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Elihu Katz Papers MS.01 Finding Aid Prepared by Jordan Mitchell, Based in Part on Previous Work by Deborah Lubken and Jefferson Pooley

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Elihu Katz Papers MS.01 Finding Aid Prepared by Jordan Mitchell, Based in Part on Previous Work by Deborah Lubken and Jefferson Pooley Elihu Katz papers MS.01 Finding aid prepared by Jordan Mitchell, based in part on previous work by Deborah Lubken and Jefferson Pooley. Last updated on March 27, 2018. University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School for Communication Library Archives 2016.11.16 Elihu Katz papers Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................4 Scope and Contents....................................................................................................................................... 7 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 8 Related Materials........................................................................................................................................... 8 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................9 Collection Inventory.................................................................................................................................... 11 - Page 2 - Elihu Katz papers Summary Information Repository University of Pennsylvania: Annenberg School for Communication Library Archives Creator Katz, Elihu, 1926- Title Elihu Katz papers Call number MS.01 Date [bulk] 1980-2014 Date [inclusive] 1948-2014 Extent 16.3 linear feet (39 boxes and 1 artifact box) Language English Language note: The bulk of the material is in English; however, significant portions are in Hebrew. There are also instances of Chinese, French, German, Japanese, and Portuguese. Abstract: Elihu Katz (born 1926) is an American Israeli sociologist and media scholar who has made substantial contributions to the field of communication, specifically in the areas of media effects, diffusion, uses and gratifications and reception, and media events. This primary portion of Katz’s papers documents his scholarly and professional activities at the Guttman Institute of Applied Social Research, and Annenberg Schools for Communication at the University of California and University of Pennsylvania, respectively. Materials pertaining to the University of Chicago, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and the Israel Broadcasting Authority are also present, but less substantially so. The collection is divided into ten series and includes correspondence; drafts of talks, - Page 3 - Elihu Katz papers papers, articles, and books; research notes; conference materials; teaching materials and course documents; public opinion studies and reports; Israeli broadcasting materials; and biographical documents. Cite as: Elihu Katz papers, 1948-2014, MS.01, Annenberg School for Communication Library Archives, University of Pennsylvania Biography/History Elihu Katz is an American Israeli sociologist and media scholar who has made substantial contributions to the field of communication, specifically in the areas of media effects, diffusion, uses and gratifications and reception, and media events. Katz was born on May 31, 1926 in Brooklyn, New York to parents of Eastern European Jewish descent. As a child he attended the Yeshiva of Flatbush, where he learned Hebrew at age 6. Katz’s earliest aspiration was to be a circus manager, but after discovering that it would be nearly impossible to wrangle lions, tigers, bears, and observe the Sabbath, he abandoned his big top dreams, focusing instead on becoming a journalist. It was in pursuit of this goal that Katz, following his graduation from Midwood High School in 1944, began a BA at Columbia College in Manhattan. His studies were interrupted, however, by a stint in the United States Army from 1944-1946, during which he was trained as a Japanese interpreter at the University of Chicago, and stationed briefly overseas. Returning to Columbia upon the conclusion of his military service, Katz completed his undergraduate degree in 1948. He continued at Columbia as a graduate student, having been drawn to a program in the Department of Sociology, which had strengths in public opinion and communication and was headed by two men preeminent in the sociological field: Paul F. Lazarsfeld (Katz’s soon-to-be mentor), and Robert K. Merton. Katz took a concurrent job at the affiliated Bureau for Applied Social Research, an arrangement then common. Leo Lowenthal of Frankfurt School renown was also involved with the Department, preparing for his position as Research Director of the Voice of America. As Lowenthal’s student, Katz obtained his MA in 1950 with a thesis titled The Happiness Game, which dealt with fan mail to a radio personality. Around this time, Katz met Ruth Torgovnik—a young musicologist and Israeli cultural emissary— through the course of his involvement with Columbia’s Intercollegiate Zionist Federation of America. They would marry in 1951, and have two children, Matthew and Nathaniel. - Page 4 - Elihu Katz papers Following his work with Lowenthal, Katz inherited an unfinished study by Lazarsfeld and others born of efforts that culminated in 1944’s The People’s Choice. Therein, Lazarsfeld had suggested the highly influential model of a “two-step flow of communication,” which challenged the popular assumption that the media produced powerful effects in an atomized, passive mass audience, and instead asserted the importance of person-to-person exchange and agency in deliberative processes. Katz’s analysis and shaping of the data from the incomplete, follow-up study led not only to his dissertation, but also the publication—coauthored with Lazarsfeld—of Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication in 1955. The book proved monumental to the field, and its focus on the juncture of mass media and interpersonal communication would be a prime conceptual mover in Katz’s career. In 1954, Katz officially left the Bureau. Like many of his Columbia colleagues, he took a position in the University of Chicago’s Department of Sociology. Soon thereafter, in addition to Chicago, Katz assumed a post at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1956, where he set up the Communications Institute with Michael Gurevitch and Dina Goren in 1965. He also assumed a role in the mid-1960s at the Israel Institute of Applied Social Research (IIASR), which was modeled after Lazarsfeld’s Columbia Bureau. At Chicago, Katz proceeded in exploring research domains suggested by the implications of Personal Influence—the microcosm of decision-making giving way to the diffusion of influence amongst and across groups. Looking at the importance of both the media and interpersonal networks, Katz, along with James Coleman and Herbert Menzel, tracked the adoption of a new drug by various communities of physicians. The researchers’ efforts eventually resulted in the 1966 publication of Medical Innovation: A Diffusion Study. Katz then extended his treatment of spreading novelty from individuals to include municipalities’ acceptance of fluoridation, coming out in 1969 with The Politics of Community Conflict: The Fluoridation Decision, alongside coauthors Robert Crain and Donald Rosenthal. Much of Katz’s work in Jerusalem during this period was motivated by the huge influx of immigrants to Israel at the end of the 1950s, and the difficulties of productive intercultural negotiation. Together with Brenda Danet, Katz studied, among other things, the interactions of passengers and bus drivers, appeals to customs agents, and the justifications offered by supplicants when asking favors of God in prayer. These projects, and similar undertakings by others, are laid out in the 1973 Bureaucracy and the Public: A Reader in Official-Client Relations. Due in large part to certain communication deficiencies foregrounded during the course of the Six-Day War, Israeli officials decided in 1967 to expand the nation’s broadcast presence beyond radio. Katz, ever peregrinatious, took leave of his Jerusalem and Chicago academic appointments for two years in order to concentrate the whole of his energies on heading Israel’s nascent television service. Although his tenure was brief, the fecund ground it sewed for him would yield interesting opportunities in the future. He left the service in 1969, returning to the Hebrew University and IIASR—but not Chicago—where he began studying Israeli secularization and leisure. As a direct result of his television work, Katz was asked by the BBC in 1975 to appraise the state of broadcasting in England, and produced the 1977 report Social Research on Broadcasting: Proposals for Further Development. The same year, in collaboration with George Wedell, Katz published Broadcasting in the Third World: Promise and Performance, on the politically idealistic establishment, and ensuing diversionary ramifications, of television projects in developing countries. This continued involvement with TV, especially his BBC report, brought Katz to the attention of the University of - Page 5 - Elihu Katz papers Southern California’s Annenberg School for Communication, and in 1978 he began teaching there— commuting between Los Angeles and Jerusalem. All the while Katz had continued pursuing issues raised by his work with Lazarsfeld—specifically, the empowerment of the audience at the expense of omnipotent mass media. Now that viewers and listeners had been reactivated,
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