Tinggalan Situs Berupa Artefak Pada Kota Cina Di Medan Marelan

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Tinggalan Situs Berupa Artefak Pada Kota Cina Di Medan Marelan TINGGALAN SITUS BERUPA ARTEFAK PADA KOTA CINA DI MEDAN MARELAN: ANALISIS BENTUK DAN MAKNA KEBUDAYAAN 棉兰 Marelan 华人区遗物研究:文化形式与意义分析 (Mián lán Marelan huárén qū yíwù yánjiū: Wénhuà xíngshì yǔ yìyì fēnxī) SKRIPSI OLEH: SHELLA RAFIQAH ULLY 120710054 PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA CINA FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Puji Syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas berkat dan rahmat yang telah diberikan-Nya kepada penulis mulai dari masa perkuliahan sampai dengan tahap penyelesaian tugas akhir. Adapun tugas akhir yang diberi judul “Tinggalan Situs Berupa Artefak Pada Kota Cina di Medan Marelan: Analisis Bentuk dan Makna Kebudayaan” ini diselesaikan sebagai persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Budaya, Program Studi Sastra Cina, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Proses pengerjaan skripsi ini tak lepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak. Penulis banyak mendapat dukungan, semangat, waktu, bimbingan dan doa dari mereka. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih yang sedalam- dalamnya kepada : 1. Rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara Prof. Dr. Runtung, S.H.,M.Hum. atas kesempatan yang diberikan kepada penulis sehingga penulis berstatus mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Cina, Universitas Sumatera Utara serta kesempatan untuk menyelesaikan Studi S-1 di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara dengan baik. 2. Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. atas kesempatan dan waktu yang telah diberikan kepada penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan Studi S-I di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara dengan baik. 3. Ketua Program Studi Sastra Cina Mhd Pujiono, M.Hum., Ph.D yang telah memberikan petunjuk dan pengarahan kepada penulis semasa perkuliahan. i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Sekretaris Program Studi Sastra China Niza Ayuningtias, S.S., MTCSOL atas pengarahan yang diberikan untuk penulis mulai dari masa perkuliahan sampai saat ini. 5. Dosen pembimbing I Drs. Muhammad Takari, M.Hum., Ph.D. yang telah dengan sabar membimbing, menasehati serta memberikan bimbingan yang baik kepada penulis selama mengerjakan tugas akhir ini sehingga terselesaikan dengan baik. 6. Dosen pembimbing II Niza Ayuningtias, S.S., MTCSOL Laoshi yang telah sabar membimbing dan susah payah membantu mengerjakan tugas akhir dalam bahasa mandarin dan juga telah memberikan semangat dan dukungan dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini. 7. Ibunda tersayang, Azhariah yang telah memberikan dukungan, semangat dan doa sehingga tugas ini selesai dengan baik. 8. Seluruh dosen dan staff pengajar Program studi Sastra Cina yang setia membantu mengurus segala urusan akademik dan selalu memberikan arahan. 9. Kakak dan adik tersayang, Tio, Tumiar, Dora dan Putra yang telah memberikan semangat dan terus menemani selama proses pengerjaan tugas ini hingga selesai. 10. Teman tumbuh yang selalu memberi masukan dan dukungan, Mumu, Rati dan Yuni. Terimakasih. 11. Keluarga Besar Pers Mahasiswa SUARA USU, seluruh teman-teman yang turut menemani penulis selama berproses di „rumah tanpa jeda‟. ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Terimakasih untuk banyak ilmu dan pengalaman berharga semasa penulis menjadi mahasiswa. 12. Teman-teman baik hati Faeny, Putri, Dila, Lara, Oka, Yulia, Ira dan Seltica yang senantiasa memacu semangat menyelesaikan tugas ini. Terimakasih. 13. Seluruh teman-teman seperjuangan Stambuk 2012 Program Studi Sastra Cina yang telah memberikan dukungan serta senantiasa menemani selama 4 tahun masa perkuliahan. 14. Informan yang telah memberikan waktu dan kesempatan serta memberikan ilmu kepada penulis, dan masyarakat yang telah berkenan diwawancarai. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Penulis berharap agar tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi para pembaca. Selain itu dapat menjadi sumbangan untuk ilmu pengetahuan, khususnya dalam bidang Sastra Cina. Oleh sebab itu, kepada semua pihak penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang bersifat membangun, demi perbaikan skripsi ini. Medan, 2017 Penulis Shella Rafiqah Ully NIM. 120710054 iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini bertajuk “Tinggalan Situs Berupa Artefak Pada Kota Cina di Medan Marelan: Analisis Bentuk dan Makna Kebudayaan” Penelitian ini meninjau dua aspek dari beberapa tinggalan artefak yang bermuatan budaya Tionghoa di Situs Kota Cina Medan Marelan, yaitu aspek bentuk dan makna. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan dua teori, yakni: (a) teori semiotik dari Peirce dan (b) teori bentuk Arsitektur. Metode dan teknik yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan berdasar kepada observasi lapangan, studi pustaka dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (a) tinggalan artefak di Situs Kota Cina Medan Marelan yang bermuatan budaya Tionghoa masing- masing memiliki bentuk dan material khusus yang dapat mengidentifikasikan sejarah serta mulanya artefak diproduksi (b) masing-masing tinggalan artefak di Situs Kota Cina memiliki makna tertentu baik itu ditinjau dari ikon, simbol ataupun indeksnya. Kata kunci: tinggalan, artefak, Situs Kota Cina, bentuk, makna iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis entitled "The Artefacts in Kota Cina Site Medan Marelan: Analysis of Cultural Form and Meaning." This research reviews two aspects of several Chinese cultural artefacts left at Kota Cina Site Medan Marelan, the aspects of form and meaning. In this research, the author uses two theories, namely: (a) the semiotic theory of Peirce and (b) the form of architecture theory. This research is qualitative research employing field observation, literature review and interview as instruments. The results of this research are: (a) the remainng artefacts at Kota Cina Site of Medan Marelan containing Chinese culture have certain shapes and materials that can identify the history and origin of the produced artefacts (b) each of the artefacts in Kota Cina Site has a certain meaning viewed from the icon, symbol or index. Keywords: remains, artefacts, Kota Cina Site, form, meaning v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1 Peta Kecamatan Medan Marelan ............................................. 25 Gambar 2 Arca Dhiyani Budha Amitaba ................................................. 38 Gambar 3 Koin Dinasti Yuan, Song dan Ming ........................................ 40 Gambar 4 Ilustrasi Koin Cina Kuno.......................................................... 42 Gambar 5 Koin Cina Kuno ...................................................................... 42 Gambar 6 Mangkuk Cina Kuno ................................................................ 44 Gambar 7 Fragmen Vas Qing Bai ............................................................ 47 Gambar 8 Fragmen Mangkuk Qing Bai ................................................... 48 Gambar 9 Fragmen Cepuk Keramik Qing Bai ......................................... 48 Gambar 10 Fragmen Mangkuk Seladon .................................................. 50 Gambar 11 Fragmen Piring Seladon ........................................................ 50 Gambar 12 Fragmen Tutup Cepuk Keramik De Hua .............................. 51 Gambar 13 Fragmen Keramik Biru-Putih Dinasti Qing .......................... 53 Gambar 14 Fragmen Keramik Biru-Putih Dinasti Ming .......................... 53 Gambar 15 Fragmen Mercury Jar............................................................. 53 Gambar 16 Sikap Tangan Dhyanamudra pada Arca ................................. 55 Gambar 17 Ilustrasi Berbagai Mudra ....................................................... 57 Gambar 18 Susunan Lima Dunia dan Tiga Serangkai Dewa .................... 58 Gambar 19 Pedang Emas dari Koin Cina ................................................ 61 Gambar 20 Koin Cina pada Sesajian Agama di Bali ............................... 61 Gambar 21 Motif Flora Pada Mangkuk Cina Kuno ................................. 62 Gambar 22 Motif Flora Bunga Krisan ..................................................... 65 Gambar 23 Motif Flora Bunga Anggrek .................................................. 66 Gambar 24 Motif Flora Bunga Teratai ..................................................... 67 Gambar 25 Motif Flora Pohon Pinus ....................................................... 68 Gambar 26 Motif Flora Pohon Bambu ..................................................... 69 Gambar 27 Fragmen Keramik Motif Flora .............................................. 72 Gambar 28 Fragmen Keramik Motif Plum dan Teratai ........................... 73 Gambar 29 Motif Geometri Unsur Motif Bergaris Lurus ........................ 75 Gambar 30 Motif Geometri Unsur Desain Melengkung .......................... 75 Gambar 31 Motif Geometri Gabungan .................................................... 76 Gambar 32 Fragmen Keramik Bermotif Geometri .................................. 76 Gambar 33 Fragmen Keramik Bermotif Geometri ................................... 77 Gambar 34 Fragmen Keramik Bermotif Geometri .................................. 77 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4.1 Data Jarak Kantor Lurah ke Kantor Camat .............................. 25 Tabel 4.2 Data Jumlah Penduduk s.d September 2015 ............................. 26 Tabel 4.3 Data Jumlah Penduduk Berdasarkan Tenaga Kerja ................. 26 Tabel 4.4 Data Jumlah Penduduk Berdasarkan Agama ........................... 28 Tabel 5.1 Bentuk dan Makna Tinggalan Artefak Pada Situs Kota Cina di Medan Marelan.................................. 78 vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ..........................................................................................
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