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A HISTORY of the TUARARANGAIA BLOCKS Wai894 #A3 Wai36 #A22 Wai 726 #A4

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A HISTORY of the TUARARANGAIA BLOCKS Wai894 #A3 Wai36 #A22 Wai 726 #A4 A HISTORY OF THE TUARARANGAIA BLOCKS Wai894 #A3 Wai36 #A22 Wai 726 #A4 PETER CLAYWORTH A REPORT COMMISSIONED BY THE WAITANGI TRIBUNAL MAY 2001 CONTENTS LIST OF MAPS ....................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 8 i.i Claims relating to the Tuararangaia blocks ...................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1: THE TUARARANGAIA BLOCK: TE WHENUA, TE TANGATA ....... 16 1.1 Te Whenua, Te Ngahere ................................................................................................. 16 1.2 Early occupation and resource uses ................................................................................ 19 1.3 Hapu and iwi associated with Tuararangaia ................................................................... 22 1.3.1 Ngati Awa ................................................................................................................. 22 1.3.2 Ngati Pukeko ............................................................................................................. 23 1.3.3 Warahoe .................................................................................................................... 24 1.3.4 Ngati Hamua ............................................................................................................. 25 1.3.5 Tuhoe ......................................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 2: THE NINETEENTH CENTURY BACKGROUND - CONFLICT BETWEEN TRIBES AND CONTACT BETWEEN PEOPLES ...................................... 28 2.1 The Impact of the Musket Wars: The Nga Puhi raids 1818-24 ...................................... 28 2.2 Two hundred years of conflict: Ngati Awa and Ngati Pukeko versus Tuhoe ................ 31 2.2.1 The fighting in the Rangitaiki area: The expulsion ofWarahoe and Ngati Hamua .. 33 2.3 The arrival of the Pakeha in the eastern bay of plenty: Early traders and missionaries. 35 2.4 Te Riri Pakeha: War and confiscation ............................................................................ 36 2.4.1 Te Kooti and Tuhoe resistance .................................................................................. 38 2.5 Tuhoe attempts to retain autonomy: Te Whitu Tekau me Te Rohe Potae ..................... 39 2.6 Crown purchases of eastern Bay of Plenty lands .......................................................... .41 2.6.1 Land debates in the Rangitaiki area: Matahina and Waiohau .................................. .43 2.7 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 3: THE TUARARANGAIA BLOCK IS BROUGHT BEFORE THE NATIVE LAND COURT ....................................................................................................................... 48 3.1 The survey ...................................................................................................................... 48 3.2 The Whakatane Native Land Court sitting 1890-1891.. ................................................. 50 3.3 Te Whaiti Paora's claims for Warahoe, Ngati Hamua and Tuhoe ................................. 51 3.4 Pihopa Tamawhati Tamehana's evidence for Ngati Hamua and Warahoe .................... 52 3.5 Tuhoe support for the claim ofTe Whaiti Paora ............................................................ 54 2 3.5.1 Summary of the Ngati Hamua, Warahoe and Tuhoe cases ....................................... 57 3.6 The Ngati Awa cases: Hire Wetere ................................................................................ 58 3.7 Penetito Hawea presents an alternative Ngati Awa claim .............................................. 61 3.7.1 Summary ofPenetito Hawea's case .......................................................................... 63 3.8 The Ngati Pukeko case ................................................................................................... 63 3.8.1 Summary of the Ngati Pukeko case .......................................................................... 66 3.9 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 66 CHAPTER 4: THE NATIVE LAND COURT DECISIONS ON THE TUARARANGAIA BLOCK ................................................................................................................................... 70 4.1 Gudgeon's decisions on the Tuararangaia title ............................................................... 70 4.1.1 Gudgeon's decisions on Ngati Awa's claim ............................................................. 70 4.1.2 Gudgeon's decision on the Ngati Pukeko claims ...................................................... 71 4.1.3 Gudgeon's decisions on the Ngati Hamua, Warahoe and Tuhoe claims .................. 72 4.2 Tuhoe are given title to Tuararangaia 1 .......................................................................... 75 4.3 Tuararangaia 2 awarded to Ngati Pukeko ...................................................................... 76 4.4 Tuararangaia 3 awarded to Ngati Hamua And Warahoe ................................................ 76 4.5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 78 CHAPTER 5: THE ALIENATION OF LAND BEGINS: PARTITION AND SURVEY LIENS, 1896 -1907 ................................................................................................................ 79 5.1 Alienation ofland: policies in the Liberal era ................................................................ 79 5.2 The laws regarding partition and alienation in the 1890s ............................................... 79 5.3 The purchase of Tuararangaia 3A: The removal of restrictions on alienation ............... 80 5.4 The charging of survey costs for the Tuararangaia blocks ............................................. 82 5.4.1 The obstruction of Baker's survey, 1885 .................................................................. 83 5.4.2 The Native Land Court makes orders for the survey charges, 1898 ......................... 85 5.4.3 Land taken to cover survey costs, 1907 .................................................................... 87 5.5 Issues arising from the survey charges ........................................................................... 90 5.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 94 CHAPTER 6: THE GIFTING AND SALE OF LAND IN THE 1910s . ........................... 97 6.1 The education endowment from Tuararangaia 1B .......................................................... 97 6.2 The gifting of northern Tuararangaia 1B to the War Fund .......................................... 104 6.3 The sale of Tuararangaia 2B ......................................................................................... 107 6.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 110 CHAPTER 7: DEVELOPMENTS ON THE TUARARANGAIA BLOCKS 1918-1970s112 3 7.1 Public Works takings: A road along the Rangitaiki ..................................................... 112 7.2 Settlement plans on the Tuararangaia block ................................................................. 114 7.3 Forestry developments on Tuararangaia 1B: The uses of funds generated by the education endowment land ................................................................................................. 115 7.4 Logging of forests on the Tuararangaia 3B2 block ....................................................... 118 7.5 The building ofthe Matahina dam ............................................................................... 119 7.6 The partition and amalgamation of Tuararangaia 3B2 ................................................. 122 7.7 The return of Tuararangaia 1b ...................................................................................... 123 7.8 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 126 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 128 BIBLIOGRAPHy ................................................................................................................ 137 4 LIST OF MAPS Map 1: Location of the Tuararangaia block. ......................................................... 13 Map 2: Geographical features and traditional place-names ofthe Tuararangaia block .. " ..... 17 Map 3: Land divisions after the 1891 Native Land Court decisions .............................. 74 Map 4: Cadastral map of Tuararangaia ............................................................... 125 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Direction commissioning research 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The Charging Orders Sought Against the Tuararangaia Blocks ........................ 83 Table 2: Survey Charges Imposed on Tuararangaia Block. ........................................ 88 Table 3: The Division and Alienation of the Tuararangaia Blocks,
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