} bak ho¯ } hybrid beam [ENG] A metal beam with flanges hydraulic brake [MECH ENG] A brake in which fabricated from a material that differs from that the retarding force is applied through the action of the web plate and has a different minimum of a hydraulic press. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik bra¯k} yield strength. { ¦hı¯иbrəd ¦be¯m} hydraulic circuit [MECH ENG] A circuit whose hybrid inlet noise reduction [ENG ACOUS] A operation is analogous to that of an electric cir- method of reducing the noise from the inlet of cuit except that electric currents are replaced by a jet engine, which involves the use of both high- currents of water or other fluids, as in a hydraulic Mach-number flows to retard or block the pas- control. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik sərиkət} sage of sound waves and acoustic treatment of hydraulic classification [ENG] Classification of the walls of the inlet. { hı¯иbrəd ¦inиlət no˙ iz particles in a tank by specific gravity, utilizing ri dəkиshən} the action of rising water currents. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik hybrid integrated circuit [ELECTR] A circuit in klasиəиfə ka¯иshən} which one or more discrete components are used hydraulic classifier [MECH ENG] A classifier in in combination with integrated-circuit construc- which particles are sorted by specific gravity in tion. { hı¯иbrəd ¦intиə gra¯dиəd sərиkət} a stream of hydraulic water that rises at a con- hybrid junction [ELECTR] A transformer, resis- trolled rate; heavier particles gravitate down and tor, or waveguide circuit or device that has four are discharged at the bottom, while lighter ones
279
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. hydraulic clutch
are carried up and out. Also known as hy- hydraulic nozzle [MECH ENG] An atomizing de- drosizer. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik klasиə fı¯иər} vice in which fluid pressure is converted into hydraulic clutch See fluid drive. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik fluid velocity. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik na¨zиəl} kləch } hydraulic packing [ENG] Packing material that hydraulic conveyor [MECH ENG] A system for resists the effects of water even under high pres- handling material, such as ash from a coal-fired sure. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik pakиiŋ } furnace; refuse is flushed from a hopper or slag hydraulic power system [MECH ENG] A power tank to a grinder which discharges to a pump transmission system comprising machinery and for conveying to a disposal area or a dewatering auxiliary components which function to gener- bin. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik kən va¯иər} ate, transmit, control, and utilize hydraulic en- hydraulic coupling See fluid coupling. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik ergy. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik pau˙ иər sisиtəm} kəpиliŋ } hydraulic press [MECH ENG] A combination of hydraulic cylinder [MECH ENG] The cylindrical a large and a small cylinder connected by a pipe chamber of a positive displacement pump. and filled with a fluid so that the fluid pressure {hı¯ dro˙ иlik silиənиdər } created by a small force acting on the small- hydraulic dredge [MECH ENG] A dredge con- cylinder piston will result in a large force on the sisting of a large suction pipe which is mounted large piston. Also known as hydrostatic press. on a hull and supported and moved about by a {hi dro˙ иlik pres } boom, a mechanical agitator or cutter head hydraulic pump See hydraulic ram. { hi dro˙ иlik which churns up earth in front of the pipe, and pəmp } centrifugal pumps mounted on a dredge which hydraulic ram [MECH ENG] A device for forcing suck up water and loose solids. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik running water to a higher level by using the ki- drej } netic energy of flow; the flow of water in the hydraulic drill [MECH ENG] A rotary drill pow- supply pipeline is periodically stopped so that ered by hydrodynamic means and used to make a small portion of water is lifted by the velocity shot-firing holes in coal or rock, or to make a head of a larger portion. Also known as hydrau- well hole. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik dril } lic pump. { hi dro˙ иlik ram } hydraulic drive [MECH ENG] A mechanism hydraulic robot [CONT SYS] A robot that is pow- transmitting motion from one shaft to another, ered by hydraulic actuators, usually controlled the velocity ratio of the shafts being controlled by servovalves and analog resolvers. { hı¯ dro˙ lи by hydrostatic or hydrodynamic means. ik ro¯ ba¨t} {hı¯ dro˙ иlik drı¯v} hydraulic rope-geared elevator [MECH ENG] hydraulic ejector [ENG] A pipe for removing ex- An elevator hoisted by a system of ropes and cavated material from a pneumatic caisson. sheaves attached to a piston in a hydraulic cylin- {hı¯ dro˙ иlik i jekиtər } der. { hi dro˙ иlik ro¯ p gird elиə va¯dиər} hydraulic elevator [MECH ENG] An elevator op- hydraulic scale [MECH ENG] An industrial scale erated by water pressure. Also known as hy- in which the load applied to the load-cell piston draulic lift. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik elиə va¯dиər} is converted to hydraulic pressure. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik hydraulic engineering [CIV ENG] A branch of ska¯l} civil engineering concerned with the design, hydraulic separation [MECH ENG] Mechanical erection, and construction of sewage disposal classification using a hydraulic classifier. plants, waterworks, dams, water-operated power {hı¯ dro˙ иlik sepиə ra¯иshən} plants, and such. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik enиjə nirиiŋ } hydraulic shovel [MECH ENG] A revolving hydraulic excavator digger [MECH ENG] An ex- shovel in which hydraulic rams or motors are cavation machine which employs hydraulic pis- substituted for drums and cables. { hi dro˙ иlik tons to actuate mechanical digging elements. shəvиəl} {hı¯ dro˙ иlik eksиkə va¯dиər digиər} hydraulic sprayer [MECH ENG] A machine that hydraulic intensifier See hydraulic amplifier. sprays large quantities of insecticide or fungicide {hı¯ dro˙ иlik in tenиsə fı¯иər } on crops. { hi dro˙ иlik spra¯иər} hydraulic jack [MECH ENG] A jack in which hydraulic spraying See airless spraying. { hi dro˙ и force is applied through the mechanism of a lik spra¯иiŋ } hydraulic press. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik jak } hydraulic stacker [MECH ENG] A tiering ma- hydraulic jetting [ENG] Use of high-pressure chine whose carriage is raised or lowered by a water forced through nozzles to clean tube interi- hydraulic cylinder. { hi dro˙ иlik stakиər} ors and exteriors in heat exchangers and boilers. hydraulic swivel head [MECH ENG] In a drill {hı¯ dro˙ иlik jedиiŋ } machine, a swivel head equipped with hydrau- hydraulic lift See hydraulic elevator. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik lically actuated cylinders and pistons to exert lift } pressure on and move the drill rod string longitu- hydraulic machine [MECH ENG] A machine dinally. { hi dro˙ иlik swivиəl hed } powered by a motor activated by the confined hydraulic transport [ENG] Movement of mate- flow of a stream of liquid, such as oil or water rial by water. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik tranz po˙ rt } under pressure. { hı¯ dro˙ иlik mə she¯n} hydraulic turbine [MECH ENG] A machine hydraulic motor [MECH ENG] A motor activated which converts the energy of an elevated water by water or other liquid under pressure. supply into mechanical energy of a rotating shaft. {hı¯ dro˙ иlik mo¯ dиər} {hı¯ dro˙ иlik tərиbən}
280
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. hydroseparator
hydrocarbon blending value [ENG] Octane hydroforming [CHEM ENG] A petroleum-refin- number rating for a 20% blend of a hydrocarbon ery process in which naphthas are passed over a with a 60:40 mixture of isooctane:n-heptane, catalyst at elevated temperatures and moderate which has been recalculated for a hypothetical pressures in the presence of added hydrogen or 100% concentration of the tested hydrocarbon. hydrogen-containing gases, to form high-octane { ¦hı¯иdrə ka¨rиbən blendиiŋ valиyu¨ } BTX aromatics for motor fuels or chemical manu- hydroclone [CHEM ENG] A device for separat- facture. { ¦hı¯иdrə forиmiŋ } ing a solid-liquid mixture during an industrial hydroformylation [CHEM ENG] The reaction of process by using a conical vortex and centrifugal adding hydrogen and the ϪCHO group to the force. { hı¯иdrə klo¯ n} carbon atoms across a double bond to yield oxy- hydrocracker [CHEM ENG] A high-pressure genated derivatives; an example is in the oxo processing unit that cracks long hydrocarbon process where the term hydroformylation ap- molecules under a high-hydrogen-content at- plies to those reactions brought about by treat- и иə mosphere. { hı¯ dro¯ krak r} ing olefins with a mixture of hydrogen and car- hydrocracking [CHEM ENG] A catalytic, high- bon monoxide in the presence of a cobalt cata- pressure petroleum refinery process that is flexi- lyst. { hı¯иdrə fo˙ rиmə la¯иshən} ble enough to produce either high-octane gaso- hydrogasification [CHEM ENG] A technique to line or aviation jet fuel; the two main reactions manufacture synthetic pipeline gas from coal; are the adding of hydrogen to petroleum-derived pulverized coal is reacted with hot, raw, hydro- molecules too massive and complex for gasoline gen-rich gas containing a substantial amount of and then the cracking of them to the required steam at 1000 pounds per square inch gage fuels; the catalyst is an acidic solid and a hydro- (6.9 ϫ 106 pascals, gage) to form methane. genating metal component. { hı¯иdro¯ krakиiŋ } { hı¯иdrə gasиəиfə ka¯иshən} hydrocyclone [MECH ENG] A cyclone separator hydrogenation [CHEM ENG] Saturation of di- in which granular solids are removed from a olefin impurities in gasolines to form a stable stream of water and classified by centrifugal product. { hı¯ dra¨jиə na¯иshən} force. { ¦hı¯иdro¯ ¦sı¯ klo¯ n} hydrographic sextant [ENG] A surveying sex- hydrodealkylation [CHEM ENG] A petroleum tant similar to those used for celestial navigation refining operation in which heat and pressure are used to remove methyl groups or larger alkyl but smaller and lighter, constructed so that the groups from hydrocarbons, or to change posi- maximum angle that can be read is slightly tions of these groups on the molecule; used to greater than that on the navigating sextant; usu- upgrade low-value products. { hı¯иdro¯ иde¯ alи ally the angles can be read only to the nearest kə la¯иshən} minute by means of a vernier; it is fitted with a telescope with a large object glass and field of hydrodesulfurization [CHEM ENG] A catalytic view. Also known as sounding sextant; survey- process in which the petroleum feedstock is re- и ə и и ə acted with hydrogen to reduce the sulfur content ing sextant. { hı¯ dr graf ik seks t nt } и и ə и əи ə и ə hydrographic sonar [ENG] An echo sounder in the oil. { hı¯ dro¯ de¯ s l f r za¯ sh n} и ə и hydrodynamic oscillator ENG ACOUS A trans- used in mapping ocean bottoms. { hı¯ dr graf [ ] ducer for generating sound waves in fluids, in ik so¯ na¨r} which a continuous flow through an orifice is hydrometer [ENG] A direct-reading instrument modulated by a reciprocating valve system con- for indicating the density, specific gravity, or trolled by acoustic feedback. { hı¯иdro¯ иdı¯ namи some similar characteristic of liquids. { hı¯ иə иə ik a¨sиə la¯dиər} dra¨m d r} hydroelectric generator [MECH ENG] An elec- hydrometrograph [ENG] An instrument that tric rotating machine that transforms mechanical measures and records the rate of water discharge power from a hydraulic turbine or water wheel from a pipe or an orifice. { hı¯иdrə meиtrə graf } into electric power. { ¦hı¯иdro¯ иi lekиtrik jenи hydronic heating See hot-water heating. ə ra¯dиər} {hı¯ dra¨nиik he¯dиiŋ } hydroelectricity [ELEC] Electric power pro- hydrophone [ENG ACOUS] A device which re- duced by hydroelectric generators. Also known ceives underwater sound waves and converts as hydropower. { ¦hı¯иdro¯ иi lek trisиədиe¯ } them to electric waves. { hı¯иdrə fo¯ n} hydroelectric plant [MECH ENG] A facility at hydropneumatic [ENG] Operated by both water which electric energy is produced by hydroelec- and air power. { ¦hı¯иdro¯ иnu¨ madиik } tric generators. Also known as hydroelectric hydropneumatic recoil system [MECH ENG] A power station. { ¦hı¯иdro¯ иi lekиtrik plant } recoil mechanism that absorbs the energy of re- hydroelectric power station See hydroelectric coil by the forcing of oil through orifices and plant. { ¦hı¯иdro¯ иi lekиtrik pau˙ иər sta¯иshən} returns the gun to battery by compressed gas. hydrofining [CHEM ENG] A fixed-bed catalytic { ¦hı¯иdro¯ иnu¨ madиik re¯ ko˙ il sisиtəm} process to desulfurize and hydrogenate a wide hydropower See hydroelectricity. { hı¯иdrə pau˙ и range of charge stocks, from gases through ər} waxes; the catalyst comprises cobalt oxide and hydroseparator [MECH ENG] A separator in molybdenum oxide on an extruded alumina sup- which solids in suspension are agitated by port and may be regenerated in place by air and hydraulic pressure or stirring devices. { ¦hı¯иdro¯ steam or flue gas. { hı¯иdrə fı¯nиiŋ } sepиə ra¯dиər}
281
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. hydrosizer
hydrosizer See hydraulic classifier. { hı¯иdrə sı¯zи direct indication of the amount of moisture in ər} the air or other gas, the indication usually being hydrostat See humidistat. { hı¯иdrə stat } in terms of relative humidity as a percentage hydrostatic balance [MECH] An equal-arm bal- which the moisture present bears to the maxi- ance in which an object is weighed first in air mum amount of moisture that could be present and then in a beaker of water to determine its at the location temperature without condensa- specific gravity. { hı¯иdrə¦stadиik i kwa¯иzhən} tion taking place. { hı¯ gra¨mиədиər} hydrostatic bearing [MECH ENG] A sleeve bear- hygrometry [ENG] The study which treats of the ing in which high-pressure oil is pumped into measurement of the humidity of the atmosphere the area between the shaft and the bearing so and other gases. { hı¯ gra¨mиəиtre¯ } that the shaft is raised and supported by an oil hygrothermograph [ENG] An instrument for re- film. { hı¯иdrə stadиik berиiŋ } cording temperature and humidity on a single hydrostatic modulus See bulk modulus of elastic- chart. { hı¯иgrə thərиmə graf } ity. { hı¯иdrə stadиik ma¨jиəиləs} hyl See metric-technical unit of mass. hydrostatic press See hydraulic press. { hı¯и hyperbaric chamber [ENG] A specially drə stadиik pres } equipped pressure vessel used in medicine and hydrostatic pressing [ENG] Compacting ce- physiological research to administer oxygen at ramic or metal powders by packing them in a elevated pressures. { ¦hı¯иpər¦barиik cha¯mиbər} rubber bag which is subjected to pressure from hyperbolic horn [ENG] Horn whose equivalent a hydraulic press. { hı¯иdrə stadиik presиiŋ } cross-sectional radius increases according to a hydrostatic roller conveyor [MECH ENG] A por- hyperbolic law. { ¦hı¯иpər¦ba¨lиik ho˙ rn } tion of a roller conveyor that has rolls weighted hyperforming [CHEM ENG] A catalytic, petro- with liquid to control the speed of the moving leum-refinery hydrogenation process to improve и ə и и ə ə иə objects. { hı¯ dr stad ik ro¯ l rk n va¯ r} naphtha octane number by removal of sulfur and hydrostatic strength [MECH] The ability of a nitrogen compounds; the catalyst is cobalt mo- и body to withstand hydrostatic stress. { hı¯ lybdate on a silica-alumina base. { hıиpər ə и ŋ ¯ dr stad ik stre kth } fo˙ rиmiŋ } hydrostatic stress [MECH] The condition in hyperoid axle [MECH ENG] A type of rear-axle which there are equal compressive stresses or drive gear set which generally carries the pinion equal tensile stresses in all directions, and no и ə и 1.5–2 inches (38–51 millimeters) or more below shear stresses on any plane. { hı¯ dr stad ik the centerline of the gear. { hı¯иpə ro˙ id akиsəl} stres } hypersonic wind tunnel [ENG] A wind tunnel in hydrostatic test [ENG] Test of strength and which air flows at speeds roughly in the range leak-resistance of a vessel, pipe, or other hollow from 5 to 15 times the speed of sound. { ¦hı¯и equipment by internal pressurization with a test pər sa¨nиik win tənиəl} liquid. { hı¯иdrə stadиik test } hypersorption [CHEM ENG] Process with recir- hydrothermal crystal growth CHEM ENG For- [ ] culating bed of activated-carbon adsorbent for mation of simple crystals of quartz at elevated continuous recovery of ethylene from methane temperatures and pressures in an autoclave with and other low-molecular-weight gases. { ¦hı¯и an alkaline solution. { hı¯иdrə thərиməl kristи pər¦so˙ rpиshən} əl gro¯ th } hyperspectral imaging system [ENG] An infra- hydrotreating [CHEM ENG] Oil refinery catalytic process in which hydrogen is contacted with pe- red imaging system that has more than 30 spec- troleum intermediate or product streams to re- tral channels with relatively fine spectral resolu- tion, allowing imaging spectroscopy to be carried move impurities, such as oxygen, sulfur, nitro- ¦ и ə и ə и и ŋ и ə gen, or unsaturated hydrocarbons. { ¦hı¯иdro¯ out. { hı¯ p r spek tr l im ij i sis t m} ¦tre¯dиiŋ } hypervelocity [MECH] 1. Muzzle velocity of an hydrowire [ENG] A wire to which equipment is artillery projectile of 3500 feet per second (1067 clamped so that it can be lowered over the side meters per second) or more. 2. Muzzle velocity of the ship into the water. { hı¯иdro¯ wı¯r} of a small-arms projectile of 5000 feet per second hygrodeik [ENG] A form of psychrometer with (1524 meters per second) or more. 3. Muzzle wet-bulb and dry-bulb thermometers mounted velocity of a tank-cannon projectile in excess of on opposite edges of a specially designed graph 3350 feet per second (1021 meters per second). of the psychrometric tables, arranged so that the { hı¯иpərиvə la¨sиədиe¯ } intersections of two curves determined by the hypervelocity wind tunnel [ENG] A wind tunnel wet-bulb and dry-bulb readings yield the relative in which higher airspeeds and temperatures can humidity, dew-point, and absolute humidity. be attained than in a hypersonic wind tunnel. { hı¯иgrə dı¯k} { hı¯иpərиvə la¨sиədиe¯ win tənиəl} hygrogram [ENG] The record made by a hygro- hypochlorite sweetening [CHEM ENG] A petro- graph. { hı¯иgrə gram } leum refinery process to oxidize gasoline mer- hygrograph [ENG] A recording hygrometer. captans by agitation with an aqueous, alkaline { hı¯иgrə graf } hypochlorite solution. { hı¯иpə klo˙ r ¯ıt swetи hygrometer [ENG] An instrument for giving a ənиiŋ }
282
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. hysteretic damping
hypoid gear [MECH ENG] Gear wheels connect- hysteresis [ELECTR] An oscillator effect ing nonparallel, nonintersecting shafts, usually wherein a given value of an operating parameter at right angles. { hı¯ po˙ id ¦gir } may result in multiple values of output power hypoid generator [MECH ENG] A gear-cutting or frequency. { hisиtə re¯иsəs} machine for making hypoid gears. { hı¯ po˙ id hysteresis clutch [MECH ENG] A clutch in иə иə jen ra¯d r} which torque is produced by attraction between hypsometer [ENG] 1. An instrument for mea- induced poles in a magnetized iron ring and the suring atmospheric pressure to ascertain eleva- control field. { hisиtə re¯иsəs kləch } tions by determining the boiling point of liquids. hysteresis damping MECH Damping of a vi- 2. Any of several instruments for determining [ ] иə иə bration due to energy lost through mechanical tree heights by triangulation. { hip sa¨m d r} и ə и ə и ŋ hypsometric [ENG] Pertaining to hypsometry. hysteresis. { his t re¯ s s dam pi } { hipиsə meиtrik } hysteretic damping [MECH] Damping of a vi- hypsometry [ENG] The measuring of elevation brating system in which the retarding force is with reference to sea level. { hip sa¨mиəиtre¯ } proportional to the velocity and inversely pro- hysteresimeter [ENG] A device for measuring portional to the frequency of the vibration. hysteresis. { his terиə simиədиər} { hisиtə redиik ¦dampиiŋ }
283
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. This page intentionally left blank.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. I
I beam [CIV ENG] A rolled iron or steel joist ideal radiator See blackbody. {¯ ı de¯l ra¯dиe¯ a¯dиər} having an I section, with short flanges. { ¯ı identification [CONT SYS] The procedures for be¯m} deducing a system’s transfer function from its IC See integrated circuit. response to a step-function input or to an im- ice-accretion indicator [ENG] An instrument pulse. {¯ ı dentиəиfə ka¯иshən} used to detect the occurrence of freezing precipi- identification, friend or foe [ENG] A system us- tation, usually consisting of a strip of sheet alu- ing pulsed radio transmissions to which equip- 1 minum about 1 /2 inches (4 centimeters) wide, ment carried by friendly forces automatically re- and is exposed horizontally, face up, in the free sponds, by emitting a pulse code, thereby identi- air a few meters above the ground. { ¯ıs ə kre¯и fying themselves from enemy forces; a method shən indиə ka¯dиər} of determining the friendly or unfriendly charac- ice apron [CIV ENG] A wedge-shaped structure ter of aircraft, ships, and army units by other which protects a bridge pier from floating ice. aircraft, ships, or ground force units. Abbrevi- { ¯ıs a¯иprən} ated IFF. {¯ ı dentиəиfə ka¯иshən frend ər fo¯ } ice buoy [ENG] A sturdy buoy, usually a metal idle [MECH ENG] To run without a load. spar, used to replace a more easily damaged { ¯ıdиəl} buoy during a period when heavy ice is antici- idler arm [MECH ENG] In an automotive steer- pated. { ¯ıs bo˙ i} ing system, a link that supports the tie rod and ice calorimeter See Bunsen ice calorimeter. { ¯ıs transmits steering motion to both wheels kalиə rimиədиər} through the ends of the tie rod. { ¯ıdиlər a¨rm } ice line [THERMO] A graph of the freezing point idler gear [MECH ENG] A gear situated between of water as a function of pressure. { ¯ıs lı¯n} a driving gear and a driven gear to transfer mo- ice load [ENG] The weight of glaze deposited tion, without any change of direction or of gear on an overhead wire in a power supply system; ratio. { ¯ıdиlər gir } standard safety codes require allowance for 1/2- idler pulley [MECH ENG] A pulley used to guide inch (12.7-millimeter) radial thickness in heavy and tighten the belt or chain of a conveyor sys- loading districts and 1/4-inch (6.35-millimeter) tem. { ¯ıdиlər pu˙ lиe¯ } in medium. { ¯ıs lo¯ d} idler wheel [MECH ENG] 1. A wheel used to ice pick [DES ENG] A hand tool for chipping ice. transmit motion or to guide and support some- { ¯ıs pik } thing. 2. A roller with a rubber surface used to ice tongs [DES ENG] Tongs for handling cubes transfer power by frictional means in a sound- or blocks of ice. { ¯ıs ta¨ŋz} recording or sound-reproducing system. { ¯ıdи icing-rate meter [ENG] An instrument for the lər we¯l} measurement of the rate of ice accretion on an idle-stop solenoid [MECH ENG] An electrically unheated body. { ¯ıиsiŋ ra¯t me¯dиər} operated plunger in a carburetor that provides a ID See inside diameter. predetermined throttle setting at idle and closes ideal gas [THERMO] Also known as perfect gas. the throttle completely when the ignition switch 1. A gas whose molecules are infinitely small is turned off. Also known as antidieseling sole- and exert no force on each other. 2. A gas that noid. { ¦¯ıиdəl sta¨p so¯ иlə no˙ id } obeys Boyle’s law (the product of the pressure idle time [IND ENG] A period of time during a and volume is constant at constant temperature) regular work cycle when a worker is not active and Joule’s law (the internal energy is a function because of waiting for materials or instruction. of the temperature alone). {¯ ı de¯l gas } Also known as waiting time. { ¯ıdиəl tı¯m} ideal gas law [THERMO] The equation of state idling jet [MECH ENG] A carburetor part that in- of an ideal gas which is a good approximation troduces gasoline during minimum load or to real gases at sufficiently high temperatures speed of the engine. { ¯ıdиliŋ jet } and low pressures; that is, PV ϭ RT, where P is idling system [MECH ENG] A system to obtain the pressure, V is the volume per mole of gas, adequate metering forces at low airspeeds and T is the temperature, and R is the gas constant. small throttle openings in an automobile carbu- {ı¯ de¯l gas lo˙ } retor in the idling position. { ¯ıdиliŋ sisиtəm}
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. i-f
i-f See intermediate frequency. immersion scanning [ENG] Ultrasonic scan- i-f amplifier See intermediate-frequency amplifier. ning in which the ultrasonic transducer and the { ¦¯ı ef amиplə fı¯иər } object being scanned are both immersed in wa- IFF See identification, friend or foe. ter or some other liquid that provides good cou- igniter [ENG] 1. A device for igniting a fuel mix- pling while the transducer is being moved ture. 2. A charge, as of black powder, to facili- around the object. { ə mərиzhən skanиiŋ } tate ignition of a propelling or bursting charge. immittance [ELEC] A term used to denote both {ig nı¯dиər} impedance and admittance, as commonly ap- igniter cord [ENG] A cord which passes an in- plied to transmission lines, networks, and cer- tense flame along its length at a uniform rate to tain types of measuring instruments. { i mitи light safety fuses in succession. { ig nı¯dиər əns } ko¯ rd } impact [MECH] A forceful collision between two ignition delay See ignition lag. { ig nishиəndi la¯ } bodies which is sufficient to cause an apprecia- ignition lag [MECH ENG] In the internal com- ble change in the momentum of the system on bustion engine, the time interval between the which it acts. Also known as impulsive force. passage of the spark and the inflammation of the { im pakt } air-fuel mixture. Also known as ignition delay. impact area [ENG] An area with designated {ig nishиən lag } boundaries within which all objects that travel ignition quality [CHEM ENG] The property of a over a range are to make contact with the ground. fuel that ignites when injected into the com- { im pakt erиe¯иə } pressed-air charge in a diesel engine cylinder; impact avalanche and transit time diode See measurement is given in terms of cetane number. IMPATT diode. { im pakt ¦avиə lanch ən tranи {ig nishиən kwa¨lиədиe¯ } zit tı¯m dı¯ o¯ d} ignition system [MECH ENG] The system in an impact bar [ENG] Specimen used to test the rel- internal combustion engine that initiates the ative susceptibility of a plastic material to frac- chemical reaction between fuel and air in the ture by shock. { im pakt ba¨r} cylinder charge by producing a spark. { ig nishи impact breaker [MECH ENG] A device that uti- ən sisиtəm} lizes the energy from falling stones in addition ignorable coordinate See cyclic coordinate. { ig to power from massive impellers for complete no˙ rиəиbəlko¯ o˙ rdиənиət} breaking up of stone. Also known as double I-head cylinder [MECH ENG] The internal com- impeller breaker. { im pakt bra¯kиər} bustion engine construction having both inlet impact crusher [MECH ENG] A machine for and exhaust valves located in the cylinder head. crushing large chunks of solid materials by sharp { ¯ı hed silиənиdər} blows imposed by rotating hammers, or steel ihp See indicated horsepower. plates or bars; some crushers accept lumps as I2L See integrated injection logic. large as 28 inches (about 70 centimeters) in di- illumination design [ENG] Design of sources of ameter, reducing them to 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) lighting and of systems which distribute light in and smaller. { im pakt krəshиər} order to effect a comfortable and satisfactory impact energy [MECH] The energy necessary to environment for seeing. { ə lu¨ иmə na¯иshən fracture a material. Also known as impact di zı¯n } strength. { im pakt enиərиje¯ } image See electric image. { imиij } impact force See set forward force. { im pakt image force [ELEC] The electrostatic force on a fo˙ rs } charge in the neighborhood of a conductor, impact grinding [MECH ENG] A technique used which may be thought of as the attraction to the to break up particles by direct fall of crushing charge’s electric image. { imиij fo˙ rs } bodies on them. { im pakt grı¯nиdiŋ } image potential [ELEC] The potential set up by impact load [ENG] A force delivered by a blow, an electric image. { imиij pə tenиchəl} as opposed to a force applied gradually and image table [CONT SYS] A data table that con- maintained over a long period. { im pakt lo¯ d} tains the status of all inputs, registers, and coils impact microphone [ENG ACOUS] An instru- in a programmable controller. { imиij ta¯иbəl } ment that picks up the vibration of an object imaging radar [ENG] Radar carried on aircraft impinging upon another, used especially on which forms images of the terrain. { imиiиjiŋ space probes to record the impact of small mete- ra¯ da¨r} oroids. { im pakt mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} Imhoff cone [CIV ENG] A graduated glass vessel impact mill [MECH ENG] A unit that reduces the for measuring settled solids in testing the com- size of rocks and minerals by the action of rotat- position of sewage. { im ho˙ f ko¯ n } ing blades projecting the material against steel Imhoff tank [CIV ENG] A sewage treatment tank plates. { im pakt mil } in which digestion and settlement take place in impact-noise analyzer [ENG] An analyzer used separate compartments, one below the other. with a sound-level meter to evaluate the charac- { im ho˙ f taŋk } teristics of impact-type sounds and electric noise immersion coating [ENG] Applying material to impulses that cannot be measured accurately the surface of a metal or ceramic by dipping into with a noise meter alone. { im pakt no˙ iz anи a liquid. { ə mərиzhən ¦ko¯ dиiŋ } ə lı¯zиər}
286
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. impregnate
impactometer See impactor. { im pak ta¨mиədи signal circuits with an impedance. { im pe¯dи ər} əns kəpиliŋ } impactor [ENG] A general term for instruments impedance drop [ELEC] The total voltage drop which sample atmospheric suspensoids by im- across a component or conductor of an alternat- paction; such instruments consist of a housing ing-current circuit, equal to the phasor sum of which constrains the air flow past a sensitized the resistance drop and the reactance drop. sampling plate. Also known as impactometer. { im pe¯dиəns dra¨p} [MECH ENG] A machine or part whose operating impedance magnetometer [ENG] An instru- principle is striking blows. { im pakиtər } ment for determining local variations in mag- impact roll [MECH ENG] An idler roll protected netic field by measuring the change in imped- by a covering of a resilient material from the ance of a high-permeability nickel-iron wire. shock of the loading of material onto a conveyor {im¦pedиəns magиnə ta¨mиədиər} belt, so as to reduce the damage to the belt. impeller [MECH ENG] The rotating member of a { im pakt ro¯ l} turbine, blower, fan, axial or centrifugal pump, impact screen [MECH ENG] A screen designed or mixing apparatus. Also known as rotor. to swing or rock forward when loaded and to {im pelиər} stop abruptly by coming in contact with a stop. impeller pump [MECH ENG] Any pump using a { im pakt skre¯n} mechanical agency to provide continuous power impact strength [MECH] 1. Ability of a material to move liquids. { im pelиər pəmp } to resist shock loading. 2. See impact energy. imperfect gas See real gas. { im pərиfikt gas } { im pakt streŋkth } imperial gallon See gallon. { im pirиe¯иəl galиən} impact stress [MECH] Force per unit area im- imperial pint See pint. { im pirиe¯иəl pı¯nt } posed on a material by a suddenly applied force. impersonal micrometer [ENG] An instrument { im pakt stres } consisting of a vertical wire that is mounted in impact test [ENG] Determination of the degree the focal plane of a transit circle and can be of resistance of a material to breaking by impact, moved across the field of view to follow a star, under bending, tension, and torsion loads; the and instrumentation to record the position of energy absorbed is measured in breaking the the wire as a function of time; used to reduce material by a single blow. { im pakt test } systematic observational errors. { im pərsиənи impact tube See pitot tube. { im pakt tu¨ b} əlmı¯ kra¨mиədиər} impact velocity [MECH] The velocity of a projec- impingement [ENG] Removal of liquid droplets tile or missile at the instant of impact. Also from a flowing gas or vapor stream by causing known as striking velocity. { im pakt və la¨sи it to collide with a baffle plate at high velocity, ədиe¯ } so that the droplets fall away from the stream. impact wrench [MECH ENG] A compressed-air Also known as liquid knockout. { im pinjи or electrically operated wrench that gives a rapid mənt } succession of sudden torques. { im pakt impinger [ENG] A device used to sample dust rench } in the air that draws in a measured volume of IMPATT diode [ELECTR] A pn junction diode dusty air and directs it through a jet to impact that has a depletion region adjacent to the junc- on a wetted glass plate; the dust particles adher- tion, through which electrons and holes can drift, ing to the plate are counted. { im pinиjər} and is biased beyond the avalanche breakdown implanted atom [ELECTR] An atom introduced voltage. Derived from impact avalanche and tran- into semiconductor material by ion implanta- sit time diode. { im pat dı¯ o¯ d} tion. { im plantиəd adиəm} impedance See electrical impedance. { im pe¯dи implicit programming [CONT SYS] Robotic pro- əns } gramming that uses descriptions of the tasks impedance bridge [ELEC] A device similar to a at hand which are less exact than in explicit Wheatstone bridge, used to compare imped- programming. { im plisиət pro¯ gramиiŋ } ances which may contain inductance, capaci- imposed date [IND ENG] An assignment of a tance, and resistance. { im pe¯dиəns brij } date to an activity that represents either the ear- impedance coil [ELEC] A coil of wire designed liest or the latest date at which the activity can to provide impedance in an electric circuit. be either started or finished. { im¦po¯ zd da¯t} {im pe¯dиəns ko˙ il } imposed load [CIV ENG] Any load which a struc- impedance compensator [ELEC] Electric net- ture must sustain, other than the weight of the work designed to be associated with another structure itself. { im po¯ zd lo¯ d} network or a line with the purpose of giving the impound [CIV ENG] To collect water for irriga- impedance of the combination a desired charac- tion, flood control, or similar purpose. { im teristic with frequency over a desired frequency pau˙ nd } range. { im pe¯dиəns ka¨mиpən sa¯dиər} impounding reservoir [CIV ENG] A reservoir impedance component [ELEC] 1. Resistance or with outlets controlled by gates that release reactance. 2. A device such as a resistor, induc- stored surface water as needed in a dry season; tor, or capacitor designed to provide impedance may also store water for domestic or industrial in an electric circuit. { im pe¯dиəns kəm po¯ и use or for flood control. Also known as storage nənt } reservoir. { im pau˙ ndиiŋ rezиəv wa¨r} impedance coupling [ELEC] Coupling of two impregnate [ENG] To force a liquid substance
287
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. impregnated bit
into the spaces of a porous solid in order to in-and-out bond [CIV ENG] Masonry bond com- change its properties, as the impregnation of posed of vertically alternating stretchers and turquoise gems with plastic to improve color and headers. { ¦in ən ¦au˙ t ba¨nd } durability, the impregnation of porous tungsten inboard [ENG] Toward or close to the longitudi- with a molten barium compound to manufacture nal axis of a ship or aircraft. { in bo˙ rd } a dispenser cathode, or the impregnation of inbond [CIV ENG] Pertaining to bricks or stones wood with creosote to preserve its integrity laid as headers across a wall. { in ba¨nd } against water damage. { im preg na¯t} incandescent lamp [ELEC] An electric lamp impregnated bit [DES ENG] A sintered, powder- that produces light when a metallic filament is metal matrix bit with fragmented bort or whole heated white-hot in a vacuum by passing an diamonds of selected screen sizes uniformly dis- electric current through the filament. Also tributed throughout the entire crown section. known as filament lamp; light bulb. { inи {im preg na¯dиəd bit } kən desиənt lamp } impulse [MECH] The integral of a force over an incentive operator [IND ENG] An employee interval of time. { im pəls } whose wage is based on the quantity or quality impulse modulation [CONT SYS] Modulation of of output. { in senиtiv a¨pиə ra¯dиər} a signal in which it is replaced by a series of incentive wage system See wage incentive plan. impulses, equally spaced in time, whose {in senиtiv wa¯j sisиtəm} strengths (integrals over time) are proportional inch [MECH] A unit of length in common use to the amplitude of the signal at the time of the in the United States and the United Kingdom, impulse. { im pəls ma¨jиə la¯иshən } equal to 1/12 foot or 2.54 centimeters. Abbrevi- impulse response [CONT SYS] The response of ated in. { inch } a system to an impulse which differs from zero inch of mercury [MECH] The pressure exerted for an infinitesimal time, but whose integral over by a 1-inch-high (2.54-centimeter) column of time is unity; this impulse may be represented mercury that has a density of 13.5951 grams per mathematically by a Dirac delta function. cubic centimeter when the acceleration of gravity { im pəls ri spa¨ns } has the standard value of 9.80665 m/s2 or approx- impulse sealing [ENG] Heat-sealing of plastic imately 32.17398 ft/s2 equal to 3386.388640341 materials by applying a pulse of intense thermal pascals; used as a unit in the measurement of energy to the sealing area for a very short time, atmospheric pressure. { inch əv mərиkyəиre¯ } followed immediately by cooling. { im pəls incidental element See irregular element. { ¦inи ¦se¯lиiŋ } sə¦dentиəl elиəиmənt } impulse tachometer [ENG] A tachometer in incinerator [ENG] A furnace or other container which each rotation of a shaft generates an elec- in which materials are burned. { in sinиə ra¯dи tric pulse and the time rate of pulses is then ər} measured; classified as capacitory-current, in- inclined cableway [MECH ENG] A monocable ductory, or interrupted direct-current tachome- arrangement in which the track cable has a slope ter. { im pəls tə ka¨mиədиər} sufficiently steep to allow the carrier to run down impulse train [CONT SYS] An input consisting under its own weight. { in klı¯nd ka¯иbəl wa¯ } of an infinite series of unit impulses, equally inclined drilling [ENG] The drilling of blastholes separated in time. { im pəls tra¯n } at an angle with the vertical. { in klı¯nd drilиiŋ } impulse turbine [MECH ENG] A prime mover in inclined plane [MECH] A plane surface at an which fluid under pressure enters a stationary angle to some force or reference line. { in nozzle where its pressure (potential) energy is klı¯nd pla¯n} converted to velocity (kinetic) energy and ab- inclined-tube manometer [ENG] A glass-tube sorbed by the rotor. { im pəls ¦tər bən} manometer with the leg inclined from the verti- impulse welding [ENG] A welding process in cal to extend the scale for more minute readings. which two layers of thermoplastic film are heated {in klı¯nd tu¨ bmə na¨mиədиər} and fused to form a welded seam by clamping inclinometer [ENG] 1. An instrument that them together in close contact with a shielded measures the attitude of an aircraft with respect electric heating element. { im pəls weldиiŋ } to the horizontal. 2. An instrument for measur- impulsive force See impact. { im pəlиsiv fo˙ rs } ing the angle between the earth’s magnetic field impulsive stimulated thermal scattering [ENG] vector and the horizontal plane. Also known as An optical, noncontacting method for character- dip circle. 3. An apparatus used to ascertain izing the high-frequency acoustic behavior of sur- the direction of the magnetic field of the earth faces, thin membrane, coatings, and multilayer with reference to the plane of the horizon. { inи assemblies, in which picosecond pulses of light klə na¨mиədиər} from an excitation laser stimulate motions which incompetent rock [ENG] Soft or fragmented are then detected with a continuous-wave prob- rock in which an opening, such as a borehole or ing laser. Abbreviated ISTS. Also known as an underground working place, cannot be main- transient grating photoacoustics. { im¦pəlиsivtained unless artificially supported by casing, ¦stimиyə la¯dиəd ¦thərmиəl skadиərиiŋ } cementing, or timbering. { in ka¨mиpədиənt in. See inch. ra¨k}
288
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. indicator diagram
incomplete lubrication [MECH ENG] Lubrica- index head [MECH ENG] A headstock that can tion that takes place when the load on the rub- be affixed to the table of a milling machine, bing surfaces is carried partly by a fluid viscous planer, or shaper; work may be mounted on it film and partly by areas of boundary lubrication; by a chuck or centers, for indexing. { in deks friction is intermediate between that of fluid and hed } и ə и ə boundary lubrication. { in k m ple¯t lu¨ br indexing [MECH ENG] The process of providing ka¯иshən} discrete spaces, parts, or angles in a workpiece incompressibility [MECH] Quality of a sub- by using an index head. { in dekиsiŋ } stance which maintains its original volume un- indexing fixture [MECH ENG] A fixture that der increased pressure. { ¦inиkəm presиə bilи ə и changes position with regular steplike move- d e¯ } ments. { in dekиsiŋ fiksиchər} increaser [ENG] An adapter for connecting a index of work tolerance [IND ENG] A measure small-diameter pipe to a larger-diameter pipe. of the period of time during which an individual {in kre¯sиər} can perform a given task with the required effi- incremental cost [IND ENG] 1. The difference between the costs and the revenues between two ciency while maintaining appropriate levels of physiological and emotional well-being. { ¦in alternative procedures. 2. The cost of the last ə ə иəи ə unit produced at a given level of production. deks v w rk ta¨l r ns } { iŋиkrə¦mentиəl ko˙ st } index plate [DES ENG] A plate with circular indented bolt [DES ENG] A type of anchor bolt graduations or holes arranged in circles, each that has indentations to hold better in cemented circle with different spacing; used for indexing grout. { in denиtəd bo¯ lt } on machines. { in deks pla¯t} independent chuck [DES ENG] A chuck for index thermometer [ENG] A thermometer in holding work by means of four jaws, each of which steel index particles are carried by mercury which is moved independently of the others. in the capillary and adhere to the capillary wall { inиdə penиdənt chək} in the high and low positions, thus indicating independent contractor [ENG] One who exer- minimum and maximum inertial scales. { in cises independent control over the mode and deks thər ma¨mиədиər} method of operations to produce the results de- indicated horsepower [MECH ENG] The horse- manded by the contract. { inиdə penиdənt ka¨n power delivered by an engine as calculated from trakиtər} the average pressure of the working fluid in the independent footing [CIV ENG] A footing that cylinders and the displacement. Abbreviated supports a concentrated load, such as a single ihp. { inиdə ka¯dиəd ho˙ rs pau˙ иər} column. { inиdə penиdənt fu˙ dиiŋ } indicating gage [ENG] A gage consisting essen- independent suspension [MECH ENG] In auto- tially of a case and mounting, a spindle carrying mobiles, a system of springs and guide links by the contact point, an amplifying mechanism, a which wheels are mounted independently on the pointer, and a graduated dial; used to amplify chassis. { inиdə penиdənt sə spenиchən} and measure the displacement of a movable con- independent wire-rope core [DES ENG] A core tact point. { inиdə ka¯dиiŋ ga¯j} of steel in a wire rope made in accordance with indicating instrument [ENG] An instrument in the best practice and design, either bright (un- which the present value of the quantity being coated) galvanized or drawn galvanized wire. measured is visually indicated. { inиdə ka¯dиiŋ и ə и ə { in d pen d nt wı¯r ro¯ p ko˙ r} inиstrəиmənt } indeterminate truss [CIV ENG] A truss having и ə ə иəи ə ə indication [ENG] In ultrasonic testing, determi- redundant bars. { in d t rm n t tr s} nation of the presence of a flaw by detection of index center [MECH ENG] One of two machine- a reflected ultrasonic beam. { inиdə ka¯иshən} tool centers used to hold work and to rotate it и ə indicator [ELECTR] A cathode-ray tube or other by a fixed amount. { in deks sen t r} device that presents information transmitted or index chart MECH ENG 1. A chart used in con- [ ] relayed from some other source, as from a radar junction with an indexing or dividing head, which receiver. ENG An instrument for obtaining a correlates the index plate, hole circle, and index [ ] crank motion with the desired angular subdivi- diagram of the pressure-volume changes in a sions. 2. A chart indicating the arrangement of running positive-displacement engine, compres- sor, or pump cylinder during the working cycle. levers in a machine to obtain desired output и ə иə speed or fuel rate. { in deks cha¨rt } { in d ka¯d r} index counter [ENG] A counter indicating revo- indicator card [ENG] A chart on which an indi- lutions of the tape supply reel, making it possible cator diagram is produced by an instrument to index selections within a reel of tape. { in called an engine indicator which traces the real- deks kau˙ ntиər} performance cycle diagram as the machine is и ə иə index crank [MECH ENG] The crank handle of running. { in d ka¯d r ka¨rd } an index head used to turn the spindle. { in indicator diagram [ENG] A pressure-volume di- deks krank } agram representing and measuring the work index error [ENG] An error caused by the mis- done by or on a fluid while performing the work alignment of the vernier and the graduated circle cycle in a reciprocating engine, pump, or com- (arc) of an instrument. { in deks erиər } pressor cylinder. { inиdə ka¯dиər dı¯иə gram }
289
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. indicator unit
indicator unit [ENG] An instrument which de- and electrical logging. { in dəkиshəni¦lekиtrəи tects the presence of an electrical quantity with- kəl sər va¯ } out necessarily measuring it. { inиdə ka¯dиər induction flowmeter [ENG] An instrument for yu¨ иnət} measuring the flow of a conducting liquid pass- indifferent stability See neutral stability. { in difи ing through a tube, in which the tube is placed ərnt stə bilиədиe¯ } in a transverse magnetic field and the induced indirect-arc furnace [ENG] A refractory-lined electromotive force between electrodes at oppo- furnace in which the burden is heated indirectly site ends of a diameter of the tube perpendicular by the radiant heat from an electric arc. { inи to the field is measured. { in dəkиshən flo¯ də rekt ¦a¨rk fərиnəs} me¯dиər} indirect cost [IND ENG] A cost that is not readily induction furnace [ENG] An electric furnace in indentifiable with or chargeable to a specific which heat is produced in a metal charge by ə и ə ə и product or service. { inиdə rekt ko˙ st } electromagnetic induction. { in d k sh n f r ə indirect heater [ENG] A vessel containing n s} equipment in which heat generated by a primary induction generator [ELEC] A nonsynchronous source is transferred to a fluid or solid which alternating-current generator whose construc- then serves as the heating medium. { inи tion is identical to that of an ac motor, and which də rekt he¯dиər} is driven above synchronous speed by external sources of mechanical power. { in dəkиshən indirect labor [IND ENG] Labor not directly en- ¦ иəи иə gaged in the actual production of the product or jen ra¯d r} induction heating ENG Increasing the temper- performance of a service. { inиdə rekt la¯иbər} [ ] ature in a material by induced electric current. indirect lighting [ENG] A system of lighting in ə и which more than 90% of the light from luminaires Also known as eddy-current heating. { in d k shən ¦hedиiŋ } is distributed upward toward the ceiling, from ¯ induction inclinometer See earth inductor. which it is diffusely reflected. { inиdə rekt {in dəkиshən inиklə na¨mиədиər} lı¯dиiŋ } induction instrument [ENG] Meter that de- indirect material IND ENG Any material used [ ] pends for its operation on the reaction between in the manufacture of a product which does not magnetic flux set up by current in fixed windings, itself become a part of the product and whose и ə ə и иə and other currents set up by electromagnetic cost is indirect. { in d rekt m tir e¯ l} induction in conducting parts of the moving sys- individual distributed numerical control [CONT tem. { in dəkиshən inиstrəиmənt } SYS A form of distributed numerical control in- ] induction log [ENG] An electric log of the con- volving only a few machines, each of which oper- ductivity of rock with depth obtained by lowering ates independently of the others and is unaf- into an uncased borehole a generating coil that fected by their failures. { inиdə vijиəиwəldi и ə иə иəи ə ə induces eddy currents on the rocks and these are strib y d dnu¨ mer k lk n tro¯ l} detected by a receiver coil. { in dəkиshən la¨g} induced dipole [ELEC] An electric dipole pro- induction loudspeaker [ENG ACOUS] Loud- duced by application of an electric field. { in speaker in which the current which reacts with du¨ st dı¯ po¯ l} the steady magnetic field is induced in the mov- induced draft [MECH ENG] A mechanical draft ing member. { in dəkиshən ¦lau˙ d spe¯kиər} produced by suction stream jets or fans at the induction motor [ELEC] An alternating-current point where air or gases leave a unit. { in motor in which a primary winding on one mem- du¨ st draft } ber (usually the stator) is connected to the power induced-draft cooling tower [MECH ENG] A source, and a secondary winding on the other structure for cooling water by circulating air member (usually the rotor) carries only current where the load is on the suction side of the fan. induced by the magnetic field of the primary. {in du¨ st ¦draft ku¨ lиiŋ tau˙ иər} {in dəkиshən mo¯ dиər} induced moment [ELEC] The average electric induction pump [MECH ENG] Any pump oper- dipole moment per molecule which is produced ated by electromagnetic induction. { in dəkи by the action of an electric field on a dielectric shən pəmp } substance. { in du¨ st mo¯ иmənt } induction salinometer [ENG] A device for mea- inductance See coil. { in dəkиtəns } suring salinity by taking voltage readings of the inductance coil See coil. { in dəkиtəns ko˙ il } current in seawater. { in dəkиshən salиə na¨mи induction See electrostatic induction. { in dəkи ədиər} shən} induction silencer [ENG] A device for reducing induction burner [ENG] Fuel-air burner into engine induction noise, which consists essen- which the fuel is fed under pressure to entrain tially of a low-pass acoustic filter with the in- needed air into the combustion nozzle area. ertance of the air-entrance tube and the acoustic {in dəkиshən bərиnər} compliance of the annular and central volumes induction charging [ELEC] Production of elec- providing acoustic filtering elements. { in dəkи tric charge on a body by means of electrostatic shən ¦sı¯иlənиsər} induction. { in dəkиshən cha¨rиjiŋ } induction valve See inlet valve. { in dəkиshən induction-electrical survey [ENG] Study of sub- valv } terranean formations by combined induction inductive charge [ELEC] The charge that exists
290
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. inelastic stress
on an object as a result of its being near another industrial car [IND ENG] Any of various narrow- charged object. { in dəkиtiv cha¨rj } gage railcars used for indoor or outdoor handling inductive circuit [ELEC] A circuit containing a of bulk and package materials. { in dəsиtre¯иəl higher value of inductive reactance than capaci- ka¨r} tive reactance. { in dəkиtiv sərиkət} industrial cost control [IND ENG] A specific sys- inductive coupler [ELEC] A mutual inductance tem or procedure used to keep manufacturing that provides electrical coupling between two costs in line. Also known as cost control. circuits; used in radio equipment. { in dəkиtiv {in dəsиtre¯иəl ko˙ st kən tro¯ l} kəpиlər} industrial ecology [IND ENG] The development inductive coupling [ELEC] Coupling of two cir- and use of industrial processes that result in cuits by means of the mutual inductance pro- products based on simultaneous consideration vided by a transformer. Also known as trans- of product functionality and competitiveness, former coupling. { in dəkиtiv kəpиliŋ } natural-resource conservation, and environmen- inductive grounding [ELEC] Use of grounding tal preservation. Also known as design for envi- connections containing an inductance in order ronment; green design. { in¦dəsиtre¯иəle¯ ka¨lи to reduce the magnitude of short-circuit currents əиje¯ } created by line-to-ground faults. { in dəkиtiv industrial engineering [ENG] A branch of engi- grau˙ ndиiŋ } neering concerned with the design, improve- inductive load [ELEC] A load that is predomi- ment, and installation of integrated systems of nantly inductive, so that the alternating load cur- people, materials, and equipment. Also known rent lags behind the alternating voltage of the as management engineering. { in dəsиtre¯иəl load. Also known as lagging load. { in dəkи enиjə nirиiŋ } tiv lo¯ d} industrial mobilization [IND ENG] Transforma- inductive reactance [ELEC] Reactance due to tion of industry and other productive facilities the inductance of a coil or circuit. { in dəkиtivand contributory servicesfrom their peacetime re¯ akиtəns } activities to the fulfillment of the munitions pro- inductive superconducting fault-current limiter gram necessary to support a military effort. See shielded-core superconducting fault-current {in dəsиtre¯иəl mo¯ иbəиlə za¯иshən} limiter. { in¦dəkиtiv su¨ иpərиkən¦dəkиtiŋ fo˙ lt industrial railway [IND ENG] 1. A usually short cərиənt limиədиər} feeder line that is either owned or controlled inductive susceptance [ELEC] In a circuit con- and wholly operated by an industrial firm. taining almost no resistance, the part of the sus- 2. Narrow-gage rail lines used on construction ceptance due to inductance. { in dəkиtivjobs or around industrial plants. { in dəsиtre¯и sə sepиtəns } əl ra¯l wa¯ } inductive waveform [ELEC] A graph or trace of industrial revolution [IND ENG] A widespread the effect of current buildup across an inductive change in industrial or production methods, to- network; proportional to the exponential of the ward production by machine and away from man- product of a negative constant and the time. ual labor. { in dəsиtre¯иəl re¯vиə lu¨ иshən} {in dəkиtiv wa¯v fo˙ rm } industrial security [IND ENG] The portion of in- inductor See coil. { in dəkиtər} ternal security which refers to the protection of inductor microphone [ENG ACOUS] Moving- industrial installations, resources, utilities, ma- conductor microphone in which the moving ele- terials, and classified information essential to ment is in the form of a straight-line conductor. protection from loss or damage. { in dəsиtre¯иəl {in dəkиtər mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} si kyu˙ rиədиe¯ } inductor tachometer [ENG] A type of impulse industrial truck [ENG] A manually propelled or tachometer in which the rotating member, con- powered wheeled vehicle for transporting mate- sisting of a magnetic material, causes the mag- rials over level or slightly inclined running sur- netic flux threading a circuit containing a magnet faces in a manufacturing or warehousing facility. and a pickup coil to rise and fall, producing { in dəsиtre¯иəl trək} pulses in the circuit which are rectified for a industrial waste [ENG] Worthless materials re- permanent-magnet, movable-coil instrument. maining from industrial operations. { in dəsи {in dəkиtərtə ka¨mиədиər} tre¯иəl wa¯st } inductosyn [CONT SYS] A resolver whose out- inelastic [MECH] Not capable of sustaining a put phase is proportional to the shaft angle. deformation without permanent change in size {in dəkиtə sin } or shape. { inиə lasиtik } Inductrack [ENG] A magnetic levitation con- inelastic buckling [MECH] Sudden increase of cept for trains and other moving objects that deflection or twist in a column when compres- uses special arrays of permanent magnets to sive stress reaches the elastic limit but before achieve levitation forces, and is inherently sta- elastic buckling develops. { inиə lasиtik bəkи ble. { in dək trak } liŋ } industrial anthropometry [IND ENG] Applica- inelastic collision [MECH] A collision in which tion of the knowledge of physical anthropology the total kinetic energy of the colliding particles to the design and construction of equipment for is not the same after the collision as before it. human use, such as automobiles. { in dəsиtre¯и { inиə lasиtik kə lizhиən} əl ¦anиthrə pa¨mиəиtre¯ } inelastic stress [MECH] A force acting on a
291
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. inequality of Clausius
solid which produces a deformation such that a detonator but does not interfere with the deto- the original shape and size of the solid are not nation of the explosive charge. { i nərt prı¯и restored after removal of the force. { inиə lasи mər} tik stres } inert retarder [CIV ENG] A braking device built inequality of Clausius See Clausius inequality. into a railroad track and operating without an { inиi kwa¨lиədиe¯ əv klau˙ иze¯иəs} external source of power that reduces car speed inert atmosphere [CHEM ENG] A nonreactive by means of brake shoes applied to the lower gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen, carbon diox- sides of the wheels. { i¦nərt ri ta¨rиdər} ide, or helium; used to blanket reactive liquids inextensional deformation [MECH] A bending in storage, to purge process lines and vessels of of a surface that leaves unchanged the length of reactive gases and liquids, and to cover a reac- any line drawn on the surface and the curvature tion mix in a partially filled vessel. { i nərt of the surface at each point. { in ek stenиchənи atиmə sfir } əl defиər ma¯иshən} inert-gas blanketing [ENG] Purging the air from in-feed centerless grinding [MECH ENG] A a unit of a heat exchanger by using an inert gas metal-cutting process by which a cylindrical as the unit is being shut down. { i¦nərt gas workpiece is ground to a prescribed surface blaŋиkədиiŋ } smoothness and diameter by the insertion of inertia [MECH] That property of matter which the workpiece between a grinding wheel and a manifests itself as a resistance to any change in canted regulating wheel; the rotation of the regu- the momentum of a body. { i nərиshə } lating wheel controls the rotation and feed rate of the workpiece. { in fe¯d ¦senиtər les grı¯ndи inertia ellipsoid [MECH] An ellipsoid used in ŋ describing the motion of a rigid body; it is fixed i } in the body, and the distance from its center to inferential flow meter [ENG] A flow meter in which the flow is determined by measurement its surface in any direction is inversely propor- of a phenomenon associated with the flow, such tional to the square root of the moment of inertia as a drop in static pressure at a restriction in a about the corresponding axis. Also known as pipe, or the rotation of an impeller or rotor, Poinsot ellipsoid. { i nərиshə i lip soid } ˙ rather than measurement of the actual mass inertia governor [MECH ENG] A speed-control flow. { ¦inиfə¦renиchəl flo¯ me¯dиər} device utilizing suspended masses that respond inferential liquid-level meter [ENG] A liquid- to speed changes by reason of their inertia. ə и ə ə иəи ə level meter in which the level of a liquid is deter- {in r sh g v n r} mined by measurement of some phenomenon inertial coordinate system See inertial reference ə и ə иə ə и ə associated with this level, such as the buoyancy frame. { i n r sh lko¯ o˙ rd n t sis t m} of a solid partly immersed in the liquid, the pres- inertial force [MECH] The fictitious force acting sure at a certain level, the conductance of the on a body as a result of using a noninertial frame liquid, or its absorption of gamma radiation, of reference; examples are the centrifugal and rather than by direct measurement. { ¦inиfə¦renи Coriolis forces that appear in rotating coordinate chəl ¦likиwəd levиəl me¯dиər} systems. Also known as effective force. infiltration ENG Leakage of outdoor air into a ə и ə [ ] {in r sh l fo˙ rs } building by natural forces, for example, by seep- inertial mass [MECH] The mass of an object as age through cracks or other openings. { inиfil determined by Newton’s second law, in contrast tra¯иshən} to the mass as determined by the proportionality infiltration gallery [CIV ENG] A large, horizontal ə и ə to the gravitational force. { i n r sh l mas } underground conduit of perforated or porous inertial reference frame [MECH] A coordinate material with openings on the sides for collect- system in which a body moves with constant ing percolating water by infiltration. { inиfil velocity as long as no force is acting on it. Also tra¯иshən galиre¯ } ə и known as inertial coordinate system. { i n r infinite baffle [ENG ACOUS] A loudspeaker baf- shəl refиrəns fra¯m} fle which prevents interaction between the front inertia matrix [MECH] A matrix M used to ex- and back radiation of the loudspeaker. { inиfəи press the kinetic energy T of a mechanical system nət bafиəl} during small displacements from an equilibrium infinite-capacity loading [CONT SYS] The delib- ϭ 1 T position, by means of the equation T /2 q˙ Mq˙ , erate overloading of a robotic work center with where q˙ is the vector whose components are the excessive force or weight in order to determine derivatives of the generalized coordinates of the the overload protection necessary to maintain system with respect to time, and q˙ T is the trans- proper load conditions. { inиfəиnətkə pasиədи pose of q˙ .{i nərиshə ma¯иtriks } e¯ lo¯ dиiŋ } inertia starter [MECH ENG] A device utilizing in- inflatable gasket [DES ENG] A gasket whose ertial principles to start the rotator of an internal seal is activated by inflation with compressed combustion engine. { i nərиshə ¦sta¨rdиər} air. { in¦fla¯dиəиbəl gasиkət} inertia tensor [MECH] A tensor associated with inflated [ENG] Filled or distended with air or a rigid body whose product with the body’s rota- gas. { in fla¯dиəd} tion vector yields the body’s angular momentum. inflected arch See inverted arch. { in flekиtəd {i nərиshə tenиsər} a¨rch } inert primer [ENG] A cylinder which enshrouds influence diagram [SYS ENG] A graph-theoretic
292
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. injection electroluminescence
representation of a decision, which may include inherent damping [MECH ENG] A method of four types of nodes (decision, chance, value, and vibration damping which makes use of the me- deterministic), directed arcs between the nodes chanical hysteresis of such materials as rubber, (which identify dependencies between them), a felt, and cork. { in hirиənt damиpiŋ } marginal or conditional probability distribution inherent noise pressure See equivalent noise pres- defined at each chance node, and a mathemati- sure. { in hirиənt no˙ iz preshиər} cal function associated with each of the other inhibitor sweetening [CHEM ENG] Petroleum- types of node. { in flu¨ иəns dı¯иə gram } refinery treating process to sweeten gasoline influence line [MECH] A graph of the shear, (convert mercaptans to disulfides) of low mer- stress, bending moment, or other effect of a mov- captan content; uses a phenylenediamine inhibi- able load on a structural member versus the tor, air, and caustic. { in hibиədиər swe¯tиənиiŋ } position of the load. { in flu¨ иəns lı¯n} in-house [IND ENG] Pertaining to an operation information process analysis chart See form proc- produced or carried on within a plant or organi- ess chart. { inиfər ma¯иshən ¦pra¨иses ə¦nalиəи zation, rather than done elsewhere under con- səs cha¨rt } tract. { in hau˙ s} information systems engineering [ENG] The initial boiling point [CHEM ENG] According to discipline concerned with the design, develop- American Society for Testing and Materials pe- ment, testing, and maintenance of information troleum-analysis distillation procedures, the re- systems. { inиfər¦ma¯иshən ¦sisиtəmz enиjə nirи corded temperature when the first drop of dis- iŋ } tilled vapor is liquefied and falls from the end infrared array [ENG] A collection of several of the condenser. { i nishиəl bo˙ ilиiŋ po˙ int } thousand infrared detector elements arranged in initial free space [MECH] In interior ballistics, a grid pattern and connected to readout elec- the portion of the effective chamber capacity not tronics to display infrared images focused on displaced by propellant. { i nishиəl ¦fre¯ spa¯s} the array by an astronomical telescope. { ¦inи initial shot start pressure [MECH] In interior frə¦red ə ra¯ } ballistics, the pressure required to start the mo- infrared-emitting diode [ELECTR] A light-emit- tion of the projectile from its initial loaded posi- ting diode that has maximum emission in the tion; in fixed ammunition, it includes pressure near-infrared region, typically at 0.9 micrometer required to separate projectile and cartridge for pn gallium arsenide. { ¦inиfrə¦red i¦midиiŋ case and to start engraving the rotating band. dı¯ o¯ d} {i nishиəl sha¨t ¦sta¨rt preshиər} infrared heating [ENG] Heating by means of in- initial yaw [MECH] The yaw of a projectile the frared radiation. { ¦inиfrə¦red he¯dиiŋ } instant it leaves the muzzle of a gun. { i nishи infrared homing [ENG] Homing in which the əl yo˙ } target is tracked by means of its emitted infrared injection [ELECTR] 1. The method of applying a radiation. { ¦inиfrə¦red ho¯ mиiŋ } signal to an electronic circuit or device. 2. The infrared imaging device [ENG] Any device process of introducing electrons or holes into a which converts an invisible infrared image into semiconductor so that their total number ex- a visible image. { ¦inиfrə¦red imиəиjiŋ di vı¯s } ceeds the number present at thermal equilib- infrared thermography [ENG] A method of rium. [MECH ENG] The introduction of fuel, measuring surface temperatures by observing fuel and air, fuel and oxidizer, water, or other the infrared emission from the surface. { inи substance into an engine induction system or frə¦red thər ma¨gиrəиfe¯ } combustion chamber. { in jekиshən} infrared thermometer [ENG] An instrument injection blow molding [ENG] Plastics molding that focuses and detects the infrared radiation process in which a hollow-plastic tube is formed emitted by an object in order to determine its by injection molding. { in jekиshən blo¯ mo¯ lи temperature. { ¦inиfrəи red thər ma¨mиədиər} diŋ } Ingen-Hausz apparatus [THERMO] An appara- injection carburetor [MECH ENG] A carburetor tus for comparing the thermal conductivities of in which fuel is delivered under pressure into a different conductors; specimens consisting of heated part of the engine intake system. Also long wax-coated rods of equal length are placed known as pressure carburetor. { in jekиshən with one end in a tank of boiling water covered ka¨rиbə ra¯dиər} with a radiation shield, and the lengths along injection efficiency [ELECTR] A measure of the the rods from which the wax melts are compared. efficiency of a semiconductor junction when a { ¦iŋиgən hau˙ s apиə radиəs } forward bias is applied, equal to the current of inhabited building distance [ENG] The mini- injected minority carriers divided by the total mum distance permitted between an ammuni- current across the junction. { in jekиshən tion or explosive location and any building used ə fishиənиse¯ } for habitation or where people are accustomed injection electroluminescence [ELECTR] Radi- to assemble, except operating buildings or mag- ation resulting from recombination of minority azines. { in habиədиəd ¦bilиdiŋ disиtəns } charge carriers injected in a pn or pin junction inhaul cable [MECH ENG] In a cable excavator, that is biased in the forward direction. Also the line that pulls the bucket to dig and bring known as Losseveffect; recombination elec- in soil. Also known as digging line. { in ho˙ l troluminescence. { in jekиshəni¦lekиtro¯ lu¨ иmə ka¯иbəl} nesиəns }
293
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. injection locking
injection locking [ELECTR] The capture or syn- and parallel with its long axis. 2. Of a drill mo- chronization of a free-running oscillator by a tor, mounted so that its drive shaft and the drive weak injected signal at a frequency close to the rod in the drill swivel head are parallel, or natural oscillator frequency or to one of its sub- mounted so that the shaft driving the drill- harmonics; used for frequency stabilization in swivel-head bevel gear and the drill-motor drive IMPATT or magnetron microwave oscillators, shaft are centered in a direct line and parallel gas-laser oscillators, and many other types of with each other. 3. Having similar units oscillators. { in jekиshən ¦la¨kиiŋ } mounted together in a line. { in ¦lı¯n} injection luminescent diode [ELECTR] Gallium in-line assembly machine [IND ENG] An assem- arsenide diode, operating in either the laser or bly machine that inserts components into a wir- the noncoherent mode, that can be used as a ing board one at a time as the board is moved visible or near-infrared light source for triggering from station to station by a conveyor or other such devices as light-activated switches. { in transport mechanism. { in ¦lı¯n ə¦semиble¯ jekиshən lu¨ иmə¦nesиənt dı¯ o¯ d} mə she¯n} injection mold [ENG] A plastics mold into in-line engine [MECH ENG] A multiple-cylinder which the material to be formed is introduced engine with cylinders aligned in a row. { in ¦lı¯n from an exterior heating cylinder. { in jekи enиjən} shən mo¯ ld } in-line equipment [ENG] 1. A sequence of injection molding [ENG] Molding metal, plas- equipment or processing items mounted along tic, or nonplastic ceramic shapes by injecting a the same vertical or horizontal plane. 2. Equip- measured quantity of the molten material into ment mounted within a process line, such as an dies. { in jekиshən mo¯ lиdiŋ } in-line pump, pressure-drop flowmeter, or nozzle injection pump [MECH ENG] A pump that forces mixer. { in ¦lı¯ni kwipиmənt } a measured amount of fuel through a fuel line in-line linkage [MECH ENG] A power-steering and atomizing nozzle in the combustion cham- linkage which has the control valve and actuator ber of an internal combustion engine. { in jekи combined in a single assembly. { in ¦lı¯n liŋи shən pəmp } kij } injection ram [ENG] In injection molding, the innage [ENG] The volume or the measured ram that applies pressure to the feed plunger in height of liquid introduced into a tank or con- the process of either injection or transfer mold- tainer. { inиij } ing. { in jekиshən ram } inner barrel See inner tube. { ¦inиər ¦barиəl} injection signal [ENG ACOUS] The sawtooth fre- inner hearth See back hearth. { ¦inиər ha¨rth } quency-modulated signal which is added to the inner tube [ENG] A rubber tube used inside a first detector circuit for mixing with the incoming pneumatic tire casing to hold air under pressure. target signal. { in jekиshən sigиnəl } Also known as tube. { inиər tu¨ b} injector [ELECTR] An electrode through which in-phase component [ELEC] The component of charge carriers (holes or electrons) are forced to the phasor representing an alternating current enter the high-field region in a spacistor. which is parallel to the phasor representing volt- [MECH ENG] 1. An apparatus containing a noz- age. { in fa¯zkəm po¯ иnənt } zle in an actuating fluid which is accelerated and in-place value [IND ENG] The site value of prop- thus entrains a second fluid, so delivering the erty, that is, the market value of equipment plus mixture against a pressure in excess of the actu- costs of transportation to the site and subse- ating fluid. 2. A plug with a valved nozzle quent installation. { ¦in pla¯s valиyu¨ } through which fuel is metered to the combustion input [ELECTR] 1. The power or signal fed into chambers in diesel- or full-injection engines. an electrical or electronic device. 2. The termi- 3. A jet through which feedwater is injected into nals to which the power or signal is applied. a boiler, or fuel is injected into a combustion { in pu˙ t} chamber. { in jekиtər} input/output relation [SYS ENG] The relation injector torch See low-pressure torch. { in jekи between two vectors whose components are the tər to˙ rch } inputs (excitations, stimuli) of a system and the inkometer [ENG] An instrument for measuring outputs (responses) respectively. { in pu˙ t au˙ t adhesion of liquids by rotating drums in contact pu˙ tri la¯иshən} with the liquid. { iŋ ka¨mиədиər} insensitive time See dead time. { in senиsəиtiv inlet [ENG] An entrance or orifice for the admis- tı¯m} sion of fluid. { in let } insert bit [DES ENG] A bit into which inset cut- inlet box [MECH ENG] A closure at the fan inlet ting points of various preshaped pieces of hard or inlets in a boiler for attachment of the fan to metal (usually a sintered tungsten carbide- the duct system. { in let ba¨ks } cobalt powder alloy) are brazed or hand-peened inlet valve [MECH ENG] The valve through into slots or holes cut or drilled into a blank bit. which a fluid is drawn into the cylinder of a Also known as slug bit. { in sərt bit } positive-displacement engine, pump, or com- inserted-tooth cutter [DES ENG] A milling cut- pressor. Also known as induction valve. { in ter in which the teeth can be replaced. let valv } { in sərdиəd tu¨ th kədиər} in line [ENG] 1. Over the center of a borehole insertion meter [ENG] A type of flowmeter
294
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. instrument shelter
which measures the rotation rate of a small pro- the passage of the electric current through the peller or turbine rotor mounted at right angles detonator and its explosion. { ¦inиstən¦ta¯иne¯иəs to the end of a support rod and inserted into detиən a¯dиər} the flowing stream or closed pipe. { in sərиshən instantaneous fuse [ENG] A fuse with an igni- me¯dиər} tion rate of several thousand feet per minute; inside caliper [DES ENG] A caliper that has two an example is PETN. { ¦inиstən¦ta¯иne¯иəs fyu¨ z} legs with feet that turn outward; used to measure instantaneous recording [ENG ACOUS] A re- inside dimensions, as the diameter of a hole. cording intended for direct reproduction without иəи ə { in sı¯d kal p r} further processing. { ¦inиstən¦ta¯иne¯иəsri ko˙ rdи inside diameter [DES ENG] The length of a line iŋ } which passes through the center of a hollow instantaneous recovery [MECH] The immedi- cylindrical or spherical object, and whose end ate reduction in the strain of a solid when a points lie on the inner surface of the object. stress is removed or reduced, in contrast to creep Abbreviated ID. { in sı¯ddı¯ amиədиər} recovery. { ¦inиstən¦ta¯иne¯иəsri kəvиəиre¯ } inside face [DES ENG] That part of the bit crown nearest to or parallel with the inside wall of an instantaneous strain [MECH] The immediate ¦ deformation of a solid upon initial application annular or coring bit. { in sı¯d fa¯s} ¦ и inside gage DES ENG The inside diameter of of a stress, in contrast to creep strain. { in [ ] ə ¦ и иə a bit as measured between the cutting points, st n ta¯ ne¯ s stra¯n} и such as between inset diamonds on the inside- instant center See instantaneous center. { in ə и ə wall surface of a core bit. { in sı¯d ¦ga¯j} st nt sen t r} inside micrometer [DES ENG] A micrometer cal- instruction card [IND ENG] A written descrip- iper with the points turned outward for measur- tion of the standard method used by a worker, ing the internal dimensions of an object. to guide his activities. { in strəkиshən ka¨rd } { in sı¯dmı¯ kra¨mиədиər} instrument [ENG] A device for measuring and inside work See internal work. { in sı¯d wərk } sometimes also recording and controlling the in situ foaming [ENG] Depositing of the ingredi- value of a quantity under observation. { inи ents of a foamable plastic onto the location strəиmənt } where foaming is to take place; for example, in instrumental analysis [ENG] The use of an in- situ foam insulation on equipment or walls. strument to measure a component, to detect {in siиchu¨ fo¯ mиiŋ } the completion of a quantitative reaction, or to inspect [IND ENG] To examine an object to de- detect a change in the properties of a system. termine whether it conforms to standards; may { inиstrə mentиəl ə nalиəиsəs} employ sight, hearing, touch, odor, or taste. instrumentation [ENG] Designing, manufactur- {in spekt } ing, and utilizing physical instruments or instru- inspection [IND ENG] The critical examination ment systems for detection, observation, meas- of a product to determine its conformance to urement, automatic control, automatic compu- applicable quality standards or specifications. tation, communication, or data processing. {in spekиshən} { inиstrəиmen ta¯иshən} inspection by variables [IND ENG] A quality- instrument correction [ENG] A correction of control inspection method in which the sampled measurements made on a unit under test for articles are evaluated on the basis of quantitative either inaccuracy of the instrument or eroding ¦ и ə и иəи ə criteria. { in spek sh nbı¯ ver e¯ b lz } effect of the instrument. { inиstrəиmənt instability [CONT SYS] A condition of a control kə rekиshən} system in which excessive positive feedback instrument housing [ENG] A case or enclosure causes persistent, unwanted oscillations in the и əи и ə иə и to cover and protect an instrument. { in str output of the system. { in st bil d e¯ } mənt hau˙ иziŋ } installation [ENG] Procedures for setting up instrument panel [ENG] A panel or board con- equipment for use or service. { inиstə laиshən} ¯ taining indicating meters. { inиstrəиmənt instantaneous axis [MECH] The axis about panиəl} which a rigid body is carrying out a pure rotation instrument reading time [ENG] The time, after at a given instant in time. { ¦inиstən¦ta¯иne¯иəs akиsəs} a change in a measured quantity, which it takes for the indication of an instrument to come and instantaneous center [MECH] A point about remain within a specified percentage of its final which a rigid body is rotating at a given instant и əи ə и ŋ in time. Also known as instant center. { ¦inи value. { in str m nt re¯d i tı¯m} stən¦ta¯иne¯иəs senиtər} instrument science [ENG] The systematically instantaneous cut [ENG] A cut that is set off by organized body of general concepts and princi- instantaneous detonators to be certain that all ples underlying the design, analysis, and applica- charges in the cut go off at the same time; the tion of instruments and instrument systems. drilling and ignition are carried out so that all the { inиstrəиmənt sı¯иəns } holes break smaller top angles. { ¦inиstən¦ta¯иne¯и instrument shelter [ENG] A boxlike structure əs kət} designed to protect certain meteorological in- instantaneous detonator [ENG] A type of deto- struments from exposure to direct sunshine, pre- nator that does not have a delay period between cipitation, and condensation, while providing
295
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. instrument system
adequate ventilation. Also known as thermom- high-range ohmmeter having a hand-driven di- eter screen; thermometer shelter; thermoscreen. rect-current generator as its voltage source. { inиstrəиmənt shelиtər} { inиsə la¯иshən testиiŋ set } instrument system [ENG] A system which inte- insulator [ELEC] A device having high electrical grates one or more instruments with auxiliary resistance and used for supporting or separating or associated devices for detection, observation, conductors to prevent undesired flow of current measurement, automatic control, automatic from them to other objects. Also known as и ə иə computation, communication, or data proc- electrical insulator. { in s la¯d r} essing. { inиstrəиmənt sisиtəm} intake [ENG] 1. An entrance for air, water, fuel, insulated [ELEC] Separated from other con- or other fluid, or the amount of such fluid taken ducting surfaces by a nonconducting material. in. 2. A main passage for air in a mine. { in tak} { inиsə la¯dиəd} ¯ intake chamber [CIV ENG] A large chamber that insulated-gate bipolar transistor [ELECTR] A gradually narrows to an intake tunnel; designed power semiconductor device that combines low to avoid undesirable water currents. { in ta¯k forward voltage drop, gate-controlled turnoff, cha¯mиbər} and high switching speed. It structurally resem- intake gate [CIV ENG] A movable partition for bles a vertically diffused MOSFET, featuring a opening or closing a water intake opening. double diffusion of a p-type region and an n-type { in ta¯k ga¯t} region, but differs from the MOSFET in the use intake manifold [MECH ENG] A system of pipes of a pϩ substrate layer (in the case of an n- which feeds fuel to the various cylinders of a channel device) for the drain. The effect is to multicylinder internal combustion engine. change the transistor into a bipolar device, as { in ta¯k manиə fo¯ ld } this p-type region injects holes into the n-type intake stroke [MECH ENG] The fluid admission drift region. Abbreviated IGBT. { ¦inиsə la¯dи phase or travel of a reciprocating piston and əd ga¯tbı¯ po¯ иlər tran zisиtər} cylinder mechanism as, for example, in an en- insulated-gate field-effect transistor See metal gine, pump, or compressor. { in ta¯k stro¯ k} oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor. intake valve [MECH ENG] The valve which { inиsə la¯dиəd ¦ga¯t ¦fe¯ld i fekt tran zisиtər} opens to allow air or an air-fuel mixture to enter insulated-substrate monolithic circuit [ELECTR] an engine cylinder. { in ta¯k valv } Integrated circuit which may be either an all- integer programming [SYS ENG] A series of pro- diffused device or a compatible structure so con- cedures used in operations research to find max- structed that the components within the silicon ima or minima of a function subject to one or substrate are insulated from one another by a more constraints, including one which requires layer of silicon dioxide, instead of reverse-biased that the values of some or all of the variables pn junctions used for isolation in other tech- be whole numbers. { intиəиjər pro¯ gramиiŋ } niques. { inиsə la¯dиəd ¦səb stra¯t ¦ma¨nиə¦lithиik integrable system [MECH] A dynamical system sərиkət} whose motion is governed by an integrable dif- ¦ и и əи ə ¦ и ə insulating strength [ELEC] Measure of the abil- ferential equation. { int i gr b l sis t m} ity of an insulating material to withstand electric integral action [CONT SYS] A control action in stress without breakdown; it is defined as the which the rate of change of the correcting force иəи ə voltage per unit thickness necessary to initiate is proportional to the deviation. { int gr l и ə a disruptive discharge; usually measured in volts ak sh n} per centimeter. { inиsə la¯dиiŋ streŋkth } integral compensation [CONT SYS] Use of a compensator whose output changes at a rate insulation [BUILD] Material used in walls, ceil- иəи ə и ings, and floors to retard the passage of heat proportional to its input. { int gr l ka¨m pən sa¯иshən} and sound. [ELEC] A material having high electrical resistivity and therefore suitable for integral control [CONT SYS] Use of a control sys- tem in which the control signal changes at a separating adjacent conductors in an electric rate proportional to the error signal. { intиəи circuit or preventing possible future contact grəlkən tro¯ l} between conductors. Also known as electrical и ə и ə integral-furnace boiler [MECH ENG] A type of insulation. { in s la¯ sh n} steam boiler which incorporates furnace water- insulation resistance [ELEC] The electrical cooling in the circulatory system. { intиəиgrəl resistance between two conductors separated by ¦ ə и ə иə и ə и ə ¦ и f r n s bo˙ il r} an insulating material. { in s la¯ sh nrizis integral-mode controller CONT SYS A control- ə [ ] t ns } ler which produces a control signal proportional insulation sampler [ENG] A device for collect- to the integral of the error signal. { intиəиgrəl ing deep water which prevents any significant ¦mo¯ dkən tro¯ lиər} conduction of heat from the water sample integral network [CONT SYS] A compensating so that it maintains its original temperature as network which produces high gain at low input it is hauled to the surface. { inиsə la¯иshən frequencies and low gain at high frequencies, ¦samиplər} and is therefore useful in achieving low steady- insulation testing set [ENG] An instrument for state errors. Also known as lagging network; measuring insulation resistance, consisting of a lag network. { intиəиgrəl net wərk }
296
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. intelligent vehicle highway systems
integral square error [CONT SYS] A measure of integrating galvanometer [ENG] A modifica- system performance formed by integrating the tion of the d’Arsonval galvanometer which meas- square of the system error over a fixed interval ures the integral of current over time; it is de- of time; this performance measure and its gener- signed to be able to measure changes of flux in alizations are frequently used in linear optimal an exploring coil which last over periods of sev- control and estimation theory. { intиəиgrəl eral minutes. { intиə gra¯dиiŋ galиvə na¨mиədи ¦skwer erиər} ər} integral-type flange [DES ENG] A flange which integrating gyroscope [ENG] A gyroscope that is forged or cast with, or butt-welded to, a nozzle senses the rate of angular displacement and neck, pressure vessel, or piping wall. { intиəи measures and transmits the time integral of this grəl ¦tı¯p flanj } rate. { intиə gra¯dиiŋ jı¯иrə sko¯ p} integral waterproofing [ENG] Waterproofing integrating meter [ENG] An instrument that to- concrete by adding the waterproofing material talizes electric energy or some other quantity to the cement or to the mixing water. { intиəи consumed over a period of time. { intиə gra¯dи grəl wo˙ dиər pru¨ fиiŋ }iŋ me¯dиər} integraph [ENG] A device used for completing a integrating water sampler [ENG] A water sam- mathematical integration by graphical methods. pling device comprising a cylinder with a free { intиə graf } piston whose movement is regulated by the integrated circuit [ELECTR] An interconnected evacuation of a charge of fresh water. { intи array of active and passive elements integrated ə gra¯dиiŋ wo˙ dиər samиplər} with a single semiconductor substrate or depos- integration [SYS ENG] The arrangement of com- ited on the substrate by a continuous series of ponents in a system so that they function to- compatible processes, and capable of per- gether in an efficient and logical way. { intи forming at least one complete electronic circuit ə gra¯иshən} function. Abbreviated IC. Also known as inte- intelligent agent [IND ENG] A computing hard- grated semiconductor. { intиə gra¯dиəd sərи ware- or software-based system that operates kət } without the direct intervention of humans or integrated electronics [ELECTR] A generic term other agents, examples include robots, smart for that portion of electronic art and technology sensors, and Web-search software agents. { in in which the interdependence of material, de- ¦telиəиjənt a¯иjənt } vice, circuit, and system-design consideration is intelligent machine [ENG] Any machine that especially significant; more specifically, that por- can accomplish its specific task in the presence tion of the art dealing with integrated circuits. of uncertainty and variability in its environment. { inиtə gra¯dиədi lek tra¨nиiks } {in telиəиjənt mə she¯n} integrated injection logic [ELECTR] Integrated- intelligent manufacturing [IND ENG] 1. The use circuit logic that uses a simple and compact bi- of production process technology that can auto- polar transistor gate structure which makes pos- matically adapt to changing environments and sible large-scale integration on silicon for logic varying process requirements, with the capability arrays, memories, watch circuits, and various of manufacturing various products with minimal other analog and digital applications. Abbrevi- supervision and assistance from operators. ated I2L. Also known as merged-transistor 2. The development and implementation of arti- logic. { inиtə gra¯dиədin jekиshən la¨jиik } ficial intelligence in manufacturing. { in¦telиəи integrated semiconductor See integrated circuit. jənt manиə¦fakиchərиiŋ } { inиtə gra¯dиəd ¦semиiиkən¦dəkиtər} intelligent robot [CONT SYS] A robot that func- integrated sensor [ENG] A very small device in tions as an intelligent machine, that is, it can which the sensing of some physical quantity is be programmed to take actions or make choices integrated with the functions of signal proc- based on input from sensors. { in telиəиjənt essing and information processing. { ¦inи ro¯ ba¨t} tə gra¯dиəd senиsər} intelligent sensor See smart sensor. { in¦telиəиjənt integrating accelerometer [ENG] A device senиsər} whose output signals are proportional to the intelligent transportation systems [CIV ENG] velocity of the vehicle or to the distance traveled The application of advanced technologies to sur- (depending on the number of integrations) in- face transportation problems, including traffic stead of acceleration. { inиtə gra¯dиədak selи and transportation management, travel demand ə ra¨mиədиər } management, advanced public transportation integrating frequency meter [ENG] An instru- management, electronic payment, commercial ment that measures the total number of cycles vehicle operations, emergency services manage- through which the alternating voltage of an elec- ment, and advanced vehicle control and safety tric power system has passed in a given period systems. Previously known as intelligent vehicle of time, enabling this total to be compared with highway systems. { in¦telиəиjənt tranzиpər ta¯и the number of cycles that would have elapsed if shən sisиtəmz } the prescribed frequency had been maintained. intelligent vehicle highway systems See intelligent Also known as master frequency meter. { intи transportation systems. { in¦telиəиjənt ve¯иəиkəl ə gra¯dиiŋ fre¯иkwənиse¯ me¯dиər} hı¯ wa¯ sisиtəmz }
297
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. interaction balance method
interaction balance method See goal coordination occurring when a machine operator, assigned to method. { ¦inиtə¦rakиshən balиəns methиəd} two or more semiautomatic machines, is unable interaction prediction method [CONT SYS] A to service a machine requiring attention. { inи method for coordinating the subproblem solu- ter firиəns tı¯m} tions in plant decomposition, in which the inter- interferometric hydrophone [ENG] A hydro- action variables are specified by the second-level phone in which pressure changes act directly or controller according to overall optimality condi- indirectly to deform an optical fiber and thus tions, and the subproblems are solved to satisfy produce a phase change in light from a laser or local optimality conditions constrained by the light-emitting diode; the phase change is de- specified values of the interaction variables. tected in an interferometer. Also known as fi- Also known as feasible method. { ¦inиtə¦rakи ber-optic hydrophone. { inиtər¦firиə¦meиtrik shənprə dikиshən methиəd} hı¯иdrə fo¯ n} interbase current [ELECTR] The current that interfit [ENG] The distance extended by the flows from one base connection of a junction ends of one bit cone into the grooves of an adja- tetrode transistor to the other, through the base cent one in a roller cone bit. Also known as region. { inиtər ba¯s kəиrənt } intermesh. { inиtər fit } intercepting sewer [CIV ENG] A sewer that re- interior ballistics [MECH] The science con- ceives flow from transverse sewers and conducts cerned with the combustion of powder, develop- the water to a treatment plant or disposal point. ment of pressure, and movement of a projectile { inиtər sepиtiŋ su¨ иər} in the bore of a gun. { in tirиe¯иərbə lisиtiks } interceptometer [ENG] A rain gage which is interlock [ENG] A switch or other device that placed under trees or in foliage to determine the prevents activation of a piece of equipment when rainfall in that location; by comparing this catch a protective door is open or some other hazard with that from a rain gage set in the open, the exists. { inиtər la¨k} amount of rainfall which has been intercepted interlocking cutter [DES ENG] A milling cutter by foliage is found. { inиtər sep ta¨mиədиər} assembly consisting of two mating sections with interchange [CIV ENG] A junction of two or uniform or alternate overlapping teeth. { ¦inи more highways at a number of separate levels tər¦la¨kиiŋ kədиər} so that traffic can pass from one highway to intermediate frequency [ELECTR] The fre- another without the crossing at grade of traffic quency produced by combining the received sig- streams. [ELEC] The current flowing into or nal with that of the local oscillator in a superhet- out of a power system which is interconnected erodyne receiver. Abbreviated i-f. { inиtər with one or more other power systems. { inи me¯dиe¯иət fre¯иkwənиse¯ } tər cha¯nj } intermediate-frequency amplifier [ELECTR] interchangeability [ENG] The ability to replace The section of a superheterodyne receiver that the components, parts, or equipment of one amplifies signals after they have been converted manufacturer with those of another, without los- to the fixed intermediate-frequency value by the ing function or suitability. { inиtər cha¯njиə bilи frequency converter. Abbreviated i-f amplifier. ədиe¯ }{ inиtər me¯dиe¯иət ¦fre¯иkwənиse¯ amиplə fı¯иər} intercondenser [MECH ENG] A condenser be- intermediate gear [MECH ENG] An idler gear in- tween stages of a multistage steam jet pump. terposed between a driver and driven gear. { ¦inиtərиkən denиsər} { inиtər me¯dиe¯иət ¦gir } interconnection [ELEC] A link between power intermediate material [IND ENG] A manufac- systems enabling them to draw on one another’s tured product that requires additional proc- reserves in time of need and to take advantage essing before it becomes finished goods. { inи of energy cost differentials resulting from such tər me¯dиe¯иətmə tirиe¯иəl} factors as load diversity, seasonal conditions, intermesh See interfit. { ¦inиtər¦mesh } time-zone differences, and shared investment in intermittent current [ELEC] A unidirectional larger generating units. { ¦inиtərиkə nekиshən } current that flows and ceases to flow at irregular intercooler [MECH ENG] A heat exchanger for or regular intervals. { ¦inиtər¦mitиənt kəиrənt } cooling fluid between stages of a multistage intermittent defect [ENG] A defect that is not compressor with consequent saving in power. continuously present. { ¦inиtər¦mitиənt de¯ { ¦inиtər¦ku¨ lиər} fekt } interface resistance [THERMO] 1. Impairment intermittent-duty rating [ENG] An output rating of heat flow caused by the imperfect contact based on operation of a device for specified in- between two materials at an interface. 2. Quan- tervals of time rather than continuous duty. titatively, the temperature difference across the Also known as intermittent rating. { ¦inиtər¦mitи interface divided by the heat flux through it. ənt ¦du¨ dиe¯ ra¯dиiŋ } { inиtər fa¯sri zisиtəns } intermittent firing [MECH ENG] Cyclic firing interference fit [DES ENG] A fit wherein one of whereby fuel and air are burned in a furnace for the mating parts of an assembly is forced into frequent short time periods. { ¦inиtər¦mitиənt a space provided by the other part in such a way fı¯rиiŋ } that the condition of maximum metal overlap is intermittent operation [ENG] Condition in achieved. { inиtər firиəns fit } which a device operates normally for a time, then interference time [IND ENG] Idle machine time becomes defective for a time, with the process
298
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. international practical temperature scale
repeating itself at regular or irregular intervals. subjected to fluctuating stress. 2. In a powder, { ¦inиtər¦mitиənt a¨pиə ra¯иshən} the friction that is developed by the particles intermittent rating See intermittent-duty rating. sliding over each other; it is greater than the { ¦inиtər¦mitиənt ra¯dиiŋ } friction of the mass of solid that comprises the intermittent work [IND ENG] A type of task re- individual particles. { in tərnиəl frikиshən} quiring moderate to highly demanding physical internal furnace [MECH ENG] A boiler furnace effort that is interrupted by short periods of rest having a firebox within a water-cooled heating or light work lasting a few seconds to a few min- surface. { in tərnиəl fərиnəs} utes. { ¦inиtər¦mitиənt wərk } internal gear [DES ENG] An annular gear having intermodulation [ELECTR] Modulation of the teeth on the inner surface of its rim. { in tərnи components of a complex wave by each other, əl gir } producing new waves whose frequencies are internal grinder [MECH ENG] A machine de- equal to the sums and differences of integral signed for grinding the surfaces of holes. multiples of the component frequencies of the {in tərnиəl grı¯nиdər} original complex wave. { inиtər ma¨jиə la¯иshən} internally fired boiler [MECH ENG] A fire-tube internal biomechanical environment [IND boiler containing an internal furnace which is ENG] A concept that is used in ergonomic de- water-cooled. { in tərnиəlиe¯ ¦fı¯rd bo˙ ilиər} sign and considers that muscles, bones, and tis- internal mechanical environment [IND ENG] A sues are subject to the same Newtonian mechan- concept that considers parts of the human body, ical forces as are objects external to the body. such as muscles, bones, and tissues, in terms of {in¦tərnиəl bı¯иo¯ иmi¦kanиəиkəlin vı¯иərnиmənt } how they are subject to Newtonian mechanics in internal brake [MECH ENG] A friction brake in their interaction with the external environment. which an internal shoe follows the inner surface { in¦tərnиəlmi¦kanиəиkəlin vı¯иrənиmənt } of the rotating brake drum, wedging itself be- internal mix atomizer [MECH ENG] A type of tween the drum and the point at which it is pneumatic atomizer in which gas and liquid are anchored; used in motor vehicles. { in tərnиəl mixed prior to the gas expansion through the bra¯k } nozzle. { in tərnиəl ¦miks adиə mı¯zиər} internal broaching [MECH ENG] The removal of internal spring safety relief valve [ENG] A material on internal surfaces, by means of a tool spring-loaded valve with a portion of the op- with teeth of progressively increasing size mov- erating mechanism located inside the pressure ing in a straight line or other prescribed path vessel. { in tərnиəl ¦spriŋ sa¯fиte¯ ri le¯f valv } over the surface, other than for the origination internal stress [MECH] A stress system within of a hole. { in tərnиəl bro¯ chиiŋ } a solid that is not dependent on external forces. internal combustion engine [MECH ENG] A Also known as residual stress. { in tərnиəl prime mover in which the fuel is burned within stres } the engine and the products of combustion serve internal thread [DES ENG] A screw thread cut as the thermodynamic fluid, as with gasoline on the inner surface of a hollow cylinder. and diesel engines. { in tərnиəlkəm bəsиchən {in tərnиəl thred } enиjən} internal vibrator [MECH ENG] A vibrating device internal dielectric field See dielectric field. which is drawn vertically through placed con- {in tərnиəl dı¯иə lekиtrik fe¯ld } crete to achieve proper consolidation. internal diffusion [CHEM ENG] The diffusion of {in tərnиəl vı¯ bra¯dиər} liquid or gaseous reactants to the innermost internal work [IND ENG] Manual work done by pore depths of an adsorbent-base catalyst, nec- a machine operator while the machine is auto- essary for full catalytic effect. { in tərnиəl matically operating. Also known as fill-up work; di fyu¨ иzhən} inside work. [THERMO] The work done in sep- internal energy [THERMO] A characteristic arating the particles composing a system against property of the state of a thermodynamic system, their forces of mutual attraction. { in tərnиəl introduced in the first law of thermodynamics; wərk } it includes intrinsic energies of individual mole- international ampere [ELEC] The current that, cules, kinetic energies of internal motions, and when flowing through a solution of silver nitrate contributions from interactions between mole- in water, deposits silver at a rate of 0.001118 cules, but excludes the potential or kinetic en- gram per second; it has been superseded by the ergy of the system as a whole; it is sometimes ampere as a unit of current, and is equal to erroneously referred to as heat energy. { in approximately 0.999850 ampere. { ¦inиtər¦nashи tərnиəl enиərиje¯ } ənиəl am pir } internal floating-head exchanger [MECH ENG] international ohm [ELEC] A unit of resistance, Tube-and-shell heat exchanger in which the tube equal to that of a column of mercury of uniform sheet (support for tubes) at one end of the tube cross section that has a length of 160.3 centime- bundle is free to move. { in tərnиəl flo¯ dиiŋ ¦hed ters and a mass of 14.4521 grams at the tempera- iks cha¯njиər } ture of melting ice; it has been superseded by internal force [MECH] A force exerted by one the ohm, and is equal to 1.00049 ohms. { ¦inи part of a system on another. { in tərnиəl fo¯ rs } tər¦nashиənиəl o¯ m} internal friction [MECH] 1. Conversion of me- international practical temperature scale chanical strain energy to heat within a material [THERMO] Temperature scale based on six
299
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. international system of electrical units
points: the water triple point, the boiling points two straights or tangents to a railway or road of oxygen, water, sulfur, and the solidification curve would meet if extended. { inиtər sekи points of silver and gold; designated as ЊC, de- shən po˙ int } grees Celsius, or tint; replaced in 1990 by the interspace [BUILD] An air space. { inиtər international temperature scale. { ¦inиtər¦nashи spa¯s} ənиəl ¦prakиtəиkəl temиprəиchər ska¯l} interterminal switching [CIV ENG] The move- international system of electrical units [ELEC] ment of railroad cars from one line to another System of electrical units based on agreed funda- within a switching area. { ¦inиtər tərиmənиəl mental units for the ohm, ampere, centimeter, swichиiŋ } and second, in use between 1893 and 1947, inclu- intertube burner [MECH ENG] A burner which sive; in 1948, the Giorgi, or meter-kilogram-sec- utilizes a nozzle that discharges between adja- ond-absolute system, was adopted for interna- cent tubes. { inиtər tu¨ b bərиnər} tional use. { ¦inиtər¦nashиənиəl ¦sistəm əvi¦lekи interval timer [ENG] A device which operates a trəиkəl yu¨ иnəts } set of contacts during a preset time interval and, international table British thermal unit See British at the end of the interval, returns the contacts thermal unit. { ¦inиtər¦nashиənиəl ¦ta¯иbəl ¦bridи to their normal positions. Also known as timer. ish thərиməl yu¨ иnət} { inиtərиvəl tı¯mиər} international table calorie See calorie. { ¦inи intraline distance [ENG] The minimum dis- tər¦nashиənиəl ¦ta¯иbəl kalиəиre¯ } tance permitted between any two buildings international temperature scale [THERMO] A within an explosives operating line; to protect standard temperature scale, adopted in 1990, buildings from propagation of explosions due to that approximates the thermodynamic scale, blast effect. { inиtrə lı¯n disиtəns } based on assigned temperature values of 17 ther- intrinsic-barrier diode [ELECTR] A pin diode, in modynamic equilibrium fixed points and pre- which a thin region of intrinsic material sepa- scribed thermometers for interpolation between rates the p-type region and the n-type region. them. Abbreviated ITS-90. { ¦inиtər¦nashиənи {in trinиsik ¦barиe¯иər dı¯ o¯ d} əl temиprəиchər ska¯l} intrinsic-barrier transistor [ELECTR] A pnip or international thread [DES ENG] A standardized npin transistor, in which a thin region of intrinsic metric system in which the pitch and diameter material separates the base and collector. { in of the thread are related, with the thread having trinиsik ¦barиe¯иər tran zisиtər} a rounded root and flat crest. { ¦inиtər¦nashиənи intrinsic contact potential difference [ELEC] əl thred } True potential difference between two perfectly international volt [ELEC] A unit of potential clean metals in contact. { in trinиsik ¦ka¨n takt difference or electromotive force, equal to pə¦tenиchəl difиərns } 1/1.01858 of the electromotive force of a Weston intrinsic detector [ENG] A semiconductor de- cell at 20ЊC; it has been superseded by the volt, tector of electromagnetic radiation that utilizes and is equal to 1.00034 volts. { ¦inиtər¦nashиənи the generation of electron-hole pairs across the əl vo¯ lt } semiconductor band gap. { in trinиsik di tekи interrupted dc tachometer [ENG] A type of im- tər} pulse tachometer in which the frequency of intrinsic electric strength [ELEC] The extremely pulses generated by the interrupted direct cur- high dielectric strength displayed by a substance rent of an ignition-circuit primary of an internal at low temperatures. { in¦trinиsik i¦lekиtrik combustion engine is used to measure the speed streŋkth } of the engine. { intиə rəpиtəd ¦de¯¦se¯ tə ka¨mи intrinsic layer [ELECTR] A layer of semiconduc- ədиər } tor material whose properties are essentially interrupted screw [DES ENG] A screw with lon- those of the pure undoped material. { in trinи gitudinal grooves cut into the thread, and which sik la¯иər} locks quickly when inserted into a similar mating intrusion grouting [ENG] A method of placing part. { intиə rəpиtəd skru¨ } concrete by intruding the mortar component in interrupter [ELEC] An electric, electronic, or position and then converting it into concrete mechanical device that periodically interrupts as it is introduced into voids. { in tru¨ иzhən the flow of a direct current so as to produce grau˙ dиiŋ } pulses. { intиə rəpиtər} invariable line [MECH] A line which is parallel intersect [ENG] To find a position by the trian- to the angular momentum vector of a body exe- gulation method. { inиtər sekt } cuting Poinsot motion, and which passes intersection [CIV ENG] 1. A point of junction or through the fixed point in the body about which crossing of two or more roadways. 2. A survey- there is no torque. { in verиe¯иəиbəl lı¯n} ing method in which a plane table is used alter- invariable plane [MECH] A plane which is per- nately at each end of a measured baseline. pendicular to the angular momentum vector of { inиtər sekиshən} a rotating rigid body not subject to external intersection angle [CIV ENG] The angle of de- torque, and which is always tangent to its inertia flection at the intersection point between the ellipsoid. { in verиe¯иəиbəl pla¯n} straights of a railway or highway curve. { inи inventory [ENG] The amount of plastic in the tər sekиshən aŋиgəl} heating cylinder or barrel in injection molding intersection point [CIV ENG] That point where or extrusion. { inиvən to˙ rиe¯ }
300
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. ion microprobe mass spectrometer
inventory control [IND ENG] Systematic man- inverting amplifier [ELECTR] Amplifier whose agement of the balance on hand of inventory output polarity is reversed as compared to its items, involving the supply, storage, distribution, input; such an amplifier obtains its negative and recording of items. { inиvən to˙ rиe¯ kən tro¯ l} feedback by a connection from output to input, inverse cam [MECH ENG] A cam that acts as a and with high gain is widely used as an opera- follower instead of a driver. { in vərs kam } tional amplifier. { in vərdиiŋ amиplə fı¯иər} inverse current [ELECTR] The current resulting inverting function [ELECTR] A logic device that from an inverse voltage in a contact rectifier. inverts the input signal, so that the output is { in vərs kəиrənt } out of phase with the input. { in vərdиiŋ inverse feedback See negative feedback. fəŋkиshən} { in vərs fe¯d bak } invert level [ENG] The level of the lowest por- inverse problem [CONT SYS] The problem of tion at any given section of a liquid-carrying con- determining, for a given feedback control law, duit, such as a drain or a sewer, and which deter- the performance criteria for which it is optimal. mines the hydraulic gradient available for mov- { in vərs pra¨bиləm } ing the contained liquid. { in vərt levиəl} inverse voltage [ELECTR] The voltage that ex- invisible hinge [DES ENG] A door hinge whose ists across a rectifier tube or x-ray tube during parts are not exposed when the door is closed. the half cycle in which the anode is negative {in¦vizиəиbəl hinj } and current does not normally flow. { in vərs involute gear tooth [DES ENG] A gear tooth vo¯ lиtij } whose profile is established by an involute curve inversion [ELEC] The solution of certain prob- outward from the base circle. { ¦inиvə¦lu¨ t gir lems in electrostatics through the use of the tu¨ th } transformation in Kelvin’s inversion theorem. involute spline [DES ENG] A spline having the [MECH ENG] The conversion of basic four-bar same general form as involute gear teeth, except linkages to special motion linkages, such as par- that the teeth are one-half the depth and the allelogram linkage, slider-crank mechanism, and pressure angle is 30Њ.{¦inиvə¦lu¨ t splı¯n} slow-motion mechanism by successively holding involute spline broach [MECH ENG] A broach fast, as ground link, members of a specific link- that cuts multiple keys in the form of internal or age (as drag link). [THERMO] A reversal of the external involute gear teeth. { ¦inиvə¦lu¨ t splı¯n usual direction of a variation or process, such bro¯ ch } as the change in sign of the expansion coefficient ion-beam mixing [ENG] A process in which of water at 4ЊC, or a change in sign in the Joule- bombardment of a solid with a beam of energetic Thomson coefficient at a certain temperature. ions causes the intermixing of atoms of two sep- {in vərиzhən} arate phases originally present in the near-sur- inversion temperature [ENG] The temperature face region. { ¯ı a¨n ¦be¯m miksиiŋ } to which one junction of a thermocouple must ion-beam scanning [ELECTR] The process of be raised in order to make the thermoelectric analyzing the mass spectrum of an ion beam electromotive force in the circuit equal to zero, in a mass spectrometer either by changing the when the other junction of the thermocouple electric or magnetic fields of the mass spectrom- is held at a constant low temperature. eter or by moving a probe. { ¯ı a¨n be¯m skanи [THERMO] The temperature at which the Joule- iŋ } Thomson effect of a gas changes sign. { in vərи ion-beam thinning See ion machining. { ¯ı a¨n zhən temиprəиchər} be¯m ¦thinиiŋ } invert [CIV ENG] The floor or bottom of a con- ion fractionation [CHEM ENG] Separation of ca- duit. { in vərt } tions or anions from an ionic solution by use inverted arch [CIV ENG] An arch with the crown of a membrane permeable to the desired ion; downward, below the line of the springings; com- equipment includes electrodialyzers and ion- monly used in tunnels and foundations. Also fractionation stills. { ¯ı a¨n frakиshə na¯иshən} known as inflected arch. { in vərdиəd a¨rch } ionic membrane [CHEM ENG] Semipermeable inverted engine [MECH ENG] An engine in membrane that conducts electricity; the applica- which the cylinders are below the crankshaft. tion of an electric field to the membrane achieves {in vərdиəd enиjən} an electrophoretic movement of ions through inverted siphon [CIV ENG] A pressure pipeline the membrane; used in electrodialysis. { ı¯ a¨nи crossing a depression or passing under a high- ik mem bra¯n} way; sometimes called a sag line from its U- ion implantation [ENG] A process of introduc- shape. { in vərdиəd sı¯иfən} ing impurities into the near-surface regions of inverter [ELEC] A device for converting direct solids by directing a beam of ions at the solid. current into alternating current; it may be elec- { ¯ı a¨n im plan ta¯иshən} tromechanical, as in a vibrator or synchronous ionization spectrometer See Bragg spectrometer. inverter, or electronic, as in a thyratron inverter { ¯ıиəиnə za¯иshən spek tra¨mиədиər} circuit. Also known as dc-to-ac converter; ion machining [ENG] Use of a high-velocity ion dc-to-ac inverter. [ELECTR] See phase inverter. beam to remove material from a surface. Also {in vərdиər } known as ion beam thinning, ion milling. { ¯ı a¨n inverter circuit See NOT circuit. { in vərdиər sərи mə she¯nиiŋ } kət} ion microprobe mass spectrometer [ENG] A
301
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. ion migration
type of secondary ion mass spectrometer in change in external conditions. { iиri vərиsəиbəl which primary ions are focused on a spot 1–2 pra¨иsəs} micrometers in diameter, mass-charge separa- irreversible thermodynamics See nonequilibrium tion of secondary ions is carried out by a double thermodynamics. { iиri vərиsəиbəl ¦thərиməи focusing mass spectrometer or spectrograph, dı¯ namиiks } and a magnified image of elemental or isotopic irrigation [CIV ENG] Artificial application of wa- distributions on the sample surface is produced ter to arable land for agricultural use. { irи using synchronous scanning of the primary ion ə ga¯иshən} beam and an oscilloscope. { ¯ı a¨n mı¯иkrə pro¯ b irrigation canal [CIV ENG] An artificial open ¦mas spek tra¨mиədиər} channel for transporting water for crop irrigation. ion migration [ELEC] Movement of ions pro- { irиə ga¯иshənkə nal } duced in an electrolyte, semiconductor, and so irrigation pipe [CIV ENG] A conduit of con- on, by the application of an electric potential nected pipes for transporting water for crop irri- и ə between electrodes. { ¯ı a¨nmı¯ gra¯ sh n} gation. { irиə ga¯иshən pı¯p} и ŋ ion milling See ion machining. { ¯ı a¨n mil i } isenergic flow [THERMO] Fluid flow in which ionogram [ENG] A record produced by an iono- the sum of the kinetic energy, potential energy, sonde, that is, a graph of the virtual height of and enthalpy of any part of the fluid does not the ionosphere plotted against frequency. иə change as that part is carried along with the {ı¯ a¨n gram } fluid. { ¦¯ıиsə nərиjik flo¯ } ionophone ENG ACOUS A high-frequency [ ] isenthalpic expansion [THERMO] Expansion loudspeaker in which the audio-frequency signal which takes place without any change in en- modulates the radio-frequency supply to an arc thalpy. { ¦¯ısиən¦thalиmik ik spanиchən} maintained in a quartz tube, and the resulting isenthalpic process [THERMO] A process that modulated wave acts directly on ionized air to is carried out at constant enthalpy. { ¯ıи create sound waves. {¯ ı a¨nиə fon} ¯ sən¦thalиpik pra¨ ses } ionosonde [ENG] A radar system for determin- isentrope [THERMO] A line of equal or constant ing the vertical height at which the ionosphere entropy. { ¯ısиən trop} reflects signals back to earth at various frequen- ¯ isentropic [THERMO] Having constant entropy; cies; a pulsed vertical beam is swept periodically ¦ иə ¦ и through a frequency range from 0.5 to 20 mega- at constant entropy. { ¯ıs n tra¨p ik } hertz, and the variation of echo return time with isentropic compression [THERMO] Compres- и sion which occurs without any change in entropy. frequency is photographically recorded. {¯ ı a¨n ¦ иə ¦ и ə иə ə sa¨nd } { ¯ıs n tra¨p ik k m presh n} ion probe See secondary ion mass spectrometer. isentropic expansion [THERMO] Expansion which occurs without any change in entropy. { ¯ı a¨n pro¯ b} ¦ иə и и ə ion retardation [CHEM ENG] Sorbent extraction { ¯ıs n tra¨p ik ik span ch n} of strong electrolytes with an anion-exchange isentropic flow [THERMO] Fluid flow in which resin in which a cationic monomer has been the entropy of any part of the fluid does not polymerized, or vice versa. { ı a¨n reиta¨r daи change as that part is carried along with the ¯ ¯ ¯ ¦ иə и shən} fluid. { ¯ıs n tra¨p ik flo¯ } IR drop See resistance drop. { ¦¯ı¦a¨r dra¨p} isentropic process [THERMO] A change that iron count [CHEM ENG] An analytic determina- takes place without any increase or decrease in tion of the iron compounds in a product stream; entropy, such as a process which is both revers- ¦ иə и и reflects the occurrence and the extent of corro- ible and adiabatic. { ¯ıs n tra¨p ik pra¨ ses } sion. { ¯ıиərn kau˙ nt } island of automation [IND ENG] A single robotic iron oxide process [CHEM ENG] A process by system or other automatically operating ma- which a gas is passed through iron oxide and chine that functions independently of any other wood shavings to remove sulfides. { ¯ıиərn machine or process. { ¯ıиlənd əv o˙ dиə ma¯и a¨k sı¯d pra¨иsəs} shən} irradiation [ENG] The exposure of a material, isobaric [THERMO] Of equal or constant pres- object, or patient to x-rays, gamma rays, ultravio- sure, with respect to either space or time. { ¦iи let rays, or other ionizing radiation. { i ra¯dи sə¦ba¨rиik } e¯ a¯иshən} isobaric process [THERMO] A thermodynamic irregular element [IND ENG] An element whose process of a gas in which the heat transfer to or frequency of occurrence is irregular but predict- from the gaseous system causes a volume able. Also known as incidental element. change at constant pressure. { ¦iиsə¦ba¨rиik {i regиyəиlər elиəиmənt } pra¨иsəs} irreversible energy loss [THERMO] Energy isochronism [MECH] The property of having a transformation process in which the resultant uniform rate of operation or periodicity, for ex- condition lacks the driving potential needed to ample, of a pendulum or watch balance. { ı¯ sa¨и reverse the process; the measure of this loss is krə nizиəm} expressed by the entropy increase of the system. isochronous governor [MECH ENG] A governor { iиri vərиsəиbəl enиərиje lo˙ s} that keeps the speed of a prime mover constant irreversible process [THERMO] A process at all loads. Also known as astatic governor. which cannot be reversed by an infinitesimal {¯ ı sa¨иkrəиnəs gəvиərиnər}
302
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. isothermal process
isoconcentration [CHEM ENG] Constant con- isometric process [THERMO] A constant-vol- centration values. { ¦¯ıиso¯ ka¨nsиən tra¯иshən} ume, frictionless thermodynamic process in isoconcentration map [CHEM ENG] Map or dia- which the system is confined by mechanically gram of a liquid or gas system’s concentration rigid boundaries. { ¦¯ıиsə meиtrik pra¨иsəs} with respect to a single component of the sys- isostatics [MECH] In photoelasticity studies of tem, shown by constant-concentration contour stress analyses, those curves, the tangents to lines. { ¦¯ıиso¯ ka¨nsиən tra¯иshən map } which represent the progressive change in princi- isocracking [CHEM ENG] A hydrocracking proc- pal-plane directions. Also known as stress tra- ess for conversion of hydrocarbons into more jectories. Also known as stress lines. { ¦¯ıи valuable, lower-boiling products; operates at rel- sə stadиiks } atively low temperatures and pressures in the isostatic surface [MECH] A surface in a three- presence of hydrogen and a catalyst. { ¦¯ıиso¯ dimensional elastic body such that at each point krakиiŋ } of the surface one of the principal planes of isodynamic [MECH] Pertaining to equality of stress at that point is tangent to the surface. ¦ и ə и ə и ə two or more forces or to constancy of a force. { ¯ı s stad ik s r f s} { ¦¯ıиso¯ иdı¯ namиik } isoteniscope [ENG] An instrument for measur- isoelectric [ELEC] Pertaining to a constant ing the vapor pressure of a liquid, consisting of electric potential. { ¦¯ıиso¯ иi lekиtrik } a U tube containing the liquid, one arm of which isoforming [CHEM ENG] A petroleum refinery connects with a closed vessel containing the process in which olefinic naphtha is contacted same liquid, while the other connects with a with an alumina catalyst at high temperature pressure gage where the pressure is adjusted until the levels in the arms of the U tube are and low pressure to produce isomers of higher и ə иə octane number. { ¯ıиsə fo˙ rиmiŋ } equal. { ¯ı s ten sko¯ p} isokinetic sampling [ENG] Any technique for isotherm [THERMO] A curve or formula showing collecting airborne particulate matter in which the relationship between two variables, such as the collector is so designed that the airstream pressure and volume, when the temperature is entering it has a velocity equal to that of the air held constant. Also known as isothermal. и { ¯ıиsə thərm } passing around and outside the collector. { ¯ı ¦ и ə¦ ə и ə səиki¦nedиik samиpliŋ } isothermal See isotherm. { ¯ı s th r m l} isothermal calorimeter [THERMO] A calorime- isolate [CHEM ENG] To separate two portions ter in which the heat received by a reservoir, of a process system by means of valving or line containing a liquid in equilibrium with its solid blanks; used as safety measure during mainte- at the melting point or with its vapor at the nance or repair, or to redirect process flows. boiling point, is determined by the change in [ELEC] To disconnect a circuit or piece of equip- volume of the liquid. { ¦¯ıиsə¦thərиməl kalиə rimи ment from an electric supply system. { ¯ıи ədиər} sə la¯t} isothermal compression [THERMO] Compres- isolated footing [CIV ENG] A concrete slab or ¦ и ə¦ ə и ə и sion at constant temperature. { ¯ı s th r m l block under an individual load or column. { ¯ı kəm preshиən} sə la¯dиəd fu˙ dиiŋ } isothermal equilibrium [THERMO] The condi- isolated system See closed system. { ¯ıиsə la¯dиəd и ə tion in which two or more systems are at the sis t m} same temperature, so that no heat flows between isolation amplifier [ELECTR] An amplifier used them. { ¦¯ıиsə¦thərиməl e¯иkwə libиre¯иəm} to minimize the effects of a following circuit on isothermal expansion [THERMO] Expansion of the preceding circuit. { ¯ıиsə la¯иshən amи ə иə a substance while its temperature is held con- pl fı¯ r} stant. { ¦¯ıиsə¦thərиməlik spanиchən} isolation diode [ELECTR] A diode used in a cir- isothermal flow [THERMO] Flow of a gas in cuit to allow signals to pass in only one direction. which its temperature does not change. { ¦¯ıи и ə и ə { ¯ı s la¯ sh n dı¯ o¯ d} sə¦thərиməl flo¯ } isolation test [ENG] A leak detection method isothermal layer [THERMO] A layer of fluid, all which isolates the evacuated system from the points of which have the same temperature. pump, followed by observation of the rate of { ¦¯ıиsə¦thərиməl la¯иər} и ə и ə pressure rise. { ¯ı s la¯ sh n test } isothermal magnetization [THERMO] Magneti- isolator [ELECTR] A passive attenuator in which zation of a substance held at constant tempera- the loss in one direction is much greater than ture; used in combination with adiabatic demag- that in the opposite direction; a ferrite isolator netization to produce temperatures close to for waveguides is an example. [ENG] Any de- absolute zero. { ¦¯ıиsə¦thərиməl magиnəиtə za¯и vice that absorbs vibration or noise, or prevents shən} its transmission. { ¯ıиsə la¯dиər} isothermal process [THERMO] Any constant- isolith [ELECTR] Integrated circuit of compo- temperature process, such as expansion or com- nents formed on a single silicon slice, but with pression of a gas, accompanied by heat addition the various components interconnected by beam or removal from the system at a rate just ade- leads and with circuit parts isolated by removal quate to maintain the constant temperature. of the silicon between them. { ¯ıиsə lith } { ¦¯ıиsə¦thərиməl pra¨иsəs}
303
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. isothermal transformation
isothermal transformation [THERMO] Any trans- ITS-90 See international temperature scale. formation of a substance which takes place at ivory point [ENG] A small pointer extending a constant temperature. { ¦¯ıиsə¦thərиməl tranzи downward from the top of the cistern of a Fortin fər ma¯иshən} barometer; the level of the mercury in the cistern ISTS See impulsive stimulated thermal scattering. is adjusted so that it just comes in contact with IT calorie See calorie. { ¦¯ı te¯ kalиəиre¯ } the end of the pointer, thus setting the zero of ITS See intelligent transportation system. the barometer scale. { ¯ıvиre¯ ¦po˙ int }
304
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. J
J See joule. mechanical equivalent of heat, in which a large jack [ELEC] A connecting device into which a mass of water, efficiently stirred, is used, the plug can be inserted to make circuit connections; temperature rise of the water is small, and the may also have contacts that open or close to temperature of the surroundings is carefully con- perform switching functions when the plug is trolled. { ya¯иgər shtı¯nиver methиəd} inserted or removed. [MECH ENG] A portable jag bolt [DES ENG] An anchor bolt with barbs device for lifting heavy loads through a short on a flaring shank. { jag bo¯ lt } distance, operated by a lever, a screw, or a jalousie [BUILD] A window that consists of a hydraulic press. { jak } number of long, narrow panels, each hinged at jackbit [DES ENG] A drilling bit used to provide the top. { jalиəиse¯ } the cutting end in rock drilling; the bit is detach- jamb [BUILD] The vertical member on the side able and either screws on or is taper-fitted to a of an opening, as a door or window. { jam } length of drill steel. Also known as ripbit. jamb liner [BUILD] A small strip of wood applied { jak bit } to the edge of a window jamb to increase its jack chain [DES ENG] 1. A chain made of light width for use in thicker walls. { jam lı¯nиər} wire, with links arranged in figure-eights with jam nut See locknut. { jam nət} loops at right angles. 2. A toothed endless Janecke coordinates [CHEM ENG] Use of a chain for moving logs. { jak cha¯n} rectangular or Ponchon-type diagram to plot the jacket [MECH ENG] The space around an engine solvent content of liquid-liquid equilibrium cylinder through which a cooling liquid circu- phases; used for solvent-extraction design calcu- lates. { jakиət} lations. { ya¨иnəиke¯ ko¯ o˙ rdиənиəts } jacketed pipe [DES ENG] A double-walled pipe jaw [ENG] A notched part that permits a rail- in which liquids that are too viscous for pipeline road-car axle box to move vertically. { jo˙ } transport at normal temperatures flow through jawbreaker See jaw crusher. { jo˙ bra¯kиər} the inner pipe that is surrounded by a pipe circu- jaw clutch [MECH ENG] A clutch that provides lating hot fluids. { ¦jakиədиəd pı¯p} positive connection of one shaft with another by jack ladder [ENG] A V-shaped trough holding a means of interlocking faces; may be square or toothed endless chain, and used to move logs spiral; the most common type of positive clutch. from pond to sawmill. { jak ladиər} { jo˙ kləch } jackleg [ENG] A supporting bar used with a jaw crusher [MECH ENG] A machine for break- jackhammer. { jak leg } ing rock between two steel jaws, one fixed and jack plane [DES ENG] A general-purpose bench the other swinging. Also known as jawbreaker. plane measuring over 1 foot (30 centimeters) in { jo˙ ¦krəshиər} length. { jak pla¯n} J bolt [DES ENG] A J-shaped bolt, threaded on jack rafter [BUILD] A short, secondary, or simu- the long leg of the J. { ja¯ bo¯ lt } lated rafter. { jak rafиtər} J box See junction box. { ja¯ ba¨ks } jackscrew [MECH ENG] 1. A jack operated by a Jeans viscosity equation [THERMO] An equa- screw mechanism. Also known as screw jack. tion which states that the viscosity of a gas is 2. The screw of such a jack. { jak skru¨ } proportional to the temperature raised to a con- jackshaft [MECH ENG] A countershaft, espe- stant power, which is different for different gases. cially when used as an auxiliary shaft between { je¯nz vi ska¨sиədиe¯ i kwa¯иzhən} two other shafts. { jak shaft } jeep [MECH ENG] A one-quarter-ton, four- jack truss [BUILD] A minor truss in a hip roof wheel-drive utility vehicle in wide use in all where the roof has a reduced section. { jak United States military services. { je¯p} trəs} Jeremiassen crystallizer [CHEM ENG] Device Jacobs taper [DES ENG] A machine tool used used to grow solid crystals in a supersaturated for mounting drill chucks in drilling machines. liquid solution and to separate them from it. { ja¯иkəbz ta¯иpər} { yerиə mı¯иəиsən kristиəl ¯ızиər} Jaeger-Steinwehr method [THERMO] A refine- jerk [MECH] 1. The rate of change of accelera- ment of the Griffiths method for determining the tion; it is the third derivative of position with
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. jerk pump
respect to time. 2. A unit of rate of change of mold section, as opposed to laminar, progressive acceleration, equal to 1 foot (30.48 centimeters) flow. { jedиiŋ } per second squared per second. { jərk } jettison [ENG] The throwing overboard of ob- jerk pump [MECH ENG] A pump that supplies jects, especially to lighten a craft in distress. a precise amount of fuel to the fuel injection { jedиəиsən} valve of an internal combustion engine at the jewel [ENG] 1. A bearing usually made of syn- time the valve opens; used for fuel injection. thetic corundum and used in precision timekeep- { jərk pəmp } ing devices, gyros, and other instruments. 2. A jet bit [DES ENG] A modification of a drag bit bearing lining of soft metal, used in railroad cars, or a roller bit that utilizes the hydraulic jet princi- for example. { ju¨ l} ple to increase drilling rate. { jet ¦bit } J factor [THERMO] A dimensionless equation jet compressor [MECH ENG] A device, utilizing used for the calculation of free convection heat an actuating nozzle and a combining tube, for transmission through fluid films. { ja¯ fakиtər} the pumping of a compressible fluid. { ¦jet JFET See junction field-effect transistor. { ja¯ fet } kəm¦presиər} jib boom [MECH ENG] An extension that is jet condenser [MECH ENG] A direct-contact hinged to the upper end of a crane boom. steam condenser utilizing the aspirating effect { jib bu¨ m} of a jet for the removal of noncondensables. jib crane [MECH ENG] Any of various cranes { ¦jet kən¦denиsər } having a projecting arm (jib). { jib kra¯n} jet drilling [MECH ENG] A drilling method that jig [ENG] A machine for dyeing piece goods by utilizes a chopping bit, with a water jet run on moving the cloth at full width (open width) a string of hollow drill rods, to chop through through the dye liquor on rollers. [MECH soils and wash the cuttings to the surface. Also ENG] A device used to position and hold parts known as wash boring. { ¦jet ¦drilиiŋ } for machining operations and to guide the cut- jet engine [MECH ENG] Any engine that ejects ting tool. { jig } a jet or stream of gas or fluid, obtaining all or jig back [MECH ENG] An aerial ropeway with a most of its thrust by reaction to the ejection. pair of containers that move in opposite direc- { ¦jet ¦enиjən} tions and are loaded or stopped alternately at jet hole [ENG] A borehole drilled by use of a opposite stations but do not pass around the directed, forceful stream of fluid or air. { jet terminals. Also known as reversible tramway; ho¯ l } to-and-fro ropeway. { jig bak } jet mill See fluid-energy mill. { jet mil } jig borer [MECH ENG] A machine tool resem- jet mixer [MECH ENG] A type of flow mixer or bling a vertical milling machine designed for line mixer, depending on impingement of one locating and drilling holes in jigs. { jig bo˙ rиər} liquid on the other to produce mixing. { jet jiggering [ENG] A mechanization of the ce- mikиsər} ramic-forming operation consisting of molding jet molding [ENG] Molding method in which the outside of a piece by throwing plastic clay most of the heat is applied to the material to on a plaster of paris mold, placing the mold and be molded as it passes through a nozzle or jet, clay on a rotating head, and forming the inner rather than in a conventional heating cylinder. surface by forcing a template or jigger knife { jet mo¯ lиdiŋ } against the clay; method used in mass-producing jet nozzle [DES ENG] A nozzle, usually specially dinnerware. { jigиəиriŋ } shaped, for producing a jet, such as the exhaust jig grinder [MECH ENG] A precision grinding nozzle on a jet or rocket engine. { jet ¦na¨zиəl} machine used to locate and grind holes to size, jet-piercing drill See fusion-piercing drill. { jet especially in hardened steels and carbides. ¦pirиsiŋ dril } { jig ¦grı¯nиdər} jet propulsion [ENG] Propulsion by means of a jigsaw [MECH ENG] A tool with a narrow blade jet of fluid. { ¦jet prə¦pəlиshən} suitable for cutting intricate curves and lines. jet pump [MECH ENG] A pump in which an ac- { jig so˙ } celerating jet entrains a second fluid to deliver jim crow [DES ENG] A device with a heavy but- it at elevated pressure. { jet pəmp } tress screw thread used for bending rails by hand. jetsam [ENG] Articles that sink when thrown { jim kro¯ } overboard, particularly those jettisoned for the JIT See just-in-time. purpose of lightening a vessel in distress. J-K flip-flop [ELECTR] A storage stage con- { jetиsəm } sisting only of transistors and resistors con- jet spinning [ENG] Production of plastic fibers nected as flip-flops between input and output in which a directed blast or jet of hot gas pulls gates, and working with charge-storage transis- the molten polymer from a die lip; similar to tors; gives a definite output even when both in- melt spinning. { ¦jet ¦spinиiŋ } puts are 1. { ¦ja¯¦ka¯ flip fla¨p} jetting [CIV ENG] A method of driving piles or job [IND ENG] 1. The combination of duties, well points into sand by using a jet of water to skills, knowledge, and responsibilities assigned break the soil. [ENG] During molding of plas- to an individual employee. 2. A work order. tics, the turbulent flow of molten resin from an { ja¨b} undersized gate or thin section into a thicker job analysis [IND ENG] A detailed study of the
306
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Jolly balance
work performed, the facilities required, the work- on one fits into a recess in another. { ja¨gиəl ing conditions, and the skills required to com- jo˙ int } plete a specific job. Also known as job study. joggle piece See joggle post. { ja¨gиəl pe¯s} { ja¨b ə nalиəиsəs} joggle post [BUILD] 1. A post constructed of jobber’s reamer [DES ENG] A machine reamer two or more sections of lumber joined by joggles. that is solid with straight or helical flutes and 2. A king post with notches or shoulders at its taper shanks. { ja¨bиərz re¯иmər} lower end that provide support for the feet of job breakdown [IND ENG] Separation of an op- the struts. Also known as joggle piece. { ja¨gи eration into elements. Also known as opera- əl po¯ st } tion breakdown. { ja¨b bra¯k dau˙ n} Johansson block [DES ENG] A type of gage job characteristic See job factor. { ja¨b karиikи block ground to an accuracy of at least 1/100,000 tə risиtik } inch (0.25 micrometer). Also known as Jo block. job class [IND ENG] A group of jobs involving {jo hanиsən bla¨k} a similar type of work, difficulty of performance, joint [ELEC] A juncture of two wires or other or range of pay. Also known as job family; job conductive paths for current. [ENG] The sur- grade; labor grade. { ja¨b klas } face at which two or more mechanical or struc- job classification [IND ENG] Designating job tural components are united. { jo˙ int } classes on the basis of job factors or level of joint bar [CIV ENG] A rigid steel member used pay, or on the basis of job evaluation. { ja¨b иəи ə и ə in pairs to join, hold, and align rail ends. klas f ka¯ sh n} { jo˙ int ba¨r} job description [IND ENG] A detailed descrip- joint clearance [ENG] The distance between tion of the essential activities required to per- mating surfaces of a joint. { jo˙ int ¦klirиəns } form a task. { ja¨bdi skripиshən} jointed-arm robot [CONT SYS] A robot whose job design IND ENG The arrangement of tasks [ ] arm is constructed of rigid members connected over a work shift with the goal of achieving tech- by rotary joints. Also known as revolute-coordi- nological and organizational requirements as nate robot. { jo˙ inиtəd ¦a¨rm ro¯ ba¨t} well as reducing sources of fatigue and human jointer [ENG] 1. Any tool used to prepare, make, error. Also known as work design. { ja¨bdi or simulate joints, such as a plane for smoothing zı¯n} wood surfaces prior to joining them, or a hand job evaluation [IND ENG] Orderly qualitative appraisal of each job or position in an establish- tool for inscribing grooves in fresh cement. ment either by a point system for the specific 2. A file for making sawteeth the same height. job characteristics or by comparison of job fac- 3. An attachment to a plow that covers discarded tors; used for establishing a job hierarchy and material. 4. A worker who makes joints, particu- wage plans. { ja¨bi valиyə wa¯иshən} larly a construction worker who cuts stone to job factor [IND ENG] An essential job element proper fit. 5. A pipe of random length made from two joined, relatively short lengths. which provides a basis for selecting and training иə employees and establishing the wage plan for { jo˙ int r} the job. Also known as job characteristic. jointer gage [DES ENG] An attachment to a { ja¨b fakиtər} bench vise that holds a board at any angle de- иə Jo block See Johansson block. { jo¯ bla¨k} sired for planing. { jo˙ int r ga¯j} job plan [IND ENG] The organized approach to jointing [CIV ENG] Caulking of masonry joints. production management involving formal, step- [ENG] A basic woodworking process for trueing by-step procedures. { ja¨b plan } or smoothing one surface of a workpiece by using job safety analysis [IND ENG] A method of a single peripheral cutting head in order to pre- studying a job by breaking it down into its com- pare the workpiece for further processing. ponents to determine any possible hazards it { jo˙ intиiŋ } may involve and the qualifications needed by joint pole [ELEC] Pole used in common by two those who perform it. { ¦ja¨b ¦sa¯fиte¯ ə nalиəиsəs} or more utility companies. { jo˙ int po¯ l} job schedule [CONT SYS] A control program joint ring [DES ENG] A pipe-joint flange whose that selects from a job queue the next job to be outside diameter is less than the diameter of processed. { ja¨b skedиyu¨ l} the circle containing the connecting bolts and job shop [IND ENG] A manufacturing facility thus fits inside the bolts. { jo˙ int riŋ } that generates a variety of products in relatively joint space [CONT SYS] The space defined by a low numbers and in batch lots. { ja¨b sha¨p} vector whose components are the translational job stream [CONT SYS] A collection of jobs in a and angular displacements of each joint of a job queue. { ja¨b stre¯m} robotic link. { jo˙ int spa¯s} job study See job analysis. { ja¨b stədиe¯ } joist [CIV ENG] A steel or wood beam providing joggle [DES ENG] 1. A flangelike offset on a flat direct support for a floor. { jo˙ ist } piece of metal. 2. A projection or notch on a joist anchor See wall anchor. { jo˙ ist aŋиkər} sheet of building material to prevent protrusion. Jolly balance [ENG] A spring balance used to 3. A dowel for joining blocks of masonry. measure specific gravity of mineral specimens { ja¨gиəl} by weighing a specimen when in the air and joggle joint [CIV ENG] In masonry or stonework, when immersed in a liquid of known density. a joint between two blocks in which a projection { jalиe¯ balиəns }
307
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. jolt molding
jolt molding [ENG] A process for shaping refrac- Joule-Kelvin effect See Joule-Thomson effect. tory blocks in which a mold containing prepared { ju¨ l kelиvəni fekt } batch is jolted mechanically to consolidate the Joule’s law [ELEC] The law that when electricity material. { jo¯ lt ¦mo¯ lиdiŋ } flows through a substance, the rate of evolution Joly steam calorimeter [ENG] 1. A calorimeter of heat in watts equals the resistance of the in which the mass of steam that condenses on substance in ohms times the square of the cur- a specimen and a pan holding it is measured, rent in amperes. [THERMO] The law that at as well as the mass of steam that condenses on constant temperature the internal energy of a gas an empty pan. 2. See differential steam calo- tends to a finite limit, independent of volume, as rimeter. { ¦ja¨lиe¯ ¦ste¯m kalиə rimиədиər} the pressure tends to zero. { ju¨ lz lo˙ } jordan [MECH ENG] A machine or engine used Joule-Thomson coefficient [THERMO] The ra- to refine paper pulp, consisting of a rotating tio of the temperature change to the pressure cone, with cutters, that fits inside another cone, change of a gas undergoing isenthalpic expan- also with cutters. { jo˙ rdиən} sion. { ju¨ l ta¨mиsən ko¯ иə fishиənt } Jordan sunshine recorder [ENG] A sunshine Joule-Thomson effect [THERMO] A change of recorder in which the time scale is supplied by temperature in a gas undergoing Joule-Thomson the motion of the sun; it consists of two opaque expansion. Also known as Joule-Kelvin effect. metal semicylinders mounted with their curved { ju¨ l ta¨mиsəni fekt } surfaces facing each other; each of the semicylin- Joule-Thomson expansion [THERMO] The adi- ders has a short narrow slit in its flat side; sun- abatic, irreversible expansion of a fluid flowing light entering one of the slits falls on light-sensi- through a porous plug or partially opened valve. tive paper (blueprint paper) which lines the Also known as Joule-Thomson process. { ju¨ l curved side of the semicylinder. { jo˙ rdиən ta¨mиsənik spanиchən} sən shı¯nri ko˙ rdиər} Joule-Thomson inversion temperature [THERMO] joule [MECH] The unit of energy or work in the A temperature at which the Joule-Thomson coef- meter-kilogram-second system of units, equal to ficient of a given gas changes sign. { ¦ju¨ l ¦ta¨mи the work done by a force of 1 newton magnitude sənin vərиzhən temиprəиchər} when the point at which the force is applied is Joule-Thomson process See Joule-Thomson displaced 1 meter in the direction of the force. expansion. { ju¨ l ta¨mиsən pra¨иsəs} Symbolized J. Also known as newton-meter of journal [MECH ENG] That part of a shaft or crank energy. { ju¨ l or jau˙ l } which is supported by and turns in a bearing. Joule and Playfairs’ experiment [THERMO] An { jərnиəl} experiment in which the temperature of the max- journal bearing [MECH ENG] A cylindrical bear- imum density of water is measured by taking ing which supports a rotating cylindrical shaft. the mean of the temperatures of water in two { jərnиəl berиiŋ } columns whose densities are determined to be journal box [ENG] A metal housing for a journal equal from the absence of correction currents in bearing. { jərnиəl ba¨ks } a connecting trough. { ¦ju¨ l and pla¯ fa¯rz ik sperи journal friction [MECH ENG] Friction of the axle əиmənt } in a journal bearing arising mainly from viscous Joule calorimeter [ENG] Any electrically heated sliding friction between journal and lubricant. calorimeter, such as that used in the Griffiths { jərnиəl frikиshən} method. { ¦ju¨ l kalиə rimиədиər} joystick [ENG] A two-axis displacement control Joule cycle See Brayton cycle. { ju¨ l sı¯иkəl } operated by a lever or ball, for XY positioning of Joule equivalent [THERMO] The numerical rela- a device or an electron beam. { jo˙ i stik } tion between quantities of mechanical energy jumbo See drill carriage. { jəmиbo¯ } and heat; the present accepted value is 1 fifteen- jumper [ELEC] A short length of conductor used degrees calorie equals 4.1855 Ϯ 0.0005 joules. to make a connection between two points or Also known as mechanical equivalent of heat. terminals in a circuit or to provide a path around { ju¨ li kwivиəиlənt } a break in a circuit. { jəmиpər} Joule experiment [THERMO] 1. An experiment jumper tube [MECH ENG] A short tube used to to detect intermolecular forces in a gas, in which bypass the flow of fluid in a boiler or tubular one measures the heat absorbed when gas in a heater. { jəmp tu¨ b} small vessel is allowed to expand into a second jump phenomenon [CONT SYS] A phenomenon vessel which has been evacuated. 2. An experi- occurring in a nonlinear system subjected to a ment to measure the mechanical equivalent of sinusoidal input at constant frequency, in which heat, in which falling weights cause paddles to the value of the amplitude of the forced oscilla- rotate in a closed container of water whose tem- tion can jump upward or downward as the input perature rise is measured by a thermometer. amplitude is varied through either of two fixed { ju¨ lik sperиəиmənt } values, and the graph of the forced amplitude Joule heat [ELEC] The heat which is evolved versus the input amplitude follows a hysteresis when current flows through a medium having loop. { jəmp fə na¨mиəиnən} electrical resistance, as given by Joule’s law. jump resonance [CONT SYS] A jump disconti- { ju¨ l he¯t } nuity occurring in the frequency response of a
308
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. just ton
nonlinear closed-loop control system with satu- separate frequency bands for transmission over ration in the loop. { jəmp rezиənиəns } separate paths. { jəŋkиshən filиtər} junction [CIV ENG] A point of intersection of junction isolation [ELECTR] Electrical isolation roads or highways, especially where one termi- of a component on an integrated circuit by sur- nates. [ELEC] See major node. [ELECTR] A rounding it with a region of a conductivity type region of transition between two different semi- that forms a junction, and reverse-biasing the conducting regions in a semiconductor device, junction so it has extremely high resistance. such as a pn junction, or between a metal and { jəŋkиshən ¯ıиsə la¯иshən} a semiconductor. { jəŋkиshən} junction phenomena [ELECTR] Phenomena junction box [ENG] A protective enclosure into which occur at the boundary between two semi- which wires or cables are led and connected to conductor materials, or a semiconductor and a form joints. Also known as J box. { jəŋkи metal, such as the existence of an electrostatic shən ba¨ks } potential in the absence of current flow, and junction capacitance See barrier capacitance. large injection currents which may arise when { jəŋkиshənkə pasиədиəns } external voltages are applied across the junction junction capacitor [ELECTR] An integrated-cir- in one direction. { jəŋkиshənfə na¨mиəиnə } cuit capacitor that uses the capacitance of a re- junction pole [ELEC] Pole at the end of a trans- verse-biased pn junction. { jəŋkиshənkə¦pasи position section of an open-wire line or the pole ədиər } common to two adjacent transposition sections. junction diode [ELECTR] A semiconductor di- { jəŋkиshən po¯ l} ode in which the rectifying characteristics occur junction rectifier See junction diode. { jəŋkиshən at an alloy, diffused, electrochemical, or grown ¦rekиtə fı¯иər} junction between n-type and p-type semiconduc- junction transistor [ELECTR] A transistor in tor materials. Also known as junction rectifier. which emitter and collector barriers are formed { jəŋkиshən ¦dı¯ o¯ d } between semiconductor regions of opposite con- junction field-effect transistor [ELECTR] A ductivity type. { jəŋkиshən tran¦zisиtər} field-effect transistor in which there is normally Junkers engine [MECH ENG] A double- a channel of relatively low-conductivity semicon- opposed-piston, two-cycle internal combustion ductor joining the source and drain, and this engine with intake and exhaust ports at opposite channel is reduced and eventually cut off by ends of the cylinder. { yu˙ ŋиkərz enиjən} junction depletion regions, reducing the con- just-in-time [IND ENG] A systems approach to ductivity, when a voltage is applied between the developing and operating a manufacturing gate electrodes. Abbreviated JFET. { jəŋkи system so that the least amount of resources is shən fe¯ld i fekt tran¦zisиtər} expended in producing the final products. junction filter [ELECTR] A combination of a Abbreviated JIT. { ¦jəst in tı¯m} high-pass and a low-pass filter that is used to just ton See ton. { jəst tən}
309
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. This page intentionally left blank.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. K
K See cathode. that they rotate with constant angular velocity, Kalman filter [CONT SYS] A linear system in while the other two pistons are controlled by which the mean squared error between the de- a gear-and-crank mechanism, so that angular sired output and the actual output is minimized velocity varies. { kau˙ иərts enиjən} when the input is a random signal generated by kb See kilobar. white noise. { kalиmən filиtər} kcal See kilocalorie. kanban [IND ENG] An inventory control system keel block [CIV ENG] A docking block used to for tracking the flow of in-process materials support a ship’s keel. { ke¯l bla¨k} through the various operations of a just-in-time kellering [MECH ENG] Three-dimensional ma- production process. Kanban means ‘‘card’’ or chining of a contoured surface by tracer-milling ‘‘ticket’’ in Japanese. { ¦kan¦ban } the die block or punch; the cutter path is con- Kapitza balance [ENG] A magnetic balance for trolled by a tracer that follows the contours on measuring susceptibilities of materials in large a die model. { kelиəиriŋ } magnetic fields that are applied for brief periods. Kellogg equation [THERMO] An equation of {ka pitиsə balиəns } state for a gas, of the form CHEM ENG Kapitza expander [ ] Reciprocating- ϱ piston gas expander used for helium liquefac- ϭ ϩ Ϫ Ϫ 2 n tion; relies on close fit rather than packing or p RT ͚ [bnT an (cn//T )] ϭ rings on the pistons. { ka¨иpitиsə ik¦spanиdər} n 2 Kaplan turbine [MECH ENG] A propeller-type where p is the pressure, T the absolute tempera- hydraulic turbine in which the positions of the ture, the density, R the gas constant, and a , runner blades and the wicket gates are adjust- n b , and c are constants. { kel a¨gi kwa¯иzhən} able for load change with sustained efficiency. n n и ə ə и ə Kelly ball test [ENG] A test for the consistency { kap l n t r b n} of concrete using the penetration of a half Karrer method [CHEM ENG] An industrial sphere; a 1-inch (2.5-centimeter) penetration by method for the chemical synthesis of riboflavin. иə иə the Kelly ball corresponds to about 2 inches (5 { kar r meth d} centimeters) of slump. { kelиe¯ bo˙ l test } Kata thermometer [ENG] An alcohol thermom- kelvin [ELEC] A name formerly given to the kilo- eter used to measure low velocities in air circula- watt-hour. Also known as thermal volt. tion, by heating the large bulb of the thermome- [THERMO] A unit of absolute temperature equal ter above 100ЊF (38ЊC) and noting the time it to 1/273.16 of the absolute temperature of the takes to cool from 100 to 95ЊF (38 to 35ЊC) or triple point of water. Symbolized K. Formerly some other interval above ambient temperature, known as degree Kelvin. { kelиvən} the time interval being a measure of the air cur- Kelvin absolute temperature scale [THERMO] A rent at that location. { kadиə thər mamиədиər} temperature scale in which the ratio of the tem- Kater’s reversible pendulum [MECH] A gravity peratures of two reservoirs is equal to the ratio pendulum designed to measure the acceleration of the amount of heat absorbed from one of of gravity and consisting of a body with two knife- them by a heat engine operating in a Carnot cycle edge supports on opposite sides of the center to the amount of heat rejected by this engine to of mass. { ka¯иdərz ri¦vərиsəиbəl penиjəиləm} the other reservoir; the temperature of the triple katharometer [ENG] An instrument for de- point of water is defined as 273.16 K. Also tecting the presence of small quantities of gases known as Kelvin temperature scale. { kelиvən in air by measuring the resulting change in ther- ¦abиsə lu¯ t temиprəиchər ska¯l} mal conductivity of the air. Also known as ther- Kelvin body [MECH] An ideal body whose mal conductivity cell. { kathиə ra¨mиədиər} shearing (tangential) stress is the sum of a term Kauertz engine [MECH ENG] A type of cat-and- proportional to its deformation and a term pro- mouse rotary engine in which the pistons are portional to the rate of change of its deformation vanes which are sections of a right circular cylin- with time. Also known as Voigt body. { kelи drtopistons are attached to one rotor so vən ba¨dиe¯ }der;two
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Kelvin bridge
Kelvin bridge [ELEC] A specialized version of changes occur; rather, a uniformly contracting the Wheatstone bridge network designed to scale is used to determine the effective height eliminate, or greatly reduce, the effect of lead of the mercury column. { kyu¨ bə ra¨mиədиər} and contact resistance, and thus permit accurate key [BUILD] 1. Plastering that is forced between measurement of low resistance. Also known as laths to secure the rest of the plaster in place. double bridge; Kelvin network; Thomson bridge. 2. The roughening on a surface to be glued or { kelиvən brij } plastered to increase adhesiveness. [CIV Kelvin equation [THERMO] An equation giving ENG] A projecting portion that serves to prevent the increase in vapor pressure of a substance movement of parts at a construction joint. which accompanies an increase in curvature of [DES ENG] 1. An instrument that is inserted into its surface; the equation describes the greater a lock to operate the bolt. 2. A device used rate of evaporation of a small liquid droplet as to move in some manner in order to secure or compared to that of a larger one, and the greater tighten. 3. One of the levers of a keyboard. solubility of small solid particles as compared to 4. See machine key. [ELEC] 1. A hand-oper- и ə и ə that of larger particles. { kel v nikwa¯ zh n} ated switch used for transmitting code signals. и ə Kelvin network See Kelvin bridge. { kel v n Also known as signaling key. 2. A special lever- ə net w rk } type switch used for opening or closing a circuit Kelvin scale [THERMO] The basic scale used for only as long as the handle is depressed. Also temperature definition; the triple point of water known as switching key. [ENG] The pieces of (comprising ice, liquid, and vapor) is defined as core causing a block in a core barrel, the removal 273.16 K; given two reservoirs, a reversible heat of which allows the rest of the core in the barrel engine is built operating in a cycle between to slide out. { ke¯ } them, and the ratio of their temperatures is de- key activity [IND ENG] An activity that pos- fined to be equal to the ratio of the heats trans- sesses major significance. Also known as mile- ferred. { kelиvən ska¯l} stone activity. { ¦ke¯ ak tivиədиe¯ } Kelvin’s statement of the second law of thermody- keyboard [ENG] A set of keys or control levers namics [THERMO] The statement that it is not having a systematic arrangement and used to possible that, at the end of a cycle of changes, operate a machine or other piece of equipment heat has been extracted from a reservoir and such as a typewriter, typesetter, processing unit an equal amount of work has been produced without producing some other effect. { kelи of a computer, or piano. { ke¯ bo˙ rd } keyboard perforator ENG A typewriterlike de- vənz sta¯tиmənt əvth ə sekиənd lo˙ əv thərиmo¯ и [ ] dı¯ namиiks } vice that prepares punched paper tape for com- munications or computing equipment. { ke¯ Kelvin temperature scale [THERMO] 1. An In- ə и ə иə ternational Temperature Scale which agrees with bo˙ rd p r f ra¯d r} the Kelvin absolute temperature scale within the Keyes equation [THERMO] An equation of state limits of experimental determination. 2. See of a gas which is designed to correct the van Kelvin absolute temperature scale. { kelиvən der Waals equation for the effect of surrounding temиprəиchər skal} molecules on the term representing the volume ¯ и ə Kennedy and Pancu circle [MECH] For a har- of a molecule. { ke¯zikwa¯ zh n} monic oscillator subject to hysteretic damping Keyes process [CHEM ENG] A distillation proc- and subjected to a sinusoidally varying force, a ess used to obtain absolute alcohol; benzene is plot of the in-phase and quadrature components added to a constant-boiling 95% alcohol-water of the displacement of the oscillator as the fre- solution, and on distillation anhydrous alcohol и quency of the applied vibration is varied. { ¦kenи leaves the bottom of the column. { ke¯z pra¨ ə əиde¯ ən pa¨nиchu¨ sərиkəl} s s} Kennedy key [DES ENG] A square taper key fit- key grasp See pinch grasp. { ke¯ grasp } ted into a keyway of square section and driven keyhole [DES ENG] A hole or a slot for receiving from opposite ends of the hub. { kenиəиde¯ ke¯ } a key. { ke¯ ho¯ l} kerf [ENG] A cut made in wood, metal, or other keyhole saw [DES ENG] A fine compass saw material by a saw or cutting torch. { kərf } with a blade 11–16 inches (28–41 centimeters) Kern counter See dust counter. { kərn ¦kau˙ nиtər} long. { ke¯ ho¯ l so˙ } ketene lamp [CHEM ENG] An electrically heated keying [CIV ENG] Establishing a mechanical Chromel filament by the means of which acetone bond in a construction joint. [ELEC] The is hydrolyzed to produce ketene. { ke¯ te¯n forming of signals, such as for telegraph trans- lamp } mission, by modulating a direct-current or other kettle reboiler [CHEM ENG] Tube-and-shell carrier between discrete values of some charac- heat exchange device in which liquid is vaporized teristic. { ke¯иiŋ } on the shell side from heat transferred from hot key job [IND ENG] A job that has been evalu- liquid flowing through the tubes; dome space ated and is considered representative of similar allows liquid-vapor separation above the tube jobs in the same labor market and is used as a bundle. { kedиəlre¯ bo˙ ilиər} benchmark to evaluate the similar jobs and to Kew barometer [ENG] A type of cistern barome- establish non-key-job wages. { ke¯ ja¨b} ter; no adjustment is made for the variation of key joint [CIV ENG] A mortar joint with a con- the level of mercury in the cistern as pressure cave pointing. { ke¯ jo˙ int }
312
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. king post
key seat See keyway. { ke¯ se¯t } at Se`vres, France. Abbreviated kg. 2. See kilo- keyseater [MECH ENG] A machine for milling gram force. { kilиə gram } beds or grooves in mechanical parts which re- kilogram-calorie See kilocalorie. { kilиə gram ceive keys. { ke¯ se¯dиər} kalиəиre¯ } keyway [DES ENG] 1. An opening in a lock for kilogram force [MECH] A unit of force equal to passage of a flat metal key. 2. The pocket in the weight of a 1-kilogram mass at a point on the driven element to provide a driving surface the earth’s surface where the acceleration of grav- 2 for the key. 3. A groove or channel for a key in ity is 9.80665 m/s . Abbreviated kgf. Also any mechanical part. Also known as key seat. known as kilogram (kg); kilogram weight (kg-wt). { kilиə gram fo˙ rs } [ENG] An interlocking channel or groove in a иə cement or wood joint to provide reinforce- kilogram-meter See meter-kilogram. { kil gram medиər} ment. { ke¯ wa¯ } ¯ kilogram weight See kilogram force. { kilи keyword spotting [ENG ACOUS] An approach to ə gram wa¯t} task-oriented speech understanding through de- kiloliter [MECH] A unit of volume equal to 1000 tecting a limited number of keywords that would liters or to 1 cubic meter. Abbreviated kl. most likely express the intent of a speaker, rather { kilиə le¯dиər} than attempting to recognize every word in an kilometer MECH A unit of length equal to 1000 ə и ŋ [ ] utterance. { ke¯ w rd spa¨t i } meters. Abbreviated km. { kilиə me¯dиər} kg See kilogram; kilogram force. kilowatt-hour [ELEC] A unit of energy or work kg-cal See kilocalorie. equal to 1000 watt-hours. Abbreviated kWh; kgf See kilogram force. kW-hr. Also known as Board of Trade Unit. kgf-m See meter-kilogram. { kilиə wa¨t au˙ r} kg-wt See kilogram force. kinematically admissible motion [MECH] Any kickback [MECH ENG] A backward thrust, such motion of a mechanical system which is geomet- as the backward starting of an internal combus- rically compatible with the constraints. { kinи tion engine as it is cranked, or the reverse push ə¦madиəиkle¯ id¦misиəиbəl mo¯ иshən} of a piece of work as it is fed to a rotary saw. kinematics [MECH] The study of the motion of { kik bak } a system of material particles without reference kickdown [MECH ENG] 1. Shifting to lower gear to the forces which act on the system. { ¦kinи in an automotive vehicle. 2. The device for ə¦madиiks } shifting. { kik dau˙ n} kinetic energy [MECH] The energy which a body kick over [MECH ENG] To start firing; applied to possesses because of its motion; in classical me- internal combustion engines. { kik o¯ иvər} chanics, equal to one-half of the body’s mass kickpipe [BUILD] A short pipe protecting an times the square of its speed. { kə nedиik enи electrical cable at the point where it emerges ərиje¯ } from a floor. { kik pı¯p} kinetic equilibrium See dynamic equilibrium. ə и и ə и иə kickplate [BUILD] A plate used on the bottom {k ned ik e¯ kw lib re¯ m} of doors and cabinets or on the risers of steps kinetic friction [MECH] The friction between to protect them from shoe marks. Also known two surfaces which are sliding over each other. ə и и ə as toeplate. { kik pla¯t} {k ned ik frik sh n} Kick’s law [ENG] The law that the energy kinetic momentum [MECH] The momentum needed to crush a solid material to a specified which a particle possesses because of its motion; fraction of its original size is the same, regardless in classical mechanics, equal to the particle’s mass times its velocity. { kə nedиik mə menи of the original size of the feed material. ə { kiks lo˙ } t m} kinetic potential See Lagrangian. { kə nedиik kick starter [MECH ENG] A mechanism for start- ə и ə ing the operation of a motor by thrusting with p ten ch l} kinetic reaction [MECH] The negative of the the foot. { kik sta¨rdиər} mass of a body multiplied by its acceleration. kick wheel [ENG] A potter’s wheel worked by a {kə nedиik re¯ akиshən} foot pedal. { kik we¯l} kinetics [MECH] The dynamics of material bod- kiln [ENG] A heated enclosure used for drying, ies. { kə nedиiks } burning, or firing materials such as ore or ceram- king closer [CIV ENG] In masonry work, a rect- ics. { kil } angular brick having one corner cut diagonally kilobar [MECH] A unit of pressure equal to 1000 to half the end of the brick and used to fill an bars (100 megapascals). Abbreviated kb. opening in a course larger than half a brick. иə { kil ba¨r} Also known as beveled closer. { ¦kiŋ ¦klo¯ zиər} kilocalorie [THERMO] A unit of heat energy kingpin [MECH ENG] The pin for articulation be- equal to 1000 calories. Abbreviated kcal. Also tween an automobile stub axle and an axle-beam known as kilogram-calorie (kg-cal); large calorie or steering head. Also known as swivel pin. (Cal). { kilиə kalиəиre¯ } { kiŋ pin } kilogram [MECH] 1. The unit of mass in the me- king post [BUILD] In a roof truss, the central ter-kilogram-second system, equal to the mass vertical member against which the rafters abut of the international prototype kilogram stored and which supports the tie beam. { kiŋ po¯ st }
313
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. king post truss
king post truss [BUILD] A wooden roof truss laws from which the effect of blast at high alti- having two principal rafters held by a horizontal tudes may be inferred, based upon observed re- tie beam, a king post upright between tie beam sults at ground level. { kərk wu˙ d briŋkиle¯z and ridge, and usually two struts to the rafters the¯иəиre¯ } from a thickening at the king post foot. { kiŋ kiss-roll coating [ENG] Procedure for coating a po¯ st trəs} substrate web in which the coating roll carries kink [ENG] A tightened loop in a wire rope re- a metered film of coating material; part of the sulting in permanent deformation and damage film transfers to the web, part remains on the to the wire. { kiŋk} roll. { kis ro¯ l ko¯ dиiŋ } kip [MECH] A 1000-pound (453.6-kilogram) kl See kiloliter. load. { kip } klaxon [ENG ACOUS] A diaphragm horn some- и ə Kirchhoff formula [THERMO] A formula for the times operated by hand. { klak s n} dependence of vapor pressure p on temperature klydonograph [ENG] A device attached to elec- T, valid over limited temperature ranges; it may tric power lines for estimating certain electrical be written log p ϭ A Ϫ (B/T) Ϫ C log T, where A, characteristics of lightning by means of the fig- B, and C are constants. { kərk ho¯ f fo˙ rиmyəиlə } ures produced on photographic film by the light- Kirchhoff’s current law [ELEC] The law that at ning-produced surge carried over the lines; the any given instant the sum of the instantaneous size of the figure is a function of the potential values of all the currents flowing toward a point and polarity of the lightning discharge. иə is equal to the sum of instantaneous values of { klı¯ da¨n graf } all the currents flowing away from the point. km See kilometer. Also known as Kirchhoff’s first law. { kərk ho¯ fs knapping hammer [ENG] A steel hammer used əи ə for breaking and shaping stone. { napиiŋ k r nt lo˙ } иə Kirchhoff’s equations [THERMO] Equations ham r} which state that the partial derivative of the knee [MECH ENG] In a knee-and-column type change of enthalpy (or of internal energy) during of milling machine, the part which supports the a reaction, with respect to temperature, at con- saddle and table and which can move vertically stant pressure (or volume) equals the change in on the column. { ne¯ } heat capacity at constant pressure (or volume). knee brace [BUILD] A stiffener between a col- umn and a supported truss or beam to provide { kərk ho¯ fs i kwa¯иzhənz } greater rigidity in a building frame under trans- Kirchhoff’s first law See Kirchhoff’s current law. verse loads. { ne¯ bra¯s} { kərk ho¯ fs fərst lo˙ } knee frequency See break frequency. { ne¯ fre¯и Kirchhoff’s law [ELEC] Either of the two funda- kwənиse¯ } mental laws dealing with the relation of currents kneeler [CIV ENG] In masonry, a stone cut to at a junction and voltages around closed loops in provide a break in the horizontal-vertical pattern an electric network; they are known as Kirchhoff’s to begin the curve or angle of an arch or vault. current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law. { ne¯lиər} [THERMO] The law that the ratio of the emissiv- knee pad [ENG] A protective cushion, usually ity of a heat radiator to the absorptivity of the made of sponge rubber, that can be strapped to same radiator is the same for all bodies, de- a worker’s knee. { ne¯ pad } pending on frequency and temperature alone, knee rafter [BUILD] A brace placed diagonally and is equal to the emissivity of a blackbody. between a principal rafter and a tie beam. { ne¯ Also known as Kirchhoff’s principle. { kərk и ə raf t r} ho¯ fs lo˙ } knee switch [ENG] A control mechanism oper- Kirchhoff’s principle See Kirchhoff’s law. ated with knee movements by a seated worker. ə и əи ə { k rk ho¯ fs prin s p l} { ne¯ swich } Kirchhoff’s second law See Kirchhoff’s voltage law. knee tool [MECH ENG] A tool holder with a ə иə { k rk ho¯ fs sek nd lo˙ } shape resembling a knee, such as the holder for Kirchhoff’s voltage law [ELEC] The law that at simultaneous cutting and interval operations on each instant of time the algebraic sum of the a screw machine or turret lathe. { ne¯ tu¨ l} voltage rises around a closed loop in a network knee wall [BUILD] A partition that forms a side is equal to the algebraic sum of the voltage wall or supports roof rafters under a pitched roof. drops, both being taken in the same direction { ne¯ wo˙ l} around the loop. Also known as Kirchhoff’s sec- knife [DES ENG] A sharp-edged blade for cut- ond law. { kərk ho¯ fs vo¯ lиtij lo˙ } ting. { nı¯f} Kirchhoff vapor pressure formula [THERMO] knife coating [ENG] Procedure for coating a An approximate formula for the variation of continuous-web substrate in which coating vapor pressure p with temperature T, valid over thickness is controlled by the distance between a limited temperature range; it is In p ϭ the substrate and a movable knife or bar. { nı¯f A Ϫ B/T Ϫ C In T, where A, B, and C are constants. ko¯ dиiŋ } { ¦kirch ho¯ f va¯иpər preиshər fo˙ rиmyəиlə } knife-edge [DES ENG] A sharp narrow edge re- Kirkwood-Brinkely’s theory [MECH] In termi- sembling that of a knife, such as the fulcrum for a nal ballistics, a theory formulating the scaling lever arm in a measuring instrument. { nı¯f ej }
314
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Kullenberg piston corer
knife-edge bearing [MECH ENG] A balance is an electrically heated plate. { kə nu¨ dиsən beam or lever arm fulcrum in the form of a hard- ga¯j} ened steel wedge; used to minimize friction. Knudsen-Langmuir equation [CHEM ENG] Rel- { nı¯f ej berиiŋ } ationship of molecular distillation rate to vapor knife-edge cam follower [DES ENG] A cam fol- saturation pressure, solution temperature, and lower having a sharp narrow edge or point like molecular weight during evaporation and no-re- that of a knife; useful in developing cam profile cycle condensation. { kə nu¨ dиsən laŋ myu˙ r relationships. { nı¯f ej kam fa¨lиəиwər} i kwa¯иzhən} knife file [DES ENG] A tapered file with a thin Knudsen reversing water bottle [ENG] A type triangular cross section resembling that of a of frameless reversing bottle for collecting water knife. { nı¯f fı¯l} samples; carries reversing thermometers. ə и ə ¦ ə и ŋ иə иə knife switch [ELEC] An electric switch con- {k nu¨ d s nriv rs i wo˙ d r ba¨d l} sisting of a metal blade hinged at one end to a Knudsen vacuum gage [ENG] Device to meas- stationary jaw, so that the blade can be pushed ure negative gas pressures; a rotatable vane is over to make contact between spring clips. moved by the pressure of heated molecules, pro- { nıf swich } portionately to the concentration of molecules ¯ ə и ə и ə knob [DES ENG] A component that is placed on in the system. { k nu¨ d s n vak y m ga¯j} a control shaft to facilitate manual rotation of knurl [ENG] To provide a surface, usually a metal, with small ridges or knobs to ensure a the shaft; sometimes has a pointer or markings ə to indicate shaft position. { na¨b} firm grip or as a decorative feature. { n rl } Kolosov-Muskhelishvili formulas MECH For- knocker See shell knocker. { na¨kиər} [ ] mulas which express plane strain and plane knock intensity [ENG] The intensity of knock (detonation) recorded when testing a motor gas- stress in terms of two holomorphic functions of the complex variable z ϭ x ϩ iy, where x and oline for octane or knock rating. { na¨kin tenи y are plane coordinates. { ¦ko¯ lиə so˙ f mu˙ sh kelи sədиe¯ } ish vilиe¯ fo˙ rиmyəиləz} knockmeter [ENG] A fuels-testing device used konimeter [ENG] An air-sampling device used to measure the output of the detonation meter to measure dust as in a cement mill or a mine; used in American Society for Testing and Materi- a measured volume of air drawn through a jet als knock-test ratings of motor fuels. { na¨k иə impacts on a glycerin-jelly-coated glass surface; me¯d r} the particles are counted with a microscope. knock-off MECH ENG 1. The automatic stop- [ ] {ko¯ nimиədиər} ping of a machine when it is operating improp- koniscope [ENG] An instrument which indi- erly. 2. The device that causes automatic stop- cates the presence of dust particles in the atmos- ping. { na¨k o˙ f} иə phere. Also spelled coniscope. { ka¨n knock-off bit See detachable bit. { na¨k o˙ f bit } sko¯ p} knockout [ENG] A partially cutout piece in kraft process See sulfate pulping. { kraft pra¨и metal or plastic that can be forced out when a ə s s} hole is needed. { na¨k au˙ t} kraft pulping See sulfate pulping. { kraft pəlpи knockout pin See ejector pin. { na¨k au˙ t pin } iŋ } knockout vessel [CHEM ENG] A vessel, drum, Kremser formula [CHEM ENG] Equation for cal- or trap used to remove fluid droplets from flow- culating distillation-column material balances иə ing gases. { na¨k au˙ t ves l} and equilibrium, assuming the ideal distribution knock rating [ENG] Rating of gasolines ac- law, that is, the concentrations in the two phases и cording to knocking tendency. { na¨k au˙ t ra¯d (vapor and liquid) are proportional to each other. ŋ i } { kremиzər fo˙ rиmyəиlə } known-good die [ELECTR] An unpackaged, fully Krigar-Menzel law [MECH] A generalization of tested integrated circuit chip. { no¯ n ¦gu˙ d dı¯ } the second Young-Helmholtz law which states knuckle joint [DES ENG] A hinge joint between that when a string is bowed at a point which is two rods in which an eye on one piece fits be- at a distance of p/q times the string’s length from tween two flat projections with eyes on the other one of the ends, where p and q are relative piece and is retained by a round pin. { nəkи primes, then the string moves back and forth əl jo˙ int } with two constant velocities, one of which is knuckle joint press [MECH ENG] A short-stroke q Ϫ 1 times as large as the other. { ¦kre¯иgər press in which the slide is actuated by a crank menzиəl lo˙ } attached to a knuckle joint hinge. { nəkиəl kryptoclimate See cryptoclimate. { ¦kripиto¯ klı¯и jo˙ int pres } mət} knuckle pin [DES ENG] The pin of a knuckle K truss [BUILD] A building truss in the form of joint. { nəkиəl pin } a K due to the orientation of the vertical member knuckle post [MECH ENG] A post which acts as and two oblique members in each panel. the pivot for the steering knuckle in an automo- { ka¯ trəs} bile. { nəkиəl po¯ st } Kullenberg piston corer [MECH ENG] A piston- Knudsen gage [ENG] An instrument for mea- operated coring device used to obtain 2-inch- suring very low pressures, which measures the diameter (5-centimeter) core samples. { kəlи force of a gas on a cold plate beside which there ən bərg pisиtən ko˙ rиər}
315
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. kWh
kWh See kilowatt-hour. kymograph [IND ENG] A device used to meas- kW-hr See kilowatt-hour. ure extremely short work time intervals by using kyanize [CHEM ENG] To saturate wood with a system of transducers that are activated by an mercuric chloride as a decay preventive. { kı¯и operator performing a job, with the impulses ə nı¯z } recorded as a function of time. { kı¯иmə graf }
316
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. L
l See liter. lactometer [ENG] A hydrometer used to meas- L See liter. ure the specific gravity of milk. { lak ta¨mиədиər} labeled cargo [IND ENG] Cargo of a dangerous ladder [ENG] A structure, often portable, for nature, such as explosives and flammable or cor- climbing up and down; consists of two parallel rosive liquids, which is designated by different- sides joined by a series of crosspieces that serve colored labels to indicate the requirements for as footrests. { ladиər} special handling and storage. { la¯иbəld ka¨rи ladder-bucket dredge See bucket-ladder dredge. go¯ } { ladиər ¦bəkиət drej } laboratory coordinate system [MECH] A refer- ladder diagram [CONT SYS] A diagram used to ence frame attached to the laboratory of the program a programmable controller, in which observer, in contrast to the center-of-mass sys- power flows through a network of relay contacts tem. { labиrə to˙ rиe¯ ko¯ o˙ rdиən ət sisиtəm} arranged in horizontal rows called rungs between labor cost [IND ENG] That part of the cost of two vertical rails on the side of the diagram con- goods and services attributable to wages, espe- taining the symbolic power. { ladиər dı¯иə cially for direct labor. { la¯иbər ko˙ st } gram } иə labor factor [IND ENG] The ratio of the number ladder ditcher See ladder trencher. { lad r ¦ иə of hours required to perform a task under project dich r} и conditions to the number of hours required to ladder dredge See bucket-ladder dredge. { lad ə ¦ perform an identical task under standard condi- r drej } tions of work measurement. { la¯иbər fakиtər} ladder drilling [MECH ENG] An arrangement of retractable drills with pneumatic powered legs labor relations [IND ENG] The management function that deals with a company’s work force; mounted on banks of steel ladders connected to usually the term is restricted to relations with a holding frame; used in large-scale rock tunnel- ing, with the advantage that many drills can be organized labor. { la¯иbərri la¯иshənz } worked at the same time by a small labor force. labyrinth ENG ACOUS A loudspeaker enclo- [ ] { ladиər drilиiŋ } sure having air chambers at the rear that absorb ladder jack [ENG] A scaffold support which rearward-radiated acoustic energy, to prevent it hooks onto a ladder. { ladиər jak } from interfering with the desired forward-radi- иə ladder track [CIV ENG] A main track that joins ated energy. { lab rinth } successive body tracks in a railroad yard. { ladи labyrinth seal [ENG] A minimum-leakage seal ər trak } that offers resistance to fluid flow while provid- ladder trencher [MECH ENG] A machine that ing radial or axial clearance; a labyrinth of cir- digs trenches by means of a bucket-ladder exca- cumferential knives or touch points provides for vator. Also known as ladder ditcher. { ladиər successive expansion of the fluid being piped; ¦trenchиər} used for gas pipes, steam engines, and turbines. ladle [DES ENG] A deep-bowled spoon with a { labиə rinth se¯l} long handle for dipping up, transporting, and lacing [CIV ENG] 1. A lightweight metallic piece pouring liquids. { la¯dиəl} that is fixed diagonally to two channels or four lag [CIV ENG] A flat piece of material, usually angle sections, forming a composite strut. wood, used to wedge timber or steel supports 2. A course of brick, stone, or tiles in a wall of against the ground and to make secure the space rubble to give strength. 3. A course of upright between supports. [ELECTR] A persistence of bricks forming a bond between two or more arch the electric charge image in a camera tube for a rings. 4. Distribution steel in a slab of rein- small number of frames. { lag } forced concrete. 5. A light timber fastened to lagan [ENG] A heavy object thrown overboard pairs of struts or walings in the timbering of and buoyed to mark its location for future recov- excavations (including mines). [ELEC] Tying ery. { lagиən} insulated wires together to support each other lag bolt See coach screw. { lag bo¯ lt } and form a single neat cable, with separately lagging [CIV ENG] 1. Horizontal wooden strips laced branches. { la¯sиiŋ } fastened across an arch under construction
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. lagging network
Ϫ to transfer weight to the centering form. lambda [MECH] A unit of volume equal to 10 6 2. Wooden members positioned vertically to pre- liter or 10Ϫ9 cubic meter. { lamиdə } vent cave-ins in earthworking. { lagиiŋ } lambda dispatch [IND ENG] The solution of the lagging network See integral network. { lagиiŋ problem of finding the most economical use of net wərk } generators to supply a given quantity of electric lag-lead network See lead-lag network. { lag power, using the method of Lagrange multipli- le¯d net wərk } ers, which are symbolized .{ lamиdə di lag network See integral network. { lag net spach } wərk } lambda point [THERMO] A temperature at Lagrange bracket [MECH] Given two functions which the specific heat of a substance has a of coordinates and momenta in a system, their sharply peaked maximum, observed in many sec- Lagrange bracket is an expression measuring ond-order transitions. { lamиdə po˙ int } how coordinates and momenta change jointly Lambert surface [THERMO] An ideal, perfectly with respect to the two functions. { lə gra¨nj diffusing surface for which the intensity of re- brakиət } flected radiation is independent of direction. Lagrange function See Lagrangian. { lə gra¨nj { lamиbərt sərиfəs} fəŋkиshən} Lame´ constants [MECH] Two constants which Lagrange-Hamilton theory [MECH] The formal- relate stress to strain in an isotropic, elastic ma- ized study of continuous systems in terms of terial. { la¨ ma¯ ka¨nиstəns } field variables where a Lagrangian density func- lamella [CIV ENG] A thin member made of rein- tion and Hamiltonian density function are intro- forced concrete, metal, or wood that is joined duced to produce equations of motion. with similar members in an overlapping pattern {lə gra¨nj hamиəlиtən the¯иəиre¯ } to form an arch or a vault. { lə melиə } Lagrange’s equations [MECH] Equations of lamella arch [CIV ENG] An arch consisting basi- motion of a mechanical system for which a classi- cally of a series of intersecting skewed arches cal (non-quantum-mechanical) description is made up of relatively short straight members; suitable, and which relate the kinetic energy of two members are bolted, riveted, or welded to the system to the generalized coordinates, the a third piece at its center. { lə melиə a¨rch } generalized forces, and the time. Also known lamella roof [BUILD] A large span vault built of as Lagrangian equations of motion. { lə gra¨nи members connected in a diamond pattern. jəzi kwa¯иzhənz } { lə melиə ru¨ f} Lagrangian [MECH] 1. The difference between laminated spring [DES ENG] A flat or curved the kinetic energy and the potential energy of a spring made of thin superimposed plates and system of particles, expressed as a function of forming a cantilever or beam of uniform strength. generalized coordinates and velocities from { lamиə na¯dиəd spriŋ } which Lagrange’s equations can be derived. Lami’s theorem [MECH] When three forces act Also known as kinetic potential; Lagrange func- on a particle in equilibrium, the magnitude of tion. 2. For a dynamical system of fields, a func- each is proportional to the sine of the angle tion which plays the same role as the Lagrangian between the other two. { la me¯z thirиəm} of a system of particles; its integral over a time lamp [ENG] A device that produces light, such interval is a maximum or a minimum with re- as an electric lamp. { lamp } spect to infinitesimal variations of the fields, lamphouse [ENG] 1. The light housing in a mo- provided the initial and final fields are held fixed. tion picture projector, located behind the projec- {lə gra¨nиje¯иən} tor head ordinarily consisting of a carbon arc Lagrangian coordinates See generalized coordi- lamp operating on direct current at about 60 nates. { lə gra¨nиje¯иənko o˙ rdиənиəts } volts, a concave reflector behind the arc which Lagrangian density [MECH] For a dynamical collects the light and concentrates it on the film, system of fields or continuous media, a function and cooling devices. 2. A box with a small hole of the fields, of their time and space derivatives, containing an electric lamp and a concave mirror and the coordinates and time, whose integral behind it, used as a concentrated source of light over space is the Lagrangian. { lə gra¨nиje¯иən in a microscope, photographic enlarger, or other denи sədиe¯ } instrument. { lamp hau˙ s} Lagrangian equations of motion See Lagrange’s Lancashire boiler [MECH ENG] A cylindrical equations. { lə gra¨nиje¯иəni¦kwa¯иzhənz əv mo¯ и steam boiler consisting of two longitudinal fur- shən } nace tubes which have internal grates at the Lagrangian function [MECH] The function front. { laŋиkəиshir bo˙ ilиər} which measures the difference between the ki- lance door [MECH ENG] The door to a boiler netic and potential energy of a dynamical sys- furnace through which a hand lance is inserted. tem. { lə gra¨nиje¯иən fəŋkиshən} { lans do˙ r} Lagrangian generalized velocity See generalized Lanchester balancer [MECH ENG] A device for velocity. { lə gra¨nиje¯иən ¦jenиrə lı¯zd və la¨sиədиe¯ } balancing four-cylinder engines; consists of two lag screw See coach screw. { lag skru¨ } meshed gears with eccentric masses, driven by lally column [CIV ENG] A hollow and nearly cir- the crankshaft. { lanиchəиstər balиənиsər} cular steel column that supports girders or Lanchester’s rule [MECH] The rule that a beams. { la¨lиe¯ ka¨lиəm } torque applied to a rotating body along an axis
318
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. large-systems control theory
perpendicular to the rotation axis will produce drawing to scale as plans or maps. { land precession in a direction such that, if the body sər va¯иər} is viewed along a line of sight coincident with land tie [CIV ENG] A rod or chain connecting an the torque axis, then a point on the body’s cir- outside structure such as a retaining wall to a cumference, which initially crosses the line of buried anchor plate. { land tı¯ } sight, will appear to describe an ellipse whose land-use classes [CIV ENG] Categories into sense is that of the torque. { lan chesиtərz which land areas can be grouped according to ru¨ lz } present or potential economic use. { land yu¨ s land [DES ENG] The top surface of the tooth of klasиəz} a cutting tool, behind the cutting edge. lane [CIV ENG] An established route, as an air [ELECTR] 1. One of the regions between pits on lane, shipping lane, or highway traffic lane. a track on an optical disk. 2. See terminal area. {la¯n} [ENG] 1. In plastics molding equipment, the lang lay [DES ENG] A wire rope lay in which the horizontal bearing surface of a semipositive or wires of each strand are twisted in the same flash mold to allow excess material to escape; direction as the strands. { laŋ la¯ } or the bearing surface along the top of the screw Langmuir diffusion pump [ENG] A type of diffu- flight in a screw extruder; or the surface of an sion pump in which the mercury vapor emerges extrusion die that is parallel to the direction of from a nozzle, giving it motion in a direction melt flow. 2. The surface between successive away from the high-vacuum side of the pump. grooves of a diffraction grating or phonograph { ¦laŋиmyu˙ rdi fyu¨ иzhən pəmp } record. { land } lantern [ENG] A portable lamp. { lanиtərn } land accretion [CIV ENG] Gaining land in a wet lantern pinion [DES ENG] A pinion with bars area, such as a marsh or by the sea, by planting (between parallel disks) instead of teeth. { lanи maritime plants to encourage silt deposition or tərn pinиyən} by dumping dredged materials in the area. Also lantern ring [DES ENG] A ring or sleeve around known as land reclamation. { land ə kre¯иshən} a rotating shaft; an opening in the ring provides land drainage [CIV ENG] The removal of water for forced feeding of oil or grease to bearing from land to improve the soil as a medium for surfaces; particularly effective for pumps han- plant growth and a surface for land management dling liquids. { lanиtərn riŋ } operations. { land dra¯nиij } lap [CIV ENG] The length by which a reinforcing landfill [CIV ENG] Disposal of solid waste by bar must overlap the bar it will replace. { lap } burying in layers of earth in low ground. lapel microphone [ENG ACOUS] A small micro- { lan fil } phone that can be attached to a lapel or pocket landing [CIV ENG] A place where boats receive on the clothing of the user, to permit free move- or discharge passengers, freight, and so on. ment while speaking. { lə pel ¦mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} { landиiŋ } lap joint [ENG] A simple joint between two landing gear [MECH ENG] A pair of small members made by overlapping the ends and fas- wheels at the forward end of a semitrailer to tening them together with bolts, rivets, or weld- support the vehicle when it is detached from the ing. { lap jo˙ int } tractor. { landиiŋ gir } lapping [ELECTR] Moving a quartz, semicon- landing stage [CIV ENG] A platform, usually ductor, or other crystal slab over a flat plate on floating and attached to the shore, for the dis- which a liquid abrasive has been poured, to ob- charge and embarkation of passengers, freight, tain a flat polished surface or to reduce the thick- and so on. { landиiŋ sta¯j} ness a carefully controlled amount. { lapиiŋ } landing tee See wind tee. { landиiŋ tee } lap siding [BUILD] Beveled boards used for sid- landmark [ENG] Any fixed natural or artificial ing that are similar to clapboards but longer monument or object used to designate a land and wider. [CIV ENG] Two railroad sidings, the boundary. { lan ma¨rk } turnout of one overlapping that of the other. land measure [MECH] 1. Units of area used in { lap sı¯dиiŋ } measuring land. 2. Any system for measuring Laray viscometer [ENG] An instrument de- land. { land mezhиər } signed to measure viscosity and other properties land mile See mile. { lan ¦mı¯l} of ink. { lə ra¯ vi ska¨mиədиər} land reclamation See land accretion. { land rekи large calorie See kilocalorie. { la¨rj kalиəиre¯ } lə ma¯иshən} large dyne See newton. { la¨rj dı¯n} landscape architecture [CIV ENG] The art of ar- large-scale integrated circuit [ELECTR] A very ranging and fitting land for human use and en- complex integrated circuit, which contains well joyment. { lan ska¯p a¨rиkə tekиchər } over 100 interconnected individual devices, such landscape engineer [CIV ENG] A person who as basic logic gates and transistors, placed on applies engineering principles and methods to a single semiconductor chip. Abbreviated LSI planning, design, and construction of natural circuit. Also known as chip circuit; multiple- scenery arrangements on a tract of land. { lan function chip. { la¨rj ¦ska¯l intиə gra¯dиəd sərи ska¯p enиjə nı¯r} kət} land surveyor [CIV ENG] A specialist who meas- large-systems control theory [CONT SYS] A ures land and its natural features and any con- branch of the theory of control systems con- structed features such as buildings or roads for cerned with the special problems that arise in
319
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Larson-Miller parameter
the design of control algorithms (that is, control in fog and provide three-dimensional images on policies and strategies) for complex systems. a viewing screen. { la¯иzər sko¯ p} { la¨rj sisиtəmz kən tro¯ l the¯иəиre¯ } laser scriber [ENG] A laser-cutting setup used Larson-Miller parameter [MECH] The effects of in place of a diamond scriber for dicing thin slabs time and temperature on creep, being defined of silicon, gallium arsenide, and other semicon- empirically as P ϭ T (C ϩ log t) ϫ 10Ϫ3, where ductor materials used in the production of semi- T ϭ test temperature in degrees Rankine (de- conductor diodes, transistors, and integrated cir- grees Fahrenheit ϩ 460) and t ϭ test time in cuits; also used for scribing sapphire and ceramic hours; the constant C depends upon the material substrates. { la¯иzər ¦skrı¯bиər} but is frequently taken to be 20. { la¨rsиən milи laser seismometer [ENG] A laser interferome- ərpə ramиədиər} ter system that detects seismic strains in the laryngophone [ENG ACOUS] A microphone de- earth by measuring changes in distance between signed to be placed against the throat of a two granite piers located at opposite ends of an speaker, to pick up voice vibrations directly with- evacuated pipe through which a helium-neon or out responding to background noise. { lə riŋи other laser beam makes a round trip; movements gə fo¯ n} as small as 80 nanometers (one-eighth the wave- LASCR See light-activated silicon controlled length of the 632.8-nanometer helium-neon la- ser radiation) can be detected. { la¯иzərsı¯z rectifier. иə иə LASCS See light-activated silicon controlled ma¨m d r} switch. laser threshold [ELECTR] The minimum pump- ing energy required to initiate lasing action in a laser amplifier [ELECTR] A laser which is used и ə ¦ и to increase the output of another laser. Also laser. { la¯ z r thresh ho¯ ld } laser tracking [ENG] Determination of the known as light amplifier. { la¯иzər ¦amиplə fı¯иər} range and direction of a target by echoed coher- laser anemometer [ENG] An anemometer in ent light. { laиzər ¦trakиiŋ } which the wind being measured passes through ¯ laser transit [ENG] A transit in which a laser is two perpendicular laser beams, and the resulting mounted over the sighting telescope to project change in velocity of one or both beams is meas- a clearly visible narrow beam onto a small target ured. { la¯иzəranиə ma¨mиədиər} at the survey site. { la¯иzər ¦tranzиət} laser ceilometer [ENG] A ceilometer in which lashing [ENG] A rope, chain, or wire used for the time taken by a light pulse from a ground binding, fastening, or wrapping. { lashиiŋ } laser to travel straight up to a cloud ceiling and lash-up [ENG] A model or test sample of equip- be reflected to a receiving photomultiplier is ment required in the testing of a new concept or measured and converted into a cathode-ray dis- idea which is in the embryo stage. { lash əp} play that indicates cloud-base height. { la¯иzər иə иə last in, first out [IND ENG] A method of de- se¯ la¨m d r} termining the inventory costs by transferring the laser earthquake alarm [ENG] An early-warning costs of material to the product in reverse chro- system proposed for earthquakes, involving the nological order. Abbreviated LIFO. { last in use of two lasers with beams at right angles, first au˙ t} positioned across a known geologic fault for con- latch [ELECTR] An electronic circuit that re- tinuous monitoring of distance across the fault. verses and maintains its state each time that и ə ə ə { la¯ z r rth kwa¯k la¨rm } power is applied. [ENG] 1. Any of various clos- laser/fiber-optic gyroscope See fiber-optic gyro- ing devices on a door that fit into a hook, notch, и ə и ə ¦ и и ə scope. { la¯ z r fı¯ b r a¨p tik jı¯ r sko¯ p} or cavity in the frame. 2. In plastics fabrication, laser gyro [ENG] A gyro in which two laser a device used to hold together the two members beams travel in opposite directions over a ring- of a mold. { lach } shaped path formed by three or more mirrors; latch bolt [DES ENG] A self-acting spring bolt rotation is thus measured without the use of a with a beveled head. { lach bo¯ lt } и spinning mass. Also known as ring laser. { la¯ latch-up phenomenon [ELECTR] In a bipolar or zər ¦jı¯ ro¯ } MOS integrated circuit, the generation of pho- laser intrusion detector [ENG] A photoelectric tocurrents by ionizing radiation which can pro- intrusion detector in which a laser is a light vide a trigger signal for a parasitic pnpn circuit source that produces an extremely narrow and and possibly result in permanent damage or essentially invisible beam around the perimeter operational failure if the circuit remains in this of the area being guarded. { la¯иzərin tru¨ иzhən state. { lach əpfə na¨mиə na¨n} di tekиtər} latent defect [IND ENG] A flaw or other imper- laser ranging [ENG] A technique for determin- fection in any article which is discovered after ing the distance to a target by precise measure- delivery; usually, latent defects are inherent ment of the time required for a laser pulse to weaknesses which normally are not detected by travel from a transmitter to a reflector on the examination or routine tests, but which are pres- target and return to a detector. { la¯иzər ra¯njи ent at time of manufacture and are aggravated iŋ } by use. { la¯tиənt de¯ fekt } laserscope [ENG] A pulsed high-power laser latent heat [THERMO] The amount of heat ab- used with appropriate scanning and imaging de- sorbed or evolved by 1 mole, or a unit mass, of vices to sense objects over the sea at night or a substance during a change of state (such as
320
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. lay-up
fusion, sublimation or vaporization) at constant L-C parallel-resonant circuits shunted by quartz temperature and pressure. { la¯tиəŋt he¯t} crystals. { ladиəs filиtər} latent heat of fusion See heat of fusion. { la¯tиənt lattice girder [CIV ENG] An open girder, beam, ¦he¯t əv fyu¨ иzhən} or column built from members joined and braced latent heat of sublimation See heat of sublimation. by intersecting diagonal bars. Also known as { la¯tиənt ¦he¯t əv səbиlə ma¯иshən} open-web girder. { ladиəs gərdиər} latent heat of vaporization See heat of vaporization. lattice truss [CIV ENG] A truss that resembles { la¯tиənt ¦he¯t əv va¯иpəиrə za¯иshən} latticework because of diagonal placement of latent load [MECH ENG] Cooling required to re- members connecting the upper and lower move unwanted moisture from an air-condi- chords. { ladиəs trəs} tioned space. { la¯tиənt lo¯ d} launching [CIV ENG] The act or process of float- lateral [ENG] In a gas distribution or transmis- ing a ship after only hull construction is com- sion system, a pipe branching away from the pleted; in some cases ships are not launched central, primary part of the system. { ladиəи until after all construction is completed. rəl} { lo˙ nиchiŋ } lateral compliance [ENG ACOUS] That charac- launching cradle [CIV ENG] A framework made teristic of a stylus based on the force required of wood to support a vessel during launching to move it from side to side as it follows the from sliding ways. { lo˙ nиchiŋ kra¯dиəl} grooves of a phonograph record. { ladиəиrəl launching ways [CIV ENG] Two (or more) sets kəm plı¯иəns } of long, heavy timbers arranged longitudinally lateral extensometer [ENG] An instrument under the bottom of a ship during building and used in photoelastic studies of the stresses on launching, with one set on each side, and sloping a plate; it measures the change in the thickness toward the water; the lower set, or ground ways, of the plate resulting from the stress at various remain stationary and support the upper set, or points. { ladиəиrəl ek sten sa¨mиədиər} sliding ways, which carry the weight of the ship lateral flow spillway See side-channel spillway. after the shores and keel blocks are removed. { ladиəиrəl flo¯ spil wa¯ } { lo˙ nиchiŋ wa¯z} lateral recording [ENG ACOUS] A type of disk launder [ENG] An inclined channel or trough for recording in which the groove modulation is par- the conveyance of a liquid, such as for water allel to the surface of the recording medium so in mining and construction engineering or for that the cutting stylus moves from side to side molten metal. { lo˙ nиdər} during recording. { ladиəиrəlri ko˙ rdиiŋ } Lauson engine [ENG] Single-cylinder engine lateral search See profiling. { ladиəиrəl sərch } used in screening tests prior to the L-series lube иə lateral sewer [CIV ENG] A sewer discharging oil tests (such as L-1 or L-2 tests). { lau˙ z n into a branch or other sewer and having no tribu- enиjən} tary sewer. { ladиəиrəl su¨ иər} lawnmower [ELECTR] Type of radio-frequency lateral support [CIV ENG] Horizontal propping preamplifier used with radar receivers. applied to a column, wall, or pier across its [ENG] A helix-type recorder mechanism. smallest dimension. { ladиəиrəlsə po˙ rt } [MECH ENG] A machine for cutting grass on иə laterlog [ENG] A downhole resistivity measure- lawns. { lo˙ n mo¯ r} ment method wherein electric current is forced law of action and reaction See Newton’s third law. to flow radially through the formation in a sheet { lo˙ əv akиshən ən re¯ akиshən} of predetermined thickness; used to measure the law of corresponding times [MECH] The princi- resistivity in hard-rock reservoirs as a method ple that the times for corresponding motions of of determining subterranean structural features. dynamically similar systems are proportional to { ladиər la¨g} L/V and also to Ί(L/G), where L is a typical lath [CIV ENG] 1. A narrow strip of wood used dimension of the system, V a typical velocity, in making a level base, as for plaster or tiles, or and G a typical force per unit mass. { ¦lo˙ əv in constructing a light framework, as a trellis. ka¨rиə¦spa¨ndиiŋ tı¯mz } 2. A sheet of material used as a base for plas- law of electric charges [ELEC] The law that like ter. { lath } charges repel, and unlike charges attract. { lo˙ lathe [MECH ENG] A machine for shaping a əvi¦lekиtrik cha¨rjиəz} workpiece by gripping it in a holding device and law of electrostatic attraction See Coulomb’s law. rotating it under power against a suitable cutting { lo˙ əvi¦lekиtrə¦stadиik ə trakиshən} tool for turning, boring, facing, or threading. law of gravitation See Newton’s law of gravitation. {la¯th } { lo˙ əv gravиə ta¯иshən} lathing board See backup strip. { lathиiŋ bo˙ rd } lay [DES ENG] The direction, length, or angle of latrine [ENG] A toilet facility, either fixed or of twist of the strands in a rope or cable. { la¯ } a portable nature, such as is maintained under- lay off [ENG] The process of fairing a ship’s lines ground for use by miners. { lə tre¯n } or an airplane’s in a mold loft in order to make lattice [CIV ENG] A network of crisscrossed molds and templates for structural units. { la¯ strips of metal or wood. { ladиəs} ¦o˙ f} lattice filter [ELECTR] An electric filter con- lay-up [ENG] Production of reinforced plastics sisting of a lattice network whose branches have by positioning the reinforcing material (such as
321
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. lazy jack
glass fabric) in the mold prior to impregnation lead-in groove [DES ENG] A blank spiral groove with resin. { la¯ əp} at the outside edge of a disk recording, generally lazy jack [ENG] A device that accommodates of a pitch much greater than that of the recorded changes in length of a pipeline or similar struc- grooves, provided to bring the pickup stylus ture through the motion of two linked bell quickly to the first recorded groove. Also known cranks. { la¯иze¯ jak } as lead-in spiral. { le¯d in gru¨ v} lb See pound. leading truck [MECH ENG] A swiveling frame lb ap See pound. with wheels under the front end of a locomotive. lb apoth See pound. { le¯dиiŋ trək} lbf See pound. lead-in spiral See lead-in groove. { le¯d in spı¯и lbf-ft See foot-pound. rəl} lb t See pound. lead joint [ENG] A pipe joint made by caulking lb tr See pound. with lead wool or molten lead. { led jo˙ int } LCA See life-cycle assessment. lead-lag network [CONT SYS] Compensating LCD See liquid crystal display. network which combines the characteristics of LCL See less-than-carload. the lag and lead networks, and in which the L/D ratio [ENG] Length to diameter ratio, a fre- phase of a sinusoidal response lags a sinusoidal quently used engineering relationship. { el de¯ input at low frequencies and leads it at high ra¯иsho¯ } frequencies. Also known as lag-lead network. leaching [CHEM ENG] The dissolving, by a liq- { le¯d lag net wərk } uid solvent, of soluble material from its mixture lead line See sounding line. { led lı¯n} with an insoluble solid; leaching is an industrial lead lining [ENG] Lead sheeting used to line the separation operation based on mass transfer; inside surfaces of liquid-storage vessels and examples are the washing of a soluble salt from process equipment to prevent corrosion. { led the surface of an insoluble precipitate, and the lı¯nиiŋ } extraction of sugar from sugarbeets. { le¯chиiŋ } lead network See derivative network. { le¯d lead [DES ENG] The distance that a screw will net wərk } advance or move into a nut in one complete turn. lead-out groove [DES ENG] A blank spiral [ELEC] A wire used to connect two points in groove at the end of a disk recording, generally a circuit. [ENG] A mass of lead attached to of a pitch much greater than that of the recorded a line, as used for sounding at sea. { led } grooves, connected to either the locked or eccen- lead angle [DES ENG] The angle that the tan- tric groove. Also known as throw-out spiral. gent to a helix makes with the plane normal to { le¯d au˙ t gru¨ v} the axis of the helix. { le¯d aŋиgəl} lead-over groove [DES ENG] A groove cut be- lead-chamber process [CHEM ENG] A process tween separate selections or sections on a disk for the preparation of impure or dilute (60–78) recording to transfer the pickup stylus from one sulfuric acid; sulfur dioxide is oxidized by moist cut to the next. Also known as cross-over spiral. air with nitrogen oxide catalysts in a series of { le¯d o¯ иvər gru¨ v} lead-lined chambers, the Gay-Lussac tower and lead rail [CIV ENG] In an ordinary rail switch, the Glover tower; used primarily in the manufac- the turnout rail lying between the rails of the и ə и ə ture of fertilizer. { led cha¯m b r pra¨ s s} main track. { le¯d ra¯l} lead compensation [CONT SYS] A type of feed- lead screw [MECH ENG] A threaded shaft used back compensation primarily employed for stabi- to convert rotation to longitudinal motion; in a lization or for improving a system’s transient re- lathe it moves the tool carriage when cutting sponse; it is generally characterized by a series threads; in a disk recorder it guides the cutter at compensation transfer function of the type a desired rate across the surface of an ungrooved Ϫ disk. { le¯d skru¨ } ϭ (s z) Gc(s) K lead susceptibility [CHEM ENG] The increase in (s Ϫ p) octane number of gasoline imparted by the addi- where z Ͻ p and K is a constant. { le¯d ka¨mи tion of a specified amount of TEL (tetraethyl- pən sa¯иshən} lead). { led sə sepиtə bilиədиe¯ } lead curve [CIV ENG] The curve in a railroad lead time [IND ENG] The time allowed or re- turnout between the switch and the frog. quired to initiate and develop a piece of equip- { le¯d kərv} ment that must be ready for use at a given time. leader [BUILD] See downspout. [ENG] The un- { le¯d tı¯m} recorded length of magnetic tape that enables lead track [CIV ENG] A distance measured along the operator to thread the tape through the drive a straight railroad track from a switch to a frog. and onto the take-up reel without losing data or { le¯d trak } recorded music, speech, or such. [MECH ENG] lead wire [ENG] One of the heavy wires connect- In a hot-air heating system, a duct that conducts ing a firing switch with the cap wires. { le¯d heated air to an outlet. { le¯dиər} wı¯r} leader streamer See leader. { le¯dиər stre¯mиər} leaf [BUILD] 1. A separately movable division of leading edge [DES ENG] The surfaces or inset a folding or sliding door. 2. One of a pair of cutting points on a bit that face in the same doors or windows. 3. One of the two halves of direction as the rotation of the bit. { le¯dиiŋ ej } a cavity wall. { le¯f}
322
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. left-laid
leaf spring [DES ENG] A beam of cantilever de- the land, usually upon payment of an agreed sign, firmly anchored at one end and with a large rental, bonus, or royalty. 2. A piece of land that deflection under a load. Also known as flat is leased. { le¯s} spring. { le¯f spriŋ } least-action principle See principle of least action. league [MECH] A unit of length equal to 3 miles { ¦le¯st akиshən prinиsəиpəl} or 4828.032 meters. { le¯g} least-energy principle [MECH] The principle leakage [ENG] Undesired and gradual escape that the potential energy of a system in stable or entry of a quantity, such as loss of neutrons equilibrium is a minimum relative to that of by diffusion from the core of a nuclear reactor, nearby configurations. { ¦le¯st enиərиje¯ prinи escape of electromagnetic radiation through səиpəl} joints in shielding, flow of electricity over or least-work theory [MECH] A theory of statically through an insulating material, and flow of mag- indeterminate structures based on the fact that netic lines of force beyond the working region. when a stress is applied to such a structure the и { le¯k ij } individual parts of it are deflected so that the leakage current [ELEC] 1. Undesirable flow of energy stored in the elastic members is mini- current through or over the surface of an insulat- mized. { ¦le¯st wərk the¯иəиre¯ } ing material or insulator. 2. The flow of direct LED See light-emitting diode. current through a poor dielectric in a capacitor. LEDE room [ENG ACOUS] A control room in a [ELECTR] The alternating current that passes sound-recording studio in which the rear wall is through a rectifier without being rectified. и əи ə made reflective or diffusive, while the dead or { le¯k ij k r nt } sound-absorbent treatment is applied at the leakage rate [ENG] Flow rate of all leaks from и frontal sidewalls near the loudspeaker to prevent an evacuated vessel. { le¯k ij ra¯t} lateral reflections from mixing with direct signals leakage resistance ELEC The resistance of [ ] from the loudspeaker. Derived from live-end- the path over which leakage current flows; it is dead-end room. { le¯ de¯ ru¨ m} normally high. { le¯kиij ri¦zisиtəns } ledge [BUILD] A horizontal timber on the back leak detector [ENG] An instrument used for of a batten door or on a framed and braced door. finding small holes or cracks in the walls of a ENG 1. A raised edge or molding. 2. A narrow vessel; the helium mass spectrometer is an ex- [ ] shelf projecting from the side of a vertical struc- ample. { le¯kdi tekиtər} ture. 3. A horizontal timber that supports the leak test pressure [MECH ENG] The inlet pres- put-logs of scaffolding. { lej } sure used for a standard quantitative seat leak- age test. { le¯k ¦test preshиər} ledged door See batten door. { lejd do˙ r} lean fuel mixture See lean mixture. { le¯n fyu¨ l ledger [CIV ENG] A main horizontal member of miksиchər} formwork, supported on uprights and supporting the soffit of the formwork. [ENG] The horizon- leaning wheel grader [CIV ENG] A grader with иə skewed wheels to help cut or spread the soil. tal support for a scaffold platform. { lej r} { le¯nиiŋ ¦we¯l gra¯dиər} Ledoux bell meter [ENG] A type of manometer lean manufacturing [IND ENG] A production used to measure the difference in pressure be- system consisting of manufacturing cells linked tween two points generated by any one of several together with a functionally integrated system types of flow measurement devices such as a for inventory and production control that uses pitot tube; it is equipped with a shaped plug less of the key resources needed to make goods. which makes the reading of the meter directly ə { ¦le¯n manиə fakиchərиiŋ } proportional to the flow rate. { l du¨ bel иə lean manufacturing cells [IND ENG] Typically U- me¯d r} shaped manufacturing cells in which workers, leer See lehr. { ler } cross-trained on all the related processes, move Lee’s disk [THERMO] A device for determining from machine to machine in counterclockwise the thermal conductivity of poor conductors in loops. { ¦le¯n manиə fakиchərиiŋ selz } which a thin, cylindrical slice of the substance lean mixture [MECH ENG] A fuel-air mixture under study is sandwiched between two copper containing a low percentage of fuel and a high disks, a heating coil is placed between one of percentage of air, as compared with a normal or these disks and a third copper disk, and the rich mixture. Also known as lean fuel mixture. temperatures of the three copper disks are meas- { le¯n ¦miksиchər} ured. { le¯z disk } lean-to [BUILD] A single-pitched roof whose left-hand [DES ENG] Of drilling and cutting summit is supported by the wall of a higher struc- tools, screw threads, and other threaded devices, ture. { le¯n tu¨ } designed to rotate clockwise or cut to the left. lear See lehr. { lir } { left ¦hand } learning control [CONT SYS] A type of auto- left-handed See left-laid. { left ¦handиəd} matic control in which the nature of control pa- left-hand screw [DES ENG] A screw that ad- rameters and algorithms is modified by the ac- vances when turned counterclockwise. { left tual experience of the system. { lərnиiŋ kən ¦hand skru¨ } tro¯ l} left-laid [DES ENG] The lay of a wire or fiber rope lease [IND ENG] 1. Contract between landowner or cable in which the individual wires or fibers and another granting the latter the right to use in the strands are twisted to the right and the
323
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. leg
strands to the left. Also known as left-handed; letters patent See patent. { ledиərz patиənt } regular-lay left twist. { left ¦la¯d} levee [CIV ENG] 1. A dike for confining a stream. leg [ENG] 1. Anything that functionally or struc- 2. A pier along a river. { levиe¯ } turally resembles an animal leg. 2. One of the level [CIV ENG] 1. A surveying instrument with branches of a forked or jointed object. 3. One a telescope and bubble tube used to take level of the main upright members of a drill derrick sights over various distances, commonly 100 feet or tripod. [MECH ENG] The case that encloses (30 meters). 2. To make the earth surface hori- the vertical part of the belt carrying the buckets zontal. [DES ENG] A device consisting of a within a grain elevator. { leg } bubble tube that is used to find a horizontal line leg wire [ENG] One of the two wires forming a or plane. Also known as spirit level. part of an electric blasting cap or squib. [ELEC] A single bank of contacts, as on a step- { leg wı¯r} ping relay. [ELECTR] 1. The difference be- lehr [ENG] A long oven in which glass is cooled tween a quantity and an arbitrarily specified ref- and annealed after being formed. Also spelled erence quantity, usually expressed as the loga- lear; leer. { ler } rithm of the ratio of the quantities. 2. A charge Leidenfrost point [THERMO] The lowest tem- value that can be stored in a given storage ele- perature at which a hot body submerged in a ment of a charge storage tube and distinguished pool of boiling water is completely blanketed by in the output from other charge values. a vapor film; there is a minimum in the heat flux { levиəl} from the body to the water at this temperature. иə leveled element time See normal element time. { lı¯d n fro˙ st po˙ int } { levиəld elиə ment tı¯m} Leidenfrost’s phenomenon THERMO A phe- [ ] leveled time See normal time. { levиəld tı¯m} nomenon in which a liquid dropped on a surface leveler [ENG] A back scraper, drag, or other that is above a critical temperature becomes in- form of device for smoothing land. { levиəиlər} sulated from the surface by a layer of vapor, and level indicator [ENG] An instrument that indi- does not wet the surface as a result. { lı¯dи cates liquid level. [ENG ACOUS] An indicator ən fro˙ sts fə namиə na¨n} that shows the audio voltage level at which a Lenard spiral [ENG] A type of magnetometer recording is being made; may be a volume-unit consisting of a spiral of bismuth wire and a meter, neon lamp, or cathode-ray tuning indica- Wheatstone bridge to measure changes in the иə и ə иə resistance of the wire produced by magnetic tor. { lev l in d ka¯d r} fields and as a result of the transverse magneto- leveling [ENG] Adjusting any device, such as a resistance of bismuth. { la¯иna¨rd spı¯иrəl} launcher, gun mount, or sighting equipment, so that all horizontal or vertical angles will be meas- length [MECH] Extension in space. { leŋkth } ured in the true horizontal and vertical planes. lengthening joint [ENG] A joint between two members running in the same direction. [IND ENG] A method of performance rating { leŋkиthə niŋ jo˙ int } which seeks to rate the principal factors that length of lay [DES ENG] The distance measured cause the speed of motions rather than speed along a line parallel to the axis of the rope in itself; it considers that the level at which the which the strand makes one complete turn about operator works is influenced by effort and skill. иəи ŋ the axis of the rope, or the wires make a complete { lev li } turn about the axis of the strand. { leŋkth əv leveling instrument [ENG] An instrument for la¯ } establishing a horizontal line of sight, usually by length of shot [ENG] The depth of the shothole, means of a spirit level or a pendulum device. иəи ŋ и əи ə in which powder is placed, or the size of the { lev li in str m nt } block of coal or rock to be loosened by a single leveling screw [ENG] An adjusting screw used blast, measured parallel with the hole. { leŋkth to bring an instrument into level. { levиəиliŋ əv sha¨t} skru¨ } leo [MECH] A unit of acceleration, equal to 10 level measurement [MECH] The determination meters per second per second; it has rarely been of the linear vertical distance between a refer- employed. { le¯иo¯ } ence point or datum plane and the surface of a Leslie cube [THERMO] A metal box, with faces liquid or the top of a pile of divided solid. { levи having different surface finishes, in which water əl mezhиərиmənt } is heated and next to which a thermopile is level point See point of fall. { levиəl po˙ int } placed in order to compare the heat emission level rod [ENG] A straight rod or bar, with a flat properties of different surfaces. { lezиle¯ kyu¨ b} face graduated in plainly visible linear units with Leslie effect [ENG ACOUS] A dynamic timbre- zero at the bottom, used in measuring the verti- changing effect created by rotating one or more cal distance between a point of the earth’s sur- directional speakers inside a cabinet such that face and the line of sight of a leveling instrument a mixture of Doppler-shifted reflections is gener- that has been adjusted to the horizontal posi- ated in the output of an electronic instrument. tion. { levиəl ra¨d} { lezиle¯ i fekt } level surface [ENG] A surface which is perpen- less-than-carload [IND ENG] Too light to fill a dicular to the plumb line at every point. { levи freight car and therefore not eligible for carload əl sərиfəs} rate. Abbreviated LCL. { les thən ka¨r lo¯ d} level valve [MECH ENG] A valve operated by a
324
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. light-activated silicon controlled rectifier
lever which travels through a maximum arc of breathing mixture supply system, air purification 180Њ.{ levиəl valv } and filtering system, or carbon dioxide removal Levenstein process [CHEM ENG] A process for system; used in oceanographic submersibles the manufacture of mustard gas from ethene, and spacecraft. { lı¯fsə po˙ rt sisиtəm} CH2ϭCH2, and sulfur chloride, S2Cl2.{ leи life test [CHEM ENG] In petroleum testing, an vən stı¯n pra¨иsəs} American Society for Testing and Materials oxi- lever [ENG] A rigid bar, pivoted about a fixed dation test made on inhibited steam-turbine oils point (fulcrum), used to multiply force or motion; to determine their stability under oxidizing con- used for raising, prying, or dislodging an object. ditions. [ENG] A test in which a device is oper- { levиər, le¯иvər} ated under conditions that simulate a normal leverage [MECH] The multiplication of force or lifetime of use, to obtain an estimate of service motion achieved by a lever. { levиrij } life. { lı¯f test } lever shears [DES ENG] A shears in which the LIFO See last in, first out. { lı¯ fo¯ } input force at the handles is related to the output lift See elevator. { lift } force at the cutting edges by the principle of the lift bridge [CIV ENG] A drawbridge whose mov- lever. Also known as alligator shears; crocodile able spans are raised vertically. { lift brij } иə shears. { lev r shirz } lifter flight [DES ENG] Spaced plates or projec- levitated vehicle [MECH ENG] A train or other tions on the inside surfaces of cylindrical rotat- vehicle which travels at high speed at some dis- ing equipment (such as rotary dryers) to lift and tance above an electrically conducting track by иə иə иəи ə shower the solid particles through the gas-drying means of levitation. { lev ta¯d d ve¯ k l} stream during their passage through the dryer lewis DES ENG A device for hoisting heavy [ ] cylinder. { lifиtər flı¯t} stones; employs a dovetailed tenon that fits into lifter roof [ENG] Gas storage tank in which the a mortise in the stone. { lu¨ иəs} roof is raised by the incoming gas as the tank lewis bolt DES ENG A bolt with an enlarged, [ ] fills. { lifиtər ru¨ f} tapered head that is inserted into masonry or lifting block [MECH ENG] A combination of pul- stone and fixed with lead; used as a foundation leys and ropes which allows heavy weights to be bolt. { lu¨ иəs bo¯ lt } lifted with least effort. { liftиiŋ bla¨k} Lewis-Matheson method [CHEM ENG] Trial- and-error calculation method for the design of lifting device [ENG] A device to manually open multicomponent distillation columns, or for the a pressure relief valve by decreasing the spring loading in order to determine if the valve is in determination of the separating ability of an ex- и ŋ isting column. { lu¨ иəs mathиəиsən methиəd} working order. { lift i di vı¯s} lifting dog ENG 1. A component part of the L-head engine [MECH ENG] A type of four- [ ] stroke cycle internal combustion engine having overshot assembly that grasps and lifts the inner both inlet and exhaust valves on one side of the tube or a wire-line core barrel. 2. A clawlike engine block which are operated by pushrods hook for grasping cylindrical objects, such as и drill rods or casing, while raising and lowering actuated by a single camshaft. { el hed en и ŋ jən} them. { lift i do˙ g} lie detector [ENG] An instrument that indicates lifting magnet [ENG] A large circular, rectangu- or records one or more functional variables of a lar, or specially shaped magnet used for handling person’s body while the person undergoes the pig iron, scrap iron, castings, billets, rails, and и ŋ и ə emotional stress associated with a lie. Also other magnetic materials. { lift i mag n t} known as polygraph; psychintegroammeter. lifting task [IND ENG] A task that involves appli- { lı¯ dı¯ tekиtər} cation of a moment to the vertebral column of и ŋ life-cycle assessment [SYS ENG] A methodol- the worker. { lift i task } ogy that identifies the environmental impacts lift pump [MECH ENG] A pump for lifting fluid associated with the life cycle of a material or to the pump’s own level. { lift pəmp } product in a specific application, thus identifying lift-slab construction [CIV ENG] Pouring rein- opportunities for improvement in environmental forced concrete roof and floor slabs at ground performance. Abbreviated LCA. { lı¯f sı¯иkəl level, then lifting them into position after hard- ə sesиmənt } ening. { lift slab kən strəkиshən} life-cycle cost [ENG] A measurement of the to- lift truck [MECH ENG] A small hand- or power- tal cost of using equipment over the entire time operated dolly equipped with a platform or fork- of service of the equipment; includes initial, op- lift. { lift trək} erating, and maintenance costs. { lı¯f sı¯иkəl lift valve [MECH ENG] A valve that moves per- ko˙ st } pendicularly to the plane of the valve seat. life expectancy [ENG] The predicted useful ser- { lift valv } vice life of an item of equipment. { lı¯fik spekи ligament [ENG] The section of solid material in tənиse¯ } a tube sheet or shell between adjacent holes. life preserver [ENG] A buoyant device that is { ligиəиmənt } used to prevent drowning by supporting a person light-activated silicon controlled rectifier in the water. { lı¯f pri zərиvər} [ELECTR] A silicon controlled rectifier having a life support system [ENG] A system providing glass window for incident light that takes the atmospheric control and monitoring, such as a place of, or adds to the action of, an electric gate
325
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. light-activated silicon controlled switch
current in providing switching action. Abbrevi- conductor of an electrical system and ground to ated LASCR. Also known as photo-SCR; photo- limit the magnitude of transient overvoltages on thyristor. { lı¯t ¦akиtə va¯dиəd ¦silиəиkənkən¦tro¯ ld equipment. Also known as arrester; surge ar- rekиtə fı¯иər} rester. { lı¯tиniŋə resиtər} light-activated silicon controlled switch [ELECTR] light section car [MECH ENG] A railway motor- A semiconductor device that has four layers of car weighing 750–900 pounds (340–408 kilo- silicon alternately doped with acceptor and do- grams) and propelled by 4–6-horsepower (3000– nor impurities, but with all four of the p and n 4500-watt) engines. { lı¯t sekиshən ka¨r} layers made accessible by terminals; when a light light-sensitive [ELECTR] Having photoconduc- beam hits the active light-sensitive surface, the tive, photoemissive, or photovoltaic characteris- photons generate electron-hole pairs that make tics. Also known as photosensitive. { lı¯t senи the device turn on; removal of light does not sədиiv} reverse the phenomenon; the switch can be light-sensitive cell See photodetector. { lı¯t ¦senи turned off only by removing or reversing its posi- sədиiv sel } tive bias. Abbreviated LASCS. { lı¯t ¦akиtə va¯dи light-sensitive detector See photodetector. { lı¯t əd ¦silиəиkənkən¦tro¯ ld swich } ¦senиsədиivdi tekиtər} light amplifier [ELECTR] 1. Any electronic de- light valve [ELECTR] 1. A device whose light vice which, when actuated by a light image, re- transmission can be made to vary in accordance produces a similar image of enhanced bright- with an externally applied electrical quantity, ness, and which is capable of operating at very such as volatage, current, electric field, or mag- low light levels without introducing spurious netic field, or an electron beam. 2. Any direct- brightness variations (noise) into the repro- view electronic display optimized for reflecting duced image. Also known as image intensifier. or transmitting an image with an independent 2. See laser amplifier. { lı¯t amиplə fı¯иər} collimated light source for projection pur- light-beam galvanometer See d’Arsonval galva- poses. { lı¯t valv } nometer. { lı¯t be¯m galиvə na¨mиədиər} Lilly controller [MECH ENG] A device on steam light-beam pickup [ENG ACOUS] A phonograph and electric winding engines that protects pickup in which a beam of light is a coupling against overspeed, overwind, and other inci- element of the transducer. { lı¯t be¯m pik əp } dents injurious to workers and the engine. light blasting [ENG] Loosening of shallow or { lilиe¯ kən¦tro¯ lиər} small outcrops of rock and breaking boulders by limb [DES ENG] 1. The graduated margin of an explosives. { lı¯t blastиiŋ } arc or circle in an instrument for measuring light-emitting diode [ELECTR] A rectifying semi- angles, as that part of a marine sextant carrying conductor device which converts electrical en- the altitude scale. 2. The graduated staff of a ergy into electromagnetic radiation. The wave- leveling rod. { limb } length of the emitted radiation ranges from the lime kiln [CHEM ENG] Furnace-type apparatus, near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, that is, from usually a long, tilted cylinder that is slowly ro- about 400 to over 1500 nanometers. Abbrevi- tated, used to heat calcium carbonate, CaCO3, ated LED. { lı¯ti midиiŋ dı¯ o¯ d } above 900ЊC to produce lime. { lı¯m kil } lightening hole [CIV ENG] An opening cut into a limelight [ENG] A light source once used in strengthening member that decreases its weight spotlights; it consisted of a block of lime heated without significantly altering its strength. { lı¯tи to incandescence by means of an oxyhydrogen niŋ ho¯ l } flame torch. { lı¯m lı¯t} lighterage [IND ENG] 1. Loading or unloading limestone log [ENG] A log that employs an elec- ships by means of a lighter. 2. The fee charged trical resistivity element in the form of four sym- for this operation. { lı¯dиəиrij } metrically arranged current electrodes to give lighting-off torch [ENG] A torch used to ignite accurate readings in borehole surveying of hard a fuel oil burner; it consists of asbestos cloth formations. { lı¯m sto¯ n la¨g} wrapped around an iron rod and soaked with oil. liming [CHEM ENG] Soaking hides and skins in { lı¯dиiŋ o˙ f to˙ rch } milk of lime and causing them to swell, to facili- light-inspection car [MECH ENG] A railway mo- tate the removal of hair. { lı¯mиiŋ } torcar weighing 400–600 pounds (180–270 kilo- limit control [MECH ENG] 1. In boiler operation, grams) and having a capacity of 650–800 pounds usually a device, electrically controlled, that (295–360 kilograms). { ¦lı¯tin spekиshən ka¨r} shuts down a burner at a prescribed operating light meter [ENG] A small, portable device for point. 2. In machine-tool operation, a sensing measuring illumination; an exposure meter is device which terminates motion of the workpiece a specific application, being calibrated to give or tool at prescribed points. { limиətkən tro¯ l} photographic exposures. { lı¯t me¯dиər} limit dimensioning method [DES ENG] Method light modulator [ELECTR] The combination of a of dimensioning and tolerancing wherein the source of light, an appropriate optical system, maximum and minimum permissible values for and a means for varying the resulting light beam a dimension are stated specifically to indicate to produce an optical sound track on motion the size or location of the element in question. picture film. { lı¯t ma¨jиə la¯dиər} { limиətdə menиchənиiŋ methиəd} lightning arrester [ELEC] A protective device limited-access highway See expressway. { limи designed primarily for connection between a ədиəd ¦akиses hı¯ wa¯ }
326
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. linear scanning
limited-degree-of-freedom robot [CONT SYS] limnimeter [ENG] A type of tide gage for mea- Robot whose end effector can be positioned and suring lake level variations. { lim nimиədиər} oriented in fewer than six degrees of freedom. limnograph [ENG] A recording made on a limni- { limиədиəddi gre¯ əv fre¯иdəm ro¯ ba¨t} meter. { limиnə graf } limited integrator [ELECTR] A device used in an- Linde copper sweetening [CHEM ENG] A petro- alog computers that has two input signals and leum-refinery process to treat gasolines and dis- one output signal whose value is proportional tillates with a slurry of clay and cupric chloride to the integral of one of the input signals with to remove mercaptans. { linиdə ka¨pиər swe¯tи respect to the other as long as this output signal ənиiŋ } does not exceed specified limits. { limиədиəd Linde drill See fusion-piercing drill. { linиdə dril } intиə gra¯dиər} line-and-staff organization [IND ENG] A form of limited-pressure cycle See mixed cycle. { limиədи organization structure which combines func- əd ¦preshиər sı¯иkəl} tional subunits with staff officers in line func- ¦ ə ¦ и əи ə и ə limited-rotation hydraulic actuator [MECH tions. { lı¯n n staf o˙ r g n za¯ sh n} ENG] A type of hydraulic actuator that produces linear [CONT SYS] Having an output that varies и иə limited reciprocating rotary force and motion; in direct proportion to the input. { lin e¯ r} used for lifting, lowering, opening, closing, in- linear actuator [MECH ENG] A device that con- dexing, and transferring movements; examples verts some kind of power, such as hydraulic or electric power, into linear motion. { linиe¯иər are the piston-rack actuator, single-vane actua- и ə иə tor, and double-vane actuator. { limиədиəd ak ch wa¯d r} linear control system CONT SYS A linear sys- ro¯ ¦ta¯иshənhı¯¦dro˙ иlik akиchə wa¯dиər} [ ] tem whose inputs are forced to change in a de- limited-sequence robot See fixed-stop robot. sired manner as time progresses. { linиe¯иər { limиədиəd ¦se¯иkwəns ro¯ ba¨t} kən tro¯ l sisиtəm} limiter [ELECTR] An electronic circuit used to linear expansity See coefficient of linear expansion. prevent the amplitude of an electronic waveform { linиe¯иərik spanиsədиe¯ } from exceeding a specified level while preserving linear feedback control [CONT SYS] Feedback the shape of the waveform at amplitudes less control in a linear system. { linиe¯иər fe¯d bak than the specified level. Also known as ampli- kən tro¯ l} tude limiter; amplitude-limiting circuit; auto- linear integrated circuit [ELECTR] An integrated matic peak limiter; clipper; clipping circuit; lim- circuit that provides linear amplification of sig- iter circuit; peak limiter. { limиədиər} nals. { linиe¯иər ¦intиə gra¯dиəd sərиkət} limit governor MECH ENG A mechanical gov- [ ] linearization [CONT SYS] 1. The modification of ernor that takes over control from the main gov- a system so that its outputs are approximately ernor to shut the machine down when speed linear functions of its inputs, in order to facilitate reaches a predetermined excess above the allow- analysis of the system. 2. The mathematical able rate. Also known as topping governor. approximation of a nonlinear system, whose de- { limиət gəvиərиnər} иə и ŋ partures from linearity are small, by a linear sys- limiting friction See static friction. { lim d i tem corresponding to small changes in the vari- и ə frik sh n} ables about their average values. { linиe¯иərи limit lines [IND ENG] Lines on a chart designat- ə za¯иshən} иə ing specification limits. { lim t lı¯nz } linear meter [ENG] A meter in which the deflec- limit-load design See ultimate-load design. tion of the pointer is proportional to the quantity иə { lim t lo¯ ddizı¯n} measured. { linиe¯иər me¯dиər} limits [DES ENG] In dimensioning, the maxi- linear momentum See momentum. { linиe¯иər mum and minimum values prescribed for a spe- mə menиtəm} cific dimension; the limits may be of size if the linear motion See rectilinear motion. { linиe¯иər dimension concerned is a size dimension, or they mo¯ иshən} may be of location if the dimension concerned linear-quadratic-Gaussian problem [CONT SYS] is a location dimension. { limиəts } An optimal-state regulator problem, containing limit state [CIV ENG] The condition beyond Gaussian noise in both the state and measure- which a structure or a structural member is ment equations, in which the expected value of deemed unsafe due to one or more loads or load the quadratic performance index is to be mini- effects. { limиət sta¯t} mized. Abbreviated LQG problem. { linиe¯иər limit switch [ELEC] A switch designed to cut off kwə dradиik gau˙ sиe¯иən pra¨bиləm} power automatically at or near the limit of travel linear regulator problem [CONT SYS] A type of of a moving object controlled by electrical optimal control problem in which the system to means. { limиət swich } be controlled is described by linear differential limit velocity [MECH] In armor and projectile equations and the performance index to be mini- testing, the lowest possible velocity at which any mized is the integral of a quadratic function of one of the complete penetrations is obtained; the system state and control functions. Also since the limit velocity is difficult to obtain, a known as optimal regulator problem; regulator more easily obtainable value, designated as the problem. { linиe¯иər regиyə la¯dиər pra¨bиləm} ballistic limit, is usually employed. { limиət linear scanning [ENG] Radar beam which və la¨sиədиe¯ } moves with constant angular velocity through
327
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. linear strain
the scanning sector, which may be a complete line-of-sight velocity See radial velocity. { lı¯n əv 360Њ.{ linиe¯иər skanиiŋ } sı¯tvə la¨sиədиe¯ } linear strain [MECH] The ratio of the change in line of thrust [MECH] Locus of the points the length of a body to its initial length. Also through which the resultant forces pass in an known as longitudinal strain. { linиe¯иər ¦stra¯n } arch or retaining wall. { lı¯n əv thrəst } linear system [CONT SYS] A system in which the line of tunnel [ENG] The width marked by the outputs are components of a vector which is exterior lines or sides of a tunnel. { lı¯n əv equal to the value of a linear operator applied tənиəl} to a vector whose components are the inputs. line oiler [MECH ENG] An apparatus inserted in { linиe¯иər sisиtəm} a line conducting air or steam to an air- or steam- linear system analysis [CONT SYS] The study of activated machine that feeds small controllable a system by means of a model consisting of a amounts of lubricating oil into the air or steam. linear mapping between the system inputs Also known as air-line lubricator; line lubricator. (causes or excitations), applied at the input ter- { lı¯n o˙ iиlər} minals, and the system outputs (effects or re- line pack [ENG] The actual amount of gas in a sponses), measured or observed at the output pipeline or distribution system. { lı¯n pak } terminals. { linиe¯иər ¦sisиtəm ə nalиəиsəs} liner [DES ENG] A replaceable tubular sleeve in- linear velocity See velocity. { linиe¯иərvə la¨sи side a hydraulic or pump-pressure cylinder in ədиe¯ } which the piston travels. [ENG] A string of line clinometer [ENG] A clinometer designed to casing in a borehole. { lı¯nиər} be inserted between rods at any point in a string liner bushing [DES ENG] A bushing, provided of drill rods. { lı¯n klı¯ na¨mиədиər} with or without a head, that is permanently in- line driver [ELECTR] An integrated circuit that stalled in a jig to receive the renewable wearing acts as the interface between logic circuits and bushings. Also known as master bushing. a two-wire transmission line. { lı¯n drı¯vиər} { lı¯nиər bu˙ shиiŋ } line functions [IND ENG] Organizational func- line rod See range rod. { lı¯n ra¨d} tions having direct authority and responsibility. liner plate cofferdam [CIV ENG] A cofferdam { lı¯n fəŋkиshənz } made from steel plates about 16 inches (41 centi- line hydrophone [ENG ACOUS] A directional hy- meters) high and 3 feet (91 centimeters) long, drophone consisting of one straight-line ele- and corrugated for added stiffness. { lı¯nиər ment, an array of suitably phased elements pla¯t ko˙ fиər dam } mounted in line, or the acoustic equivalent of line scanner [ENG] An infrared imaging device such an array. { lı¯n hı¯иdrə fo¯ n } which utilizes the motion of a moving platform, line level [ENG] A small spirit level fitted with such as an aircraft or satellite, to scan infrared hooks at each end so that it can be hung on a radiation from the terrain. Also known as ther- horizontally stretched line. { lı¯n levиəl} mal mapper. { lı¯n skanиər} line loss [ELEC] Total of the various energy line shafting [MECH ENG] One or more pieces losses occurring in a transmission line. [ENG] of assembled shafting to transmit power from The quantity of gas that is lost in a distribution a central source to individual machines. { lı¯n system or pipeline. { lı¯n lo˙ s} shaftиiŋ } line lubricator See line oiler. { lı¯n lu¨ иbrə ka¯dиər} linesman [ENG] 1. A worker who sets up and line microphone [ENG ACOUS] A highly direc- repairs communication and power lines. 2. An tional microphone consisting of a single straight- assistant to a surveyor. { lı¯nzиmən} line element or an array of small parallel tubes of line space lever [MECH ENG] A lever on a type- different lengths, with one end of each abutting a writer used to move the carriage to a new line. microphone element. Also known as machine- { lı¯n ¦spa¯s levиər} gun microphone. { lı¯n mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} line voltage [ELEC] The voltage provided by a line mixer See flow mixer. { lı¯n mikиsər} power line at the point of use. { lı¯n vo¯ lиtij } line of action [MECH ENG] The locus of contact lining bar [DES ENG] A crowbar with a pinch, points as gear teeth profiles go through mesh. wedge, or diamond point at its working end. { lı¯n əv akиshən} { lı¯nиiŋ ba¨r} line of balance [IND ENG] A production plan- lining pole See range rod. { lı¯nиiŋ po¯ l} ning system that schedules key events leading link [CIV ENG] A standardized part of a survey- to completion of an assembly on the basis of or’s chain, which is 7.92 inches (20.1168 centime- the delivery date for the completed system. Ab- ters) in the Gunter’s chain and 1 foot (30.48 centi- breviated LOB. { lı¯n əv balиəns } meters) in the engineer’s chain. [DES ENG] line of fall [MECH] The line tangent to the ballis- 1. One of the rings of a chain. 2. A connecting tic trajectory at the level point. { lı¯n əv ¦fo˙ l} piece in the moving parts of a machine. { liŋk} line of flight [MECH] The line of movement, or linkage [MECH ENG] A mechanism that trans- the intended line of movement, of an aircraft, fers motion in a desired manner by using some guided missile, or projectile in the air. { lı¯n combination of bar links, slides, pivots, and ro- əv ¦flı¯t} tating members. { liŋиkij } line of impact [MECH] A line tangent to the tra- link V belt [DES ENG] A V belt composed of a jectory of a missile at the point of impact. { lı¯n large number of rubberized-fabric links joined by əv im pakt } metal fasteners. { liŋk ve¯ belt }
328
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. liquid-sorbent dehumidifier
lintel [BUILD] A horizontal member over an liquid-in-metal thermometer [ENG] A ther- opening, such as a door or window, usually car- mometer in which the thermally sensitive ele- rying the wall load. { lintиəl} ment is a liquid contained in a metal envelope, linter [MECH ENG] A machine for removing fuzz frequently in the form of a Bourdon tube. { likи linters from ginned cottonseed. { linиtər} wədin¦medиəlthər ma¨mиədиər} lip [CIV ENG] A parapet placed on the down- liquid knockout See impingement. { likиwəd stream margin of a millrace or apron in order to na¨ kau˙ t} minimize scouring of the river bottom. [DES liquid level control [ENG] Regulation of the lin- ENG] Cutting edge of a fluted drill formed by ear vertical distance between the surface of a the intersection of the flute and the lip clearance liquid and some reference point. { likиwəd levи angle, and extending from the chisel edge at the əlkən tro¯ l} web to the circumference. { lip } liquid-liquid extraction [CHEM ENG] The re- Lippmann electrometer See capillary electrometer. moval of a soluble component from a liquid mix- { lipиmən i lek tra¨mиədиər} ture by contact with a second liquid, immiscible liq pt See pint. with the carrier liquid in which the component и ə и ə liquefier ENG Equipment or system used to is preferentially soluble. { lik w d lik w dik [ ] и ə liquefy gases; usually employs a combination strak sh n} of compression, heat exchange, and expansion liquid measure [MECH] A system of units used operations. { likиwə fı¯иər} to measure the volumes of liquid substances in liquid-column gage See U-tube manometer. { likи the United States; the units are the fluid dram, fluid ounce, gill, pint, quart, and gallon. { likи wəd ¦ka¨lиəm ga¯j} wəd ¦mezhиər} liquid compass [ENG] A compass in a bowl liquid penetrant test ENG A penetrant method filled with liquid. { likиwəd ka¨mиpəs} [ ] of nondestructive testing used to locate defects liquid-cooled dissipator See cold plate. { likиwəd open to the surface of nonporous materials; pen- ¦ku¨ ld disиə pa¯dиər} etrating liquid is applied to the surface, and after liquid-cooled engine [MECH ENG] An internal 1–30 minutes excess liquid is removed, and a combustion engine with a jacket cooling system developer is applied to draw the penetrant out in which liquid, usually water, is circulated to of defects, thus showing their location, shape, maintain acceptable operating temperatures of and size. { likиwəd penиəиtrənt test } machine parts. { likиwəd ¦ku¨ ld enиjən} liquid-phase hydrogenation [CHEM ENG] Hy- liquid cooling [ENG] Use of circulating liquid to drogen reaction with liquid-phase hydrogenata- cool process equipment and hermetically sealed ble material, such as unsaturated aliphatic or components such as transistors. { likиwəd и ə и əи и ŋ aromatic hydrocarbons. { lik w d fa¯z hı¯ dr ku¨ l i } jə na¯иhsən} liquid crystal display [ELECTR] A digital display liquid pint See pint. { likиwəd pı¯nt } that consists of two sheets of glass separated by liquid piston rotary compressor [MECH ENG] A a sealed-in, normally transparent, liquid crystal rotary compressor in which a multiblade rotor material; the outer surface of each glass sheet revolves in a casing partly filled with liquid, for has a transparent conductive coating such as example, water. { likиwəd ¦pisиtən ¦ro¯ dиəиre¯ tin oxide or indium oxide, with the viewing-side kəm presиər} coating etched into character-forming segments liquid seal [CHEM ENG] 1. The depth of liquid that have leads going to the edges of the display; above an opening from which gas or vapor is- a voltage applied between front and back elec- sues, as for a riser in a distillation-column tray. trode coatings disrupts the orderly arrangement 2. Product drawoff in which a depth of liquid of the molecules, darkening the liquid enough prevents the outflow of gas or vapor. { likи to form visible characters even though no light is wəd se¯l} и ə и generated. Abbreviated LCD. { lik w d krist liquid-sealed meter [ENG] A type of positive- əldi spla¯ } displacement meter for gas flows consisting of liquid extraction See solvent extraction. { likиwəd a cylindrical chamber that is more than half filled ik strakиshən} with water and divided into four rotating com- liquid filter [CHEM ENG] A device for the re- partments formed by trailing vanes; gas entering moval of solids or coalesced droplets out of a through the center shaft into one compartment liquid stream by use of a filter medium, such as after another forces rotation that allows the gas a screen, cartridge, or granular bed. { likиwəd then to exhaust out the top as it is displaced by filиtər} the water. Also known as drum meter. { likи liquid-in-glass thermometer [ENG] A thermom- wəd se¯ld me¯dиər} eter in which the thermally sensitive element is liquid semiconductor [ELECTR] An amorphous a liquid contained in a graduated glass envelope; material in solid or liquid state that possesses the indication of such a thermometer depends the properties of varying resistance induced by upon the difference between the coefficients of charge carrier injection. { likиwəd semиiи thermal expansion of the liquid and the glass; kən dəkиtər} mercury and alcohol are liquids commonly used liquid-sorbent dehumidifier [MECH ENG] A sor- in meteorological thermometers. { likиwədin bent type of dehumidifier consisting of a main ¦glas thər ma¨mиədиər} circulating fan, sorbent-air contactor, sorbent
329
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. liquid sulfur dioxide-benzene process
pump, and reactivator; dehumidification and re- this instrument is supposed to be somewhat rep- activation are continuous operations, with a resentative of that from plant growth. { livиiŋи small part of the sorbent constantly bled off from stən sfir } the main circulating system and reactivated to livre [MECH] A unit of mass, used in France, the concentration required for the desired efflu- equal to 0.5 kilogram. { le¯vиrə } ent dew point. { likиwəd ¦so˙ rиbənt de¯иyu¨ midи lixiviate [CHEM ENG] To extract a soluble com- ə fı¯иər} ponent from a solid mixture by washing or perco- liquid sulfur dioxide-benzene process [CHEM lation processes. { lik sivиe¯ a¯t} ENG] A petroleum-refinery process using a lixuration See leaching. { likиsyu˙ ra¯иshən} MECH ENG mixed solvent (SO2 and benzene) to dewax lubri- Ljungstro¨m heater [ ] Continuous, cating oils or improve their viscosity indices. regenerative, heat-transfer air heater (recupera- { likиwəd səlиfərdı¯ a¨k sı¯d ben ze¯n pra¨иsəs} tor) made of slow-moving rotors packed with liquidus line [THERMO] For a two-component closely spaced metal plates or wires with a hous- system, a curve on a graph of temperature versus ing to confine the hot and cold gases to opposite ŋи ə иə concentration which connects temperatures at sides. { yu˙ str m he¯d r} which fusion is completed as the temperature is Ljungstro¨m steam turbine [MECH ENG] A radial raised. { likиwədиəs lı¯n} outward-flow turbine having two opposed rota- ŋи ə ¦ ə и ə liquor [CHEM ENG] 1. Supernatant liquid de- tion rotors. { yu˙ str m ste¯m t r b n} canted from a liquid-solids mixture in which the load [ELEC] 1. A device that consumes electric solids have settled. 2. Liquid overflow from a power. 2. The amount of electric power that is liquid-liquid extraction unit. { likиər} drawn from a power line, generator, or other list [ENG] To lean to one side, or deviate from power source. 3. The material to be heated by the vertical. { list } an induction heater or dielectric heater. Also listening station [ENG] A radio or radar receiv- known as work. [ELECTR] The device that re- ing station that is continuously manned for vari- ceives the useful signal output of an amplifier, ous purposes, such as for radio direction finding oscillator, or other signal source. [ENG] 1. To or for gaining information about enemy elec- place ammunition in a gun, bombs on an air- plane, explosives in a missile or borehole, fuel tronic devices. { lisиənиiŋ sta¯иshən} in a fuel tank, cargo or passengers into a vehicle, listing See lashing. { listиiŋ } and the like. 2. The quantity of gas delivered or liter [MECH] A unit of volume or capacity, equal required at any particular point on a gas supply to 1 decimeter cubed, or 0.001 cubic meter, or system; develops primarily at gas-consuming 1000 cubic centimeters. Abbreviated l; L. equipment. [MECH] 1. The weight that is sup- {le¯dиər} ported by a structure. 2. Mechanical force that lithography [ELECTR] A technique used for in- is applied to a body. 3. The burden placed on tegrated circuit fabrication in which a silicon any machine, measured by units such as horse- slice is coated uniformly with a radiation-sensi- power, kilowatts, or tons. { lo¯ d} tive film, the resist, and an exposing source (such load-and-carry equipment [MECH ENG] Earth- as light, x-rays, or an electron beam) illuminates moving equipment designed to load and trans- selected areas of the surface through an interven- port material. { ¦lo¯ d ən karиe¯ i kwipиmənt } ing master template for a particular pattern. ə и əи load-carrying capacity [MECH ENG] The great- {l tha¨g r fe¯ } est weight that the end effector of a robot can live axle [MECH ENG] An axle to which wheels и ə manipulate without reducing its level of perfor- are rigidly fixed. { lı¯v ak s l} mance. { lo¯ d ¦karиe¯иiŋ kə pasиədиe¯ } live center [MECH ENG] A lathe center that fits и ə load chart [IND ENG] A graph showing the into the headstock spindle. { lı¯v sen t r} amount of work still to be performed by a factory ¦ live-end-dead-end room See LEDE room. { lı¯v producing unit such as a machine or assembly end ded end ru¨ m} group. { lo¯ d cha¨rt } live load [MECH] A moving load or a load of load compensation [CONT SYS] Compensation variable force acting upon a structure, in addition in which the compensator acts on the output to its own weight. { lı¯v lo¯ d} signal after it has generated feedback signals. live load allowance [ENG] The permissible load Also known as load stabilization. { lo¯ dka¨mи that may be added to a completed building struc- pən sa¯иshən} ture, including installations, equipment, and load deflection [MECH ENG] The change in po- personnel. { lı¯v lo¯ d ə lau˙ иəns } sition of a body when a load is applied to it. live-roller conveyor [MECH ENG] Conveying { lo¯ ddi flekиshən} machine which moves objects over a series of load diagram [CIV ENG] A diagram showing the rollers by the application of power to all or some distribution and intensity of loads on a structure. of the rollers. { lı¯v ¦ro¯ lиərkən va¯иər} { lo¯ d dı¯иə gram } live steam [MECH ENG] Steam that is being de- loaded Q [ELEC] The Q factor of an impedance livered directly from a boiler under full pressure. which is connected or coupled under working { lı¯v ste¯m} conditions. Also known as working Q. { lo¯ dи Livingstone sphere [ENG] A clay atmometer in əd kyu¨ } the form of a sphere; evaporation indicated by loaded wheel [ENG] A grinding wheel that is
330
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. location fit
dull as a result of becoming filled with particles load stress [MECH] Stress that results from a from the material being ground. { lo¯ dиəd we¯l} pressure or gravitational load. { lo¯ d stres } loader [MECH ENG] A machine such as a me- LOB See line of balance. chanical shovel used for loading bulk materials. lobe [DES ENG] A projection on a cam wheel { lo¯ dиər } or a noncircular gear wheel. [ENG ACOUS] A load factor [ELEC] The ratio of average electric portion of the directivity pattern of a transducer load to peak load, usually calculated over a 1- representing an area of increased emission or hour period. [MECH] The ratio of load to the response. { lo¯ b} maximum rated load. { lo¯ d fakиtər} lobed impeller meter [ENG] A type of positive loading [CHEM ENG] Condition of vapor overca- displacement meter in which a fluid stream is pacity in a liquid-vapor-contact tower, in which separated into discrete quantities by rotating, rising vapor lifts or holds falling liquid. [ELEC] meshing impellers driven by interlocking gears. The addition of inductance to a transmission { lo¯ bd im pelиər me¯dиər} line to improve its transmission characteristics local buckling [MECH] Buckling of thin ele- throughout a given frequency band. Also ments of a column section in a series of waves known as electrical loading. [ENG] 1. Buildup or wrinkles. { lo¯ иkəl bəkиliŋ } on a cutting tool of the material removed in local coefficient of heat transfer [THERMO] The cutting. 2. Filling the pores of a grinding wheel heat transfer coefficient at a particular point on with material removed in the grinding process. a surface, equal to the amount of heat trans- [ENG ACOUS] Placing material at the front or ferred to an infinitesimal area of the surface at rear of a loudspeaker to change its acoustic im- the point by a fluid passing over it, divided by pedance and thereby alter its radiation. the product of this area and the difference be- { lo¯ dиiŋ } tween the temperatures of the surface and the loading board [ENG] A device that holds pre- fluid. { lo¯ иkəl ko¯ иi fishиənt əv he¯t tranzиfər} forms in positions corresponding to the multiple local controller See first-level controller. { lo¯ иkəl cavities in a compression mold, thus facilitating kən tro¯ lиər} the simultaneous insertion of the preforms. localized vector [MECH] A vector whose line of { lo¯ dиiŋ bo˙ rd } application or point of application is prescribed, loading density [ENG] The number of pounds in addition to its direction. { lo¯ иkə lı¯zd vekи of explosive per foot length of drill hole. { lo¯ dи tər} iŋ denи sədиe¯ } local networking [CONT SYS] The system of loading head [MECH ENG] The part of a loader communication linking together the compo- which gathers the bulk materials. { lo¯ dиiŋ nents of a single robot. { lo¯ иkəl net wərkиiŋ } hed } local structural discontinuity [MECH] The effect loading rack [ENG] The shelter and associated of intensified stress on a small portion of a struc- equipment for the withdrawal of liquid petro- ture. { lo¯ иkəl strəkиchəиrəl dis ka¨ntиən u¨ иədиe¯ } leum or a chemical product from a storage tank locating [MECH ENG] A function of tooling and loading it into a railroad tank car or tank operations accomplished by designing and truck. { lo¯ dиiŋ rak } constructing the tooling device so as to bring loading space [ENG] Space in a compression together the proper contact points or surfaces mold for holding the plastic molding material between the workpiece and the tooling. { lo¯ before it is compressed. { lo¯ dиiŋ spa¯s} ka¯dиiŋ } loading station [MECH ENG] A device which re- locating hole [MECH ENG] A hole used to posi- ceives material and puts it on a conveyor; may tion the part in relation to a cutting tool or to be one or more plates or a hopper. { lo¯ dиiŋ other parts and gage points. { lo¯ ka¯dиiŋ ho¯ l} sta¯иshən} locating surface [MECH ENG] A surface used to loading tray [ENG] A tray with a sliding bottom position an item being manufactured in a numer- used to simultaneously load the plastic charge ical control or robotic system for clamping. into the cavities of a multicavity mold. { lo¯ dи { lo¯ ka¯dиiŋ sərиfəs} iŋ tra¯ } location analysis [DES ENG] An initial step in loading weight [ENG] Weight of a powder put the design of a robotic system consisting of a into a container. { lo¯ dиiŋ wa¯t} detailed study of all aspects of the placement of load limit [CIV ENG] The maximum weight that components such as work stations, buffers, and can be supported by a structure. [MECH ENG] materials-handling equipment, as well as acces- The maximum recommended or permitted over- sories, tools, and workpieces within a work sta- all weight of a container or a cargo-carrying vehi- tion. { lo¯ ka¯иshən ə nalиəиsəs} cle that is determined by combining the weight location dimension [DES ENG] A dimension of the empty container or vehicle with the weight which specifies the position or distance relation- of the load. { lo¯ d limиət } ship of one feature of an object with respect to load profile [ENG] A measure of the time distri- another. { lo¯ ka¯иshəndə menиchən} bution of a building’s energy requirements, in- location fit [DES ENG] The characteristic cluding the heating, cooling, and electrical loads. wherein mechanical sizes of mating parts are { lo¯ d pro¯ fı¯l } such that, when assembled, the parts are accu- load stabilization See load compensation. { lo¯ d rately positioned in relation to each other. sta¯иbəиlə za¯иshən} {lo¯ ka¯иshən fit }
331
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. locator
locator [ENG] A radar or other device designed 2. A jig or template for making cuts in a door to detect and locate airborne aircraft. { lo¯ for holding a lock. { la¨k set } ka¯dиər} lock washer [DES ENG] A solid or split washer lock [CIV ENG] A chamber with gates on both placed underneath a nut or screw that prevents ends connecting two sections of a canal or other loosening by exerting pressure. { la¨k wa¨shиər} waterway, to raise or lower the water level in locomotive [MECH ENG] A self-propelling ma- each section. [DES ENG] A fastening device in chine with flanged wheels, for moving loads on which a releasable bolt is secured. [ELECTR] railroad tracks; utilizes fuel (for steam or internal To fasten onto and automatically follow a target combustion engines), compressed air, or electric by means of a radar beam. [ENG] See air energy. { lo¯ иkə mo¯ dиiv} lock. { la¨k} locomotive boiler [MECH ENG] An internally lock bolt [ENG] 1. The bolt of a lock. 2. A bolt fixed horizontal fire-tube boiler with integral fur- equipped with a locking collar instead of a nut. nace; the doubled furnace walls contain water 3. A bolt for adjusting and securing parts of a which mixes with water in the boiler shell. { lo¯ и machine. { la¨k bo¯ lt } kə mo¯ dиiv ¦bo˙ ilиər} lock chamber [CIV ENG] A compartment be- locomotive crane MECH ENG A crane и ə [ ] tween lock gates in a canal. { la¨k cha¯m b r} mounted on a railroad flatcar or a special chassis locked-coil rope [DES ENG] A completely with flanged wheels. Also known as rail crane. smooth wire rope that resists wear, made of spe- { lo¯ иkə mo¯ dиiv ¦kra¯n} cially formed wires arranged in concentric layers loft [BUILD] 1. An upper part of a building. about a central wire core. Also known as 2. A work area in a factory or warehouse. { lo˙ ft } locked-wire rope. { la¨kt ¦ko˙ il ro¯ p} loft building [BUILD] A building with a large locked groove DES ENG A blank and continu- [ ] open floor area. { lo˙ ft bildиiŋ } ous groove placed at the end of the modulated log [ENG] The record of, or the act or process grooves on a disk recording to prevent further of recording, events or the type and characteris- travel of the pickup. Also known as concentric tics of the rock penetrated in drilling a borehole groove. { la¨kt gru¨ v} as evidenced by the cuttings, core recovered, or locked-wire rope See locked-coil rope. { la¨kt information obtained from electronic devices. ¦wı¯r ro¯ p} {la¨g} lock front [DES ENG] On a door lock or latch, the plate through which the latching or locking logarithmic amplifier [ELECTR] An amplifier bolt (or bolts) projects. { la¨k frənt } whose output signal is a logarithmic function of the input signal. { la¨gиə rithиmik amиplə fı¯иər} lock gate [CIV ENG] A movable barrier separat- ing the water in an upper or lower section of logarithmic diode [ELECTR] A diode that has an waterway from that in the lock chamber. { la¨k accurate semilogarithmic relationship between current and voltage over wide and forward dy- ga¯t} иə и locking [ELECTR] Controlling the frequency of namic ranges. { la¨g rith mik dı¯ o¯ d} an oscillator by means of an applied signal of logarithmic multiplier [ELECTR] A multiplier in constant frequency. [ENG] Automatic follow- which each variable is applied to a logarithmic ing of a target by a radar antenna. { la¨kиiŋ } function generator, and the outputs are added locking fastener [DES ENG] A fastening used to together and applied to an exponential function prevent loosening of a threaded fastener in ser- generator, to obtain an output proportional to иə и vice, for example, a seating lock, spring stop the product of two inputs. { la¨g rith mik ə и ə иə nut, interference wedge, blind, or quick release. m l t plı¯ r} { la¨kиiŋ fasиnər} logging [ENG] Continuous recording versus lock joint [DES ENG] A joint made by inter- depth of some characteristic datum of the forma- locking the joined elements, with or without tions penetrated by a drill hole; for example, other fastening. { la¨k jo˙ int } resistivity, spontaneous potential, conductivity, и locknut [DES ENG] 1. A nut screwed down firmly fluid content, radioactivity, or density. { la¨g against another or against a washer to prevent iŋ } loosening. Also known as jam nut. 2. A nut logic [ELECTR] 1. The basic principles and ap- that is self-locking when tightened. 3. A nut plications of truth tables, interconnections of on/ fitted to the end of a pipe to secure it and prevent off circuit elements, and other factors involved leakage. { la¨k nət} in mathematical computation in a computer. lockout circuit [ELECTR] A switching circuit 2. General term for the various types of gates, which responds to concurrent inputs from a flip-flops, and other on/off circuits used to per- number of external circuits by responding to one, form problem-solving functions in a digital com- and only one, of these circuits at any time. Also puter. { la¨jиik } known as finding circuit; hunting circuit. { la¨k logical gate See switching gate. { la¨jиəиkəl ga¯t} au˙ t sərиkət} logic card [ELECTR] A small fiber chassis on lock rail [BUILD] An intermediate horizontal which resistors, capacitors, transistors, magnetic structural member of a door, between the vertical cores, and diodes are mounted and intercon- stiles, at the height of the lock. { la¨k ra¯l} nected in such a way as to perform some com- lockset [ENG] 1. A complete lock including the puter function; computers employing this type lock mechanism, keys, plates, and other parts. of construction may be repaired by removing
332
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. loop
the faulty card and replacing it with a new card. longitudinal vibration [MECH] A continuing pe- { la¨jиik ka¨rd } riodic change in the displacement of elements logic high [ELECTR] The electronic representa- of a rod-shaped object in the direction of the tion of the binary digit 1 in a digital circuit or long axis of the rod. { la¨nиjə tu¨ dиənиəlvı¯ bra¯и device. { la¨jиik hı¯ }shən} logic level [ELECTR] One of the two voltages long-nose pliers [DES ENG] Small pincer with whose values have been arbitrarily chosen to long, tapered jaws. { lo˙ ŋ no¯ z plı¯иərz } represent the binary numbers 1 and 0 in a partic- long-playing record [ENG ACOUS] A 10- or 12- ular data-processing system. { la¨jиik levиəl } inch (25.4- or 30.48-centimeter) phonograph re- 1 logic low [ELECTR] The electronic representa- cord that operates at a speed of 33 /3 rpm (revo- tion of the binary digit 0 in a digital circuit or lutions per minute) and has closely spaced device. { la¨jиik lo˙ } grooves, to give playing times up to about 30 logic swing [ELECTR] The voltage difference be- minutes for one 12-inch side. Also known as tween the logic levels used for 1 and 0; magni- LP record; microgroove record. { lo˙ ŋ pla¯иiŋ tude is chosen arbitrarily for a particular system rekиərd } and is usually well under 10 volts. { la¨jиik long span [ENG] Span of open wire exceeding swiŋ } 250 feet (76 meters) in length. { lo˙ ŋ ¦span } logic switch [ELECTR] A diode matrix or other long-span steel framing [BUILD] Framing sys- switching arrangement that is capable of direct- tem used when there is a greater clear distance ing an input signal to one of several outputs. between supports than can be spanned with { la¨jиik swich } rolled beams; girders, simple trusses, arches, log line See current line. { la¨g lı¯n} rigid frames, and cantilever suspension spans log-mean temperature difference [THERMO] are used in this system. { lo˙ ŋ span ste¯l The log-mean temperature difference TLM ϭ fra¯mиiŋ } (T2 Ϫ T1)/ln T2/T1, where T2 and T1 are the absolute long-term repeatability [CONT SYS] The close (K or ЊR) temperatures of the two extremes being agreement of positional movements of a robotic averaged; used in heat transfer calculations in system repeated under identical conditions over which one fluid is cooled or heated by a second long periods of time. { lo˙ ŋ tərm ri pe¯dиə bilи held separate by pipes or process vessel walls. ədиe¯ } { la¨g ¦me¯n temиprəиchər difиrəns } long ton See ton. { lo˙ ŋ tən} long column [CIV ENG] A column so slender long-tube vertical evaporator [CHEM ENG] A that bending is the primary deformation, gener- liquid evaporator in which the material is force- ally having a slenderness ratio greater than fed into the bottom of a bundle olong, vertical 120–150. { lo˙ ŋ ¦ka¨lиəm} tubes; hot liquid on the outsides of the tubes Longhurst-Hardy plankton sampler [ENG] A transfers heat to the rising liquid feed, causing nonquantitative metal-shrouded net for trapping partial evaporation. { lo˙ ŋ tu¨ b ¦vərdиəиkəl plankton. { lo˙ ŋ hərst ha¨rиde¯ plaŋkиtən samи i vapиə ra¯dиər} plər} look angle [ENG] The solid angle in which an longitudinal acceleration [MECH] The compo- instrument operates effectively, generally used nent of the linear acceleration of an aircraft, mis- to describe radars, optical instruments, and sile, or particle parallel to its longitudinal, or X, space radiation detectors. { lu˙ k aŋиgəl} axis. { la¨nиjə tu¨ dиənиəlak selиə ra¯иshən} look box [CHEM ENG] Box with glass windows longitudinal baffle [CHEM ENG] Baffle sheets or built into distillation-column rundown lines (or plates within a process vessel (such as a heat other flow lines) so that the stream of conden- exchanger) that are parallel to the long dimen- sate from the condenser can be watched. sion of the vessel; used to direct fluid flow in { lu˙ k ba¨ks } the desired flow pattern. { la¨nиjə tu¨ dиənиəl lookout [BUILD] A horizontal wood framing bafиəl} member that extends out from the studs to the longitudinal drum boiler [MECH ENG] A boiler end of rafters and overhangs a part of a roof, in which the axis of the horizontal drum is paral- such as a gable. { lu˙ k au˙ t} lel to the tubes, both lying in the same plane. lookout station [ENG] A structure or place on { la¨nиjə tu¨ dиənиəl drəm bo˙ ilиər} shore at which personnel keep watch of events longitudinal flow reactor [CHEM ENG] Theoreti- at sea or along the shore. { lu˙ k au˙ t sta¯иshən} cal reactor system in which there is no longitudi- lookout tower [ENG] In marine operations, any nal mixing (back mixing) of reactants and prod- tower surmounted by a small house in which a ucts as they flow through the reactor, but in watch is habitually kept, as distinguished from which there is complete radial (side-to-side) mix- an observation tower in which no watch is kept. ing. { la¨nиjə tu¨ dиənиəl flo¯ re¯ akиtər} { lu˙ k au˙ t tau˙ иər} longitudinal stability [ENG] The ability of a ship loop [ELEC] 1. A closed path or circuit over or aircraft to recover a horizontal position after which a signal can circulate, as in a feedback a vertical motion of its ends about a horizontal control system. 2. Commercially, the portion axis perpendicular to the centerline. { la¨nи of a connection from central office to subscriber jə tu¨ dиənиəlstə bilиədиe¯ } in a telephone system. [ENG] 1. A reel of mo- longitudinal strain See linear strain. { la¨nиjə tu¨ dи tion picture film or magnetic tape whose ends ənиəl stra¯n } are spliced together, so that it may be played
333
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. loop control
repeatedly without interruption. 2. A closed loose pulley [MECH ENG] In belt-driven ma- circuit of pipe in which materials and compo- chinery, a pulley which turns freely on a shaft so nents may be placed to test them under different that the belt can be shifted from the driving conditions of temperature, irradiation, and so pulley to the loose pulley, thereby causing the forth. { lu¨ p } machine to stop. { lu¨ s pu˙ lиe¯ } loop control See photoelectric loop control. lopping shears [DES ENG] Long-handled { lu¨ pkən tro¯ l } shears used for pruning branches. { la¨pиiŋ loop filter [ELECTR] A low-pass filter, which may shirz } be a simple RC filter or may include an amplifier, loss [ENG] Power that is dissipated in a device and which passes the original modulating fre- or system without doing useful work. Also quencies but removes the carrier-frequency com- known as internal loss. { lo˙ s} ponents and harmonics from a frequency-modu- Lossev effect See injection electroluminescence. lated signal in a locked-oscillator detector. { lo˙ sef i fekt } { lu¨ p filиtər} loss factor [ELEC] The power factor of a mate- loop gain [CONT SYS] The ratio of the magni- rial multiplied by its dielectric constant; deter- tude of the primary feedback signal in a feedback mines the amount of heat generated in a mate- control system to the magnitude of the actuating rial. { lo˙ s fakиtər} signal. [ELECTR] Total usable power gain of a loss-in-weight feeder [MECH ENG] A device to carrier terminal or two-wire repeater; maximum apportion the output of granulated or powdered usable gain is determined by, and may not ex- solids at a constant rate from a feed hopper; ceed, the losses in the closed path. { lu¨ p ga¯n } weight-measured decrease in hopper content ac- looping [ENG] Laying a parallel pipeline along tuates further opening of the discharge chute to another, or along just a section of it, to increase compensate for flow loss as the hopper overbur- capacity. { lu¨ pиiŋ } den decreases; used in the chemical, fertilizer, loop ratio See loop transfer function. { lu¨ p ra¯и and plastics industries. { lo˙ sin wa¯t fe¯dиər} sho¯ } loss-of-head gage [ENG] A gage on a rapid loop seal [CHEM ENG] Antivapor seal for liquid sand filter, which indicates loss of head for a drawoffs from process or storage vessels; liquid filtering operation. { lo˙ s əv hed ga¯j} drawoff is made to flow through an immersed lost motion [MECH ENG] The delay between the loop or beneath an obstruction, thus sealing off movement of a driver and the movement of a vapor flow. { lu¨ p se¯l } follower. { lo˙ st mo¯ иshən} loop strength See loop tenacity. { lu¨ p streŋkth } lost time [ENG ACOUS] The period in a fre- loop tenacity [ENG] A measure of the strength quency-modulation sonar, just after flyback, dur- of a fibrous material determined by a test in ing which the sound field must be reestablished; which two linked loops of the material are pulled its duration equals travel time of the signal to against each other to determine if the material and from the target. { lo˙ st tı¯m} will cut or crush itself. Also known a loop lot [CIV ENG] A piece of land with fixed bound- strength. { lu¨ ptə nasиədиe¯ } aries. [IND ENG] A quantity of material, such loop transfer function [CONT SYS] For a feed- as propellant, the units of which were manufac- back control system, the ratio of the Laplace tured under identical conditions. Also known transform of the primary feedback signal to the as lot batch. { la¨t} Laplace transform of the actuating signal. Also lot batch See batch. { la¨t bach } known as loop ratio. { lu¨ p tranzиfər fəŋkи lot line [CIV ENG] The legal boundary line of a shən} piece of property. { la¨t lı¯n} loop transmittance [CONT SYS] 1. The transmit- lot number [IND ENG] Identification number as- tance between the source and sink created by signed to a particular quantity or lot of material the splitting of a specified node in a signal flow from a single manufacturer. { la¨t nəmиbər} graph. 2. The transmittance between the lot plot method [IND ENG] A variables accep- source and sink created by the splitting of a node tance sampling plan based on the frequency plot which has been inserted in a specified branch of a random sample of 50 items taken from a of a signal flow graph in such a way that the lot. { la¨t ¦pla¨t methиəd} transmittance of the branch is unchanged. lot tolerance percent defective [IND ENG] The { lu¨ p tranz mitиəns } percent of defectives in a lot which is considered loop tunnel [ENG] A tunnel which is looped or bad and should be rejected for some specified folded back on itself to gain grade in a tunnel fraction, usually 90, of the time. { la¨t ¦ta¨lиəи location. { lu¨ p tənиəl} rəns pər¦sent di fekиtiv} loose-detail mold [ENG] A plastics mold with loudness control [ENG ACOUS] A combination parts that come out with the molded piece. volume and tone control that boosts bass fre- { lu¨ s ¦de¯ ta¯l mo¯ ld } quencies when the control is set for low volume, loose fit [DES ENG] A fit with enough clearance to compensate automatically for the reduced re- to allow free play of the joined members. sponse of the ear to low frequencies at low vol- { lu¨ s fit } ume levels. Also known as compensated vol- loose-joint butt [DES ENG] A knuckle hinge in ume control. { lau˙ dиnəskən tro¯ l} which the pin on one half slides easily into a loudspeaker [ENG ACOUS] A device that con- slot on the other half. { lu¨ s ¦jo˙ int bət } verts electrical signal energy into acoustical
334
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. low-pass filter
energy, which it radiates into a bounded space, low-frequency impedance corrector [ELEC] such as a room, or into outdoor space. Also Electric network designed to be connected to a known as speaker. { lau˙ d spe¯kиər} basic network, or to a basic network and a build- loudspeaker dividing network See crossover net- ing-out network, so that the combination will work. { lau˙ d spe¯kиərdi vı¯dиiŋ net wərk } simulate, at low frequencies, the sending-end loudspeaker voice coil See voice coil. { lau˙ d impedance, including dissipation, of a line. spe¯kиər vo˙ is ko˙ il } { lo¯ fre¯иkwənиse¯ im pe¯dиəns kə rekиtər} louver [BUILD] An opening in a wall or ceiling low-frequency induction furnace [ENG] An in- with slanted or sloping slats to allow sunlight duction furnace in which current flow at the com- and ventilation and exclude rain; may be fixed mercial power-line frequency is induced in the or adjustable, and may be at the opening of a charge to be heated. { lo¯ fre¯иkwənиse¯ in¦dəkи ventilating duct. Also known as outlet ventila- shən fərиnəs} tor. [ENG] Any arrangement of fixed or adjust- low heat value [THERMO] The heat value of a able slatlike openings to provide ventilation. combustion process assuming that none of the [ENG ACOUS] An arrangement of concentric or water vapor resulting from the process is con- parallel slats or equivalent grille members used densed out, so that its latent heat is not avail- to conceal and protect a loudspeaker while able. Also known as lower heating value; net и allowing sound waves to pass. { lu¨ иvər} heating value. { lo¯ he¯t val yu¨ } lowboy [MECH ENG] A trailer with low ground low-helix drill [DES ENG] A two-flute twist drill clearance for hauling construction equipment. with a lower helix angle than a conventional drill. и { lo boi} Also known as slow-spiral drill. { lo¯ he¯ liks ¯ ˙ Lowenhertz thread [DES ENG] A screw thread dril } that differs from U.S. Standard form in that the low-impedance measurement [ELECTR] The angle between the flanks measured on an axial measurement of an impedance which is small Њ Ј enough to necessitate use of indirect methods. plane is 53 8 ; height equals 0.75 times the pitch, иə иə и ə and width of flats at top and bottom equals 0.125 { lo¯ im pe¯d ns mezh r m nt } times the pitch. { lo¯ иən hərts thred } low-intensity atomizer [MECH ENG] A type of electrostatic atomizer operating on the principle lower chord [CIV ENG] The bottom member of that atomization is the result of Rayleigh insta- a truss. { lo¯ иər ¦ko˙ rd } bility, in which the presence of charge in the lower control limit [IND ENG] The horizontal surface counteracts surface tension. { lo in line drawn on a control chart at a specified dis- ¯ tenиsədиe adиə mı¯zиər} tance below the central line; points plotted be- ¯ low level [ELECTR] The less positive of the two low the lower control limit indicate that the proc- logic levels or states in a digital logic system. ess may be out of control. { ¦lo¯ иərkən tro¯ l { lo¯ levиəl} limиət} low-level condenser [MECH ENG] A direct-con- lower half-power frequency ELECTR The fre- [ ] tact water-cooled steam condenser that uses a quency on an amplifier response curve which is pump to remove liquid from a vacuum space. smaller than the frequency for peak response { lo¯ levиəlkən denиsər} and at which the output voltage is 1Ί2 of its low-level logic circuit [ELECTR] A modification midband or other refer { lo¯ иər haf pau˙ иər fre¯и ə и of a diode-transistor logic circuit in which a resis- kw n se¯ } tor and capacitor in parallel are replaced by a lower heating value See low heat value. { lo¯ иər и ŋ и diode, with the result that a relatively small volt- he¯d i val yu¨ } age swing is required at the base of the transistor lower pair [MECH ENG] A link in a mechanism to switch it on or off. Abbreviated LLL circuit. in which the mating parts have surface (instead { lo levиəl la¨jиik sərиkət} иə ə ¯ of line or point) contact. { lo¯ r p r} low-lift truck [MECH ENG] A hand or powered lowest safe waterline [MECH ENG] The lowest lift truck that raises the load sufficiently to make water level in a boiler drum at which the burner it mobile. { lo¯ lift trək} иə ¦ иə may safely operate. { lo¯ st sa¯f wo˙ d r lı¯n} low-loss [ELEC] Having a small dissipation of low-frequency compensation [ELECTR] Com- electric or electromagnetic power. { lo¯ ¦lo˙ s} pensation that serves to extend the frequency low-noise preamplifier [ELECTR] A low-noise range of a broad-band amplifier to lower fre- amplifier placed in a system prior to the main quencies. { lo¯ fre¯иkwənиse¯ ka¨mиpə sa¯иshən} amplifier, sometimes close to the source; used low-frequency current [ELEC] An alternating to establish a satisfactory noise figure at an early current having a frequency of less than about point in the system. { lo¯ no˙ iz pre¯ amиplə fı¯и 300 kilohertz. { lo¯ fre¯иkwənиse¯ kəиrənt } ər} low-frequency cutoff [ELECTR] A frequency be- low-pass band-pass transformation See frequency low which the gain of a system or device de- transformation. { lo¯ pas band pas tranzи creases rapidly. { lo¯ fre¯иkwənиse¯ kə do˙ f} fər ma¯иshən} low-frequency gain [ELECTR] The gain of the low-pass filter [ELEC] A filter that transmits al- voltage amplifier at frequencies less than those ternating currents below a given cutoff frequency frequencies at which this gain is close to its and substantially attenuates all other currents. maximum value. { lo¯ fre¯иkwənиse¯ ga¯n} { lo¯ pas filиtər}
335
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. low-population zone
low-population zone [ENG] An area of low pop- of electric motors due to loss of electromotive ulation density sometimes required around a force. { lo¯ vo¯ lиtij } nuclear installation; the number and density of low-water fuel cutoff [MECH ENG] A float device residents is of concern in providing, with reason- which shuts off fuel supply and burner when able probability, that effective protection meas- boiler water level drops below the lowest safe ures can be taken if a serious accident should waterline. { lo¯ wo˙ dиər fyu¨ l kə do˙ f} occur. { lo¯ pa¨pиə la¯иshən zo¯ n} lozenge file [DES ENG] A small file with four low-pressure area [MECH ENG] The point in a sides and a lozenge-shaped cross section; used bearing where the pressure is the least and the in forming dies. { la¨zиənj fı¯l} area or space for a lubricant is the greatest. { lo¯ L pad [ENG ACOUS] A volume control having ¦preshиər erиe¯иə } essentially the same impedance at all settings. low-pressure torch [ENG] A type of torch in { el pad } which acetylene enters a mixing chamber, where LP record See long-playing record. { ¦el¦pe¯ rekи it meets a jet of high-pressure oxygen; the ərd } amount of acetylene drawn into the flame is con- LQG problem See linear-quadratic-Gaussian prob- trolled by the velocity of this oxygen jet. Also lem. { ¦el¦kyu¨ ¦je¯ pra¨bиləm} known as injector torch. { lo¯ ¦preshиər to˙ rch } LSAdiode [ELECTR] A microwave diode in low-Q filter [ELECTR] A filter in which the energy which a space charge is developed in the semi- dissipated in each cycle is a fairly large fraction of conductor by the applied electric field and is the energy stored in the filter. { lo¯ ¦kyu¨ filиtər} dissipated during each cycle before it builds up low-reactance grounding [ELEC] Use of appreciably, thereby limiting transit time and in- grounding connections with a moderate amount creasing the maximum frequency of oscillation. of inductance to effect a moderate reduction in Derived from limited space-charge accumulation the short-circuit current created by a line-to- diode. { ¦el¦es¦a¯ dı¯ o¯ d} ground fault. { lo¯ re¯¦akиtəns grau˙ ndиiŋ } LSI circuit See large-scale integrated circuit. Lowry process [ENG] A system for wood pres- { ¦el¦es ¯ı sərиkət} ervation which uses atmospheric pressure at the L-1 test [ENG] A 480-hour engine test in a sin- start and then introduces preservative into the gle-cylinder Caterpillar diesel engine to deter- wood in a vacuum. { lau˙ иre¯ pra¨иsəs } mine the detergency of heavy-duty lubricating low-speed wind tunnel [ENG] A wind tunnel oils. { ¦el wən test } that has a speed up to 300 miles (480 kilometers) L-2 test [ENG] An engine test made in a single- per hour and the essential features of most wind cylinder Caterpillar diesel engine to determine tunnels. { lo¯ spe¯d win tənиəl } the oiliness of an engine oil. Also known as low-technology robot [CONT SYS] The simplest scoring test. { ¦el tu¨ test } type of robot, with only two or three degrees L-3 test [ENG] An engine test in a four-cylinder of freedom, and only the end points of motion Caterpillar engine to determine stability of specified, using fixed and adjustable stops. crankcase oil at high temperatures and under { lo¯ tek¦na¨lиəиje¯ ro¯ ba¨t} severe operating conditions. { ¦el thre¯ test } low-temperature carbonization [CHEM ENG] L-4 test [ENG] An engine test in a six-cylinder Low-temperature destructive distillation of coal spark-ignition Chevrolet engine to evaluate to produce liquid products. { lo¯ temиprəиchər crankcase oil oxidation stability, bearing corro- ka¨rиbəиnə za¯иshən} sion, and engine deposits. { ¦el fo˙ r test } low-temperature hygrometry [ENG] The study L-5 test [ENG] An engine test in a General that deals with the measurement of water vapor Motors diesel engine to determine detergency, at low temperatures; the techniques used differ corrosiveness, ring sticking, and oxidation stabil- from those of conventional hygrometry because ity properties of lubricating oils. { ¦el fı¯v test } of the extremely small amounts of moisture pres- LTPD See lot tolerance percent defective. ent at low temperatures and the difficulties lubricator [ENG] A device for applying a lubri- imposed by the increase of the time constants cant. { lu¨ иbrə ka¯dиər} of the standard instruments when operated Luckiesh-Moss visibility meter [ENG] A type of at these temperatures. { lo¯ temиprəиchərhı¯ photometer that consists of two variable-density gra¨mиəиtre¯ } filters (one for each eye) that are adjusted so low-temperature separation [CHEM ENG] Li- that an object seen through them is just barely quid condensate recovery from wet gases at tem- discernible; the reduction in visibility produced peratures of 20 to Ϫ20ЊF(Ϫ6.7 to Ϫ28.9ЊC), the by the filters is read on a scale of relative visibility temperature range at which the gas-oil separator related to a standard task. { lu¨ ke¯sh mo˙ s vizи operates. { lo¯ temиprəиchər sepиə ra¯иshən} ə bilиədиe¯ me¯dиər} low velocity [MECH] Muzzle velocity of an artil- Ludwig-Soret effect [THERMO] A phenomenon lery projectile of 2499 feet (762 meters) per sec- in which a temperature gradient in a mixture of ond or less. { lo¯ və la¨sиədиe¯ } substances gives rise to a concentration gradi- low voltage [ELEC] 1. Voltage which is small ent. { ¦lu˙ d vik sə ra¯ i fekt } enough to be regarded as safe for indoor use, Luenberger observer [CONT SYS] A compensa- usually 120 volts in the United States. 2. Volt- tor driven by both the inputs and measurable age which is less than that needed for normal outputs of a control system. { lu¨ n bərgиər operation; a result of low voltage may be burnout əb zərиvər}
336
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. lysimeter
lug [DES ENG] A projection or head on a metal (usually nonlinear) by examining the sign-defini- part to serve as a cap, handle, support, or fitting tive properties of an associated Lyapunov func- connection. { ləg } tion. { le¯ apиə no˙ fstə bilиədиe¯ krı¯ tirиe¯иən} lug bolt [DES ENG] 1. A bolt with a flat extension lyophilization [CHEM ENG] Rapid freezing of a or hook instead of a head. 2. A bolt designed ə material, especially biological specimens for for securing a lug. { l g bo¯ lt } preservation, at a very low temperature followed lung-governed breathing apparatus [ENG] A by rapid dehydration by sublimation in a high breathing apparatus in which the oxygen that is vacuum. { lı¯ a¨fиəиlə za¯иshən} supplied to the wearer is governed by the wear- er’s demand. { ləŋ ¦gəvиərnd bre¯thиiŋ apи lysimeter [ENG] An instrument for measuring ə radиəs} the water percolating through soils and de- Lyapunov stability criterion [CONT SYS] A termining the materials dissolved by the water. method of determining the stability of systems {lı¯ simиədиər}
337
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. This page intentionally left blank.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. M
m See meter. clamped in the chuck of a power-driven machine. macadam [CIV ENG] Uniformly graded stones {mə she¯n fı¯l} consolidated by rolling to form a road surface; machine-gun microphone See line microphone. may be bound with water or cement, or coated {mə she¯n gən mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} with tar or bitumen. { mə kadиəm} machine-hour [IND ENG] A unit representing maceration [CHEM ENG] The process of ex- the operation of one machine for 1 hour; used tracting fragrant oils from flower petals by im- in the determination of costs and economics. иə и mersing them in hot molten fat. { mas ra¯ {mə she¯n ¦au˙ r} ə sh n} machine idle time [IND ENG] Time during a work machete [DES ENG] A knife with a broad blade cycle when a machine is idle, awaiting comple- 2 to 3 feet (60 to 90 centimeters) long. tion of manual work. { mə she¯n ¯ıdиəl tı¯m} {mə shedиe¯ or mə chedиe¯ } и ə machine interference [IND ENG] A situation in Mach indicator See Machmeter. { ma¨k in d which two or more units of equipment simulta- ka¯dиər} neously require service. { mə she¯n inиtər firи machine [MECH ENG] A combination of rigid or ə resistant bodies having definite motions and ns } capable of performing useful work. { mə she¯n} machine key [DES ENG] A piece inserted be- tween a shaft and a hub to prevent relative rota- machine attention time [IND ENG] Time during ə which a machine operator must observe the tion. Also known as key. { m she¯n ke¯ } machine’s functioning and be available for im- machine loading [IND ENG] 1. Feeding work mediate servicing, while not actually operating into a machine. 2. Planning the amount of use or servicing the machine. Also known as service of a unit of equipment during a given time pe- time. { mə she¯n ə tenиchən tı¯m} riod. { mə she¯n lo¯ dиiŋ } machine bolt [DES ENG] A heavy-weight bolt machine-paced operation [IND ENG] The pro- with a square, hexagonal, or flat head used in portion of an operation cycle during which the the automotive, aircraft, and machinery fields. machine controls the speed of work progress. {mə she¯n bo¯ lt } {mə she¯n ¦pa¯st a¨pиə ra¯иshən} machine capability [IND ENG] A qualitative or machine rating [MECH ENG] The power that a quantitative statement of the performance po- machine can draw or deliver without overheat- tential of a specific item of power equipment. ing. { mə she¯n ra¯dиiŋ } {mə¦she¯n ka¯иpə bilиədиe¯ } machine run See run. { mə she¯n ¦rən} machine controlled time [IND ENG] The time machinery [MECH ENG] A group of parts or ma- necessary for a machine to complete the auto- chines arranged to perform a useful function. matic portion of a work cycle. Also known as {mə she¯nиre¯ } independent machine time; machine element; ə ə ¦ machine screw [DES ENG] A blunt-ended screw machine time. { m she¯nk n tro¯ ld tı¯m} with a standardized thread and a head that may machine design [DES ENG] Application of sci- be flat, round, fillister, or oval, and may be slot- ence and invention to the development, specifi- cation, and construction of machines. { mə ted, or constructed for wrenching; used to fasten machine parts together. { mə she¯n skru¨ } she¯ndizı¯n} ə machine drill [MECH ENG] Any mechanically machine setting See mechanical setting. { m и ŋ driven diamond, rotary, or percussive drill. she¯n sed i } {mə she¯n dril } machine shop [ENG] A workshop in which work, machine element [DES ENG] Any of the elemen- metal or other material, is machined to specified tary mechanical parts, such as gears, bearings, size and assembled. { mə she¯n sha¨p} fasteners, screws, pipes, springs, and bolts used machine shot capacity [ENG] In injection as essentially standardized components for most molding, the maximum weight of a given thermo- devices, apparatus, and machinery. See machine plastic resin which can be displaced by a single controlled time. { mə she¯n elиəиmənt } stroke of the injection ram. { mə she¯n sha¨t machine file [DES ENG] A file that can be kə pasиədиe¯ }
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. machine taper
machine taper [MECH ENG] A taper that pro- MADT See microalloy diffused transistor. vides a connection between a tool, arbor, or cen- MAG See maximum available gain. ter and its mating part to ensure and maintain magazine [ENG] 1. A storage area for explo- accurate alignment between the parts; permits sives. 2. A building, compartment, or structure easy separation of parts. { mə she¯n ta¯иpər } constructed and located for the storage of explo- machine-tight [ENG] The extent of the tight- sives or ammunition. { ¦magиə¦ze¯n} ening of a screwed fitting that can be accom- magnesite wheel [ENG] A grinding wheel made plished without damaging or stripping the with magnesium oxychloride as the bonding thread. { mə she¯n tı¯t } agent. { magиnə sı¯t we¯l} machine time See machine controlled time. magnetic balance [ENG] 1. A device for de- {mə she¯n tı¯m } termining the repulsion or attraction between machine tool [MECH ENG] A stationary power- magnetic poles, in which one magnet is sus- driven machine for the shaping, cutting, turning, pended and the forces needed to cancel the ef- boring, drilling, grinding, or polishing of solid fects of bringing a pole of another magnet close parts, especially metals. { mə she¯n tu¨ l } to one end are measured. 2. Any device for machine utilization [ENG] The percentage of measuring the small forces involved in determin- time that a machine is actually in use. ing paramagnetic or diamagnetic susceptibility. {mə she¯n yu¨ dиəlиə za¯иshən} { mag nedиik balиəns } machining [MECH ENG] Performing various cut- magnetic bearing [MECH ENG] A device incor- ting or grinding operations on a piece of work. porating magnetic forces to cause a shaft to levi- {mə she¯nиiŋ } tate and float in a magnetic field without any machining center [MECH ENG] Manufacturing contact between the rotating and stationary ele- equipment that removes metal under computer ments. { mag nedиik berиiŋ } numerical control by making use of several axes magnetic brake [MECH ENG] A friction brake and a variety of tools and operations. under the control of an electromagnet. {mə she¯nиiŋ senиtər} { mag nedиik bra¯k} machinist’s file [DES ENG] A type of double-cut magnetic chuck [MECH ENG] A chuck in which file that removes metal fast and is used for rough the workpiece is held by magnetic force. metal filing. { mə she¯иnəsts fil } { mag nedиik chək} Machmeter [ENG] An instrument that meas- magnetic clutch See magnetic fluid clutch; mag- ures and indicates speed relative to the speed netic friction clutch. { mag nedиik kləch } of sound, that is, indicates the Mach number. magnetic cutter [ENG ACOUS] A cutter in which Also known as Mach indicator. { ma¨k me¯dиər } the mechanical displacements of the recording macroanalytical balance [ENG] A relatively stylus are produced by the action of magnetic large type of analytical balance that can weigh fields. { mag nedиik kədиər} loads of up to 200 grams to the nearest 0.1 milli- magnetic drag dynamometer See eddy-current gram. { makиro¯ anиə lidиəиkəl balиəns } brake. { mag nedиik ¦drag dı¯иnə ma¨mиədиər} macroelement [IND ENG] An element of a work magnetic drum See drum. { mag nedиik drəm} cycle whose time span is long enough to be magnetic drum storage See drum. { mag nedиik observed and measured with a stopwatch. ¦drəm sto˙ rиij } { ¦makиro¯ elиəиmənt } magnetic earphone [ENG ACOUS] An earphone macromechanics See composite macromechanics. in which variations in electric current produce { ¦makиro¯ иmə kanиiks } variations in a magnetic field, causing motion of macrorheology [MECH] A branch of rheology in a diaphragm. { mag nedиik ir fo¯ n} which materials are treated as homogeneous or magnetic element [ENG] That part of an instru- quasi-homogeneous, and processes are treated ment producing or influenced by magnetism. as isothermal. { ¦makиro¯ иre¯ a¨lиəиje¯ } { mag nedиik elиəиmənt } macroscopic anisotropy [ENG] Phenomenon magnetic field sensor [ENG] A proximity sen- in electrical downhole logging wherein electric sor that uses a combination of a reed switch and current flows more easily along sedimentary a magnet to detect the presence of a magnetic strata beds than perpendicular to them. { ¦makи field. { mag nedиik fe¯ld senиsər} rə¦ska¨pиik anиə sa¨иtrə pe¯ } magnetic filter [CHEM ENG] Filtration device in macroscopic property See thermodynamic prop- which the filter screen is magnetized to trap and erty. { ¦makиrə¦ska¨pиik pra¨pиərdиe¯ } remove fine iron from liquids or liquid suspen- macrotome [ENG] A device for making large an- sions being filtered. { mag nedиik filиtər} atomical sections. { makиrə to¯ m} magnetic fluid clutch [MECH ENG] A friction madistor [ELECTR] A cryogenic semiconductor clutch that is engaged by magnetizing a liquid device in which injection plasma can be steered suspension of powdered iron located between or controlled by transverse magnetic fields, to pole pieces mounted on the input and output give the action of a switch. { ma disиtər} shafts. Also known as magnetic clutch. Madsen impedance meter [ENG] An instru- { mag nedиik ¦flu¨ иəd kləch } ment for measuring the acoustic impedance of magnetic flux quantum [ELEC] A fundamental normal and deaf ears, based on the principle of unit of magnetic flux, the total magnetic flux in the Wheatstone bridge. { madиzənim pe¯dиəns a fluxoid in a type II superconductor, equal to me¯dиər} h/(2e), where h is Planck’s constant and e is the
340
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. magnetoelectronics
magnitude of the electron charge, or approxi- iron, nickel, or titanium, or nonmagnetic depos- mately 2.07 ϫ 10Ϫ15 weber. { mag nedиik fləks its which either contain magnetic gangue miner- kwa¨nиtəm} als or are associated with magnetic structures. magnetic force microscopy [ENG] The use of { mag nedиik pra¨ spekиtiŋ } an atomic force microscope to measure the gra- magnetic pulley [ENG] Magnetized pulley de- dient of a magnetic field acting on a tip made vice for a conveyor belt; removes tramp iron from of a magnetic material, by monitoring the shift dry products being moved by the belt. of the natural frequency of the cantilever due to { mag nedиik pu˙ lиe¯ } the magnetic force as the tip is scanned over the magnetic read/write head See magnetic head. sample. { mag¦nedиik ¦fo˙ rs mı¯ kra¨иskəиpe¯ } { mag nedиik ¦re¯d ¦rı¯t hed } magnetic friction clutch [MECH ENG] A friction magnetic resonance imaging [ENG] A tech- clutch in which the pressure between the friction nique in which an object placed in a spatially surfaces is produced by magnetic attraction. varying magnetic field is subjected to a pulse и Also known as magnetic clutch. { mag ned ik of radio-frequency radiation, and the resulting и ə ə frik sh n kl ch } nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are com- magnetic hardness comparator [ENG] A device bined to give cross-sectional images. Abbrevi- for checking the hardness of steel parts by plac- ated MRI. { mag nedиik rezиənиəns imиijиiŋ } ing a unit of known proper hardness within an magnetic separator [ENG] A machine for sepa- induction coil; the unit to be tested is then rating magnetic from less magnetic or nonmag- placed within a similar induction coil, and the netic materials by using strong magnetic fields; behavior of the induction coils compared; if the used for example, in tramp iron removal, or con- standard and test units have the same magnetic centration and purification. { mag nedиik sepи properties, the hardness of the two units is con- ə ra¯dиər} sidered to be the same. { mag nedиik ha¨rdиnəs magnetic sound track [ENG ACOUS] A magnetic kəm parиədиər} tape, attached to a motion picture film, on which magnetic head [ELECTR] The electromagnet a sound recording is made. { mag nedиik used for reading, recording, or erasing signals sau˙ n trak } on a magnetic disk, drum, or tape. Also known magnetic source imaging ENG A method of as magnetic read/write head. { mag nedиik [ ] hed } mapping electric currents within an object, particularly currents associated with biological magnetic induction gyroscope [ENG] A gyro- scope without moving parts, in which alternat- activity, by using an array of SQUID magneto- ing- and direct-current magnetic fields act on meters to detect the resulting magnetic fields surrounding the object. Abbreviated MSI. water doped with salts which exhibit nuclear и и и ŋ paramagnetism. { mag nedиik in¦dəkиshən jı¯и { mag ned ik so˙ rs im ij i } ə magnetic speaker See magnetic loudspeaker. r sko¯ p} и иə magnetic loudspeaker [ENG ACOUS] Loud- { mag ned ik spe¯k r} speaker in which acoustic waves are produced magnetic tunnel junction [ELECTR] A magnetic by mechanical forces resulting from magnetic storage and switching device in which two mag- reactions. Also known as magnetic speaker. netic layers are separated by an insulating bar- { mag nedиik lau˙ d spe¯kиər} rier, typically aluminum oxide, that is only 1–2 magnetic microphone [ENG ACOUS] A micro- nanometers thick, allowing an electronic current phone consisting of a diaphragm acted upon whose magnitude depends on the orientation by sound waves and connected to an armature of both magnetic layers to tunnel through the which varies the reluctance in a magnetic field barrier when it is subject to a small electric bias. surrounded by a coil. Also known as reluctance { mag¦nedиik tənиəl jəŋkиshən} microphone; variable-reluctance microphone. magneto [ELEC] An alternating-current genera- { mag nedиik mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} tor that uses one or more permanent magnets magnetic pickup See variable-reluctance pickup. to produce its magnetic field; frequently used as { mag nedиik pi kəp} a source of ignition energy on tractor, marine, magnetic potentiometer [ENG] Instrument that industrial, and aviation engines. Also known measures magnetic potential differences. as magnetoelectric generator. { mag ne¯dиo¯ } { mag nedиik pə tenиche¯ a¨mиədиər} magneto anemometer [ENG] A cup anemome- magnetic pressure transducer [ENG] A type of ter with its shaft mechanically coupled to a mag- pressure transducer in which a change of pres- net; both the frequency and amplitude of the sure is converted into a change of magnetic re- voltage generated are proportional to the wind luctance or inductance when one part of a mag- speed, and may be indicated or recorded by suit- netic circuit is moved by a pressure-sensitive able electrical instruments. { mag ne¯dиo¯ anи element, such as a bourdon tube, bellows, or ə ma¨mиədиər} diaphragm. { mag nedиik preshиər tranz du¨ и magnetocaloric effect [THERMO] The revers- sər} ible change of temperature accompanying the magnetic prospecting [ENG] Carrying out air- change of magnetization of a ferromagnetic ma- borne or ground surveys of variations in the terial. { mag¦ne¯dиo¯ иkə lo˙ rиik i fekt } earth’s magnetic field, using a magnetometer or magnetoelectronics [ELECTR] The use of elec- other equipment, to locate magnetic deposits of tron spin (as opposed to charge) in electronic
341
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. magnetometer
devices. Also known as spin electronics; spin- aluminum wire used in the coils of all types of tronics. { mag nedиo¯ иiиlek tra¨nиiks } electromagnetic machines and devices. { magи magnetometer [ENG] An instrument for mea- nət wı¯r} suring the magnitude and sometimes also the magnistor [ELECTR] A device that utilizes the direction of a magnetic field, such as the earth’s effects of magnetic fields on injection plasmas magnetic field. { magиnə ta¨mиədиər} in semiconductors such as indium antimonide. magnetooptic recording [ENG] An erasable { mag nisиtər} data storage technology in which data are stored main [ELEC] 1. One of the conductors ex- on a rotating disk in a thin magnetic layer that tending from the service switch, generator bus, may be switched between two magnetization or converter bus to the main distribution center states by the combination of a magnetic field and in interior wiring. 2. See power transmission a pulse of light from a diode laser. { mag nedи line. [ENG] A duct or pipe that supplies or o¯ a¨pиtik ri ko˙ rdиiŋ } drains ancillary branches. { ma¯n} magnetoresistance [ELECTR] The change in main bearing [MECH ENG] One of the bearings the electrical resistance of a material when it that support the crankshaft in an internal com- is subjected to an applied magnetic field, this bustion engine. { ¦ma¯n berиiŋ } property has widespread application in sensors main firing [ENG] The firing of a round of shots and magnetic read heads. { mag¦ne¯dиo¯ иri zisи by means of current supplied by a transformer təns } fed from a main power supply. { ma¯n fı¯rиiŋ } magnetoresistive memory [ELECTR] A random- main shaft [MECH ENG] The line of shafting re- access memory that uses the magnetic state of ceiving its power from the engine or motor and small ferromagnetic regions to store data, plus transmitting power to other parts. { ma¯n magnetoresistive devices to read the data, all shaft } integrated with silicon integrated-circuit elec- maintainability [ENG] 1. The ability of equip- tronics. { mag nedиo¯ иri zisиtiv memиre¯ } ment to meet operational objectives with a mini- magnetoresistor [ELECTR] Magnetic field-con- mum expenditure of maintenance effort under trolled variable resistor. { mag¦ne¯dиo¯ иri zisиtər } operational environmental conditions in which magnetostrictive filter [ELECTR] Filter network scheduled and unscheduled maintenance is per- which uses the magnetostrictive phenomena to formed. 2. Quantitatively, the probability that form high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, or band- an item will be restored to specified conditions elimination filters; the impedance characteristic within a given period of time when maintenance is the inverse of that of a crystal. { mag¦ne¯dи action is performed in accordance with pre- o¯ ¦strikиtiv filиtər } scribed procedures and resources. { ma¯n ta¯и magnetostrictive loudspeaker [ENG ACOUS] nə bilиədиe¯ } Loudspeaker in which the mechanical forces re- maintenance [IND ENG] The upkeep of indus- sult from the deformation of a material having trial facilities and equipment. { ma¯ntиənиəns } magnetostrictive properties. { mag¦ne¯dиo¯ ¦strikи maintenance engineering [IND ENG] The func- tiv lau˙ d spe¯kиər} tion of providing policy guidance for mainte- magnetostrictive microphone [ENG ACOUS] nance activities, and of exercising technical and Microphone which depends for its operation on management review of maintenance programs. the generation of an electromotive force by the { ma¯ntиənиəns enиjə nirиiŋ } deformation of a material having magneto- maintenance kit [ENG] A collection of items not strictive properties. { mag¦ne¯dиo¯ ¦strikиtiv mı¯и all having the same basic name, which are of a krə fo¯ n} supplementary nature to a major component or magnetostrictive oscillator [ELECTR] An oscil- equipment; the items within the collection may lator whose frequency is controlled by a magne- provide replacement parts and facilitate such tostrictive element. { mag¦ne¯dиo¯ ¦strikиtiv a¨sи functions as inspection, test repair, or preventive ə la¯dиər} types of maintenance, for the specific purpose magnetovision [ENG] A method of measuring of restoring and improving the operational sta- and displaying magnetic field distributions in tus of a component or equipment comparable which scanning results from a thin-film Permal- to its original capacity and efficiency. { ma¯ntи loy magnetoresistive sensor are processed nu- ənиəns kit } merically and presented in the form of a color maintenance vehicle [ENG] Vehicle used for map on a video display unit. { mag nedи carrying parts, equipment, and personnel for ə vizhиən } maintenance or evacuation of vehicles. magnetron [ELECTR] One of a family of { ma¯ntиənиəns ve¯иəиkəl} crossed-field microwave tubes, wherein elec- major assembly [ENG] A self-contained unit of trons, generated from a heated cathode, move individual identity; a completed assembly of under the combined force of a radial electric field component parts ready for operation, but uti- and an axial magnetic field in such a way as to lized as a portion of, and intended for further produce microwave radiation in the frequency installation in, an end item or major item. range 1–40 gigahertz; a pulsed microwave radia- { ma¯иjər ə semиble¯ } tion source for radar, and continuous source for major defect [IND ENG] Defect which causes se- microwave cooking. { magиnə tra¨n} rious malfunctioning of a product. { ma¯иjər magnet wire [ELEC] The insulated copper or de¯ fekt }
342
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. M-A-N scavenging system
major diameter [DES ENG] The largest diameter with special reference to the atomic bomb. of a screw thread, measured at the crest for an { man hatиən pra¨ jekt } external (male) thread and at the root for an manhead See manhole. { man hed } internal (female) thread. { ma¯иjərdı¯ amиədи manhole [ENG] An opening to provide access ər } to a tank or boiler, to underground passages, or majority carrier [ELECTR] The type of carrier, in a deck or bulkhead of a ship; usually covered that is, electron or hole, that constitutes more with a cast iron or steel plate. Also known as than half the carriers in a semiconductor. access hole; manhead. { man ho¯ l} {mə ja¨rиədиe¯ karиe¯иər} man-hour [IND ENG] A unit of measure repre- majority emitter [ELECTR] Of a transistor, an senting one person working for one hour. electrode from which a flow of minority carriers { man au˙ r} enters the interelectrode region. { mə ja¨rиədиe¯ manifold [ENG] The branch pipe arrangement i midиər } which connects the valve parts of a multicylinder major repair [ENG] Repair work on items of ma- engine to a single carburetor or to a muffler. terial or equipment that need complete overhaul { manиə fo¯ ld } or substantial replacement of parts, or that re- manifolding [ENG] The gathering of multiple- quire special tools. { ma¯иjərri per } line fluid inputs into a single intake chamber makeup air [ENG] The volume of air required (intake manifold), or the division of a single fluid to replace air exhausted from a given space. supply into several outlet streams (distribution { ma¯k əp er } manifold). { manиə fo¯ ldиiŋ } makeup water [CHEM ENG] Water feed needed manifold pressure [MECH ENG] The pressure in to replace that which is lost by evaporation or the intake manifold of an internal combustion leakage in a closed-circuit, recycle operation. engine. { manиə fo¯ ld preshиər} { ma¯ kəp wo˙ dиər} manikin [ENG] A correctly proportioned doll- male connector [ELEC] An electrical connector like figure that is jointed and will assume any with protruding contacts for joining with a fe- human position and hold it; useful in art to draw male connector. { ma¯lkə nekиtər } a human figure in action, or in medicine to show mallet [DES ENG] An implement with a barrel- the relations of organs by means of movable shaped head made of wood, rubber, or other soft parts. { manиəиkən} material; used for driving another tool, such as manipulative grasp See tripodal grasp. { mə¦nipи a chisel, or for striking a surface without causing yəиlədиiv grasp } damage. { malиət} manipulative skill [IND ENG] The ability of a Mallory bonding [DES ENG] Hermetically seal- worker to handle an object with the appropriate ing polished silicon chips to polished glass control and speed of movement required by a plates by placing the two pieces together, heat- task. { mə¦nipиyəиlədиiv skil } ing them to about 350ЊC (662ЊF), and applying manipulators [CONT SYS] An armlike mecha- approximately 8000 volts across the assembly. nism on a robotic system that consists of a series { malиəиre¯ ba¨ndиiŋ } of segments, usually sliding or jointed which management control system [IND ENG] Any grasp and move objects with a number of de- one of the various systems used by a contractor grees of freedom, under automatic control. See to plan, control the cost, and schedule the work remote manipulator. { mə nipиyə la¯dиərz } required to undertake and complete a project. man-machine chart See human-machine chart. { manиijиmənt ¦kən tro¯ l sisиtəm} { man mə¦she¯n cha¨rt } management engineering See industrial engi- man-machine system See human-machine system. neering. { manиijиmənt enиjə nirиiŋ }{ man mə¦she¯n sisиtəm} management game [IND ENG] A training exer- manocryometer [THERMO] An instrument for cise in which prospective decision makers act out measuring the change of a substance’s melting managerial decision-making roles in a simulated point with change in pressure; the height of a environment. Also known as business game; mercury column in a U-shaped capillary sup- operational game. { manиijиmənt ga¯m} ported by an equilibrium between liquid and mandrel [ENG] The core around which continu- solid in an adjoining bulb is measured, and the ous strands of impregnated reinforcement mate- whole apparatus is in a thermostat. { manиo¯ rials are wound to fabricate hollow objects made krı¯ a¨mиədиər} of composite materials. [MECH ENG] A shaft manometer [ENG] A double-leg liquid-column inserted through a hole in a component to sup- gage used to measure the difference between port the work during machining. { manиdrəl} two fluid pressures. { mə na¨mиədиər} mandrel press [MECH ENG] A press for driving manometry [ENG] The use of manometers to mandrels into holes. { manиdrəl pres } measure gas and vapor pressures. { mə na¨mи mangle gearing [MECH ENG] Gearing for pro- əиtre¯ } ducing reciprocating motion; a pinion rotating manostat [ENG] Fluid-filled, upside-down ma- in a single direction drives a rack with teeth at nometer-type device used to control pressures the ends and on both sides. { maŋиgəl girиiŋ } within an enclosure, as for laboratory analytical Manhattan Project [ENG] A United States proj- distillation systems. { manиə stat } ect lasting from August 1942 to August 1946, M-A-N scavenging system [MECH ENG] A sys- which developed the atomic energy program, tem for removing used oil and waste gases from
343
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. mantle
a cylinder of an internal combustion engine in marine engineering [ENG] The design, con- which the exhaust ports are located above the struction, installation, operation, and mainte- intake ports on the same side of the cylinder, so nance of main power plants, as well as the asso- that gases circulate in a loop, leaving a dead ciated auxiliary machinery and equipment, for spot in the center of the loop. { ¦em¦a¯¦en skavи the propulsion of ships. { mə re¯n enиjə nirиiŋ } ə и ŋ и ə nj i sis t m} marine railway [CIV ENG] A type of dry dock mantle [ENG] A lacelike hood or envelope consisting of a cradle of wood or steel with rollers (sack) of refractory material which, when posi- on which the ship may be hauled out of the water tioned over a flame and heated to incandes- along a fixed inclined track leading up the bank иə cence, gives light. { mant l} of a waterway. { mə re¯n ra¯l wa¯ } manual control unit CONT SYS A portable, [ ] marine terminal [CIV ENG] That part of a port hand-held device that allows an operator to pro- or harbor with facilities for docking, cargo-han- gram and store instructions related to robot mo- dling, and storage. { mə re¯n termиənиəl} tions and positions. Also known as program- market analysis [IND ENG] The collection and ming unit. { manиyəиwəlkən tro¯ l yu¨ иnət} evaluation of data concerned with the past, pres- manual element [IND ENG] A specific measur- ent, or future attributes of potential consumers able subdivision of a work cycle or operation и ə ə иəи ə that is completed entirely by hand or with the for a product or service. { mar k t nal s s} use of tools. { manиyəиwəl elиəиmənt } marmon clampband [DES ENG] A metal band manually controlled work See effort-controlled that wraps around the circumference of a special cycle. { manиyəиle¯ kən¦tro¯ ld wərk } cylindrical joint between two structures, hold- и ə manual time See hand time. { manиyəиwəl tı¯m} ing the structures together. { ma¨r m n klamp manual tracking [ENG] System of tracking a tar- ban } get in which all the power required is supplied Marvin sunshine recorder [ENG] A sunshine re- manually through the tracking handwheels. corder in which the time scale is supplied by a { manиyəиwəl trakиiŋ } chronograph, and consisting of two bulbs (one of manufacturer’s part number [IND ENG] Identifi- which is blackened) that communicate through a cation number of symbol assigned by the manu- glass tube of small diameter, which is partially facturer to a part, subassembly, or assembly. filled with mercury and contains two electrical { manиə fakиchərиərz pa¨rt nəmиbər} contacts; when the instrument is exposed to sun- many-body problem [MECH] The problem of shine, the air in the blackened bulb is warmed predicting the motions of three or more objects more than that in the clear bulb; the warmed obeying Newton’s laws of motion and attracting air expands and forces the mercury through the each other according to Newton’s law of gravita- connecting tube to a point where the electrical tion. Also known as n-body problem. { menи contacts are shorted by the mercury; this com- e¯ ba¨dиe¯ pra¨bиləm} pletes the electrical circuit to the pen on the Marangoni effect [CHEM ENG] The effect that a chronograph. { ma¨rиvən sən shı¯nri ko˙ rdиər} disturbance of the liquid-liquid interface (due to mask [DES ENG] A frame used in front of a tele- interfacial tension) has on mass transfer in a vision picture tube to conceal the rounded edges и ŋ и liquid-liquid extraction system. { ma¨r a¨ go¯ of the screen. [ELECTR] A thin sheet of metal ne¯ i fekt } or other material containing an open pattern, marbling [ENG] The use of antiquing tech- used to shield selected portions of a semicon- niques to achieve the appearance of marble in ductor or other surface during a deposition proc- и ŋ a paint film. { ma¨r bli } ess. [ENG] A protective covering for the face marginal cost [IND ENG] The extra cost incurred и ə иə or head in the form of a wire screen, a metal for an extra unit of output. { ma¨r j n l ko˙ st } shield, or a respirator. { mask } marginal product [IND ENG] The extra unit of masking [ELECTR] 1. Using a covering or coat- output obtained by one extra unit of some factor, ing on a semiconductor surface to provide a all other factors being held constant. { ma¨rи masked area for selective deposition or etching. jənиəl pra¨dиəkt } 2. A programmed procedure for eliminating radar marginal revenue [IND ENG] The extra revenue achieved by selling an extra unit of output. coverage in areas where such transmissions may { ma¨rиjənиəl revиə nu¨ } be of use to the enemy for navigation purposes, by weakening the beam in appropriate directions margin of safety [DES ENG] A design criterion, usually the ratio between the load that would or by use of additional transmitters on the same cause failure of a member or structure and the frequency at suitable sites to interfere with hom- load that is imposed upon it in service. { ma¨rи ing; also used to suppress the beam in areas jən əv sa¯fиte¯ } where it would interfere with television recep- Margoulis number See Stanton number. { ma¨r tion. [ENG] Preventing entrance of a tracer gu¨ иləs nəmиbər} gas into a vessel by covering the leaks. marigraph [ENG] A self-registering gage that re- { maskиiŋ } cords the heights of the tides. { marиə graf } masonry [CIV ENG] A construction of stone or marina [CIV ENG] A harbor facility for small similar materials such as concrete or brick. boats, yachts, and so on, where supplies, repairs, { ma¯sиənиre¯ } and various services are available. { mə re¯иnə } masonry dam [CIV ENG] A dam constructed of
344
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. mat
stone or concrete blocks set in mortar. { ma¯sи mass units [MECH] Units of measurement hav- ənиre¯ dam } ing to do with masses of materials, such as masonry drill [DES ENG] A drill tipped with ce- pounds or grams. { mas yu¨ иnəts } mented carbide for drilling in concrete or ma- mast [ENG] 1. A vertical metal pole serving as sonry. { ma¯sиənиre¯ dril } an antenna or antenna support. 2. A slender masonry nail [DES ENG] Spiral-fluted nail de- vertical pole which must be held in position by signed to be driven into mortar joints in masonry. guy lines. 3. A drill, derrick, or tripod mounted { ma¯sиənиre¯ na¯l} on a drill unit, which can be raised to operating Mason’s theorem [CONT SYS] A formula for the position by mechanical means. 4. A single overall transmittance of a signal flow graph in pole, used as a drill derrick, supported in its terms of transmittances of various paths in the upright or operating position by guys. [MECH graph. { ma¯sиənz thirиəm} ENG] A support member on certain industrial mass [MECH] A quantitative measure of a bo- trucks, such as a forklift, that provides guideways dy’s resistance to being accelerated; equal to the for the vertical movement of the carriage. inverse of the ratio of the body’s acceleration { mast } to the acceleration of a standard mass under master [ENG] 1. A device which controls sub- otherwise identical conditions. { mas } sidiary devices. 2. A precise workpiece through mass burning rate [CHEM ENG] The loss in which duplicates are made. [ENG ACOUS] See mass per unit time by materials burning under master phonograph record. { masиtər} specified conditions. { mas bərnиiŋ ra¯t} master arm [ENG] A component of a remote mass concrete [CIV ENG] Concrete set without manipulator whose motions are automatically structural reinforcement. { mas ka¨n kre¯t} duplicated by a slave arm, sometimes with mass-distance [ENG] The mass carried by a ve- changes of scale in displacement or force. hicle multiplied by the distance it travels. { masиtər a¨rm } { mas ¦disиtəns } master bushing See liner bushing. { masиtər mass flow [ENG] A pattern of powder flow oc- bu˙ shиiŋ } curring in hoppers that is characterized by the master cylinder [MECH ENG] The container for powder flowing at every point, including points the fluid and the piston, forming part of a device adjacent to the hopper wall. { mas flo¯ } such as a hydraulic brake or clutch. { masиtər mass-flow bin [ENG] A bin whose hopper walls silиənиdər} are sufficiently steep and smooth to cause flow of master frequency meter See integrating frequency all the solid, without stagnant regions, whenever meter. { masиtər fre¯иkwənиse¯ me¯dиər} any solid is withdrawn. { mas ¦flo¯ bin } master gage [DES ENG] A locating device with mass flowmeter [ENG] An instrument that fixed hole locations or part positions; locates measures the mass of fluid that flows through a in three dimensions and generally occupies the pipe, duct, or open channel in a unit time. same space as the part it represents. { masи { mas ¦flo¯ me¯dиər} tər ga¯j} mass-haul curve [CIV ENG] A curve showing the master layout [DES ENG] A permanent tem- quantity of excavation in a cutting which is avail- plate record laid out in reference planes and able for fill. { mas ¦ho˙ l kərv} used as a standard of reference in the develop- Massieu function [THERMO] The negative of ment and coordination of other templates. the Helmholtz free energy divided by the temper- { masиtər la¯ au˙ t} ature. { ma syu¨ fəŋkиshən} master mechanic [ENG] The supervisor, as at mass law of sound insulation [CIV ENG] The the mine, in charge of the maintenance and in- rule stating that sound insulation for a single stallation of equipment. { masиtərmə kanиik } wall is determined almost wholly by its weight master phonograph record [ENG ACOUS] The per unit area; doubling the weight of the parti- negative metal counterpart of a disk recording, tion increases the insulation by 5 decibels. produced by electroforming as one step in the { mas lo˙ əv sau˙ nd inиsə la¯иshən } production of phonograph records. Also known mass spectrograph [ENG] A mass spectro- as master. { masиtər fo¯ иnə graf rekиərd } scope in which the ions fall on a photographic master/slave manipulator [ENG] A mechanical, plate which after development shows the distri- electromechanical, or hydromechanical device bution of particle masses. { mas spekиtrə which reproduces the hand or arm motions of graf } an operator, enabling the operator to perform mass spectrometer [ENG] A mass spectro- manual motions while separated from the site scope in which a slit moves across the paths of of the work. { masиtər sla¯vmə nipиyə la¯dиər} particles with various masses, and an electrical masticate [CHEM ENG] To process rubber on a detector behind it records the intensity distribu- machine to make it softer and more pliable be- tion of masses. { mas spek tra¨mиədиər } fore mixing with other substances. { masи mass spectroscope [ENG] An instrument used tə ka¯t} for determining the masses of atoms or mole- mat [CIV ENG] 1. A steel or concrete footing un- cules, in which a beam of ions is sent through der a post. 2. Mesh reinforcement in a concrete a combination of electric and magnetic fields so slab. 3. A heavy steel-mesh blanket used to arranged that the ions are deflected according suppress rock fragments during blasting. to their masses. { mas spekиtrə sko¯ p } { mat }
345
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. match
match [ENG] 1. A charge of gunpowder put in coding process for recording or for stereo fre- a paper several inches long and used for igniting quency-modulation broadcasting and decoded explosives. 2. A short flammable piece of back into four channels for playback of re- wood, paper, or other material tipped with a com- cordings or for quadraphonic stereo reception. bustible mixture that bursts into flame through { ma¯иtriks sau˙ nd sisиtəm} friction. { mach } matte feeder [IND ENG] A heavy-duty apron matched edges [ENG] Die face edges machined feeder composed of thick steel flights attached at right angles to each other to provide for align- to a solid chain-link mat supported by closely ment of the dies in machining equipment. spaced rollers. { mat fe¯dиər} { macht ejиəz} Matthiessen sinker method [THERMO] A matched-metal molding [ENG] Forming of rein- method of determining the thermal expansion forced-plastic articles between two close-fitting coefficient of a liquid, in which the apparent metal molds mounted in a hydraulic press. weight of a sinker when immersed in the liquid { macht ¦medиəl mo¯ ldиiŋ } is measured for two different temperatures of ¦ иəи ə ŋи ə иə material balance [CHEM ENG] A calculation to the liquid. { math s n si k r meth d} inventory material inputs versus outputs in a mattock [DES ENG] A tool with the combined иə process system. { mə tirиe¯иəl balиəns } features of an adz, an ax, and a pick. { mad k} material particle [MECH] An object which has mattress [CIV ENG] A woven mat, often of wire and cement blocks, used to prevent erosion of rest-mass and an observable position in space, и ə but has no geometrical extension, being con- dikes, jetties, or river banks. { ma tr s} fined to a single point. Also known as particle. maul See rammer. { mo˙ l} Maupertius’ principle MECH The principle of {mə tirиe¯иəl pa¨rdиəиkəl} [ ] least action is sufficient to determine the motion material requirements planning [IND ENG] A of a mechanical system. { mo pərиshəs prinи formal computerized approach to inventory plan- ¯ səиpəl} ning, manufacturing scheduling, supplier sched- max-flow min-cut theorem [IND ENG] In the uling, and overall corporate planning. Abbrevi- analysis of networks, the concept that for any ated MRP. { mə tirиeиəlri kwı¯rиməns planиiŋ } ¯ network with a single source and sink, the maxi- materials control IND ENG Inventory control [ ] mum feasible flow from source to sink is equal of materials involved in manufacturing or assem- to the minimum cut value for any of the cuts of bly. { mə tirиeиəlz kən trol} ¯ ¯ the network. { maks¦flo¯ min kət thirиəm} materials handling [ENG] The loading, moving, maximal flow [IND ENG] Maximum total flow and unloading of materials. { mə tirиe¯иəlz и ŋ from the source to the sink in a connected net- hand li } work. { makиsəиməl flo¯ } materials science ENG The study of the na- [ ] maximum allowable working pressure [MECH ture, behavior, and use of materials applied to ə и иə иə ENG] The maximum gage pressure in a pressure science and technology. { m tir e¯ lz sı¯ ns } vessel at a designated temperature, used for the material well [CHEM ENG] In a plastics process, determination of the set pressure for relief the space provided in a compression or transfer valves. { makиsəиməm ə¦lauиəиbəl wərkиiŋ ə и и ˙ mold to allow for the bulk factor. { m tir e¯ preshиər} ə l wel } maximum-and-minimum thermometer [ENG] A mat foundation [CIV ENG] A large, thick, usually thermometer that automatically registers both reinforced concrete mat which transfers loads the maximum and the minimum temperatures from a number of columns, or columns and walls, attained during an interval of time. { makиsəи to the underlying rock or soil. Also known as məm ən minиəиməmthər ma¨mиədиər} и ə raft foundation. { mat fau˙ n da¯ sh n} maximum angle of inclination [MECH ENG] The Matheson joint [DES ENG] A wrought-pipe joint maximum angle at which a conveyor may be made by enlarging the end of one pipe length inclined and still deliver an amount of bulk mate- to receive the male end of the next length. rial within a given time. { makиsəиməm aŋиgəl { mathиəиsən jo˙ int } əv inиklə na¯иshən} matrix [ELECTR] 1. The section of a color televi- maximum available gain [ELECTR] The theoret- sion transmitter that transforms the red, green, ical maximum power gain available in a transis- and blue camera signals into color-difference tor stage; it is seldom achieved in practical cir- signals and combines them with the chromi- cuits because it can be approached only when nance subcarrier. Also known as color coder; feedback is negligible. Abbreviated MAG. color encoder; encoder. 2. The section of a { makиsəиməm ə¦va¯lиəиbəl ga¯n} color television receiver that transforms the maximum belt slope [MECH ENG] A slope be- color-difference signals into the red, green, and yond which the material on the belt of a conveyor blue signals needed to drive the color picture tends to roll downhill. { makиsəиməm belt tube. Also known as color decoder; decoder. slo¯ p} [ENG] A recessed mold in which something is maximum belt tension [MECH ENG] The total of formed or cast. { ma¯иtriks } the starting and operating tensions in a con- matrix sound system [ENG ACOUS] A quadra- veyor. { makиsəиməm belt tenиchən} phonic sound system in which the four input maximum continuous load [MECH ENG] The channels are combined into two channels by a maximum load that a boiler can maintain for a
346
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. mean stress
designated length of time. { makиsəиməm states that the difference between the specific kən¦tinиyəиwəs lo¯ d} heat of a gas at constant pressure and its specific maximum gradability [MECH ENG] Steepest heat at constant volume is equal to the gas con- slope a vehicle can negotiate in low gear; usually stant divided by the molecular weight of the gas. expressed in precentage of slope, namely, the { mı¯иərz fo˙ rиmyəиlə } ratio between the vertical rise and the horizontal mb See millibar. distance traveled; sometimes expressed by the McCabe-Thiele diagram [CHEM ENG] Graphi- angle between the slope and the horizontal. cal method for calculation of the number of theo- и əи ə иə иə и { mak s m m gra¯d bil d e¯ } retical plates or contacting stages required for maximum ordinate [MECH] Difference in alti- a given binary distillation operation. { mə ka¯b tude between the origin and highest point of the te¯lиə dı¯иə gram } trajectory of a projectile. { makиsəиməm o˙ rdи M contour [CONT SYS] A line on a Nyquist dia- ənиət} gram connecting points having the same magni- maximum production life [MECH ENG] The tude of the primary feedback ratio. { em length of time that a cutting tool performs at и cutting conditions of maximum tool efficiency. ka¨n tu˙ r} { makиsəиməmprə dəkиshən lı¯f} M-design bit [DES ENG] A long-shank, box- maximum thermometer ENG A thermometer threaded core bit made to fit M-design core bar- [ ] that registers the maximum temperature at- rels. { em di zı¯n bit } tained during an interval of time. { makиsəи M-design core barrel [DES ENG] A double-tube 1 Њ məmthər ma¨mиədиər} core barrel in which a 2 /2 -taper core lifter is maximum working area [IND ENG] That portion carried inside a short tubular sleeve coupled to of the working area that is readily accessible the bottom end of the inner tube, and the sleeve to the hands of a worker when in his normal extends downward inside the bit shank to within operating position. { makиsəиməm wərkиiŋ a very short distance behind the face of the core erиe¯иə } bit. { em di zı¯n ko˙ r barиəl} Maxwell equal-area rule [THERMO] At tempera- meadow [ENG] Range of air-fuel ratio within tures for which the theoretical isothermal of a which smooth combustion may be had. substance, on a graph of pressure against vol- { medиo¯ } ume, has a portion with positive slope (as occurs mean-average boiling point [CHEM ENG] in a substance with liquid and gas phases obey- Pseudo boiling point for a hydrocarbon mix- ing the van der Waals equation), a horizontal ture; calculated from the American Society for line drawn at the equilibrium vapor pressure and Testing and Materials distillation curve’s volu- connecting two parts of the isothermal with neg- metric average boiling point. { ¦me¯n ¦avиrij ative slope has the property that the area be- bo˙ ilиiŋ po˙ int } tween the horizontal and the part of the isother- mean British thermal unit See British thermal unit. mal above it is equal to the area between the { me¯n ¦bridиish thərиməl yu¨ иnət} horizontal and the part of the isothermal below mean calorie [THERMO] One-hundredth of the it. { mak swel ¦e¯иkwəl erиe¯иə ru¨ l} heat needed to raise 1 gram of water from 0 to Maxwell relation [THERMO] One of four equa- 100ЊC. { me¯n kalиəиre¯ } tions for a system in thermal equilibrium, each mean effective pressure [MECH ENG] A term of which equates two partial derivatives, involv- commonly used in the evaluation for positive ing the pressure, volume, temperature, and en- displacement machinery performance which ex- и ə tropy of the system. { mak swel ri la¯ sh n} presses the average net pressure difference in Maxwell’s demon See demon of Maxwell. { mak и ə pounds per square inch on the two sides of the swelz de¯ m n} piston in engines, pumps, and compressors. Maxwell’s stress functions [MECH] Three func- Abbreviated mep; mp. Also known as mean tions of position, , , and , in terms of 1 2 3 pressure. { me¯ni¦fekиtiv preshиər} which the elements of the stress tensor of a mean normal stress [MECH] In a system body may be expressed, if the body is in equilib- stressed multiaxially, the algebraic mean of the rium and is not subjected to body forces; the ¦ иə elements of the stress tensor are given by three principal stresses. { me¯n no˙ rm l 2 2 2 2 2 stres } 11ϭѨ 2/Ѩx3 ϩѨ 3/Ѩx2 , 23ϭϪѨ1/Ѩx2Ѩx3, and mean pressure See mean effective pressure. cyclic permutations of these equations. { mak иə swelz stres fəŋkиshənz } { me¯n presh r} Maxwell’s theorem [MECH] If a load applied at mean specific heat [THERMO] The average over one point A of an elastic structure results in a a specified range of temperature of the specific ə и given deflection at another point B, then the heat of a substance. { me¯nsp sif ik he¯t} same load applied at B will result in the same mean-square-error criterion [CONT SYS] Evalu- deflection at A.{ mak swelz thirиəm} ation of the performance of a control system by mayer [THERMO] A unit of heat capacity equal calculating the square root of the average over to the heat capacity of a substance whose tem- time of the square of the difference between the perature is raised 1Њ Celsius by 1 joule. { mı¯и actual output and the output that is desired. ər} { me¯n skwer erиər krı¯ tirиe¯иən} Mayer’s formula [THERMO] A formula which mean stress [MECH] 1. The algebraic mean of
347
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. mean temperature difference
the maximum and minimum values of a periodi- separation of soil, sediment, or rock by sieving, cally varying stress. 2. See octahedral normal screening, or other means to determine particle- stress. { me¯n stres } size distribution. { mi kanиəиkəl ə nalиəиsəs} mean temperature difference [CHEM ENG] In mechanical area [BUILD] The areas in a build- heat exchange calculations, a pseudo average ing that include equipment rooms, shafts, stacks, temperature difference between the warmer and tunnels, and closets used for heating, ventilat- colder fluids at inlet and outlet conditions. ing, air conditioning, piping, communication, { me¯n temиprəиchər difиrəns } hoisting, conveying, and electrical services. mean time to failure [ENG] A measure of relia- {mi kanиəиkəl erиe¯иə } bility of a piece of equipment, giving the average mechanical bearing cursor See bearing cursor. time before the first failure. { me¯n tı¯mtə {mi kanиəиkəl berиiŋ kərиsər} и ə fa¯l y r} mechanical classification [MECH ENG] A sort- mean time to repair [ENG] A measure of relia- ing operation in which mixtures of particles of bility of a piece of repairable equipment, giving mixed sizes, and often of different specific gravi- the average time between repairs. { me¯n tı¯m ties, are separated into fractions by the action ə t ri per } of a stream of fluid, usually water. { mi kanиəи mean trajectory [MECH] The trajectory of a mis- kəl klasиəиfə ka¯иshən} sile that passes through the center of impact or ə и mechanical classifier [MECH ENG] Any of vari- center of burst. { me¯ntr jek tre¯ } ous machines that are commonly used to classify measured daywork [IND ENG] Work done for an mixtures of particles of different sizes, and some- hourly wage on which specific productivity levels times of different specific gravities; the Dorr have been determined but which provides no classifier is an example. { mi kanиəиkəl klasи incentive pay. { mezhиərd da wərk } ¯ ə fı¯иər} measured drilling depth [ENG] The apparent mechanical comparator [ENG] A contact com- depth of a borehole as measured along its longi- parator in which movement is amplified usually tudinal axis. { mezhиərd drilиiŋ depth } by a rack, pinion, and pointer or by a parallelo- measured mile [CIV ENG] The distance of 1 mile gram arrangement. { mi kanиəиkəlkəm parи (1609.344 meters), the units of which have been ədиər} accurately measured and marked. { mezhиərd mechanical damping ENG ACOUS Mechanical mı¯l} [ ] resistance which is generally associated with the measured relieving capacity [DES ENG] The measured amounts of fluid which can be ex- moving parts of an electromechanically trans- ducer such as a cutter or a reproducer. { mi kanи hausted through a relief device at its rated op- əи ə и ŋ erating pressure. { mezhиərd ri le¯vиiŋ kə pasи k l damp i } ədиe¯ } mechanical draft [MECH ENG] A draft that de- measured work [IND ENG] Work, operations, or pends upon the use of fans or other mechanical devices; may be induced or forced. { mi kanиəи cycles for which a standard has been set. ə { ¦mezhиərd wərk } k l draft } measurement ton See ton. { mezhиərиmənt tən} mechanical-draft cooling tower [MECH ENG] measuring machine [ENG] A device in which an Cooling tower that depends upon fans for intro- astronomical photographic plate is viewed duction and circulation of its air supply. { mi иəи ə ¦ и ŋ иə through a fixed low-power microscope with kan k l draft ku¨ l i tau˙ r} cross-hairs and which is mounted on a carriage mechanical efficiency [MECH ENG] In an en- that is moved by micrometer screws equipped gine, the ratio of brake horsepower to indicated иəи ə иə и with scales, in order to measure the relative posi- horsepower. { mi kan k lifish n se¯ } tions of images on the plate. { mezhиəиriŋ mechanical engineering [MECH ENG] The mə she¯n} branch of engineering concerned with energy measuring tank [ENG] A tank that has been cal- conversion, mechanics, and mechanisms and ibrated and fitted with devices to measure a vol- devices for diverse applications, ranging form ume of liquid and then release it. Also known automotive parts through nanomachines. { mi as dump tank; metering tank. { mezhиəиriŋ kanиəиkəl enиjə nirиiŋ } taŋk} mechanical equivalent of heat [THERMO] The mechanical [ENG] Of, pertaining to, or con- amount of mechanical energy equivalent to a cerned with machinery or tools. { mi kanиəи unit of heat. { mi kanиəиkəli kwivиəиlənt əv kəl} he¯t} mechanical advantage [MECH ENG] The ratio mechanical expression See expression. { mi kanи of the force produced by a machine such as a əиkəlik spreshиən} lever or pulley to the force applied to it. Also mechanical gripper [MECH ENG] A robot com- known as force ratio. { mi kanиəиkəl əd vanиtij } ponent that uses movable, fingerlike levers to mechanical analog [IND ENG] A mechanical grasp objects. { mi kanиəиkəl gripиər} model of a nonmechanical system that responds mechanical hygrometer [ENG] A hygrometer in to an input with an output corresponding to the which an organic material, most commonly a response of the real system. { mi kanиiиkəl bundle of human hair, which expands and con- anиə la¨g} tracts with changes in the moisture in the sur- mechanical analysis [MECH ENG] Mechanical rounding air or gas is held under slight tension
348
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. mechanical units
by a spring, and a mechanical linkage actuates mechanical resistance See resistance. { mi kanи a pointer. { mi kanиəиkəlhı¯ gra¨mиədиər} əиkəlri zisиtəns } mechanical hysteresis [MECH] The depen- mechanical rotational impedance See rotational dence of the strain of a material not only on the impedance. { mi kanиəиkəlro¯ ta¯иshənиəlim instantaneous value of the stress but also on pe¯dиəns } the previous history of the stress; for example, mechanical rotational reactance See rotational re- the elongation is less at a given value of tension actance. { mi kanиəиkəlro¯ ta¯иshənиəlre¯ akи when the tension is increasing than when it is təns } decreasing. { mi kanиəиkəl hisиtə re¯иsəs} mechanical rotational resistance See rotational mechanical impedance [MECH] The complex resistance. { mi kanиəиkəlro¯ ta¯иshənиəlri zisи ratio of a phasor representing a sinusoidally var- təns } ying force applied to a system to a phasor repre- mechanical scale [ENG] A weighing device that senting the velocity of a point in the system. incorporates a number of levers with precisely {mi kanиəиkəlim pe¯dиəns } located fulcrums to permit heavy objects to be mechanical lift dock [CIV ENG] A type of dry balanced with counterweights or counterpoises. dock or marine elevator in which a vessel, after {mi kanиəиkəl ska¯l} being placed on the keel and bilge blocks in the mechanical seal [MECH ENG] Mechanical as- dock, is bodily lifted clear of the water so that sembly that forms a leakproof seal between flat, work may be performed on the underwater body. rotating surfaces to prevent high-pressure leak- {mi kanиəиkəl ¦lift da¨k} age. { mi kanиəиkəl se¯l} mechanical linkage [MECH ENG] A set of rigid mechanical separation [MECH ENG] A group of bodies, called links, joined together at pivots by industrial operations by means of which parti- means of pins or equivalent devices. { mi kanи cles of solid or drops of liquid are removed from əиkəl liŋиkij } a gas or liquid, or are separated into individual mechanical loader [MECH ENG] A power ma- fractions, or both, by gravity separation (set- chine for loading mineral, coal, or dirt. { mi tling), centrifugal action, and filtration. { mi kanиəиkəl lo¯ dиər} kanиəиkəl sepиə ra¯иshən} mechanical mucking [ENG] Loading of dirt or mechanical setting [MECH ENG] Producing bits stone in tunnels or mines by machines. { mi by setting diamonds in a bit mold into which a kanиəиkəl məkиiŋ } cast or powder metal is placed, thus embedding mechanical ohm [MECH] A unit of mechanical the diamonds and forming the bit crown; op- resistance, reactance, and impedance, equal to posed to hand setting. Also known as cast set- a force of 1 dyne divided by a velocity of 1 centi- ting; machine setting; sinter setting. { mi kanи meter per second. { mi kanиəиkəl o¯ m} əиkəl sedиiŋ } mechanical oscillograph See direct-writing re- mechanical shovel [MECH ENG] A loader lim- corder. { mi kanиəиkəla¨ silиə graf } ited to level or slightly graded drivages; when mechanical patent [ENG] A patent granted for full, the shovel is swung over the machine, and an inventive improvement in a process, manufac- the load is discharged into containers or vehicles ture, or machine. { mi kanиəиkəl patиənt } behind. { mi kanиəиkəl shəvиəl} mechanical press [MECH ENG] A press whose mechanical splice [ENG] A splice made to ter- slide is operated by mechanical means. { mi minate wire rope by pressing one or more metal kanиəиkəl pres } sleeves over the rope junction. { mi kanиəиkəl mechanical property [MECH] A property that splı¯s} involves a relationship between stress and strain mechanical spring See spring. { mi kanиəиkəl or a reaction to an applied force. { mi kanиəи spriŋ } kəl pra¨pиərdиe¯ } mechanical stage [ENG] A stage on a micro- mechanical puddling See vibration puddling. scope provided with a mechanical device for po- {mi kanиəиkəl pədиliŋ } sitioning or changing the position of a slide. mechanical pulping [MECH ENG] Mechanical, { mi kanиəиkəl sta¯j} rather than chemical, recovery of cellulose fibers mechanical stepping motor [ELEC] A device in from wood; unpurified, finely ground wood is which a voltage pulse through a solenoid coil made into newsprint, cheap Manila papers, and causes reciprocating motion by a solenoid tissues. { mi kanиəиkəl pəlpиiŋ } plunger, and this is transformed into rotary mo- mechanical pump [MECH ENG] A pump tion through a definite angle by ratchet-and-pawl through which fluid is conveyed by direct contact mechanisms or other mechanical linkages. with a moving part of the pumping machinery. {mi kanиəиkəl stepиiŋ mo¯ dиər} {mi kanиəиkəl pəmp } mechanical stoker See automatic stoker. { mi mechanical reactance [MECH] The imaginary kanиəиkəl sto¯ kиər} part of mechanical impedance. { mi kanиəиkəl mechanical torque converter [MECH ENG] A re¯ akиtəns } torque converter, such as a pair of gears, that mechanical refrigeration [MECH ENG] The re- transmits power with only incidental losses. moval of heat by utilizing a refrigerant subjected {mi kanиəиkəl to˙ rk kən vərdиər} to cycles of refrigerating thermodynamics and mechanical units [MECH] Units of length, time, employing a mechanical compressor. { mi kanи and mass, and of physical quantities derivable əиkəlri frijиə ra¯иshən } from them. { mi kanиəиkəl yu¨ иnəts }
349
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. mechanical vibration
mechanical vibration [MECH] The continuing Melde’s experiment [MECH] An experiment to motion, often repetitive and periodic, of parts of study transverse vibrations in a long, horizontal machines and structures. { mi kanиəиkəl thread when one end of the thread is attached vı¯ bra¯иshən} to a prong of a vibrating tuning fork, while the mechanism [MECH ENG] That part of a machine other passes over a pulley and has weights sus- which contains two or more pieces so arranged pended from it to control the tension in the that the motion of one compels the motion of thread. { melиde¯zik sperиəиmənt } the others. { mekиə nizиəm} meltback transistor [ELECTR] A junction tran- mechanize [MECH ENG] 1. To substitute ma- sistor in which the junction is made by melting chinery for human or animal labor. 2. To pro- a properly doped semiconductor and allowing it duce or reproduce by machine. { mekиə nı¯z } to solidify again. { melt back tran zistиər} mechanized dew-point meter See dew-point re- melter [ENG] A chamber used for melting. corder. { mekиə nı¯zd du¨ po˙ int me¯dиər} { meltиər} mechanomotive force [MECH] The root-mean- melt extractor [ENG] A device used to feed an square value of a periodically varying force. injection mold, separating molten feed material { ¦mekиəиno¯ ¦mo¯ dиiv fo˙ rs } from partially molten pellets. { melt ik strakи mechanooptical vibrometer [ENG] A vibrome- tər} ter in which the motion given to a probe by melt fracture [MECH] Melt flow instability a surface whose vibration amplitude is to be through a die during plastics molding, leading measured is used to rock a mirror; a light beam to helicular, rippled surface irregularities on the reflected from the mirror and focused onto a finished product. { melt frakиchər} scale provides an indication of the vibration am- melt index [ENG] Number of grams of thermo- plitude. { ¦mekиəиno¯ a¨pиtəиkəlvı¯ bra¨mиədиər } plastic resin at 190ЊC that can be forced through mechatronics [ENG] A branch of engineering a 0.0825-inch (2.0955-millimeter) orifice in 10 that incorporates the ideas of mechanical and minutes by a 2160-gram force. { melt in deks } electronic engineering into a whole, and, in par- melting furnace [ENG] A furnace in which the ticular, covers those areas of engineering con- frit for glass is melted. { meltиiŋ fərиnəs} cerned with the increasing integration of me- melting point [THERMO] 1. The temperature at chanical, electronic, and software engineering which a solid of a pure substance changes to a into a production process. { mekиə tra¨nиiks } liquid. Abbreviated mp. 2. For a solution of media migration [CHEM ENG] Carryover of fi- two or more components, the temperature at bers or other filter material by liquid effluent which the first trace of liquid appears as the from a filter unit. { me¯иde¯иə mı¯ gra¯иshən } solution is heated. { meltиiŋ po˙ int } media mill See shot mill. { me¯dиe¯иə mil } melt instability [MECH] Instability of the plastic median strip [CIV ENG] A paved or planted sec- melt flow through a die. { melt inиstə bilи tion dividing a highway into lanes according to ədиe¯ } direction of travel. { me¯иde¯иən strip } melt strength [MECH] Strength of a molten medical chemical engineering [CHEM ENG] plastic. { melt streŋkth } The application of chemical engineering to medi- member [CIV ENG] A structural unit such as a cine, frequently involving mass transport and wall, column, beam, or tie, or a combination of separation processes, especially at the molecu- any of these. { memиbər} lar level. { medиəиkəl kemиəиkəl enиjə nirиiŋ } membrane [BUILD] In built-up roofing, a medium [CHEM ENG] 1. The carrier in which a weather-resistant (flexible or semiflexible) cov- chemical reaction takes place. 2. Material of ering consisting of alternate layers of felt and controlled pore size used to remove foreign par- bitumen, fabricated in a continuous covering and ticles or liquid droplets from fluid carriers. surfaced with aggregate or asphaltic material. { me¯иde¯иəm} [CHEM ENG] 1. The medium through which the medium-technology robot [CONT SYS] An auto- fluid stream is passed for purposes of filtration. matically controlled machine that employs ser- 2. The ion-exchange medium used in dialysis, vomechanisms and microprocessor control diffusion, osmosis and reverse osmosis, and units. { me¯иde¯иəm tek¦na¨lиəиje¯ ro¯ ba¨t } electrophoresis. { mem bra¯n} megasecond [MECH] A unit of time, equal to membrane analogy [MECH] A formal identity 1,000,000 seconds. Abbreviated Ms; Msec. between the differential equation and boundary { megиə sekиənd } conditions for a stress function for torsion of an megawatt [MECH] A unit of power, equal to elastic prismatic bar, and those for the deflection 1,000,000 watts. Abbreviated MW. { megи of a uniformly stretched membrane with the ə wa¨t } same boundary as the cross section of the bar, megohm [ELEC] A unit of resistance, equal to subjected to a uniform pressure. { mem bra¯n 1,000,000 ohms. { me go¯ m} ə nalиəиje¯ } megohmmeter [ELEC] An instrument which is membrane curing See membrane waterproofing. used for measuring the high resistance of electri- { mem bra¯n kyu˙ rиiŋ } cal materials of the order of 20,000 megohms at membrane distillation [CHEM ENG] A separa- 1000 volts; one direct-reading type employs a tion method that uses a nonwetting, micropo- permanent magnet and a moving coil. { me rous membrane, with a liquid feed phase on one go¯ me¯ me¯dиər } side and a condensing permeate phase on the
350
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. messenger
other. Also known as membrane evaporation; which the instrument fluid is mercury; used to thermopervaporation; transmembrane distilla- record or control difference of pressure or fluid tion. { mem bra¯n disиtə la¯иshən } flow. { mərиkyəиre¯ mə na¨mиədиər} membrane evaporation See membrane distillation. mercury switch [ELEC] A switch that is closed { mem bra¯ni vapиə ra¯иshən } by making a large globule of mercury move up membrane separation [CHEM ENG] The use of to the contacts and bridge them; the mercury thin barriers (membranes) between miscible flu- is usually moved by tilting the entire switch. ids for separating a mixture; a suitable driving { mərиkyəиre¯ swich } force across the membrane, for example concen- mercury thermometer [ENG] A liquid-in-glass tration or pressure differential, leads to preferen- thermometer or a liquid-in-metal thermometer tial transport of one or more feed components. using mercury as the liquid. { mərиkyəиre¯ { mem bra¯n sepиə ra¯иshən} thər ma¨mиədиər} membrane stress [MECH] Stress which is meridian circle See transit circle. { mə ridиe¯иən equivalent to the average stress across the cross sərиkəl} section involved and normal to the reference meridian transit See transit circle. { mə ridиe¯иən plane. { mem bra¯n stres } tranиzət} membrane waterproofing [CIV ENG] Curing merit [ELECTR] A performance rating that gov- concrete, especially in pavements, by spraying a erns the choice of a device for a particular appli- liquid material over the surface to form a solid, cation; it must be qualified to indicate type of impervious layer which holds the mixing water in rating, as in gain-bandwidth merit or signal-to- the concrete. Also known as membrane curing. noise merit. { merиət} { mem bra¯n wo˙ dиər pru˙ fиiŋ } merit pay plan [IND ENG] Work performed for a memomotion study [IND ENG] A technique of set hourly wage that varies from one pay period work measurement and methods analysis using to another as a function of the worker’s produc- a motion picture camera operated at less than tivity, but never declines below a guaranteed normal camera speed. Also known as camera minimum wage. { merиət ¦pa¯ plan } study; micromotion study. { ¦memиo¯ ¦mo¯ иshən Mersenne’s law [MECH] The fundamental fre- stədиe¯ } quency of a vibrating string is proportional to MEMS See micro-electro-mechanical system. the square root of the tension and inversely pro- { memz or ¦em¦e¯¦em es } portional both to the length and the square root MEMS microphone [ENG ACOUS] A very small of the mass per unit length. { mər senz lo˙ } microphone, generally less than 1 millimeter, Merton nut [DES ENG] A nut whose threads are that can be incorporated directly onto an elec- made of an elastic material such as cork, and tronic chip and commonly uses a small thin are formed by compressing the material into a membrane fabricated on the chip to detect screw. { mərtиən nət} sound. { ¦memz or ¦em¦e¯¦em¦es mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} mesa device [ELECTR] Any device produced by mep See mean effective pressure. diffusing the surface of a germanium or silicon Mercer engine [MECH ENG] A revolving-block wafer and then etching down all but selected engine in which two opposing pistons operate areas, which then appear as physical plateaus in a single cylinder with two rollers attached to or mesas. { ma¯иsə di vı¯s} each piston; intake ports are uncovered when mesa diode [ELECTR] A diode produced by dif- the pistons are closest together, and exhaust fusing the entire surface of a large germanium or ports are uncovered when they are farthest apart. silicon wafer and then delineating the individual { mərиsər enиjən} diode areas by a photoresist-controlled etch that mercury barometer [ENG] An instrument which removes the entire diffused area except the is- determines atmospheric pressure by measuring land or mesa at each junction site. { ma¯иsə the height of a column of mercury which the dı¯ o¯ d} atmosphere will support; the mercury is in a mesa transistor [ELECTR] A transistor in which glass tube closed at one end and placed, open a germanium or silicon wafer is etched down in end down, in a well of mercury. Also known as steps so the base and emitter regions appear Torricellian barometer. { mərиkyəиre¯ bə ra¨mи as physical plateaus above the collector region. ədиər} { ma¯иsə tran zisиtər} mercury-cathode cell [CHEM ENG] Electrolytic MESFET See metal semiconductor field-effect tran- cell used to manufacture chlorine and caustic sistor. { mes fet } soda from sodium chloride brine; includes Cast- mesh [DES ENG] A size of screen or of particles ner and DeNora cells. { mərиkyəиre¯ ¦kath o¯ d passed by it in terms of the number of openings sel } occurring per linear inch in each direction. Also mercury jet magnetometer [ENG] A type of known as mesh size. [ELEC] A set of branches magnetometer in which the magnetic field forming a closed path in a network so that if any strength is determined by measuring the electro- one branch is omitted from the set, the re- motive force between electrodes at opposite maining branches of the set do not form a closed ends of a narrow pipe made of insulating mate- path. Also known as loop. [MECH ENG] En- rial, through which mercury is forced to flow. gagement or working contact of teeth of gears { ¦mərиkyəиre¯ jet magиnə ta¨mиədиər} or of a gear and a rack. { mesh } mercury manometer [ENG] A manometer in messenger [ENG] A small, cylindrical metal
351
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. metabolic cost
weight that is attached around an oceanographic tension, and rate processes. { medиəиre¯ a¨lиəи wire and sent down to activate the tripping je¯ } mechanism on various oceanographic devices. meteorogram [ENG] A record obtained from a { mesиənиjər} meteorograph. { medиe¯ o˙ rиə gram } metabolic cost [IND ENG] The amount of energy meteorograph [ENG] An instrument that meas- consumed as the result of performing a given ures and records meteorological data such as air work task; usually expressed in calories. { ¦medи pressure, temperature, and humidity. { medи ə ba¨lиik ko˙ st } e¯ o˙ rиə graf } metal lath [ENG] A mesh of metal used to pro- meteorological balloon [ENG] A balloon, usu- vide a base for plaster. { medиəl lath } ally of high-quality neoprene, polyethylene, or metallic disk rectifier See metallic rectifier. Mylar, used to lift radiosondes to high altitudes. {mə talиik ¦disk rekиtə fı¯иər} { medиe¯иəиrə la¨jиəиkəlbə lu¨ n} metallize [ENG] To coat or impregnate a metal meteorological instrumentation [ENG] Appara- or nonmetal surface with a metal, as by metal tus and equipment used to obtain quantitative и spraying or by vacuum evaporation. { med information about the weather. { medиe¯иəи ə l ¯ız} rə la¨jиəиkəl inиstrəиmən ta¯иshən} metallized slurry blasting [ENG] The breaking meteorological rocket [ENG] Small rocket sys- of rocks by using slurried explosive medium con- tem used to extend observation of atmospheric taining a powdered metal, such as powdered иə ¦ ə и и ŋ character above feasible limits for balloon-borne aluminum. { med l ¯ızd sl r e¯ blast i } observing and telemetering instruments. Also metallurgical engineer ENG A person who [ ] known as rocketsonde. { medиe¯иəиrə la¨jиəиkəl specializes in metallurgical engineering. ra¨kиət} { medиəl ərиjəиkəl enиjə nir } meter [MECH] The international standard unit metallurgical engineering ENG Application of [ ] of length, equal to the length of the path traveled the principles of metallurgy to the engineering by light in vacuum during a time interval of sciences. { medиəl ərиjəиkəl enиjə nirиiŋ } 1/299,792,458 of a second. Abbreviated m. metallurgical microscope [ENG] A microscope ENG A device for measuring the value of a used in the study of metals, usually optical. [ ] quantity under observation; the term is usually { medиəl ərиjəиkəl mı¯иkrə sko¯ p} applied to an indicating instrument alone. metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor { me¯dиər} [ELECTR] A field-effect transistor having a gate that is insulated from the semiconductor sub- meter bar [ENG] A metal bar for mounting a gas strate by a thin layer of silicon dioxide. Abbre- meter, having fittings at the ends for the inlet and outlet connections of the meter. { me¯dи viated MOSFET; MOST; MOS transistor. Formerly ə known as insulated-gate field-effect transistor r ba¨r} (IGFET). { medиəl ¦a¨k sı¯d semиiиkən dəkиtər meter density [ENG] In an energy distribution и ə system, the number of meters per unit area or fe¯ld i fekt tran zis t r} иə и ə и metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit per unit length. { me¯d r den s d e¯ } [ELECTR] An integrated circuit using metal ox- meter factor [ENG] A factor used with a meter ide semiconductor transistors; it can have a to correct for ambient conditions, for example, higher density of equivalent parts than a bipolar the factor for a fluid-flow meter to compensate integrated circuit. { medиəl ¦a¨k sı¯d semиiи for such conditions as liquid temperature change иə и ə kən dəkиtər intиə gra¯dиəd sərиkət} and pressure shrinkage. { me¯d r fak t r} иəи ŋ metal rolling See rolling. { medиəl ro¯ lиiŋ } metering pin See metering rod. { me¯d ri pin } metal semiconductor field-effect transistor metering pump [CHEM ENG] Plunger-type [ELECTR] A field-effect transistor that uses a pump designed to control accurately small-scale thin film of gallium arsenide, with a Schottky fluid-flow rates; used to inject small quantities barrier gate formed by depositing a layer of metal of materials into continuous-flow liquid streams. directly onto the surface of the film. Abbrevi- Also known as proportioning pump. { me¯dиəи ated MESFET. { medиəl semиiиkən dəkиtər riŋ pəmp } fe¯ld i fekt tran zisиtər} metering rod [ENG] A device consisting of a metal-slitting saw [MECH ENG] A milling cutter long metallic pin of graduated diameters fitted similar to a circular saw blade but sometimes to the main nozzle of a carburetor (on an internal with side teeth as well as teeth around the cir- combustion engine) or passage leading thereto cumference; used for deep slotting and sinking in such a way that it measures or meters the in cuts. { medиəl ¦slidиiŋ so˙ } amount of gasoline permitted to flow by it at metal spinning See spinning. { medиəl spinиiŋ } various speeds. Also known as metering pin. metal spraying [ENG] Coating a surface with { me¯dиəиriŋ ra¨d} droplets of molten metal or alloy by using a metering screw [MECH ENG] An extrusion-type compressed gas stream. { medиəl spra¯иiŋ } screw feeder or conveyor section used to feed metarheology [MECH] A branch of rheology pulverized or doughy material at a constant rate. whose approach is intermediate between those { me¯dиəиriŋ skru¨ } of macrorheology and microrheology; certain metering tank See measuring tank. { me¯dиəиriŋ processes that are not isothermal are taken into taŋk} consideration, such as kinetic elasticity, surface metering valve [MECH ENG] In an automotive
352
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. microacceleratometer
hydraulic braking system, a valve that momen- method of mixtures [THERMO] A method of de- tarily delays application of the front disk brakes termining the heat of fusion of a substance until the rear drum brakes begin to act. { me¯dи whose specific heat is known, in which a known əиriŋ valv } amount of the solid is combined with a known meter-kilogram [MECH] 1. A unit of energy or amount of the liquid in a calorimeter, and the work in a meter-kilogram-second gravitational decrease in the liquid temperature during melt- system, equal to the work done by a kilogram- ing of the solid is measured. { methиəd əv force when the point at which the force is applied miksиchərz } is displaced 1 meter in the direction of the force; methods design [IND ENG] Design for a new, equal to 9.80665 joules. Abbreviated m-kgf. more efficient method of job performance. Also known as meter kilogram-force. 2. A unit { methиədz di zı¯n} of torque, equal to the torque produced by a methods engineering [IND ENG] A technique kilogram-force acting at a perpendicular distance used by management to improve working meth- of 1 meter from the axis of rotation. Also known ods and reduce labor costs in all areas where иə и as kilogram-meter (kgf-m). { me¯dиər kilиə human effort is required. { meth dz en ə и ŋ gram } j nir i } meter kilogram-force See meter-kilogram. methods study [IND ENG] An analysis of the { me¯dиər kilиə gram fo˙ rs } methods in use, of the means and potentials for their improvement, and of reducing costs. meter-kilogram-second system [MECH] A met- иə ə и ric system of units in which length, mass, and { meth dz st d e¯ } time are fundamental quantities, and the units metric centner [MECH] 1. A unit of mass equal to 50 kilograms. 2. A unit of mass equal to 100 of these quantities are the meter, the kilogram, и and the second respectively. Abbreviated mks kilograms. Also known as quintal. { me trik sentиnər} system. { me¯dиər kilиə gram sekиənd sisи metric grain MECH A unit of mass, equal to təm} [ ] 50 milligrams; used in commercial transactions meter prover [ENG] A device that determines in precious stones. { meиtrik gra¯n} the accuracy of a gas meter; a quantity of air is metric line See millimeter. { meиtrik lı¯n} collected over water or oil in a calibrated cylindri- metric ounce See mounce. { meиtrik au˙ ns } cal bell, and then the bell is allowed to sink into metric slug See metric-technical unit of mass. the liquid, forcing the air through the meter; the { meиtrik sləg} calibrated measurement is then compared with metric system [MECH] A system of units used the reading on the meter dial. { me¯dиər pru¨ и ə in scientific work throughout the world and em- v r} ployed in general commercial transactions and meter-proving tank See calibrating tank. { me¯dи ə и ŋ ŋ engineering applications; its units of length, r pru¨ vi ta k} time, and mass are the meter, second, and kilo- meter run [ENG] The length of straight, unob- gram respectively, or decimal multiples and sub- structed fluid-flow conduit preceding an orifice и и ə иə ə multiples thereof. { me trik sis t m} or venturi meter. { me¯d r r n} metric-technical unit of mass [MECH] A unit of meter sensitivity [ENG] The accuracy with mass, equal to the mass which is accelerated by which a meter can measure a voltage, current, 1 meter per second per second by a force of 1 иə и resistance, or other quantity. { me¯d r sen kilogram-force; it is equal to 9.80665 kilograms. ə иə и s tiv d e¯ } Abbreviated TME. Also known as hyl; metric meter stop [MECH ENG] A valve installed in a slug. { meиtrik ¦tekиniиkəl ¦yu¨ иnət əv mas } water service pipe for control of the flow of water metric thread gearing [DES ENG] Gears that to a building. { me¯dиər sta¨p} may be interchanged in change-gear systems to meter-ton-second system [MECH] A modifica- provide feeds suitable for cutting metric and tion of the meter-kilogram-second system in module threads. { meиtrik thred girиiŋ } which the metric ton (1000 kilograms) replaces metric ton See tonne. { meиtrik tən} the kilogram as the unit of mass. { me¯dиər tən mg See milligram. sekиənd sisиtəm} mGal See milligal. meter wheel [ENG] A special block used to sup- mho See siemens. { mo¯ } port the oceanographic wire paid out over the mi See mile. side of a ship; attached directly or connected by MIC See microwave integrated circuit. means of a speedometer cable to a gearbox Michaelson actinograph [ENG] A pyrheliome- which measures the length of wire. { me¯dиər ter of the bimetallic type used to measure the we¯l} intensity of direct solar radiation; the radiation methanation [CHEM ENG] In coal gasification, is measured in terms of the angular deflection the catalytic conversion of hydrogen and carbon of a blackened bimetallic strip which is exposed monoxide to methane. { methиə na¯иshən} to the direct solar beams. { mı¯иkəlиsənak method of joints [ENG] Determination of tinиə graf } stresses for joints at which there are not more microacceleratometer [ENG] A MEMS device than two unknown forces by the methods of the developed for the automotive industry to control stress polygon, resolution, or moments. air-bag inflation. { mı¯иkro¯ иik selиəиrə ta¨mиədи { methиəd əv jo˙ ins } ər}
353
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. microactuator
microactuator [ENG] A very small actuator, with an electrode with a microscopic tip dimension physical dimensions in the submicrometer to that may be placed adjacent to or inside a cell millimeter range, generally batch-fabricated for the purpose of recording the electric poten- from silicon wafers. { mı¯иkro¯ akиchə wa¯dиər} tials of single cells, passing electrical currents, micro air vehicle [ENG] A very small airborne or injecting electrically charged substances into autonomous vehicle that can operate inside a the cell. 2. In physical chemistry, a minute elec- building using primarily visual and other sensory trode used to perform electrolysis of small quan- ¦ и иəи ə information to navigate. { mı¯ kro¯ er ve¯ k l} tities of material. { mı¯иkro¯ иi lek tro¯ d} microalloy diffused transistor ELECTR A mi- [ ] micro-electro-mechanical system [ENG] A sys- croalloy transistor in which the semiconductor tem in which micromechanisms are coupled with wafer is first subjected to gaseous diffusion to produce a nonuniform base region. Abbrevi- microelectronics, most commonly fabricated as ¦ и ə и microsensors or microactuators. Abbreviated ated MADT. { mı¯ kro¯ al o˙ idfyu¨ zd tran zis ¦ и tər} MEMS. Also known as microsystem. { mı¯ и əи ə иəи ə и ə microalloy transistor [ELECTR] A transistor in kro¯ i lek tr m kan k l sis t m} which the emitter and collector electrodes are microelectronic circuitry See microcircuitry. formed by etching depressions, then electroplat- { ¦mı¯иkro¯ иi lek tra¨nиik sərиkəиtre¯ } ing and alloying a thin film of the impurity metal microelectronics [ELECTR] The technology of to the semiconductor wafer, somewhat as in a constructing circuits and devices in extremely surface-barrier transistor. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ al o˙ i tran small packages by various techniques. Also zisиtər } known as microminiaturization; microsystem microangstrom [MECH] A unit of length equal electronics. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ иi lek tra¨nиiks } Ϫ to one-millionth of an angstrom, or 10 16 meter. microelement [ELECTR] Resistor, capacitor, Abbreviated A. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ aŋиstrəm} transistor, diode, inductor, transformer, or other microbalance [ENG] A small, light type of ana- electronic element or combination of elements lytical balance that can weigh loads of up to 0.1 mounted on a ceramic wafer 0.025 centimeter gram to the nearest microgram. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ balи thick and about 0.75 centimeter square; individ- ə ns } ual microelements are stacked, interconnected, и ə microbar See barye. { mı¯ kr ba¨r} and potted to form micromodules. [IND ENG] microbarogram [ENG] The record or trace made ¦ и иə An element of a work cycle whose time span is by a microbarograph. { mı¯ kro¯ bar gram } too short to be observed by the unaided eye. microcalorimeter ENG A calorimeter for mea- [ ] { ¦mı¯иkro¯ elиəиmənt } suring very small amounts of heat, in which the microencapsulation [CHEM ENG] Enclosing of heat source and a small heating coil are placed materials in capsules from well below 1 microm- in identical vessels and the amount of current eter to over 2000 micrometers in diameter. through the coil is varied until the temperatures ¦ и и и ə и ə of the vessels are identical, as indicated by ther- { mı¯ kro¯ in kap s la¯ sh n} mocouples. { mı¯иkro¯ kalиə rimиədиər} microengineering [ENG] The design and pro- microcapacitor [ELECTR] Any very small capac- duction of small, three-dimensional objects, itor used in microelectronics, usually consisting usually for manufacture in high volumes at low of a thin film of dielectric material sandwiched cost. { mı¯иkro¯ enиjə nirиiŋ } between electrodes. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ иkə pasиədиər} microfabrication [ENG] The technology of fabri- microcapsule [CHEM ENG] A capsule with a cating microsystems from silicon wafers, using plastic or waxlike coating having a diameter any- standard semiconductor process technologies in where from well below 1 micrometer to over 2000 combination with specially developed proc- micrometers. { mı¯иkro¯ kapиsəl} esses. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ fabиrə ka¯иshən} microcircuitry [ELECTR] Electronic circuit microfiltration [CHEM ENG] A membrane sepa- structures that are orders of magnitude smaller ration process in which particles greater than and lighter than circuit structures produced by about 20 nanometers in diameter are screened the most compact combinations of discrete com- out of a liquid in which they are suspended. ponents. Also known as microelectronic cir- { miиkro¯ иfil tra¯иshən} cuitry; microminiature circuitry. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ sərи əи microfluoroscope [ENG] A fluoroscope in k tre¯ } which a very fine-grained fluorescent screen is microcontroller [ELECTR] A microcomputer, optically enlarged. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ flu˙ rиə sko¯ p} microprocessor, or other equipment used for microforge ENG In micromanipulation tech- precise process control in data handling, com- [ ] munication, and manufacturing. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ и niques, an optical-mechanical device for control- kən tro¯ lиər} ling the position of needles or pipets in the field microdiffusiometer [ENG] A type of diffusio- of a low-power microscope by a simple micro- и ə meter in which diffusion is measured over micro- manipulator. { mı¯ kr fo˙ rj } scopic distances, greatly reducing the time re- microgram [MECH] A unit of mass equal to one- quired for the measurement and the effects of millionth of a gram. Abbreviated g. { mı¯и vibration and temperature changes. { mı¯иkro¯ и krə gram } də fyu¨ zиər} micrograph [ENG] An instrument for making microelectrode [ENG] 1. In biological research, very tiny writing or engraving. { mı¯иkrə graf }
354
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. microreactor
microgravity [MECH] A state of very weak grav- to which a deposited material conforms. { mı¯и ity, such that the gravitational acceleration expe- kro¯ mo¯ ldиiŋ } rienced by an observer inside the system in ques- micromotion film [IND ENG] A record of a spe- tion is of the order of one-millionth of that on cific task made with motion picture film or video earth. { mı¯иkro¯ gravиədиe¯ } tape in which each component of the activity is microgroove record See long-playing record. recorded in an individual frame. { mı¯иkro¯ mo¯ и { mı¯иkrə gru¨ v rekиərd } shən film } micro heat pipe [ENG] A very small heat pipe micromotion study See memomotion study. that has a diameter between about 100 microme- { ¦mı¯иkro¯ ¦mo¯ иshən stədиe¯ } ters and 2 millimeters (0.004 and 0.08 inch) and micron [MECH] 1. A unit of pressure equal to a triangular cross section or other cross section the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 1 with sharp corners, and that uses the sharp cor- micrometer high, having a density of 13.5951 ner regions instead of a wick to return the work- grams per cubic centimeter, under the standard ing fluid from the condenser to the evaporator; acceleration of gravity; equal to 0.133322387415 it has potential applications in the electronics pascal; it differs from the millitorr by less than (cooling circuit chips), medical, space, and air- one part in seven million. Also known as mi- и crometer of mercury. 2. See micrometer. { mı¯ craft industries. { mı¯ kro¯ he¯t pı¯p} micromachining [ENG] The use of standard kra¨n} semiconductor process technologies in combi- micro-opto-electro-mechanical system [ENG] nation with specially developed processes to fab- A microsystem that combines the functions of ricate miniature mechanical devices and compo- optical, mechanical, and electronic components in a single, very small package or assembly. Ab- nents on silicon and other materials. { mı¯иkro¯ и breviated MOEMS. { ¦mı¯иkro¦ a¨pиto¯ i¦lekиtro¯ mə she¯nиiŋ } mə¦kanиəиkəl sisиtəm} micromanipulator [ENG] A device for holding micro-opto-mechanical system ENG A micro- and moving fine instruments for the manipula- [ ] system that combines optical and mechanical tion of microscopic specimens under a micro- functions without the use of electronic devices scope. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ иmə nipиyə la¯dиər} or signals. Abbreviated MOMS. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ ¦opи micromanometer ENG Any manometer that is [ ] toиmə kanиəиkəl sisиtəm} designed to measure very small pressure differ- ¦ и и ə иə иə microphone [ENG ACOUS] An electroacoustic ences. { mı¯ kro¯ m na¨m d r} device containing a transducer which is actuated micromechanical display [ENG] A video dis- by sound waves and delivers essentially equiva- play based on an array of mirrors on a silicon lent electric waves. { mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} chip that can be deflected by electrostatic forces. microphone transducer [ENG ACOUS] A device Abbreviated MMD. { mı¯иkro¯ иmə kanиiиkəl which converts variation in the position or veloc- di spla¯ } ity of some body into corresponding variations micromechanics [ENG] 1. The design and fabri- of some electrical quantity, in a microphone. cation of micromechanisms. 2. See composite и ə ¨ и ə ¦ и и ə и { mı¯ kr fo¯ n tranz du s r} micromechanics. { mı¯ kro¯ m kan iks } microphotometer [ENG] A photometer that micromechanism [ENG] A mechanical compo- provides highly accurate illumination measure- nent with submillimeter dimensions and corres- ments; in one form, the changes in illumination ponding tolerances of the order of 1 micrometer are picked up by a phototube and converted into ¦ и иə иə or less. { mı¯ kro¯ mek niz m} current variations that are amplified by vacuum micromechatronics [ENG] The branch of engi- tubes. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ иfə ta¨mиədиər} neering concerned with micro-electro-mechani- micropipet [ENG] 1. A pipet with capacity of 0.5 cal systems. { ¦mı¯иkro mekиə tra¨nиiks } milliliter or less, to measure small volumes of micrometer [ENG] 1. An instrument attached to liquids with a high degree of accuracy; types a telescope or microscope for measuring small include lambda, straight-bore, and Lang-Levy. distances or angles. 2. A caliper for making pre- 2. A fine-pointed pipette used for microinjection. cise measurements; a spindle is moved by a { mı¯иkro¯ иpı¯ pet } screw thread so that it touches the object to be microporous barrier [CHEM ENG] A metallic or measured; the dimension can then be read on plastic membrane with micrometer-sized pores a scale. Also known as micrometer caliper. used for dialysis and other membrane-separa- [MECH] A unit of length equal to one-millionth tion processes. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ po˙ rиəs barиe¯иər} of a meter. Abbreviated m. Also known as microprocessor [ELECTR] A single silicon chip micron (). { mı¯ kra¨mиədиər} on which the arithmetic and logic functions of micrometer caliper See micrometer. { mı¯ kra¨mи a computer are placed. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ pra¨ sesиər} ədиər kalиəиpər} micropycnometer [ENG] A small-volume pyc- micrometer of mercury See micron. { mı¯ kra¨mи nometer with a capacity from 0.25 to 1.6 milli- ədиər əv mərиkyəиre¯ } liters; weighing precision is 1 part in 10,000, or micromicrowatt See picowatt. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ ¦mı¯и better. { mı¯иkro¯ иpik na¨mиədиər} kro¯ wa¨t} microreactor [CHEM ENG] A microsystem for micromolding [ENG] An alternative technique chemical and biochemical reactions, including to micromachining for fabricating microsystems, separation, fluid handling, and unit operations in which a sacrificial material serves as a mold of chemical engineering, as well as analytical
355
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. micro-reciprocal-degree
systems. Its small reaction volumes and high tension is developed in a wall or foundation if heat and mass transfer rates allow for precise the resultant force lies within the middle third adjustment of process conditions, short re- of the structure. { midиəl ¦thərd ru¨ l} sponse times, and defined residence times, re- midrange [ENG ACOUS] A loudspeaker de- sulting in greater process control and higher signed to reproduce medium audio frequencies, yields and selectivity. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ иre¯ akиtər} generally used in conjunction with a crossover micro-reciprocal-degree See mired. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ network, a tweeter, and a woofer. Also known ri sipиrəиkəldi gre¯ } as squawker. { mid ra¯nj } microrheology [MECH] A branch of rheology in Mie-Gru¨neisen equation [THERMO] An equa- which the heterogeneous nature of dispersed tion of state particularly useful at high pressure, systems is taken into account. { ¦mı¯иkro¯ иre¯ a¨lи which states that the volume of a system times əиje¯ } the difference between the pressure and the microsecond [MECH] A unit of time equal to pressure at absolute zero equals the product of one-millionth of a second. Abbreviated s. a number which depends only on the volume { ¦mı¯иkrə sekиənd } times the difference between the internal energy microsensor [ENG] A submicrometer- to milli- and the internal energy at absolute zero. { me¯ meter-size device that converts a nonelectrical gru˙ nı¯zиəni kwa¯иzhən} physical or chemical quantity, such as pressure, migration See bleeding. { mı¯ gra¯иshən} acceleration, temperature, or gas concentration, mil [MECH] 1. A unit of length, equal to 0.001 into an electrical signal; it is generally able to inch, or to 2.54 ϫ 10Ϫ5 meter. Also known as offer better sensitivity, accuracy, dynamic range, milli-inch; thou. 2. See milliliter. { mil } and reliability, as well as lower power consump- mile [MECH] A unit of length in common use in tion, compared to larger counterparts. { mı¯и the United States, equal to 5280 feet, or 1609.344 kro¯ senиsər} meters. Abbreviated mi. Also known as land microsystem See micro-electro-mechanical sys- mile; statute mile. { mı¯l} tem. { mı¯иkro¯ sisиtəm} milepost [CIV ENG] 1. A post placed a mile away microtome [ENG] An instrument for cutting from a similar post. 2. A post indicating mile- thin sections of tissues or other materials for age from a given point. { mı¯l po¯ st } microscopical examination. { mı¯иkrə to¯ m} milestone activity See key activity. { mı¯l sto¯ n ak microwatt [MECH] A unit of power equal to one- tivиədиe¯ } millionth of a watt. Abbreviated W. { mı¯и military engineering [ENG] Science, art, and krə wa¨t} practice involved in design and construction of microwave early warning [ENG] High-power, defensive and offensive military works as well as long-range radar with a number of indicators, construction and maintenance of transportation giving high resolution, and with a large traffic- systems. { milиi terиe¯ enиjə nirиiŋ } handling capacity; used for early warning of mis- military geology [ENG] The application of the siles. { mı¯иkrə wa¯v ¦ərиle¯ wo˙ rиniŋ } earth sciences to such military concerns as ter- microwave impedance measurement [ENG] rain analysis, water supply, foundations, and The determination of parameters, associated construction of roads and airfields. { milиi terи with microwave propagation in transmission e¯ je¯ a¨lиəиje¯ } lines or waveguides, which are generalizations military technology [ENG] The technology of the impedance concept at lower frequencies needed to develop and support the armament and are derived from ratios of electric- or mag- used by the military. { milиi terиe¯ tek na¨lиəиje¯ } netic-field amplitudes. { mı¯иkrə wa¯vim pe¯dи mill [IND ENG] 1. A machine that manufactures əns mezhиərиmənt } paper, textiles, or other products by the continu- microwave integrated circuit [ELECTR] A mi- ous repetition of some simple process or action. crowave circuit that uses integrated-circuit pro- 2. A building that houses machinery for manufac- duction techniques involving such features as turing processes. { mil } thin or thick films, substrates, dielectrics, con- mill building [CIV ENG] A steel-frame building ductors, resistors, and microstrip lines, to build in which roof trusses span columns in the out- passive assemblies on a dielectric. Abbrevi- side wall; originally, this type of building housed ated MIC. { mı¯иkrə wa¯v intиə gra¯dиəd sərиkət} milling machinery, as for wood or metal, hence microwave noise standard [ENG] An electrical the name. { mil bildиiŋ } noise generator of calculable intensity that is miller See milling machine. { milиər} used to calibrate other noise sources by using millibar [MECH] A unit of pressure equal to one- comparison methods. { mı¯иkrə wa¯v noiz stanи thousandth of a bar. Abbreviated mb. Also dərd } known as vac. { milиə ba¨r} microwave oven [ENG] An oven that uses mi- millier See tonne. { mil ya¯ } crowave heating for fast cooking of meat and milligal [MECH] A unit of acceleration com- other foods. { mı¯иkrə wa¯v əvиən} monly used in geodetic measurements, equal to Ϫ Ϫ microwave solid-state device [ELECTR] A semi- 10 3 galileo, or 10 5 meter per second per sec- conductor device for the generation or amplifica- ond. Abbreviated mGal. { milиə gal } tion of electromagnetic energy at microwave fre- milligram [MECH] A unit of mass equal to one- quencies. { mı¯иkrə wa¯v ¦sa¨lиəd ¦sta¯tdi vı¯s} thousandth of a gram. Abbreviated mg. middle-third rule [CIV ENG] The rule that no { milиə gram }
356
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. minor diameter
millihg See millimeter of mercury. at the bottom used for hauling bulk materials. milli-inch See mil. { mı¯n ka¨r} Ϫ milliliter [MECH] A unit of volume equal to 10 3 mineral engineering See mining engineering. liter or 10Ϫ6 cubic meter. Abbreviated ml. { minиrəl enиjə nirиiŋ } Also known as mil. { milиə le¯dиər} minim [MECH] A unit of volume in the apothe- millimeter [MECH] A unit of length equal to caries’ measure; equals 1/60 fluidram (approxi- one-thousandth of a meter. Abbreviated mm. mately 0.061612 cubic centimeter) or about 1 Also known as metric line; strich. { milи drop (of water). Abbreviated min. { minиəm} ə me¯dиər} minimal realization [CONT SYS] In linear system millimeter of mercury [MECH] A unit of pres- theory, a set of differential equations, of the sure, equal to the pressure exerted by a column smallest possible dimension, which have an in- of mercury 1 millimeter high with a density of put/output transfer function matrix equal to a 13.5951 grams per cubic centimeter under the given matrix function G(s). { minиəиməl re¯иəи ə и ə standard acceleration of gravity; equal to l za¯ sh n} 133.322387415 pascals; it differs from the torr mini-maxi regret [CONT SYS] In decision theory, by less than 1 part in 7,000,000. Abbreviated a criterion which selects that strategy which has mmHg. Also known as millihg. { milиə me¯dи the smallest maximum difference between its ər əv mərиkyəиre¯ } payoff and that of the best hindsight choice. { ¦minиe ¦makиse ri gret } millimeter of water [MECH] A unit of pressure, ¯ ¯ equal to the pressure exerted by a column of minimum metal condition [DES ENG] The con- water 1 millimeter high with a density of 1 gram dition corresponding to the removal of the great- est amount of material permissible in a ma- per cubic centimeter under the standard acceler- иəи ə иə ə и ation of gravity; equal to 9.80665 pascals. Ab- chined part. { min m m med lkn dish ən} breviated mmH O. { milиə me¯dиər əv wo˙ dər} 2 minimum-phase system [CONT SYS] A linear millimicron See nanometer. { milиə mı¯иkro˙ n} system for which the poles and zeros of the trans- milling [MECH ENG] Mechanical treatment of fer function all have negative or zero real parts. materials to produce a powder, to change the { minиəиməm fa¯z sisиtəm} size or shape of metal powder particles, or to minimum reflux ratio [CHEM ENG] The smallest coat one powder mixture with another. { milи ŋ reflux ratio in a two-component liquid distilla- i } tion system that will produce the desired over- milling cutter [DES ENG] A rotary tool-steel cut- head and bottom compositions. { minиəиməm ting tool with peripheral teeth, used in a milling re¯ fləks ra¯иsho¯ } machine to remove material from the workpiece minimum resolvable temperature difference through the relative motion of workpiece and и ŋ ə иə [THERMO] The change in equivalent blackbody cutter. { mil i k d r} temperature that corresponds to a change in milling machine [MECH ENG] A machine for the radiance which will produce a just barely resolv- removal of metal by feeding a workpiece through able change in the output of an infrared imaging the periphery of a rotating circular cutter. Also device, taking into account the characteristics of и ŋ ə known as miller. { mil i m she¯n} the device, the display, and the observer. Ab- milling planer [MECH ENG] A planer that uses breviated MRTD. { minиəиməmri za¨lиvəиbəl a rotary cutter rather than single-point tools. temиprəиchər difиrəns } и ŋ иə { mil i pla¯n r} minimum thermometer [ENG] A thermometer millisecond [MECH] A unit of time equal to that automatically registers the lowest tempera- one-thousandth of a second. Abbreviated ms; ture attained during an interval of time. { minи msec. { milиə sekиənd } əиməmthər ma¨mиədиər} millisecond delay cap [ENG] A delay cap with minimum turning circle [ENG] The diameter of an extremely short (20–500 thousandths of a the circle described by the outermost projection second) interval between passing of current and of a vehicle when the vehicle is making its short- explosion. Also known as short-delay detona- est possible turn. { minиəиməm tərnиiŋ sərи tor. { milиə sekиənd di la¯ kap } kəl} milliwatt [MECH] A unit of power equal to one- minimum wetting rate [CHEM ENG] The small- thousandth of a watt. Abbreviated mW. est liquid-flow rate through a packed column { milиə wa¨t} that will thoroughly wet the column packing. mill length See random length. { mil leŋkth } { minиəиməm wedиiŋ ra¯t} millrace [CIV ENG] A canal filled with water that mining engineering [ENG] Engineering con- flows to and from a waterwheel acting as the cerned with the discovery, development, and ex- power supply for a mill. { mil ra¯s} ploitation of coal, ores, and minerals, as well as millwright [ENG] 1. A person who plans, builds, the cleaning, sizing, and dressing of the product. or sets up the machinery for a mill. 2. A person Also known as mineral engineering. { mı¯nиiŋ who repairs milling machines. { mil rı¯t} enиjə nirиiŋ } min See minim. { min } minor defect [IND ENG] A defect which reduces mine car [MECH ENG] An industrial car, usually the effectiveness of the product, without causing of the four-wheel type, with a low body; the door serious malfunctioning. { mı¯nиərdi fekt } is at one end, pivoted at the top with a latch minor diameter [DES ENG] The diameter of a
357
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. minor loop
cylinder bounding the root of an external thread mistuning [MECH] The difference between the or the crest of an internal thread. { mı¯nиər square of the natural frequency of vibration of a dı¯ amиədиər} vibrating system, without the effect of damping, minor loop [CONT SYS] A portion of a feedback and the square of the frequency of an external, control system that consists of a continuous net- oscillating force. { mis tu¨ nиiŋ } work containing both forward elements and feed- miter bend [DES ENG] A pipe bend made by back elements. { mı¯nиər ¦lu¨ p} mitering (angle cutting) and joining pipe ends. minus angle See angle of depression. { mı¯иnəs { mı¯dиər bend } aŋиgəl} miter box [ENG] A troughlike device of metal or minus sight See foresight. { mı¯иnəs sı¯t} wood with vertical slots set at various angles in minute [MECH] A unit of time, equal to 60 sec- the upright sides, for guiding a handsaw in mak- onds. { minиət} ing a miter joint. { mı¯dиər ba¨ks } mired [THERMO] A unit used to measure the miter gate [CIV ENG] Either of a pair of canal reciprocal of color temperature, equal to the re- lock gates that swing out from the side walls and 6 ciprocal of a color temperature of 10 kelvins. meet at an angle pointing toward the upper level. Derived from micro-reciprocal-degree. { mı¯rd } { mı¯dиər ga¯t} mirror-image programming [CONT SYS] Pro- miter gear [DES ENG] A bevel gear whose bevels gramming of a robot in which the x and y axes are in 1:1 ratio. { mı¯dиər gir } are reversed in all instructions, in order to create иə ¦ и miter joint [DES ENG] A joint, usually perpen- mirror images of workpieces. { mir r im ij dicular, in which the mating ends are beveled. pro gramиiŋ } ¯ { mı¯dиər jo˙ int } mirror interferometer [ENG] An interferometer miter saw [DES ENG] A hollow-ground saw in used in radio astronomy, in which the sea surface diameters from 6 to 16 inches (15.24 to 40.64 acts as a mirror to reflect radio waves up to a centimeters), used for cutting off and mitering on single antenna, where the reflected waves inter- light stock such as moldings and cabinet work. fere with the waves arriving directly from the { mı¯dиər so˙ } source. { mirиər inиtərиfə ra¨mиədиər} miter valve [DES ENG] A valve in which a disk mirror nephoscope [ENG] A nephoscope in fits in a seat making a 45Њ angle with the axis of which the motion of a cloud is observed by its иə reflection in a mirror. Also known as cloud the valve. { mı¯d r valv } mirror; reflecting nephoscope. { mirиər nefиə mixed cycle [MECH ENG] An internal combus- tion engine cycle which combines the Otto cycle sko¯ p} constant-volume combustion and the Diesel cy- mirror scale [ENG] A scale with a mirror used to align the eye perpendicular to the scale and cle constant-pressure combustion in high-speed pointer when taking a reading; improves accu- compression-ignition engines. Also known as иə combination cycle; commercial Diesel cycle; lim- racy by eliminating parallax. { mir r ska¯l} и ə mirror transit circle [ENG] A development of ited-pressure cycle. { mikst sı¯ k l} the conventional transit circle in which light from mixed flow [CHEM ENG] Flow stream existing in a star is reflected into fixed horizontal telescopes two or more phases, such as gas, hydrocarbon, pointing due north and south by a plane mirror and water. Also known as mixed-phase flow. that is mounted on a horizontal east-west axis { mikst flo¯ } and attached to a large circle with accurately mixed-flow impeller [MECH ENG] An impeller calibrated markings to determine the mirror’s for a pump or compressor which combines radi- ¦ position. { mirиər tranиzit sərиkəl} al- and axial-flow principles. { mikst flo¯ im иə mismatch [ELEC] The condition in which the pel r} impedance of a source does not match or equal mixed-phase flow See mixed flow. { mikst ¦fa¯z the impedance of the connected load or trans- flo¯ } mission line. { mis mach } mixer-settler [CHEM ENG] Solvent-extraction missed hole See failed hole. { mist ho¯ l} system with alternating or combined arrange- missed round [ENG] A round in which all or ment of mixers and settlers; used for chemicals part of the explosive has failed to detonate. extraction, lubricating-oil refining, and uranium { mist rau˙ nd } oxide recovery. Also known as mixer-settler ex- missile attitude [MECH] The position of a mis- tractor. { mikиsər setиlər} sile as determined by the inclination of its axes mixer-settler extractor See mixer-settler. { mikи (roll, pitch, and yaw) in relation to another ob- sər ¦setиlərik strakиtər} ject, as to the earth. { misиəl adиə tu¨ d} mixing [CHEM ENG] The intermingling of differ- missile site radar [ENG] Phased array radar lo- ent materials (liquid, gas, solid) to produce a cated at a missile launch area to provide a guid- homogeneous mixture. [ELECTR] Combining ance link with interceptor missiles enroute to two or more signals, such as the outputs of sev- their targets. { misиəl ¦sı¯t ra¯ da¨r} eral microphones. { mikиsiŋ } mist extractor [ENG] A device that removes liq- mixing chamber [ENG] The space in a welding uid mist or droplets from a gas stream via im- torch in which the gases are mixed. { mikиsiŋ pingement, flow-direction change, velocity cha¯mиbər} change, centrifugal force, filters, or coalescing mixing valve [ENG] Multi-inlet valve used to packs. { mist ik strakиtər } mix two or more fluid intakes to give a mixed
358
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. modulation
product of desired composition. { mikиsiŋ model reference system [CONT SYS] An ideal valv } system whose response is agreed to be optimum; m-kgf See meter-kilogram. computer simulation in which both the model mks system See meter-kilogram-second system. system and the actual system are subjected to { ¦em¦ka¯ es sisиtəm} the same stimulus is carried out, and parameters ml See milliliter. of the actual system are adjusted to minimize mm See millimeter. the difference in the outputs of the model and MMD See micromechanical display. the actual system. { ma¨dиəl refиrəns sisиtəm} M meter [ENG] A class of instruments which model tank See model basin. { ma¨dиəl taŋk} measure the liquid water content of the atmos- modem [ELECTR] A combination modulator phere. { em me¯dиər} and demodulator at each end of a telephone line mmHg See millimeter of mercury. to convert binary digital information to audio mmH2O See millimeter of water. tone signals suitable for transmission over the MMSCFD [CHEM ENG] Abbreviation for million line, and vice versa. Also known as dataset. standard cubic feet per day; usually refers to Derived from modulator-demodulator. { mo¯ gas flow. dem } MMSCFH [CHEM ENG] Abbreviation for million mode of oscillation See mode of vibration. { mo¯ d standard cubic feet per hour; usually refers to əv a¨sиə la¯иshən} gas flow. mode of vibration [MECH] A characteristic man- MMSCFM [CHEM ENG] Abbreviation for million ner in which a system which does not dissipate standard cubic feet per minute; usually refers to energy and whose motions are restricted by gas flow. boundary conditions can oscillate, having a char- mobile crane [MECH ENG] 1. A cable-controlled acteristic pattern of motion and one of a discrete crane mounted on crawlers or rubber-tired carri- set of frequencies. Also known as mode of os- ers. 2. A hydraulic-powered crane with a tele- cillation. { mo¯ d əvvı ¯ bra¯иshən} scoping boom mounted on truck-type carriers or modern control [CONT SYS] A control system as self-propelled models. { mo¯ иbəl kra¯n} that takes account of the dynamics of the proc- mobile hoist [MECH ENG] A platform hoist esses involved and the limitations on measuring mounted on a pair of pneumatic-tired road wheels, so it can be towed from one site to an- them, with the aim of approaching the condition of optimal control. { ma¨dиərn kən trol} other. { mo¯ иbəl ho˙ ist } ¯ MODFET See high-electron-mobility transistor. mobile loader [MECH ENG] A self-propelling power machine for loading coal, mineral, or dirt. { ma¨d fet } { mo¯ иbəl lo¯ dиər} modification [ENG] A major or minor change in the design of an item, effected in order to correct mobile robot [CONT SYS] A robot mounted on a movable platform that transports it to the area a deficiency, to facilitate production, or to im- и ə prove operational effectiveness. { ma¨dиəиfə where it carries out tasks. { mo¯ b l ro¯ ba¨t} и ə mobility [ENG] The ability of an analytical bal- ka¯ sh n} ance to react to small load changes; affected by modification kit [ENG] A collection of items not friction and degree of looseness in the balance all having the same basic name which are em- components. { mo¯ bilиədиe¯ } ployed individually or conjunctively to alter the и mobility threshhold [ENG] On an analytical bal- design of a component or equipment. { ma¨d əи ə и ə ance, the smallest load change that will cause a f ka¯ sh n kit } noticeable change in the weight measurement. MOD room [ENG ACOUS] A control room in a {mo¯ bilиədиe¯ ¦thresh ho¯ ld } sound-recording studio in which the acoustic mockup [ENG] A model, often full-sized, of a treatment comprises a uniform disposition of piece of equipment, or installation, so devised the sound-absorbent material all about the as to expose its parts for study, training, or test- room. { ma¨d ru¨ m} ing. { ma¨k əp} modular structure [BUILD] A building that is model basin [ENG] A large basin or tank of constructed of preassembled or presized units of water where scale models of ships can be tested. standard sizes; uses a 4-inch (10.16-centimeter) Also known as model tank; towing tank. { ma¨dи cubical module as a reference. [ELECTR] 1. An əl ba¯sиən} assembly involving the use of integral multiples model-following problem [CONT SYS] The of a given length for the dimensions of electronic problem of determining a control that causes components and electronic equipment, as well the response of a given system to be as close as for spacings of holes in a chassis or printed as possible to the response of a model system, wiring board. 2. An assembly made from mod- given the same input. { ma¨dиəl ¦fa¨lиəиwiŋ ules. { ma¨jиəиlər strəkиchər} pra¨bиləm} modulate [ELECTR] To vary the amplitude, fre- model reduction [CONT SYS] The process of dis- quency, or phase of a wave, or vary the velocity carding certain modes of motion while retaining of the electrons in an electron beam in some others in the model used by an active control characteristic manner. { ma¨jиə la¯t} system, in order that the control system can com- modulation [MECH ENG] Regulation of the fuel- pute control commands with sufficient rapidity. air mixture to a burner in response to fluctua- { ma¨dиəlri dəkиshən } tions of load on a boiler. { ma¨jиə la¯иshən}
359
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. modulation-doped field-effect transistor
modulation-doped field-effect transistor See high- can withstand without breaking when it is bent, electron-mobility transistor. { ma¨jиə la¯иshən as calculated from the breaking load under the ¦do¯ pt fe¯ld i¦fekt tran zisиtər } assumption that the specimen is elastic until modulation meter [ENG] Instrument for mea- rupture takes place. { ma¨jиəиləs əv rəpиchərin suring the degree of modulation (modulation bendиiŋ } factor) of a modulated wave train, usually ex- modulus of rupture in torsion [MECH] The max- pressed in percent. { ma¨jиə la¯иshən me¯dиər } imum stress per unit area that a specimen can modulation transformer [ENG ACOUS] An withstand without breaking when its ends are audio-frequency transformer which matches im- twisted, as calculated from the breaking load pedances and transmits audio frequencies be- under the assumption that the specimen is elas- tween one or more plates of an audio output tic until rupture takes place. { ma¨jиəиləs əv stage and the grid or plate of a modulated ampli- rəpиchərin to˙ rиshən} fier. { ma¨jиə la¯иshən tranz fo˙ rиmər} modulus of simple longitudinal extension See axial modulator [ELECTR] 1. The transmitter stage modulus. { ¦ma¨jиəиləs əv ¦simиpəl la¨nиjə¦tu¨ dи that supplies the modulating signal to the modu- ənиəlik stenиchən} lated amplifier stage or that triggers the modu- modulus of torsion See torsional modulus. lated amplifier stage to produce pulses at de- { ma¨jиəиləs əv to˙ rиshən} sired instants as in radar. 2. A device that pro- modulus of volume elasticity See bulk modulus duces modulation by any means, such as by of elasticity. { ma¨jиəиləs əv va¨lиyəmi las tisи virtue of a nonlinear characteristic or by control- ədиe¯ } ling some circuit quantity in accordance with the MOEMS See micro-opto-electro-mechanical sys- waveform of a modulating signal. 3. One of the tem. { mo¯ emz } electrodes of a spacistor. { ma¨jиə la¯dиər} mohm [MECH] A unit of mechanical mobility, modulator-demodulator See modem. { ma¨jи equal to the reciprocal of 1 mechanical ohm. ə la¯dиərde¯ ma¨jиə la¯dиər} {mo¯ m} module [ELECTR] A packaged assembly of wired Mohr cubic centimeter [CHEM ENG] A unit of components, built in a standardized size and volume used in saccharimetry, equal to the vol- having standardized plug-in or solderable termi- ume of 1 gram of water at a specified tempera- nations. [ENG] A unit of size used as a basic ture, usually 17.5ЊC, in which case, it is equal component for standardizing the design and to 1.00238 cubic centimeters. { mo˙ r kyu¨ иbik construction of buildings, building parts, and fur- sentиə me¯dиər} niture. { ma¨jиu¨ l} Mohr liter [CHEM ENG] A unit of volume, equal modulus of compression See bulk modulus of elas- to 1000 Mohr cubic centimeters. { mo˙ r le¯dиər} ticity. { ma¨jиəиləs əvkəm preshиən} Mohr’s circle [MECH] A graphical construction modulus of decay [MECH] The time required making it possible to determine the stresses in a for the amplitude of oscillation of an under- cross section if the principal stresses are known. damped harmonic oscillator to drop to 1/e of its { mo˙ rz sərиkəl} initial value; the reciprocal of the damping factor. moire´ interferometry [ENG] An optical tech- { ¦ma¨jиəиləs əvdi ka¯ } nique that measures the components of defor- modulus of deformation [MECH] The modulus mation of a specimen surface in the plane of the of elasticity of a material that deforms other than surface by superposing a reference grating and a according to Hooke’s law. { ma¨jиəиləs əv de¯ diffraction grating that is applied to, and deforms fo˙ r ma¯иshən } with, the surface. { mo˙ ra¯ inиtərиfə ra¨mиəиtre¯ } modulus of elasticity [MECH] The ratio of the moist-heat sterilization [ENG] Sterilization with increment of some specified form of stress to steam under pressure, as in an autoclave, pres- the increment of some specified form of strain, sure cooker, or retort; most bacteriological media such as Young’s modulus, the bulk modulus, or are sterilized by autoclaving at 121ЊC, with 15 the shear modulus. Also known as coefficient pounds (103 kilopascals) of pressure, for 20 min- of elasticity; elasticity modulus; elastic modulus. utes or more. { mo˙ ist ¦he¯t sterиəиlə za¯иshən} { ma¨jиəиləs əvi las tisиədиe¯ } moist room [ENG] An enclosed space that is modulus of elasticity in shear [MECH] A meas- maintained at a specified temperature, usually ure of a material’s resistance to shearing stress, 73ЊF (23ЊC), with the humidity maintained at 98% equal to the shearing stress divided by the resul- or above and that is used to cure and store test tant angle of deformation expressed in radians. specimens of cementitious material. { mo˙ ist Also known as coefficient of rigidity; modulus of ru¨ m} rigidity; rigidity modulus; shear modulus. moisture content [MECH] The quantity of water { ma¨jиəиləs əvi las tisиədиe¯ in shir } in a mass of soil, sewage, sludge, or screenings; modulus of resilience [MECH] The maximum expressed in percentage by weight of water in mechanical energy stored per unit volume of ma- the mass. { mo˙ isиchər ka¨nиtent } terial when it is stressed to its elastic limit. moisture gradient [ENG] The difference in { ma¨jиəиləs əvri zilиyəns } moisture content between the surface and the modulus of rigidity See modulus of elasticity in inner portion of a section of wood. { mo˙ isиchər shear. { ma¨jиəиləs əvri jidиədиe¯ } gra¯dиe¯иənt } modulus of rupture in bending [MECH] The moisture loss [MECH ENG] The difference in maximum stress per unit area that a specimen heat content between the moisture in the boiler
360
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. momentum
exit gases and that of moisture at ambient air molecular gage [ENG] Any instrument, such as temperature. { mo˙ isиchər lo˙ s} a rotating viscometer gage or a decrement gage, mold [ENG] 1. A pattern or template used as a that uses the dependence of the viscosity of a guide in construction. 2. A cavity which imparts gas on its pressure to measure pressures on the its form to a fluid or malleable substance. order of 1 pascal or less. Also known as viscos- [ENG ACOUS] The metal part derived from the ity gage; viscosity manometer. { mə lekиyəиlər master by electroforming in reproducing disk re- ga¯j} cordings; has grooves similar to those of the molecular heat [THERMO] The heat capacity per recording. { mo¯ ld } mole of a substance. { mə lekиyəиlər he¯t} mold base [ENG] The assembly of all parts of molecular heat diffusion [THERMO] Transfer of an injection mold except the cavity, cores, and heat through the motion of molecules. pins. { mo¯ ld ba¯s} {mə lekиyəиlər ¦he¯tdi fyu¨ иshən} molded-fabric bearing [DES ENG] A bearing molecular pump [MECH ENG] A vacuum pump composed of laminations of cotton or other fab- in which the molecules of the gas to be ex- ric impregnated with a phenolic resin and hausted are carried away by the friction between molded under heat and pressure. { mo¯ lиdəd them and a rapidly revolving disk or drum. ¦fabиrik berиiŋ }{mə lekиyəиlər pəmp } molded lines [ENG] Full-size lines of a ship or mole drain [CIV ENG] A subsurface channel for airplane which are laid out in a mold loft. water drainage; formed by pulling a solid object, { mo¯ lиdəd lı¯nz } usually a solid cylinder having a wedge-shaped mold efficiency [ENG] In a multimold blow- point at one end, through the soil at the proper molding system, the percentage of the total turn- slope and depth. { mo¯ l dra¯n} around time actually required for the forming, Mollier diagram [THERMO] Graph of enthalpy cooling, and ejection of the formed objects. versus entropy of a vapor on which isobars, iso- { mo¯ ld i fishиənиse¯ } thermals, and lines of equal dryness are plotted. molding cycle [ENG] 1. The time required for a {mo˙ l ya¯ dı¯иə gram } complete sequence of molding operations. Moll thermopile [ENG] A thermopile used in 2. The combined operations required to produce some types of radiation instruments; alternate a set of moldings. { mo¯ lиdiŋ sı¯иkəl } junctions of series-connected manganan-con- molding pressure [ENG] Pressure needed to stantan molybdenum, added as ferromolybde- force softened plastic to fill a mold cavity. num or calcium molybdenum; increases { mo¯ lиdiŋ preshиər} strength, toughness, and wear resistance. molding shrinkage [ENG] Difference in dimen- { mo˙ l thərиmə pı¯l} sions between the molding and the mold cavity, moment [MECH] Static moment of some quan- measured at normal room temperature. { mo¯ lи tity, except in the term ‘‘moment of inertia.’’ diŋ shriŋkиij } { mo¯ иmənt } molding time See curing time. { mo¯ lиdiŋ tı¯m} momental ellipsoid [MECH] An inertia ellipsoid mold loft [ENG] A large building with a smooth whose size is specified to be such that the tip wooden floor where full-size lines of a ship or of the angular velocity vector of a freely rotating airplane are laid down and templates are con- object, with origin at the center of the ellipsoid, structed from them to lay off the steel for cutting. always lies on the ellipsoid’s surface. Also { mo¯ ld lo˙ ft } known as energy ellipsoid. { mo¯ mentиəl ə mold seam See seam. { mo¯ ld se¯m} lip so˙ id } mole [CIV ENG] A breakwater or berthing facil- moment diagram [MECH] A graph of the bend- ity, extending from shore to deep water, with a ing moment at a section of a beam versus the core of stone or earth. [MECH ENG] A me- distance of the section along the beam. { mo¯ и chanical tunnel excavator. { mo¯ l} mənt dı¯иə gram } molecular circuit [ELECTR] A circuit in which moment of force See torque. { mo¯ иmənt əv fo˙ rs } the individual components are physically indis- moment of inertia [MECH] The sum of the prod- tinguishable from each other. { mə lekиyəиlər ucts formed by multiplying the mass (or some- sərиkət } times, the area) of each element of a figure by molecular drag pump [ENG] A vacuum pump the square of its distance from a specified line. in which pumping is accomplished by imparting Also known as rotational inertia. { mo¯ иmənt a high momentum to the gas molecules by im- əvi nərиshə } pingement of a body rotating at very high speeds, moment of momentum See angular momentum. as much as 16,000 revolutions per minute; such { mo¯ иmənt əvmo¯ mentиəm} Ϫ pumps achieve a vacuum as high as 10 6 torr. moment sensor [ENG] A device that measures {mə lekиyəиlər drag pəmp } the force applied at a remote point in a robotic molecular engineering [ELECTR] The use of system. { mo¯ иmənt senиsər} solid-state techniques to build, in extremely momentum [MECH] 1. Also known as linear mo- small volumes, the components necessary to mentum; vector momentum. 2. For a single provide the functional requirements of overall nonrelativistic particle, the product of the mass equipments, which when handled in more con- and the velocity of a particle. 3. For a single ventional ways are vastly bulkier. { mə lekиyəи relativistic particle, mv/(1 Ϫ v 2/c 2)1/2, where m is lər enиjə nirиiŋ } the rest-mass, v the velocity, and c the speed of
361
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. momentum conservation
light. 4. For a system of particles, the vector monument [ENG] A natural or artificial (but per- sum of the momenta (as in the first or second manent) structure that marks the location on definition) of the particles. { mo¯ mentиəm} the ground of a corner or other survey point. momentum conservation See conservation of mo- { ma¨nиyəиmənt } mentum. { mo¯ m mentиəm ka¨nиsər va¯иshən} Moody formula [MECH ENG] A formula giving MOMS See micro-opto-mechanical system. the efficiency eЈ of a field turbine, whose runner {ma¨mz or ¦em¦o¯ ¦em es } has diameter DЈ, in terms of the efficiency e of monaural sound [ENG ACOUS] Sound produced a model turbine, whose runner has diameter D; by a system in which one or more microphones eЈ ϭ 1 Ϫ (1 Ϫ e)(D/DЈ)1/5.{ mu¨ dиe¯ fo˙ rиmyəиlə } are connected to a single transducing channel Mooney unit [CHEM ENG] An arbitrary unit used which is coupled to one or two earphones worn to measure the plasticity of raw, or unvulcanized by the listener. { ma¨n o˙ rиəl sau˙ nd } rubber; the plasticity in Mooney units is equal monitor [ENG] 1. An instrument used to meas- to the torque, measured on an arbitrary scale, ure continuously or at intervals a condition that on a disk in a vessel that contains rubber at a must be kept within prescribed limits, such as temperature of 100ЊC and rotates at two revolu- radioactivity at some point in a nuclear reactor, a tions per minute. { mu¨ nиe¯ yu¨ иnət} variable quantity in an automatic process control moor [ENG] Securing a ship or aircraft by at- system, the transmissions in a communication taching it to a fixed object or a mooring buoy channel or bank, or the position of an aircraft in with chains or lines, or with anchors or other flight. 2. To use meters or special techniques devices. { mu˙ r} to measure such a condition. 3. A person who иə иə mooring buoy [ENG] A buoy secured to the bot- watches a monitor. { ma¨n d r} tom by permanent moorings and provided with monkey wrench [DES ENG] A wrench having means for mooring a vessel by use of its anchor one jaw fixed and the other adjustable, both of chain or mooring lines; in its usual form a moor- which are perpendicular to a straight handle. ing buoy is equipped with a ring. { mu˙ rиiŋ { məŋиke¯ rench } bo˙ i} monocable [MECH ENG] An aerial ropeway that Morera’s stress functions MECH Three func- uses one rope to both support and haul a load. [ ] tions of position, , , and , in terms of which { ma¨nиo¯ ka¯иbəl} 1 2 3 the elements of the stress tensor of a body monochromatic emissivity [THERMO] The ratio of the energy radiated by a body in a very narrow may be expressed, if the body is in equilibrium and is not subjected to body forces; the elements band of wavelengths to the energy radiated by 2 of the stress tensor are given by 11 ϭϪ2Ѩ 1/ a blackbody in the same band at the same tem- Ѩ Ѩ ϭѨ2 Ѩ Ѩ ϩѨ2 Ѩ Ѩ perature. Also known as color emissivity. x2 x3, 23 2/ x1 x2 3/ x1 x3, and cyclic иəи ə и и иə и permutations of these equations. { mo˙ rerиəz { ma¨n kr mad ik e¯ mi siv d e¯ } əŋ и ə monochromatic temperature scale [THERMO] stres f k sh nz } A temperature scale based upon the amount of Morgan equation [THERMO] A modification of power radiated from a blackbody at a single the Ramsey-Shields equation, in which the ex- wavelength. { ma¨nиəиkrə madиik temиprəиchər pression for the molar surface energy is set equal skal} to a quadratic function of the temperature rather ¯ и ə и ə monolithic [CIV ENG] Pertaining to concrete than to a linear one. { mo˙ r g nikwa¯ zh n} construction which is cast in one jointless piece. morning glory spillway See shaft spillway. и ŋ и { ma¨nиə lithиik } { mo˙ rn i glo˙ r e¯ spil wa¯ } monophonic sound [ENG ACOUS] Sound pro- Morse taper reamer [DES ENG] A machine и ə duced by a system in which one or more micro- reamer with a taper shank. { mo˙ rs ta¯ p r phones feed a single transducing channel which re¯mиər} is coupled to one or more loudspeakers. mortise [ENG] A groove or slot in a timber for { ¦ma¨nиə¦fa¨nиik sau˙ nd } holding a tenon. { mo˙ rdиəs} monopulse radar [ENG] Radar in which direc- mortise and tenon [DES ENG] A type of joint, tional information is obtained with high preci- principally used for wood, in which a hole, slot, sion by using a receiving antenna system having or groove (mortise) in one member is fitted with two or more partially overlapping lobes in the a projection (tenon) from the second member. radiation patterns. { ma¨nиə pəls ra¯ da¨r} { mo˙ rdиəs ən tenиən} monorail [CIV ENG] A single rail used as a track; mortise lock [DES ENG] A lock designed to be usually elevated, with cars straddling or hanging installed in a mortise rather than on a door’s from it. { ma¨nиə ra¯l} surface. { mo˙ rdиəs la¨k} monostat [ENG] Fluid-filled, upside-down ma- mortising machine [MECH ENG] A machine em- nometer-type device used to control pressures ploying an auger and a chisel to produce a square within an enclosure, as for laboratory analytical or rectangular mortise in wood. { mo˙ rdиəиsiŋ distillation systems. { ma¨nиə stat } mə she¯n} monostatic radar [ENG] Conventional radar, in MOS-controlled thyristor [ELECTR] A type of which the transmitter and receiver are at the thyristor in which there is a very thin metal oxide same location and share the same antenna; semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit in the in contrast to bistatic radar. { ¦ma¨nиə¦stadиik top surface of the high-power thyristor compo- ra¯ da¨r } nents, so that only a small gate current is needed
362
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. moving-coil galvanometer
to turn the entire device off or on. Abbreviated motortruck [MECH ENG] An automotive vehicle MCT. { ¦em¦o¯ ¦es kən tro¯ ld thı¯ risиtər} which is used to transport freight. { mo¯ dи MOSFET See metal oxide semiconductor field- ər trək} effect transistor. { mo˙ s fet } motor vehicle [MECH ENG] Any automotive ve- MOST See metal oxide semiconductor field-effect hicle that does not run on rails, and generally transistor. having rubber tires. { mo¯ dиər ve¯иəиkəl} MOS transistor See metal oxide semiconductor mounce [MECH] A unit of mass, equal to 25 field-effect transistor. { ¦em¦o¯ es tran zisиtər} grams. Also known as metric ounce. mother [ENG ACOUS] A mold derived by electro- { mau˙ ns } forming from a master; used to produce the mount [ENG] 1. Structure supporting any appa- stampers from which disk records are molded in ratus, as a gun, searchlight, telescope, or survey- large quantities. Also known as metal positive. ing instrument. 2. To fasten an apparatus in { məthиər} position, such as a gun on its support. ə иə mother liquor See discharge liquor. { m th r { mau˙ nt } иə lik r} Mount Rose snow sampler [ENG] A particular motion [MECH] A continuous change of posi- pattern of snow sampler having an internal diam- и ə tion of a body. { mo¯ sh n} eter of 1.485 inches (3.7719 centimeters), so that motion analysis [IND ENG] Detailed study of each inch of water in the sample weighs 1 ounce the motions used in a work task or at a given (28.3495 grams). { mau˙ nt ro¯ z sno¯ samиplər} work area. { moиshən ə nalиəиsəs} ¯ mouse trap [ENG] A cylindrical fishing tool hav- motion cycle [IND ENG] The complete se- ing the open bottom end fitted with an inward quence of motions and activities required to opening valve. { mau˙ s trap } complete one work cycle. { mo¯ иshən sı¯иkəl} mouth [ENG ACOUS] The end of a horn that has motion economy [IND ENG] Simplification and the larger cross-sectional area. { mau˙ th } reduction of body motions to simplify and re- movable-active tooling [MECH ENG] Any equip- duce work content. { mo¯ иshəni ka¨nиəиme¯ } ment in a robotic system that is able to move and motion picture projector [ENG] An optical and that operates under power. { mu¨ иvəиbəl ¦akиtiv mechanical device capable of flashing pictures tu¨ lиiŋ } taken by a motion picture camera on a viewing screen at the same frequency the action was movable bridge [CIV ENG] A bridge in which ei- photographed, thus producing an image that ap- ther the horizontal or vertical alignment can be readily changed to permit the passage of traffic pears to move. { mo¯ иshən ¦pikиchərprə jekи tər} beneath it. Often called drawbridge (an anachro- nism). { mu¨ vиəиbəl brij } motions pathway [IND ENG] The locus of move- ment of an anatomical segment in moving from movable-passive tooling [MECH ENG] Equip- one point of the workplace to another; includes ment in a robotic system that moves but requires no power to operate, such as workpieces, clamps, the elemental increments in such motions as и əи ə и и ŋ reaching, changing position, examining, and and templates. { mu¨ v b l pas iv tu¨ l i } holding. { mo¯ иshənz path wa¯ } movable platen [ENG] The large platen at the motor ELEC A machine that converts electric back of an injection-molding machine to which [ ] и energy into mechanical energy by utilizing forces the back half of the mold is fastened. { mu¨ əи ə иə produced by magnetic fields on current-carrying v b l plat n} conductors. Also known as electric motor. movable-point crossing [CIV ENG] A small- { mo¯ dиər} angle rail crossing with two center frogs, each motorcycle [MECH ENG] An automotive vehi- of which consists essentially of a knuckle rail and cle, essentially a motorized bicycle, with two tan- two opposed movable center points. { mu¨ иvəи dem and sometimes three rubber wheels. bəl ¦po˙ int kro˙ sиiŋ } { mo¯ dиər sı¯иkəl} moving bed [CHEM ENG] Granulated solids in a motor element [ENG ACOUS] That portion of an process vessel that are circulated (moved) either electroacoustic receiver which receives energy mechanically or by gravity flow; used in catalytic from the electric system and converts it into and absorption processes. { mu¨ vиiŋ bed } mechanical energy. { mo¯ dиər elиəиmənt } moving-bed catalytic cracking [CHEM ENG] Pe- motor grader See autopatrol. { mo¯ dиər gra¯dиər} troleum refining process for cracking (breaking) motor meter [ENG] An integrating meter which of long hydrocarbon molecules by use of heat, has a rotor, one or more stators, a retarding pressure, and a granular cracking catalyst that is element which makes the speed of the rotor pro- continuously cycled between the reactor vessel portional to the quantity (such as power or cur- and the catalyst regenerator. { mu¨ vиiŋ ¦bed rent) whose integral over time is being meas- kadиəl idиik krakиiŋ } ured, and a register which counts the total num- moving-coil galvanometer [ENG] Any galva- ber of revolutions of the rotor. { mo¯ dиər nometer, such as the d’Arsonval galvanometer, me¯dиər} in which the current to be measured is sent motor reducer [MECH ENG] Speed-reduction through a coil suspended or pivoted in a fixed power transmission equipment in which the re- magnetic field, and the current is determined ducing gears are integral with drive motors. by measuring the resulting motion of the coil. { mo¯ dиərri du¨ иsər} { mu¨ vиiŋ ¦ko˙ il galиvə na¨mиədиər}
363
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. moving-coil loudspeaker
moving-coil loudspeaker See dynamic loud- MSI See magnetic source imaging. speaker. { mu¨ vиiŋ ¦ko˙ il lau˙ d spe¯kиər} M synchronization [ENG] A linking arrange- moving-coil microphone See dynamic microphone. ment between a camera lens and the flashbulb { mu¨ vиiŋ ¦ko˙ il mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} unit to allow a 15-millisecond delay of the shut- moving-coil voltmeter [ENG] A voltmeter in ter so that the bulb burns to its brightest point which the current, produced when the voltage before the shutter opens. { em siŋиkrəиnə to be measured is applied across a known resist- za¯иshən} ance, is sent through coils pivoted in the mag- MTTF See mean time to failure. netic field of permanent magnets, and the re- muck [CIV ENG] Rock or earth removed during sulting torque on the coils is balanced by control excavation. { mək} springs so that the deflection of a pointer mucking [ENG] Clearing and loading broken attached to the coils is proportional to the cur- rock and other excavated materials, as in tunnels rent. { mu¨ vиiŋ ¦ko˙ il vo¯ lt medиər} or mines. { məkиiŋ } moving-coil wattmeter See electrodynamic watt- mud See slime. { məd} и ŋ ¦ иə meter. { mu¨ v i ko˙ il wa¨t me¯d r} mud auger [DES ENG] A diamond-point bit with moving-conductor loudspeaker [ENG ACOUS] the wings of the point twisted in a shallow A loudspeaker in which the mechanical forces augerlike spiral. Also known as clay bit; dia- result from reactions between a steady magnetic mond-point bit; mud bit. { məd o˙ gиər} field and the magnetic field produced by current mud berth [CIV ENG] A berth where a vessel flow through a moving conductor. { mu¨ vиiŋ ə ə ¦ ə и ə иə rests on the bottom at low water. { m d k n d k t r lau˙ d spe¯k r} bərth } moving constraint MECH A constraint that [ ] mud bit See mud auger. { məd bit } changes with time, as in the case of a system mud blasting [ENG] The detonation of sticks of on a moving platform. { mu¨ vиiŋ kən strant } ¯ explosive stuck on the side of a boulder with a moving-iron meter ENG A meter that depends [ ] mud covering, so that little of the explosive en- on current in one or more fixed coils acting on ergy is used in breaking the boulder. { məd one or more pieces of soft iron, at least one of blastиiŋ } which is movable. { mu¨ vиiŋ ¦¯ıиərn me¯dиər} mud cake [ENG] A caked layer of clay adhering moving-iron voltmeter [ENG] A voltmeter in which a field coil is connected to the voltage to to the walls of a well or borehole, formed where be measured through a series resistor; current the water in the drilling mud filtered into a po- rous formation during rotary drilling. Also in the coil causes two vanes, one fixed and one ə attached to the shaft carrying the pointer, to be known as filter cake. { m d ka¯k} similarly magnetized; the resulting torque on the mudcap [ENG] A quantity of wet mud, wet shaft is balanced by control springs. { mu¨ vиiŋ earth, or sand used to cover a charge of dynamite ¦¯ıиərn vo¯ lt me¯dиər} or other high explosive fired in contact with the surface of a rock in mud blasting. { məd kap } moving load [MECH] A load that can move, ə such as vehicles or pedestrians. { mu¨ vиiŋ lo¯ d} mud pit See slushpit. { m d pit } moving-magnet voltmeter ENG A voltmeter in mudsill [CIV ENG] The lowest sill of a structure, [ ] ə which a permanent magnet aligns itself with the usually embedded in the earth. { m d sil } resultant magnetic field produced by the current mud still [ENG] An instrument used to separate in a field coil and another permanent control oil, water, and other volatile materials in a mud magnet. { mu¨ vиiŋ ¦magиnət vo¯ lt me¯dиər} sample by distillation, permitting determination moving sidewalk [CIV ENG] A sidewalk con- of the quantities of oil, water, and total solid ə structed on the principle of an endless belt, on contents in the original sample. { m d stil } which pedestrians are moved. { mu¨ vиiŋ mud sump [CHEM ENG] Upstream area in a sı¯d wo˙ k} process vessel where, because of a velocity drop, mp See mean effective pressure; melting point. entrained solids drop out and are collected in a MRI See magnetic resonance imaging. sump. { məd səmp } MRP See material requirements planning. mu factor [ELECTR] Ratio of the change in one MRTD See minimum resolvable temperature electrode voltage to the change in another elec- difference. trode voltage under the conditions that a speci- ms See millisecond. fied current remains unchanged and that all Ms See megasecond. other electrode voltages are maintained con- MSCFD [CHEM ENG] Abbreviation for thousand stant; a measure of the relative effect of the volt- standard cubic feet per day; usually refers to ages on two electrodes upon the current in the gas flow. circuit of any specified electrode. { myu¨ fakи MSCFH [CHEM ENG] Abbreviation for thou- tər} sand standard cubic feet per hour; usually refers muffle furnace [ENG] A furnace with an exter- to gas flow. nally heated chamber, the walls of which radi- MSCFM [CHEM ENG] Abbreviation for thou- antly heat the contents of the chamber. { məfи sand standard cubic feet per minute; usually əl fərиnəs} refers to gas flow. muffler [ENG] A device to deaden the noise pro- msec See millisecond. duced by escaping gases or vapors. { məfиlər} Msec See megasecond. mull [ENG] To mix thoroughly or grind. { məl}
364
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. multiple-purpose tester
muller [ENG] A foundry sand-mixing machine. multimeter See volt-ohm-milliammeter. { məlи { məlиər} tə me¯dиər or məl timиədиər} mulling [ENG] The combining of clay, water, and multiphase flow [CHEM ENG] Mixture of two or sand, prior to molding, by compressing with a more distinct phases (such as oil, water, and roller to ensure development of optimum sand gas) flowing through a closed conduit. { məlи properties by the adequate distribution of ingre- tə fa¯z flo¯ } dients. { məlиiŋ } multiple-activity process chart [IND ENG] A mullion [BUILD] A vertical bar separating two chart showing the coordinated synchronous or windows in a multiple window. { məlиyən } simultaneous activities of a work system com- multicellular horn [ENG ACOUS] A combination prising one or more machines or individuals; of individual horn loudspeakers having individ- separate, parallel columns indicate each ma- ual driver units or joined in groups to a common chine’s or person’s activities as related to the driver unit. Also known as cellular horn. other parts of the work system. { məlиtəиpəl { ¦məlиte¯ selиyəиlər ho˙ rn } ak¦tivиədиe¯ pra¨иsəs cha¨rt } multichannel field-effect transistor [ELECTR] A multiple-arch dam [CIV ENG] A dam composed field-effect transistor in which appropriate volt- of a series of arches inclined at about 45Њ and ages are applied to the gate to control the space carried on parallel buttresses or piers. { məlи within the current flow channels. { ¦məlи təиpəl ¦a¨rch dam } te¯ chanиəl fe¯ld i¦fekt tran zisиtər} multiple cartridges [CHEM ENG] Filter medium multichip microcircuit [ELECTR] Microcircuit in made up of two or more filter cartridges, either which discrete, miniature, active electronic ele- fastened end to end or arranged side by side (in ments (transistor or diode chips) and thin-film series or parallel flow respectively). { məlиtəи or diffused passive components or component pəl ka¨rиtrəиjəz} clusters are interconnected by thermocompres- multiple connector [ENG] A flow chart symbol sion bonds, alloying, soldering, welding, chemi- that indicates the merging of several flow lines cal deposition, or metallization. { məlиte¯ chip into one line or the dispersal of a flow line into mı¯иkro¯ sərиkət } several lines. { məlиtəиpəlkə nekиtər} multicomponent distillation [CHEM ENG] The multiple-effect evaporation [CHEM ENG] Series- distillation separation of a single liquid feed operation energy economizer system in which stream containing three or more components heat from the steam generated (evaporated liq- into a single overhead product and a single bot- uid) in the first stage is used to evaporate addi- toms product. { ¦məlиte¯иkəm¦po¯ иnənt distи tional liquid in the second stage (by reducing əl a¯иshən } system pressure), and so on, up to 10 or more multideck clarifiers [ENG] Extraction units effects; commonly used in the pulp and paper which remove pollutants from recycled plant industry. { məlиtəиpəli¦fekt i vapиə ra¯иshən} waste water. { məlиtə dek klarиə fı¯иərz } multiple-effect evaporator [CHEM ENG] An multifuel burner [ENG] A burner which utilizes evaporation system in which a series of evapora- more than one fuel simultaneously for combus- tor bodies are connected so that the vapors from tion. { məlиte¯ fyu¨ l bərиnər } one body act as a heat source for the next body. multifunction array radar [ENG] Electronic { ¦məlиtəиpəli¦fkt i vapиə ra¯dиər} scanning radar which will perform target detec- multiple-factor incentive plan [IND ENG] A tion and identification, tracking, discrimination, wage incentive plan based on productivity and and some interceptor missile tracking on a large other factors such as yield, material usage, and number of targets simultaneously and as a single reduction of scrap. { məlиtəиpəl ¦fakиtərin senи unit. { ¦məlиtə fəŋkиshən ə ra¯ ra¯ da¨r } tiv plan } multifuse igniter [ENG] A black powder car- multiple firing [ENG] Electrically firing with de- tridge that allows several fuses to be fired at lay blasting caps in a number of holes at one the same time by lighting a single fuse. { məlи time. { məlиtəиpəl fı¯rиiŋ } tə fyu¨ zig nı¯dиər} multiple-function chip See large-scale integrated multilayer bit [DES ENG] A bit set with dia- circuit. { məlиtəиpəl ¦fəŋkиshən chip } monds arranged in successive layers beneath the multiple-loop system [CONT SYS] A system surface of the crown. { ¦məlиte¯ la¯иər bit } whose block diagram has at least two closed multilayer board [ELECTR] A printed wiring paths, along each of which all arrows point in board that contains circuitry on internal layers the same direction. { məlиtəиpəl ¦lu¨ p sisиtəm} throughout the cross section of the board as well multiple midstop [MECH ENG] A peripheral de- as on the external layers. { məlиte¯ la¯иər bo˙ rd } vice that allows a pick-and-place robot to swing multilevel control theory [CONT SYS] An ap- and stop in several positions. { məlиtəиpəl proach to the control of large-scale systems mid sta¨p} based on decomposition of the complex overall multiple piece rate plan [IND ENG] A wage in- control problem into simpler and more easily centive plan wherein increasingly higher unit pay managed subproblems, and coordination of the rates are given to the worker as his productivity subproblems so that overall system objectives increases. { məlиtəиpəl pe¯s ra¯t plan } and constraints are satisfied. { ¦məlиtə levиəl multiple-purpose tester See volt-ohm-milliamme- kən tro¯ l the¯иəиre¯ } ter. { məlиtəиpəl ¦pərиpəs tesиtər}
365
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. multiple-row blasting
multiple-row blasting [ENG] The drilling, charg- Also known as multiport reflectometer. { məlи ing, and firing of rows of vertical boreholes. tə po˙ rt ¦net wərk anиə lı¯zиər} { məlиtəиpəl ¦ro¯ blastиiŋ } multiport reflectometer See multiport network ana- multiple sampling [IND ENG] A plan for quality lyzer. { məlиtə po˙ rt re¯ flek ta¨mиədиər} control in which a given number of samples from multirole programmable device [CONT SYS] A a group are inspected, and the group is either device that contains a programmable memory to accepted, resampled, or rejected, depending on store data on positioning robots and sequencing the number of failures found in the samples. their motion. { məlиtə ro¯ l pro¯ ¦gramиəиbəl { məlиtəиpəl samиpliŋ } di vı¯s} multiple series [ENG] A method of wiring a multirope friction winder [MECH ENG] A wind- large group of blasting charges by connecting ing system in which the drive to the winding small groups in series and connecting these ropes is the frictional resistance between the ə и ə series in parallel. Also known as parallel series. ropes and the driving sheaves. { m l t ro¯ p и ə и ə { məlиtəиpəl sirиe¯z} frik sh n wı¯n d r} multistage [ENG] Functioning or occurring in multiple shooting [ENG] The firing of an entire ə и face at one time by means of connecting shot separate steps. { m l te¯ sta¯j} holes in a single series and shooting all holes multistage compressor [MECH ENG] A ma- at the same instant. { məlиtəиpəl shu¨ dиiŋ } chine for compressing a gaseous fluid in a se- quence of stages, with or without intercooling multiple-slide press [MECH ENG] A press with between stages. { məlиte¯ sta¯jkəm presиər} individual adjustable slides built into the main multistage pump [MECH ENG] A pump in which slide or connected independently to the main the head is developed by multiple impellers shaft. { məlиtəиpəl ¦slıd pres } ¯ operating in series. { məlиte¯ sta¯j pəmp } multiple-strand conveyor MECH ENG A con- [ ] multistage queuing [IND ENG] A situation in- veyor with two or more spaced strands of chain, volving two or more sequential stages in a proc- belts, or cords as the supporting or propelling ə и əи ə ¦ ə иə ess, each of which involves waiting in line. medium. { m l t p l strand k n va¯ r} { məlиte¯ sta¯j kyu¨ иiŋ } multiplex [ENG] Stereoscopic device to project multistatic radar [ENG] Radar in which succes- aerial photographs onto surfaces so that the im- sive antenna lobes are sequentially engaged to ages may be viewed in three dimensions by using provide a tracking capability without physical anaglyphic spectacles; used to prepare topo- movement of the antenna. { məlиte¯ stadиik graphic maps. { məlиtə pleks } ra¯ da¨r} multiplexer [ELECTR] A device for combining multitrack recording system [ENG] Recording two or more signals, as for multiplex, or for creat- system which provides two or more recording ing the composite color video signal from its paths on a medium, which may carry either re- components in color television. Also spelled lated or unrelated recordings in common time multiplexor. { məlиtə plekиsər} relationship. { ¦məlиte¯ trak ri ko˙ rdиiŋ sisиtəm} multiplexor See multiplexer. { məlиtə plekиsər} multivariable system [CONT SYS] A dynamical multiple x-y recorder [ENG] Recorder that plots system in which the number of either inputs or a number of independent charts simultaneously, outputs is greater than 1. { ¦məlиte¯ verиe¯иəиbəl each showing the relation of two variables, sisиtəm} neither of which is time. { məlиtəиpəl ¦eks wı¯ municipal engineering [CIV ENG] Branch of en- ri ko˙ rdиər} gineering dealing with the form and functions of иəи ə и ə и ŋ multiplication [ELECTR] An increase in current urban areas. { myu¨ nis p l en j nir i } ə иə flow through a semiconductor because of in- muntin See sash bar. { m nt n} creased carrier activity. { məlиtəиpli ka¯иshən} Murphree efficiency [CHEM ENG] In a plate- multiplier [ELEC] A resistor used in series with distillation column, the ratio of the actual a voltmeter to increase the voltage range. Also change in vapor composition when the vapor passes through the liquid on a tray (plate) to known as multiplier resistor. [ELECTR] 1. A the composition change of the vapor if it were device that has two or more inputs and an output in vapor-liquid equilibrium with the tray liquid. that is a representation of the product of the { mərиfre¯ i fishиənиse¯ } quantities represented by the input signals;vol- Muskhelishvili’s method [MECH] A method of tages are the quantities commonly multiplied. solving problems concerning the elastic defor- 2. See electron multiplier; frequency multiplier. mation of a planar body that involves using ə и ə иə { m l t plı¯ r} methods from the theory of functions of a com- multiport burner [ENG] A burner having several plex variable to calculate analytic functions nozzles which discharge fuel and air. { məlи which determine the plane strain of the body. tə po˙ rt bərиnər} {mə skelиish vilиe¯z methиəd} multiport network analyzer [ENG] A linear, pas- mW See milliwatt. sive microwave network having five or more ports MW See megawatt. which is used for measuring power and the com- myotome [ENG] An instrument used to divide plex reflection coefficient in a microwave circuit. a muscle. { mı¯иə to¯ m}
366
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. N
N See newton. bottle; reversing water bottle. { nanиsən nail [DES ENG] A slender, usually pointed fas- ba¨dиəl} tener with a head, designed for insertion by im- narrow-band pyrometer [ENG] A pyrometer in pact. [ENG] To drive nails in a manner that which light from a source passes through a color will position and hold two or more members, filter, which passes only a limited band of wave- usually of wood, in a desired relationship. lengths, before falling on a photoelectric detec- {na¯l} tor. Also known as spectral pyrometer. { narи nail coat See devil float. { na¯l ko¯ t} o¯ ¦band pı¯ ra¨mиədиər} nailer [ENG] A wood strip or block which serves narrow gage [CIV ENG] A railway gage narrower 1 as a backing into which nails can be driven. than the standard gage of 4 feet 8 /2 inches { na¯lиər} (143.51 centimeters). { narиo¯ ¦ga¯j} nailhead [DES ENG] Flat protuberance at the natural convection [THERMO] Convection in end of a nail opposite the point. { na¯l hed } which fluid motion results entirely from the pres- nail set [DES ENG] A small cylindrical steel tool, ence of a hot body in the fluid, causing tempera- usually tapered at one end, that is used to drive ture and hence density gradients to develop, so a nail or a brad below or flush with a wood that the fluid moves under the influence of grav- surface. Also known as punch. { na¯l set } ity. Also known as free convection. { nachиrəl NAND circuit [ELECTR] A logic circuit whose kən vekиshən} output signal is a logical 1 if any of its inputs is natural-draft cooling tower [MECH ENG] A cool- a logical 0, and whose output signal is a logical 0 ing tower that depends upon natural convection if all of its inputs are logical 1. { nand sərиkət} of air flowing upward and in contact with the nanoelectronics [ELECTR] The technology of water to be cooled. { nachиrəl ¦draft ku¨ lиiŋ electronic devices whose dimensions range from tau˙ иər} atoms up to 100 nanometers. { nanиo¯ иi lek natural-gasoline plant [CHEM ENG] Compres- tra¨nиiks } sion, distillation, and absorption process facility Ϫ nanogram [MECH] One-billionth (10 9) of a used to remove natural gasoline (mostly butanes gram. Abbreviated ng. { nanиə gram } and heavier components) from natural gas. nanometer [MECH] A unit of length equal to { nachиrəl gasиə le¯n plant } Ϫ one-billionth of a meter, or 10 9 meter. Also nautical chain [MECH] A unit of length equal to known as millimicron (m); nanon. { nanи 15 feet or 4.572 meters. { no˙ dиəиkəl cha¯n} ə me¯dиər} naval architecture [ENG] The study of the phys- nanon See nanometer. { na na¨n } ical characteristics and the design and construc- nanosecond [MECH] A unit of time equal to tion of buoyant structures, such as ships, boats, one-billionth of a second, or 10Ϫ9 second. barges, submarines, and floats, which operate in { nanиə sekиənd } water; includes the construction and operation nanotechnology [ENG] 1. Systems for trans- of the power plant and other mechanical equip- forming matter, energy, and information that are ment of these structures. { na¯иvəl a¨rиkə tekи based on nanometer-scale components with pre- chər} cisely defined molecular features. 2. Tech- Navier’s equation [MECH] A vector partial dif- niques that produce or measure features less ferential equation for the displacement vector of than 100 nanometers in size. { ¦nanиo¯ иtek na¨lи an elastic solid in equilibrium and subjected to əиje¯ } a body force. { na¨ vya¯zi kwa¯иzhən} Nansen bottle [ENG] A bottlelike water-sam- navigation [ENG] The process of directing the pling device with valves at both ends that is movement of a craft so that it will reach its in- lowered into the water by wire; at the desired tended destination; subprocesses are position depth it is activated by a messenger which strikes fixing, dead reckoning, pilotage, and homing. the reversing mechanism and inverts the bottle, { navиə ga¯иshən} closing the valves and trapping the water sample navigation dam [CIV ENG] A structure designed inside. Also known as Petterson-Nansen water to raise the level of a stream to increase the
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. n-body problem
depth for navigation purposes. { navиə ga¯и used in hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric shən dam } systems. { ne¯dиəl valv } n-body problem See many-body problem. { en needle weir [CIV ENG] A type of frame weir in ¦badиe¯ pra¨bиləm} which the wooden barrier is constructed of verti- n-channel [ELECTR] A conduction channel cal square-section timbers placed side by side formed by electrons in an n-type semiconductor, against the iron frames. { ne¯dиəl wer } as in an n-type field-effect transistor. { en needling [CIV ENG] Underpinning the upper chanиəl} part of a building with horizontally placed timber n-channel metal-oxide semiconductor See NMOS. or steel beams. { ne¯dиəlиiŋ } { ¦en chanиəl medиəl ¦a¨k sı¯d semиiиkən dəkиtər} negative acceleration [MECH] Acceleration in a neat line [CIV ENG] The line defining the limits direction opposite to the velocity, or in the direc- of an aspect of construction, such as an excava- tion of the negative axis of a coordinate system. иə и иə и ə tion or a wall. Also known as net line. { ne¯t { neg d ivik sel ra¯ sh n} lı¯n} negative charge [ELEC] The type of charge neck [ENG] The part of a furnace where the which is possessed by electrons in ordinary mat- flame is contracted before reaching the stack. ter, and which may be produced in a resin object by rubbing with wool. Also known as negative { nek } иə и neck-in [ENG] When coating by extrusion, the electricity. { neg d iv cha¨rj } width difference between the extruded web leav- negative easement [CIV ENG] An easement that ing the die and that of the coating on the sur- can be exercised to prevent the owner of a piece face. { nek in } of land from using it in certain ways that he or she would otherwise be entitled to. { negиədи needle [DES ENG] 1. A device made of steel и ə pointed at one end with a hole at the other; used iv e¯z m nt } negative electrode See cathode; negative plate. for sewing. 2. A device made of steel with a { negиədиivi lek tro¯ d} hook at one end; used for knitting. [ENG] negative feedback [CONT SYS] Feedback in 1. A piece of copper or brass about 1/2 inch (13 which a portion of the output of a circuit, device, millimeters) in diameter and 3 or 4 feet (90 or or machine is fed back 180Њ out of phase with 120 centimeters) long, pointed at one end, thrust the input signal, resulting in a decrease of ampli- into a charge of blasting powder in a borehole fication so as to stabilize the amplification with and then withdrawn, leaving a hole for the prim- respect to time or frequency, and a reduction in ing, fuse, or squib. Also known as pricker. distortion and noise. Also known as inverse 2. A thin pointed indicator on an instrument dial. иə feedback; reverse feedback; stabilized feedback. [ENG ACOUS] See stylus. { ne¯d l} { negиədиiv fe¯d bak } needle beam CIV ENG A temporary member [ ] negative g [MECH] In designating the direction thrust under a building or a foundation for use иə of acceleration on a body, the opposite of posi- in underpinning. { ne¯d l be¯m} tive g; for example, the effect of flying an outside needle bearing [DES ENG] A roller-type bearing loop in the upright seated position. { negиədи with long rollers of small diameter; the rollers iv je¯ } are retained in a flanged cup, have no retainer, negative potential ELEC An electrostatic po- иə и ŋ [ ] and bear directly on the shaft. { ne¯d l ber i } tential which is lower than that of the ground, needle blow [ENG] A blow-molding technique or of some conductor or point in space that is in which air is injected into the plastic article arbitrarily assigned to have zero potential. through a hollow needle inserted in the parison. { negиədиivp ə tenиchəl} иə { ne¯d l blo¯ } negative rake [MECH ENG] The orientation of a needle dam [CIV ENG] A barrier made of hori- cutting tool whose cutting edge lags the surface zontal bars across a pass through a dam or of of the tooth face. { negиədиiv ra¯k} planks that can be removed in case of flooding. negative temperature [THERMO] The property { ne¯dиəl dam } of a thermally isolated thermodynamic system needle file [DES ENG] A small file with an ex- whose elements are in thermodynamic equilib- tended tang that serves as a needle. { ne¯dи rium among themselves, whose allowed states əl fı¯l} have an upper limit on their possible energies, needle nozzle [MECH ENG] A streamlined hy- and whose high-energy states are more occupied draulic turbine nozzle with a movable element than the low-energy ones. { negиədиiv temи for converting the pressure and kinetic energy in prəиchər} the pipe leading from the reservoir to the turbine negative terminal [ELEC] The terminal of a bat- into a smooth jet of variable diameter and dis- tery or other voltage source that has more elec- charge but practically constant velocity. { ne¯dи trons than normal; electrons flow from the nega- əl na¨zиəl} tive terminal through the external circuit to the needle tubing [ENG] Stainless steel tubing with positive terminal. { negиədиiv tərиmənиəl} outside diameters from 0.014 to 0.203 inch (0.36 negative work [IND ENG] Work that is per- to 5.16 millimeters); used for surgical instru- formed with the assistance of gravity so that the ments and radon implanters. { ne¯dиəl tu¨ bиiŋ } muscular effort required involves only control of needle valve [MECH ENG] A slender, pointed the load. { negиədиiv wərk } rod fitting in a hole or circular or conoidal seat; negotiated contract [IND ENG] A purchase or
368
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. neuristor
sales agreement made by a United States gov- arranged so as to provide a check on the consis- ernment agency without normally employing tency of the measured values. Also known as techniques required by formal advertising. network. { net } {nə go¯ иshe¯ a¯dиəd ka¨n trakt } NETD See noise equivalent temperature difference. Nelson diaphragm cell [CHEM ENG] Obsolete net floor area [BUILD] Gross floor area of a carbon-electrode type of electrolytic diaphragm building, excluding the area occupied by walls cell once widely used to produce chlorine and and partitions, the circulation area (where peo- caustic soda from brine. { nelиsən dı¯иə fram ple walk), and the mechanical area (where there sel } is mechanical equipment). { net flo˙ r erиe¯иə } neohexane alkylation [CHEM ENG] A noncata- net flow area [DES ENG] The calculated net area lytic petroleum-refinery alkylation process that which determines the flow after the complete forms neohexane from a feed of ethylene and bursting of a rupture disk. { net flo¯ erиe¯иə } ¦ и и ə и ə isobutane. { ne¯ o¯ hek sa¯n al k la¯ sh n} net heating value See low heat value. { net he¯dи nepheloscope [ENG] An instrument for the iŋ valиyu¨ } production of clouds in the laboratory by con- net line See neat line. { net lı¯n} иəи densation or expansion of moist air. { nef net load capacity ENG The weight of a mate- ə [ ] l sko¯ p} rial that can be handled, without failure, by a nephometer [ENG] A general term for instru- machine or process plus the weight of the con- ments designed to measure the amount of tainer or device. { ¦net lo¯ dkə pasиədиe¯ } cloudiness; an early type consists of a convex net positive suction head [MECH ENG] The hemispherical mirror mapped into six parts; the minimum suction head required for a pump to amount of cloud coverage on the mirror is noted иə иə operate; depends on liquid characteristics, total by the observer. { ne fa¨m d r} liquid head, pump speed and capacity, and im- nephoscope ENG An instrument for de- [ ] peller design. Abbreviated NPSH. { net pa¨zи termining the direction of cloud motion. ədиiv ¦səkиshən hed } { nefиə sko¯ p} net radiometer [ENG] A Moll thermopile modi- Nernst approximation formula [THERMO] An fied so that both sides are sensitive to radiation equation for the equilibrium constant of a gas and the resulting electromotive force is propor- reaction based on the Nernst heat theorem and certain simplifying assumptions. { nernst tional to the difference in intensities of radiation incident on the two sides; used to measure the ə pra¨kиsə ma¯иshən fo˙ rиmyəиlə } difference in intensity between radiation enter- Nernst heat theorem [THERMO] The theorem ¦ и expressing that the rate of change of free energy ing and leaving the earth’s surface. { net ra¯d e¯ a¨mиədиər} of a homogeneous system with temperature, and ə also the rate of change of enthalpy with tempera- net ton See ton. { net t n} ture, approaches zero as the temperature ap- network [ELEC] A collection of electric ele- proaches absolute zero. { nernst he¯t thirи ments, such as resistors, coils, capacitors, and əm} sources of energy, connected together to form Nernst-Lindemann calorimeter ENG A calo- several interrelated circuits. Also known as [ ] ə rimeter for measuring specific heats at low tem- electric network. See net. { net w rk } peratures, in which the heat reservoir consists network analysis [ELEC] Derivation of the elec- of a metal of high thermal conductivity such as trical properties of a network, from its configura- copper, to promote rapid temperature equaliza- tion, element values, and driving forces. [IND tion; none of the material under study is more ENG] An analytic technique used during project than a few millimeters from a metal surface, and planning to determine the sequence of activities the whole apparatus is placed in an evacuated and their interrelationship within the network of vessel and heated by current through a platinum activities that will be required by the project. heating coil. { nernst linиdəиmən kalиə rimи Also known as network planning. { net wərk ədиər} ə nalиəиsəs} Nernst-Simon statement of the third law of ther- Neugebauer effect [ELEC] A small change in modynamics [THERMO] The statement that the polarization of an optically isotropic medium the change in entropy which occurs when a in an external electric field, related to the elec- homogeneous system undergoes an isothermal trooptical Kerr effect. { no˙ iиgə bau˙ иəri fekt } reversible process approaches zero as the tem- Neumann-Kopp rule [THERMO] The rule that perature approaches absolute zero. { nernst the heat capacity of 1 mole of a solid substance sı¯иmən sta¯tиmənt əvth ə thərd lo˙ əv thərиmo¯ и is approximately equal to the sum over the ele- dı¯ namиiks } ments forming the substance of the heat capacity nesting [IND ENG] A production technique in of a gram atom of the element times the number which parts with similar patterns are manufac- of atoms of the element in a molecule of the tured together. { nestиiŋ } substance. { no˙ i ma¨n ko˙ p ru¨ l} net [ENG] 1. Threads or cords tied together at neuristor [ELECTR] A device that behaves like a regular intervals to form a mesh. 2. A series nerve fiber in having attenuationless propaga- of surveying or leveling stations that have been tion of signals; one goal of research is develop- interconnected in such a manner that closed ment of a complete artificial nerve cell, con- loops or circuits have been formed, or that are taining many neuristors, that could duplicate
369
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. neuromorphic engineering
the function of the human eye and brain in recog- fluid-content properties down a wellhole by neu- nizing characters and other visual images. tron bombardment and detection of resultant {nu˙ risиtər} radiation (neutrons or gamma rays). Also neuromorphic engineering [ENG] Use of the known as neutron logging. { nu¨ tra¨n ¦wel functional principles of biological nervous sys- la¨gиiŋ } tems to inspire the design and fabrication of newel post [CIV ENG] 1. A pillar at the end of artificial nervous systems, such as vision chips an oblique retaining wall of a bridge. 2. The and roving robots. { ¦nu˙ иro¯ mo˙ rиfik enиjə nirи post about which a circular staircase winds. iŋ } 3. A large post at the foot of a straight stairway neuronal interface [ENG] An artificial synapse or on a landing. { nu¨ иəl po¯ st } capable of reversible chemical-to-electrical newton [MECH] The unit of force in the meter- transduction processes between neural tissue kilogram-second system, equal to the force and conventional solid-state electronic devices which will impart an acceleration of 1 meter per for applications such as aural, visual, and me- second squared to the International Prototype chanical prostheses, as well as expanding human Kilogram mass. Symbolized N. Formerly known иə memory and intelligence. { nu˙ ¦ro¯ nиəl inи as large dyne. { nu¨ t n} tər fa¯s} Newtonian attraction [MECH] The mutual at- neurotechnology [ENG] The application of mi- traction of any two particles in the universe, as given by Newton’s law of gravitation. { nu¨ to¯ и crofabricated devices to achieve direct contact иə ə и ə with the electrically active cells of the nervous ne¯ n trak sh n} Newtonian mechanics MECH The system of system (neurons). { nu˙ иro¯ иtek na¨lиəиje¯ } [ ] mechanics based upon Newton’s laws of motion neutral [ELEC] Referring to the absence of a net in which mass and energy are considered as sep- electric charge. [MECH ENG] That setting in arate, conservative, mechanical properties, in an automotive transmission in which all the contrast to their treatment in relativistic me- gears are disengaged and the output shaft is chanics. { nu¨ to¯ иne¯иənmi kanиiks } disconnected from the drive wheels. { nu¨ иtrəl} Newtonian reference frame [MECH] One of a neutral atmosphere ENG An atmosphere [ ] set of reference frames with constant relative which neither oxidizes nor reduces immersed velocity and within which Newton’s laws hold; ¨ и ə и ə materials. { nu tr l at m sfir } the frames have a common time, and coordi- neutral axis [MECH] In a beam bent downward, nates are related by the Galilean transformation the line of zero stress below which all fibers are rule. { nu¨ to¯ иne¯иən refиrəns fra¯m} in tension and above which they are in compres- и ə и ə Newtonian velocity [MECH] The velocity of an sion. { nu¨ tr l ak s s} object in a Newtonian reference frame, S, which neutral fiber [MECH] A line of zero stress in can be determined from the velocity of the object cross section of a bent beam, separating the in any other such frame, SЈ, by taking the vector region of compressive stress from that of tensile Ј и ə и ə sum of the velocity of the object in S and the stress. { nu¨ tr l fı¯ b r} Ј ¨ и и velocity of the frame S relative to S.{nu to¯ neutrally buoyant float See swallow float. { nu¨ neиənvə la¨sиədиe } əи ¦ иə ¯ ¯ tr le¯ bo˙ i nt flo¯ t} newton-meter of energy See joule. { nu¨ tиən neutral stability [CONT SYS] Condition in which ¦me¯dиər əv enиərиje¯ } the natural motion of a system neither grows newton-meter of torque [MECH] The unit of nor decays, but remains at its initial amplitude. torque in the meter-kilogram-second system, и ə ə иə и { nu¨ tr lst bil d e¯ } equal to the torque produced by 1 newton of neutral surface [MECH] A surface in a bent force acting at a perpendicular distance of 1 me- beam along which material is neither com- ter from an axis of rotation. Abbreviated N-m. и ə ə и ə pressed nor extended. { nu¨ tr l s r f s} { nu¨ tиən me¯dиər əv to˙ rk } neutron-gamma well logging [ENG] Neutron Newton’s equations of motion [MECH] New- well logging in which the varying intensity of ton’s laws of motion expressed in the form of gamma rays produced artificially by neutron mathematical equations. { nu¨ tиənz i kwa¯и bombardment is recorded. { nu¨ tra¨n ¦gamиə zhənz əv mo¯ иshən} wel la¨gиiŋ } Newton’s first law [MECH] The law that a parti- neutron logging See neutron well logging. { nu¨ cle not subjected to external forces remains at tra¨n la¨gиiŋ } rest or moves with constant speed in a straight neutron shield [ENG] A shield that protects per- line. Also known as first law of motion; Gali- sonnel from neutron irradiation. { nu¨ tra¨n leo’s law of inertia. { nu¨ tиənz fərst lo˙ } she¯ld } Newton’s law of cooling [THERMO] The law that neutron soil-moisture meter [ENG] An instru- the rate of heat flow out of an object by both ment for measuring the water content of soil and natural convection and radiation is proportional rocks as indicated by the scattering and absorp- to the temperature difference between the object tion of neutrons emitted from a source, and re- and its environment, and to the surface area of sulting gamma radiation received by a detector, the object. { nu¨ tиənz lo˙ əv ku¨ lиiŋ } in a probe lowered into an access hole. { nu¨ Newton’s law of gravitation [MECH] The law tra¨n so˙ il mo˙ isиchər me¯dиər} that every two particles of matter in the universe neutron well logging [ENG] Study of formation attract each other with a force that acts along
370
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. noise
the line joining them, and has a magnitude pro- by counting the number of flashes of the center portional to the product of their masses and light during an interval of time; direction, indi- inversely proportional to the square of the dis- cated by the position of illuminated outer bulbs, tance between them. Also known as law of is given to points of the compass. { nı¯n ¦lı¯t inи gravitation. { nu¨ tиənz lo˙ əv gravиə ta¯иshən} də ka¯dиər} Newton’s laws of motion [MECH] Three funda- Nipher shield [ENG] A conically shaped, cop- mental principles (called Newton’s first, second, per, rain-gage shield; used to prevent the forma- and third laws) which form the basis of classical, tion of vertical wind eddies in the vicinity of the or Newtonian, mechanics, and have proved valid mouth of the gage, thereby making the rainfall for all mechanical problems not involving speeds catch a representative one. { nı¯иfər she¯ld } comparable with the speed of light and not in- nippers [DES ENG] Small pincers or pliers for volving atomic or subatomic particles. { nu¨ tи cutting or gripping. { nipиərz } ənz lo˙ z əv mo¯ иshən} nipple [DES ENG] A short piece of tubing, usu- Newton’s second law [MECH] The law that the ally with an internal or external thread at each acceleration of a particle is directly proportional end, used to couple pipes. Also known as bush- to the resultant external force acting on the parti- ing. { nipиəl} cle and is inversely proportional to the mass nipple chaser [ENG] A member of a drilling of the particle. Also known as second law of crew who procures and delivers the tools and motion. { nu¨ tиənz sekиənd lo˙ } equipment necessary for an operation. { nipи Newton’s third law [MECH] The law that, if two əl cha¯иsər} particles interact, the force exerted by the first nitrogen fixation [CHEM ENG] Conversion of particle on the second particle (called the action atmospheric nitrogen into compounds such as force) is equal in magnitude and opposite in ammonia, calcium cyanamide, or nitrogen ox- direction to the force exerted by the second parti- ides by chemical or electric-arc processes. { nı¯и cle on the first particle (called the reaction force). trəиjən fik¦sa¯иshən} Also known as law of action and reaction; third NLGI number [ENG] One of a series of numbers law of motion. { nu¨ tиənz thərd lo˙ } developed by the National Lubricating Grease ng See nanogram. Institute and used to classify the consistency nib [ENG] A small projecting point. { nib } range of lubricating greases; NLGI numbers are nibbling [MECH ENG] Contour cutting of mate- based on the American Society for Testing and rial by the action of a reciprocating punch that Materials cone penetration number. { ¦en¦el¦je¯ ¯ı takes repeated small bites as the work is passed nəmиbər} beneath it. { nibиliŋ } N-m See newton-meter of torque. Nichol’s chart [CONT SYS] A plot of curves NMOS [ELECTR] Metal-oxide semiconductors along which the magnitude M or argument ␣ of that are made on p-type substrates, and whose the frequency control ratio is constant on a graph active carriers are electrons that migrate be- whose ordinate is the logarithm of the magni- tween n-type source and drain contacts. Derived tude of the open-loop transfer function, and from n-channel metal-oxide semiconductor. whose abscissa is the open-loop phase angle. { en mo˙ s} { nikиəlz cha¨rt } nn junction [ELECTR] In a semiconductor, a re- Nicholson’s hydrometer [ENG] A modification gion of transition between two regions having of Fahrenheit’s hydrometer in which the lower different properties in n-type semiconducting end of the instrument carries a scale pan to per- material. { ¦en¦en jənkиshən} mit the determination of the relative density of no-bottom sounding [ENG] A sounding in the a solid. { nikиəlиsənz hı¯ dra¨mиədиər } ocean in which the bottom is not reached. { no¯ Nichols radiometer [ENG] An instrument, used ba¨dиəm sau˙ ndиiŋ } to measure the pressure exerted by a beam of node [ELEC] See branch point. [ELECTR] A light, in which there are two small, silvered glass junction point within a network. [IND EN- mirrors at the ends of a light rod that is sus- G] On a graphic presentation of a project, a sym- pended at the center from a fine quartz fiber bol placed at the intersection of arrows that rep- within an evacuated enclosure. { nikиəlz ra¯dи resent activities to identify the completion or e¯ a¨mиədиər} start of an activity. { no¯ d} nigre [CHEM ENG] Dark-colored layer formed nodulizing [ENG] Creation of spherical lumps between neat soap and lye during soap manufac- from powders by working them together, coalesc- ture; contains more soap than lye, and a high ing them with binders, drying fluid-solid mix- concentration of salts and colored impurities. tures, heating, or chemical reaction. { na¨jи { nı¯иgər} ə lı¯zиiŋ } nine-light indicator [ENG] A remote indicator no-go gage [ENG] A limit gage designed not to for wind speed and direction used in conjunction fit a part being tested; usually employed with a with a contact anemometer and a wind vane; the go gage to set the acceptable maximum and indicator consists of a center light, connected to minimum dimension limits of the part. { no¯ the contact anemometer, surrounded by eight go¯ ga¯j} equally spaced lights which are individually con- noise [ELEC] Interfering and unwanted currents nected to a set of similarly spaced electrical con- or voltages in an electrical device or system. tacts on the wind vane; wind speed is determined { no˙ iz }
371
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. noise-canceling microphone
noise-canceling microphone See close-talking mi- noncoring bit [ENG] A general type of bit made crophone. { no˙ iz ¦kansиliŋ mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} in many shapes which does not produce a core noise equivalent temperature difference [THER- and with which all the rock cut in a borehole MO] The change in equivalent blackbody tem- is ejected as sludge; used mostly for blasthole perature that corresponds to a change in radi- drilling and in the unmineralized zones in a bore- ance which will produce a signal-to-noise ratio hole where a core sample is not wanted. Also of 1 in an infrared imaging device. Abbreviated known as borehole bit; plug bit. { na¨n ko˙ rиiŋ NETD. { no˙ iz i¦kwivиəиlənt temиprəиchər difи bit } rəns } noncyclic element [IND ENG] An element of an noise radial [ENG] The brightening of all range operation or process that does not occur in every points on a particular plan position indicator cycle but has a frequency of occurrence that is bearing on a radar screen caused by noise recep- specified by the method. { ¦na¨n sı¯иklik elиəи tion from the indicated direction. { no˙ iz ra¯dи mənt } иə e¯ l} nondestructive evaluation [IND ENG] A tech- noise reduction [ENG ACOUS] A process nique for probing and sensing material structure whereby the average transmission of the sound and properties without causing damage (as op- track of a motion picture print, averaged across posed to revealing flaws and defects). { na¨nи the track, is decreased for signals of low level; di strəkиtivi valиyə wa¯иshən} since background noise introduced by the sound nondestructive testing [ENG] A technique for track is less at low transmission, this process revealing flaws and defects in a material or de- reduces noise during soft passages. { no˙ iz ə и ə vice without damaging or destroying the test ri d k sh n} sample; includes use of x-rays, ultrasonics, radi- noise-type flowmeter ENG A flowmeter that [ ] ography, and magnetic flux. { ¦na¨nиdi strəkиdiv measures the noise generated in a selected fre- testиiŋ } quency band. { no˙ iz ¦tı¯p flo¯ me¯dиər} nondissipative muffler See reactive muffler. no-load current [ELEC] The current which flows { ¦na¨n disиə pa¯dиiv məfиlər} in a network when the output is open-circuited. nondurable goods [ENG] Products that are ser- { no¯ ¦lo¯ d kəиrənt } viceable for a comparatively short time or are no-load loss [ELEC] The power loss of a device that is operated at rated voltage and frequency consumed or destroyed in a single usage. { na¨n¦durиəиbəl gudz } but is not supplying power to a load. { no¯ ˙ ˙ nonequilibrium thermodynamics THERMO A ¦lo¯ d lo˙ s} [ ] quantitative treatment of irreversible processes no-load voltage See open-circuit voltage. { no¯ ¦lo¯ d vo¯ lиtij } and of rates at which they occur. Also known as irreversible thermodynamics. { ¦na¨n e¯и nominal bandwidth [ENG] The difference be- ə и иə ə и и и tween the nominal upper and lower cutoff fre- kw lib re¯ m th r mo¯ dı¯ nam iks } quencies of an acoustic or electric filter. { na¨mи nonexpendable [ENG] Pertaining to a supply əиnəl band width } item or piece of equipment that is not consumed, nominal pass-band center frequency [ENG] and does not lose its identity, in use, as a The geometric mean of the nominal upper and weapon, vehicle, machine, tool, piece of furni- ¦ и и əи ə lower cutoff frequencies of an acoustic or electric ture, or instrument. { na¨n ik spen d b l} filter. { na¨mиəиnəl pas band ¦senиtər fre¯и nonfeasible method See goal coordination ¦ и əи ə иə kwənиse¯ } method. { na¨n fe¯ z b l meth d} nominal size [DES ENG] Size used for purposes nonflowing well [ENG] A well that yields water of general identification; the actual size of a part at the land surface only by means of a pump or will be approximately the same as the nominal other lifting device. { na¨n flo¯ иiŋ wel } size but need not be exactly the same; for exam- nonholonomic system [MECH] A system of par- ple, a rod may be referred to as 1/4 inch, although ticles which is subjected to constraints of such the actual dimension on the drawing is 0.2495 a nature that the system cannot be described by inch, and in this case 1/4 inch is the nominal independent coordinates; examples are a rolling size. { na¨mиəиnəl sı¯z} hoop, or an ice skate which must point along its nonadiabatic See diabatic. path. { ¦na¨n ha¨lиə na¨mиik sisиtəm} nonanticipatory system See causal system. nonhoming [CONT SYS] Not returning to the { ¦na¨nиan tisиəиpə to˙ rиe¯ sisиtəm} starting or home position, as when the wipers nonbearing wall [CIV ENG] A wall that bears no of a stepping relay remain at the last-used set vertical weight other than its own. { na¨n berи of contacts instead of returning to their home iŋ wo˙ l} position. { ¦na¨n ho¯ mиiŋ } nonblackbody [THERMO] A body that reflects nonintegrable system [MECH] A dynamical sys- some fraction of the radiation incident upon it; tem whose motion is governed by an equation all real bodies are of this nature. { ¦na¨n blak that is not an integrable differential equation. {} ba¨dиe¯ } { na¨n¦intиiиgrəиbəl ¦sisиtəm} noncontact sensor See proximity sensor. { ¦na¨n noninteracting control [CONT SYS] A feedback {} ka¨n takt senиsər} control in a system with more than one input noncontact thermometer See radiation pyrometer. and more than one output, in which feedback { ¦na¨n ka¨n takt thər ma¨mиədиər } transfer functions are selected so that each input
372
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. normal-incidence pyrheliometer
influences only one output. { ¦na¨n inиtər akи nonrelativistic mechanics [MECH] The study of tiŋ kən tro¯ l} the dynamics of systems in which all speeds are nonlinear circuit component [ELECTR] An elec- small compared to the speed of light. { ¦na¨n trical device for which a change in applied volt- relиəиtə visиtik mi kanиiks } age does not produce a proportional change in nonreturn valve See check valve. { ¦na¨nиri tərn current. Also known as nonlinear device; non- valv } linear element. { na¨n linиe¯иər ¦sərиkətkəm nonselective radiator See graybody. { ¦na¨nиsi lekи {} po¯ иnənt } tiv ra¯dиe¯ a¯dиər} nonlinear control system [CONT SYS] A control nonservo robot See fixed-stop robot. { ¦na¨n sərи system that does not have the property of super- vo¯ ro¯ ba¨t} position, that is, one in which some or all of the nonskid [CIV ENG] Pertaining to a surface that outputs are not linear functions of the inputs. is roughened to reduce slipping, as a concrete { na¨n linиe¯иərkən tro¯ l sisиtəmz } floor treated with iron filings or carborundum nonlinear device See nonlinear circuit component. powder, or indented while wet. { ¦na¨n¦skid } и иə { na¨n lin e¯ rdivı¯s} nonstranded rope [DES ENG] A wire rope with nonlinear distortion [ELECTR] Distortion in the wires in concentric sheaths instead of in which the output of a system or component does strands, and in opposite directions in the differ- not have the desired linear relation to the input. ent sheaths, giving the rope nonspinning proper- [ENG ACOUS] The ratio of the total root-mean- ties. Also known as nonspinning rope. { na¨n square (rms) harmonic distortion output of a stranиdəd ro¯ p} microphone to the rms value of the fundamental nonwork unit [IND ENG] A time unit on a sched- component of the output. { na¨n linиe¯иərdi и ə ule during which work may not be performed on {}sto˙ r sh n} a given activity, for example, a weekend or a nonlinear element See nonlinear circuit compo- holiday. { ¦na¨n wərk yu¨ иnət} nent. { na¨n linиe¯иər elиəиmənt } NOR circuit [ELECTR] A circuit in which output nonlinear feedback control system [CONT voltage appears only when signal is absent from SYS] Feedback control system in which the rela- all of its input terminals. { nor sərиkət} tionships between the pertinent measures of the ˙ normal acceleration MECH 1. The component system input and output signals cannot be ade- [ ] of the linear acceleration of an aircraft or missile quately described by linear means. { na¨n linи along its normal, or Z, axis. 2. The usual or e¯иər fe¯d bak kən tro¯ l sisиtəm} typical acceleration. { no˙ rиməlak selиə ra¯и nonlinear vibration [MECH] A vibration whose ə amplitude is large enough so that the elastic sh n} normal axis [MECH] The vertical axis of an air- restoring force on the vibrating object is not и ə и ə proportional to its displacement. { na¨n linиe¯и craft or missile. { no˙ r m l ak s s} ərvı¯ bra¯иshən} normal barometer [ENG] A barometer of such non-minimum-phase system [CONT SYS] A lin- accuracy that it can be used for the determina- ear system whose transfer function has one or tion of pressure standards; an instrument such more poles or zeros with positive, nonzero real as a large-bore mercury barometer is usually и ə ə иə иə parts. { ¦na¨n¦minиəиməm fa¯z sisиtəm} used. { no˙ r m lb ra¨m d r} nonpoint source [CIV ENG] A dispersed source normal coordinates [MECH] A set of coordi- of stormwater runoff; the water comes from land nates for a coupled system such that the equa- dedicated to uses such as agriculture, develop- tions of motion each involve only one of these и ə иə иə ment, forest, and land fills and enters the surface coordinates. { no˙ r m lko¯ o˙ rd n ts } water system as sheet flow at irregular rates. normal effort [IND ENG] The effort expended by { na¨n po˙ int so˙ rs } the average operator in performing manual work и ə nonquantum mechanics [MECH] The classical with average skill and application. { no˙ r m l mechanics of Newton and Einstein as opposed efиərt } tothequantummechanicsofHeisenberg,Schro¨ d- normal element time [IND ENG] The selected or inger, and Dirac; particles have definite position average element time adjusted to obtain the ele- and velocity, and they move according to New- ment time used by an average qualified operator. ton’s laws. { na¨n¦kwa¨nиtəmmi kanиiks } Also known as base time; leveled element time. nonreclosing pressure relief device [MECH { no˙ rиməl elиə¦ment tı¯m} ENG] A device which remains open after reliev- normal frequencies [MECH] The frequencies of ing pressure and must be reset before it can the normal modes of vibration of a system. operate again. { ¦na¨nиre¯ klo¯ zиiŋ preshиərri le¯f { no˙ rиməl fre¯иkwən se¯z} di vı¯s} normal impact [MECH] 1. Impact on a plane nonrecording rain gage [ENG] A rain gage perpendicular to the trajectory. 2. Striking of a which indicates but does not record the amount projectile against a surface that is perpendicular of precipitation. { ¦na¨nиri ko˙ rdиiŋ ra¯n ga¯j} to the line of flight of the projectile. { no˙ rи nonrelativistic kinematics [MECH] The study of məl im pakt } motions of systems of objects at speeds which normal-incidence pyrheliometer [ENG] An in- are small compared to the speed of light, without strument that measures the energy in the solar reference to the forces which act on the system. beam; it usually measures the radiation that { ¦na¨n relиəиtə visиtik kinиə madиiks } strikes a target at the end of a tube equipped
373
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. normal inspection
with a shutter and baffles to collimate the beam. in the back rake or top rake plane of a cutting { no˙ rиməl ¦inиsədиəns ¦pı¯r he¯иle¯ a¨mиədиər} tool. { no¯ z ra¯dиe¯иəs} normal inspection [IND ENG] The number of nose sill [ENG] A short timber located under items inspected as specified by the sampling the end of the main sill of a standard rig front inspection plan at the outset; if the quality of of a well. { no¯ z sil } the product improves, the number of units to be nosing [BUILD] Projection of a tread of a stair inspected is reduced; if quality deteriorates, the beyond the riser below it. [CIV ENG] A trans- number of units inspected is increased. { ¦no˙ rи verse, horizontal motion of a locomotive that məlin spekиshən} exerts a lateral force on the track. { no¯ zиiŋ } normal mode of vibration [MECH] Vibration of notch [ELECTR] Rectangular depression ex- a coupled system in which the value of one of tending below the sweep line of the radar indica- the normal coordinates oscillates and the values tor in some types of equipment. [ENG] AV- of all the other coordinates remain stationary. shaped indentation or cut in a surface or edge. { no˙ rməl ¦mo¯ d əvvı ¯ bra¯иshən} {na¨ch } normal operation [MECH ENG] The operation of notching [ELEC] Term indicating that a prede- a boiler or pressure vessel at or below the condi- termined number of separate impulses are re- tions of coincident pressure and temperature for quired to complete operation of a relay. [MECH и ə ENG] Cutting out various shapes from the ends which the vessel has been designed. { no˙ r m l и ŋ a¨pиə ra¯иshən} or edges of a workpiece. { na¨ch i } notching press MECH ENG A mechanical normal pace [IND ENG] The manual pace [ ] press for notching straight or rounded edges. achieved by normal effort. { no˙ rиməl pa¯s} { na¨chиiŋ pres } normal pitch [MECH ENG] The distance be- tween working faces of two adjacent gear teeth, NOT circuit [ELECTR] A logic circuit with one input and one output that inverts the input sig- measured between the intersections of the line nal at the output; that is, the output signal is a of action with the faces. { no˙ rиməl pich } logical 1 if the input signal is a logical 0, and normal-plate anemometer [ENG] A type of vice versa. Also known as inverter circuit. pressure-plate anemometer in which the plate, { na¨t sərиkət} restrained by a stiff spring, is held perpendicular nozzle [DES ENG] A tubelike device, usually to the wind; the wind-activated motion of the streamlined, for accelerating and directing a plate is measured electrically; the natural fre- fluid, whose pressure decreases as it leaves the quency of this system can be made high enough nozzle. { na¨zиəl} so that resonance magnification does not occur. и ə ¦ иə иə иə nozzle-contraction-area ratio [DES ENG] Ratio { no˙ r m l pla¯t an ma¨m d r} of the cross-sectional area for gas flow at the normal reaction [MECH] The force exerted by a nozzle inlet to that at the throat. { na¨zиəl surface on an object in contact with it which kən trakиshən ¦erиe¯иə ra¯иsho¯ } prevents the object from passing through the nozzle efficiency [MECH ENG] The efficiency surface; the force is perpendicular to the surface, with which a nozzle converts potential energy and is the only force that the surface exerts on into kinetic energy, commonly expressed as the the object in the absence of frictional forces. ratio of the actual change in kinetic energy to и ə и ə { no˙ r m lre¯ ak sh n} the ideal change at the given pressure ratio. normal stress [MECH] The stress component at { na¨zиəli fishиənиse¯ } a point in a structure which is perpendicular to nozzle exit area [DES ENG] The cross-sectional и ə the reference plane. { no˙ r m l stres } area of a nozzle available for gas flow measured normal time [IND ENG] 1. The time required by at the nozzle exit. { na¨zиəl ¦egиzət erиe¯иə } a trained worker to perform a task at a normal nozzle-expansion ratio [DES ENG] Ratio of the pace. 2. The total of all the normal elemental cross-sectional area for gas flow at the exit of a times constituting a cycle or operation. Also nozzle to the cross-sectional area available for known as base time; leveled time. { no˙ rиməl gas flow at the throat. { na¨zиəlik panиshən tı¯m} ra¯иsho¯ } north-stabilized plan-position indicator [ENG] nozzle-mix gas burner [ENG] A burner in which A heading-upward plan-position indicator; this injection nozzles mix air and fuel gas at the term is deprecated because it may be confused burner tile. { na¨zиəl miks gas bərиnər} with azimuth-stabilized plan-position indicator, nozzle throat [DES ENG] The portion of a nozzle a north-upward plan-position indicator. with the smallest cross section. { na¨zиəl { no˙ rth ¦sta¯иbə lı¯zd ¦plan pə¦zishиən inиdə ka¯dи thro¯ t} ər} nozzle throat area [DES ENG] The area of the north-upward plan position indicator [ENG] A minimum cross section of a nozzle. { na¨zиəl plan position indicator on which north is main- ¦thro¯ t erиe¯иə } tained at the top of the indicator, regardless of npin transistor [ELECTR] An npn transistor the heading of the craft. { no˙ rth əpиwərd ¦plan which has a layer of high-purity germanium be- pə¦zishиən inиdə ka¯dиər} tween the base and collector to extend the fre- nose [ENG] The foremost point or section of a quency range. { en pin tran zisиtər} bomb, missile, or something similar. { no¯ z} N-P-K [CHEM ENG] The code identifying the nose radius [MECH ENG] The radius measured components in a fertilizer mixture: nitrogen (N),
374
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Nusselt equation
phosphorus pentoxide (P), and potassium oxide and a detector downstream measures the (K). Fertilizers are graded in the order N-P-K, amount of decay of the resonance, thereby sens- with the numbers indicating the percentage of ing fluid velocity. { nu¨ иkle¯иər mag nedиik rezи the total weight of each component. For exam- ənиəns flo¯ me¯dиər} ple, 5-10-10 represents a mixture containing by nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope [ENG] weight 5% nitrogen, 10% phosphorus pentoxide, A gyroscope that obtains information from the and 10% potassium oxide. dynamic angular motion of atomic nuclei. npnp diode See pnpn diode. { ¦en pe¯¦en pe¯ { nu¨ иkle¯иər mag nedиik rezиənиəns jı¯иrə sko¯ p} dı¯ o¯ d} nuclear magnetometer [ENG] Any magnetome- npnp transistor [ELECTR] An npn-junction tran- ter which is based on the interaction of a mag- sistor having a transition or floating layer be- netic field with nuclear magnetic moments, such tween p and n regions, to which no ohmic con- as the proton magnetometer. Also known as nection is made. Also known as pnpn transistor. nuclear resonance magnetometer. { nu¨ иkle¯иər { ¦en pe¯¦en pe¯ tran zisиtər} magиnə ta¨mиədиər} npn semiconductor [ELECTR] Double junction nuclear power plant [MECH ENG] A power plant formed by sandwiching a thin layer of p-type in which nuclear energy is converted into heat material between two layers of n-type material for use in producing steam for turbines, which of a semiconductor. { en pe¯ en semиiи in turn drive generators that produce electric kən dəkиtər } power. Also known as atomic power plant. npn transistor [ELECTR] A junction transistor { nu¨ иkle¯иər pau˙ иər plant } having a p-type base between an n-type emitter nuclear resonance magnetometer See nuclear and an n-type collector; the emitter should then magnetometer. { nu¨ иkle¯иər rezиənиəns magи be negative with respect to the base, and the nə ta¨mиədиər} collector should be positive with respect to the nuclear snow gage [ENG] Any type of gage us- base. { en pe¯ en tran zisиtər } ing a radioactive source and a detector to meas- np semiconductor [ELECTR] Region of transi- ure, by the absorption of radiation, the water- tion between n- and p-type material. { ¦en¦pe¯ equivalent mass of a snowpack. { nu¨ иkle¯иər semиiиkən dəkиtər} sno¯ ga¯j} NPSH See net positive suction head. nucleate boiling [CHEM ENG] Boiling in which N rod bit [DES ENG] A Canadian standard non- bubble formation is at the liquid-solid interface coring bit having a set diameter of 2.940 inches rather than from external or mechanical devices; (74.676 millimeters). { en ra¨d bit } occurs in kettle-type and natural-circulation n-type conduction [ELECTR] The electrical con- heaters or reboilers. { nu¨ иkle¯ a¯t bo˙ ilиiŋ } duction associated with electrons, as opposed nucleonics [ENG] The technology based on to holes, in a semiconductor. { en tı¯pkən phenomena of the atomic nucleus such as radio- dəkиshən} activity, fission, and fusion; includes nuclear n-type germanium [ELECTR] Germanium to reactors, various applications of radioisotopes which more impurity atoms of donor type (with and radiation, particle accelerators, and radia- valence 5, such as antimony) than of acceptor tion-detection devices. { nu¨ иkle¯ a¨nиiks } type (with valence 3, such as indium) have been nucleus counter [ENG] An instrument which added, with the result that the conduction elec- measures the number of condensation nuclei or tron density exceeds the hole density. { en tı¯p ice nuclei per sample volume of air. { nu¨ иkle¯и jər ma¯иne¯иəm} əs kau˙ ntиər} n-type semiconductor [ELECTR] An extrinsic null-balance recorder [ENG] An instrument in semiconductor in which the conduction electron which a motor-driven slide wire in a measuring density exceeds the hole density. { en tı¯p circuit is continuously adjusted so that the volt- semиiиkən dəkиtər } age or current to be measured will be balanced nuclear chemical engineering [CHEM ENG] The against the voltage or current from this circuit; branch of chemical engineering that deals with a pen linked to the slide wire makes a graphical the production and use of radioisotopes. { nu¨ и record of its position as a function of time. kle¯иər ¦kemиəиkəl enиjə nirиiŋ }{ nəl ¦balиəns ri ko˙ rdиər} nuclear excavation [ENG] The use of nuclear null detector See null indicator. { nəldi tekиtər} explosions to remove earth for constructing har- null indicator [ENG] A galvanometer or other bors, canals, and other facilities. { nu¨ иkle¯иər device that indicates when voltage or current is ekиskə va¯иshən } zero; used chiefly to determine when a bridge nuclear gyroscope [ENG] A gyroscope in which circuit is in balance. Also known as null detec- the conventional spinning mass is replaced by tor. { nəl inиdə ka¯dиər} the spin of atomic nuclei and electrons; one ver- null method [ENG] A method of measurement sion uses optically pumped mercury isotopes, in which the measuring circuit is balanced to and another uses nuclear magnetic resonance bring the pointer of the indicating instrument to techniques. { nu¨ иkle¯иər jı¯иrə sko¯ p } zero, as in a Wheatstone bridge, and the settings nuclear magnetic resonance flowmeter [ENG] of the balancing controls are then read. Also A flowmeter in which nuclei of the flowing fluid known as balance method; zero method. { nəl are resonated by a radio-frequency field superim- methиəd} posed on an intense permanent magnetic field, Nusselt equation [THERMO] Dimensionless
375
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Nusselt number
equation used to calculate convection heat Nyquist contour [CONT SYS] A directed closed transfer for heating or cooling of fluids outside path in the complex frequency plane used in a bank of 10 or more rows of tubes to which the constructing a Nyquist diagram, which runs up- fluid flow is normal. { nu˙ sиəlt i kwa¯иzhən} ward, parallel to the whole length of the imagi- Nusselt number [THERMO] A dimensionless nary axis at an infinitesimal distance to the right number used in the study of forced convection of it, and returns from ϩjn to Ϫjn along a semicir- which gives a measure of the ratio of the total cle of infinite radius in the right half-plane. heat transfer to conductive heat transfer, and { nı¯ kwist ka¨n tu˙ r} is equal to the heat-transfer coefficient times Nyquist diagram [CONT SYS] A plot in the com- a characteristic length divided by the thermal plex plane of the open-loop transfer function as conductivity. Symbolized NNu.{ nu˙ sиəlt nəmи the complex frequency is varied along the bər} Nyquist contour; used to determine stability of nut [DES ENG] An internally threaded fasterner a control system. { nı¯ kwist dı¯иə gram } for bolts and screws. { nət} Nyquist stability criterion See Nyquist stability the- nutating antenna [ENG] An antenna system orem. { nı¯ kwist stə bilиədиe¯ krı¯ tirиe¯иən} used in conical scan radar, in which a dipole Nyquist stability theorem [CONT SYS] The theo- or feed horn moves in a small circular orbit rem that the net number of counterclockwise about the axis of a paraboloidal reflector with- rotations about the origin of the complex plane out changing its polarization. { nu¨ ta¯dиiŋ an carried out by the value of an analytic function tenиə } of a complex variable, as its argument is varied nutating-disk meter [ENG] An instrument for around the Nyquist contour, is equal to the num- measuring flow of a liquid in which liquid pass- ber of poles of the variable in the right half-plane ing through a chamber causes a disk to nutate, minus the number of zeros in the right half- or roll back and forth, and the total number of plane. Also known as Nyquist stability crite- rolls is mechanically counted. { nu¨ ta¯dиiŋ ¦disk rion. { nı¯ kwist stə bilиədиe¯ thirиəm} ¦me¯dиər} Nyquist’s theorem [ELECTR] The mean square nutation [MECH] A bobbing or nodding up-and- noise voltage across a resistance in thermal equi- down motion of a spinning rigid body, such as librium is four times the product of the resist- a top, as it precesses about its vertical axis. ance, Boltzmann’s constant, the absolute tem- {nu¨ ta¯иshən} perature, and the frequency range within which nutator [ENG] A mechanical or electrical device the voltage is measured. { nı¯ kwists thirиəm} used to move a radar beam in a circular, conical, nystagmogram [IND ENG] A recording of sac- spiral, or other manner periodically to obtain cadic eye movements, that is, quick, rhythmic, greater air surveillance than could be obtained and usually involuntary oscillations of the eyes. with a stationary beam. { nu¨ ta¯dиər} {ni stagиmə gram }
376
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. O
OBA See octave-band analyzer. equipment concepts and the methodical im- oblique valve [MECH ENG] A type of globe valve provement of techniques which allow humans having an inclined orifice that serves to reduce to operate successfully beneath the ocean sur- the disruption of the flow pattern of the working face in order to develop and utilize marine re- fluid. { ə¦ble¯k valv } sources. { o¯ иshən enиjə nirиiŋ } obliterated corner [CIV ENG] In surveying, a cor- oceanographic dredge [ENG] A device used ner for which visible evidence of the previous aboard ship to bring up large samples of depos- surveyor’s work has disappeared, but whose orig- its and sediments from the ocean bottom. { ¦o¯ и inal position can be established from other phys- shəиnə¦grafиik drej } ical evidence and testimony. { ə blidиə ra¯dиəd oceanographic platform [ENG] A construction ko˙ rиnər} with a flat horizontal surface higher than the observability [CONT SYS] Property of a system water, on which oceanographic equipment is for which observation of the output variables at suspended or installed. { ¦o¯ иshəиnə¦grafиik plat all times is sufficient to determine the initial fo˙ rm } values of all the state variables. { əb zərиvə bilи ocean thermal-energy conversion [MECH ENG] ədиe¯ } The conversion of energy arising from the tem- observation spillover [CONT SYS] The part of perature difference between warm surface water the sensor output of an active control system of oceans and cold deep-ocean current into elec- caused by modes that have been omited from trical energy or other useful forms of energy. Abbreviated OTEC. { o¯ иshən thərиməl enиərи the control algorithm in the process of model ə ə и ə reduction. { a¨bиzər va¯иshən spil o¯ иvər} je¯ k n v r zh n} octahedral normal stress [MECH] The normal observer [CONT SYS] A linear system B driven by the inputs and outputs of another linear sys- component of stress across the faces of a regular octahedron whose vertices lie on the principal tem A which produces an output that converges axes of stress; it is equal in magnitude to the to some linear function of the state of system A. spherical stress across any surface. Also known Also known as state estimator; state observer. as mean stress. { ¦a¨kиtə¦he¯иdrəl no˙ rиməl stres } { əb zərиvər} octahedral shear stress [MECH] The tangential obsolescence [ENG] Decreasing value of func- component of stress across the faces of a regular tional and physical assets or value of a product octahedron whose vertices lie on the principal or facility from technological changes rather than axes of stress; it is a measure of the strength и ə иə deterioration. { a¨b s les ns } of the deviatoric stress. { ¦a¨kиtə¦he¯иdrəl shir obsolete [ENG] No longer satisfactory for the stres } purpose for which obtained, due to improve- octane number [ENG] A rating that indicates ments or revised requirements. { a¨bиsə le¯t} the tendency to knock when a fuel is used in occlusion [ENG] The retention of undissolved a standard internal combustion engine under gas in a solid during solidification. { ə klu¨ и standard conditions; n-heptane is 0, isooctane zhən} is 100; different test methods yield other values occupational ecology [IND ENG] A discipline variously known as research octane, motor oc- concerned with the interaction of workers with tane, and road octane. { a¨k ta¯n nəmиbər} the environment, and with matching humans octane requirement [MECH ENG] The fuel oc- with the environment in the most ergonomically tane number needed for efficient operation efficient way and with minimal disturbance of (without knocking or spark retardation) of an the environment. { a¨иkyə pa¯иshenиəli ka¨lиəи internal combustion engine. { a¨k ta¯nri kwı¯rи je¯ } mənt } occupy [ENG] To set a surveying instrument octane scale [ENG] Series of arbitrary numbers over a point for the purpose of making observa- from 0 to 120.3 used to rate the octane number tions or measurements. { a¨kиyə pı¯ } of a gasoline; n-heptane is 0 octane, isooctane ocean engineering [ENG] A subfield of engi- is 100, and isooctane ϩ 6 milliliters TEL (tetra- neering involved with the development of new ethyllead) is 120.3. { a¨k ta¯n ska¯l}
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use.
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. octave-band analyzer
octave-band analyzer [ENG ACOUS] A portable off-road vehicle [MECH ENG] A conveyance de- sound analyzer which amplifies a microphone signed to travel on unpaved roads, trails, signal, feeds it into one of several band-pass beaches, or rough terrain rather than on public filters selected by a switch, and indicates the roads. { o˙ f¦ro¯ d ve¯иəиkəl} magnitude of sound in the corresponding fre- offset [BUILD] A horizontal ledge on the face quency band on a logarithmic scale; all the bands of a wall or other member that is formed by except the highest and lowest span an octave in diminishing the thickness of the wall at that frequency. Abbreviated OBA. { a¨kиtiv ¦band point. Also known as setback. [CONT SYS] anиə lı¯zиər } The steady-state difference between the desired octave-band filter [ENG ACOUS] A band-pass control point and that actually obtained in a filter in which the upper cutoff frequency is twice process control system. [ENG] 1. A short per- the lower cutoff frequency. { a¨kиtiv ¦band filи pendicular distance measured to a traverse tər } course or a surveyed line or principal line of octoid [DES ENG] Pertaining to a gear tooth measurement in order to locate a point with form used to generate the teeth in bevel gears; respect to a point on the course or line. the octoid form closely resembles the involute 2. In seismic prospecting, the horizontal distance form. { a¨k to˙ id } between a shothole and the line of profile, meas- OD See outside diameter. ured perpendicular to the line. 3. In seismic odd-leg caliper [DES ENG] A caliper in which refraction prospecting, the horizontal displace- the legs bend in the same direction instead of ment, measured from the detector, of a point opposite directions. { a¨d leg kalиəиpər } for which a calculated depth is relevant. 4. In odograph [ENG] An instrument installed in a seismic reflection prospecting, the correction of vehicle to automatically plot on a map the course a reflecting element from its position on a pre- and distance traveled by the vehicle. { o¯ иdə liminary working profile to its actual position graf } in space. [MECH] The value of strain between odometer [ENG] 1. An instrument for measur- the initial linear portion of the stress-strain curve ing distance traversed, as of a vehicle. 2. The and a parallel line that intersects the stress- indicating gage of such an instrument. 3. A strain curve of an arbitrary value of strain; used wheel pulled by surveyors to measure distance as an index of yield stress; a value of 0.2% is traveled. { o¯ da¨mиədиər} common. { o˙ f set } odorize [CHEM ENG] To add an unpleasant offset cab [ENG] Operator’s cab positioned to odor as a safety measure to an odorless material one side of earthmoving equipment for greater such as fuel gas. { o¯ иdə rı¯z } visibility and safety. { o˙ f set kab } Oehman’s survey instrument [ENG] A drill- offset cylinder [MECH ENG] A reciprocating hole surveying apparatus that makes a photo- part in which the crank rotates about a center graphic record of the compass and clinometer off the centerline. { o˙ f set silиənиdər} readings. { a¯иmənz sər va¯ inиstrəиmənt } offset line [ENG] A secondary line established off [ENG] Designating the inoperative state of close to and roughly parallel with the primary a device, or one of two possible conditions (the survey line to which it is referenced by measured other being ‘‘on’’) in a circuit. { o˙ f} offsets. { o˙ f set lı¯n} off-count mesh [DES ENG] A mesh in a wire offset screwdriver [DES ENG] A screwdriver cloth in which the count is not the same for both with the blade set perpendicular to the shank directions. { ¦o˙ f kau˙ nt mesh } for access to screws in otherwise awkward places. offhand grinding [MECH ENG] Grinding opera- { o˙ f set skru¨ drı¯vиər} tions performed with hand-held tools. Also offset voltage [ELECTR] The differential input known as freehand grinding. { ¦o˙ f hand grı¯ndи voltage that must be applied to an operational iŋ } amplifier to return the zero-frequency output off-highway vehicle [MECH ENG] A bulk-han- voltage to zero volts, due to device mismatching dling machine, such as an earthmover or dump at the input stage. { o˙ f set vo¯ lиtij } truck, that is designed to operate on steep or offset yield strength [MECH] That stress at rough terrain and has a height and width that which the strain surpasses by a specific amount may exceed highway legal limits. { o˙ f hı¯ wa¯ (called the offset) an extension of the initial pro- ve¯иəиkəl } portional portion of the stress-strain curve; usu- off-line [ENG] 1. A condition existing when the ally expressed in pounds per square inch. { o˙ f drive rod of the drill swivel head is not centered set ye¯ld streŋkth } and parallel with the borehole being drilled. offshore mooring [CIV ENG] An anchorage serv- 2. A borehole that has deviated from its intended ing an area for which it is not considered feasible course. 3. A condition existing wherein any lin- or cost-effective to construct a dock or provide ear excavation (shaft, drift, borehole) deviates a protected harbor, and providing equipment to from a previously determined or intended survey which ships can attach mooring lines. { o˙ f¦sho˙ r line or course. [IND ENG] State in which an mu¨ rиiŋ } equipment or subsystem is in standby, mainte- off-site facility [CHEM ENG] In a chemical proc- nance, or mode of operation other than on- ess plant, any supporting facility that is not a line. { o˙ f¦lı¯n} direct part of the reaction train, such as utilities,
378
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. ombroscope
steam, and waste-treatment facilities. { o˙ f¦sı¯t oil-gas process [CHEM ENG] Process to manu- fə silиədиe¯ } facture high-caloric-value fuel gas by the destruc- off-the-shelf [IND ENG] Available for immediate tive distillation of high-boiling petroleum oils. shipment. { o˙ fthə ¦shelf } { o˙ il gas pra¨иsəs} ohm [ELEC] The unit of electrical resistance in oil groove [DES ENG] One of the grooves in a the rationalized meter-kilogram-second system bearing which distribute and collect lubricating of units, equal to the resistance through which oil. { o˙ il gru¨ v} a current of 1 ampere will flow when there is a oil hole [ENG] A small hole for injecting oil for potential difference of 1 volt across it. Symbol- a bearing. { o˙ il ho¯ l} ized ⍀.{o¯ m} oil-hole drill [DES ENG] A twist drill containing ohmic [ELEC] Pertaining to a substance or cir- holes through which oil can be fed to the cutting cuit component that obeys Ohm’s law. { o¯ и edges. { o˙ il ho¯ l dril } mik } oiliness [ENG] The effect of a lubricant to re- ohmic dissipation [ELECTR] Loss of electric en- duce friction between two solid surfaces in con- ergy when a current flows through a resistance tact; the effect is more than can be accounted и и ə due to conversion into heat. Also known as for by viscosity alone. { o˙ i le¯ n s} ohmic loss. { o¯ иmik disиə pa¯иshən} oilless bearing [MECH ENG] A self-lubricating ohmic loss See ohmic dissipation. { o¯ иmik lo˙ s} bearing containing solid or liquid lubricants in its material. { oilиles berиiŋ } ohmmeter [ENG] An instrument for measuring ˙ electric resistance; scale may be graduated in oil lift [MECH ENG] Hydrostatic lubrication of a journal bearing by using oil at high pressure in ohms or megohms. { o¯ me¯dиər} the area between the bottom of the journal and Ohm’s law [ELEC] The law that the direct cur- rent flowing in an electric circuit is directly pro- the bearing itself so that the shaft is raised and supported by an oil film whether it is rotating portional to the voltage applied to the circuit; it or not. { oil lift } is valid for metallic circuits and many circuits ˙ oil pump [MECH ENG] A pump of the gear, vane, containing an electrolytic resistance. { o¯ mz or plunger type, usually an integral part of the lo } ˙ automotive engine; it lifts oil from the sump ohms per volt ENG Sensitivity rating for mea- [ ] to the upper level in the splash and circulating suring instruments, obtained by dividing the systems, and in forced-feed lubrication it pumps resistance of the instrument in ohms at a particu- the oil to the tubes leading to the bearings and lar range by the full-scale voltage value at that other parts. { o˙ il pəmp } range. { omz pər volt } ¯ ¯ oil reclaiming [ENG] 1. A process in which oil OHV engine See overhead-valve engine. { ¦o¯ ¦ и ə is passed through a filter as it comes from equip- a¯ch ve¯ en j n} ment and then returned for reuse, in the same oil bath [ENG] 1. Oil, in a container, within manner that crank case oil is cleaned by an en- which a mechanism works or into which it dips. gine filter. 2. A method in which solids are re- 2. Oil in which a piece of apparatus is sub- moved from oil by treatment in settling tanks. merged. 3. Oil that is poured on a cutting tool. { oil ri klamиiŋ } ˙ ¯ { o˙ il bath } oil ring [MECH ENG] 1. A ring located at the oil burner [ENG] Liquid-fuel burner device us- lower part of a piston to prevent an excess ing a mixture of air and vaporized or atomized amount of oil from being drawn up onto the ə и ə oil for combustion. { o˙ il b r n r} piston during the suction stroke. 2. A ring on oil cooler [MECH ENG] A small radiator used to a journal, dipping into an oil bath for lubrication. cool the oil that lubricates an automotive engine. { o˙ il riŋ } и ə { o˙ il ku¨ l r} oil seal [ENG] 1. A device for preventing the en- oil cup [ENG] A permanently mounted cup used try or return of oil from a chamber. 2. A device to feed lubricant to a gear, usually with some using oil as the sealing medium to prevent the means of regulating the flow. { o˙ il kəp} passage of fluid from one chamber to another. oil dilution valve [MECH ENG] A valve used to { o˙ il se¯l} mix gasoline with engine oil to permit easier Oldham coupling See slider coupling. { o¯ lиdəm starting of the gasoline engine in cold weather. kəpиliŋ } { o˙ il di lu¨ иshən valv } oleometer [ENG] 1. A device for measuring spe- oil filter [ENG] Cartridge-type filter used in au- cific gravity of oils. 2. An instrument for de- tomotive oil-lubrication systems to remove termining the proportion of oil in a substance. metal particles and products of heat decomposi- { o¯ иle¯ a¨mиədиər} tion from the circulating oil. { o˙ il filиtər} oleo strut [MECH ENG] A shock absorber con- oil fogging [ENG] Spraying a fine oil mist into sisting of a telescoping cylinder that forces oil the gas stream of a distribution system to allevi- into an air chamber, thereby compressing the air; ate the drying effects of gas on certain kinds used on aircraft landing gear. { o¯ иle¯иo¯ strət} of distribution and utilization equipment. { o˙ il ombrometer See rain gage. { a¨m bra¨mиədиər} fa¨gиiŋ } ombroscope [ENG] An instrument consisting oil furnace [MECH ENG] A combustion chamber of a heated, water-sensitive surface which indi- in which oil is the heat-producing fuel. { o˙ il cates by mechanical or electrical techniques the fərиnəs} occurrence of precipitation; the output of the
379
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. omnibearing converter
instrument may be arranged to trip an alarm or one-way slab [CIV ENG] A concrete slab in to record on a time chart. { a¨mиbrə sko¯ p} which the reinforcing steel runs perpendicular omnibearing converter [ENG] An electrome- to the supporting beams, that is, one way. chanical device which combines an omnirange { wən wa¯ slab } signal with heading information to furnish elec- on grade [CIV ENG] 1. At ground level. 2. Sup- trical signals for the operation of the pointer ported directly on the ground. { o˙ n gra¯d} of a radio magnetic indicator. { a¨mиnə berиiŋ onion diagram [SYS ENG] A schematic diagram kən vərdиər} of a system that is composed of concentric cir- omnibearing indicator [ENG] An instrument cles, with the innermost circle representing the providing automatic and continuous indication core, and all the outer layers dependent on the of omnibearing. { a¨mиnə berиiŋ inиdə ka¯dиər } core. { ənиyən dı¯иə gram } omnibearing selector [ENG] A device capable on-off control [CONT SYS] A simple control sys- of being set manually to any desired omnibear- tem in which the device being controlled is either ing, or its reciprocal, to control a course-line full on or full off, with no intermediate operating deviation indicator. Also known as radial selec- positions. Also known as on-off system. { o˙ n tor. { a¨mиnə berиiŋ si lekиtər} o˙ fkən tro¯ l} omnidirectional hydrophone [ENG ACOUS] A on-off system See on-off control. { o˙ n o˙ f sisи hydrophone whose response is fundamentally təm} independent of the incident sound wave’s angle Onsager reciprocal relations [THERMO] A set of arrival. { ¦a¨mиnəиdi rekиshənиəl hı¯иdrə fo¯ n} of conditions which state that the matrix, whose omnigraph [ENG] An automatic acetylene cut- elements express various fluxes of a system ter controlled by a mechanical pointer that traces (such as diffusion and heat conduction) as linear a pattern; capable of cutting several duplicates functions of the various conjugate affinities simultaneously. { a¨mиnə graf } (such as mass and temperature gradients) for omnimeter [ENG] A theodolite with a micro- systems close to equilibrium, is symmetric when scope that can be used to observe vertical angu- certain definitions are chosen for these fluxes lar movement of the telescope. { a¨m nimиədи and affinities. { o˙ n sa¨gиərri sipиrəиkəlri la¯и ər} shənz } on [ENG] Designating the operating state of a on stream [CHEM ENG] Of a plant or process- device or one of two possible conditions (the operations unit, being in operation. { o˙ n other being ‘‘off’’) in a circuit. { o˙ n} stre¯m} on center [BUILD] The measurement made be- on-stream factor [IND ENG] The ratio of the tween the centers of two adjacent members. number of operating days to the number of cal- { o˙ n senиtər} endar days per year. { o˙ n stre¯m fakиtər} once-through boiler [MECH ENG] A boiler in on-stream time [CHEM ENG] In plant or process which water flows, without recirculation, sequen- operations, the actual time that a unit is op- tially through the economizer, furnace wall, and erating and producing product. { o˙ n stre¯m evaporating and superheating tubes. { wəns tı¯m} ¦thru¨ bo˙ ilиər} OPDAR [ENG] A laser system for measuring ele- on composition See on grade. { ¦o˙ n ka¨mиpə vation angle, azimuth angle, and slant range of zishиən } a missile during its firing period. Derived from on-condition maintenance [IND ENG] Examina- optical direction and ranging. Also known as tion of those aspects of an installation that are optical radar. { a¨p da¨r} predictive of pending failure, followed by perfor- open [ELEC] 1. Condition in which conductors mance of preventative maintenance activities are separated so that current cannot pass. before occurrence of total failure. { ¦o˙ n 2. Break or discontinuity in a circuit which can kən¦dishиən ma¯ntиənиəns } normally pass a current. { o¯ иpən} one-digit subtracter See half-subtracter. { wən open-belt drive [DES ENG] A belt drive having dijиətsəb trakиtər } both shafts parallel and rotating in the same one-hundred-percent premium plan [IND ENG] direction. { o¯ иpən belt drı¯v} A wage incentive plan wherein each unit pro- open berth [CIV ENG] An anchorage berth in an duced by an employee in excess of standard is open roadstead. { o¯ иpən bərth } compensated at the same rate paid for each unit open caisson [CIV ENG] A caisson in the form of standard production. Also known as straight of a cylinder or shaft that is open at both ends; piecework system; straight proportional system. it is set in place, pumped dry, and filled with { wən hənиdrədpər¦sent pre¯иme¯иəm plan } concrete. { o¯ иpən ka¯ sa¨n} one-shot molding [ENG] Production of ure- open-center plan position indicator [ENG] A thane-plastic foam in which the isocynate, po- plan position indicator on which no signal is lyol, and catalyst and other additives are mixed displayed within a set distance from the center. directly together and a foam is produced imme- { o¯ иpən senиtər plan pə zishиən inиdə ka¯dиər} diately. { wən sha¨t mo¯ ldиiŋ } open circuit [ELEC] An electric circuit that has one-sided acceptance sampling test [IND ENG] been broken, so that there is no complete path A test against a single specification only, in which for current flow. { o¯ иpən sərиkət} permissible values in one direction are not lim- open-circuit grinding [MECH ENG] Grinding ited. { wən sı¯dиədik sepиtəns sampиliŋ test } system in which material passes through the
380
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. operation process chart
grinder without classification of product and supporting timbers are left uncovered, forming without recycle of oversize lumps; in contrast part of the ceiling. { o¯ иpən ¦timиbərd ru¨ f} to closed-circuit grinding. { o¯ иpən ¦sərиkət open traverse [ENG] A surveying traverse in grı¯ndиiŋ } which the last leg, because of error, does not open-circuit scuba [ENG] The simplest type of terminate at the origin of the first leg. { o¯ и scuba equipment, in which all exhaled gas is pən tra vərs } discharged directly into the water and the utiliza- open valley [BUILD] A valley formed at the in- tion of gas is therefore equal to the mass tersection of two roof surfaces and lined with exhaled. { o¯ иpən ¦sərиkət sku¨ иbə } either metal or a mineral-surfaced roofing mate- opencut [CIV ENG] An open trench, such as rial; the lining is exposed at the intersection. across a hill. { o¯ иpиən¦kət} { o¯ иpən valиe¯ } open cycle [THERMO] A thermodynamic cycle open-web girder See lattice girder. { o¯ иpən ¦web in which new mass enters the boundaries of the gərdиər} system and spent exhaust leaves it; the automo- open well [CIV ENG] 1. A well whose diameter tive engine and the gas turbine illustrate this is great enough (1 meter or more) for a person process. { ¦o¯ иpən ¦sı¯иkəl} to descend to the water level. 2. An artificial open-cycle engine [MECH ENG] An engine in pond filling a large excavation in the zone of which the working fluid is discharged after one saturation up to the water table. { o¯ иpən wel } pass through boiler and engine. { ¦o¯ иpən ¦sı¯иkəl operating line [CHEM ENG] In the graphical so- enиjən} lution of equilibrium processes (such as distilla- open-cycle gas turbine [MECH ENG] A gas tur- tion absorption extraction), the actual liquid- bine prime mover in which air is compressed vapor relationship of a key component, in con- in the compressor element, fuel is injected and trast to a true equilibrium relationship. { a¨pи burned in the combustor, and the hot products ə ra¯dиiŋ lı¯n} are expanded in the turbine element and ex- operating pressure [ENG] The system pressure hausted to the atmosphere. { ¦o¯ иpən ¦sı¯иkəl gas at which a process is operating. { a¨pиə ra¯dиiŋ tərиbən} preshиər} open-end wrench [DES ENG] A wrench con- operating stress [MECH] The stress to which a sisting of fixed jaws at one or both ends of a structural unit is subjected in service. { a¨pи handle. { ¦o¯ иpən ¦end rench } ə ra¯dиiŋ stres } open hole [ENG] 1. A well or borehole, or a por- operating water level [MECH ENG] The water tion thereof, that has not been lined with steel level in a boiler drum which is normally main- tubing at the depth referred to. 2. An unob- tained above the lowest safe level. { a¨pиə ra¯dи structed borehole. 3. A borehole being drilled iŋ wo˙ dиər levиəl} without cores. { o¯ иpən ho¯ l} operation [IND ENG] A job, usually performed opening die [MECH ENG] A die head for cutting in one location, and consisting of one or more screws that opens automatically to release the work elements. { a¨pиə ra¯иshən} cut thread. { o¯ pиəиniŋ dı¯ } operational [ENG] Of equipment such as air- opening pressure [MECH ENG] The static inlet craft or vehicles, being in such a state of repair as pressure at which discharge is initiated. { o¯ pи to be immediately usable. { a¨pиə ra¯иshənиəl} əиniŋ preshиər} operational game See management game. { a¨pи open-loop control system [CONT SYS] A control ə ra¯иshənиəl ga¯m} system in which the system outputs are con- operational maintenance [ENG] The cleaning, trolled by system inputs only, and no account servicing, preservation, lubrication, inspection, is taken of actual system output. { ¦o¯ иpən ¦lu¨ p and adjustment of equipment; it includes that kən tro¯ l sisиtəm} minor replacement of parts not requiring high open plan [BUILD] Arrangement of the interior technical skill, internal alignment, or special of a building without distinct barriers such as locative training. { a¨pиə ra¯иshənиəl ma¯ntиənи partitions. { o¯ иpən plan } əns } open shop [IND ENG] A shop in which employ- operation analysis [IND ENG] An analysis of all ment is not restricted to members of a labor procedures concerned with the design or im- union. { o¯ иpən ¦sha¨p} provement of production, the purpose of the op- open-side planer [DES ENG] A planer con- eration, inspection standards, materials used structed with one upright or housing to support and the manner of handling them, the setup, the crossrail and tools. { o¯ иpən sı¯d pla¯nиər } tool equipment, and working conditions and open-side tool block [DES ENG] A toolholder methods. { a¨pиə ra¯иshən ə nalиəиsəs} on a cutting machine consisting of a T-slot operation analysis chart [IND ENG] A form that clamp, a C-shaped block, and two or more tool lists all the essential factors influencing the clamping screws. Also known as heavy-duty effectiveness of an operation. { a¨pиə ra¯иshən tool block. { o¯ иpən sı¯d tu¨ l bla¨k} ə nalиəиsəs cha¨rt } open system [THERMO] A system across whose operation breakdown See job breakdown. { a¨pи boundaries both matter and energy may pass. ə ra¯иshən bra¯k dau˙ n} { o¯ иpən sisиtəm} operation process chart [IND ENG] A graphic open-timbered roof [BUILD] A roof in which the representation that gives an overall view of an
381
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. operations sequence
entire process, including the points at which ma- photodiode. Also known as fiber-optic sensor. terials are introduced, the sequence of inspec- { a¨pиtəиkəl ¦fı¯иbər senиsər} tions, and all operations not involved in material optical fluid-flow measurement [ENG] Any handling. { a¨pиə ra¯иshən pra¨иsəs cha¨rt } method of measuring the varying densities of a operations sequence [CONT SYS] The logical fluid in motion, such as schlieren, interferome- series of procedures that constitute the task for ter, or shadowgraph, which depends on the fact a robot. { a¨pиə ra¯иshənz se¯иkwəns } that light passing through a flow field of varying operator [ENG] A person whose duties include density is retarded differently through the field, the operation, adjustment, and maintenance of resulting in refraction of the rays, and in a rela- a piece of equipment. { a¨pиə ra¯dиər} tive phase shift among different rays. { a¨pиtəи operator process chart [IND ENG] A chart of the kəl flu¨ иəd ¦flo¯ mezhиərиmənt } time relationship of the movements made by optical gage [ENG] A gage that measures an the body members of a workman performing an image of an object, and does not touch the object operation. { a¨pиə ra¯dиər pra¨иsəs cha¨rt } itself. { a¨pиtəиkəl ga¯j} operator productivity [IND ENG] The ratio of optical indicator [ENG] An instrument which standard hours to actual hours for a given task. makes a plot of pressure in the cylinder of an { a¨pиə ra¯dиər pra¨dиək tivиədиe¯ } engine as a function of piston (or volume) dis- operator training [IND ENG] The process used placement, making use of magnification by opti- to prepare the employee to make his expected cal systems and photographic recording; for ex- contribution to his employer, usually involving ample, the small motion of a pressure diaphragm the teaching of specialized skills. { a¨pиə ra¯dиər may be transmitted to a mirror to deflect a beam tra¯nиiŋ } of light. { a¨pиtəиkəl inиdə ka¯dиər} operator utilization [IND ENG] The ratio of work- optical isolator See optoisolator. { a¨pиtəиkəl ¯ıи ing time to total clock time; a ratio of 1.00 (or sə la¯dиər} 100) indicates full utilization of the operator’s optical lantern [ENG] A device for projecting work time. { a¨pиə ra¯dиər yu¨ dиəlиə za¯иshən} positive transparent pictures from glass or film opisometer [ENG] An instrument for measuring onto a reflecting screen; it consists of a concen- the length of curved lines, such as those on a trated source of light, a condenser system, a map; a wheel on the instrument is traced over holder (or changer) for the slide, a projection the line. { a¨pиə sa¨mиədиər} lens, and (usually) a blower for cooling the slide. opposed engine [MECH ENG] A reciprocating Also known as slide projector. { a¨pиtəиkəl engine having the pistons on opposite sides of lanиtərn } the crankshaft, with the piston strokes on each optical lithography [ELECTR] Lithography in side working in a direction opposite to the direc- which an integrated circuit pattern is first created tion of the strokes on the other side. { ə po¯ zd on a glass plate or mask and is then transferred enиjən} to the resist by one of a number of optical tech- optical amplifier [ENG] An optoelectronic am- niques by using visible or ultraviolet light. plifier in which the electric input signal is con- { a¨pиtəиkəlli tha¨gиrəиfe¯ } verted to light, amplified as light, then converted optically coupled isolator See optoisolator. back to an electric signal for the output. { a¨pи optically pumped magnetometer [ENG] A type təиkəl amиplə fı¯иər } of magnetometer that measures total magnetic optical bench [ENG] A rigid horizontal bar or field intensity by observation of the precession track for holding optical devices in experiments; frequency of magnetic atoms, usually gaseous it allows device positions to be changed and rubidium, cesium, or helium, which are magne- adjusted easily. { a¨pиtəиkəl bench } tized by irradiation with circularly polarized light optical comparator [ENG] Any comparator in of a suitable wavelength. { a¨pиtəиkle¯ ¦pəmpt which movement of a measuring plunger tilts a magиnə ta¨mиədиər} small mirror which reflects light in an optical optical mask [ELECTR] A thin sheet of metal or system. Also known as visual comparator. other substance containing an open pattern, { a¨pиtəиkəlkəm parиədиər} used to suitably expose to light a photoresistive optical coupler See optoisolator. { a¨pиtəиkəl substance overlaid on a semiconductor or other kəpиlər} surface to form an integrated circuit. { a¨pиtəи optical coupling [ELECTR] Coupling between kəl mask } two circuits by means of a light beam or light optical microphone [ENG ACOUS] A micro- pipe having transducers at opposite ends, to iso- phone in which the motion of a membrane is late the circuits electrically. { a¨pиtəиkəl kəpи detected using a light beam reflected from it, liŋ } either with the aid of an interferometer or by optical direction and ranging See OPDAR. { a¨pи detecting the deflection of the beam. { ¦a¨pиtəи təиkəldi rekиshən ən ra¯njиiŋ }kəl mı¯иkrə fo¯ n} optical-fiber sensor [ENG] An instrument in optical proximity sensor [ENG] A device that which the physical quantity to be measured is uses the principle of triangulation of reflected made to modulate the intensity, spectrum, infrared or visible light to measure small dis- phase, or polarization of light from a light-emit- tances in a robotic system. { a¨pиtəиkəl pra¨k ting diode or laser diode traveling through an simиədиe¯ senиsər} optical fiber; the modulated light is detected by a optical pyrometer [ENG] An instrument which
382
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. orbital angular momentum
determines the temperature of a very hot surface algorithm which generates the best estimate of from its incandescent brightness; the image of a dynamical variable at a certain time based on the surface is focused in the plane of an electri- all available data, both past and future. { a¨pи cally heated wire, and current through the wire təиməl smu¨ thиər} is adjusted until the wire blends into the image optimization [SYS ENG] 1. Broadly, the efforts of the surface. Also known as disappearing fila- and processes of making a decision, a design, ment pyrometer. { a¨pиtəиkəlpı¯ ra¨mиədиər } or a system as perfect, effective, or functional as optical radar See OPDAR. { a¨pиtəиkəl ra¯ da¨r} possible. 2. Narrowly, the specific methodol- optical rangefinder [ENG] An optical instru- ogy, techniques, and procedures used to decide ment for measuring distance, usually from its on the one specific solution in a defined set position to a target point, by measuring the angle of possible alternatives that will best satisfy a between rays of light from the target, which enter selected criterion. Also known as system opti- the rangefinder through the windows spaced mization. { a¨pиtəиmə za¯иshən} apart, the distance between the windows being optimizing control function [CONT SYS] That termed the baselength of the rangefinder; the level in the functional decomposition of a large- two types are coincidence and stereoscopic. scale control system which determines the nec- { a¨pиtəиkəl ra¯nj fı¯ndиər } essary relationships among the variables of the optical recording [ENG] Production of a record system to achieve an optimal, or suboptimal, by focusing on photographic paper a beam of performance based on a given approximate light whose position on the paper depends on model of the plant and its environment. { a¨pи the quantity to be measured, as in a light-beam tə mı¯zиiŋ kən tro¯ l fəŋkиshən} galvanometer. { a¨pиtəиkəlri ko˙ rdиiŋ } optimum cure [CHEM ENG] The degree of vulca- optical reflectometer [ENG] An instrument nization at which maximum desired property is which measures on surfaces the reflectivity of reached. { a¨pиtəиməm kyu˙ r} electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths in or optocoupler See optoisolator. { ¦a¨pиto¯ kəpиlər} near the visible region. { a¨pиtəиkəl re¯ flek ta¨mи optoelectronic amplifier [ENG] An amplifier in ədиər } which the input and output signals and the optical relay [ELECTR] An optoisolator in which method of amplification may be either electronic the output device is a light-sensitive switch that or optical. { ¦a¨pиto¯ иi lek tra¨nиik amиplə fı¯иər} provides the same on and off operations as the optoelectronic integration [ELECTR] A technol- contacts of a relay. { a¨pиtəиkəl re¯ la¯ } ogy that combines optical components with optical square [ENG] A surveyor’s hand instru- electronic components such as transistors on a ment used for laying of right angles; employs single wafer to obtain highly functional circuits. two mirrors at a 45Њ angle. { a¨pиtəиkəl skwer } { a¨pиto¯ iиlek¦tra¨nиik inиtə gra¯иshən} optical tracking [ENG] The determination of optoelectronic isolator See optoisolator. { ¦a¨pиto¯ и spatial positions of distant airplanes, missiles, i lek tra¨nиik ¯ıиsə la¯dиər} and artificial satellites as a function of time, or optoelectronics [ELECTR] 1. The branch of elec- the recording of engineering events, by precise tronics that deals with solid-state and other elec- time-correlated observations with various types tronic devices for generating, modulating, trans- of telescopes or ballistic cameras. { a¨pиtəиkəl mitting, and sensing electromagnetic radiation trakиiŋ } in the ultraviolet, visible-light, and infrared por- optician [ENG] A maker of optical instruments tions of the spectrum. 2. See photonics. { ¦a¨pи or lenses. { a¨p tishиən} to¯ иi lek tra¨nиiks } optimal control theory [CONT SYS] An exten- optoelectronic shutter [ENG] A shutter that sion of the calculus of variations for dynamic uses a Kerr cell to modulate a beam of light. systems with one independent variable, usually { ¦a¨pиto¯ иi lek tra¨nиik shədиər} time, in which control (input) variables are deter- optoisolator [ELECTR] A coupling device in mined to maximize (or minimize) some measure which a light-emitting diode, energized by the of the performance (output) of a system while input signal, is optically coupled to a photode- satisfying specified constraints. { a¨pиtəиməl tector such as a light-sensitive output diode, kən tro¯ l the¯иəиre¯ } transistor, or silicon controlled rectifier. Also optimal feedback control [CONT SYS] A sub- known as optical coupler; optical isolator; opti- field of optimal control theory in which the con- cally coupled isolator; optocoupler; optoelec- trol variables are determined as functions of the tronic isolator; photocoupler; photoisolator. current state of the system. { a¨pиtəиməl fe¯d{¦a¨pиto¯ ¯ıиsə la¯dиər} bak kən tro¯ l} optophone [ENG ACOUS] A device with a photo- optimal programming [CONT SYS] A subfield of electric cell to convert ordinary printed letters optimal control theory in which the control vari- into a series of sounds; used by the blind. ables are determined as functions of time for a { a¨pиtə fo¯ n} specified initial state of the system. { a¨pиtəи orange-peel bucket [DES ENG] A type of grab məl pro¯ gramиiŋ } bucket that is multileaved and generally round optimal regulator problem See linear regulator in configuration. { a¨rиinj pe¯l bəkиət} problem. { a¨pиtəиməl regиyə la¯dиər pra¨bи orbital angular momentum [MECH] The angular ləm} momentum associated with the motion of a par- optimal smoother [CONT SYS] An optimal filer ticle about an origin, equal to the cross product
383
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. orbital moment
of the position vector with the linear momentum. circle is parallel to the direction it had in the Also known as orbital momentum. { o˙ rиbədиəl preceding or initial setup, or parallel to a stand- aŋиgyəиlərmə menиtəm} ard reference line. { o˙ rиe¯иənt } orbital moment See orbital angular momentum. orientation [ENG] Establishment of the correct { o˙ rиbədиəl mo¯ иmənt } relationship in direction with reference to the orbital momentum See orbital angular momentum. points of the compass. { o˙ rиe¯иən ta¯иshən} { o˙ rиbədиəlmə menиtəm} orientation vector [MECH ENG] A vector whose orbital plane [MECH] The plane which contains direction indicates the orientation of a robot the orbit of a body or particle in a central force gripper. { o˙ rиe¯иən ta¯иshən vekиtər} field; it passes through the center of force. { o˙ rи oriented core [ENG] A core that can be posi- bədиəl pla¯n} tioned on the surface in the same way that it orbital sander [MECH ENG] An electric sander was arranged in the borehole before extraction. that moves the abrasive in an elliptical pattern. { o˙ rиe¯ entиəd ko˙ r} и ə иə и ə { o˙ r b d l san d r} orifice meter [ENG] An instrument that meas- ə и ə OR circuit See OR gate. { o˙ r s r k t} ures fluid flow by recording differential pressure order of phase transition [THERMO] A phase across a restriction placed in the flow stream transition in which there is a latent heat and an and the static or actual pressure acting on the abrupt change in properties, such as in density, system. { o˙ rиəиfəs medиər} is a first-order transition; if there is not such a orifice mixer [MECH ENG] Arrangement in change, the order of the transition is one greater which two or more liquids are pumped through than the lowest derivative of such properties with an orifice constriction to cause turbulence and respect to temperature which has a discontinu- consequent mixing action. { o˙ rиəиfəs mikиsər} ity. { o˙ rdиər əv fa¯z tran zishиən} orifice plate [DES ENG] A disk, with a hole, order point [IND ENG] The inventory level at placed in a pipeline to measure flow. { o˙ rиəи which a replenishment order must be placed. fəs pla¯t} { o˙ rdиər po˙ int } original duration [IND ENG] The initial estimate order quantity [IND ENG] The number of pieces of length of time required to complete a given ordered to replenish the inventory. { o˙ rdиər activity. { ə¦rijиənиəldə ra¯иshən} kwa¨nиədиe¯ } O ring [DES ENG] A flat ring made from syn- ordinary gear train [MECH ENG] A gear train in which all axes remain stationary relative to the thetic rubber, used as an airtight seal or a seal against high pressures. { o riŋ } frame. { o˙ rdиən erиe¯ gir tra¯n} ¯ orograph ENG A machine that records both ordnance [ENG] Military materiel, such as com- [ ] bat weapons of all kinds, with ammunition and distance and elevations as it is pushed across land surfaces; used in making topographic maps. equipment for their use, vehicles, and repair иə tools and machinery. { o˙ rdиnəns } { o˙ r graf } organic bonded wheel [DES ENG] A grinding orometer [ENG] A barometer with a scale that indicates elevation above sea level. { o˙ ra¨mи wheel in which organic bonds are used to hold ə иə the abrasive grains. { o˙ r ganиik ¦ba¨nиdəd we¯l} d r} organizational reengineering [SYS ENG] The orthometric correction [ENG] A systematic cor- study, capture, and modification of the internal rection that must be applied to a measured dif- mechanisms or functionality of existing system- ference in elevation since level surfaces at vary- ¦ и management processes and practices in an orga- ing elevations are not absolutely parallel. { o˙ r ə¦ и ə и ə nization in order to reconstitute them in a new th me trik k rek sh n} form and with new features, often to take advan- orthometric height [ENG] The distance above tage of newly emerged organizational competi- sea level measured along a plumb line. { ¦o˙ rи tiveness requirements, but without changing the thə¦meиtrik hı¯t} inherent purpose of the organization itself. orthotropic [MECH] Having elastic properties Also known as systems management reengineer- such as those of timber, that is, with consider- ing. { o˙ rиgəиnə za¯иshənиəl re¯ enиjə nirиiŋ } able variations of strength in two or more direc- organization chart [IND ENG] Graphic represen- tions perpendicular to one another. { ¦o˙ rи tation of the interrelationships within an organi- thə¦tra¨pиik } zation, depicting lines of authority and responsi- orthotropic deck [CIV ENG] A bridge deck con- bility and provisions for control. { o˙ rиgəиnə za¯и structed typically of flat steel plate and longitudi- shən cha¨rt } nal and transverse ribs; functions in carrying traf- OR gate [ELECTR] A multiple-input gate circuit fic and acting as top flanges of floor beams. whose output is energized when any one or more { ¦o˙ rиthə¦tra¨pиik dek } of the inputs is in a prescribed state; performs oscillating conveyor [MECH ENG] A conveyor the function of the logical inclusive-or; used in on which pulverized solids are moved by a pan digital computers. Also known as OR circuit. or trough bed attached to a vibrator or oscillating { o˙ r ga¯t} mechanism. Also known as vibrating conveyor. orient [ENG] 1. To place or set a map so that { a¨sиə la¯dиiŋ kən va¯иər} the map symbols are parallel with their corres- oscillating granulator [MECH ENG] Solids size- ponding ground features. 2. To turn a transit reducer in which particles are broken by a set of so that the direction of the 0Њ line of its horizontal oscillating bars arranged in cylindrical form over
384
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. output-meter adapter
a screen of suitable mesh. { a¨sиə la¯dиiŋ granи two constant-volume phases. Also known as yə la¯dиər} spark-ignition combustion cycle. { a¨dиo¯ sı¯и oscillating screen [MECH ENG] Solids separa- kəl} tor in which the sifting screen oscillates at 300 Otto engine [MECH ENG] An internal combus- to 400 revolutions per minute in a plane parallel tion engine that operates on the Otto cycle, to the screen. { a¨sиə la¯dиiŋ skre¯n} where the phases of suction, compression, com- oscillation See cycling. { a¨sиə la¯иshən} bustion, expansion, and exhaust occur sequen- oscillator [ELECTR] 1. An electronic circuit that tially in a four-stroke-cycle or two-stroke-cycle converts energy from a direct-current source to reciprocating mechanism. { a¨dиo¯ enиjən} a periodically varying electric output. 2. The Otto-Lardillon method [MECH] A method of stage of a superheterodyne receiver that gener- computing trajectories of missiles with low ve- ates a radio-frequency signal of the correct fre- locities (so that drag is proportional to the veloc- quency to mix with the incoming signal and pro- ity squared) and quadrant angles of departure duce the intermediate-frequency value of the re- that may be high, in which exact solutions of the ceiver. 3. The stage of a transmitter that generates the carrier frequency of the station equations of motion are arrived at by numerical и integration and are then tabulated. { a¨dиo¯ la¨rи or some fraction of the carrier frequency. { a¨s иə ə la¯dиər} de¯ yo˙ n meth d} oscillatory circuit [ELEC] Circuit containing in- ounce [MECH] 1. A unit of mass in avoirdupois ductance or capacitance, or both, and resistance, measure equal to 1/16 pound or to approxi- connected so that a voltage impulse will produce mately 0.0283495 kilogram. Abbreviated oz. an output current which periodically reverses or 2. A unit of mass in either troy or apothecaries’ oscillates. { a¨sиəиlə to˙ rиe¯ sərиkət} measure equal to 480 grains or exactly oscillistor [ELECTR] A bar of semiconductor 0.0311034768 kilogram. Also known as apothe- material, such as germanium, that will oscillate caries’ ounce or troy ounce (abbreviations are much like a quartz crystal when it is placed in a oz ap and oz t in the United States, and oz apoth magnetic field and is carrying direct current that and oz tr in the United Kingdom). { au˙ ns } flows parallel to the magnetic field. { ¦a¨sи ouncedal [MECH] A unit of force equal to the ə lisиtər} force which will impart an acceleration of 1 foot oscillogram [ENG] The permanent record pro- per second per second to a mass of 1 ounce; duced by an oscillograph, or a photograph of the equal to 0.0086409346485 newton. { au˙ nи trace produced by an oscilloscope. { ə silи sə dal } ə gram } outfall [CIV ENG] The point at which a sewer or oscillograph [ENG] A measurement device for drainage channel discharges to a body of wa- determining waveform by recording the instanta- ter. { au˙ t fo˙ l} neous values of a quantity such as voltage as a outflow [CHEM ENG] Flow of fluid product out function of time. { ə silиə graf } of a process facility. { au˙ t flo¯ } Ostwald process [CHEM ENG] An industrial outgassing [ENG] The release of adsorbed or preparation of nitric acid by the oxidation of occluded gases or water vapor, usually by heat- ammonia; the oxidation takes place in succes- ing, as from a vacuum tube or other vacuum sive stages to nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and system. { au˙ t gasиiŋ } nitric acid; a catalyst of platinum gauze is used outlet ventilator See louver. { au˙ t let ventи and high temperatures are needed. { o˙ st va¨lt əl adиər} и ə ¯ pra¨ s s} output [ELECTR] 1. The current, voltage, power, Ostwald’s adsorption isotherm [THERMO] An driving force, or information which a circuit or equation stating that at a constant temperature device delivers. 2. Terminals or other places the weight of material adsorbed on an adsorbent where a circuit or device can deliver current, volt- dispersed through a gas or solution, per unit age, power, driving force, or information. weight of adsorbent, is proportional to the { au˙ t pu˙ t} concentration of the adsorbent raised to some output indicator [ENG] A meter or other device constant power. { o˙ st va¨lts ad so¨ rpиshən ¯ıиsə thərm } that is connected to a radio receiver to indicate variations in output signal strength for align- Ostwald viscometer [ENG] A viscometer in ment and other purposes, without indicating the which liquid is drawn into the higher of two glass и ə иə bulbs joined by a length of capillary tubing, and exact value of output. { au˙ t pu˙ t in d ka¯d r} the time for its meniscus to fall between calibra- output-limited [ENG] Restricted by the need to tion marks above and below the upper bulb is await completion of an output operation, as in compared with that for a liquid of known viscos- process control or data processing. { au˙ t pu˙ t иə иə ity. { o˙ st va¨lt vi ska¨mиədиər} lim d d} OTEC See ocean thermal energy conversion. output meter [ENG] An alternating-current volt- { o¯ tek } meter connected to the output of a receiver or otter See paravane. { a¨dиər} amplifier to measure output signal strength in Otto cycle [THERMO] A thermodynamic cycle volume units or decibels. { au˙ t pu˙ t me¯dиər} for the conversion of heat into work, consisting output-meter adapter [ENG] Device that can be of two isentropic phases interspersed between slipped over the plate prong of the output tube
385
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. output power
of a radio receiver to provide a conventional ter- overflow channel [CIV ENG] An artificial water- minal to which an output meter can be con- way for conducting water away from an overflow- nected during alignment. { au˙ t pu˙ t me¯dиər ing structure such as a reservoir or canal. { o¯ и ə dapиtər} vər flo¯ chanиəl} output power [ELEC] Power delivered by a sys- overflow dam [CIV ENG] A dam built with a crest tem or transducer to its load. { au˙ t pu˙ t pau˙ и to allow the overflow of water. Also known as ər} overfall dam; spillway dam. { o¯ иvər flo¯ dam } output shaft [MECH ENG] The shaft that trans- overflow groove [ENG] Small groove on a plas- fers motion from the prime mover to the driven tics mold that allows material to flow freely, to machines. { au˙ t pu˙ t shaft } prevent weld lines and low density in the finished output standard See standard time. { au¨ t pu˙ t product and to dispose of excess material. { o¯ и stanиdərd } vər flo¯ gru¨ v} outrigger [ENG] A steel beam or lattice girder overflow pipe [ENG] Open pipe protruding extending from a crane to provide stability by above the surface of a liquid in a container, such иə widening the base. { au˙ t rig r} as a distillation or absorption column or a toilet outside caliper [DES ENG] A caliper having two tank, to control the height of the liquid; excess curved legs which point toward each other; used liquid enters the pipe’s open end and drains for measuring outside dimensions of a work- away. { o¯ иvər flo¯ pı¯p} piece. { aut sıd kalиəиpər} ˙ ¯ overgear [MECH ENG] A gear train in which the outside diameter [DES ENG] The outer diame- angular velocity ratio of the driven shaft to driv- ter of a pipe, including the wall thickness; usually ing shaft is greater than unity, as when the pro- measured with calipers. Abbreviated OD. pelling shaft of an automobile revolves faster { au˙ t sı¯ddı¯ amиədиər} than the engine shaft. { o¯ иvər gir } oven [ENG] A heated enclosure for baking, overhang [BUILD] The distance measured hori- heating, or drying. { əvиən} zontally that a roof projects beyond a wall. overall plate efficiency [CHEM ENG] For a spec- { o¯ иvər haŋ } ified liquid-mixture separation in a fractionation overhaul ENG A maintenance procedure for (or distillation) tower, the ratio of actual to theo- [ ] machinery involving disassembly, the inspecting, retical plates (or trays) required. { ¦o¯ иvər¦o˙ l pla¯t refinishing, adjusting, and replacing of parts, and i fishиənиse¯ } reassembly and testing. { o¯ иvər ho˙ l} overarm [MECH ENG] One of the adjustable supports for the end of a milling-cutter arbor overhead [CHEM ENG] Pertaining to fluid (gas farthest from the machine spindle. { o¯ и or liquid) effluent from the top of a process ves- vər a¨rm } sel, such as a distillation column. See fixed cost. { oиvər hed } overbreak [CIV ENG] Rock excavated in excess ¯ overhead camshaft [MECH ENG] A camshaft of the neat lines of a tunnel or cutting. Also и known as backbreak. { o¯ иvər bra¯k} mounted above the cylinder head. { o¯ vər hed kam shaft } overcoating [ENG] Extruding a plastic web be- и ə yond the edge of the substrate web in extrusion overhead cost See fixed cost. { o¯ v r hed ko˙ st } coating. { o¯ иvər ko¯ dиiŋ } overhead shovel [MECH ENG] A tractor which overcuring [CHEM ENG] A condition resulting digs with a shovel at its front end, swings the from vulcanizing longer than necessary to shovel rearward overhead, and dumps the shovel и ə ə иə achieve full development of physical strength; at its rear end. { o¯ v r hed sh v l} causes softness or brittleness and impaired age- overhead traveling crane [MECH ENG] A resisting quality of the material. { o¯ иvər kyu˙ rи hoisting machine with a bridgelike structure iŋ } moved on wheels along overhead trackage which и overcurrent protection See overload protection. is usually fixed to the building structure. { o¯ { ¦o¯ иvər¦kəиrənt prə tekиshən} vər hed ¦travиəиliŋ kra¯n} overdrilling [ENG] The act or process of drilling overhead-valve engine [MECH ENG] A four- a run or length of borehole greater than the core- stroke-cycle internal combustion engine having capacity length of the core barrel, resulting in its valves located in the cylinder head, operated loss of the core. { ¦o¯ иvər drilиiŋ } by pushrods that actuate rocker arms. Abbrevi- overdrive [MECH ENG] An automobile engine ated OHV engine. Also known as valve-in-head device that lowers the gear ratio, thereby reduc- engine. { o¯ иvər hed ¦valv enиjən} ing fuel consumption. { o¯ иvər drı¯v} overlap radar [ENG] Radar located in one sec- overfall dam See overflow dam. { o¯ иvər fo˙ l dam } tor whose area of useful radar coverage includes overfire draft [MECH ENG] The air pressure in a portion of another sector. { o¯ иvər lap ra¯ da¨r} a boiler furnace during occurrence of the main overlay [CIV ENG] A repair topping of asphalt flame. { ¦o¯ иvər¦fı¯r draft } or concrete placed on a worn roadway. [ENG] overflow [CIV ENG] Any device or structure that 1. Nonwoven fibrous mat (glass or other fiber) conducts excess water or sewage from a conduit used as the top layer in a cloth or mat lay-up or container. { o¯ иvər flo¯ } to give smooth finish to plastic products or to overflow capacity [ENG] Capacity of a con- minimize the fibrous pattern on the surface. tainer measured to its top, or to the point of Also known as surfacing mat. 2. An ornamental overflow. { o¯ иvər flo¯ kə pasиədиe¯ } covering, as of wood or metal. { o¯ иvər la¯ }
386
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. oxide passivation
overload [CIV ENG] A load on a structure that overshot wheel [MECH ENG] A horizontal-shaft is greater than that for which the structure was waterwheel with buckets around the circumfer- designed. [ELECTR] A load greater than that ence; the weight of water pouring into the buck- which a device is designed to handle; may cause ets from the top rotates the wheel. { o¯ и overheating of power-handling components and vər sha¨t we¯l} distortion in signal circuits. { o¯ иvər lo¯ d} oversite concrete [BUILD] A layer of concrete overload capacity [ELEC] Current, voltage, or that is installed below a slab or other type of power level beyond which permanent damage floor surface. { ¦o¯ иvər sı¯t ka¨ŋ kre¯t} occurs to the device considered. { o¯ иvər lo¯ d overspeed governor [MECH ENG] A governor kə pasиədиe¯ } that stops the prime mover when speed is exces- overload level [ELEC] Level above which opera- sive. { o¯ иvər spe¯d gəvиəиnər} tion ceases to be satisfactory as a result of signal overspin [MECH] In a spin-stabilized projectile, distortion, overheating, damage, and so forth. the overstability that results when the rate of { o¯ иvər lo¯ d levиəl} spin is too great for the particular design of pro- overload protection [ELEC] Effect of a device jectile, so that its nose does not turn downward operative on excessive current, but not necessar- as it passes the summit of the trajectory and ily on short circuit, to cause and maintain the follows the descending branch. Also known as interruption of current flow to the device gov- overstabilization. { o¯ иvər spin } erned. [MECH ENG] A safeguard against the oversquare engine [MECH ENG] An engine with application of excessive force against the wrist bore diameter greater than the stroke length. socket or end effector of a robot. Also known { o¯ иvər skwer enиjən} as overcurrent protection. { o¯ иvər lo¯ dprə tekи overstabilization See overspin. { ¦o¯ иvər sta¯иbəи shən} lə za¯иshən} overoccult [ENG] The action of a coronagraph oversteer [MECH ENG] The tendency of an au- that occults a region whose diameter is signifi- tomotive vehicle to steer into a turn to a sharper cantly greater than that of the photosphere and degree than was intended by the driver; some- thereby cuts off the inner corona from observa- times causes the vehicle’s rear end to swing out. tion, as may be necessary for a coronagraph { o¯ иvər stir } aboard a spacecraft due to limitations on space- overstressing [ENG] Cyclically stressing a ma- craft control. { o¯ иvərиə kəlt } terial at a level higher than that used at the end overpass [CIV ENG] 1. A grade separation in of a fatigue test. { ¦o¯ иvər¦stresиiŋ } which traffic at the higher level is raised, and overtone [MECH] One of the normal modes of traffic at the lower level moves at approximately vibration of a vibrating system whose frequency its original level. 2. The upper level at such a is greater than that of the fundamental mode. grade separation. { o¯ иvər pas } { o¯ иvər to¯ n} overpotential See overvoltage. { ¦o¯ иvərиpə tenи overtopping [CIV ENG] The flow of water over a chəl } dam or embankment. { o¯ иvər ta¨pиiŋ } override [CONT SYS] To cancel the influence of overturning [CIV ENG] Failure of a retaining wall an automatic control by means of a manual con- caused by the soil pressure overcoming the sta- trol. { o¯ иvə rı¯d} bility of the structure. { ¦o¯ иvər¦tərnиiŋ } overriding process control [CONT SYS] Process overvoltage [ELEC] A voltage greater than that control in which any one of several controllers at which a device or circuit is designed to oper- associated with one control valve can be made ate. Also known as overpotential. [ELECTR] to override another in accordance with a priority The amount by which the applied voltage ex- requirement of the process. { o¯ иvə rı¯dиiŋ pra¨и ceeds the Geiger threshold in a radiation counter səskən tro¯ l} tube. { ¦o¯ иvər¦vo¯ lиtij } overrun [CIV ENG] A cleared area extending be- overwind [ENG] To wind a spring, rope, or cable yond the end of a runway. { o¯ иvə rən} too tightly or too far. { ¦o¯ иvər¦wı¯nd } overrunning clutch [MECH ENG] A clutch that Ovshinsky effect [ELECTR] The characteristic of allows the driven shaft to turn freely only under a special thin-film solid-state switch that re- certain conditions; for example, a clutch in an sponds identically to both positive and negative engine starter that allows the crank to turn freely polarities so that current can be made to flow when the engine attempts to run. { o¯ иvə rənи in both directions equally. { o¯ v shinиske¯ i fekt } iŋ kləch } oxidation pond [CIV ENG] A shallow lagoon or oversail [BUILD] To project beyond the general basin in which wastewater is purified by sedi- face of a structure. { o¯ иvər sa¯l} mentation and aerobic and anaerobic treatment. overshoot [ENG] 1. An initial transient re- { a¨kиsə da¯иshən pa¨nd } sponse to a unidirectional change in input which oxide isolation [ELECTR] Isolation of the ele- exceeds the steady-state response. 2. The max- ments of an integrated circuit by forming a layer imum amount by which this transient response of silicon oxide around each element. { a¨k sı¯d exceeds the steady-state response. { o¯ и ¯ıиsə la¯иshən} vər shu¨ t} oxide passivation [ELECTR] Passivation of a overshot [ENG] 1. A fishing tool for recovering semiconductor surface by producing a layer of lost drill pipe or casing. 2. See bullet. { o¯ и an insulating oxide on the surface. { a¨k sı¯d vər sha¨t} pasиəиva¯иshən}
387
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. oxo process
oxo process [CHEM ENG] Catalytic process for atomized kerosine for combustion. { a¨kиsəиjən production of alcohols, aldehydes, and other ox- kerиə se¯n bərnиər} ygenated organic compounds by reaction of ole- oxygen mask [ENG] A mask that covers the fin vapors with carbon monoxide and hydrogen. nose and mouth and is used to administer oxy- { a¨kиso¯ pra¨иsəs} gen. { a¨kиsəиjən mask } oxyacetylene cutting [ENG] The flame cutting oxygen point [THERMO] The temperature at of ferrous metals in which the preheating of the which liquid oxygen and its vapor are in equilib- metal is accomplished with a flame produced by rium, that is, the boiling point of oxygen, at an oxyacetylene torch. Also known as acetylene standard atmospheric pressure; it is taken as a cutting. { ¦a¨kиse¯иə sedиəl e¯n ¦kədиiŋ } fixed point on the International Practical Temper- oxyacetylene torch [ENG] A torch that mixes ature Scale of 1968, at Ϫ182.962ЊC. { a¨kиsəи acetylene and oxygen to produce a hot flame for jən po˙ int } the welding or cutting of metal. Also known as oxyl process [CHEM ENG] Modified Fischer- acetylene torch. { ¦a¨kиse¯иə sedиəl e¯n ¦to˙ rch } Tropsch process used to make alcohols, other oxyamination See ammoxidation. { ¦a¨kиse¯ amи oxygenated compounds, paraffins, and olefin hy- ə na¯иshən} drocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydro- oxygen bomb calorimeter [ENG] Device to gen. { a¨kиsəl pra¨иsəs} measure heat of combustion; the sample is oz See ounce. burned with oxygen in a closed vessel, and the oz ap See ounce. temperature rise is noted. { a¨kиsəиjən ba¨m oz apoth See ounce. kalиə rimиədиər} ozone generator ENG Apparatus that con- oxygen cutting [ENG] Any of several types of [ ] cutting processes in which metal is removed with verts oxygen, O2, into ozone, O3, by subjecting the oxygen to an electric-brush discharge. Also or without a flux by a chemical reaction of the иə иə base metal with oxygen at high temperatures. known as ozonizer. { o¯ zo¯ n jen ra¯d r} иə { a¨kиsəиjən kədиiŋ } ozonizer See ozone generator. { o¯ zo¯ nı¯z r} oxygen-kerosine burner [ENG] Liquid-fuel de- oz t See ounce. vice using a mixture of oxygen and vaporized or oz tr See ounce.
388
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.