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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00418-4 - A Concise History of Japan Brett L. Walker Index More information

INDEX

Abe no Munetoˆ , 51 Amur River Estuary, 28, 141 Abe no Sadatoˆ , 51 Analects, See Lunyu Abe no Yoritoki, 51 Anatomische Tabellen, 150, See Abe Shinzoˆ , 302 Johannes Adam Kulmus Abe Tomoko, 299 anatsurushi, 94, See Christianity; Inoue Adams, William, 98, See Santa Masashige Buenaventura anime, 281 agriculture Ankokuji Ekei, 120 and engineering the natural world, Ansei earthquake, 290, See earthquakes 6–7 Anthropocene Epoch, xv, xvi, xvi, xvii, and medieval intensiﬁcation, 75–7 6, 191, 193, 284, 288–9 and Meiji Restoration, 179–86 and sea level rise, 284–5 and the Paciﬁc War, 254 and storms, 285–6 and Yayoi phase, 15–16 Ariq Bo¨ ke, 60, See Mongol invasions Ainu, 29, 86, 88, 95–6, 113, 135, Article Nine, 267, 270 137, 162, 190, 201, 203–4, 217, Asai Nagamasa, 106 232 Asakura Yoshikage, 106 and Ezo conquest, 135–9 Asano Naganori, 127, See Akoˆ vendetta and Meiji colonization of Hokkaido, Ashikaga bakufu, 56, 66–7, 74, 77 202–5 Ashikaga Takauji, 64, 67 Aizawa Seishisai, 147 Ashikaga Yoshiaki, 107–8 Akamatsu Mitsusuke, 68 Ashikaga Yoshiakira, 67 Akechi Mitsuhide, 107, 109–10 Ashikaga Yoshihisa, 69 Akira Kurosawa, 279 Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 68 Akoˆ vendetta, 127–8 Ashikaga Yoshimi, 69 alternate attendance, 122–3, 128, 140, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, 67, 78–9 142, 156, See Edo bakufu Ashikaga Yoshinori, 68 Amakusa Shiroˆ , 95, See Shimabara Ashio mine Uprising and downstream pollution, 195–9 Amaterasu Oˆ mikami, 22, 27, 31, 180, Asuka, 24, 34 189, See Shinto Aterui, 29, See Emishi Amidism, 34, 57, See Buddhism Atlantic Charter, 248

323

324 Index

atomic bomb, 257–8, See Hiroshima; Cao Wei, 18 Nagasaki Capron, Horace, 205 and nature’s resiliency, 253 Charter Oath, 160, 166 Austro-Asiatic languages, 11 Cherry Blossom Society, 236 Azuchi castle, 109, 121 Chiang Kai-shek, 242, 246 Chichibu Uprising, 183–5 Baekje, 30–1, See Korea China, 1, 11–12, 15–16, 18–20, 28, baseball, 177 30, 32, 35, 37, 59–61, 65, 73–4, Battle of Dannoura, 54, See Genpei War 78–80, 83, 89, 91–2, 95–6, 98, Battle of Midway, 250 101, 105, 115–17, 129, 146, 148, Battle of Okehazama, 104 155, 164, 167, 171, 195, 202, Battle of Sekigahara, 120, 136, 155, 205–8, 218–21, 223–6, 229, 157, 159 237–40, 242, 245, 270–1, Battle of Shizugatake, 111 297, 302 Battle of the Coral Sea, 250 and Paciﬁc War, 246–52 Beard, Charles A., 291 Chinese language, 11 Behring, Emil von, 212 chinju shoˆ gun, 28 Beijing, 116, 221, 242, 246–7 Chiri Yukie, 232 bells Chisso Corporation, 254, 275–6, and Yayoi life, 17, 21 See Minamata methyl-mercury Bentham, Jeremy, 176 poisoning Bering Sea, 226 Choˆ shuˆ domain, 157, 160, 176, 233 Bismarck, Otto von, 215 Choˆ sokabe Motochika, 111 black ships, 143, 145, 175, 201, 206, Christianity See Matthew C. Perry and Iberian missionaries, 88–91 Blood Brotherhood, 235 Churchill, Winston, 248 Bonin Islands, 224–5 Chuˆ shingura, 127, See Akoˆ vendetta Boshin War, 143, 163 Clark, William Smith, 204 Bow, Clara, 231 climate change, xv, xv, xvi, xvii, 1, 4, 9, Braudel, Fernand, xvii 20, 191, 193, 199, 283–5, 287, Brazil 293, 302 and Portuguese colonization, 86–7 coal brazilwood, 87 and Meiji Restoration, 195 bronze, 17 Coelho, Gaspar, 93 bubble economy, 282 colonialism Buddhism, 5, 7, 16, 24, 26–7, 30, 32, and Hokkaido, 202–5 34, 40, 45–6, 54, 57, 59, 64, 66, and Korea, 206–9 70–4, 81, 89, 93, 96–7, 103, 106, and Manchurian Incident, 242–5 111, 126, 137, 155, 172, 186, and pelagic empire, 224–9 188–9, 191, 195–6, 255, 298–9 and South Manchurian Railroad, and attitudes towards animals, 186 219–20 and Japanese wolf, 187–9 Columbus, Christopher, 83 and Suiko, 23 Concordia Society, 224 Bunpoˆ Compromise, 62 Confucianism, 3–5, 16, 19, 24, 55, 62, burakumin, 150, See eta 65, 97, 122, 126–8, 131, 144, 146, Bureau for Hygiene, 214 149, 151–4, 164–5, 167, 170, 184, 190, 198, 201, 203, 210, 216–17, Cabral, Francisco, 90 269 California Alien Land Law, 222 Confucius, 164, See Lunyu

Index 325

Copernicus, Nicolaus, 97, See De Edo, 95, 98, 121, 126, 128–30 revolutionibus orbium coelestium Edo bakufu, 66, 77, 94–5, 120, Council of Trent, 90 125–6, 132–3, 142–3, 145, 158–9, 171, 175, 195, 202, da Gama, Vasco, 84 206, 290 Da xue, 126, See Neo-Confucianism and Ezo conquest, 135–9 Daidairi and Neo-Confucianism, 127–30 and Kyoto, 34 Edo castle, 127, 129 Daifang, 18, See China Eight-point Plan, 158, 184, See daimyoˆ , 66, 70, 76–7, 91, 102, 112, Sakamoto Ryoˆ ma 123, 147, 160, 181, 191 Eison, 73 Daitokuji temple, 64 Elements of Political Economy, 171, Dan Takuma, 235–6 See Francis Wayland Dao De Jing, 97 Emishi, 26–9, 33, 42, 51–2, 136, Darwin, Charles, 216, See Origin of Species 281 Date Masamune, 98 and Yamato conquest, 27–9 Date Tanemune, 70 as Epi-Joˆ mon, 27–8 Dazaifu, 33, 35, 59–60, 73 Emperor Antoku, 54 De Humani Corporis Fabrica, 151, 153, Emperor Gaozong, 28 See Andreas Vesalius Emperor Go-Daigo, 62–5 De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, Emperor Go-Shirakawa, 53, 55 97, See Nicolaus Copernicus Emperor Go-Toba, 55 disease, 73 Emperor Go-Yoˆ zei, 112, 120 and gonorrhoea, 130 Emperor Hirohito, 245, 248, 255, 259, and halitosis, 49 265–6 and hermaphroditism, 48 Emperor Kanmu, 29, 33–4 and inﬂuenza, 48–9, 205, 211 Emperor Koˆ myoˆ , 64 and measles, 47, 205 Emperor Shoˆ mu and medieval endemic patterns, 75 and Toˆ daiji, 30 and pyorrhoea, 48 Emperor Sutoku, 53 and rise of samurai, 47–9 emperor system ideology, 4 and smallpox, 33 Emperor Tenmu, 23–4, 34, 49 and tuberculosis, 205, 211–14 Emperor Yoshihito, 291 Dodge, Joseph, 268 empire dogs, 16 and European ecologies, 84–5 Doˆ kyoˆ incident, 33 Empress Genmei, 34 Donghak Peasant Rebellion, 208 Empress Jitoˆ , 23, 25, 34, 49 Dun, Edwin, 189 Empress Suiko, 23–4, 30–1, See Buddhism early modern, 124–5 En’in, 59, See Joˆ tenji temple earthquakes, xv, 58, 253, 286–8, 290–3, Enni Ben’en, 73 296, 321, See Ansei earthquake; Enryakuji, 53, 64, 122 Great Eastern Japan earthquake; and Oda Nobunaga, 106–7 Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake; equal ﬁeld system, 25, 45, See Taika Great Kantoˆ earthquake; Meiji- Reforms Sanriku earthquake; Nankaidoˆ eta, 150, 162, See burakumin earthquake; Noˆ bi earthquake; and Meiji Restoration, 180 Sanriku earthquake; Toˆ nankai and Mimasaka Blood Tax rebellion, earthquake 180–1

326 Index

Ezo, 86, 95, 135, 139, 189, 203, Furukawa Ichibei, 195, 198 See Hokkaido Fushimi, 158–9 and early modern conquest, 135–9 Galenus, Aelius, 152 Fabian, Fucan, 97 Galilei, Galileo, 97 factory girls, 210, See textile industry Gandhi, Mohandas, 223 famine, See Kan’ei famine; Kyoˆ hoˆ Ganghwa Island, 206 famine; Tenmei famine; Tenpoˆ Gaozong, See Tang dynasty; China famine gekokujoˆ , 66 and Ashikaga authority, 68–9 Gemma, Regnier, 152 and early modern period, 131–5 Genghis Khan, 50, 60, See Mongol and Kamakura authority, 57–8 invasions and wild boar famine, 133–5 Genna koˆ kaisho, 97, See Ikeda Koun fascism, 5, 147, 215, 239–40 Genpei War, 54–5, 77 Fenelossa, Ernest, 171 Germany, 125, 130, 150, 172–3, 204, Fillmore, Millard, 145 208, 212, 214–15, 221–2, 224, forests 237, 248, 263, 272, 283 and early modern period, 135 Ginkakuji, 81 and medieval years, 77–8 Ginza Brick Quarter, 165 and Pacific War, 135 glass lenses, 99 and unification, 121–3 Go-Daigo, 78, See Kenmu revolution Former Nine Years War, 51–2 Godzilla, 262, 278–9 fossil fuel, 179, 191–2 Goguryeo, 31, See Korea and Japanese modernity, 283–4 Gojoseon, 16, See Korea and Meiji Restoration, 191–5 Gokurakuji temple, 73 France, 161, 208 Goryeo dynasty, 59–60, See Korea Fro´ is, Luı´s, 103, 115 Gotoˆ Shinpei, 215, 219, 291 fudai, 120, See daimyoˆ Gotoˆ Shoˆ jiroˆ , 166, 168, 184, Fujimoto Rissen, 154 See Popular Rights Movement Fujin no tomo, 230 Grand Master Natome, 18, See Wa Fujiwara family, 25, 34–6, 45, 53, kingdom 55, 114 Great Depression, 229, 231, 235, 238 Fujiwara no Hidesato, 50 Great Eastern Japan earthquake, Fujiwara no Kodaka, 51 293–302, See triple disaster Fujiwara no Michinaga, 35–6, 109 Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake, 290 Fujiwara no Sumitomo Great Kantoˆ Earthquake, 229, 237, 252, and Sumitomo’s maritime rebellion, 290–1 50–1 Great Ship, 91, 93 Fujiwara no Tadamichi, 53 Greater East Asia War, 240, 249, 251, Fujiwara no Yorinaga, 53 255, 265, See Pacific War Fukane Sukehito, 74, See Honzoˆ wamyoˆ Greater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere, Fukuda Hideko, 170 201, 207, 227, 247, 249, 251, 263 Fukui cave, 12 greenhouse gas, xvi, xvii, 283 Fukushima Daiichi plant, xv, 296, Grı´msvo¨ tn, Mount, 132, See Tenmei 298, 301 famine Fukuzawa Yukichi, 2–3, 5, 164–6, 168, Guadalcanal, 250 171, 182, 185, 196, 207 Guo Wuzong, 32, See China; Tang and disassociation from Asia, 207 dynasty fumie, 94 Guomindang, 221, 242, 246–7

Index 327

Haiguo tuzhi, 175, See Wei Yuan Hokkaido, 28, 33, 73, 86, 88, 135–9, haiku poetry, 39 141, 190, 192, 201, 204–5, 217 Hakata, 51, 59, 61 colonization of, 202–5 Hakodate magistracy, 202 Hokkaido Former Aborigine Protection Hamaguchi Osachi, 235 Act, 204, See Ainu Han dynasty, 16, See China Hokkaido wolf, 187 Hanabusa Yoshitada, 206 and extinction, 189–91 Hara Kei, 233–5, 237 Hokke sectarians, 70–1 harquebus, 98, 105, 120 Hoˆ koˆ ji monastery, 113 Harris, Townsend, 155–6 Hoˆ koˆ ji temple, 122 Harris Treaty, 164, 174, 206, See Treaty Holocene Epoch, xvi, 285 of Amity and Commerce Home Ministry, 161, 169, 198, 212, Hasekura Tsunenaga, 98 214, 270 Hata Ikuhiko, 264 Honda, 1 Hay, John, 221 Honda Ishiroˆ , 278, See Gojira Hayashi Razan, 97, 126, 128 Honnoˆ ji temple, 109–10 Hayato, 28 Honshu, 11, 46, 77, 110, 135, 292–3 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Honzoˆ wamyoˆ , 74, See Fukane Sukehito 165 horse Heian period, 8, 25–30, 33, 35–7, and rise of samurai, 50 39–42, 45, 48, 50, 53, 56, Hosokawa Yoriyuki, 67 281, 286 Hotta Masayoshi, 156 and Chinese science, 35–7 Household Registration Law, 161 and nature, 37–42 Hull, Cordell, 249 Heike monogatari, 54 Humboldt, Alexander von, xvi Heisei tanuki gassen ponpoko, 281, Hyoˆ go prefecture, 21 See Miyazaki Hayao Hello Kitty, 279–80 Ibuka Masaru, 274, See Sony Higashikuni Naruhiko, 269 Ienaga Saburoˆ , 264, See Shin Nihonshi Himeji castle, 110, 120, 125 Ii Naosuke, 155–6 Himiko, 18–23, See oˆ kimi; Wa Ikeda Koun, 97, See Genna koˆ kaisho kingdom Ikeda Terumasa, 120 Himikoko, 18, See Wa kingdom Ikkoˆ sectarians, 70 Hiraizumi Fujiwara, 29, See Emishi and ‘Uprising of the Realm Under Hirasaki shell mound Heaven’, 70–1 and ﬁrst Joˆ mon man, See Joˆ mon Ikkoˆ shuˆ sectarians Hirata Atsutane, 146, 155 and Oda Nobunaga, 107 Hirosaki domain, 113, 132–3 Imagawa Yoshimoto, 104 Hiroshima, 242, 253 Imanishi Kinji, 216, See Seibutsu no Hitori kangae, 131, See Tadano sekai Makuzu Imjin War, 117 Hoˆ gen-Heiji Disturbance, 53 Imperial Rescript on Education, 166–7, Hoˆ joˆ Masako, 56 269 Hoˆ joˆ mine, See coal; fossil fuel Inariyama sword, 23 and mine explosion, 193–5 Ino Tadataka, 141 Hoˆ joˆ Tokimune, 60 Inoue Junnosuke, 235 Hoˆ joˆ Ujimasa, 111 Inoue Masashige, 94 Hoˆ joˆ ki, 57–9 International Military Tribunal for the Hoˆ joˆ ki Buddha, 24 Far East, 265

328 Index

Inukai Tsuyoshi, 235, 243 Kaitakushi, 189, 204 Ise, Grand Shrine of, 145 Kaitokudoˆ , 128 Ise monogatari, 39 Kajibashi prison, 176 Ishibashi Tanzan, 224 Kamakura bakufu, 55, 59–60, 62–4, 69, Ishida Baigan, 128 73, 77 Ishida Mitsunari, 94, 120 Kamchatka Peninsula, 202 Ishihara Shintaroˆ , 298 kamikaze, 39, 250 Ishimoto Shidzue, 4–5, 192, 196 Kamioka mine Ishinpoˆ , 74, See Tanba Yasuyori and Paciﬁc War, 256–7 Ishiwara Kanji, 242, 246–7, Kamo Mabuchi, 146 See Manchurian Incident Kamo no Arikata, 96, See Rekirin Itagaki Seishiroˆ , 242, See Manchurian mondoˆ shuˆ Incident Kamo no Choˆ me, 57–9, 298 Itagaki Taisuke, 166, 168, 184, 233, Kamutsuke no Mineo, 39 See Popular Rights Movement Kan Naoto, 297 Italy, 248, 268 kana, 37–8 Itoˆ Hirobumi, 158, 166, 174, 195, 208, kandaka system, 75 233, 237, See Meiji Constitution Kan’ei famine, 132 Iwakura mission, 160, 168, 171, 214 Kanikoˆ sen, 226, See Kobayashi Takiji Iwakura Tomomi, 156, 176, kanji, 16, 37, 238, 299 See Iwakura mission Katoˆ Koˆ mei, 220 Iwanosuke, 138 Kawaji Toshiyoshi, 161 Iwo Jima, 250 Kayano Shigeru, 204 Izumi Shikibu, 38 Kaze no tani no Nausicaa¨, 281, See Miyazaki Hayao Japanese wolf, 187 Keioˆ University, 171 and Buddhism and Shinto, 187–9 Keizai yoˆ ryaku, 6, 172, See Satoˆ and Pleistocene evolution, 11–12 Nobuhiro Japan–Korea Treaty, 206–7, See unequal Kenmu revolution, 62–5 treaties Kenseitoˆ , 235, 237 Jinnoˆ shoˆ toˆ ki, 79, See Kitabatake Ki no Tsurayuki, 40 Chikafusa Kido Koˆ in, 160–1 Jiyuˆ toˆ , 166, 184, 233 kihoˆ , 74 Joˆ do Shinshuˆ sectarians, 111 Kim Ok-gyun, 208 Joˆ kyuˆ War, 56 Kinkakuji, 81 Joˆ mon, 7–10, 12–15, 26–7, 32, 136, Kinsoˆ ryoˆ jishoˆ , 74–5 299 Kira Yoshinaka, 127, See Akoˆ Joseon dynasty, 117, 206, 208, See Korea vendetta Joˆ tenji temple, 59 Kishida Toshiko, 169 JR Group, 272 Kissa yoˆ joˆ ki, 73, See Myoˆ an Eisai Jurakudai palace, 112, 120, 122 Kita Ikki, 237, 239, 245, See Nihon kaizoˆ hoˆ an taikoˆ Kaempfer, Engelbert, 130 Kitabatake Chikafusa, 63, 79, 137, Kageroˆ nikki See Jinnoˆ shoˆ toˆ ki and childbirth, 36 Kitasato Shibasaburoˆ , 212 and smallpox, 33 Kitsuhiko, 23 and urban beggars, 35 Kitsuhime, 23 Kaiho Seiryoˆ , 180 Kiyomihara, 24, 34 kaikoku, 145 Kiyomihara Codes, 25

Index 329

Kiyomizu temple, 53, 299 Kwantung Army, 227, 235, 239–40, Kiyosu castle, 104 242–3 Kiyosu conference, 110–11 Kyoˆ hoˆ famine, 132 Kiyowara no Iehira, 52 Kyoto, 29, 33–5, 40, 47, 53, 55–9, 63, Kiyowara no Sanehira, 52 66–9, 71–3, 79, 96, 104, 106–8, Kobayashi Takiji, 226, See Kanikoˆ sen 110, 112, 117, 120, 122, 153, Kobayashi Yoshinori, 259, 264, 155–7, 174, 188, 299 See Sensoˆ ron Koch, Robert, 212, 214 labour unions Koˆ fukuji temple, 53–4, 70 and US occupation, 267–8 kofun, 20–2, See Yamato confederacy Lady Nii, 54 Kojiki, 27 Lakagı´gar, 132, See Tenmei famine Kokinshuˆ , 37–40 Latter Three Years War, 52 kokudaka system, 75 Laws for Military Households, 120, kokutai, 146, 244 See Edo bakufu Kokutai no hongi, 43, 244 League of Nations, 222, 240, 243 and poetry, 42 Levellers’ Society, 232, See burakumin; Konishi Yukinaga, 116, 120 eta Konjikidoˆ pavilion, 29 Li Hongzhang, 146, 208 Koˆ no Hironaka, 209 Liaodong peninsula, 219, 224 Konoe Fumimaro, 246 Liberal Democratic Party, 261, 271, 300 Korea, 11, 16–19, 23, 30, 33, 59–61, List, Friedrich, 172 74, 76, 95, 105, 111, 115–17, 119, Loyola, Ignatius, 96 122, 187, 205, 210, 218, 222, Lunyu, 126, See Confucianism; 224–5, 253–4, 257, 263, 270–3, Confucius; Neo-Confucianism 275, 291, 298, 302 Lyman, Benjamin, 204 and Japanese colonialism, 206–9 Lytton Report, 243, See Manchurian and Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s invasion, Incident 115–19 and Yamato involvement, 31–2 MacArthur, Douglas, 248, 250, 259, Kosugi Genteki, 153 262, 265–7, 269 Kotohira shrine, 189 Maeno Ryoˆ taku, 150–1 Kozukapara, 151 Maitreya Buddha, 64, See Buddhism Krishitan monogatari, 88 Makimuku Ishizuka tomb, 23 Kublai Khan, 60, See Mongol Mamiya Rinzoˆ , 141 invasions Man’yoˆ shuˆ , 24, 187 Kudoˆ Heisuke, 131 Manabe Akikatsu, 156 Kulmus, Johannes Adam, 150, Manchukuo, 243, 247 See Anatomische Tabellen Manchuria, 206, 224–5, 240, 254 Kumazawa Banzan, 129, 190, 198 and beginning of Paciﬁc War, 242–5 Kume Kunitake, 160 Manchurian Incident, 242–5 kuniezu, See provincial maps manga, 280 Kuril Islands, 202, 224 Mao Zedong, 223 Kuroda Kiyotaka, 168, 205, 233 Marco Polo Bridge Incident, 224, 246 Kusunoki Masashige, 64 Maria Luz Incident, 168 Kusunoki Masasue, 64 Matsudaira Shungaku, 156 Kusunose Kita, 169 Matsudaira Yorinori, 157 Kuwata Ryuˆ sai, 203 Matsudaira Yoritaka, 85 Kuzu, 28 Matsukata Masayoshi, 173, 183, 193

330 Index

Matsukura Katsuie, 95, See Shimabara Minami Sanriku, 295 Uprising Minamoto no Shitagau, 74, Matsumae domain, 95, 202–3 See Wamyoˆ rui shuˆ shoˆ and Ezo conquest, 136–9 Minamoto no Yorimasa, 54 Matsumoto Joˆ ji, 266 Minamoto no Yoritomo, 53–6, 109 Matsuo Bashoˆ , 139–40, See Oku no Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, 51 hosomichi Minamoto no Yoshiie, 52 Matsuo Taseko, 155 Minamoto no Yoshitsune, 53–5, 140 Matsuoka Yoˆ suke, 243, 247 Ming dynasty, 78–9, 86, 92, 101, Meiji Constitution, 166, 177, 233, 236, 116–17, 147, See China 240, 266, See Itoˆ Hirobumi Ministry of Education, 167, 244 Meiji emperor, 4, 160–1, 189, 213–14, and Ienaga Saburoˆ , 264 233, 255, 266, See Meiji period; Ministry of International Trade and Meiji Restoration Industry, 273, 300 and the Meiji Constitution, 166 Minobe Tatsukichi, 244 Meiji period, 162, 205, 233, 236 mirrors, 16, 21 and colonialism in Korea, 206–9 Mito School, 147 and colonization of Hokkaido, 202–5 Mitsubishi Bank, 235 and textile industry, 209–11 Mitsumine shrine, 188 Meiji Restoration, 3, 65, 124, 142, Miyazaki Hayao, 262, 281, See anime; 158–9, 162, 170, 176, 178, 188–9, Heisei tanuki gassen ponpoko; 191, 195, 199, 203, 205–7, 210, Kaze no tani no Nausicaa¨; 236, 302, See Meiji emperor; Meiji Mononokehime period modern girl, 179, 231 and agriculture, 179–86 Mongol invasions, 44, 60–2, 137 and fossil fuel energy, 191–5 Mononobe family, 31 and military conscription, 182–3 Mononokehime, 281, See Miyazaki and public discipline, 214–15 Hayao and separation of Buddhism and Mori Arinori, 168, 172 Shinto, 188–9 Morita Akio, 274, See Sony Meiji Six Society, 164, 167 Morrill Act, 177 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake, 290 mother of Michitsuna, See Kageroˆ nikki men of high purpose, 155–7 Motoori Norinaga, 146, 189, 206 Mencius, 63, See Mengzi Mount Hiei, See Enryakuji Mengzi, 126, See Mencius; Neo- Mukden, 219, 243 Confucianism Murakami Haruki middle class and Japanese relationship with rise of, 229–32 nature, 41–2 Miike mine, 193, See coal; fossil fuel Murasaki Shikibu, 26, 37–8 Mill, John Stuart, 163, 168, 172, 184, Muromachi culture, 79, 81–2 See On Liberty; Principles of Murray, David, 168 Political Economy Mushi mezuru himegimi, 281 Mimana, 32, See Korea Myoˆ an Eisai, 73, See Kissa yoˆ joˆ ki Mimasaka Blood Tax rebellion, 131, 180–1 Nagasaki, 17, 90–1, 93, 95, 102, 151, Minamata disease, See Minamata 187, 242, 253, 257, 300, 303 methyl-mercury poisoning Nagashino castle, 105 Minamata methyl-mercury poisoning, Nagayo Sensai, 214 274–6, See pollution Nagoya, 286

Index 331

Nakagawa Seibei, 204 Nishimura Shigeki, 163 Nakamura Masanao, 168 Noˆ drama, 81 Nakano Makiko, 174 Noˆ bi earthquake, 290–1 Nakasone Yasuhiro, 259, 271 Noda Yoshihiko, 271 Nakatomi family, 31 Nogi Maresuke, 4, 208 Nanbanjin, 86 Noguchi Shitagau, 275, See Chisso Nanjing Massacre, 252, 263–4 Corporation Nankaidoˆ earthquake, 292 North and South Courts period, 67 Nan’yoˆ , See South Pacific nuclear power industry, 300–2 Nanzenji temple, 64 Numazu shell middens, 13 Nara period, 23, 25–6, 28–30, 32–4, 42, 53–4, 70, 77, 85, 122 Oda Nobuhide, 103 nation Oda Nobumitsu, 104 and imagined community, 8 Oda Nobunaga, 102–10 and manipulation of history, 7–8 Oda Nobutada, 109–10 the material nature of, 8–9 Oda Nobutaka, 110 National Economics Association, 173 Oda Nobutomo, 104 Natsushima shell mounds Oda Nobuyuki, 104 and dog remains, 13 Oda Sanboˆ shi, 110 nature Oˆ e Kenzaburoˆ , 301 and East Asian thought, 5–7 ofudafuri, 145 and European empire, 84–5 Ogasawara Nagamichi, 157 and Heian period, 37–42 Ogyuˆ Sorai, 129 and Japan’s post-war pollution, and Akoˆ vendetta, 128 274–8 Ohara Shigechika, 176 and Japanese civilization, 10 Oˆ i Kentaroˆ , 184 and Japanese whaling, 228–9 Oishi Yoshio, 127, See Akoˆ vendetta and medieval forests, 77–8 Okada Keisuke, 245 and oceans and Japan’s pelagic Okada Yoˆ sen, 154 empire, 224–9 oˆ kami, See Hokkaido wolf; Japanese and Pacific War, 252–7 wolf and unification and forests, 121–3 Okhotsk culture, 28, 292 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 223 oˆ kimi, 19, See Yamato confederacy Nejiko, 17 Okinawa, 238 Neo-Confucianism, 96, 126, 146, 149, and martial arts, 238 152, 154, 162, 164, 180, and Pacific War, 250–1 See Confucianism; Zhu Xi Okinawa Electric Power Company, 300 and early modern status system, 127 Okinawa Reversion Treaty, 271 and Edo bakufu, 127–30 Oku no hosomichi, 139, See Matsuo neolithic, 12, 15 Bashoˆ Netherlands, 86, 92, 95, 98, 149–51, Oˆ kubo Toshimichi, 160 154, 156, 171, 195, 214, 247, 249 Oˆ kuma Shigenobu, 159, 215, 220, 233 Nihon kaizoˆ hoˆ an taikoˆ , 237, See Kita Oˆ kuni Takamasa, 206 Ikki Oˆ mura Sumitada, 91, 93, Nihon shoki, 27, 30, 247 See Christianity Niigata methyl-mercury poisoning, 274, On Liberty, 184, See John Stuart Mill See pollution Oˆ nin War, 68–9, 93 Nijoˆ palace, 122 Onna daigaku, 130 Nikkoˆ mausoleum, 122, 126, 195 Ono no Komachi, 38

332 Index

Ontleedkundige tafelen, 151, Poor People’s Party, 184 See Anatomische Tabellen Popular Rights Movement, 166, 168, open door policy, 221–2 170, 184, See Gotoˆ Shoˆ jiroˆ ; Itagaki Operation Meetinghouse, 253 Taisuke Opium War, 146, 167 population, 15–16, 46, 49, 57, 75, 84–5, Origin of Species, 216, See Charles 132–4, 180, 225–6, 232, 235, 286, Darwin 288, 304 Osaka, 170, 226, 286 and Pacific War, 252–3 Osaka castle, 112, 122 Port Arthur, 208, 219, 255 Oˆ shio Heihachiroˆ , 147, See Senshindoˆ Portugal, 84, 86–93, 97–8, 100, 102, satsuki 105 Oˆ sugi Sakae, 237 and colonization of Brazil, 86–7 Oˆ uchi Yoshihiro, 67 Potosı´, 86 Owari domain, 103–4, 113 pottery, 12–13, 15, 117 Prince Kaneyoshi, 78 Pacific War, 1, 5, 11, 148, 180, 215, Prince Mochihito, 54 218–19, 224, 239–40, 257, 259, Prince Shoˆ toku, 23, 97 261, 264, 278, 280, 288, 296, 302, and ‘Seventeen-article Constitution’, 319 24 and agriculture, 254 Principles of Political Economy, 172, and Japan’s forests, 135 See John Stuart Mill and mainland China, 246–52 provincial maps, 123, 141, See Shoˆ hoˆ and Manchuria, 242–5 Nihonzu and population, 252–3 Public Security Preservation Law, 237 and the environment, 252–7 Pure Land Buddhism, 57, 70, 107 and Tokyo Imperial Zoo, 254–5 Puyi, 221 and US occupation, 262–8 Pyongyang, 208 Pak Yonghyo, 208 Pal, Radhabinod, 265 Qing dynasty, 1, 95, 146, 167, 206, 208, Palaeoloxodon elephants, 11 221, 237, See China palaeolithic, 11, 13 Pearl Harbor, 227, 240, 248–50, 258, Rangaku kotohajime, 150, See Sugita 262, 266 Genpaku Perovskaia, Sophia, 214 Reagan, Ronald, 271 Perry, Matthew C., 143, 145, 175, 206, Rekirin mondoˆ shuˆ , 96, See Kamo no 262 Arikata Philippines, xv, 98, 248, 250 Richardson, Charles, 157 pirates, 44, 51, 59, 61, 78–9, 89, 93 Rikken Minseitoˆ , 235 Pleistocene Epoch, xvi, 10–11, 285 Rikken Seiyuˆ kai, 233 and extinction, 11 Ritsu Precept Buddhism, 73 pollution ritsuryoˆ , 26–8, 30–2, 42, 45, 49, 52, 66, and Ashio mine, 195–9 175 and Basic Law for Pollution Control, Rokkasho reprocessing plant, 301, 277 See nuclear power industry and ‘big four’ cases, 261 Rokumeikan pavilion, 165 and Osaka’s Itami Airport, 277 roˆ nin, 127 and Pacific War, 256–7 Roosevelt, Franklin, 223, 248 and post-war economic development, Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 184, See The 274–8 Social Contract

Index 333

Russia, 131, 143, 156, 202, 208, 214, Satchoˆ alliance, 158–9, See Choˆ shuˆ 219, 223, 225 domain; Satsuma domain Russo-Japanese War, 4, 208–9, 218–19, Satoˆ Genrokuroˆ , 202 223, 225 Satoˆ Motoharu, 140 and Tsushima Strait, 223 Satoˆ Nobuhiro, 6, 172, 206, See Keizai Ryukyu Islands, 85, 88, 95–6, 138, 201, yoˆ ryaku 224, 238, See Okinawa Satow, Ernest, 163 Satsuma domain, 89, 95–6, 157–8, Sai On, 95 160–1, 183, 201, 233 Saigoˆ Takamori, 183 Satsumon culture, 28 Saigyoˆ , 140 science Saionji Kintsune, 60 and Anthropocene Epoch, 284–5 Saitoˆ Jiroˆ , 276 and astronomy, 96–7 Saitoˆ Makoto, 245 and early modern navigation, 97–8 Saitoˆ Musashiboˆ Benkei, 55 and Heian period, 35–7 Sakai, 79 and Kozukapara autopsy, 150–5 Sakamoto Ryoˆ ma, 158, 166, 184, and medieval medicine, 73–5 See Eight-point Plan and sea level rise, xv, 1, 4, 287–8 Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, See Emishi; and spherical planet, 97–8 Yamato and storms, 285–6 saké, 20, 56, 63, 67, 139 Sea of Japan, 11, 226 Sakhalin Island, 28–9, 141, 202, 224 Sei Shoˆ nagon, 35, 38, 40 sakoku, 95 Seibutsu no sekai, 216, See Imanishi Sakuma Shoˆ zan, 146, 148 Kinji Sakura Soˆ goroˆ , 144 seii taishoˆ gun Sakuradamon Incident, 156, See Ii and Minamoto no Yoritomo, 55 Naosuke Seiko Matsuda, 279 samurai, 2, 4, 8, 28–9, 47, 55, 62, Seki Hajime, 173 65–6, 69–72, 79, 81, 87, 90–1, Self-Defence Forces, 270, 297 106, 112, 117, 120, 125, 127–8, Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands, xv, 270–1 131, 138, 143, 145, 154, 156–8, Senshindoˆ satsuki, 147, See Oˆ shio 161, 163, 165–6, 182–3, Heihachiroˆ 189, 210 Sensoˆ ron, 259, 264, See Kobayashi rise of, 44–65 Yoshinori San Felipe Incident, 93 Seoul, 116, 208 San Francisco Peace Treaty, 268 ‘Seventeen-article Constitution’, 24, 97, San Francisco School Board, 222 See Prince Shoˆ toku Sanger, Margaret, 5 Shakushain’s War, 113, 137–8 Sanjoˆ Sanetomi, 156, 161 Shakyamuni, 24, 30, See Buddhism sankin koˆ tai, See alternate attendance Shandong peninsula, 221–2 Sano Yasusada, 149, 152 Shang dynasty, 19, See China Sanriku earthquake, 292 Shanghai, 220, 247 Santa Buenaventura, 98, See William Shibata Katsuie, 110 Adams Shibusawa Eiichi, 173, 232 Santa Fe, Paulo de, 89, See Yajiroˆ Shidehara Kijuˆ roˆ , 269 Sapporo Beer, 204 shiki, 46 Sasameyuki, 212, See Tanizaki Shimabara Uprising, 95, 125, Jun’ichiroˆ See Amakusa Shiroˆ Sassa Narimasa, 110–11 Shimazu Yoshihisa, 111

334 Index

Shin Nihonshi, 264, See Ienaga Saburoˆ spice trade, 83–5 Shingon, 34, 89, 111, 188, status system, 8, 112–13, 126–7, 131–2, See Buddhism 138, 145, 161, 163, 165, 180, 214 shinpan, 120, See daimyoˆ storms Shinpotoˆ , 233 and Anthropocene Epoch, 285–6 Shinto, 3, 5–7, 17, 20, 32–3, 36, 93–4, and post-war Japan, 288–90 115, 126, 137, 146, 155, 172, 186, Sugawara no Michizane, 35 189 Sugita Genpaku, 149, 151, 153–4, 175, and Japanese wolf, 187–9 See Rangaku kotohajime shishi, See men of high purpose Sun Yatsen, 221, 223 Shoˆ dayuˆ , 138, See Shakushain’s War Super Typhoon Haiyan, xv, See storms shoˆ en, 45–6 Supreme Commander of Allied Powers, Shoˆ hoˆ Nihonzu, 141, See provincial 266–70 maps Suzaku Oˆ ji Silla, 31, See Korea and Kyoto, 34 silver, 84 Swanson, Gloria, 231 and early modern trade, 91–3 Sword Hunt, 112, 119, 125, and Ming taxation policy, 92 See Toyotomi Hideyoshi Single Whip Reform, 92 Sylvius, Franciscus, 153 Sino-Japanese War, 165, 208, 210, 220, 270 Tadano Makuzu, 131, See Hitori kangae Skafta´ ﬁres, 133, See Tenmei famine Taga, 28, 140 smallpox, 205 Taguchi Ukichi, 163 and Ainu vaccinations, 203 Taiheiki, 75 and Korean contact, 33 Taihoˆ -Yoˆ roˆ Codes, 24, 36 and Nara and Heian periods, 33 Taika Reforms, 24, 45 and New World colonization, 85–6 Taino Smith, Adam, 6, 172, See The Wealth of and Spanish conquest, 85–6 Nations Taiping Rebellion, 95 Smith, W. Eugene, 274 Taira no Kiyomori, 53–4 Smythe, Lewis, 252 Taira no Masakado Society of Jesus, 90, See Christianity and Masakado’s rebellion, 46, 50 Soˆ fukuji temple, 59 Taira no Sadamori, 50 Soga family, 31 Taira no Tadatsune Soga no Umako and Tadatsune’s rebellion, 47 and Buddhism, 31 Taishoˆ democracy, 223, 229 Song dynasty, 60, 73, See China Taiwan, 219, 224, 229, 271, 275, 291 sonnoˆ joˆ i, 145 Takahashi Korekiyo, 245 Sony, 261, 274 Takahata Isao, 281, See anime Sousa, Tome de, 87 Takamatsu castle, 110 South Manchurian Railroad, 218–20 Takamure Itsue, 231 Southeast Asia, 15, 98, 100, 171, 224, Takeda Katsuyori, 105 247–8 Takeshima/Dokdo Islands, 271 Southern Song dynasty, 59–60, Takezaki Suenaga, 44, 61 See China tally trade, 78–9 Soviet Union, 246, 267 Tanaka Shoˆ zoˆ , 196–9, See Ashio mine; Soviet–Japan Neutrality Pact, 248 pollution Spain Tanba Yasuyori, 74, See Ishinpoˆ and New World conquest, 85–6 Tanegashima, 86–7, 93, 97–8, 100

Index 335

Tang dynasty, 28, 30, 32–3, 48–9, 85, Toˆ shoˆ guˆ shrine, 95, 122, 126 146, 175–6, See China Toˆ yama Mitsuru, 209 Tanizaki Jun’ichiroˆ , 212, 224, Toyoda Kiichiroˆ , 273 See Sasameyuki Toyota, 1, 5, 261, 273–4, 297 Taoism, 126 Toyotomi Hidenaga, 115 Tashiro Eisuke, 185, See Chichibu Toyotomi Hidetsugu, 116, 119 Uprising Toyotomi Hideyori, 119–20 Tendai, 34, 59, 106, 188, See Buddhism; Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 91, 93, 125 Enryakuji and Christianity, 94 Tenmei famine, 132–3 and Korean invasion, 115–19 Tenpoˆ famine, 132 and rise to prominence, 110–15 Tetsuwan Atom, 280, See Tezuka tozama, 121, See daimyoˆ Osamu Treaty of Amity and Commerce, 155 textile industry, 209–11 Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and and tuberculosis, 211–14 Security between the US and Japan, Tezuka Osamu, 280, See manga; 270 Tetsuwan Atom Treaty of Nerchinsk, 202 The Social Contract, 184, See Jean- Treaty of Portsmouth, 209, 220, Jacques Rousseau See Russo-Japanese War The Wealth of Nations, 172, See Adam Treaty of St Petersburg, 224 Smith Treaty of Versailles, 222, 224 Thirty-eight Years War, 29, See Emishi; Tripartite Pact, 248 Yamato triple disaster, xv, 41, 132, 196, 282, tianxia, 78 287, See Great Eastern Japan Tientsin Convention, 208 earthquake Timely School Buddhism, 57 True Pure Land Buddhism, 57 Toba, 158–9 Tsuchigumo, 28 Toˆ daiji, 30, 32, 54, 77, 122 Tsuda Umeko, 168 Toˆ fukuji temple, 59, 73 Tsukiji ﬁsh market, 228, 276 Toˆ goˆ Heihachiroˆ , 208 tsunami, xv, xvii Toˆ joˆ Hideki, 247–50, 263, 265 Tsushima domain Tokugawa Hitotsubashi, 156 and wild boar, 187 Tokugawa Iemitsu, 94, 122 Tsushima Strait, 117, 119 Tokugawa Iemochi, 156–7 and naval battle, 223 Tokugawa Ieyasu, 95, 105, 108, 110, Tupis, 86–8 119–20, 125 Twenty-one Demands, 220 Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, 130 Twenty-six Saints, 94 Tokugawa Yoshimune, 85, 175 Two Twenty-Six Incident, 245 Tokyo, 160, 263, 286 Typhoon Ida, 288–9, See storms Tokyo Electric Power Company Typhoon Vera, 290, See storms (TEPCO), 296 Tokyo Girls’ School, 168 Ueki Emori, 184 Tokyo Imperial Zoo, 263 Umehara Takeshi, 299 and Paciﬁc War, 254–5 Un’yoˆ Incident, 206 Tokyo University, 171, 214 unconditional surrender, 242 Toˆ nankai earthquake, 292 unequal treaties, 155, 158–9, 173–4, tortoise shell divination, 19 176, 201, 206–7, 216, See Harris Tosa domain, 166 Treaty; Treaty of Amity and Tosa nikki, 38 Commerce

336 Index

Unit 731, 252 women United States, 1, 3, 5, 92, 100, 143, and modern girl, 231 146, 155–6, 158–60, 164, 174–5, and the Meiji state, 167–70 177, 186, 189, 201, 206–7, 216, 218–19, 221–3, 229–31, 235–6, Xavier, Francis, 89, 96 239–40, 242, 247–50, 252–3, 255, 257–9, 261–2, 265–73, Yajiroˆ , 89, See Paulo de Santa Fe 279–81, 288, 291, 296–8, Yamagata Aritomo, 161, 208, 234 301–2 Yamai no soˆ shi, 48 and occupation of Japan, 262–8 Yamamoto Isoroku, 248, 250 Ural-Altaic languages, 11 Yamatai, 18, 23, See Yamato confederacy Vairocana Buddha, 30, 89, Yamato battleship, 5 See Buddhism; Toˆ daiji Yamato confederacy, 5, 10, 17, 20, 22–4, Valignano, Alexandro, 90 26–8, 30–1, 49, 176, 251, 311 Vesalius, Andreas, 151, See De Humani and Korea, 32 Corporis Fabrica Yamawaki Toˆ yoˆ , 149, 153, See Zoˆ shi Virchow, Rudolf, 215 Yanagita Kunio, 227 volcanism, xvi, 193 Yasukuni shrine, 257, 264, 271, 302 and infectious disease, 48 Yayoi, 7–10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 22, 27–8, and Tenmei famine, 132–3 30–1, 36 and agriculture, 15–16 Wa kingdom, 16–20, 23, 25 Yi Sun-shin, 117 waka poetry, 37, 40–2 yin-yang, 23, 131 Wakatsuki Reijiroˆ , 243 Yodogimi, 119 ‘Wall Writings of Osaka Castle’, 115, Yokkaichi asthma, 261, 274, 276–7, See Toyotomi Hideyoshi See pollution Wamyoˆ rui shuˆ shoˆ , 74, See Minamoto Yokohama, 160, 168 no Shitagau Yosano Kaoru, 300 Wang Yangming, 147, See Neo- Yoshida Shigeru, 157, 268–70 Confucianism Yoshida Shoˆ in, 157–8, 175 Wang Zhi, 93 Yoshihama village, 295 Warring States period, 65–6, 69, 72, Yoshino, 64, 67 75–7, 81, 85, 87, 89, 92–3, 96, 102, Yoshinogari, 17, 22 104–6, 110, 112, 117, 120–1, 125, Yoshiwara pleasure quarters, 130 313 Yuan dynasty, 60, See China; Mongol Washington Naval Conference, 223 invasions Watsuji Tetsuroˆ , 284 Yuan Shikai, 221 Watt, James, 193 Yuˆ ryaku, 23, See Yamato confederacy Wayland, Francis, 171, See Elements of Political Economy Zeimoto, Francisco, 87 Weber, Max, 6, 310 Zen Buddhism, 57, 59, 73, 81, 97, 126 Wei Yuan, 175, See Haiguo tuzhi Zhang Zoulin, 242 Wei zhi, 18–20 Zhong yong, 126, See Neo-Confucianism wild boar famine, 133–5 Zhouli, 25 Wilson, Woodrow, 222 Zhu Xi, 126–7, 154, 205, See Neo- wolf, See Hokkaido wolf; Japanese Confucianism wolf Zoˆ shi, 153–4, See Yamawaki Toˆ yoˆ