The Experience of Crusading, Volume Two: Defining the Crusader Kingdom Edited by Peter Edbury and Jonathan Phillips Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-78151-0 - The Experience of Crusading, Volume Two: Defining the Crusader Kingdom Edited by Peter Edbury and Jonathan Phillips Index More information

Index

Abaqa, Ilkhan of Peria, 197, 198, 203 Alexandria ‘Abbasid Caliphate, 207, 210, 227 raids, 264 Abd al-Lat¯ıf al-Baghdadi, 222 siege, 102, 110 Abu¯ al-Faraj. See Bar Hebraeus trade, 234–5, 236, 238, 239 Abu¯ al-Fida,¯ 216, 217–18, 222, 226 Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor, 13 See Annales Muslemici link with La Charite-sur-Loire,´ 22–4 AbuS¯ aama,¯ 191–2, 219, 220, 222, 226 and Odo Arpin, 12, 13, 14–18, 25, 26–8 Academie´ des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, 221, and religious houses, 26 226 Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor, 98 Acciaiuoli banking house, 266 Alexius the Protosebastus, 98, 102, 106, 111 Achardus, Abbot of Templum Domini, 49, 51, Alfonso the Magnanimous, King of Aragon and 53–4 Naples, 276, 282, 283, 293–4, 296 Acre, 64, 67, 126, 130, 131, 132–3, 134, 264 Alice, Princess of Antioch artistic centre, 124–5 attempts to seize power, 29, 32–41, 43, 46 bishop, see Florence, James of Vitry character, 29 capital of Kingdom of Jerusalem, 161 impact, 46–7 capture (1291), 228, 248, 257, 264 marriage, 30–1 churches, 177 origins, 30 Genoese trade, 263 status, 31, 41–3 parishes, 170 Alvered of Milly, 62 tariffs, 238 Amalfi, 235, 253 trade with Constantinople, 251–2 Amalfitans, 233–4 Venetians in, 240–56 Amalric, King of Jerusalem, 51, 52, 61, 67 War of Saint Sabas, 240–3, 245–7 accession to throne, 71 Adalia, 194, 269 campaigns in Egypt, 61, 236 Adana, 47 charter, 60–1 ‘Adasiya, 169 reign, 72–5 al-Afdal, Sultan of Egypt, 234 treatment of vassals, 142, 151 agriculture, 267–8 Amalric, Lord of Tyre, 271 Ahamant, 68 Amari, Michele, 275, 279, 284 Aime´ of Monte Cassino, 234 Amman, 72 Ain Mousa, 68 Anatolia, 13–14 Albaro, Quilico de, 292 Anconitans, 266–7 Alberic, Bishop of Ostia, 48 Andrea Bonaiuti da Forenze, 84 Albert of Aachen, 12, 13, 14–18 Andrea Dolfin, 243–4, 245 Albert of Corsica, 79 Andrea Vassano, 248–9, 250 Albert of Vercelli, 132 Andreas of Bando, 272 Albertino de Plaça, 253–6 Andrew Bosatus, 272–3 Aleppo, 202, 204 Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, Alexander III, Pope, 91, 94 105 Alexander IV, Pope, 241 Anna Comnena, 17

298

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-78151-0 - The Experience of Crusading, Volume Two: Defining the Crusader Kingdom Edited by Peter Edbury and Jonathan Phillips Index More information

Index 299

Annales Muslemici, 217, 219 Aye d’Avignon, 190–1 Ansaldo de Grimaldis, 272 Ayyubid dynasty, 226–7 Anselm de Parenti, 62 Azerbaijan, 211 Anselm of Bethlehem, Bishop, 49 Anselmo Guidonis, 272 Babilanus of Negrono, 271 Antioch, 105, 234 Baghdad, sack of, 202 Prince, see Bohemond I, Bohemond II, Baghras, 192, 194 Bohemond III, Raymond, Roger, Tancred See Gaston Princess, see Alice, Constance Baha’¯ al-D¯ın ibn Shaddad,¯ 218, 222, 226, 230 Patriarch, see Bernard, Ralph of Domfront Vita et res gestae sultani Saladini, 218, 219 Antonino Amico, 54–5 al-Ba’ina, 173 Antonio di Tacio Baisan, 168 Appiano family, 275, 276, 280–1 See Bethsan Appiano, Caterina d’, 293 Bait Jibrin, 169, 173 Appiano, Emanuele d’, 293 Bait Suriq, 172 Appiano, Gherardo d’, 275, 280–2 Balash, 202 Appiano, Jacopo II d’, 281 Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem, 14, 20, 25, 36, 142, Appiano, Jacopo III d’, 284 171 Appiano, Jacopo IV d’, 280 Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, 29, 30, 32, 65, 172 Appiano, Paola Colonna d’, 281, 289 alliance with Chavli of Mosul, 35 Appiano, Rinaldo d’, 289 and daughter Alice of Antioch, 36 apricots, 233, 239 death, 37–9 Apulia, 258 policy in Antioch, 30–1 Ariosto, 223 Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem, 42, 50, 61, 66–8, Ariq Boke,¨ 201 71 aristocracy, 155 Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem, 94, 95, 96–7, Armenia, 253, 256, 271 106–7, 109 Armenians, 162, 163–4, 209–10 Baldwin of Ibelin, Lord of Ramla, 195 King, see Hehum I Balian of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut, 138 arms, 238 Balian, Lord of Ibelin, 138 Arnaldo da Saint-Avit, 242–3, 252 Banco di San Georgio, 276 Arnaldus Fornarius, 55, 56 banking houses, 258, 266 Arnau Dariu, 262 Banti, O., 278 Arnulf of Chocques, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 167 Banyas, 61, 68, 105, 174 art Bar Hebraeus, 199, 200, 201, 202–3, 205, 208, Byzantine, 128 222, 230 Byzantine inﬂuence, 133 Chronography, 205 crusader ateliers, 124 Historia compendia dynastarium, 135, 157, 217, crusader fresco paintings, 129 219 crusader icons, 125, 126 Specimen Historiae Arabum, 217 Freiburg Leaf. See Freiburg Leaf Bara, 172 Arzghan, 38 Barbary tax, 291 Ascalon, 64, 83, 173, 176, 177 Barber, Malcolm, 264 siege of, 61, 68, 71 Bardi banking house, 258, 266 al-Ashraf Khal¯ıl, Sultan, 228 Bardi, Bartolomeo, 294, 295 Assassins, 224 Barisan, Lord of Ibelin, 64, 67, 172 assises, 151 Barletta, 258 Atabaks, 229 Barone Manuel, 264 Atﬁh, 61 baronies, 64, 155 al-Atharib, 47 Barthel´ emy´ of Mur, 25–6 Atiyah, A. S., 226 Bartholomew of Caxina, 273 Augustinian order, 132–3 Bartholomew of Jacquinto, 258 Ayalon, David, 225 Bartolomeo Morosini, 243 Ayas, 253, 255–6 Baybars, Sultan of Egypt, 210 See Laiazzo Bayt ‘Ar¯ıf , 169

300 Index

Beirut, 164, 173–4, 176, 177 Geniza, 233 Lords of, see Balian, John camlet, 259 Belengerius Goamir, 261 caravans, 69 Belengerius of Cardona, 261 Carbonari, 224 Benedetto of Mar, 269 Carlo the Pirate, 297 Benedict XI, Pope, 264 Carlyle, Thomas, 228 Benibrac, 195 carobs, 273 Benincasa, 79, 80–90 Cassina, Batista de, 292 Benjamin of Tudela, 175 Castiglione della Pescaia, 294 Berke, 210–11 Castrum Regis, 172 Bernard Augustino, 261 Catalans, 260, 268 Bernard Guglielmo, Count of Emprenza, 260–1 merchants, 236 Bernard Marchetus, 260–1 piracy, 282, 288, 293, 297 Bernard, Patriarch of Antioch, 34, 41, 43, 44 trade with Hospitallers, 260, 262–3 Bernardo Maragone, 80 trade with Templars, 260–2 Bernardus Bursarius, 183, 184, 186 cathedrals, 166, 167–8 Berry, 12, 25, 28 Caturegli, Canon Natale, 90–1 Berthereau, George Franc¸ois, 219–20, 221, 222 Cecilia of France, Countess of Tripoli, 31 Berthono of Sagona, 265–6 Cecilia of Le Bourcq, 31, 42 Bertrame d’Orlacho, 259 cereals, 258, 260, 266, 272 Bertrand of Blancfort, Templar Master, 72–4 Cesaretti, A., 277 Beteligene, 71 Chahin, Joseph, 219 Bethel, 171 Champagne, 111 Bethlehem, 82, 168, 173–6, 177 Charles II, King of Naples, 258 Bishops, see Anselm, Elias Chateaubriand, 222 Church of the Nativity, 167 Chavli of Mosul, 35 Bethsan, 64 cheese, 272, 283 See Baisan Cheveneux, Dom Antoine, 220 Beugnot, A., 135, 152 Chinggis Khan, 204, 206–7, 208, 210, 212 Bilbais, 73, 74 chivalry biographies, 226–7, 228 and crusades, 223–4 bishops, 167–8 literature, 190 Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch, 32 Saladin, 228–9 Bohemond II, Prince of Antioch, 17, 24, Choziba, 173 27–8 Christian communities death, 29, 31–2 archaeology, 164–5 marriage, 30–1 categories, 161–4 Bohemond III, Prince of Antioch, 103 distribution, 173 Boniface VIII, Pope, 264 Chronicle of Ernoul, 109, 111, 189, 193, 194 Bossuet, 215 churches Bougie, 282 categories, 167 Bourges, 21 distribution, 165, 166, 173–7 Brindisi, 258 monastic churches, 171, 172 Brunetto Latini, 142 parish churches, 170–2 Brunschvig, R., 279, 286, 293 parish churches held by religious orders, Bukhara, 13, 205 171 Buriano, 291 structures, 168 Bursuq of Hamadan, 35 urban, 176, 177 Byzantium Cicero, Clemente, 289 Emperors, see Alexius I, Alexius II, Cicero, Simone, 290 Andronicus I, John II, Manuel I Cilicia, 31 Cistercians, 73 Caesarea, 14, 64, 170, 174, 177 Clement V, Pope, 197, 264, 268 Cahen, Claude, 229 Clermont, Council of, 235 Cairo, 17 clogs, 255

Index 301

cloth, 238, 271, 272, 273, 283 Datini archive, 283, 292 Coffinus family, 273 David II, King of Georgia, 195 See George; Marinus; Perocius; Thomas David of Ashby, 197, 198, 200 Colbert, 214, 221 Dayr Dakariyd, 169 Cologne, 127–8 de la Brocquiere,` Bertrandon, 226 Conrad the Constable, 16, 17, 18 Demus, O., 115, 122, 128, 129, 132–3 Conrad of Montferrat, 81 Devise des chemins de Babiloine, 226 Constable, Giles, 229 al-Dhahab¯ı, 222 Constance, Princess of Antioch, 32–3, 36, 39, d’Herbelot, Barthel´ emy´ , 215–16, 221 44–5 Bibliothèque orientale, 215–16, 218, Constantine, 282 219 Constantinople Doilus, Hospitaller brother, 258 1182 massacre of Latins, 106, 251 Dominicans, 197, 208 Byzantine reconquest, 251 Doquz Khat¯ un,¯ 198–9, 200, 202, 207 pillage, 237 Dozy, Rheinhart, 225 trade, 234–5 Druze, 161, 224 trade with Acre, 251–2 Du Cange, Charles, 215 Copts, 164 Dun, lordship of, 12, 21 Corday, Charlotte, 220 Durandus Carpentarius, 56 Coreb, 71 dye, 259 Cormery, monastery of, 25 Dyrrachium, 27–8 corn, 260, 272 coronations, 155 Edbury, Peter, 111, 229 Corsi, Pier Domenico, 277 Edessa, 61, 66, 72 Corsica, 276, 281, 288, 293 Edgington, Susan, 229 Cosmo of Lezia, 267 Edom, 174 cotton, 238, 259, 260, 265, 267, 270, 273 Edward Zaccaria, 265 court procedures, 148–52 Egypt, 15, 72–3, 74–5, 221, 235 crusaders Baldwin IV’s expedition, 95 first crusaders, 26 Fatimids, 15, 16 ideology, 195 trading, 17, 80 crusades Elba, 275, 276, 280 and chivalry, 223–4 Genoese attempts to control, 281–2 costs, 11–12 iron, 277, 283, 292–3, 296 economic impact, 233–9 piracy, 284, 288 French view of, 222 taxation, 291 individual trade, 283 First, 161, 163 Eldeburgis of Sully, 12 Second, 61, 66, 72 Elias, Bishop of Bethlehem, 167 Fourth, 252 Elinand of Tiberias, 66–7 Fifth, 207 Elisseeff,´ Nikita, 229 German, 125, 130 Eljigidei, 204, 207 Louis IX’s, 261 Ellenblum, Ronnie, 65, 174, 175–6 overemphasis, 230 Estoires d’Outremer, 191, 195 customs exemptions, 236 Etienne Baluze, 215 Cyprus Eugenius III, Pope, 89 Kings, see Henry II, Hugh I, Hugh IV, Peter I, Peter II Fahma, 169–70 trade by military orders, 257–67 Famagusta, 129, 257, 259, 261, 263 military orders in, 268 Dabburiya, 172 women, 273 Damascus, 61, 66, 99, 204 Farmer, David Hugh, 91 Damietta, 74 Fatimids, 226–7, 233–4 Daniel of Meti, 259 Ferdinand the Catholic, 297 Darom, 172 Ferrand Rodriguez, Hospitaller, 259

302 Index

feudal law, 152–4, 156–7 Geoffrey, Abbot of Templum Domini homage, 153 administrator, 54–7, 58 murder by vassals, 190 charters, 51 Field of Blood, Battle of, 32 cultural role, 48, 53 Fiey, J. M., 203 death, 57 fish, 283 letter about, 52–3 Flamm, H., 122 letter from, text, 58 Flanders, 283 political role, 49 Flemings, 62 status, 53 Fleury, 27 Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, 52 Florence, 279, 287–8 Geoffrey Fulcher, 73 Florentine merchants, 266–7, 277, 280–1 Geoffrey Le Tor, 65, 156 Florence, Bishop of Acre, 244, 247 Geoffrey of Sasso, 258 Folda, Jaroslav, 137 George Coffinus, 273 foodstuffs, 283, 292 George Galimar, 272 France, view of crusades, 222 George Vetrarius, 264 Frankish settlements, impact on trade, 237–9 Georgians, 162, 163, 173 Franks, 162, 175–7 Gerald Jebarre, Hospitaller, 39 Frederick II, Emperor, 105, 141, 243, 263 Gerard of Nazareth, 81, 85 freemasons, 224 Gerard of Ridefort, Templar Master, 109, 111 Freiburg Leaf Gerard of Saint Andrea, 269 artist, 122, 125, 132–3 Gerard, Lord of Sidon, 151 Christ and Zachaeus, 120, 126–33 Gerardus Aldernarius, 56 description, 114–22 Gerardus Deodatus, 56 generally, 113–33 Germanus, Archbishop of Scythopolis, 167 illustrations, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 Ghelardoni, P., 280 Saints George and Theodore, 123–6 Gherardo da Niola, 252 French Revolution, 220, 224 Gibb, Hamilton, 229 Fulcher of Angouleme,ˆ Archbishop of Tyre, 80 Gibbon, Edward, 217, 218, 227 Fulk, King of Jerusalem, 33 Giglio, 276, 294 accession, 37–9 Gilles, Archbishop of Tyre, 244 charters, 41, 169 Gilon of Sully, 12, 13 death, 66 Giovanni Dandolo, 244 exclusion of his queen, 65 Giovanni di Rocha, 266, 272 grant of houses to Holy Sepulchre, Giovanni Rovereta, 266 179–88 Giovanni Scriba, 238 in Antioch, 43 Giovo, 278 opposition by Alice of Antioch, 43 Godfrey of Bouillon, 147–8, 221, 235 Golden Horde, 223 Galea, Bartolomeo di Giacomo da, 287 Gotmann of Brussels, 62 Galilee, 64, 104, 107, 168–70, 174 grain, 258, 260, 266, 267–8, 272, 283 Galland, Antoine, 215–16 Grandclaude, Maurice, 135, 140, 142 Garenton of Saone, 39 Greeks, 162, 163 Garsio, 184, 185 Gregoire,´ Reginald,´ 91 Gaston, 189 Grigor of Akner, 199, 200, 201, 209 See Baghras Gross Sankt Martin, Cologne, 127–8 Gaudefroy-Demombynes, M. G., 225 Guglielmo da Niola, 242–3 Gaza, 170, 173–7 Guibert of Nogent, 12, 14, 18 Genoa Guicciardini, 278 attempt at controlling Elba, 281–2 Guignes, Joseph de, 218, 219, 221 Genoese, 234 Histoire générale des Huns, 218 relations with Tunis, 291–3 Guy Francigena, 65, 71 trade, 235, 236–7, 238–9 Guy le Chevreuil, 42 with military orders, 263–6, Guy of Bandes, 273 269–71 Guy of Blond, 57

Index 303

Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem rivalry with Templars, 73 and Baldwin IV, 109 trade in Cyprus, 258 bribery, 97 with Catalans, 260, 262–3 charters, 253 with Provenc¸al merchants, 259–60 dismissal, 108, 111 hostages, 289, 294 and John Gale, 193, 194 Hugh, Abbot of Cluny, 20 opposition to, 96, 107, 112 Hugh, Abbot of Templum Domini, 51, 57 Guy of Milly, 61, 62–3, 65 Hugh I, King of Cyprus, 267 Guy the Red, Count of Rochefort, 19, 26–7 Hugh IV, King of Cyprus, 144 Guy¨ ug,¨ Qaghan, 207 Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy, 236 Hugh of Bulierre, 41 Habis Jaldak, 106–7 Hugh of Ibelin, 61, 63 Haﬁz of Shiraz, 223 Hugh II of Le Puiset, Count of Jaffa, 43–4, 46, Hafsid dynasty, 277 66 Halberstadt Cathedral, 133–4 Hugh of Tiberias, 104, 112 Hamilton, Bernard, 170 Hugh Raymond, 269 Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von, 223–4 Huleg¨ u¨ Khan Geschichte der Assassinen aus morgenlandischen¨ letter to Louis IX, 196, 197, 211–12 Quellen, 224 religion, 198–212 Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, 217, 223 Humbertus de Baro, 56 Hara, 172 Humphrey II of Toron, 61, 67, 94 Harim, 72, 73, 100, 103, 202 Humphrey III of Toron, 72 Hattin, Battle of, 84, 102, 192–4 Humphrey IV of Toron, 104–5, 112 Hauran, 66 Hungary, 196 al-Haraw¯ı, 226 Hunt, L.-A., 129 Hayton of Gorighos, 197, 199, 201, 209–10 Huon de Tabarie, 191 Hebron, 64, 69, 71, 82–3, 168, 174 Huygens, Robert, 50, 95–6 Heers, J., 292 Helvis of Ramla, 61, 67 Ianucius Bertoli, 264, 267 Henry, Count of Troyes, 100 Ibelin family, 61 Henry II, King of Cyprus, 144, 264, 271 See Baldwin; Balian; Barisan; Hugh; James; Henry II, King of England, 52 John; Margaret Henry IV, Emperor of Germany, 16 Ibn ‘Abd al-Z. ahir, 219, 222, 230 Henry VI, Emperor of Germany, 125 Ibn al-‘Am¯ıd, 203 Henry of Champagne, 188 Ibn al-Ath¯ır, 218, 219, 222, 226, 230 Henry of Herville, 258 Ibn al-Furat,¯ 222, 230 Henry of Tyre, 259 Ibn al-Jawz¯ı, 222 Henry the Buffalo, 65 Ibn Jubair, 175, 177 Herluin, 184 Ibn Khaldun,¯ 225 hermits, 85 Ibn Khallikan,¯ 222, 224, 230 Hethum I, King of Armenia, 136, 204, 209, 210 Ibn al-Muyassar, 222 Heyd, W., 233 Ibn al-Qalan¯ ¯ıs¯ı, 47 Hillenbrand, Carol, 229 Ibn Taghr¯ıbird¯ı, 219, 222 Hodierna, Countess of Tripoli, 68 Ibn Was.il, 222 Holy Grail, 224 Illuminati, 224 Holy Sepulchre, 55, 56, 67, 82, 167, 171, 179–88 Imad¯ al-D¯ın al-Isfahan¯ ¯ı, 218, 222 homage, 153 Imad¯ ad-D¯ın Zengi, see Zengi, Imad¯ ad-D¯ın Homburger, O., 122 Inab, Battle of, 72 Homo Dei, 83 Innocent III, Pope, 125 horses, 238 Innocent IV, Pope, 241, 253 Hospitallers, 55, 168 Institut de France, 221 chapels, 170 Iran, 196 conquest of Rhodes, 266 iron, 255–6, 276, 277, 283, 292–3, 296 gifts to, 63 Isabella I, Queen, of Jerusalem, 112 Devise des chemins de Babiloine, 226 Isaias, Archbishop of Lydda, 167

304 Index

Isma’ilis, 224 John Balbus, 271 Israel, 161 John Gale, 189–95 Italian merchants, 233–6, 263–7 John Gothman, 68, 69 Amalﬁtans, 233–4 John II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, 22, 46, Anconitans, 266–7 50 ﬂeets, 236–7 John Kinnamos, 45 Florentine, 266–7, 277, 280–1 John Minardus, 260 Genoese, 235, 236–7, 238–9, 263–6, 269–71, John of Ibelin, Count of Jaffa, 61, 64–5, 70 291–3 career, 135 Piombino, 276–7 Livre des assises de Jerusalem, 135 Pisans, 277 constitution of Kingdom of Jerusalem, Venetians, 236–7 154–5 court procedures, 148–52 Jabala, 31, 36–7, 39, 40 date, 136 Jacobins, 224 editions, 135–6 Jacobites, 162, 163, 168 evaluation, 155–7 Jacob’s Ford feudal law, 152–4, 156–7 See Le Chastellet manuscripts, 136–47 Jacopo di Levanto, 237 Prologue, 147–8 Jaffa, 64, 135, 170, 173–6, 177 structure, 147 Counts, see Hugh of Le Puiset, John of Ibelin John of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut, 140–1 James of Andalusia, 260 John of Plano Carpini, 200, 211 James of Andrea, Hospitaller, 260, 264 John Pinellus, 265 James of Groppo, 269, 271 John the Protosebastus, 102 James of Ibelin, 141, 146, 156 John the Hungarian, 198 James of Solerio, 265 John Viscount, 146 James of Vitry, Bishop of Acre, 165 Joscelin I of Courtenay, Count of Edessa, 33, James Pantaleon, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 247 37–9 See Urban IV, Pope Joscelin II of Courtenay, Count of Edessa, 37–9 James Pictus, 265 Joscelin Pesel, 50 James Rubeus, 270 Jotischky, Andrew, 92 Jean de Joinville, 208, 211 Judean Wilderness, 172–3 Jericho, 128, 129, 130 Juwayn¯ı, 205, 208 Jerusalem, 64, 67, 79, 132, 177 Christian communities, 174 Kafartab, 47 Churches, see Holy Sepulchre, Mount Sion, al-Kamil, 105 Saint Mary Magdalene, Saint Mary of Kamal¯ al-D¯ın ibn al-‘Ad¯ım, 220, 222 Josaphat, St Mary of the Latins, Templum Chronicle of Aleppo, 35, 47 Domini Kerak conquest, 161 castle, 68, 70 Kingdom of Jerusalem churches, 177 baronies, 155 diocese, 168 boundaries, 161 lordship, 64, 69 constitution, 154–5 orthodox monastery, 173–7 coronations, 155 relief, 108–9 Kings, see Baldwin I, Baldwin II, Baldwin siege, 107–8, 111, 112 III, Baldwin IV, Amalric, Fulk, Guy of Kibotos, 22, 23–4 Lusignan Kirakos of Ganjak, 198, 200, 202, 203, 206 Queens, see Isabella I, Sybil Kitbuqa, General, 206, 209 life in, 81–2 Kitzinger, E., 122 patriarchs, see Arnulf of Chocques, James Kohler, Charles, 54–5, 57 Pantaleon, Symeon, William of Agen, Korea, 196 William of Messines Kroos, R., 134 Joccus Bonacursus, 258 Kykkotissa monastery, 126

Index 305

La Charite-sur-Loire,´ monastery Lyons, second council, 197, 260 confirmation of rights and property, 20, 21 link with Emperor Alexius, 22–4 Ma’arrat al-Nu’man, 47 location, 20 Mabilia, 183–4, 185 Odo Arpin in, 12, 18 Mabillon, Jean, 214, 215 relics, 24–5 Magna Mahomaria, 172 La Monte, John, 68 Mahaut of Sully, 12, 20 Laiazzo, 253, 271 Mahomeria, 56 See Ayas Mainardus, 184 Laijun, 170 Mairano, 251 Lamberto di Sambuceto, 259, 264, 268, 269, Majorca, 263, 297 270, 271, 272, 273, 274 al-Mak¯ın ibn al-‘Am¯ıd, 216–17, 222 Lanciano, Luca di ser Nardo da, 287 Historia Saracenica, 216–17 Lane-Poole, Stanley, 218, 228–9 Malavolti, 278 Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Mamistra, 47 Jerusalem, 228–9 Maml ¯uks, 196, 209, 210, 224, 225, 226–7 Lanfranc of Mar, 269 histories, 227–8 Latakia, 31, 36–7, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 reconquest, 239 Le Chastellet, 100 Manasses of Hierges, 66–7 See Jacob’s Ford Manasso Dulce, 243 Le Goff, Jacques, 233 Manfredonia, 258 leather, 283 Mannbij, 202 Lebanon, 161 Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, 50, Lehmann, Paul, 49 84–5 Leo Maiopolis, 41 arrest of Venetians, 251 Leon the Armenian, 47 expeditions in Antioch, 72 Leonardo da Vinci, 276 and King Amalric, 74 Leonardo Ghisi, 244–5 obituary, 101–2 Leonello of Vindercio, 265 reign, 173 lepers, 63, 66, 71, 83 William of Tyre’s embassy to, 112 Lignages d’Outremer, 64, 69, 71, 141, 142–3, 144–5 al-Maqr¯ız¯ı, 219, 222, 223, 225 Liguria, 292, 296 Mar Saba, monastery, 246 Lilie, Ralph-Johannes, 74 Maraclea, 264 Limassol, 257, 258, 263, 268 Marchegay, Paul, 52, 58 Linardus of Paul of Beltrame, 264 Marciana, 291 Linder, Amnon, 52 Marco Giustiniari, 247 Livorno, 287 Marco Marmora, 244 Livre au Roi, 146, 190 Marco Polo, 201, 224 Livres des Assises de la Cour de Bourgeois, 142 Marco Vendelin, 254 Lombardo, Antonino, 240 Margaret of Ibelin, Lady of Caesaria, 138 Lopez, Roberto Sabatino, 236 Maria Comnena, 102, 104, 111 Lorenzo Tiepolo, 241, 246, 247 Mariano, son of Ludovico, galley master, 289 Louis VI, King of France, 21 Marin, Louis-François-Claude, 218 Louis VII, King of France, 194 Histoire de Saladin, sultan d’Egypte et de Syrie, Louis IX, King of France (Saint Louis) 218 crusade against Damietta, 261 Marino of Ragusa, 267 and French historians, 221, 235 Marino Sanudo, 268 letter from Huleg¨ u¨ Khan, 196, 197, 211–12 Marino Staniario, 254 and Mongols, 204, 207–8, 209, 211 Marino Venier, 242–3 Muslim chronicles, 225 Marinus Coffinus, 273 ships, 237 Marj Uyun, 100, 104 Luciano Arduino, 253 Maron, 65 Ludolph of Sudheim, 267 Maronites, 96, 99, 164 Lydda, 130, 170, 174 Marseilles, 237, 253, 259

306 Index

Marsilio Zorzi, 243 money-changing, 262–3 Martin Caraona, 180, 184 money-lending, 270 Martin da Canal, 247 forced loans on merchants, 242–3 Martinus Caprarius, 56 Templars, 261–2 Marxist historians, 233 Mongke,¨ Qaghan, 205, 210 Mary of Antioch, 102 Mongols, 196, 200–1, 206, 218, 250 Mas Latrie, Louis de, 275, 279 Mont Gisard, Battle of, 94, 100, 103, 111, 193 Massart, E., 279, 286, 287, 295 Monte Cassino, monastery, 22 Matteo Civran, 253–6 Montecristo, 276, 280 Matteo Marmora, 244, 245, 248 Montfaucon, Bertrand de, 215 Mattheo Zaccaria, 270 Montferrand, siege of, 38 Maurice of Montreal, 71 Montlhery´ family, 7, 27 Maurists, 214–15, 219, 220, 221 Montreal, 64, 68, 69, 71, 171 Mauro, Count, 234 Morgan, Ruth, 110, 229 Mayer, Hans, 29, 43, 66, 67, 229 Morozzo della Rocca, Raimondo, 240 Mayyaf¯ ariq¯ ¯ın, 202, 209 Morphia of Melitene, 30 Mazra’a ash-Sharqiya, 171 Morris, Colin, 91–2 Medicis, 292 Mortain, 62 Meletios, Archbishop of Gaza, 167 Mossor of Acre, 261 Melisende, Queen, 30, 44 Mosul, 66 charters, 51 Mount Carmel, 173–6, 177 conflict with Baldwin III, 61 Mount Hor, 173 death, 68–9 Mount Lebanon, 164 joint rule with husband, 37–9, 42–3 Mount Sinai, 173 kinship, 30 Mount Sion abbey, 57 power, 65–8, 70 Mount Tabor, 82, 83, 88, 173 quest for power, 46 abbey, 170–1, 172, 174 Meloria, Battle of, 281 Mufaddal, 222 mercenaries, 190, 194 Muir, Sir William, 227–8 Meynard, Barbier de, 226 Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt, 227 Michaud, François, 222–3 Muj¯ır al-D¯ın al-‘Ulaym¯ı, 216, 219, 222, 223 Bibliothèque des Croisades, 222 murder, 150–1, 156, 190 Michel Marquet, 262 Murray, A. V., 43, 62 Milan, Duke of, 280 al-Mustansir, Caliph, 234 Miles of Bray, 13, 27 Myriocephalum, Byzantine defeat at, 102–3 Miles of Plancy, 72, 102, 111 military orders in Cyprus. See Hospitallers; Nablus, 62, 63, 64–5, 67, 69, 70, 167, 170, 174–5, Templars; Teutonic Knights 177 agricultural developments, 267–8 Naples, 277, 279 trade, 257–67 Nasir-i Khusraw, 234 trade with Catalans, 260–3 Nazareth, 82, 83, 168, 170, 173, 177 trade with Florentine and Anconitans, 266–7 Negroponte, 251–2 trade with Genoese, 263–6, 269–71 Nestorians, 163, 164, 199, 205 trade with Provençal merchants, 259–60 Nicholas Cavarunchus, 265–6 urban developments, 268 Nicholas Lamberteschi, 266 Mills, Charles, 221, 235 Nicholas of Magnerri, 266 History of the Crusades, 221 Nicholas Zugno, 272 Milly family, 64, 65 NicolodaMez,` 251 Milly-sur-Therain,´ 62 Nicolo` Michiel, 242 Mirabel, 64, 67 Nicolo` Querini, 249 Moab, 71, 174 Nicomedia, 13, 23 monastic houses Nicosia, 269–70, 271 churches, 172 Cathedral, 144 orthodox, 173–6, 177 Nielen-Vandewoorde, Marie-Adela¨ıde, 141, parish churches held by, 171 143

Index 307

Ninci, G. A., 277 Philip II Augustus, King of France, 194, 221, 235, North Forreby, 52 236 Notre-Dame de la Charite,´ abbey at Angers, 52–3 Philip of Flanders, Count, 95, 98, 103, 111 N¯ur al-D¯ın, 68, 72, 73, 105, 216, 235 Philip of Milly, Lord of Nablus career, 61 Odo Arpin, Viscount of Bourges character, 61 background, 12–13 children, 72 captivity, 14–17 death, 61, 75 Constantinople, 17–18 importance, 65–8 gaps in career, 24 lands, 64–5, 68–70 journey to Holy Land, 13–15 marriage, 63 monk and prior, 18 mastership of Temple, 73 relations with Emperor Alexius, 12, 13, 14–18, origins, 61–3 25, 26–8 possessions, 60–1 sale of lands and titles, 11–13 resignation as Master of Temple, 61, 75 Odo of Saint Amand, Templar Master, 73 Templar, 71–2 L’Ordene de chevalerie, 191 Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre, 241, 245–6 Orderic Vitalis, 13, 14–18, 21 Philip of Novara, 61, 138, 139–40, 142, 145, 146, Orsini, Rinaldo, 288 156 Oshin of Ghorighos, 136 Piacenza, 259 Ost, F., 93–4 Pianosa, 276, 280 Ottolinus Rouss, 269, 270, 271 Picards, 62 Outremer, 238–9 Pietro Diani, 259 Pietro Lion, 253 Pacta Ferrarie, 247 Pietro Vassano, 248, 249–50 Pagan the Butler, 64, 70, 71 Pietro Vendelin, 254 Palestine, 161 Piombino Palmarea, war council, 61, 66 background, 275, 279–82 Palmyra, 96 Florentine merchants, 280–1 Papebroeck, Daniel, 90 government, 276 Parva Mahomeria, 172 manuscript history, 277–9 Paschal of Mar, 269, 271 population, 280 Paschal II, Pope, 18, 19, 21, 168 relations with Tunis, 295–6 pepper, 273 strategic importance, 276 Percival of Mar, 269–70, 271 trade, 276–7 Pere de Soler, Hospitaller Commander, 262 before the Appiani, 283–4 Pere Segria, 262 trade with Tunis, 288–92 Perocius, son of George Cofﬁnus, 273–4 piracy, 284–5 Persecutio Salaardini, 192–4, 195 treaties, 278–9, 285–7 Persia, 224 piracy Peruzzi banking house, 266 Barbary corsairs, 276, 295–6 Peter I, King of Cyprus, 143, 144, 146 Barbary tax, 291 Peter II, King of Cyprus, 143 between Tunis and Piombino, 284–5, 288–9 Peter Latinator, 33 Catalans, 282, 293, 297 Peter of Blois, 111 hostages, 289 Peter of Vares, Templar Preceptor, 263–5 Muslims, 282 Peter of Vignolo, 261 Piombino, 278 Peter Rubeus, 263–4 Pisa, 235, 275 Peter the Venerable, Abbot of Cluny, 22 peace treaty with Tunis, 284, 285–6 Peter Visianus, Brother Templar, 261, 264–5 trade, 277 Petra, 168 war, 281 Petrus Bernadi, 180–2, 184, 185 Pius II, Pope, 278 Petrus Parchamenarius, 56 Pococke, Edward, 217, 219 Philip Amorosus, 265 Poitou, 12–13 Philip I, King of France, 11, 12–13, 21, 27 Pons, Count of Tripoli, 31, 37–8, 39

308 Index

Populonia, 280 relics, 24–5, 57, 71 Portolongone, 285 religious houses potash, 265 churches, 171, 172 Prawer, Joshua, 69, 174, 179–86 holding parish churches prices, 55–6 orthodox, 173 Provenc¸al merchants, 236–7, 259–60 role in crusades, 26 Pryor, John, 93–4 Renaud Masoir, 34, 38, 41, 42, 44 Renaudot, Eusebe,` 215, 219 Qal’at Ja’bar,¯ 202 Reneo´ f Anjou, 296 Qal’at Najm, 202 Reynald of Brittany, 191, 195 Qinnasrin, 38 Reynald of Chatillon,ˆ 70, 72, 100, 107, 111, 193 Quarantena, 86, 87, 88, 91, 173 Reynald, Lord of Sidon, 112 Quatremere,` Etienne-Marc, 224–5 Rhodes, conquest, 266 Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks d’Egypte, Ricardo Filangieri, 243 225 Richard Jafenirus, 183 Qubilai, 201, 205, 212 Richard Pisanus, 260 Richard the Lionheart, King of England, 236 Raimondo da Niola, 242–3 Ricoldo de Montecroce, 197, 201, 202 Rainier of Montferrat, 104 Riley-Smith, Jonathan, 64, 136, 229 Ralph of Domfront, Patriarch of Antioch, 43, Rinaldo da Niola, 252 44–6 Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, 17 Ralph of La Fontanelle, 41, 43, 62 Robert Fitz-Fulk the Leper, 39 Ralph of Tiberias, 142 Robert II, Count of Flanders, 17 Ralph son of Roger, 41 Robert of Milly, 62 ar-Ram, 172 Robert the Chancellor, 40 Ramla, 64, 167, 173 Roche Guillaume, siege, 189, 192 second battle of, 12, 14–15, 25 Roger of Antioch, 32 Ramon Llull, 263 Roger of Saint Lazarus, 182, 184, 185, 189 Ranieri Bottaci, 80, 84–5 Roger of Salerno, Prince of Antioch, 31 Ranieri, San, 79–92 Roger II, King of Sicily, 39 biographical details, 79–80 Rohard of Nablus, 65 hermit and saint, 85–90 Rohard the Elder, Viscount of Jerusalem, 49, in Holy Land, 80–4 66–7 return home, 84–5 Rohricht,¨ Rheinhold, 54, 79 revelations and miracles, 88–90 Roland, Madame, 220 views of, 90–2 Rolando of Rivalta, 259 Ranieri Zeno, Doge, 244, 247 Roman law, 156 Ranke, Leopold von, 227 Roman of Le Puy, 62 Raoul de Cambrai, 190 Romania, 238 Raoul of Benibrac, 195 Romano da Niola, 242–3 Rashid al-Din, 200 Rosetta, 264 Raymond Blanc, 259 Ross, Denison, 225 Raymond of Conches, 259 Rugia, 38, 39 Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch, 39, 44, Runciman, Steven, 226 45, 72 Raymond of Saint Gilles, Count of Toulouse, 13, Sacy, Silvestre de, 219, 220–2, 224 16 as-Saﬁriya, 170 Raymond III, Count of Tripoli, 95, 98, 103, 104, Sahara, 282 105, 109, 193 Saint Benoit-sur-Loire, monastery, 27 Raymondinus of Rappalo, 271 Saint Bernard the Penitent, 190 Recoura, Georges, 135 Saint Catherine at Mount Sinai, monastery, 71, Recueil des Historiens des Croisades, 215, 221, 225, 124, 134 226 Saint Chariton, monastery, 173 Reinaud, Joseph-Toussaint, 217, 221, 222–3, 226 Saint Demetrius church in Acre, 247 Reiske, Johann Jacob, 217 Saint Elias, monastery, 173

Index 309

Saint Euthymius, monastery, 173 Schultens, Albert, 218, 219, 221 Saint George’s cathedral at Lydda, 167 Vita et res gestae sultani Saladini, 218 Saint Gerasimus, monastery, 173 Scott, Walter, 223, 229 Saint Germain-des-Pres,´ monastery, 214–15, 220 Sebaste, 65, 173 Saint John Chrysostom, monastery, 173 Cathedral, 167 Saint John the Baptist, monastery, 173 Seljuks, 226–7 Saint Joseph of Arimathea, monastery, 171 Sforza dukes of Milan, 297 Saint Lazarus, 63, 66, 71 Shaﬁ‘ ibn ‘Al¯ı, 222, 223 Saint Mary in ‘Abud, 168 Shaubak, 171 Saint Mary Magdalene in Jerusalem, 169 Shawar, 72 Saint Mary of Josaphat, monastery, 54–5, 63, 170 ships, 258–9, 261, 262, 263–4, 265–6, 267, 269, Saint Mary of Kalamon, monastery, 173 271 Saint Mary of the Latins, monastery, 234 cabotage, 253 Saint Moses, church, 172 shipbuilding, 236–7, 239 Saint Nicholas’ cathedral at Famagusta, 129 tramping, 253 Saint Nicholas, hymn to, 118 transport of troops, 237 Saint Peter of Calandra, 262 Shirkuh, 73, 74 Saint Sabas, monastery, 173, 241, 246 shops, 268 Saint Sabas War, 240–3, 245–7 Sicily, 282, 283 Saint Theoctistus, monastery, 173 Sidon, 64, 174, 177, 209 Saint Theodosius, monastery, 173 silk, 235, 259 Saint-Evroult, monastery, 21 Siloam, 126 Saint-Junien, 57 Simon of Acre, 261 Saint-Maur, see Maurists Simon Barrata, 260 Saladin, 81, 97, 98, 99, 235 Simon Maestrius, 261 1187 conquest, 138 Simon Mossur, 267 arrest of pilgrims, 106 Simon Rouss, 269, 270 biographies, 215, 216, 218, 228 Simon Rufus, 56 chivalry, 228–9 Sinibaldo di Cristoforo Soldati defeat at Mont Gisard, 103 Sinjil, 65, 170–1 invasion of Galilee, 107 Sivan, Emmanuel, 229 march to Damascus, 99 skins, 283 rise of power, 102 Slack, Corliss, 63 siege of Kerak, 107–9 Slane, William Macguckin de, 226 siege of Roche Guillaume, 189, 192 slaves, 252–3, 289 truce with Prince Bohemond, 107 Smail, R. C., 174 victories, 100, 101, 104 Smbat, Constable of Armenia, 207, 210 Samaria, 65, 175 Sorleone Cibo, 272 Samaritans, 161 Sorqaqtani, Princess, 198, 200, 201, 205 San Lorenzo, 285 sources San Marco, Venice, 128, 129 twentieth-century publications, 229–30 Sancho of Aragon, 263 Arabic chronicles, 216–17 Sancho Peires, 260 orientalists’ use of, 222–3 Sandoli, S. de, 79 Piombino, 277–9 Saracens, 175 study of crusade sources, 214 Sardinia, 283 translations, 216–18, 221, 226 Sartaq, Prince, 206, 209 Venetian trade, 240, 252–3, 256 Sar¯uj, 202 War of Saint Sabas, 241 Sarvantikar, 47 Sourdeval family, 40–1 Sassun, 203 spices, 236, 238 Scaliger, Joseph, 216 Spinola de Luccoli, Eliano, 292 Scarlino, 285 Sten, Nicholas, 267 Schaube, A., 233 Step‘annos Orbelian, 199, 205, 208, 209–10 Schefer, Charles Henri Auguste, 225–6 Stephania ‘the Fleming’, 61, 72 Scheller, R., 113, 122 Stephano da Niola, 251–2

310 Index

Stephen Nemanja, 246 Thomas, Master doctor, 260–1 Stephen of Blois, 13, 14, 16 Thomas of Cantimpre,´ 208 Stephen of Burgundy, 13, 14 Thomas of Fosseto, 265 Stephen Paternatus, 267 Tiberias, 177 sugar, 259, 267–8, 270, 271 Tibnin, 175 Suger, Abbot of St Denis, 19 timber, 255–6, 272 Sumption, Jonathan, 91 Tin’ama, 170 Suvereto, 285 at-Tira, 173 al-Suy¯ut.¯ı, 222 Tischler, Christiane, 55, 56 Sybil of Jerusalem, 195 Tlemcen, 282 Symeon, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 167 tolls, 69 Syria, 67, 221, 224, 235 Torella, Francesco, 297 Syrians, 162, 163 Toron, 112 Tortosa, 263, 264 Tabriz, 271 town churches, 167, 171, 177 at-Taiyiba, 173 trade Takr¯ıt, 203 impact of crusades, 233–9 Tall Aghadan, 47 impact of Frankish settlements, 237–9 Tall Danith, Battle of, 41 Italian merchants before crusades, 233–6 Tall Yunis, 173 military orders in Cyprus, 257–67 Tancred, Prince of Antioch, 32, 35 Piombino, 276–7 Taq¯ı al-D¯ın, 191 before the Appiani, 283–4 Tarafain, 171 rise of Italian and Provençal fleets, 236–7 Tarisse, Dom, 214 Transjordan, 64–5, 68, 70, 72 Tarsus, 47 translations, 216–18, 221, 226 tax exemptions, 236, 258, 267, 285, 286 Trapessac, 189 taxation, 98 treason, 151 Teb-Tenggri, 208, 212 Tripoli, 64, 234, 263 Tell al-Sultan, 101 Counts, see Pons, Raymond III Templars, 192, 194, 224 Countesses, see Cecilia, Hodierna chapels, 170 Troarn, monastery, 62 charter, 60–1 Troia, 293 Cyprus trials, 268–74 Tunis dissolution, 257 Caliph Uthman, 282, 293, 296 masters, see Bertrand of Blancfort, Gerard of Hafsid state, 282 Ridefort, Odo of Saint Amand, Philip of peace treaty with Pisa, 284, 285–6 Nablus, William of Beaujeu relations with Genoa, 291–3 money-lending, 261–2 relations with Piombino, 295–6 parish rights, 171 trade with Piombino, 288–92 refusal to take part in Egyptian campaign, piracy, 284–5 72–4 treaties, 278–9, 285–7 trade in Cyprus, 258–9 Tunisia, 283 with Catalans, 260–2 Turriglia, Francesco, 297 Templum Domini, abbey of Tuscany, 286 Abbots, see Achardus, Geoffrey, Hugh Tyre, 64, 67, 86, 173, 174, 175, 177, 263 possessions, 52, 56 archbishop, see Fulcher of Angouleme,ˆ Gilles, status, 57 William Teutonic Knights, 125 fall, 257, 264 The Thousand and One Nights, 215, 223, 224 lord, see Amalric, Philip of Montfort Theobaldus Francigena, 56 Venetians in, 243–4 Theodore, doctor, 260–1 Thietmar, 124, 128, 134 Ugaccio Cantellarus, 264 Thomas Coffinus, 273 Ugo Lercari, 237 Thomas Erpenius, 216 Ulric Viscount of Nablus, 68

Index 311

Urban II, Pope, 161, 235 William, archbishop of Tyre Urban IV, Pope, 197–8 chivalric behaviour, 193 Usama¯ ibn-Munqidh, 191 Continuator, on John Gale, 189, 190, 192 Uthman,¯ Caliph, 282, 293, 296 Old French translation of Chronicle, 93–112 additions, 101–10 Valentine Tartaro, 265 changes, 100 Vardan Arewelc.i, 198, 200, 201, 202, 209, dating system, 94 210 explanations, 99–100 Vassili Casselario, 254–6 first-person passages, 94–5 Vauchez, Andre,´ 91 manuscripts, 95–6 Venice, 128, 129, 235 misunderstandings, 99 Maggior Consiglio, 248, 249 new images, 100 trade, 236–7 omissions, 96–7 Venitians in Acre, 240–56 rewritings, 100–1 Venitians in Tyre, 243–4 simplifications and gloss, 97–9 Vettore Dolfin, 245 translator, 111–12 Vignolo of Vignolo, 263, 265 on Alice of Antioch, 29–30, 32, 33–7, 42, 44, Villani, Giovanni, 285 45, 46, 50–1 Villard de Honnecourt, 123 on Philip of Nablus, 61, 70 Vincent of Beauvais, 207, 211 on Queen Melisende, 66, 67 Vincentius, 55, 56 on Templars, 72, 73, 74 vineyards, 267 William of Agen, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 198 Virgin, hymns to, 117, 119 William of Aversa, 33 Visconti, Frederico, 91 William of Beaujeu, Master Templar, 274 Visconti, Giangaleazzo, 275, 280 William of Messines, Patriarch of Jerusalem, 63 Volney, 219 William of Milly, 62 Volterraio, 288 William of Rubruck, 204, 205, 209 William of Saint George, Templar, 261 Walter III, Lord of Beirut, 72 William of Saone, 37, 39 Walter Le Tornaor, 184 wine, 267–8, 283 Walter of Sourdeval, 40 Wolfenbuttel¨ Sketchbook, 132 Walter the Chancellor, 35 women, 31, 32–41, 273 Weil, Gustav, 227, 228 wool, 283 Weitzmann, Kurt, 113–14, 115–22, 123–6, 133 Yafi‘i, 222 wheat, 258, 266 Yuan¨ Shih, 205 Wilbrand of Oldenbourg, 124, 128, 134 Wilken, Friedrich, 220, 221, 228 Zakariya, 169 Geschichte der Kreuzzuge¨ , 221 Zara, 237 William II Rufus, King of England, 12, Zardana, 47 13 Zaythar, 71 William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, 12 Zengi, Imad¯ al-D¯ın, 34, 47, 66, 72