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Korea and Vietnam: Limited War and the American Political System
Korea and Vietnam: Limited War and the American Political System By Larry Elowitz A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1972 To Sharon ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express his very deep appreciation to Dr. John W. Spanier for his valuable advice on style and structure. His helpful suggestions were evident throughout the entire process of writing this dissertation. Without his able supervision, the ultimate completion of this work would have been ex- ceedingly difficult. The author would also like to thank his wife, Sharon, whose patience and understanding during the writing were of great comfort. Her "hovering presence," for the "second" time, proved to be a valuable spur to the author's research and writing. She too, has made the completion of this work possible. The constructive criticism and encouragement the author has received have undoubtedly improved the final product. Any shortcomings are, of course, the fault of the author. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES viii ABSTRACT xii CHAPTER 1 THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SYSTEM AND LIMITED WAR 1 Introduction 1 American Attitudes 6 Analytical Framework 10 Variables and Their Implications 15 2 PROLOGUE--A COMPARISON OF THE STAKES IN THE KOREAN AND VIETNAM WARS 22 The External Stakes 22 The Two Wars: The Specific Stakes. 25 The Domino Theory 29 The Internal Stakes 32 The Loss of China Syndrome: The Domestic Legacy for the Korean and Vietnam Wars 32 The Internal Stakes and the Eruption of the Korean War 37 Vietnam Shall Not be Lost: The China Legacy Lingers 40 The Kennedy and Johnson Administra- tions: The Internal Stakes Persist . -
Mark Scheme B569 Buddhism 1
GCSE Religious Studies A (World Religion(s)) Unit B569: Buddhism 1 (Beliefs, Special Days, Divisions and Interpretations) General Certificate of Secondary Education Mark Scheme for June 2014 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report on the examination. OCR will not enter into any discussion or correspondence in connection with this mark scheme. -
REL 444/544 Medieval Japanese Buddhism, Fall 2019 CRN16061/2 Mark Unno
REL 444/544 Medieval Japanese Buddhism, Fall 2019 CRN16061/2 Mark Unno Instructor: Mark T. Unno, Office: SCH 334 TEL 6-4973, munno (at) uoregon.edu http://pages.uoregon.edu/munno/ Wed. 2:00 p.m. - 4:50 p.m., Condon 330; Office Hours: Mon 10:00-10:45 a.m.; Tues 1:00-1:45 p.m. No Canvas site. Overview REL 444/544 Medieval Japanese Buddhism focuses on selected strains of Japanese Buddhism during the medieval period, especially the Kamakura (1185-1333), but also traces influences on later developments including the modern period. The course weaves together the examination of religious thought and cultural developments in historical context. We begin with an overview of key Buddhist concepts for those without prior exposure and go onto examine the formative matrix of early Japanese religion. Once some of the outlines of the intellectual and cultural framework of medieval Japanese Buddhism have been brought into relief, we will proceed to examine in depth examples of significant medieval developments. In particular, we will delve into the work of three contemporary figures: Eihei Dōgen (1200-1253), Zen master and founding figure of the Sōtō sect; Myōe of the Shingon and Kegon sects, focusing on his Shingon practices; and Shinran, founding figure of Jōdo Shinshū, the largest Pure Land sect, more simply known as Shin Buddhism. We conclude with the study of some modern examples that nonetheless are grounded in classical and medieval sources, thus revealing the ongoing influence and transformations of medieval Japanese Buddhism. Themes of the course include: Buddhism as state religion; the relation between institutional practices and individual religious cultivation; ritual practices and transgression; gender roles and relations; relations between ordained and lay; religious authority and enlightenment; and two-fold truth and religious practice. -
Back Copies of Buddhist Studies Review
Vol. 15, 1 Buddhist Studies Review 1998 CONTENTS Frontispiece Buddhist Studies Review and the UK Association for Buddhist Studies.. .. ~ ..... 1 The Trials of Yasodhara and the Birth of Rahula: A Synopsis of Bhadrakalpavadana II-IX — Joel Tatelman .. 3 A Critical Examination of Nanavira's 'A Note on Paticcasamuppada' (I) — Bhikkhu Bodhi .. 43 -ft i 4- — tr. * $ Ekottaragama (XXIII) Thich Huyen-Vi and % Bhikkhu Pasadika 65 Obituaries; Jean Boisselier, Albert Le Bonheur, Walter Couvreur, Wtadysiaw Misiewicz, Bhikkhu Nanajlvako 71 Letter to the Editor 79 Review Article: Abhidhamma Studies at the British Buddhist Association and A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma — A. Haviland-Nye .. 81 Book Reviews 100 ISSN 0265-2897 © 1998 Buddhist Studies Review Buddhist Studies Review is the semi-annual journal of the U K Association for Buddhist Studies and is sponsored by the Inst i tut de recherche bouddhique Linh-Sdn Advisory Committee: Ven. Thich Huyen-Vi (Spiritual Adviser) Eric Cheetham J.W. de Jong Hubert Dun K.R. Norman G.C. Pande Charles Prebish Peter Skilling Paul Williams Editor. Russell Webb Assistant Editors: Bhikkhu Pasadika, Sara Boin-Webb N. American Representative: Charles S, Prebish For editorial addresses and subscription details,' see inside back cover. Vol.15, 1 BUDDHIST STUDIES REVIEW 1998 Frontispiece: the calligraphy in Sino-Vietnamese characters (Norn) by Ven Thich Huyen-Vi reads: Buddhist Studies Review and the UK Association for Buddhist Studies As of 1998, Buddhist Studies Review has been endorsed as the Mental phenomena are preceded by mind, have journal of the UK Association for Buddhist Studies. All paid up mind as their leader, are made by mind. -
And Daemonic Buddhism in India and Tibet
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2012 The Raven and the Serpent: "The Great All- Pervading R#hula" Daemonic Buddhism in India and Tibet Cameron Bailey Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE RAVEN AND THE SERPENT: “THE GREAT ALL-PERVADING RHULA” AND DMONIC BUDDHISM IN INDIA AND TIBET By CAMERON BAILEY A Thesis submitted to the Department of Religion in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Religion Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2012 Cameron Bailey defended this thesis on April 2, 2012. The members of the supervisory committee were: Bryan Cuevas Professor Directing Thesis Jimmy Yu Committee Member Kathleen Erndl Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For my parents iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank, first and foremost, my adviser Dr. Bryan Cuevas who has guided me through the process of writing this thesis, and introduced me to most of the sources used in it. My growth as a scholar is almost entirely due to his influence. I would also like to thank Dr. Jimmy Yu, Dr. Kathleen Erndl, and Dr. Joseph Hellweg. If there is anything worthwhile in this work, it is undoubtedly due to their instruction. I also wish to thank my former undergraduate advisor at Indiana University, Dr. Richard Nance, who inspired me to become a scholar of Buddhism. -
Vesak Eng.Pdf
Vasak Day and Global Civilization Author : Phra Brahmagunabhorn (P.A.Payutto) Translator : Ven.Asst.Prof. Dr. Phramaha Hansa Dhammahaso Edited : Mr. Robin Philip Moor Graphic Design : Sarun Upansak, Usa Bunjonjad First Printing : 3000 Copies, May 2011 Published by : Mahachulalongkorn rajavidyalaya University 79 M.1, Lam Sai, Wang Noi, Ayutthaya, 13170, Thailand. Tel. +66 (035)24-8000 www.mcu.ac.th Printed by : Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya Press Wat Mahathatu. Tha Prachan, Phra Nakhon, Bangkok 10200 Tel 0-2221-8892 Fax 0-2923-5623 www.mcu.ac.th Preface Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University (MCU) has been privileged to witness and play a crucial role in developing and hosting successful UNDV celebrations from the beginning in 2004/ 2547 to 2011/2554 (except in 2008/2551 – the celebrations were held in Hanoi, Vietnam). As always, we are all very grateful to the Royal Thai Government for its constant support, and thank the Thai Supreme Sangha Council for its blessings, guidance and support. We are indebted, also, to the United Nations for recognizing the thrice-sacred Buddhist holy day. It has been 2554 years since the death of our Great Teacher, and we have gathered here from across the globe, from many nations, to again pay tribute to his birth, enlightenment, and death – occurring on the same day in different years. For the celebrations this year, the Inter- national Association of Buddhist Universities (IABU), created during the UNDV in 2007/2550 by the participating Buddhist higher institutions, plays an important role. The IABU Secretariat now plays a major role in our celebrations, particularly in the academic program of the conference. -
Interfaith Calendar
2018 - 2019 18-month interfaith calendar 18-Month Interfaith Calendar To foster and support inclusive communities, Diversity Awareness Partnership is pleased to present the 2018-2019 18-Month Interfaith Calendar. This publication is a handy guide to observances celebrated across 25 religious traditions in the St. Louis region. When planning your organization’s schedule, refer to our Interfaith Calendar to honor the holidays your friends, neighbors, and colleagues celebrate. Considerations In order to be more accommodating for people who practice different religions, consider the following: FOOD Food and drink are central to many traditions’ rituals and practices. Consider vegetarian, vegan, non-alcoholic, and decaf options, which can accommodate a wide variety of religious and ethical choices. HOURS Some holidays may require individuals to worship or pray during different hours than they may the rest of the year. Consider flexibility that takes into account the work and objectives of your student or employee, rather than the typical time frame when this is normally accomplished. TIME OFF Many organizations have standard holidays for all employees or students that are built around the worldview of a particular religion - Christianity, for example. Consider allowing practitioners of other religions to float these holidays or make shifts in their schedules. Again, the priority should be the quality of the work, not where or when it takes place. DEADLINES/WORK FLOW During holidays that require prayer at late/early hours or that require fasting, some individuals may experience decreased stamina. Examine project schedules or work deadlines to see if they can be adjusted, if need be. PRAYER Some religions require daily or periodic prayer that requires solitude and quiet. -
PACIFIC WORLD Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies
PACIFIC WORLD Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies Third Series Number 12 Fall 2010 SPECIAL ISSUE: BUDDHISMS IN JAPAN TITLE iii Ritual of the Clear Light Mantra Richard K. Payne Institute of Buddhist Studies On abogya beiroshanō makabotara mani handoma jimbara harabaritaya un. —Clear Light Mantra in Japanese pronunciation THE MANTRA OF THE CLEAR LIGHT (Kōmyō Shingon, 光明眞言), “oṃ amogha vairocana mahā mudrā maṇi padma jvala pravarttaya hūṃ,”1 has its origins in the tantric period of Indian Buddhism, and texts pro- moting its practice were introduced into China in the sixth to eighth centuries. For example, the mantra is found in the Sutra of the Mantra of Divine Transformation of the Unfailing Rope Snare (†Amoghapaśa vikriṇita mantra sūtra, T. 1092, trans. Bodhiruci2). A portion of that work that treats the Clear Light Mantra was translated as a separate text by Amoghavajra under the title Sutra of the Mantra of Light of the Baptism of Vairocana of the Unfailing Rope Snare (T. 1002).3 These works form part of what may be considered Pure Land Buddhism broadly defined, that is, although the chief deity of the texts is Mahāvairocana, birth in Amitābha’s Sukhāvatī is advocated.4 As has been suggested in another essay, this supports a view of medieval Indian Buddhism in which Pure Land and tantric forms were not clearly delineated as distinct sectar- ian entities.5 Although the work by Amoghavajra is recorded to have been brought from China to Japan by Kūkai, the mantra was not popularized in Japan until the late medieval period. Key to these efforts at popu- larization were such figures as Myōe Kōben (明慧高辯, 1173–1232)6 and Eizon (叡尊, also pronounced Eison, 1201–1290).7 It seems likely that efforts to popularize practice of the Clear Light Mantra were, like similar efforts related to visualization of the syllable A (ajikan, 阿字 観), intended to provide a simple practice comparable to, and perhaps 223 224 Pacific World competitive with, the nenbutsu (念仏). -
Lightofbuddhism1.Pdf
Editorial Contents Page In Sri Lanka, we are emerging from a short dark period of religious intolerance. Easter All Ceylon Buddhist Congress 02 Sunday of last April, our Christian friends had Capturing 100 Years of ACBC to face a very painful experience of bombing their holy places by a group of terrorists and Buddhist Philosophy And History we Buddhists felt very sad about their plight. History of Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka 07 Various Buddhist groups hurried to help and R.I.D.Wickramsinghe showed their fellow feelings while condemning the attack. We wish that this kind of cruel Buddhist Perspectives acts should never be repeated anywhere in the An Interview with a Buddhist Millionaire 15 world. Professor Chandima Wijebandara ACBC is committed to peaceful coexistence Tripitaka: Our Guide in Education 19 of all religions. The Buddha, our revered Geetika Seneviratne founder has shown us by theory and practice, how to befriend and extend our love towards Buddhist Psychology practitioners of alternative paths to their goal - enlightenment or salvation. We, respect their Role of Mind in Human Development 25 genuine attempts to cultivate excellent morals Dr Sagara Kusumaratne and will do everything possible to enhance the solidarity, trust and brotherhood of all four Conflicts and Disputes; How to Manage Them 33 religions practiced by Sri Lankans. Dr. (Mrs) Princy Merlin Pieris Chandima Wijebandara Anger Mangement 43 Editor-in-chief Dr. Shraddha Gautami Vol. 1 No. 2 November - December 2019 (B. E. 2563) Social Welfare Publisher 47 National Publicity Council The Four Sangahawatthus with Reference to Their All Ceylon Buddhist Congress Relevance as Leadership Qualities Web: www.acbc.lk Email: [email protected] Thomas Voss Editor-in-Chief Conflict Resolution; A Buddhist Perspective 57 Professor Chandima Wijebandara Professor Mahinda Palihawadana Managing Editor Pushpadeva Pathirage Picture Section Photo Report 69 Miscellaneous Assistance Cyril Gunasekara Cover Story Design & Digital Artwork This Buddha Image in Samadhi Mudra is in the C. -
A Comparative Study of Bhavacakra Painting
Historical Journal Volume: 12 Number: 1 Shrawan, 2077 Deepak Dong Tamang A Comparative Study of Bhavacakra Painting Deepak Dong Tamang Abstract The Bhavacakra is a symbolic representation of Samsara, a powerful mirror for spiritual aspirants and it is often painted to the left of Tibetan monastery doors. Bhavacakra, ‘wheel of life’ consists of two Sanskrit words ‘Bhava’ and ‘Cakra’. The word bhava means birth, origin, existing etc and cakra means wheel, circle, round, etc. There are some textual materials which suggest that the Bhavacakra painting began during the Buddha lifetime. Bhavacakra is very famous for wall and cloth painting. It is believed to represent the knowledge of release from suffering gained by Gautama Buddha in the course of his meditation. This symbolic representation of Bhavacakra serves as a wonderful summary of what Buddhism is, and also reminds that every action has consequences. It can be also understood by the illiterate persons not needing high education and it shows the path of enlightenment out of suffering in samsara. Mahayana Buddhism is very popular in Asian countries like northern Nepal, India, Bhutan, China, Korean, Japan and Mongolia. So in these countries every Mahayana monastery there is wall painting and Thānkā painting of Bhavacakra. But in these countries there are various designs of Bhavacakra due to artist, culture and nation. Key words: Bhavacakra, wheel of life, Mandala, Karma, Samsāra, Sukhāvati bhuvan, Thānkā Introduction In Buddhism, art has been one of the best tools to understand the Buddha teaching. The wheel of life is very famous for walls and cloth painting. This classical image from the Tibetan Buddhist tradition depicts the psychological states, or realm of existence, associated with an unenlightened state. -
Handbook of Religious Beliefs and Practices
STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES 1987 FIRST REVISION 1995 SECOND REVISION 2004 THIRD REVISION 2011 FOURTH REVISION 2012 FIFTH REVISION 2013 HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES INTRODUCTION The Department of Corrections acknowledges the inherent and constitutionally protected rights of incarcerated offenders to believe, express and exercise the religion of their choice. It is our intention that religious programs will promote positive values and moral practices to foster healthy relationships, especially within the families of those under our jurisdiction and within the communities to which they are returning. As a Department, we commit to providing religious as well as cultural opportunities for offenders within available resources, while maintaining facility security, safety, health and orderly operations. The Department will not endorse any religious faith or cultural group, but we will ensure that religious programming is consistent with the provisions of federal and state statutes, and will work hard with the Religious, Cultural and Faith Communities to ensure that the needs of the incarcerated community are fairly met. This desk manual has been prepared for use by chaplains, administrators and other staff of the Washington State Department of Corrections. It is not meant to be an exhaustive study of all religions. It does provide a brief background of most religions having participants housed in Washington prisons. This manual is intended to provide general guidelines, and define practice and procedure for Washington State Department of Corrections institutions. It is intended to be used in conjunction with Department policy. While it does not confer theological expertise, it will, provide correctional workers with the information necessary to respond too many of the religious concerns commonly encountered. -
As Mentioned in the Verse of the Foundation of All Good Qualities
Amitabha Buddhist Centre Second Basic Program – Module 9 Ornament for Clear Realization—Chapter Four The Eight Categories and Seventy Topics Transcript of the teachings by Khen Rinpoche Geshe Chonyi on The Eight Categories and Seventy Topics Root Text: The Eight Categories and Seventy Topics by Jetsün Chökyi Gyaltsen, translated by Jampa Gendun. Final draft October 2002, updated May 2011. © Jampa Gendun & FPMT, Inc. Lesson 8 5 July 2016 Exam Presentation for Module 8. The knower of paths (cont’d). Support for newly generating the Mahayana path of meditation. EXAM PRESENTATION FOR MODULE 8 You have heard about the four reliances. One of them says, "Do not rely on the person but rely on the doctrine.” In this context here, you should not pay so much attention to the person who is speaking. Rather you should focus on what is being said by the person. So pay attention to what is said, think about it and see whether you agree with it. (A student presents her chosen verses from Chapter Eight of Engaging in the Bodhisattva Deeds). ~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE KNOWER OF PATHS (CONT’D) Definiendum Definition Boundary No. of Topics topics (Seventy topics) Knower of Mahayana Mahayana 11 1. Limbs of knower of paths Paths superior’s clear path of 2. Knower of paths that knows realizer conjoined seeing hearers' paths with the wisdom through the 3. Knower of paths that knows directly realizing buddha solitary realizers' paths emptiness within ground 4. Mahayana path of seeing the continuum of 5. Function of the Mahayana path the person who of meditation possesses it.