Plains 50 Year Strategy Study

Whakatane District Council Plains 50 Year Strategy Study

Whakatane District Council

Version Date Comment 1 September 2014 Draft for comment

Prepared By Opus International Consultants Ltd Jeff McLean Christchurch Environmental Office Senior Hydraulic Modeller 20 Moorhouse Avenue PO Box 1482, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand

Reviewed By Telephone: +64 3 363 5400 Dan Johnson Facsimile: +64 3 365 7858 Work Group Manager Date: September 2014 Reference: 2-88131.04 Status: Draft

Approved for Release By Peter Askey Principal Environmental Engineer

Contents

Executive Summary ...... 1

1 Background ...... 1

2 System Description and Current Operation...... 2 2.1 General ...... 2 2.2 Sources ...... 2 2.3 Paul Road Borefield...... 2 2.4 Reservoirs ...... 4 2.5 Pressure Zones...... 4

3 Level of Service and Water Entitlement ...... 7 3.1 Pressure...... 7 3.2 Fire Flow Availability ...... 7 3.3 Water Entitlement ...... 7

4 Timeframes and Planning Scenarios ...... 8 4.1 Phasing ...... 8 4.2 Operational and Asset Changes ...... 10 4.3 Ministry of Health Subsidy for Edgecumbe ...... 10 4.4 Emergency Supply to Whakatane ...... 10 4.5 Resolve Issues with Current Operation ...... 11 4.6 Paul Road and Link to Network ...... 11 4.7 Phase A ...... 11 4.8 Phase B ...... 11 4.9 Phase C ...... 12 4.10 Phase D ...... 12 4.11 Phase E ...... 12 4.12 Phase F ...... 12 4.13 Extension to 15 m contour ...... 13

5 Key Assumptions ...... 15 5.1 General ...... 15 5.2 Demand and Modelling ...... 15 5.3 Paul Road ...... 15 5.4 Awakeri Reservoir ...... 16 5.5 Design and Cost Estimating ...... 17

6 Scenario Outputs and Costing ...... 1 6.1 Overall Summary ...... 1 6.2 Resolve Low Pressures with Current Operation ...... 3 6.3 Develop Paul Road and Pipeline to Whakatane WTP ...... 4 6.4 Phase A Development ...... 4 6.5 Phase B Development ...... 5

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6.6 Phase C Development ...... 5 6.7 Phase D Development ...... 5 6.8 Phase E Development ...... 5 6.9 Phase F Development...... 6 6.10 Extension to 15 m Contour ...... 6

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Executive Summary

The Plains 50 Year Strategy Study (Strategy) has developed from the initial 50 Year Strategy Study carried out in 2010, and the Plains and Awakeri Extension Water Upgrade Strategy, which was prepared in 2007. Since 2010 a number of options have been considered, and amendments made to the Strategy. In 2013 Whakatane District Council received funding from the Ministry of Health to develop the Paul Road borefield and supply Edgecumbe. The Strategy provides information for Whakatane District Council (WDC) to assess the options for future supply for the Plains over the next 50 years, and the upgrades required above the funded works to supply Edgecumbe.

The Strategy describes a framework for development of the Plains water supply over a 50 year period. The Strategy details the assumptions behind the proposed development, and computer modelling of the supply.

Development is to begin with the Paul Road borefield being developed as a new major source of water for the Plains, and resolving low pressure issues across the scheme, as well as fire flow compliance issues in Edgecumbe.

There is a major decision to be made about whether the Paul Road source will be used to provide an emergency supply of water to Whakatane. Two options for emergency supply have been considered in the Strategy; 4 ML/d or 8 ML/d supply to Whakatane. The 4 ML/d supply would require blending with the current Whakatane River source, or restrictions to be applied if the emergency supply was required during peak demand.

The Strategy identifies the upgrades required to resolve low pressure or fire flow issues across the scheme, and the upgrades required to service proposed new connections as the water supply is developed. The cost estimate to supply the Plains for the 50 Year Strategy is $26.8M. To provide emergency supply to Whakatane will cost an extra $3.4M for 4 ML/d or $8.3M for 8 ML/d.

Work on the Paul Road borefield and pipeline to Edgecumbe are due to begin in the current financial year 2014-15. The pipe size to be installed will depend on what decision is made on the emergency supply to Whakatane. The proposed pipe size and cost share is shown below.

Emergency Supply Emergency Supply Plains Supply to 50 Item to Whakatane to Whakatane Year Boundary (4 ML/d) (8 ML/d) Pipe Size (all PE100 DN225 Edgecumbe DN400 DN500 PN12.5) to Awakeri Road DN355 Plains Edgecumbe cost share $2.2 M $2.2 M $2.2 M Plains cost share $1.6 M $1.6 M $1.6 M Whakatane cost share - $1.1 M $3.5 M

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The cost for each stage of the development of the Plains water supply and approximate timing is shown below:

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1 Background

Another key consideration is whether the Paul Road borefield can be used to provide emergency supply to Whakatane if there is an issue with the Whakatane River source, such as saline intrusion during low flow periods. Options considered include partial supply, where either a blending with current source water, or restrictions would be required, or full supply, where the Whakatane supply can operate as normal with water from Paul Road.

Some significant changes to the Plains water supply are considered in the context of the Strategy:

• There are a number of areas that experience low pressures during peak demand that are below the level of service, and areas in the urban areas that cannot meet the fire flow requirements of the current New Zealand Fire Service Code of Practice (SNZ PAS4509:2008). The Strategy identifies and costs the required upgrades to resolve these issues. • Currently the system is supplied from three sources; Braemar, Johnson Road and Tahuna Road. A new source has been identified from bores at Paul Road, and it is planned to change the operation of the majority of the scheme to be supplied from Paul Road. The remainder of the scheme would be fed from Braemar and Johnson Road, with Tahuna Road no longer used in normal operation. • A number of potential customers within the scheme boundary could connect to the scheme if sufficient water was available. Currently only a small number of additional connections are allowed within the Awakeri Extension. There may be the potential for significant additional connections within the current scheme boundary. • Water entitlements currently differ across the scheme, depending on whether a property is in the original scheme boundary, or part of the extensions. A number of properties have been identified which have the potential to be developed for dairy farming. There is a desire to be able to supply full dairy demand for these potential dairy properties. • The Plains water supply is adjacent to the Whakatane water supply. With a new source being developed at Paul Road, there may be a potential to supply water to the Whakatane water treatment plant if there are constraints with the Whakatane source from the Whakatane River. • There are a number of low lying areas around the edges of the Plains water supply that could be included in the supply with an extension of the scheme boundary. Nearby areas within the 15 m contour have been considered as potential expansion areas during the time horizon of the Strategy.

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2 System Description and Current Operation

2.1 General

The Plains water supply covers an area of 23,000 hectares of farmland to the west of Whakatane. The scheme provides water for potable use and stock use. A separate irrigation scheme provides water for irrigation. Approximately half of the land area within the scheme boundary is currently connected to the scheme. The scheme boundaries extend to the Bay of Plenty in the north, Tarawera River and Onepu in the west, Te Teko and Awakeri in the south and the Whakatane water supply in the east.

The scheme was founded in the 1970s, initially to supply an area mainly between the Rangataiki River and Tarawera River, with a smaller area to the east of the Rangataiki River. Since then the scheme has extended significantly, with a large area to the east of Awakeri added to the scheme.

The land is primarily used for dairy farming, with significant numbers of lifestyle blocks being added in recent times.

Three urban areas are included in the Plains water supply as part of the expansions from the original area; Edgecumbe, Te Teko and Awakeri.

The system layout is shown in Figure 1. 2.2 Sources

Water is supplied to the Plains water supply from three sources:

• Braemar Spring • Johnson Road bores • Tahuna Road bore

Braemar Spring is the primary source of water for the Plains water supply, supplying up to 6,000 m³/day. The spring was developed for the Plains water supply in the 1970s. There is a concern about water quality from Braemar, with high levels of arsenic found in the water. Water from Braemar Spring is pumped to the nearby Braemar reservoir and into the Plains network.

The Johnson Road bores were introduced as an emergency measure following the Edgecumbe earthquake in 1987. The bores are used when pressures in Onepu are low and are primarily used in summer periods of high demand.

The Tahuna Road bore provides water to the Te Teko reservoir. The bore was installed after issues with the previous spring at the site following the Edgecumbe earthquake.

2.3 Paul Road Borefield

The Paul Road borefield has been identified as a future source for the Plains water supply. The Paul Road borefield is a source of deep groundwater located to the south east of Edgecumbe. There is currently a single test bore drilled, and the current estimate is that up to three bores with a capacity of 60 L/s each could be installed on the site.

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Figure 1 – Current System Layout

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2.4 Reservoirs

There are four main reservoirs in the Plains water supply:

• Braemar (4,500 m³) • Te Teko (230 m³) • Onepu (45 m³) • Awakeri (250 m³)

The Braemar reservoir is located above the Braemar Spring at an elevation of 191 m above the Moturiki datum (+100 m). The reservoir is the primary storage for the Plains water supply

The Te Teko reservoir receives water from the Tahuna bore and supplies water into the main Braemar zone at Te Teko. The Te Teko reservoir elevation is similar to the Braemar reservoir and is located to the south of Te Teko. Historically, there have been some issues with overflows of the reservoir when Johnson Road is operating, which have been resolved by adjusting the control of Johnson Road to shut off when the Te Teko reservoir level is high.

The Onepu reservoir is a small balancing reservoir in the south west of the scheme. The reservoir remains full during normal operation, but during peak demand the pressure in the nearby reticulation drops away and the reservoir provides a buffer to avoid pressures dropping below approximately 20 m. During peak demand, Johnson Road will typically be running, which reduces the flow out of the reservoir, allowing it to avoid emptying if the peak period does not exceed a couple of hours.

The Awakeri reservoir provides storage to the Awakeri Extension. The reservoir is supplied from Braemar via Edgecumbe. Historically the reservoir has had issues with running empty during summer demand. The problem has been largely resolved in recent times with changes to the Putiki pump station to improve supply to the reservoir. 2.5 Pressure Zones

The Plains water supply consists of three pressure zones, although there are significant differences across the scheme for some areas in the same pressure zone. The pressure zones are:

• Braemar • Gow Road • Awakeri Extension

The Braemar zone covers the majority of the scheme, including the original scheme area, Putiki, Edgecumbe, Onepu, Te Teko and Thornton. The area is supplied by Braemar Spring, the Johnson Road bores and the Tahuna Road bore via the Te Teko reservoir.

The Braemar pressure zone is shown in red in Figure 2.

Edgecumbe is supplied primarily from large diameter pipes from Braemar along Matata Road. Edgecumbe generally receives acceptable pressures, but the pressures from Edgecumbe are often insufficient to supply the Awakeri reservoir, which is downstream.

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The original Braemar scheme area generally receives acceptable pressures and contains many of the larger farms that provide a significant amount of the demand on the scheme.

The Putiki area, to the east of Edgecumbe is supplied from Braemar through pipes from Edgecumbe. Putiki generally receives acceptable pressures. Historically water was stored in a small reservoir to the east of Edgecumbe and pumped to Putiki. The reservoir is no longer in use and the pump station has been reconfigured to supply the Awakeri reservoir.

The Onepu area, at the southwest of the scheme is supplied with small diameter pipes and can experience low pressures during peak demand. The Onepu balancing reservoir and operation of Johnson Road can provide acceptable pressures during most summer peaks.

The Thornton area, to the north of the scheme on either side of the Rangataiki River can experience low pressures during the peak of demand.

Te Teko is primarily fed from the Te Teko reservoir, with some contribution from Braemar and Johnson Road. The area generally receives acceptable pressures.

Gow Rd is a small pressure zone inside the Braemar zone, where a low class AC pipe was installed. To protect the pipe, PRVs have been installed at either end of the AC pipe. Pressure logging in the area indicates there are some pressure spikes from the operation of the PRVs, however, the zone generally receives acceptable pressures.

The Awakeri Extension includes Awakeri and most of the area to the east of the Rangataiki River. The area is large and can experience low pressures at the extremities. Historically the area has had problems when the Awakeri reservoir empties. Water is generally maintained in the reservoir in recent times due to changes to the Putiki pump station to pump to the reservoir.

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Figure 2 – Braemar and Johnson Road Supply Zone

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3 Level of Service and Water Entitlement

3.1 Pressure

The WDC Engineering Code of Practice specifies that the minimum working residual pressure, in other than fire fighting conditions, shall be 300 kPa (approximately 30 m head of water) at the ground level at the normal house site in each lot. Any reduction below this pressure shall require Engineer’s prior approval.

In the context of this Strategy, two different level of service standards were considered. The first was to maintain 30 m pressure during a typical summer period. The second was to maintain 20 m pressure during a more extreme summer peak. Typically the 20 m level was more onerous and this was the level of service requirement used for pressure in the Strategy.

3.2 Fire Flow Availability

Fire flow has been assessed in the Strategy in the urban areas of Edgecumbe, Te Teko and Awakeri.

The required fire flow availability has been based on SNZ PAS 4509:2008 New Zealand Fire Service Firefighting Water Supplies Code of Practice (COP), and assuming that each community has a fire water classification of FW2, which requires 25 L/s total flow.

To strictly achieve this classification will require sprinkler systems or on site storage at each commercial or industrial property. Discussions with the Fire Service are recommended to agree a suitable approach for Edgecumbe, Te Teko and Awakeri.

No fire flow availability is planned from the scheme outside of Edgecumbe, Te Teko and Awakeri. 3.3 Water Entitlement

Water entitlements for dairy farms in the original scheme area were 0.553 m³/ha/d. Most properties in the original scheme area, which covers most of the Braemar and Putiki areas, have dairy demand at this level.

Additions to the scheme, including the Awakeri Extension, in most cases have a water entitlement of 1.5 m³/d. This water entitlement is the same regardless of whether a property is used for dairy farming, has the potential for dairy development, or if supply is for a house only.

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4 Timeframes and Planning Scenarios

4.1 Phasing

The potential changes to the Plains water supply are anticipated to occur over a period of approximately 50 years.

The changes consist of developing areas of the water supply in phases. In each phase an area would allow properties with the potential for dairy development to have a water entitlement for dairy farming, and properties that are not connected to the scheme to be connected. The scenarios and timeframes are shown in Figure 3.

Phasing areas were identified by WDC as follows:

A. Area east of Rangataiki River and upstream of Awakeri reservoir B. Area east of SH30 in Awakeri Extension C. Southern part of Awakeri Extension D. Northern part of Awakeri Extension including the airport E. Extend Awakeri Extension to the Rangataiki River F. West of Rangataiki River Extension to 15 m contour

The proposed phasing is shown in Figure 4.

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Figure 3 – Timeframes and Planning Scenarios

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4.2 Operational and Asset Changes

The first significant operational change to consider is the introduction of the Paul Road source. Introducing Paul Road is a significant change to the way the system is supplied, as currently the bulk of water supplied comes from the west of the scheme from Braemar and Johnson Road. The Paul Road source should provide a more reliable source of water to the Awakeri reservoir and Edgecumbe, but will require new pipes to link into the existing network.

After the introduction of Paul Road, and with some targeted upgrades, the supply to Onepu should be improved so the Onepu reservoir is no longer required. Similarly the small capacity source at Tahuna Road and the Te Teko reservoir would no longer be required to maintain pressures in Te Teko.

Johnson Road would be able to be operated to provide water during peak hours, without risking overflow of the Te Teko reservoir.

The Awakeri reservoir would need to be raised and have storage increased for scenarios with significant development downstream of the reservoir. The Strategy has assumed there would be a suitable reservoir site near the current reservoir at an elevation 10 m above the current reservoir level.

Phase E involves moving the boundary of the Awakeri Extension to the Rangataiki River. Currently properties near the river on the east side are supplied from Braemar, with a closed valve along Thornton Road separating the Braemar supply from the Awakeri Extension. The river forms a natural boundary between the two zones and there is potential to adjust the boundary to the river as the area is developed. 4.3 Ministry of Health Subsidy for Edgecumbe

WDC has successfully sought funding from the Ministry of Health for developing the Paul Road source to supply Edgecumbe with water without elevated levels of arsenic. The Ministry of Health funding applies only to developing the source and the pipes necessary to supply Edgecumbe.

The Paul Road headworks, and larger pipes can be installed to provide water to the Plains, with the Plains paying the additional cost for the improvements. Similarly, if emergency supply to Whakatane is to be provided, the additional cost of the larger pipes and headworks can be covered by Whakatane. 4.4 Emergency Supply to Whakatane

The development of the Paul Road source provides a potential source of water for Whakatane in the event of problems with the Whakatane water supply source from the Whakatane River. In recent years there have been occasional issues with salinity in the river, and a supply from the Plains could allow Whakatane to deal with this issue on a temporary basis. The Strategy provides options for either partial supply or full supply to Whakatane and maintaining adequate pressures for Plains customers. Partial supply represents a flow of 4 ML/d to Whakatane, which has been assumed to be suitable for either blending with the Whakatane River source, or supplying Whakatane with restrictions applied. Full supply represents a flow of 8 ML/d to Whakatane, which has been assumed to be suitable for normal operation of the Whakatane supply with water sourced entirely from Paul Road.

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4.5 Resolve Issues with Current Operation

The current operation of the Plains water supply results in some areas failing to meet the required minimum pressures.

Pressures below 20 m during peak demand were identified in Onepu, Thornton, Putiki and the Awakeri Extension. The locations where pressures dropped below 20 m during peak demand are shown in red in Figure 5.

Fire flows were also not able to be met in Edgecumbe or Te Teko.

The cost to resolve issues with the current mode of operation of the Plains water supply has been previously assessed at $4.2M.

The introduction of Paul Road reduces many of the existing issues. The Strategy is based on resolving all minimum pressure and fire flow issues across the network. The reduced upgrades required as a result of the introduction of Paul Road, are included with the Phase A upgrades. 4.6 Paul Road and Link to Network

The first phase of work is the installation of the Paul Road source headworks, and pipework to link Paul Road to the rest of the network. The key links are from Paul Road along Western Drain Road to Awakeri Road, along Awakeri Road from Western Drain Road to Edgecumbe, and along Awakeri Road from Western Drain Road to the Awakeri reservoir.

The sizing of the pipes and the Paul Road headworks will depend on what decision is made for emergency supply to Whakatane. 4.7 Phase A

The Phase A area is the area east of the Rangataiki River and upstream of the Awakeri reservoir. The western boundary of the area is the Rangataiki River and Edgecumbe. The southernmost properties are along the eastern side of the river on Galatea Road, the northernmost properties are in the Putiki area south of McLean Road and the eastern extent of the Phase area is the Awakeri reservoir. The area around the Paul Road source is part of this phase, with development occurring as the first phase of development.

The Putiki area was developed for dairy farming as part of the original scheme, and the area south of State Highway 2 is currently mostly either domestic connections or not connected to the scheme. The proposed development would have most of the flat land in the area developed for dairy farming, with hill areas having a domestic connection only. The land use with current operation and the proposed land use with development of Phase A is shown in Appendix B.

Upgrades to resolve level of service issues that were not resolved by the introduction of the Paul Road source are covered in Phase A. 4.8 Phase B

The Phase B area is the easternmost part of the Plains water supply, and is the area east of State Highway 30 in the Awakeri Extension. The area is bounded by the Whakatane water supply and Whakatane River to the north and east, and by White Pine Bush Road to the south.

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The majority of the Phase B area is currently not connected to the water supply with some domestic connections. About two thirds of the phase area was identified as being suitable for dairy farming, with other properties assumed to have a domestic connection only. The proposed land use after development of Phase B is shown in Appendix B. 4.9 Phase C

The Phase C area is the southern part of the Awakeri Extension that is not part of the Phase B area. The area extends from Awakeri in the south to Kope Drain in the north, and just west of Powdrell Road to the west.

The existing land use is a mix of existing dairy farms, domestic connections and properties that are not connected. Most of the land north of Awakeri within the phase area is suitable for dairy farming, with properties around Awakeri generally assumed to have a domestic connections only. The proposed land use after development of Phase C is shown in Appendix B. 4.10 Phase D

The Phase D area is the northern part of the Awakeri Extension, including Whakatane Airport. The area is bounded by the Whakatane water supply to the east, Kope Drain to the south, and extends to the current boundary of the Awakeri Extension to the west.

Most properties in the phase area are not connected, with some domestic connections provided. Most of the area is suitable for dairy farming, with some properties near the airport assumed to have domestic connections only. The proposed land use after development of Phase D is shown in Appendix B.

4.11 Phase E

The Phase E area is the area east of the Rangataiki River currently fed from the Braemar source. The area is north of the Putiki area and to the west of the Phase C and Phase D areas.

The development of Phase E area would require changes to the operation of the water supply, with closed valves from the Awakeri Extension being opened and the river crossing near Thornton Road being closed.

Properties in the phase area are mostly domestic connections or not connected to the water supply. Most of the area is suitable for dairy farming. The proposed land use after development of Phase E is shown in Appendix B. 4.12 Phase F

The Phase F area is the area west of the Rangataiki River. The area includes the original Braemar scheme area, which is mostly developed for dairy farming, and the areas around Thornton, Onepu and Te Teko, which are primarily domestic connections, with a number of properties not connected to the water supply.

Some additional properties with potential for dairy farming have been identified, mostly around Te Teko. Other areas have potential for domestic connections to the water supply. The proposed land use after development of Phase F is shown in Appendix B.

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4.13 Extension to 15 m contour

The full extent of the 50 year strategy considers the extension of the water supply to the 15 m contour. This extension would add three main areas to the water supply:

i. in the north-west of the water supply around the Tarawera River, near Matata ii. in the south of the water supply around Macdonald Road iii. in the east of the water supply around Rewatu Road.

There is potential dairy farming development in the area around the Tarawera River, and Mcdonald Road, with some properties suitable for domestic connections only in the Mcdonald Road area and Rewatu Road area. The proposed land use after extension to the 15 m contour is shown in Appendix B.

4.14 Summary

If all areas are developed, there is potential to add 1008 new domestic connections and 10,509 ha of land suitable for dairy farming to the scheme.

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Figure 5 –Low Pressures with Current Operation at Peak Demand

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5 Key Assumptions

5.1 General

A number of important assumptions have been required to carry out the analysis in the Strategy, and assess the upgrades required and cost of upgrades. These affect the modelling, along with design and cost estimating parts of the process. The key assumptions made are detailed below. 5.2 Demand and Modelling

Demand data for the Plains was available since 2009 with good data. Summer 2009/10 was identified as the peak period during this time, and the peak week model based on December 2009. As the available data was for a short period of time, demand was factored up by 10 % to represent a suitable peak demand for planning purposes.

Leakage was estimated from the modelling at around 6 m³/km/day, which is high when compared to other similar supplies. WDC intend to reduce leakage. Leakage has been assumed to remain at current levels, including for the extension to the 15 m contour, where significant additional length of pipe would be added.

Properties in the Original Braemar scheme have a water entitlement of 0.553 m³/ha/day, while domestic properties have a water entitlement of 1.5 m³/day. The estimated water use on the December 2009 peak day was 0.473 m³/ha/day for properties with a dairy farming water entitlement and 1.2 m³/day for domestic properties. This demand was scaled up by 10% and distributed based on meter readings from December 2010. Including the increase of 10%, the properties with dairy farming water entitlements are modelled as using 0.520 m³/ha/day and domestic properties 1.32 m³/day.

Farm connections in the Plains are metered and where consumers exceed their water entitlement, a higher water tariff applies. However, it is possible for users to exceed their entitlement for a few days without penalty, provided the average over the billing period is less than the entitlement. Water entitlement may be less than peak day demand as a result.

Demand profiles from the model calibration were used for all future scenarios.

Population and demand in the urban areas of Edgecumbe, Te Teko and Awakeri is assumed to remain the same.

Fonterra were assumed to not be using water during the peak of demand, as supply from the Plains is intended only as a backup to Fonterra’s on site water supply.

Existing farm connections are applied at the flow meter to the property in the model. For new connections to the network, or where water entitlement is being changed, the farm connection is located in the centre of each land parcel in the model and assigned to the nearest pipe. 5.3 Paul Road

Paul Road was modelled as a fixed head with a level of 91 m. This would represent the pressure downstream of a pump operating to maintain a constant pressure. The level chosen matches the existing head from Braemar. The headworks at Paul Road have not been modelled in detail.

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The headworks are likely to involve multiple wells, well pumps, surface reservoir, surface pumps, related pipework and a building for control and treatment.

One existing DN250 bore has been drilled, with an estimated capacity of 60 L/s. Modelling of the aquifer has indicated two further bores of similar size could be installed. Costs for the installation of bores are based on a discussion with the bore drillers. The number of bores included in the cost estimate is based on the required daily flow from Paul Road, with one bore for supply to Edgecumbe only, two bores for supply to Edgecumbe and the Plains, and three bores if emergency supply to Whakatane is required.

Submersible pumps to provide a duty of 60 L/s at 30 m head have been assumed to lift water to the surface reservoir. The cost estimate for submersible pumps is based on a price provided by Brown Brothers for a Goulds 9TWLC 2 stage pump (30 kW) plus 20 % for installation.

Riser pipes and electrical cabling in the bore has been based on 50 m length for each bore. Riser pipes assumed to be DN150.

Surface reservoirs have been sized on two criteria: settling of fine sand particles before reaching the surface pumps and maintaining a suitable volume in the reservoir if peak hour pumping is in excess of the bore capacity. The settling time required for a very fine sand particle with a diameter of 0.0625 mm was estimated at 5 minutes per metre of tank depth. The surface reservoirs have been sized to have at least 15 minutes of storage assuming a depth of 3 m. For the full emergency supply scenario, the peak hour pumping exceeds the bore capacity. The reservoir has been sized so that the reservoir does not drop more than 50% during the peak demand period, allowing the bores to catch up at night.

Surface pumps to provide a duty of 65 L/s at 80 m head have been assumed to pump from the surface reservoir out into the network. The cost estimate for the surface pumps is based on a price provided by Brown Brothers for a Goulds ISO.GIS.125×100-250 pump (75 kW) plus 20 % for installation.

A MagFlow flow meter has been assumed on the outlet main from Paul Road. For the supply to Edgecumbe or the Plains a full bore meter has been assumed, for the emergency supply to Whakatane, a one size reduction in bore is assumed. Prices allow for a chamber.

Allowance has also been made for chlorination and lime dosing and a building to house the treatment and electrical controls.

Prices for the flow metering, treatment and building have been based on previous estimates for Paul Road, and similar sized contracts carried out for Ashburton District Council. 5.4 Awakeri Reservoir

The Strategy has identified a need to upgrade the Awakeri Reservoir, to provide increased storage and an increased head. The Strategy has assumed a suitable site for a new reservoir is available close to the site of the existing reservoir, at an elevation about 10 m higher than the existing reservoir, and with sufficient space for modular expansion as development occurs and demand increases.

Where new reservoirs have been identified, the required size is based on 24 hours storage at peak demand.

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For the scenario providing emergency supply to Whakatane, the flow through the Awakeri reservoir is significantly increased. However, the reservoir volume has not been increased for this scenario, as the flow is only occasionally required for emergency supply. 5.5 Design and Cost Estimating

Where upgrades were required, the installation of a new PE100 SDR13.6 pipe was used to represent the hydraulics. In larger diameters other materials than polyethylene are likely to be a more economic option. The cost model used assumes appropriate materials are used for large diameter pipes.

The modelling was carried out on the basis of replacement of the existing pipe on the same alignment, except where a pipe did not already exist, such as for connecting Paul Road to the network and for the extension to the 15 m contour. For costing purposes, twinning has been assumed where there is estimated to be significant remaining life in the existing pipe, and a downsizing of the proposed pipe could be achieved.

Pipe installation prices are based on pipe installation in a rural area with fittings at roughly one per kilometre and installations mostly in the berm, with some road shoulder or road installations. Prices have been developed from a combination of local contract rates and the Update of Unit Rate Cost Models produced for Watercare.

River crossings have allowed for 150 metres at $150 per metre as an extra over above the pipe rate.

Reservoir prices have been based on the installation cost of the 500 m³ reservoir in Taneatua. The assumption of an approximately constant rate per cubic metre has been made to extrapolate to larger reservoirs. The prices for reservoir installations do not include allowances for land acquisition or geotechnical works that may be required at the site.

All installation rates are inclusive of all related costs including preliminary and general items, engineering design and construction supervision.

An allowance for 20 % for contingency has been included.

Statistics New Zealand maintain the Capital Goods Price Index, which includes an index for pipelines. There has been no substantial change in the pipelines index over the period 2010-14. The initial rates were developed based on 2010 prices, and we have assumed the rates remain a reasonable estimate of current construction prices.

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6 Scenario Outputs and Costing

6.1 Overall Summary

Each of the scenarios identified has been assessed to determine the upgrades required to achieve the required level of service.

The scenarios were developed by identifying areas where there was a pressure or fire flow deficiency, and the assets that contributed to the issue. In general the worst performing pipes would be upsized and level of service deficiencies reassessed. The process was repeated until an acceptable level of service was achieved across the scheme.

The scenarios significantly change the flow from each source for each case considered in the Strategy. The capacity of the Paul Road source is yet to be confirmed, both from a technically feasible or consent limit basis. The flow from each source for each scenario is shown in Table 3.

Cumulative Flow from Source (ML/day) on Peak Day Scenario Johnson Braemar Paul Road Te Teko Total Road Existing supply 5.9 - 2.2 1.0 9.1

Paul Road introduced 3.7 3.2 2.2 - 9.1

Add Phase A development 4.6 3.7 2.8 - 11.1

Add Phase B development 4.7 4.8 2.5 - 12.0

Add Phase C development 4.7 4.9 2.5 - 12.0

Add Phase D development 4.7 5.5 2.5 - 12.7

Add Phase E development 4.7 6.6 2.5 - 13.8

Add Phase F development 4.7 6.7 3.2 - 14.6

Extend scheme boundary to 4.7 7.3 3.3 - 15.3 15 m contour Table 3 – Flows by Source on the Peak Day

For scenarios with emergency supply to Whakatane, an additional 4 or 8 ML/day is supplied primarily from the Paul Road source.

The Ministry of Health is partially funding upgrades to the supply to deliver water from Paul Road to Edgecumbe, due to arsenic concerns with the water from Braemar and Johnson Road. The size of pipes installed from Paul Road to Edgecumbe will depend on what additional water demand is required for the Plains and Whakatane. The Strategy assumes the development phases identified and the extension to the 15 m contour will go ahead in the long term, and the decision on the

required pipe size depends primarily on whether emergency supply is provided to Whakatane, and whether 4 ML/d or 8 ML/d supply is chosen.

The cost share for Edgecumbe is the cost to provide Paul Road water only to Edgecumbe. The cost share for the Plains supply is the extra cost to supply the Plains above the cost to supply Edgecumbe. Similarly the cost share for Whakatane is the extra cost to provide emergency supply to Whakatane above the cost to supply Edgecumbe and the Plains. The summary of the costs for the Paul Road headworks and the pipe to Edgecumbe are shown in Table 4. All options include the development of the required headworks at Paul Road, a pipe from Paul Road along Western Drain Road to Awakeri Road (with size based on the scenario considered) and a DN225 pipe along Awakeri Road to Edgecumbe.

The cost for Whakatane for the 8 ML/d flow option includes a large surface tank (2000 m³). The tank is required based on the assumption that up to three bores are able to be developed at Paul Road, which is sufficient to meet the average flow on the peak day, but not the peak flow. The large surface tank is required to ensure there is adequate suction pressure for the surface pumps during the peak period. If a fourth bore was able to be developed, the cost of the 8 ML/d option would be reduced.

The next stage of work is to upgrade along Awakeri Road to the Awakeri Reservoir, upgrade the Awakeri Reservoir, and if providing emergency supply to Whakatane, from the reservoir to the Whakatane WTP. The upgraded reservoir and pipeline to the Whakatane WTP would not be required immediately if supplying to the Plains only. A summary of the total costs for the development of Paul Road, pipelines to Edgecumbe and the Whakatane WTP, and upgrade of the Awakeri Reservoir is shown in Table 5 (note this includes the items in Table 4).

Emergency Supply Emergency Supply Plains Supply to 50 Item to Whakatane to Whakatane Year Boundary (4 ML/d) (8 ML/d) Edgecumbe cost share $2.2 M $2.2 M $2.2 M Plains cost share $7.1 M ($3.0 M) $7.1 M $7.1 M Whakatane cost share - $3.4 M $8.3 M Table 5 – Cost Shares for Paul Road Source through to Whakatane WTP

If supply is to Plains only (no emergency supply to Whakatane) then the Plains can defer the upgrade of the Awakeri Reservoir, and upsizing of the pipes downstream of the reservoir. The initial investment required for the Plains is $3.0 M to develop Paul Road, and provide a suitable sized pipeline to the Awakeri Reservoir. The additional $4.1 M will be required once development of the Awakeri Extension is underway.

In the longer term, development of the Plains water supply is planned by connecting all properties, and allowing properties suitable for dairy development to have water demand for dairy farming. The cost of development for each development area includes resolving any remaining low pressure issues across the scheme, and fire flow compliance issues in Edgecumbe. The overall cost of upgrades identified is summarised in Table 6, including the items detailed in Tables 4 and 5.

Estimated Cost of All Upgrades ($M) Description 4 ML/d to 8 ML/d to Plains only Whakatane Whakatane Develop Paul Road and pipeline to 5.2 12.7 17.6 Whakatane WTP Phase A (Putiki and south) and resolve 1.7 1.7 1.7 remaining low pressure issues Phase B (south-eastern area of Awakeri 5.7 1.6 1.6 Extension) Phase C (southern area of Awakeri 0.8 0.8 0.8 Extension) Phase D (northern area of Awakeri 2.2 2.2 2.2 Extension including airport) Phase E (extend Awakeri Extension to 3.5 3.5 3.5 the Rangataiki River) Phase F (areas west of Rangataiki River 2.1 2.1 2.1 including Onepu and Thornton) Extend scheme boundary to 15 m 5.6 5.6 5.6 contour Total Cost 26.8 30.2 35.1 Table 6 – Overall Cost Summary

Details of how the costs have been established are shown in Appendix A. All of the cost amounts presented include a contingency of 20%. 6.2 Resolve Low Pressures with Current Operation

Level of service issues were identified for low pressures in Onepu, Thornton, Putiki and near the airport, and fire flow deficiencies in Edgecumbe and Te Teko for the current operation with peak demand.

A number of upgrades were identified within Edgecumbe to significantly improve fire flow availability. The upgrades provide at least 20 L/s from each hydrant tested, and 25 L/s for a combination of two hydrants. The fire flow upgrades in Edgecumbe also resolved the low pressure issues in Putiki.

Other low pressure issues required local upgrades to provide an acceptable level of service.

The upgrades identified for this scenario are to provide a basis for comparison with the Paul Road scenarios. The upgrades raise the level of the current operation to the equivalent level of service provided by each of the alternative scenarios.

The cost estimate for this scenario is $4.2M.

6.3 Develop Paul Road and Pipeline to Whakatane WTP

The introduction of the Paul Road source creates some significant changes for the scheme. The eastern parts of the water supply would be primarily supplied by the Paul Road source, with the area supplied from Braemar significantly reduced, which reduces the upgrades required to provide an acceptable level of service to the Thornton and Onepu areas. The supply to Edgecumbe, Awakeri and Te Teko is more central, reducing the upgrades required, but substantial new link mains are required to suitably link the Paul Road source into the network.

The new pipes would be installed in two stages, with the first stage from Paul Road to Edgecumbe, via Western Drain Road and Awakeri Road, and the second stage via Awakeri Road to the Awakeri Reservoir and on to the Whakatane WTP.

The Onepu reservoir is no longer required with the change to Paul Road. Initially, until some local upgrades are installed, Johnson Road may need to operate more frequently.

The change of the supply to Awakeri also means the Putiki pump station is no longer required.

The Te Teko source and reservoir is no longer required with the change to the Paul Road.

These assets are not used in any of the subsequent scenarios.

Details of the cost estimate for the scenario are in Appendix A. 6.4 Phase A Development

Development of the existing Plains area is planned to occur in six phases. In each phase, an area would have pipe upgrades installed to allow all properties to connect to the scheme, and for those properties with the potential for dairy farming to have a water entitlement of 0.553 m³/ha/day.

The first area identified for development is the Putiki area, and the area to the south of Putiki on the east side of the Rangataiki River. This area is Phase A.

Along with the development of the Phase A area, there are a few remaining level of service issues in the remainder of the scheme that are not resolved by introducing the Paul Road source, which reduces the flows and headlosses from Braemar and Johnson Road. These include fire flow improvements in Edgecumbe, replacements in Gow Road, twinning of pipes in the Onepu area and near the airport. Costs for these upgrades are included in the Phase A cost.

If emergency supply to Whakatane from Paul Road is constructed, then the pipeline along Awakeri Road to the Awakeri Reservoir would be constructed prior to Phase A, along with the upgrade to the Awakeri Reservoir. If the supply is to the Plains only, these upgrades can be deferred until Phase B.

Phase A allows for 109 new domestic connections and 1687 ha of land with potential for dairy development to be connected to the scheme.

Details of the cost estimate for the scenario are in Appendix A. The cost for the upgrades to develop Phase A is $1.7M.

6.5 Phase B Development

The second area identified for development is the south-eastern part of the Awakeri Extension. The area is east of State Highway 30, and bounded on the north and east by the Whakatane River. This area is Phase B.

If emergency supply to Whakatane from Paul Road is constructed, the pipeline along Awakeri Road to the Awakeri Reservoir would be constructed prior to Phase B, along with the upgrade to the Awakeri Reservoir, and many of the upgrades to service properties in the Phase B area. If the supply is to the Plains area only, the upgrades that were able to be deferred will be required as part of Phase B.

Phase B allows for 391 new domestic connections and 991 ha of land with potential for dairy development to be connected to the scheme.

Details of the cost estimate for the scenario are in Appendix A. The cost for the upgrades to develop Phase B is $1.6M if emergency supply to Whakatane was constructed with the linking of Paul Road to the scheme. The cost to develop Phase B is $5.7M if the supply is to the Plains only. 6.6 Phase C Development

The third area identified for development is the southern part of the Awakeri Extension. The area is bounded by Kope Drain in the north, the existing closed valve on McLean Road to the West, the Awakeri Reservoir in the south and the Phase B area to the east. This area is Phase C.

Phase C allows for 57 new domestic connections and 838 ha of land with potential for dairy development to be connected to the scheme.

Details of the cost estimate for the scenario are in Appendix A. The cost for the upgrades to develop Phase C is $0.8M. 6.7 Phase D Development

The fourth area identified for development is the northern part of the Awakeri Extension near the airport. The area is bounded by Kope Drain in the south, the existing closed valve on Thornton Road to the West, and the Whakatane West water supply to the east. This area is Phase D.

Phase D allows for 97 new domestic connections and 949 ha of land with potential for dairy development to be connected to the scheme.

Details of the cost estimate for the scenario are in Appendix A. The cost for the upgrades to develop Phase D is $2.2M. 6.8 Phase E Development

The fifth area identified for development is the area east of the Rangataiki River that is currently fed from Braemar. Supply to this area in the Strategy involves changing the operation of the area so that water is able to be supplied west along McLean Road and Thornton Road rather than east across the river and north along East Bank Road. This area is Phase E.

The operational change would mean a large number of properties on the east of the river are no longer dependent on a single pipe crossing and will improve resilience of the network.

Phase E allows for 50 new domestic connections and 1,520 ha of land with potential for dairy development to be connected to the scheme.

Details of the cost estimate for the scenario are in Appendix A. The cost for the upgrades to develop Phase E is $3.5M. 6.9 Phase F Development

The sixth area identified for development is the area west of the Rangataiki River. Most of the area was part of the Original Braemar scheme, so is connected to the scheme and has water entitlement for dairy farming. However, there are areas to the north around Thornton, and the south around Te Teko and Onepu, which were not part of the Original Braemar scheme, and could be connected or developed for dairy farming.

Phase F allows for 198 new domestic connections and 1,898 ha of land with potential for dairy development to be connected to the scheme.

Details of the cost estimate for the scenario are in Appendix A. The cost for the upgrades to develop Phase F is $2.1M. 6.10 Extension to 15 m Contour

Once the existing area of the water supply is fully developed, the Strategy allows for extension of the scheme boundary to the 15 m contour.

The extension to the 15 m contour would allow a large area around the Tarawera River near Matata, an area around Macdonald Road in the south of the scheme, and a smaller area to the east to be added.

Extension to the 15 m contour allows for 106 new domestic connections and 2,626 has of land with potential for dairy development to be connected to the scheme.

Details of the cost estimate for the scenario are in Appendix A. The cost for the upgrades to develop to the 15 m contour is $5.6M. 6.11 Summary and Observations

The overall development proposed including extending the scheme to the 15 m contour, would allow 10,509 ha of land with potential for dairy farming to be connected to the Plains water supply, along with 1008 domestic connections. The total cost to develop Paul Road, resolve existing level of service issues and supply the ultimate demand is $26.8M. That represents a cost of just over $2500 per hectare of new dairy demand connected to the scheme

If development occurs as described in the Strategy over 50 years, the average annual funding required will be approximately $540,000, with substantial upfront investment to set up the Paul Road borefield and linkages to the existing network.

There is a possibility of providing an emergency water supply to Whakatane from Paul Road, provided an adequate amount of water is available at Paul Road. The estimated cost for a 4 ML/d supply to Whakatane is $3.4M and the estimated cost for an 8 ML/d supply to Whakatane is $8.3M. The 4 ML/d supply would require blending with the existing water supply, or restrictions to be applied if emergency supply was required during peak periods.

The upgrades planned across the whole scheme with full development, and for supply to the Plains only is shown in Appendix C.

Appendix A – Cost Estimates

Paul Road to Paul Road to Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Phase E Phase F Extension to Plains and Edgecumbe Supply Edgecumbe Awakeri Res Development Development Development Development Development Development 15 m Contour Area Detail Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 5 Scenario 6 Scenario 7 Scenario 8 Scenario 9 Scenario 10 Scenario 11 Bores, pumps, suction tank and Paul Road headworks $ 311,000 $ 902,000 $ 902,000 $ 902,000 $ 902,000 $ 902,000 $ 902,000 $ 902,000 $ 902,000 building Reservoir raised 10 m and increased Awakeri Reservoir $ - $ - $ - $ 1,200,000 $ 1,500,000 $ 1,800,000 $ 2,400,000 $ 2,400,000 $ 2,700,000 volume Link Paul Road source to network Pipe installation$ 1,557,000 $ 3,436,000 $ 3,436,000 $ 5,654,000 $ 5,654,000 $ 5,654,000 $ 5,654,000 $ 5,654,000 $ 5,654,000 Resolve low pressures in Braemar and Thornton Pipe installation$ - $ - $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 1,196,700 $ 4,490,600 and supply new connections Resolve low pressures in Onepu and supply new Pipe installation$ - $ - $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 1,011,650 $ 1,011,650 connections Resolve fire flow issues in Edgecumbe Pipe installation$ - $ - $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 Resolve low pressures in Te Teko, Te Mahoe, and Pipe installation$ - $ - $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 462,550 $ 1,432,450 Putiki and supply new connections Resolve low pressures in the Awakeri Extension Pipe installation$ - $ - $ 64,500 $ 1,427,200 $ 1,863,200 $ 3,538,550 $ 5,656,700 $ 5,656,700 $ 5,787,050

Subtotal all upgrades $ 1,868,000 $ 4,338,000 $ 5,724,000 $ 10,505,000 $ 11,241,000 $ 13,216,000 $ 15,935,000 $ 17,648,000 $ 22,343,000

Contingency 20%$ 374,000 $ 868,000 $ 1,145,000 $ 2,101,000 $ 2,248,000 $ 2,643,000 $ 3,187,000 $ 3,530,000 $ 4,469,000

Total Cost $ 2,242,000 $ 5,206,000 $ 6,869,000 $ 12,606,000 $ 13,489,000 $ 15,859,000 $ 19,122,000 $ 21,178,000 $ 26,812,000

Edgecumbe Cost per Phase $ 2,242,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Plains Cost per Phase $ - $ 2,964,000 $ 1,663,000 $ 5,737,000 $ 883,000 $ 2,370,000 $ 3,263,000 $ 2,056,000 $ 5,634,000

Braemar 4.62 4.65 4.65 4.66 4.65 4.67 4.73 Johnson Road 2.76 2.48 2.48 2.49 2.49 3.22 3.26 Water Produced (ML/d on peak day) Paul Road 3.74 4.82 4.89 5.52 6.63 6.70 7.30 Te Teko 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 11.12 11.95 12.02 12.67 13.77 14.59 15.29

New Domestic Connections (No.) 0 0 109 500 557 654 704 902 1008 New Connections New Dairy Connections (No.) 0 0 88 131 155 192 259 533 751 New Dairy Connections (ha) 0 0 1687 2678 3516 4465 5985 7883 10509

Phase A - Area east of Rangataiki River and upstream of Awakeri Reservoir Phase B - Area east of SH30 in Awakeri Extension Phase C - Southern part of Awakeri Extension Phase D - Northern part of Awakeri Extension including the airport Phase E - Extend Awakeri Extension to the Rangataiki River Phase F - West of Rangataiki River Paul Road to Paul Road to Paul Road to Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Phase E Phase F Extension to Partial Emergency Supply to Whakatane Edgecumbe Whakatane WTP Whakatane WTP Development Development Development Development Development Development 15 m Contour Area Detail Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 5 Scenario 6 Scenario 7 Scenario 8 Scenario 9 Scenario 10 Scenario 11 Bores, pumps, suction tank and Paul Road headworks $ 311,000 $ 902,000 $ 1,499,000 $ 1,499,000 $ 1,499,000 $ 1,499,000 $ 1,499,000 $ 1,499,000 $ 1,499,000 $ 1,499,000 building Reservoir raised 10 m and increased Awakeri Reservoir $ - $ 1,200,000 $ 1,200,000 $ 1,200,000 $ 1,200,000 $ 1,500,000 $ 1,800,000 $ 2,400,000 $ 2,400,000 $ 2,700,000 volume Link Paul Road source to network Pipe installation$ 1,557,000 $ 5,654,000 $ 7,888,000 $ 7,888,000 $ 7,888,000 $ 7,888,000 $ 7,888,000 $ 7,888,000 $ 7,888,000 $ 7,888,000 Resolve low pressures in Braemar and Thornton Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 1,196,700 $ 4,490,600 and supply new connections Resolve low pressures in Onepu and supply new Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 1,011,650 $ 1,011,650 connections Resolve fire flow issues in Edgecumbe Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 Resolve low pressures in Te Teko, Te Mahoe, and Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 462,550 $ 1,432,450 Putiki and supply new connections Resolve low pressures in the Awakeri Extension Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 64,500 $ 1,427,200 $ 1,863,200 $ 3,538,550 $ 5,656,700 $ 5,656,700 $ 5,787,050

Subtotal all upgrades $ 1,868,000 $ 7,756,000 $ 10,587,000 $ 11,973,000 $ 13,336,000 $ 14,072,000 $ 16,047,000 $ 18,766,000 $ 20,479,000 $ 25,174,000

Contingency 20%$ 374,000 $ 1,551,000 $ 2,117,000 $ 2,395,000 $ 2,667,000 $ 2,814,000 $ 3,209,000 $ 3,753,000 $ 4,096,000 $ 5,035,000

Total Cost $ 2,242,000 $ 9,307,000 $ 12,704,000 $ 14,368,000 $ 16,003,000 $ 16,886,000 $ 19,256,000 $ 22,519,000 $ 24,575,000 $ 30,209,000

Edgecumbe Cost per Phase $ 2,242,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Plains Cost per Phase $ - $ 7,065,000 $ - $ 1,664,000 $ 1,635,000 $ 883,000 $ 2,370,000 $ 3,263,000 $ 2,056,000 $ 5,634,000

Whakatane Cost per Phase $ - $ - $ 3,397,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Braemar 4.62 4.65 4.65 4.66 4.65 4.67 4.73 Johnson Road 2.76 2.48 2.48 2.49 2.49 3.22 3.26 Water Produced (ML/d on peak day) Paul Road 7.74 8.82 8.89 9.52 10.63 10.70 11.30 Te Teko 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 15.12 15.95 16.02 16.67 17.77 18.59 19.29

New Domestic Connections (No.) 0 0 0 109 500 557 654 704 902 1008 New Connections New Dairy Connections (No.) 0 0 0 88 131 155 192 259 533 751 New Dairy Connections (ha) 0 0 0 1687 2678 3516 4465 5985 7883 10509

Phase A - Area east of Rangataiki River and upstream of Awakeri Reservoir Phase B - Area east of SH30 in Awakeri Extension Phase C - Southern part of Awakeri Extension Phase D - Northern part of Awakeri Extension including the airport Phase E - Extend Awakeri Extension to the Rangataiki River Phase F - West of Rangataiki River Paul Road to Paul Road to Paul Road to Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Phase E Phase F Extension to Full Emergency Supply to Whakatane Edgecumbe Whakatane WTP Whakatane WTP Development Development Development Development Development Development 15 m Contour Area Detail Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 Scenario 6 Scenario 7 Scenario 8 Scenario 9 Scenario 10 Scenario 11 Bores, pumps, suction tank and Paul Road headworks $ 311,000 $ 902,000 $ 2,735,000 $ 2,735,000 $ 2,735,000 $ 2,735,000 $ 2,735,000 $ 2,735,000 $ 2,735,000 $ 2,735,000 building Reservoir raised 10 m and increased Awakeri Reservoir $ - $ 1,200,000 $ 1,200,000 $ 1,200,000 $ 1,200,000 $ 1,500,000 $ 1,800,000 $ 2,400,000 $ 2,400,000 $ 2,700,000 volume Link Paul Road source to network Pipe installation$ 1,557,000 $ 5,654,000 $ 10,761,000 $ 10,761,000 $ 10,761,000 $ 10,761,000 $ 10,761,000 $ 10,761,000 $ 10,761,000 $ 10,761,000 Resolve low pressures in Braemar and Thornton Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 1,196,700 $ 4,490,600 and supply new connections Resolve low pressures in Onepu and supply new Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 1,011,650 $ 1,011,650 connections Resolve fire flow issues in Edgecumbe Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 Resolve low pressures in Te Teko, Te Mahoe, and Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 462,550 $ 1,432,450 Putiki and supply new connections Resolve low pressures in the Awakeri Extension Pipe installation$ - $ - $ - $ 64,500 $ 1,427,200 $ 1,863,200 $ 3,538,550 $ 5,656,700 $ 5,656,700 $ 5,787,050

Subtotal all upgrades $ 1,868,000 $ 7,756,000 $ 14,696,000 $ 16,082,000 $ 17,445,000 $ 18,181,000 $ 20,156,000 $ 22,875,000 $ 24,588,000 $ 29,283,000

Contingency 20%$ 374,000 $ 1,551,000 $ 2,939,000 $ 3,216,000 $ 3,489,000 $ 3,636,000 $ 4,031,000 $ 4,575,000 $ 4,918,000 $ 5,857,000

Total Cost $ 2,242,000 $ 9,307,000 $ 17,635,000 $ 19,298,000 $ 20,934,000 $ 21,817,000 $ 24,187,000 $ 27,450,000 $ 29,506,000 $ 35,140,000

Edgecumbe Cost per Phase $ 2,242,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Plains Cost per Phase $ - $ 7,065,000 $ - $ 1,663,000 $ 1,636,000 $ 883,000 $ 2,370,000 $ 3,263,000 $ 2,056,000 $ 5,634,000

Whakatane Cost per Phase $ - $ - $ 8,328,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Braemar 4.62 4.65 4.65 4.66 4.65 4.67 4.73 Johnson Road 2.76 2.48 2.48 2.49 2.49 3.22 3.26 Water Produced (ML/d on peak day) Paul Road 11.74 12.82 12.89 13.52 14.63 14.70 15.30 Te Teko 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 19.12 19.95 20.02 20.67 21.77 22.59 23.29

Item Unit Quantity Rate Amount Quantity Rate Amount Quantity Rate Amount Quantity Rate Amount

Develop existing bore for production LS 1 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 1 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 1 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 1 $ 50,000 $ 50,000 Drill and develop additional DN250 wells including wellhead ea 0 $ 450,000 $ - 1 $ 450,000 $ 450,000 2 $ 450,000 $ 900,000 2 $ 450,000 $ 900,000 protection for DWSNZ compliance (Note 1) Supply and install submersible pumps (Note 2) ea 1 $ 9,360 $ 9,360 2 $ 9,360 $ 18,720 3 $ 9,360 $ 28,080 3 $ 9,360 $ 28,080

DN150 riser pipes and electrical cabling m 50 $ 200 $ 10,000 100 $ 200 $ 20,000 150 $ 200 $ 30,000 150 $ 200 $ 30,000

Surface tank (Note 3) m³ 60 $ 600 $ 36,000 120 $ 600 $ 72,000 180 $ 600 $ 108,000 2000 $ 600 $ 1,200,000

Surface pumps (Note 4) ea 1 $ 12,120 $ 12,120 2 $ 12,120 $ 24,240 3 $ 12,120 $ 36,360 4 $ 12,120 $ 48,480

Flow metering (Note 5) LS 1 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 1 $ 10,000 $ 10,000 1 $ 20,000 $ 20,000 1 $ 30,000 $ 30,000

Treatment LS 1 $ 90,000 $ 90,000 1 $ 100,000 $ 100,000 1 $ 110,000 $ 110,000 1 $ 120,000 $ 120,000

Building and electrical control LS 1 $ 70,000 $ 70,000 1 $ 75,000 $ 75,000 1 $ 80,000 $ 80,000 1 $ 80,000 $ 80,000

Subtotal $ 282,480 $ 819,960 $ 1,362,440 $ 2,486,560

Preliminary and General 10% $ 28,248 $ 81,996 $ 136,244 $ 248,656

Total (Note 6) $ 311,000 $ 902,000 $ 1,499,000 $ 2,735,000

Community share (Note 6) Edgecumbe $ 311,000 Plains $ 591,000 Whakatane $ 597,000 Whakatane $ 1,833,000

Notes: 1. Number of wells based on required average demand and consideration of size of tank required. Assumed possible to develop up to 3 No. bores with a yield of 60 L/s each on site. 2. Submersible pumps Goulds 9TWLC 2 stage pump (30 kW) with duty of 60 L/s at 30 m head or similar. Cost plus 20% for installation. 3. Surface tank sizing based on minimum residence time of 15 min to settle sand from the bore, and if peak surface pump capacity > bore pump capacity then avoiding excessive drawdown of surface tank during peak demand 4. Surface pumps Goulds ISO.GIS.125×100-250 (75 kW) with duty of 65 L/s at 80 m or similar. Cost plus 20% for installation 5. Based on single magnetic flow meter on outlet from pump station. Diameter varies depending on scenario: DN200 scenario 1, DN300 scenario 2, DN400 scenarios 3 and 4. 6. Total costs and community shares do not include an allowance for contingency Paul Road to Whakatane WTP Pipe Costs Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Supply Edgecumbe and Awakeri Reservoir from Paul Road Supply Edgecumbe, Awakeri Reservoir, and Whakatane WTP Supply Edgecumbe, Awakeri Reservoir, and Whakatane WTP Supply Edgecumbe only from Paul Road with balancing with Braemar with emergency supply (4 MLD) with full emergency supply (8 MLD) Pipe Size Pipe Size Pipe Size Pipe Size Pipe Section Length (m) Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate Amount PE100 PN12.5 DN PE100 PN12.5 DN PE100 PN12.5 DN PE100 PN12.5 DN Paul Road to intersection of SH30, Macdonald Road and 780 225$ 200 $ 156,000 355 $ 340 $ 265,200 400 $ 400 $ 312,000 500 $ 560 $ 436,800 Western Drain Road Road crossing and connection to existing network at 40 - - $ - 225 $ 200 $ 8,000 225 $ 200 $ 8,000 225 $ 200 $ 8,000 intersection Western Drain Road from SH30 to Awakeri Road 4210 225 $ 200 $ 842,000 355 $ 340 $ 1,431,400 400 $ 400 $ 1,684,000 500 $ 560 $ 2,357,600

Awakeri Road from Western Drain Road to Main Street 2680 225 $ 200 $ 536,000 225 $ 200 $ 536,000 225 $ 200 $ 536,000 225 $ 200 $ 536,000

Extra over for crossing 150 Crossing $ 150 $ 22,500 Crossing $ 150 $ 22,500 Crossing $ 150 $ 22,500 Crossing $ 150 $ 22,500 Section 1 - Paul Road to Awakeri Road and 7860 $ 1,557,000 $ 2,263,000 $ 2,563,000 $ 3,361,000 Edgecumbe Cost Share Section 1 Edgecumbe $ 1,557,000 Plains $ 706,000 Whakatane $ 300,000 Whakatane $ 1,098,000 Awakeri Road from Western Drain Road to Awakeri 3450 355$ 340 $ 1,173,000 400$ 400 $ 1,380,000 450$ 500 $ 1,725,000 Reservoir SH30 from Awakeri Reservoir to White Pine Bush Road 1440 355$ 340 $ 489,600 400 $ 400 $ 576,000 450 $ 500 $ 720,000

SH30 from White Pine Bush Road to Angle Road 1250 315 $ 300 $ 375,000 355 $ 340 $ 425,000 450 $ 500 $ 625,000

SH30 from Angle Road to Te Rahu Road 2250 280 $ 260 $ 585,000 355 $ 340 $ 765,000 450 $ 500 $ 1,125,000

Te Rahu Road from SH30 to Station Road - section 1 2290 160 $ 160 $ 366,400 355 $ 340 $ 778,600 450 $ 500 $ 1,145,000

Te Rahu Road from SH30 to Station Road - section 2 1110 180 $ 180 $ 199,800 355 $ 340 $ 377,400 450 $ 500 $ 555,000

Te Rahu Road from Station Road to Rewatu Road 350 160 $ 160 $ 56,000 355 $ 340 $ 119,000 450 $ 500 $ 175,000

Rewatu Road from Te Rahu Road to Pahou Pa Road 1460 90 $ 100 $ 146,000 355 $ 340 $ 496,400 450 $ 500 $ 730,000

Rewatu Road from Pahou Pa Road to Whakatane WTP 1200 355 $ 340 $ 408,000 450 $ 500 $ 600,000

Section 2 - Awakeri Road to Whakatane WTP 14800 $ 3,391,000 $ 5,325,000 $ 7,400,000

Cost Share Section 2 Edgecumbe $ - Plains $ 3,391,000 Whakatane $ 1,934,000 Whakatane $ 4,009,000

Total - Section 1 and Section 2 22660 $ 1,557,000 $ 5,654,000 $ 7,888,000 $ 10,761,000

Cost Share Total Edgecumbe $ 1,557,000 Plains $ 4,097,000 Whakatane $ 2,234,000 Whakatane $ 5,107,000 Pipe Nominal Outside Diameter (DN) for PE100 SDR13.6 pipe as twin pipe Pipe Upgrade Cost Extend scheme Extend scheme Replace or Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Phase E Phase F Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Phase E Phase F boundary to 15m boundary to 15m Twin? Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development contour contour Upgrade Area Location Detail Length (m) Replace Scenario 5 Scenario 6 Scenario 7 Scenario 8 Scenario 9 Scenario 10 Scenario 11 Scenario 5 Scenario 6 Scenario 7 Scenario 8 Scenario 9 Scenario 10 Scenario 11 Gow Road Matata Road and Omehu Canal 1730 Yes - - - - - 160 160 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 276,800 $ 276,800 Gow Road Omehu Canal and Awaiti Stream 1000 Yes 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 $ 145,000 $ 145,000 $ 145,000 $ 145,000 $ 145,000 $ 145,000 $ 145,000 Gow Road Awaiti Stream and West Bank Road 1640 Yes 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 $ 237,800 $ 237,800 $ 237,800 $ 237,800 $ 237,800 $ 237,800 $ 237,800 Walker Road North from Thornton Road 530 No 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 $ 37,100 $ 37,100 $ 37,100 $ 37,100 $ 37,100 $ 37,100 $ 37,100 Awaiti North Road Matata Road and Paku Road 2500 Yes - - - - - 225 225 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 500,000 $ 500,000 From Awaiti South Road to Sutherland Matata Road 1340 Yes ------225 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 268,000 Road Upgrades to resolve Matata Road From Sutherland Road to Caverhill Road 2520 Yes ------180 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 453,600 low pressures in Matata Road Extra over for crossing 150 ------Crossing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 22,500 Braemar and From Caverhill Road to Awakaponga Thornton and supply Matata Road / Flax Road 2090 Yes ------125 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 303,050 Canal new connections Caverhill Road From Matata Road to Braemar Road 720 Yes ------110 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 97,200 Braemar Road South from Caverhill Road 3350 Yes ------90 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 335,000 Awakaponga Canal From Flax Road to Thornton Road 2850 Yes ------125 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 413,250 Thornton Road From Tarawera River to Greig Road 1810 Yes ------160 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 289,600 Thornton Road Extra over for crossing 150 ------Crossing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 22,500 Thornton Road West from Tarawera River 1260 Yes ------90 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 126,000 Sutherland Road From Matata Road to Thornton Road 6020 Yes ------160 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 963,200 Subtotal Thornton and Braemar $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 419,900 $ 1,196,700 $ 4,490,600 Military Road From Hallet Road to SH30 2860 Yes - - - - - 180 180 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 514,800 $ 514,800

SH30 Crossing near Military Road 30 No 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 $ 4,350 $ 4,350 $ 4,350 $ 4,350 $ 4,350 $ 4,350 $ 4,350 Upgrades to resolve low pressures in Kawarau Road From SH30 to Lambert Road 860 No 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 $ 137,600 $ 137,600 $ 137,600 $ 137,600 $ 137,600 $ 137,600 $ 137,600 Onepu and to Kawarau Road From Park Road to Onepu Spring Road 1660 No 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 $ 124,500 $ 124,500 $ 124,500 $ 124,500 $ 124,500 $ 124,500 $ 124,500 service adjacent new areas Thompson Road East from Onepu Spring Road 660 No - - - - - 50 50 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 46,200 $ 46,200 Lambert Road South from Kawarau Road 1110 No - - - - - 50 50 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 77,700 $ 77,700 Park Road South from Kawarau Road 1420 No - - - - - 75 75 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 106,500 $ 106,500 Subtotal Onepu $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 266,450 $ 1,011,650 $ 1,011,650 From Bridge Street to Edgecumbe Upgrades to resolve College Road 1680 No 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 $ 268,800 $ 268,800 $ 268,800 $ 268,800 $ 268,800 $ 268,800 $ 268,800 Soldiers Road fire flow issues in Main Street From Bridge Street to Totara Street 600 No 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 $ 96,000 $ 96,000 $ 96,000 $ 96,000 $ 96,000 $ 96,000 $ 96,000 Edgecumbe Subtotal Edgecumbe Fire Flows $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 $ 364,800 South from end of existing 100mm pipe Upgrades to resolve Galatea Road 970 No 75 75 75 75 75 75 110 $ 72,750 $ 72,750 $ 72,750 $ 72,750 $ 72,750 $ 72,750 $ 130,950 to end of existing 25mm pipe low pressures in Te Teko, Putiki and Te Galatea Road From end of existing to Macdonald Road 2640 Yes 75 75 75 75 75 75 110 $ 198,000 $ 198,000 $ 198,000 $ 198,000 $ 198,000 $ 198,000 $ 356,400 Mahoe and to Macdonald Road From SH30 to Galatea Road 5580 Yes ------110 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 753,300 service adjacent new Powell Road From Greive Road to Te Teko Road 2740 No - - - - - 50 50 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 191,800 $ 191,800 areas Subtotal Te Teko, Putiki and Te Mahoe $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 270,750 $ 462,550 $ 1,432,450 SH30 / Eastern Boundary From Te Rahu Road to Thornton Road - 1460 No - - - 225 225 225 225 $ - $ - $ - $ 292,000 $ 292,000 $ 292,000 $ 292,000 Road section 1 SH30 / Eastern Boundary From Te Rahu Road to Thornton Road - 1870 No - - - 225 225 225 225 $ - $ - $ - $ 374,000 $ 374,000 $ 374,000 $ 374,000 Road section 2 From Thornton Road to Aerodrome Road Golf Links Road 860 No 75 75 75 75 110 110 110 $ 64,500 $ 64,500 $ 64,500 $ 64,500 $ 116,100 $ 116,100 $ 116,100 - section 1 From Thornton Road to Aerodrome Road Golf Links Road 900 No - - - - 90 90 90 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 90,000 $ 90,000 $ 90,000 - section 2 Aerodrome Road From Golf Links Road to the airport 2020 No - - - 90 90 90 90 $ - $ - $ - $ 202,000 $ 202,000 $ 202,000 $ 202,000 Off SH30 Near Fortune Road 1170 No - - - 75 75 75 75 $ - $ - $ - $ 87,750 $ 87,750 $ 87,750 $ 87,750 West from Golf Links Road - Thornton Road 2510 No - - - 160 180 180 180 $ - $ - $ - $ 401,600 $ 451,800 $ 451,800 $ 451,800 section 1 West from Golf Links Road - Thornton Road 1600 No - - - 160 160 160 160 $ - $ - $ - $ 256,000 $ 256,000 $ 256,000 $ 256,000 section 2 West from Golf Links Road - Thornton Road 1760 No - - - - 125 125 125 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 255,200 $ 255,200 $ 255,200 section 3 West from Golf Links Road - Thornton Road 1220 No - - - - 75 75 75 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 91,500 $ 91,500 $ 91,500 section 4 Thornton Hall Road North from Thornton Road 1960 No - - - - 75 75 75 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 147,000 $ 147,000 $ 147,000 Angle Road From SH30 to Luke Road 1330 No - - 225 225 225 225 225 $ - $ - $ 266,000 $ 266,000 $ 266,000 $ 266,000 $ 266,000 Angle Road From Luke Road to Luxton Road 850 No - - 225 225 225 225 225 $ - $ - $ 170,000 $ 170,000 $ 170,000 $ 170,000 $ 170,000 From Powdrell Road to Western Drain McLean Road 1050 No - - - - 180 180 180 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 189,000 $ 189,000 $ 189,000 Road - Section 1 From Powdrell Road to Western Drain Upgrades to resolve McLean Road 1200 No - - - - 160 160 160 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 192,000 $ 192,000 $ 192,000 Road - Section 2 low pressure in the From Western Drain Road to East Bank Awakeri Extension McLean Road 2630 Yes - - - - 160 160 160 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 420,800 $ 420,800 $ 420,800 Road East Bank Road North from McLean Road - section 1 1150 No - - - - 160 160 160 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 184,000 $ 184,000 $ 184,000 East Bank Road North from McLean Road - section 2 1620 No - - - - 125 125 125 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 234,900 $ 234,900 $ 234,900 East Bank Road North from McLean Road - section 3 1570 No - - - - 110 110 110 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 211,950 $ 211,950 $ 211,950 Powdrell Road North from Luxton Road 620 No - - - 90 90 90 90 $ - $ - $ - $ 62,000 $ 62,000 $ 62,000 $ 62,000 From SH30 to Station Road - White Pine Bush Road 1470 No - 125 125 125 125 125 125 $ - $ 213,150 $ 213,150 $ 213,150 $ 213,150 $ 213,150 $ 213,150 section 1 From SH30 to Station Road - White Pine Bush Road 2470 No - 125 125 125 125 125 125 $ - $ 358,150 $ 358,150 $ 358,150 $ 358,150 $ 358,150 $ 358,150 section 2 From SH30 to Station Road - White Pine Bush Road 510 No - 160 160 160 160 160 160 $ - $ 81,600 $ 81,600 $ 81,600 $ 81,600 $ 81,600 $ 81,600 section 3 Pahou Pa Road South from Rewatu Road 360 No - 50 50 50 50 50 50 $ - $ 25,200 $ 25,200 $ 25,200 $ 25,200 $ 25,200 $ 25,200 Te Rahu Road / Paroa North from Rewatu Road - section 1 800 No - 75 75 75 75 75 75 $ - $ 60,000 $ 60,000 $ 60,000 $ 60,000 $ 60,000 $ 60,000 Road Te Rahu Road / Paroa North from Rewatu Road - section 2 870 No - 50 50 50 50 50 50 $ - $ 60,900 $ 60,900 $ 60,900 $ 60,900 $ 60,900 $ 60,900 Road From White Pine Bush Road to Titoki Station Road 780 No - 160 160 160 160 160 160 $ - $ 124,800 $ 124,800 $ 124,800 $ 124,800 $ 124,800 $ 124,800 Road - section 1 From White Pine Bush Road to Titoki Station Road 720 No - 160 160 160 160 160 160 $ - $ 115,200 $ 115,200 $ 115,200 $ 115,200 $ 115,200 $ 115,200 Road - section 2 Titoki Road From Station Road to Rewatu Road 2020 No - 110 110 110 110 110 110 $ - $ 272,700 $ 272,700 $ 272,700 $ 272,700 $ 272,700 $ 272,700 Rewatu Road South from Titoki Road - section 1 850 No - 40 40 40 40 40 75 $ - $ 51,000 $ 51,000 $ 51,000 $ 51,000 $ 51,000 $ 63,750 Rewatu Road South from Titoki Road - section 2 1680 Yes ------50 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 117,600 Subtotal Awakeri Extension $ 64,500 $ 1,427,200 $ 1,863,200 $ 3,538,550 $ 5,656,700 $ 5,656,700 $ 5,787,050 Pipe Nominal Outside Diameter (DN) for PE100 SDR13.6 pipe as twin pipe Pipe Upgrade Cost Extend scheme Extend scheme Replace or Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Phase E Phase F Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Phase E Phase F boundary to 15m boundary to 15m Twin? Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development contour contour Upgrade Area Location Detail Length (m) Replace Scenario 5 Scenario 6 Scenario 7 Scenario 8 Scenario 9 Scenario 10 Scenario 11 Scenario 5 Scenario 6 Scenario 7 Scenario 8 Scenario 9 Scenario 10 Scenario 11

Diameter Length (m) Length (m) Length (m) Length (m) Length (m) Length (m) Length (m) 40 0 850 850 850 850 850 0 50 530 1760 1760 1760 1760 6270 7950 75 6130 6930 6930 8100 10420 11840 9080 90 0 0 0 2640 3540 3540 8150 110 0 2020 2020 2020 4450 4450 14360 125 2670 6610 6610 6610 9990 9990 14930 160 3140 5150 5150 9260 11730 13460 21290 180 0 0 0 0 3560 6420 8940 225 0 0 2180 5510 5510 8010 9350 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 12470 23320 25500 36750 51810 64830 94050

Appendix B – Development Maps

Appendix C – Ultimate Upgrades

Opus International Consultants Ltd 20 Moorhouse Avenue PO Box 1482, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand t: +64 3 363 5400 f: +64 3 365 7858 w: www.opus.co.nz