Al.l.KN Tmuiii.K. Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

At the request of my family, I have prepared the following account of my ancestors, as derived from the two past genera­ tions:1 My paternal grandfather, John Trimble,' with three brothers, emigrated from the North of Ireland to America, in the early part of the 17th century. Their ancestors were of Scotch descent, disciples of the great reformer, Knox, and deeply imbued with the religious zeal and uncompromising spirit of that extraordi­ nary man, and had witnessed and felt the consequences of the bloody scenes that followed the Reformation; and .although the victory of King William, at the great battle of Boyne, in 1688, gave the Irish Protestants some relief from Catholic persecution, they continued to feel that they had held liberty and property - by a precarious tenure; and many of their descendants deter­ mined to seek, a home in the New World, where it was understood religious freedom could be enjoyed. Among the emigrants of this period were the Aliens, Andersons, Brattons, Bells, Browns, Christies (or Christians, as they were, called), Craigs, Crawfords., Estells, Gambles, Moors, Moffats, McDowells, McClures, McCues, McNairs, Matthews, Poages, Prestons, Robinsons, etc. 'Most of these, after a few years resi-

1. The following manuscript was found among the papers in the secretary of Gov­ ernor Trimble during the summer of 1905. He did not tell any member of his family that he had complied with the request so often made oi' him to put into writing the incidents of his eventful life. His granddaughter, Mary McA. T. Turtle, and his grandson, Henry B. Thompson, have prepared and edited this material. 2. The name of Tumbull, from which Trimble is derived, was given to one William Rule in 1296, who had sworn fealty to Edward, and who saved the life of King Bruce, a gallant exploit. While hunting, the King was attacked and unhorsed by a wild bull, but was saved from death by this Wm. Rule, who threw himself between the King and the wild animal, seized It by Its horns, overturned and killed it. The coat of arms repre­ sents the bull's head on a ground of ermine. Motto: "ServavtRegem." The Tremble arms show a crest upon a shield. Creet. An eagle rising from a crown of plumes. Motto: " Malo Mori Quam Foedari. The coat of arms which has been handed down in the family tradition being Identical with the device used by the Trumbulls of New England, both names Trimble and Trum­ bull, said to be corruptions of the original Scotch Tumbull.—" Americans oi' Gentle Birth." Mrs. H. D; Pittman, St. Louis, 1M2. 2 Autobiography of Allen Trimble

dence in Pennsylvania, joined the tide of emigration to Virginia and were among the first settlers in the Valley, between the North and South Mountains, comprehending the County of Augusta, then the frontier county of the .colony. John Trimble arid one of his brothers, James, I1 think, were among the adventurers, but the other brothers remained in Penn­ sylvania. The privations and hardships incident to the settlement of a new country were greatly increased by the dangers to which the first settlers were exposed. Although the Indian tribes had. retired to the Ohio, and to the country north-west of that river,the y claimed that their hunting parties occupied the entire region.north-West of the Allegheny, and they made frequent attacks upon the settlements east of the Blue Ridge and in the Valley from Winchester to the James river, and the inhabitants were forced very often to abandon their im­ provements and protect themselves by erecting Block-houses. Here several families could congregate and together defend them­ selves against the sudden attacks of the enemy. This state of things continued several years previous to 1760 and afterwards up to 1774. When General Lewis, with his Western Virginians, called Virginia Brigade, in the hard fought and bloody battle at the mouth of the Great Kanawha, defeated the combined forces of the North-west Indians, under Logan and the Chief called "Corn-stalk", a temporary respite followed. Peace was imme­ diately afterwards made by Governor Dunmore with these tribes at their towns, or more properly called "villages'', on the Scioto river at Doit Charlotte, R. Mausais, and also the old town noW called Chillicothe (then only an Indian lodge), where they raised their teppees. Thus were those pioneers of the border of Virginia schooled for the trials they underwent during the Revolution. For as soon as the war commenced between the Colonies and the Mother Country, the savages commenced hostilities anew under the pro­ tection of the British Government; and from 1776 to 1784 con­ tinued to war against the whites, and were not subdued until de­ feated by General Anthony Wayne in the memorable battle of the Maumee River, of the Lake, in 1794. Governor Dunmore, with the main body of the army, marched from Richmond by Winchester to the mouth of the Little Kana­ wha, intending to drop down and join Lewis at Point Pleasant. Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 3

But the Indians, aware of the movement oi the army, supposing Lewis to be off his guard and on the Ohio, above the Point, attacked him before the arrival of Dunmore and were defeated, although Dunmore did not come tb his rescue. To continue with the history of our ancestry. My father, Jamejs Trimble, was born in 1753, near Staunton, Augusta County, Virginia. He was the only "child of John Trimble and his wife, Polly Christian, who had been previously married to John Moffitt.3 She had several children, namely, George, Robert William, Katherine and Hannah Moffitt. About the year 1763, a party of Indians from the Wyandotte tribe, north-west. of the Ohio river, under the command of a white man called Dickerson, made an excursion to the settle­ ment in Augusta, County Va., killed several persons and took some six or eight prisoners. My grandfather was killed and my father and his half-sister, Katy, the wife of Benjamin Estell, and also a negro boy, were taken prisoners, but grandmother and an apprenticed woman escaped. Dickerson, after plundering the house of what could be packed on four horses which he reserved, killing the balance of the stock, both horses and cattle,-and burning the houses and bams, then made a hasty retreat. George Moffitt (before named), raised a party of twenty-five men and on the following day was in pur­ suit of the Indians. But Dickerson having a day and night the start of him, and travelling both night and day, 'was not over- taven until he had crossed the Allegheny Mountains, and this was a great advantage to the Indian, marauders. Oh the fifth day, the. Indians, supposing themselves beyond pursuit, for the first time encamped for the night. Moffitt and his party came upon them unexpectedly and after a short conflict drove the Indians from their encampment and recovered the prisoners with­ out any loss, the negro boy only being wounded. One Indian was left on the ground and several, as afterwards understood, were wounded. Moffitt and his party encamped on the battle ground. The next morning, after collecting the horses and,baggage, he began to retreat. Dickerson followed and during the day, whilst cross­ ing the White Mountains, shot one of Moffitt's men, wounding

8. 'Among the stored away correspondence of these early days is a letter from Geo. Moffitt, June 23, 1801. from Augusta County, Va., to his brother-in-law. Captain James Trimble. A very religious spirit prevades thle letter, which closes with the Master's words, " I am come that ye might have life, and that ye might hare it more abundantly." 4 ' Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

him severely, so much so that he was carried on a bed to the settlement. After the return of Moffitt and his party, with the prisoners, the neighbors collected and put up a small house for the discon­ solate widpw and her little family and furnished them with the necessaries of life until they were able to supply themselves upon their own farm. I have often heard my grandmother speak of an incident that occurred at that period which she regarded as a special interpo­ sition of Providence. And this is the story which she said was true: 'The evening after the family went into the new cabin, the negro, woman, a native of Africa, came to her mistress and told her that a cow stood at the gate. As all of their cattle had been killed by the Indians, her mistress told her that the,cow must belong to some of the neighbors and that she should drive her away. The order was obeyed, but the next morning the plaintive low of the poor cow was heard at the gate again. They drove her some distance in the direction from which she came, after having supplied themselves with milk. This was done for several days, the cow still returning. Then notice was sent to the different settlements of the stray cow, but strange to relate, no owner came to claim her. She gave a rich supply of milk for eight months. Then, what is the most strange part of this episode, when a cow was obtained by the family, the stray cow left, and was never again seen, or even Iteard of, either by the family or, indeed, by any of their friends or neighbors. Was not this a strange and kind gift of Providence? It im­ pressed me when I heard it from grandmother, so much that I have never forgotten it, nor do I think any one will forget it who hears it related. From this period (1763), the family composed of the mother and son with two daughters and two domestics, Adam and Milly, Africans, commenced anew on their farm that had so recently been laid waste, under circumstances so afflicting; and with their accustomed industry soon were in possession of the necessaries of life, and would have enjoyed its comforts, but for the con­ tinued apprehension of danger from savage visitation, to which they were continually exposed for the next ten years, which was up to 1774. Autobiograpnj) of Allen Trimble. 5

When an expedition under the" Governor of Virginia (Dun­ more), of which the left wing was under General Lewis with his Veteran Virginia Riflemen,' met and conquered the combined forces of the Ohio Indians at the mouth of the Great Kanahwa, a temporary suspension oi hostilities was provided. My father was in that memorable battle and accompanied Governor Dun­ more, who was "the Colonial Governor of Virginia, in his pursuit of the Indians on their retreat from Point Pleasant after their defeat by Governor Lewis, to Fort Charlotte, in the Pickaway Plains near Circleville, Ohio, where the defeated Chiefs, in obe­ dience to a summons from the Governor, met him and concluded the peace referred to. After the close of the campaign (the result of which it was hoped would give peace to the western border of Virginia), father mar­ ried Patsy McNair, whose family was of Scotch descent and among the emigrants referred to. She lived but a short period after giving birth to her firstchild , leaving to her bereaved hus­ band the care of an infant daughter and an aged mother whose very existence seemed to depend upon her son. About this time the American Revolution began and he was strongly inclined to leave his family and join the American army, but the entreaties of his mother to remain and assist (as he had done) in defending their own state from renewed Indian hostilities, prevailed. There­ fore, he enrolled himself with the State troops and was actively engaged on the western borders of Virginia from the commence­ ment to the close of the Revolution. The British Government, through the influence of her traders and by large donations, in­ duced the Indians to renewed hostilities against the frontier of Virginia and Pennsylvania. During this period he married Jane Allen, daughter of James and Margaret Allen, (Margaret was the daughter of the Rev. Anderson), both of Augusta County, Virginia, whose ancestors were among the firstsettler s of that county. James Allen had two brothers, John and Hugh. John was in Grant's defeat and was supposed to have been killed. Hugh was a Lieutenant in the Virginia Brigade, commanded by General Lewis, and fell in the bloody battle at Point Pleasant in 1774, gallantly leading his command in a charge upon the enemy. He left three sons, John, William and Hugh; and two daughters. Hugh married our half sister, Hannah. The sons all removed to Kentucky and settled on land granted to them and their father for his military 6 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

service^. John being the oldest son, was by the (then) Law of Virginia, entitled to the whole of the lands, but with a generosity rarely met with, he gave his brothers an equal share of the inher­ itance. Our father purchased a part of those lands in Wood- forjil County, Kentucky, upon wh'ich he settled in 1784, and upon which he lived until the year of his death, 1804 (only 51 years of age).J> My maternal grandparents reared a large family, which con­ sisted of two sons, William and James, and eight daughters, Jane, Ann, Betsy, Mary, Rebecca, Peggy, Sally and Nancy. The first was my mother; the second married George Poague; the third, James M. McCue; the fourth, Nicholas Lewis;4 the fifth, John Cranford; the sixth, William Bell; the seventh, James Bell, and the eighth and -last, Samuel Frame. All of whom left large families, some of them very large, numbering from eight to twelve children each. My grandmother Allen's family were also numerous. I recol­ lect her brother William, who removed to Kentucky in 1784, and with our family lived in Jessamine County, and he also raised a large family, and all of them stood in good credit." The brother Andrew retained the old homestead of his mother's family. This homestead was located in Augusta County, Virginia, where he lived and died. Although not a man of distinguished ability, he was popular and represented Augusta County in the Legisla­ ture of Virginia longer than any other man ever had before him, and just as long as he desired. Robert, the older brother, re­ moved to South Carolina. He was a man of decided talent and occupied a very respectable position' in society, both as a public and private citizen, and his family are said to be numerous and highly respectable. My honored father had no relatives of his own name nearer than uncles and first cousins. John, Alexander, Moses and Wil­ liam were of this latter class. They resided in Rockbridge City, Virginia. John married and remqved to Tennessee, In after r 4. Hector Lewis writes In 1805 from Lexington, and Thomas Lewis in 1808, in which the names of Robert Todd and William Lytle occur; also about.the Parker survey land. titles, reference in this letter to General Nathaniel Mttssie—Thomas Lewis writes in 1808. AH early as 1810, Asa O. Lewis, one of the executors of Thomas L. Lewis, of Lexington, Ky., writes in regard to lands. The chirogorapby of the Lewis family is exceptionally good. We And other letters written in 1810, for instance, from Goochland County, Va., from Thomas Pemberton, on paper which now has turned as brown as " raw sienna," or the parchment land grants signed by our early Presidents. This Thomas Pembertan writes about one thousand acres of land on Paint Creek, and on Little Miami, one thou­ sand acres, the road from Chllpcha (Chilllcbthe) to Lima, Mas. Through this tract he Says—afterwards purchased, we think, by Captain James Trimble, father of Allen Trimble. , Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 7

years I met one of his sons, James Trimble, in the year 1802, at Claiborne Court House, Tennessee, attending Court as ah at­ torney at Law and I found him a very interesting and promising young man, and, as I years afterwards undertsood from Judge White of that state, he fully met the hopes and expectations of his friends. He died leaving one son, Alexander, who married, lived and died near Lexington, Virginia, leaving no children and his wife a very superior woman, was a Miss Grigsby. Of Moses and his family, I have no particular knowledge. William .was a very active business man, and died whilst Sheriff of Rockbridge County, Virginia, unmarried. Another family of our name came from Virginia and settled in Clark County, Kentucky. Robert, one of the sons, was edu­ cated at a Classical School in the County of Woodford, which was taught by Messrs: Steel and Moore. He, Robert, was often at our house, some four mile$ from the Academy. Our fathers had met and conversed upon the subject and concluded that they were connections, and cousins. Afterwards when he, Rob­ ert, became the distinguished lawyer and judge of the United State Supreme Court, I conversed with him, as did my brother, William A. Trimble, who read law in his office, upon the subject of our family connections, and it was concluded that we were united by kindred and that a consciousness of the fact should strengthen the ties of friendship and high regard which we bore to each other. After the death of my brother, William A. Trimble, in Decem­ ber, 1S21, I met Judge Trimble when attending the Court at Co­ lumbus, Ohio, and in referring to the death of my brother, his pupil, his friend and his relative, he said: "He could not express his sorrow for the sad and painful event." " That no young man had left his office better prepared for a career of usefulness and honour than William A, Trimble, and to be let down so early in life was to him a saddening thought."5 How little did this distinguished man think that his own bril­ liant career was so soon to terminate; and his family, his friends and his country be called upon to mourn over the loss of a hus­ band, a father, a friend and one of the most gifted and pure men of the nation. But so it was, Robert Trimble was cut off in the meridian of life, when his great powers as a jurist were just be­ ginning to unfold themselves. 0. Seo the Lite of L!eut.-Col. Wm. A. Trimble, United States Penntor, published in the Archaelogical and Historical Quarterly, July, 19J3. Written by Mary McA. T. Tuttle. 8 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

There were other members of this family, both brothers and sisters of Robert, although less distinguished but highly respect­ able. John, a younger brother, became a lawyer and judge in Kentucky of some note. They also had sisters, one of whom was a women of uncommon talent, but I have forgotten her maiden name, nor can I remember the name of the man she married. Now, there was also another family of our name, who emigrated to Ohio from Virginia, though of the Virginia-Maryland off­ shoot. They had resided in Pennsylvania, and John Trimble, the father, had four sons and four daughters. I knew David, the elder. He was a lawyer of talent, took an active part in the War of 1812, as aid-de-camp to General Harrison, with the rank of Major and represented the Mount Sterling District, in Ken­ tucky (where he had settled) for several years in the Congress of the United States, and afterwards engaged largely in the man­ ufacture of Iron in Greenup, which caused embarrassment and failure.6 His brother, John, was Clerk of the Court in Greenup. Wil­ liam was made, by President John Quincy Adams, a district judge in Arkansas, and Isaac, the other brother, who was edu­ cated at West Point, served as an engineer of some of the public works in Pennsylvania, settled in the city of Baltimore and was continued as engineer for many years. Nancy, the eldest daughter of this family, married Joshua Woodrow. Sallie married a Mr. Starr, who died leaving her a widow with two children. The eldest, Sarah Ann, my oldest son, Joseph McDowell Trimble, took to wife. The third daugh­ ter of Mr. Trimble, whose name was Charity, married James McClintock,7 of Chillicothe, and Catherine married Isaiah Morris, of Wilmington, Ohio. 6. WASHINGTON, March 24,1821. DEAR SIR—If you hear from * * * I will inform him of the * M * proposition you make, but have been told that he has sold his warrant. Mr. Clay goes on very well, and I am pretty sure that he will be one of the three highest, and if he comes onto the House, he will, no doubt, be the President, for he can beat any of tliera in that body. I am in better spirits as to his prospects than I have been at any anterior period. If New York goes for Crawford, Adams In done, and If for Adams, Crawford is done, but in the meantime it may go for Mr. Clay, or some part of it, 4 At the end of the session I will write you at large on the subject. Isaac Trimble will be at Woodrows In about six weeks. He is to resign hiB place in the army and go to Transylvania University. Giving my respects to all my relations, I am, Your friend, D. TRIMBLE. P. S.—The Supreme Court has just decided the lease of Dodridge & Co., and the deci­ sion is in favor of McArthur, who get? about 14,000 acres of land between the measures. The opinion being "that the land was reserved to satisfy Military Warrants and not sub­ ject to sale; 1. For a genealogy of this family see QUARTERLY, Vol. VII, p. 75. Mil*. Al.l.KN TlllMIII.K.

Autobiography of Allen Trimble... 9

This family, with most of whom I was intimately acquainted, was supposed to have descended from one of the four brothers before referred to, that remained in Pennsylvania several years after the emigration to America. And now it only remains to speak of the Christies (or as jsome have written the name, Chris­ tian), a branch of my father's family. They belonged to the Clags, or Clans, of the Scotch-Irish emi­ grants, before referred to, some of whom settled in Augusta County, Virginia, on a stream that took their name, i.e.," Christy Creek " or '' Christies Creek ". They, as all the original families of Trimbles, Aliens and Andersons, were free-holders—indepen­ dent farmers and respectable citizens. Grandfather Allen (in addition to farming operations) manufactured spinning wheels extensively, for he had learned the trade in his youth and finding the Jax wheel an indispensible article, he obtained a set of tools and for many years supplied the demand in western Virginia, and to some extent east of the Blue Ridge mountains with this article of household furniture, found in every well regulated fam­ ily, and used with great skill and almost an indispensible article of great value. This extraordinary man was a. superior mechanic by nature and also a model fanner, a kind husband and father, and admired for his virtues as a citizen. But above all, was he distinguished for his pure, unobtrusive and deep piety. He was a Presbyter­ ian, without that rigidity that sometimes leaves its impress up­ on even the face of the votaries. I remember when in 1797, I think it was, he, with his wife, visited'their children in Kentucky, my mother, aunt Mary Lewis, and William Allen. They spent much of their time at our house. They must have been near 70 years old, and they rode on horseback from Virginia to Ken­ tucky, 500 miles, and after paying a visit of six months, returned as they came. - He was a small man, about 5 feet, 8 inches high, weighing 150 pounds, finely formed, dark eyes, high forehead and remarkable for activity and strength of body and mind. His wife was above the medium height, as straight as an arrow and finely pro­ portioned, with a dark piercing eye and comely face, and she was remarkable for energy of character and true devotion to her family and to the cause of humanity in whatever form it presented itself. They were an admirable pair of the olden time; not rich, but enjoying a comfortable independence. They raised a large 10 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

family of children, gave them a good education and also some means to commence the world with;vbut above .all, a moral and religious training; a respectable position, the sure reward of vir­ tue and more to be desired than gold. I have listened with great interest to the conversation of those dear relatives and my father's mother (who lived with us), upon the subject of religion and politics. They were'of one faith upon the two subjects—Scotch Presbyterian and uncompromising Whigs. I recollect when speaking of their ancestors, they seemed proud, as I doub.t not they were, to say to their children and grandchildren, 'Our ancestors were law-abiding people; no one we ever heard of was ever charged with a crime, and through all the bloody wars that attended the Reformation, they to a man stood firm advocates and defenders of civil and religious freedom." I feel proud of my aticestry and family and hope those who fol­ low me of my kindred, will cherish a similar sentiment. I know of but one instance of a blood relative being charged and convicted of a criminal offence, and that case I will state, so that those who.follow me, may be careful to avoid the same haz­ ardous rocks and shoals: Robert Trimble, a distant relative of my father, married Han­ nah Moffet, a half sister. They moved to Kentucky at an early period and settled in Bourbon County, where they remained for several years. When the game became scarce in that particular region, (for he was'a great hunter and also Indian fighter, and great in nothing else), he removed with a large family to the mouth of the Cumberland, Kentucky. Here his third son, James, a man of some enterprise and also a practical surveyor, found profitable employment in re-surveying old land claims and made a good deal of money. Now, William and Robert, two younger brothers, served as chainmen for their brother. Robert was an active bold, young man, who had been brought up i31y- and had no relish for chain carrying. A man named Nolan, who had been in the country west of the Mississippi river among the Mexicans and Indians, and had acquired the art of catching wild horses, so abundant in that wild country at that time and for many years since, came into the lower part of Kentucky, and having disposed of the horses, which he had driven With him, proposed to raise a company of young men to join him in the trade, Which he assured them was not only lucrative but fascin­ ating in the extreme. This new enterprise suited the genius of Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 11

young Robert Trimble and he immediately embarked in it, with all his soul and also with high hopes; dropped the surveying chain, collected some funds and started to San Antonio with Nolan. The party bought from the owners of those herds of wild horses the privilege of harpooning or lassooning them, as they called it, as many asthey desired, and they were successful in securing all they'purchased and when sufficiently tamed were brought to Kentucky and Tennessee for sale. Robert Trimble's share of the profits of the enterprise was a subject of conversation in the county where he lived, and the Sheriff, whose name I have for­ gotten, remarked: 'That Bob Trimble could well afford to sell horses low, as he had stolen every one of them," or such language as implied that he, Trimble, was a genuine 'horse thief ". When Bob, as he was called, heard of the remark of the Sheriff, he said he would see the Sheriff, and if he refused to give him satisfaction he would kill him. So his good family endeavored to disuade «him from executing his reckless threat, but it was in vain, as he had been long enough in the great West to use a "gun" with precision,'and to also consider human life not worth a dare or "the lie." The next day he armed, himself with a brace of pistols and started to the dwelling of the Sheriff. William Trimble, his brother, followed, overtook and endeavored to prevent his broth­ er from proceeding to such extremities. ' Thus they rode on to­ gether, Bob insisting on William accompanying him to the resi­ dence of the Sheriff and witness the result, which he did. When they arrived, Robert rode within ten steps of the door and called to the Sheriff, who anticipated the object of Trimble's visit, took down his rifle from a rack above the door and then, without re­ plying to Trimble's inquiry, "If he had charged him with horse­ stealing," came to the -door and when in the act of taking aim at Trimble, the latter shot him through the heart and he fell dead on the spot. The occurrence caused great excitement in the county. The Sheriff was respectably connected and said to be a relative of the then Governor of Kentucky, Isaac Shelby. Robert Trimble made his escape, although a reward of $500 was offered for his arrest by the Governor. William Trimble was arrested and tried as an accessory, found guilty and sent to the penitentiary. It was said that Robert went to Texas and, 12 Autobiography of Allen Trimble. under a different name, fought against the American Govern­ ment and against the British under General Jackson. Immediately after the war of the Revolution, my father visited Kentucky to locate the land warrants which he had obtained for his services during the wars with the Indians and British, and on his return to Virginia, he described the country he had seen to my mother and they determined to-remove as soon as arrange­ ments could be made for the purpose. A number of families in Augusta County, from the representations they had heard of Kentucky, concluded to make it their home. William Ander­ son, an uncle, and'William Allen, a brother of my mother, also Robert Trimble and a distant relative by the name of Joseph Colvin, with several others, agreed to write and unite and form an emigrating company. In the autumn of 1784, (October, I think, was the exact month), they commenced the long journey. Notice had been given of the time of starting and also the place of rendezvous, and when they arrived at Beans Station and Hol- ston river, the frontier fort and place of meeting, near five hun­ dred persons, men, women and children, were assembled. Colonel Knox, of Revolutionary memory and fame, was of the number and chosen by acclamation to take command. After a day's rest and preparation for entering the Wilderness, Clinch Mountain was in view and first to cross by a serpentine trail around craggy peaks, and through narrow defiles where ten In­ dians could defeat one "hundred men. The Colonel appointed a guard of ten men to go in advance and patrol the mountain on both sides of the trail, and when they arrived at Clinch river, which swept the western base of the mountain, if no signs of In­ dians appeared, to cross the river and take a hasty view of the valley in the west shore, and be prepared to act as circumstances required, while the main body would cross the river. My father was of this guard. A rear guard was also selected. Colonel Knox headed the line, and when near the top of the mountain, several miles from its eastern base, a messenger overtook him, With the information that the pack horses of a certain family were unable to climb the mountain and without assistance would be left and probably massacred by the Indians, who had been discovered on a spur of the mountain, watching the movements of the emigrants. Colonel Knox turned to my mother, who was with the front guard of the train, and she was exactly in front and very near Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 1$ to him, and requested her to march on to the river, where she would meet the front guard and he would return and bring the distressed family. When my mother reached the river, the front guard had crossed and were posted on the opposite bank. The ford was a difficult one, running up near the shore, which was rock bound 150 yards,. and then forming the segment of a circle, reaching the western bank some distance, say 50 yards higher than the entrance" on the east shore^ It was called a 'horse-shoe" ford. Mother was not aware of its character. The bottom from the foot of the mountain to the ford was narrowband the emigrants in the rear were crowding upon those in front, and the pack-horses rushing in towards the front. Mother's horse became restless and started for the opposite bank and proceeded only a short distance before she was aware that he was far gone into the dan­ gerous quick-sand. She found it impossible to turn her spirited horse, and with a presence of mind, which she bad beyond most mortals and which never forsook her, she gave this splendid horse the rein, caught her little son, not three years old, who rode be­ hind her, when her husband was on duty, as he then was, she brought him to her lap, (the little boy), where I, a feeble infant, eleven months old, was reposing; grasping both of us with her left arm, and her horse's mane with her right hand, and thus adjusted for the fearful adventure, amid loud exclaims of'' She's lost!". ' Turn back!" " Oh! Save her!" With a firm reliance upon Divine Providence and her noble horse, she stemmed the billows of the rugged Clinch River and arrived safely with her precious charge on the opposite bank, amid palpitating hearts. My father, supposing it impossible for any horse to bear himself and rider, over such a boisterous mass of water for three hundred. yards, stood upon the other bank, prepared for any emergency The wife of William Irvin was next to my mother when she entered the riveran d followed her until she saw her getting into such deep, dangerous water, when she wheeled her horse sudden­ ly, which threw him, the horse, into deep water that floated from under her. She had two little negrcchildren which she carried in a wallet across her saddle. But for the large bag, which in­ closed the little darkies (all but their heads), they would have been drowned. But Mr. Wilson, who was an admirable swimmer, watched the opportunity of recovering the bag and its dark con­ tents, and as it passed a bend in the river,, he caught it and 14 Autobiography of Allen Trimble,

brought the little, fellows safely to the shore. Mrs. Irwin and her horse were saved and the little army, soon as they saw my mother safe and understood the ford, proceeded and crossed the river without any loss. Then Colonel. Knox soon followed with the rear guard, bringing with them the family that had been left on the east side of the mountain. When he had learned what had happened to my mother in consequence of not being in­ formed of the character of the ford, he expressed to her his deep regret that she had been exposed to such fearful danger, but re­ joiced that she had proved herself equal to the emergency and had with her precious charge been so miraculously preserved. He. said he had not, during his whole life, known of such an ex­ hibition of female presence of mind, courage and skill as she had shown and demonstrated on this most wonderful and dangerous occasion, and he added: "That when the noble horse struck fhe opposite river bank, there was a dead silence at first, that had followed the lamentations of the women when she had started, and then this silence was followed by a shout of joy from both sides of the Clinch River, that drowned, for a moment, the dash­ ing, turbulent waters of that dark stream, and sent its echo far up the gorges of the old mountain and down the valley of the river, She's saved! She's saved!' " By this time the day was far spent and it was"determined to encamp for the night on the west side of the river, just below the ford, and Colonel Knox and his associates, for he had a large number of experienced and brave men to rely upon, laid out the encampment in expectation of an attack from the Indians; for v Indians had been seen all during the crossing of the mountain by spies the entire day, watching carefully, as an Indian only can do, the movements of the emigrant train. The river protected one line of the camp, then the horses were all tied in the centre, and the pack saddles were strewed within the upper line from the river bank, back, and also protected by a strong guard. The lower and back lines by the balance of the men. Then the women who were armed, as most of them were with pistols, took positions with their husbands. The balance of the women and children were placed in a position near the river, supposed to be the safest. Arid thus arranged, watch was kept up during the night by sentinels closely posted on the lines soon after dark (and it was a dismal night and with rain). The Indians were heard in the adjoining woods, howling like wolves Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 15

and "Hoo! Hoo!-ing" like owls, until midnight, after which an attack was expected. But it was supposed the fires that had been kindled and kept burning some distance outside the three exposed lines, saved them; for Indians seldom expose themselves to the first fireo f their foes, as they would have done by placing themselves between the fires and the sentinels—especially, where, as in this case, all were sentinels. The next morning, after allowing their horses an hour or two, both to graze and drink, and wringing the water out of their wet clothes, having been exposed to a severe rain during the night, and taking their breakfast, the line of march was resumed. The weather continued cloudy, with occasional showers. In addition to music during the night by owls and wolves, fresh moccasin tracks discovered in the morning gave unmistakable evidence of Indians being on the lookout for an opportunity to obtain scalps or horses, or both. As it was expected that the'' Defeated Camp ", as it was called, would be passed on this day's march, great caution was observed, and the dreadful massacre that gave its name to this camp im­ pressed the minds of all with fearful forebodings. And when they arrived at the spot and saw the bodies of some fifteeno f their countrymen strewed upon the ground, some hawked and scalped, some stripped naked, and their bodies torn by wild beasts and vultures, exhibiting little of the human frame but bone and sinew, the feeling of fear departed and the feelings of humanity, as by one impulse, banished every other thought, and the men stacked their arms and gathered the fragments of their slaughtered brethern and gave them such burial as in their power, sufficient to protect them from the wolf, the panther, the bear and the vulture. The performance of this sacred duty oc­ casioned such delay as'to make it necessary to encamp for the night at,or near this 'bloody ground", and during this night, the real wolf, panther, bear and bird of ill omen, not willing to be deprived of the bones they had stripped, were more daring than the savage murderers themselves; for they not only ap­ proached the encampment, but even entered the lines themselves of an enemy greatly their superior in number and prowess. They even attempted to dive under the frail tents and very few eyes were closed for the night, only the aged and the little children. A large bear was shot dead whilst furiously and fearlessly en­ tering the encampment and would have furnished a delicious 16 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

morsel for breakfast but for the fact that no one could think of eating the flesh af an animal that had been fattening upon the flesh and blood of human beings, so his skin was only taken, leaving the flesh for animals that would relish it. The unfortunate men who perished at this fatal encampment had met at Beans Station, expecting to meet a large force, but, being disappointed, had determined to take to the Wilderness and thus risk the danger with the small number they had. Being single horsemen, and unencumbered, they reached this, to them, fatal spot, the firstday . The Indians from their point of lookout on Clinch mountain, discovered them as they passed, then followed, and in the night attacked, scalped and butchered the whole party, as before stated. Our emigrants made an early start from this gloomy spot, and made a forced march in order to reach a favorable camping ground which they accomplished. The Indians, having ascer­ tained the strength of the party, the caution observed on the march and the skillful arrangements for their defence at night, abandoned the plan they at firstcontemplated , 'namely, of at­ tacking the main body. They left some ten of Jthis party to follow in the rear, pick off stragglers and steal horses as circum­ stances might favor their plans, while the balance of them ad­ vanced, some seventy or eighty, with some prisoners they had recently taken from the back settlements on Hblstein stream, from their towns north-west of the Ohio River. (There facts were obtained from.the prisoners, after their return from cap­ tivity.) Not aware of these plans of the Indians, Colonel Knox con­ tinued to observe, both or\ the march and in the camp, the usual vigilance and extreme caution, but nothing occurred of an un­ common or unusual character, until they reached the waters of the Cumberland River, except the unfavorable weather and the prevalence of. measles among the., little „ children. When they reached.the Cave region on the Cumberland, the horses were trusted in the Cane-brake, outside of the lines of the encamp­ ment, but, generally with bells fastened to their necks and their fore-feet or fore and hind foot tied near together. Several un­ successful attempts had; been made by the Indians to steal horses, but on one occasion they succeeded in getting some three or four separated from the main body, loosed the fastenings from their legs, stopped the bells and bore off the animals; and dur- boa

K3|

>, 3 •°d5

•S *>a £ . o 5J- , 3soog.?J

Wi8r*ia-5C

S^'cS'CS-g o 5 S &TO E-

a, <

Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 17

' ing theJiatteroart of the previous day, one of my father's pack horses, loaded with two pine boxes, packed with axes, drawing chains, iron wedges, etc., weighing about 200 pounds, were crowded off the road at a turn of a point of the Cumberland Mountain, and thrown ever a precipice of fearful height, and tearing in its descent the limbs of pine trees, not tall enough to reach the point from which the animal fell. When out of sight, and the noise subsided, it was concluded by the man who had charge of the pack-horses, that the animal must surely be killed, and to reach the whereabouts of the two boxes would be quite impracticable, if not wholly impossible, and he neglected to re­ port the occurrence to my father, until they had travelled sev­ eral miles when informed. The determination was at once made, to return and search for the poor animal and the burden she bore in the two pine boxes. So taking two men with him, they reached the place where the fearful leap was made, descended the mountain and to their surprise found the animal quietly browsing at the base of the precipice, from which she had fallen. And the boxes had been securely fastened to a strong pack-saddle, firmly strapped to the animal and had eivdently, from the marks of broken limbs that had yielded to the force of the boxes, been a means of sup­ porting the whole from being dashed to pieces, although the fine animal was saved and the hair in several places taken or rubbed off, strange to relate, the injuries were slight. But the difficult question now was, how were they to reach the trail?' For to ascend the mountain was wholly impossible. Night was also approach- .ing. They did what is called, "struck up a camp," unloaded and fastened the animal to a tree until morning, when they re­ placed the pack, and wended their way through thick cane- brakes to a small stream that wound around the base of the mountain, in the direction they wished to go, having had nothing to eat from the previous day. They halted to rest themselves and their animal, for it be­ gan to feel the effects of its perilous fall. Then a noise to their right attracted their attention and in a few minutes a party of their own men, with the stolen horses, which they had just re­ covered from the Indians, made their appearance. The surprise was mutual and joyful to each alike, but it was soon explained. The trails made by the Indians with stolen horses was soon discovered and pursued so rapidly that the original large party 18 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

was overtaken, and not being able to force their horses through the thick cane-brakes, the Indians had dismounted and fled, leaving the horses with the Buffalo-tug bridles behind them, which were easily secured by their rightfulowners . Then the two parties proceeded by a forced march to join the main body that had awaited their return. Although late in the day it was thought advisable by their leader, Colonel Knox, to proceed to a more eligible position, some three miles in advance, where they had encamped for the night, and an order was forthwith issued: 'That if undisturbed by the enemy, breakfast should be taken and the march commenced by sun-rise, in order to make up for the loss of distance the previous day." Nothing occurring to prevent it, the order was obeyed to the letter and a very success­ ful march was made, crossing the Cumberland River and passing through the celebrated 'cane-brake," that had been the dread of emigrants, from the time it was first penetrated by Daniel Boone, in 1774. The progress of the party was not further interrupted or mo­ lested by the Indians, arid, having met and overcome the diffi­ culties so common to emigrants of that perilous period, they ar­ rived at Crab Orchard, on the 20th day from Beans Station, with­ out the loss of an individual, man, woman or even a child, or a horse. Here they encamped together for the first time and also for the last time, each family the next day taking the chosen route to their favorite locality, both north and south of the Ken­ tucky river. Then Colonel Knox walked round the entire encampment and took an affectionate leave of men, women and children, compli­ menting them for their fortitude and good conduct, passing upon my mother a very high compliment, as being the heroine of the band, and then receiving in turn from each and all, a hearty ' God bless you, Colonel Knox." Our family, Wm. Anderson's, Wm. Allen's, William Irwin's, and several others took the route to Boonsboro, and Lexington and settled in what was then Fayette County, now called Wood­ ford, and Independence County; and my father, as before men­ tioned, had purchased this land from William Allen. It was a heavily timbered tract of land, with much under­ growth of cane, tall and thick as hemp, in a well cultivated field. And the firstnecessit y was a tent to shelter the little family and also their baggage. This was soon constructed. The next was Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 19 provisions for the family. The horses, ten in number, were doing well on the cane. Flour and corn meal were not to be had, under any considerations, but at Craigs Station, there was corn, but no mill to grind it. Hominy, manufactured in a block by a pestle, with an iron wedge inserted in one end, made an excellent substi­ tute for corn bread and this, with bear meat, venison and wild turkey and also Buffalo steak, of which father furnished a good living, and a rich supply, made in those days (with a cup of coffee on Sundays), what they termed good living. But the "Hominy block," though never abandoned, was soon relieved from daily pounding by its universal associate in Pioneer life, the "Hand Made Mill." My father, though not a professed mechanic, was one practi­ cally, for he constructed his own plows and other farming uten­ sils, and in addition totool s for operating upon wood, had brought with him from Virginia a stone hammer etc., for working and operating upon stone. He had seen hand mills in operation and very soon constructed one which manufactured corn meal to perfection, as my mother afterwards assured me, equal in quality to the celebrated Raccoon Burr stone. Two men upon the mill would grind a peck of corn in half an hour. A more comfortable home was erected and then all hands pitched into the cane with mattock and grubbing hoes to clear a field for corn. The forest trees Were left standing and girded, except only the sugar or maple trees and they were scorched by burning cane piled around them, this being the only method of destroying their vitality the first year. So by the first of the next May, twenty acres were thus prepared for planting corn. The next difficult part of the preparation was breaking the sod, or plowing, through the tough cane roots; this required a strong team of horses and also a very powerful plow and a skilful plowman, each and all of which were at the command of my father. And my mother said that many persons and neighbors, not having these last two requisites, were under the necessity of digging holes in the ground with hoes and thus planting the corn, without plowing the ground, either before or after planting, but she said the pioneer was richly rewarded for his labor by a good crop in the virgin soil. The answer of General Charles Scott (afterwards Governor of Kentucky), to the inquiry of some of his Virginia friends at Rich­ mond, when on a visit to that city some four years after his re- 20 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

moval to Kentucky.: 'How much corn the Kentuckians could raise upon one acre," astonished them. "General," said he, 'If the land is well cleared and properly prepared, planted in good time aiid well cultivated, 150 bushels to the acre is the usual yield; but even when planted and not worked, 75 to 80 bushels; but when not planted at all, But just scattered on the ground, from 40 to 50 bushels was often gathered." "But," said the General, in reply, "I see from your countenance that you doubt the truth of my most serious statement. Why my dear General, , what would you think if I Were to tell you that passing through my cornfield I saw a single stalk in a hill of uncommon vigor, stuck my staff beside it, intending to return the next day and see how it would grow in twenty-four hours, but I forgot to return as I intended and did not again see the remarkable stock of corn. But when the hands were gathering the corn, one of the negro men came to me and said: 'I found your staff, Master.' 'Well, Tom,' I said, 'did you observe the stalk of corn by which it stood, and how many ears of corn were on it?' 'O, Master, dat stalk got four large ears on it, and there was nubbins on the staff.' " The company now burst forth in a roar of laughter. "True, General, every word true. Tom took me ro the stalk, on the identical spot, and there stood the prolific stalk, with four perfect ears of corn, over a foot long each, and a nubbin, as Tom called it, reposing upon the head of my staff and three on each side of it." This explanation being satisfactory, one of the gentlemen ; said: "Well, General, now for an explanation of gathering corn where none was planted." And it was thus given: ' The second year after I settled on the Kentucky river, dur­ ing a severe snow storm, I'directed the negroes to feed the cattle some corn, and after the cattle were turned off, in the spring from their droppings, corn came up thick over a lot of an acre. Then I made the negroes thin it, but still it grew rapidly and produced at least forty bushels of good, sound corn." This explanation was very satisfactory to the gentlemen present. In those days it did not require a large corp of corn to sup­ port a family and but little was required for stock; work horses, only, required to be fed on grain. The range, for other animals, was rich and abundant. This left a large portion of the corn crop for sale; and the only demand for this surplus was created by the emigrants, and they multiplied so rapidly, and so soon be- Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 21 came self-suppoftmg ana sen-suppiymg, ana even venders, them­ selves, that really, corn soon became a drug on the market, for at that time we had no ready means, as now, for shipping thous­ ands of Carloads to the east and European markets., So in order to use the great surplus of fine coin, distilling was resorted to, as a means of converting the surplus grain, corn, rye and barley into Kentucky Whiskey. And indeed, in every neighborhood, and at almost every large farm, might be found a Small distillery. At this period, about 1794, whiskey found a market at New Orleans. The firstNe w Orleans boat from our section of the state was built at General Scott's landing, which was on the Kentucky river, by Elijah Craig, a neighbor of ours; the plank for which was cut at my father's saw-mill, ten miles from the boat yard. The firstcarg o was made up of flour, whiskey and Irish potqtoes; Father sent the next year, by John and James McAfee, two brothers, one hundred barrels of flour to be sold on commission, and received good returns in money. The two McAfee's continued this trade for several years, annually pur­ chasing the surplus products in that region. J\ The McAfees were among the firstsettler s of this part of.Ken­ tucky. From my earliest recollection to, say, the year 1798, but few occurrences took place out of the common range of pio­ neer life. The most distressing was the death of an older brother, my dear mother's'first born and"most dearly loved. We were in the garden with father and mother, whilst they were looking at the vegetables and flowers,w e two were at play, running around the squares upon the walks. I was behind, not being able to keep up and he, running at his ease, turned his head to see how near I was. As he resumed his former movement, he came in contact with mother, who was crossing the walk before him. He carried a stick in his mouth which was very sharp at one end. The other, which was blunt, struck against mother's arm, as she stooped to examine a flower. The sad result was a wound in the throat which caused his death. It was a severe and deeply afflicting event, but bore most heavily upon the mother, for she had named him for his father's brother, John Allen, who fell at Grant's Depot, as before mentioned. To preserve the name of this gallant relative, she called the seventh son John Allen Trimble. I was also named for her uncle, Hugh Allen Trimble, who fell at'the battle before mentioned, at the moiith of the Kanawha in the year 1774. But as I was from 22 Autobiography of Allen Trimble. infancy called Allen, and only known by that name when I en­ tered into business, I commenced and have, continued so to write my name, leaving out the Hugh. The 4deer, bear and turkey were ..abundant in the region in Which we settled, and required but little effort of such a hunter as my father was, in his rambles through the neighboring woods, searching for and salting his stock, to take a buck or gobbler, and sometimes a bear home with him. In one of these excursions he encountered a bear under rather singular circumstances. At the crossing of a small stream his dogs (two noble curs) looked up the branch, and, after smelling and scenting, seemed anxious to take a run, and they were encouraged to do so and made a dash at half speed. Father rode on across the strearrr, on a path through the thick cane, some 200 or 300 yards, when' he heard his dogs barking, apparently in his rear. So he turned his,horse to meet them and had, proceeded but a short distance when a «tremendous bear came running to meet him, and the path was so narrow, hemmed in with cane on either side, neither he or the bear could turn with safety, and both determined to abide the result of a meeting. My father determined, when sufficiently near, to make his horse leap over the stream aqd take a position with his dogs, some short distance in the rear; but Bruin was determined to arrest both horse and rider. As the horse raised to make his leap, the bear raised on his hind legs, gripped the horse by the nose and threw his hairy arms around his neck, and held him as if he had been in a vise. And there, like the Lion and the Unicorn (in our old Primers) they stood, the rider holding his horses' mane with the left hand and his trusty rifle in his right, but without being able to use it. At this critical moment, the faithful dogs came to the relief of their master. And here was a fine field for the display of their great courage and skill, and they exhibited' both in a moment, as you will see. One took his position a few steps in the rear, whilst the other pitched savagely at the bear, snapping at his stern so as to avoid coming into too close contact Or quarters. Finding his rear attacked so furiously, the bear released the fine horse to wheel upon the dogs. That moment the horse made a desperate bound forward, cleared the bear, broke the girth of the saddle and left it with the rider, bear and dogs all in a great muss! The bear seemed to fear the dogs more than the rifle,o r he felt like having his revenge of the two vicious dogs on account of the severe wound he had/received in Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 23

his stern. He therefore pursued the dogs for a short distance and, finding that they would not stand and fight,h e turned to face the rifle, but this was a fatal step for my father was an un­ erring shot with the old long rifle;fo r a ball was sent by his un­ erring aim to his brain and there on the identical spot where she had held the horse in durance vile, she met her fate. It was an old she bear and had two little cubs in a hollow tree, at a short distance from where she was shot. So the next day there was a Bear Hunt, and several neighbors collected with their dogs and repaired to the battle ground of the previous day. The two pretty little cubs were soon found and captured alive, and the old he bear, Was, after a long chase and severe fight,killed . We kept the cubs until they were one year old when they became dangerous and Were killed. About this time my mother had an adventure where her cour­ age and skill in the management of her horse was put to a severe trial. She was summoned to the sick bed of a neighbor who was said to be dying (Mrs. Warnick). She hastened to obey the call, and continued with her sick friend during the entire day. In the evening Mrs. Warnick was much better and considered out of danger and mother concluded to return home. Mr. Warnick insisted on seeing her safely home, but she advised otherwise, and started alone. She had proceeded about a mile when, hear­ ing a noise, she looked back and saw a wOlf of tremendous size pursuing her at a rapid loap. She saw in a. moment from the fierce look of the ravenous animal that her only safety Was in the speed of her noble horse. This was the same noble animal that she had ridden from Virginia. Now, she had barely time to tuck up her riding skirt and'give her horse an intimation of her wishes when the fierce wolf was at his heels. The road here was narrow, merely a bridle path, hemmed in on either side with the cane- brake. She soon discovered the object of her pursuer was to un­ horse her, for several attempts were made to reach the near side of her horse, but the character of, the road did not favor his object, so he attempted to leap upon the horses' rump. The horse was now at full speed and the'wolf evidently had the heels of him, and now perceiving this fact, the danger seemed eminent. But it was soon discovered that when the wolf set himself to make a spring the magnificent horse gained and the wolf lost, which rendered his leap, or what they call spring, fruitless. And thus they ran for two good miles. Then the last half mile of the 24 Autobiography of Allen Trimble. road widened and the vicious wolf was able to gain the near side of the horse and even made several attempts to reach the rider but succeeded only in reaching her ridingskirt , which was very badly torn by his sharp teeth. Such was the determined purpose of the hungry animal that he continued the pursuit until the dogs from the homestead, hearing the Choop and call of their mistress, came to her relief. And also father, as soon as he heard mother's "Whoopl Hoo! Hoo!" ran rapidly, gun in hand, supposing she was chased by the Indians (as the week before, two of General Scott's sons had been killed and scalped on their own farm, and that was only ten miles from us). It,was now dark and the pursuit of the wolf had to be abandoned. Mother rode up to the cabin door, where the entire little farii- ily, both white and black, was assembled, crying", "Mother! Oh, mistress! Oh! Do tell us what was the matter?" The noble ani­ mal still panting and also wet' with sweat, assured them that something very serious had happened. And if additional evi­ dence had been wanting, her riding skirt, tornt o ribbons,woul d have furnished that evidence. Then she dismounted, bade the servant boy to take good care of her fine horse, who had saved her lifet took a seat and very de­ liberately gave us a history of the race, and her miraculous escape. She supposed, that having handled Assafcetida in the sickroom at Mr. Warnick's, some of it had adhered to her clothing and was the cause of the wolf pursuing her so fiecrelyan d scenting her so far off. The wolf was the last of the wild animals to retreat from civili­ zation and the buffalo the first. The meat and hides of those wild cattle were so important to the early emigrants to Kentucky that a buffalo hunt in the autumn, to obtain meat for family use dur­ ing winter and the hides to be tanned for shoes, was usually pro­ vided for. If a man was not a hunter himself he joined a neigh­ bor who was and acted as butcher and pack-horse master. My recollection of one of those hunts (I think it, now was the last one my father ever engaged in, and I was quite a small boy—and it was in the year, about 1791 to 1793) was so deeply impressed upon my mind, though but a mere boy, that I have not forgotten it, even to this date of extreme old age. Two of our neighbors, by name William Jewett and Michael Warnick (before mentioned), arranged with father to take a gen* (oi., WILLIAM A. TIIIMIH.K. U. S. Sruutor.

Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 25

uine Buffalo hunt. Warnick understood how to use a gunr-bm was not an experienced hunter; JeWett was a raw Irishman, that could use a'' Shelala" to far better advantage than a rifle. The hunting region was on the waters of the Licking river, above and below the Blue Lick Springs (called and known as a great buffalo retreat), for they went there with many other ani- mails to lick the big deposit of fresh salt. The hunting ground was bounded on the other side by the'' Big Bone Lick," and the region above to the mouth of Licking river,an d below to the mouth of the Kentucky river. The party met at our, cabin with six pack horses, with all the accoutrements for the hunt (pack saddles, halters and hobbles), with my father's saddle horse and a full complement of good dogs and three men armed to the teeth—rifle, butcher-knife and toma­ hawk, and all this constituted the fixtures and caravan. Thus equipped with provisions (both bread and salt) for a two wee'ks' hunt, they left for'' Misbone " or " Brisbone." At that time the Indians made frequent incursions upon the frontier settlements, and left their tracks stained with the blood of their victims; and the locality and the entire country, from the mouth of the Licking river to the mouth of the Kentucky river, was the last hunting ground south of the Ohio river that was aban­ doned by the Miami Indians and not until they were defeated by General Wayne, in 1794, did they surrender it to the white man. A short time before my father started on this hunt, a small party of Miami Indians had penetrated into the heari' of Ken­ tucky, made several prisoners and killed, among others, hot recol­ lected, two sons of General Charles Scott, as we have before mentioned, in Woodford County, six miles from Versailles, which was the County Town, or Seat. These two young men were crossing the Kentucky river in an Indian canoe in plain view of their own dwelling. But the treach­ erous reds were concealed in the cane-brake on the opposite river bank* very near to the landing, and as the little canoe neared the bank or shore, the red '"devils" firedan d killed the two brothers, the only sons of their fond and devoted father. Now General Scott was a Revolutionary officer and in 1812 he was also Governor of the State. He immediately raised a party and attempted to pursue the Indians but they succeeded in crossing the Ohio before the pursuers reached the southern shore. But some months after this, the General raised a sufficient militia 26 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

force to march to the Miami towns and destroy the crops, killing several Indians and burning their towns. But to return to our Buffalo hunt. After the return of the party who pursued the Indians to the Ohio river as before men­ tioned, my father concluded it would be a favorable time to make a faul (Autumn) hunt; calculating that the hot pursuit of the party that killed the Scott boys-and others would alarm other parties of Indians that might be on the south side of the Ohio river above the mouth of the Kentucky'river and cause them to return to their towns. But few of his neighbors concurred with him in this opinion, yet in the end it turned out to be the correct opinion and the party returned after making a very successful buffalo hunt and without the loss of even a dog. Another "Coupe" in an adjoining neighborhood (encouraged by the " Trimble/ Party ") immediately set out for " Brisbone." But they found the'Indians Where they expected to shoot buf­ faloes and returned with the loss of one of their party, made a prisoner, and another wounded by the Indians. On the return of my father and his party with their rich supply of Buffalo meat and also bear roasts and rounds, it was discov­ ered that there was a lack of salt to (salt) prepare it. This es­ sential article was then manufactured at "Mano and Bullet's Lick," some 15 to 20 miles south-eaist of the city of Louisville, Kentucky, but still more distant from our home settlement, about 75 miles, and the greater part of the w^ty was a wilderness, through which, and across the trail or road from the central part of Kentucky to those Licks, the Indians of the south passed in their visits to the northern tribes, and vice versa, those of the north visited the south, and several persons had been killed by those visiting warriors. But salt must be had or their provisions would be lost. Father and Garrett prepared half-a-day sacks of corn nieal and flour— what is called six days provisions, and started for the salt works. Garrett was accompanied by his brother, a young Irishman, and father intended taking one of his black men, but when ready to start, "Caesar" was missing. On inquiry it was ascertained from his wife that he was afraid of being killed or taken by the Indians and had gone off and hidden himself. In the dilemma father, having heard me say:'' I wish I could go," told me to get my mother's consent and he would take me. Autobiography of Allen Trimble 27

This was Obtained (with some difficulty), arid in a few minutes I was mounted on a'sack of meal, securely fixed on a pack-saddle, Upon old Roan and upon the march with,the rest of the men. It was a very proud day for me and to me. I was only in my tenth year and really quite small for my age. Mother consented to the arrangement with great reluctance, hav­ ing lost her eldest son by an accident, which I have heretofore described. She had great fears that in case the party should be attacked, either by the Indians or some other trouble spring up in the long march, that I would certainly be killed or captured; but as it seemed to be a case of necessity she would submit and commit me to the protection of an overruling providence, etc. The first night we encamped on Salt river and the next day passed through the dangerous part of the road, then encamped in the wild woods again. The howling of wolves and the sharp scream of the panther was the only annoyance we met with. I was very tired and slept, oh, so soundly each night. And good Providence seemed to watch over me for I was refreshed by the nights' repose; but when mounted, I found my meal-bag a hard seat, but I made no complaint as I had decided to be very brave. We reached the salt furnaces about 12 o'clock and found that meal and flour were in great demand. So our sacks were soon emptied and filled with salt. After a short rest of an hour or two we left the salt licks and reached our encampment of the pre­ vious night. But I found the salt sacks a much harder and mOre uncom­ fortable saddle that the meal bag, for the salt was not sufficiently drained and the bitter water was soon dripping from each sack. But my father had taken the precaution (knowing the corroding character of this liquid) to put his paddle blankets on the sack upon which I sat; but still my legs were not protected sufficiently, and rubbing against the sack and the bitter water oozirig through the salt bag, and I soon felt the effect but bore it without saying a word to my father; so I bore it, I say, until we reached our for­ mer campting ground. As soon as we dismounted, I showed my father my legs, for they were highly inflamed and quite pain­ ful with a burning as if in a fire. An application of spirits was made immediately, which was only like adding to fuel to the fire, and indeed, I was almost frantic with pain, and the firstan d only Telief was from rubbing with a fat piece of bear meat. That night I slept not at all. 28 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

The next day father put me upon his riding horse. My legs were highly inflamed and sore, but less painful than they had been during the night. But as the pain became less violent I be­ came drowsy and really would have fallen asleep on my horse, but for the fear I had of the Indians attacking us, for father being. afoot, discovered moccasin tracks in our road or trail. So he di­ rected Garrett to travel slowly and he would follow the tracks, while they pursued the road we were travelling. And if he dis­ covered Indians he would fireo r not as he thought best and then fall back, and, as each of them had rifles, they should tie their horses and defend themselves to the last extremity; directing me in the case of a fight with the Indians, not to be alarmed but to ' stick to my horse, as the Indians would not be inclined or likely to kill or capture me, until the fight was over. Then the horse if I would stick to him and guide him properly, would bear me off in safety. But Mr. Barrett, the older, protested against father leaving us, for he said if he should be killed, as he probably would, as there was at least three Indians in the same company, as their moccasin tracks indicated, they then would fall upon and kill, or capture, the balance of the party. Father told him that if they ,had been discovered by the In­ dians, those left would be in more danger than he would be in advance; for if he should be fired upon it would be a signal to those in the rear to relieve their horses of their packs, then mount them and make their escape. The Indians would therefore be likely to prefer two scalps, and a prisoner and five horses, to one scalp, and that one dependent upon their making a sure shot at him. Garrett was then more than before opposed to his going in advance; but father told him he would not venture so far but that he could fall back to support him, if need be; and priming his trusty riflea-fresh , pushed forward at a quick step. We fol­ lowed very slowly. Mr. Garrett, though an early settler in Ken­ tucky, and also a brave man, had not had an opprotunity of studying the Indian character, whilst few men of that day had. been more severely schooled in the science of Indian strategy than my father. And from the time he returned from'his Indian cap­ tivity to the close of the American Revolution and also of the Indian wars in the North-west, he was a close observer of Indian events, in many of which he was intimately connected. And he formed his opinions that seldom led him i.ito errors, in relation to either the motives or the actions of the Indians. Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 29

Nor was he mistaken in his conclusions in this particular in­ stance. Knowing that the trail usually travelled by the Indians from north to south was but a few miles in advance of the first appearance of the moccasin tracks, he concluded that the party were travellers who had left their trail to reconnoiter a few miles of the Salt Lick road, as it was called, in hopes to meet a small party of packers and take a few scalps and horses; but not dis­ posed to delay their journey or run much risk in order to obtain a scalp or two, or a horse or two. So the tracks of the moccasins were followed to the trail re­ ferred to, when they turned square off to the north. Then they were followed for another half mile, no doubt remembering that they were ignorant of being near a train of settlers, or salt packers. So father soon joined us once more and we began to make a rapid march to our first encampment on Salt river in what was called McAfee's Settlement, a region that the Indians seldom approached without being severely chastised. Although we felt that we were out of danger, I was so much excited with the long day's march and the suffering condition, I could not sleep at all that night. We reached home the next day, being fiveday s out on the trip, and I was completely cured of any future desire to be a salt-packer, any how for the present. But still I accompanied a larger party much further south, in about six months later, when we went with wagons and pack horses to within 100 miles of New Orleans and brought home a larger amount of salt and of a superior quality. To prove that my father's conclusions with regard to the pur­ poses of those Indians, whose tracks we had seen, some weeks afterwards Mr. Robert Ford, a citizen of Lexington, Kentucky, returning from Anderson's office (where he had.been making entries of lands), upon the road, we had travelled and near the Indian trails referred to, was sltot and mortally Wounded by a small party of Southern Indians, returning from the north-west of the Ohio, where they had been on a mission from their tribe in the south, and they were pursued and their character ascer­ tained, as was also the fact that it was the same party whose tracks had, in our salt expedition, given us so much uneasiness. Mr. Todd was among the firstsettler s of Lexington; a bold, enterprising man, and also greatly respected. His untimely death made such an impression upon the public mind that all the militia bordering on the region south of Kentucky river 30 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

through which the Indian trail referred to passed, organized com­ panies for the purpose of breaking up this line of Indian travel. Now, we are glad to say, this plan succeeded and the cautious natives adapted the more circuitous route through Missouri, Illi­ nois and Indiana. As the fear of the Indian visitation subsided, the log cabin, with its strong fixtures of slab doors, with strong bars and bolts, port holes, etc., gave place to the heavy log house, stone and brick, according to the taste of the owner, and also according to his ability to afford such luxuries, as they were called in those _, pioneer days. Now as I have said before, my father had erected a saw mill and prepared lumber for a frame dwelling, and it was the first of its kind erected in the neighborhood. And raising the frame (two stories high, 32 x 18 feet) was at that time considered a serious undertaking. The carpenter, John Porter, was an Irishman, and allowed to manage the undertaking and enterprise alone. I do not now re­ member the number of 'hands but, for that day, they were quite numerous, and they were called from distant neighborhoods with forks and ropes in abundance, for great caution was ob­ served to prevent any accidents, and I am glad to asy, none occurred. The parties of workmen were all sober, for there was nothing to make them otherwise. The frame was raised, without a single accident, nor was anyone hurt in the least. But the joists did not fitwell , and it was a rickety looking concern, and contrasted unfavorably with the substantial log ca"bin in which we still lived. It was therefore propped on all sides with forks and poles to pro­ tect it against the wind, by the undertaker, as we called him, John, Porter. After viewing all the supports, he remarked: "That he believed he would adopt the plan of his countrymen who found his cow in a bog, and not being able to get her out, and fearing she might not be found, when he would return with help to extricate her, fastened a tether to her horns and to an adjoin­ ing tree, to make the matter sure. So he would with the buffalo tugs and ropes, fasten his frame to a sugar tree (which had been left for shade) near the north-west corner of the frame, and then he thought it would be safe." This expedient, though not abso­ lutely necessary, contributed to keep a tottering frame from ca- ' reening. Placed on a strong foundation of limestone, strongly Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 31

weatherboarded and supported by two substantial brick chim­ neys, it proved, in the end, to be a safe dwelling. Having erected a more commodious dwelling, the enlargement of the farm seemed to be the next necessity. The disappearance of the cane, as the country became more thickly settled, suggested to the farmers, who had very much stock, the necessity of mak­ ing tame pasture, and growing more corn, to meet those approach­ ing necessities. Now my father concluded to increase his labourers, and as slaves at that time were very high in Kentucky, and white la­ bourers scarce, he prepared himself and set out for Virginia for the purpose of purchasing a few negroes. But on his way, he lost his money, but, collecting funds due to him in Virginia, he proceeded to the low countries and made purchases of several slaves. Whilst travelling through the country in search of such as he desired to purchase, he saw slavery as he had never seen it before,

especially as to the effect the system was producing upon societyt and the subject so impressed his mind, that iri weighing the re­ sults of the system upon the moral, intellectual and political in­ terest of the country, the conclusion was that slavery was a great evil, he was lead to believe. He, however, brought those he pur­ chased to his home in Kentucky, but soon after his return to his family, he communicated to my mother some of the incidents which he had witnessed, also giving some thrilling accounts of the immorality of the masters and cruelties of overseers, and the effect the system of slavery was, producing upon the risinggener ­ ation, who were being thus brought up in idleness and acquiring habits that would unfit them for usefulness, both to themselves or their country; and he said, after much reflection upon the subject, that he had come to the conclusion that it would be their duty, as it would also be to their interests, to free themselves from slavery, just as soon as they could do so, thus consistently with their own and the interests of the slaves, themselves. It was a new subject, and mother was slow, in this one instance, to fall in with my father's views. But, seeing he was so thor­ oughly convinced of the correctness of his views, and knowing him to be a man of firmnesso f purpose, she yielded to what she regarded as a necessity. It was therefore concluded that the slaves should be set free, after five years of service. They were accordingly mustered and 32 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

informed it they would serve their master and mistress faith­ fully five years, they should be set free, and this promise was made in 1798 and fulfilled to the letter in 1803, When it was settled that our slaves should be set free, a new question was presented: '' Shall we remain in Kentucky, or re­ move to the North-western Territory, where slavery is, by the Ordinance of 1787, prohibited?" Both father and mother dif­ fered in their opinions upon this, as they had done upon the question of manumitting their slaves. She objected to again emigrating to a new country on account of the difficulty of giving the younger children a suitable education and also of giving them the benefit of good society, etc. Now, in order to meet the first objection, a teacher was immediately employed to open a school in our own house (as there were none in the neighborhood) and every member of the family of children, both white and black, were placed under the rigid discipline of Robert Elliott, an ac­ ceptable and experienced teacher. The result was what might have been expected, we all looked upon it as the last chance we would have to be schooled and made the best possible use of the opportunity afforded us. Schools had been kept during the winter in our neighborhood, some of them about four miles from our residence, which we at­ tended but you must remember that teachers were hard to pro­ cure in those early times; and often very poorly qualified. So of course the pupils were not well, taught, still it was better than we even expected at that time to find in the new state~of Ohio, at that early day. Father, about this time, joined one of his neighbors, Alexan­ der Dunlap, in the purchase of lands in the Virginia Military Dis­ trict, north-west of the Ohio river, situate on Scioto and Paint creeks, and purchased one tract on his own account, situate upon Paint and Clear Creeks. In the following autumn of the year 1801, taking me with him, we visited these lands. We crossed the Ohio river at a small town in Kentucky called Mays- ville, and first visited the Clear Creek Survey, 2000 acres, en­ dorsed by and purchased of Thomas St. Hushley. The Evans families and Swearingens had already settled on Clear creek. We reached William Hill's and he aided us in finding the lands referred to. There was at the time.a number of Indians encamped in the , neighborhood, making a fall hunt. We called at one of those Autobiograpdy of Allen Trimble. 33

encampments. Mr. Hiil, who had made the acquaintance of the most of those hunters, introduced my father. He called him, as they used the word generally for anyone who had been in the Indian wars, "Captain Trimble," introducing him to Capt. John, who spOke very broken, "Pigeon" English. He took father by the hand, uttering a very distinct, "How do you do?" They had a long and spirited conversation. .For instarice, father telling him that he had been taken prisoner when a boy in the old commonwealth of Virginia by a band of Indians com- iriandedby a white man, who had the name of Dickerson, brought over the Alleghenies, and also rescued by white men, some days later. He told Captain John that the Indians had two boys with them, one of whom was killed, etc. At the name of Dickerson, Captain John seized my father by the hand. '' We brothers, we fight no more. Me know Dicker- son, me know you. Dickerson velly bad manne; he kill his squaws for not taking good meats for his teppe. Dickerson velly bad manne, me kill Dickerson in long years 'go for he whippe my girle his squaw, me velly mad, velly mad. " We brothers, now, me fight Cap. Trimble no more, etc." Father was satisfied, that Captain John was one of the boys that accompanied Dickinson on the raid, or occasion to which I have referred. However, he was cautious and ended the con­ versation by telling Captain John that he intended to remove from Kentucky, where his family lived at present, and go to the North-west Territory, and asked him where he would advise him to settle. Captain John, said in reply as follows: "All velly good places; Pickaway, Chillicothe, good ole town; corn grow velly good; squaw make plenty, but Indian shake velly much, velly sick; then come up Paint Creek and Rocky Fork to hunt, get strong, eat a plenty, no more shakey that year." Although the face of the country indicated what the old Indian had so well described, his experience gave weight to his remarks, and, I doubt not, had some influence with father's decision to settle in Highland County. The lands which he had purchased on Paint and Scioto creeks were, very rich,resemblin g the Ken­ tucky lands, and much more inviting than those of Highland County, but after witnessing the numerous cases of fever and ague in the Scioto Valley and from Chillicothe up' Paint Creek to the Falls, he did not hesitate in making his decision. The territorial session was in Chillicothe, where we spent a lew 34 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

days and made the acquaintance of several distinguished men, Massie, Langham, Bateman, Tiffin, Worthingtoh, General Mc- Arthur, etc. ' As before remarked, I concurred with mother upon the ques^ tion of freeing the slaves and also removing to the North-western territory, but feeling it my duty to submit to the superior judg­ ment of my father, I had concluded that, if on viewing the new country, I could see my prospect or any prospect of making a comfortable living, I would embrace it at once, for, having studied surveying at our home school, I concluded to seek employment as a Deputy-surveyor, under General Massie or General McAr- thur. So I immediately mentioned the subject to General McArthur, who was with father for several days surveying his Scioto and Paint Creek lands. The General said he would not advise me to engage in the laborious business of surveying in the feeble condi­ tion of my health, as a mere boy. My constitution not apparent­ ly strong and, as he had learned, somewhat injured by overexer­ tion, he thought the exposure to which I would be subjected as a surveyor might operate somewhat injuriously in the end, rather than acting favourably to the renewal of my health. • So I took his advice for the present, at any rate. The overexertion, referred to by him, occurred during the pre­ vious harvest. I was one of fifteen hands reaping wheat with the old-fashioned cradle-scythe. The day was excessively hot and warm. The wheat was heavy and you must remember I was yet in my teens, and not a firstrat e reaper, and it required great exertion to keep up with the company, all of whom were first rate reapers, myself being the exception, But I could bind more rapidly than any man in the big field and took the lead in the last trial through the long rows of shocks of wheat; arid in the end I won the race, ran to a cool spring near the "Outcome," and foolishly drank a hearty draught of cold water. Not being very robust, I was taken immediately with cramps of the stomach and carried to the house speechless. But after bathing and being rubbed for some time, I recovered my speech, but my system was severely dazed and I was threatened with permanent debility. I recovered slowly, but when father started to Ohio, I was able to ride thirty miles each day and thus continued, to improve arid on our return could ride forty miles in a day without much Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 35

pain to me in any way. but I was still unable to work very hard, or to attend school profitably. But in order not to lose time, I began to review what I had previously learned, but I am sorry to state, without much, profit to myself. In the spring I undertook to work on the farm, but could not stand it. I went to the Olimpian Springs, in Montgomery County Kentucky, which is a watering place of some celebrity, and spent July and August there without much benefit. In the Autumn of 1802 I again accompanied my father to Ohio, which was a second reconnoisance of our lands* and spent some time in Chillicothe whilst the convention that founded the Constitu­ tion of Ohio, were in session, made the acquaintance of several of the members, and returned home late in December, my health Still delicate but somewhat improved- One physician, Dr. Brown, advised that I should continue to travel, and it was agreed in the family counsel that I should go to Virginia and spend the winter with some of our numerous relatives. So I was soon equipped for the" long journey and on the way on the—rth of December, and thus I set out for a second trip alone on horseback to Staunton, via Crab Orchard and Cumber­ land Gap, etc. I was on the "Wilderness Trail," over which my parents had travelled in the year 1784. On the second day I passed the old Crab Orchard and reached Lunkfords Station, on the Rock Castle river. During the night it rained constantly and very heavily. In the morning the riverwa s too high to be forded and it was rising very rapidly. A canoe was the only water craft kept at the old Ferry and, the mode of crossing „was to swim the horse by the side of the canoe, and Mr. Lunkford said to me it would be almost impossible (while so much drift­ wood was upon the river)t o cross, even with the canoe without the horse, but he said to me," Even if I wereover big Rock Castle I would still have little Rock Castle, Raccoon and Stinking creeks to cross, where there was no Ferry canoe or any person living, and they would each be too high to ford. I therefore concluded to content myself with Mr. Lunkford until the raging waters could be crossed. About 9 o'clock an elderly man rode up and called for the ferryman. Mr. Lunkford went to the door and the traveller told him that he wanted to cross the river. He had seven horses tied "head and tail," as we used to call it, and he himself was riding the eighth horse, leading the foremost. Our ferrvman, Lunkford, told him the river was verv hieh. 36 • Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

and also it was filled with dangerous driftwood; and he, himself would not take the risk of crossing. But the old gentleman, (Mr. Davis, by name, as we learned afterwards) said he. would take the risk, and taking out a bottle of whisky from his coat pocket and another one out of his saddle-bags, firsttreate d him­ self and then as many of the company as choose to take a drink, and then started towards the ferry or ford. Then Lunkford, with several men and boys, that had fallen in to take their morn ing dram at the expense of the old gentleman followed. I walked down to the ferry also with the landlord. Then Mr. Davis dismounted; took off his saddle-bags, put them carefully in the canoe, then called Lunkford to loosen the cable holding the canoe to the shore, and, having tied the halter of the lead­ ing horse round his neck, requested the bystanders that just as soon as the canoe set off with his riding, horse (which he led by the. side of the boat), to drive in, or force, the leading horse with the other six, tied as we have before mentioned, immediately after or behind the "leader." Away went the canoe! Lunkford, Davis and his one saddle- horse, followed by the seven all in a string, close after each other; and they would have gone over safely, had not a large log, drifting . down stream, struck or floated right into the third horse and bore the whole seven down stream, tumbling them over each other, with heels and head up alternately and apparently des­ tined to be a total wreck. But by good fortune at a bend in the river, they were all drifted into an eddy very near to the shore, and a resolute young fellow, who by good luck happened to be on the spot, plunged into the water and cut the haulters and thus saved the horses for friend Davis. Then getting them out on the dry sand on the same side of the river, which they entered, Lunkford succeeded in saving Davis and his saddle-horse on the opposite bank of the river, and then returned himself. I had determined to take the risk of crossing the river and had my horse ready to launch when the canoe returned. The loose horses of Mr. Davis, driven into the river, and see­ ing both their master and his saddle horse on the opposite bank, swafn to them and I followed, my noble horse swimming by the side of the canoe. Mr. Lunkford remarked, when we had gotten over the river, that I need not fear to cross deep water on such a fine horse as I rode, for he swam like a duck. So I told Mr. Davis that I had determined to put myself under his command Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 37

and, as he knew the road, if he would lead off, I would drive his loose horses and save him the trouble of mending his seven hal­ ters, which were so very badly" cut up. He thanked me and said that he would do his best to conduct me safely through*the long "Wilderness," which we had then fairly, entered. Seven miles brought us to Little Rock Castle. Mr.. Davis said that it would swim his horses and would have to be crossed three* times, and that two of the crossings could be avoided by going round a bend of the river, but which would make four more miles of travel, but if I preferred it, we would go round the Bend.. I told him, in reply, that although my horse had proven himself to be a good swimmer, as I could not then swim myself, and as my health was feeble then as a mere lad, I would rather avoid exposure and grave danger except where absolutely necessary. So we took the circuitous route. We then reached the crossing which we could not avoid very late in the day. The water, on the side we had entered, covered a large bottom, fully fiftyyard s wide, and reached our saddle skirts. Mr. Davis called my at­ tention to a large tree that lay across the channel of the stream, which was. used as a foot-log or bridge, and he advised me to ride to the stump, dismount, take off my saddle-bags, let my horse follow him, and walk over on the fallen tree. So I took his advice, but whilst fixing the reins of the bridle round my horses' neck, he became, restless and pulled me off the stump into the water, which was five feet deep. But by good fortune I let him go and recovered my position upon the.old stump, then shouldered my baggage and crossed upon the tree. I was apprehensive that travelling under such circumstances would not improve my health. Then Mr. Davis drew out his bottle of whiskey and, for the first time, I joined him in a hearty "here goes for a better acquaintance." I was soon in the saddle again and although pretty thoroughly wet did not feel uncomfortable until the spirits from friend Da­ vis' bottle began to die. It was a cold day, but I thought the thermometer had certainly fallen much below the freezing point. After we had finished swimming the rapid little stream, called '' Stinking Creek,", and before we had reached our lodging place, I was chilled, my teeth in motion, or, chattering, my buckskin pantaloons frozen to my legs, and even in many places they were adhering to my saddle, but aided by the kindness of the good 38 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

landlord, I was soon extricated and seated by a comfortable fire. Mr. Davis, after having our good horses cared for, came in, and invited me to take some more spirits, but my head was so affected with what I had already taken (for indeed it ached vio­ lently), I therefore declined. I requested the landlord to make a strong cup of tea. for me. But the landlady said to her husband that she had no tea or coffee, but that she coujd make me some "yarb" tea. I inquired what kind of "yarb" tea. She said, "Sassa-frax" yarb. I told her to prepare at least a quart cup for me alone and that just as soon as possible. I also saw a string of red pepper pods, suspended from the joist and I recollected that our old Guinea negress who belonged to my father often used red pepper in making "sassa-frax" tea and mixed it with Seneca snake root for colds, which we had found at home very effective. So I inquired of the landlady if she had any snake root. "No, there was none in her house." I then requested our hostess to put a pod of redpepper in the tea, which she was preparing for me. It was done as I had directed, and I have no doubt at all that the highly peppered tea, drank on that occasion, prevented me from taking a deeply seated cold. I was at a loss to determine how to manage my leather panta­ loons; how to dry them whilst I had them on, for I would not be able to take them off. And to take therii off and dry them, I would not in any way be able to get them on again. But the landlord, who as most hunters were in those days, was a skin dresser, said to me, if I would take them off, he would dry them and have them ready for me in the morning, just as large and soft as they were before getting wet; and he did so, by drying them slowly and rubbing them with a broad smooth rubbing board, which he used in dressing deer skins. Mr. Davis and I slept or lay on a straw bed, which was.laid on a rough slab of wood, just in front of the fire. Mr. Davis was up very early and had our horses fed, and the madam had for us an early breakfast, which was composed of choice venison, bear meat, and johnny cake, with "Sassa-frax" tea, "to work it down," as she said playfully to him; and we started with friend Davis in the lead. When we reached the "Raccoon" Creek, Mr. Davis said there was no alternative and went plunging through, swimming from bank to bank, and I followed and got very wet, up to my knees. Then we crossed several streams, some of which had fallen so as to be forded by our horses, but sad Autobiography of Allen Trinib'.e. 39 to relate, our feet and legs were wet all day. That night we had a more comfortable lodging, and the next day a more comfortable ride, crossing the Cumberland river on a boat,, with our two horses swimming on each side, and then reached, after crossing the Cumberland Mountain, the beautiful Powell's, Valley. The next day we crossed the Powell river, also on a boat and reached Claiborne Court House, in Tennessee, at which place I parted with Mr. Davis, who resided in the state of Tennessee, and was within fifty miles of his home. He was, as most pioneers are, a bold, enterprising man, who had, for the past several years, been engaged in the horse trading business. .Now the landlord at Claiborne Court House, had, during the previous night, entertained us with stories of recent robberies and murders, comriritted upon the Knoxville and Virginia roads. One of which was between Beans Station and Rogersville, in the State of Tennessee, and the other between Lexington, Kentucky, and Staunton, Virginia, just the road which I intended to pass over". The first one mentioned was an attempt to murder and rob a Western merchant, who was on his way to Baltimore. He put up for the night at a noted Tavern, and feeling no apprehension of any danger, gave his saddle-bags and pistols to the landlord for safe keeping. After an early breakfast he started upon his journey. During the morning he saw, or thought he saw, in the conduct of the family something that he could not' account for, and as soonas he was out of sight of the house he examined his saddle-bags, but finding nothing amiss, he proceeded,* however, meditating upon the subject for a short distance, when the thought struck him of examining his pistols, and he found that the powder had been thrown out of the pan of each one and wood ashes put in its place, and also that the loads and balls had been drawn from each chamber and the place also supplied of each with ashes and brown paper. He immediately cleaned and reloaded his two pistols and rode. on. Just about two miles from the tavern, two men, blackened, were secreted behind a large tree, very close to the roadside. And when the traveller came up, they each stepped out, one catching the horse by the bridle, whilst the other presented his cocked rifle and demanded his money. The traveller said he had some money, and if they must have it, he would give them the trouble of breaking his saddle-bags and, 40 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

taking them from under him, pitched them over his horses head on to the road in front of the two robbers. Then the man who held the horse, let the bridle go and the other set his rifleagains t a tree and both of them stooped over the saddle-bags. Then the merchant, who had his pistols all ready to be seized in a moment, quickly drew one of them and made such good aim that he shot the .younger robber through the heart. The other man ran immediately, even leaving his rifle still standing against the big tree, behind which they had concealed themselves, as the merchant rode up. Then the merchant secured both rifles and leaving his saddle­ bags still in the road, with the dead robber lying upon them, rode back to the Tavern where he had lodged and quickly called the landlord and told him that he had killed a man who had attempted to rob him. The landlady looking out of a window, cried out: "Oh! It is my son." The landlord, with two of his negroes, accompanied the merchant to the fatal spot. Then the merchant proposed to haVe the matter investigated, but it w**s declined and he was advised by the landlord to take his saddle-bags and depart, arid he did so. It was said that one of the landlord's sons was never seen after this occurrence. The family reported that he had gone to the new Mississippi country. The other case referred to, was more disastrous and fatal to the traveler, which occurred in this manner. A merchant named Staley, on his way from Western Virginia to the city of Balti­ more fell in company with a man on horseback, who professed to be travelling to Maryland. They, therefore, without Staley apprehending any danger, continued for some two or three days together. Mr. Staley had a considerable sum of money with him, and was also doubly armed, both carrying two pocket pistols and a fine new rifle and his strange companion and comrade, who had made himself very agreeable and obliging, and had also on two previous occasions relieved Mr. Staley by carrying his rifle, again tendered his services, this being the third time, by offering to carry his rifle. So Staley again handed him the rifle, not even suspecting any danger. They soon entered upon a part of the road, which is between Lexington and Staunton,.in Augusta County, and not near by any dwelling. The assassin dropped behind Staley and suddenly shot him through the body. Then Staley's horse carried him some thirty yards from the road,

Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 41

where he was afterwards found with his horse still standing by his dead body, with bridle, saddle and saddle-bags. And the assassin's horse and equipage also found but never claimed by any one and he, himself, was never found there or anywhere else; nor in those early days, could the officers long search for any one. Although two such occurrences were calculated to alarm a young traveller, I did not feel that I was in very much danger, having but money enough by me to bear my expenses. My only fear was, that some fellow might fancy my fine horse (which, indeed, was a rather fine one, above the common run of horses in those days), and thus steal him. I left Claibourne Court House and arrived at Clinch river at about nine a. m. Here my parents and family, with emigrants from Virginia and North Carolina, in October, 1784, crossed this mountain stream, and it was here that my mother was so.mir­ aculously preserved with her two little children, and borne across this frightful chasm of rocks and billows by her noble and spirited horse. I felt that I was a child of Providence, and should never, no never, distrust the goodness and great mercy of Almighty God, and the efficacy of a mother's prayer. And I had afterwards heard, not only my mother, but from others who witnessed the frightful occasion and also the occur­ rence, but I had formed no correct idea of the actual hazard and the apparent impossibility of any horse (even Beucephalus himself) successfully stemming a torrent of water, upwards of 200 yards broad, rolling and tumbling over and around rocks, some of them towering above the highest water, and bearing his sacred charge of three human beings safely to the opposite shore. And it must have been an exciting scene to those who witnessed it; for the very thought of the reality made the cold chills run over me. . I left, reflecting upon the dangers and difficulties en­ countered by the first emigrants to Kentucky; and felt proud that I was a descendant of such a bold and enterprising race of good honest people. I reached Beans Station after crossing the river and Clinch mountain, and put up with Mr. Gordon, the Inn keeper. When leaving in the morning Mr. Gordon gave me a particular descrip­ tion of the place where the merchant was attacked by the two robbers which I have before referred to. This was one of the coldest days I had ever travelled. I passed the tavern at which the merchant lodged on the night before he was attacked, and 42 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

I was strongly inclined to call and warm msyelf. But I did not, and as I passed the fatal spot referred to, I was struck with the suitableness of the situation for a deed of darkness and murder. A thick forest, large Pine trees scorched black and the tree be­ hind which the two robbers stood, was in the center of the road. I reached Rogersville and put up with th.e proprietor of the town, Mr^ Rogers, who was one of the most obliging landlords I have ever met with. I parted in the morning with my warm hearted Irish host, who invoked a blessing upon the young traveller. As I passed a tav­ ern in the village, I observed a gentleman mounted and about to start, leading a horse with a pack, lashed on a pack-saddle. So I rode up and inquired if he was travelling towards Staunton. He replied that he had to learn the road himself and that he would not-be company for me. I saw in a moment that the re­ cent murder of Staley was operating upon his mind and he feared that I might kill him for his money, which he was packing (in Spanish coin upon his led horse). He remarked to me that he had business off the road, and would not be company for me. I saw in a moment that the fact that Staley had been killed by a "travelling companion" was the thing which in fact operated most on his fearful and timid mind. The report had reached his ears and had very much influenced his fears. So I rode on alone and saw no more of the affrighted merchant. The day was piercing cold. I reached Ross Iron Works and the Hamilton river. There was but one hotel there and it was filled with the hands of the Iron Works, whom that day had a holiday, because the water had frozen and stopped their machin­ ery. They were drinking, singing and swearing at an alarming rate. The scene came nearer the ideas I had formed of hell than any I had ever before witnessed. I got a bad night's rest, started the next morning early and that day reached the home of my father's half sister, Mrs. Estell, who had been with him a captive among the Indians, as children. Having lost her husband she was married to a farmer of good reputation, Mr. Edmonson, who resided near Abington, Va. She told me more of their captivity than my father. She was kind to me and I enjoyed my visit very much, and on the 2nd day from my aunt's I passed again the spot where Staley had been assassinated by his com­ panion, and the next day I rode 15 miles to a hotel which was Autobiography of Allen Trimble. , 43

said to be respectable, for my breakfast. I asked the landlord if I could have my horse fed. He said: "Yoh." But I did not like his looks. He was the first" Duncard " I had seen. Then he took my saddle-bags, showed me into the room, fed my horse and then went to order my breakfast. There were three men sitting at a table, swigging at a pot of beer, which stood upon the hot stove. They made way for me and I sat down. When the landlord returned they began a conversation in German, casting an occasional glance at me. I could not understand a word they said, but from the conversation I concluded that they were talking about the murder of Staley and about me and my horse. So I listened very closely and eyed them very attentively for some minutes. I concluded that they had decided to dis­ pose of me, take my horse and what little money I had, so I arose at once and took a defensive position. So I took up my saddle­ bags and ordered my horse, but the old landlord said in broken English, "Oh, y'r hosh ish not donn etin, and you ish not got brekfest." '' No," sad I, "but I do not feel safe in your house, for these men may be plotting to cut my throat and take what little money I have." "Mine Got, mine Got, we be no mur- thret, we only say so young, a traveller riding so fine a horse, be in danger of being killed for his hoss, like Mine Herr Staley." So, after I had eaten the best breakfast I had partaken of since leaving home, I said to them goodbye, and they all cried out, 'Guide ltike, guide luke, to home, and father and mother." After this days' ride I was among relatives and friends and nearer home, in the neighborhood of Lexington, Rockbridge County, and I found one of my father's cousins, Alexander Trim­ ble, who had visited Kentucky when a young man and spent several months at our home. He was now married and very com­ fortably situated on a farm with his wife who was a Miss Grigby, an uncommonly accomplished and sensible woman, and she con­ tributed towards making my stay of a few days very agreeable and pleasant, but after a short time, I proceeded to my native place, Augusta. I had heard so much of the oddities of one January Macgonigal, of Staunton, Virginia, a tavern keeper, I concluded to stop off, have my horse fed, as an excuse to see the eccentric Scotch-Irish landlord. As I approached the house, my horse quite as willing as myself for a little rest, raised up his head and paced up in fine style. .Mr. Macgonigal, the landlord, sprang up at my approach 44 Autobiography -of Allen Trimble to give me assistance, for I was so cold I could scarcely dismount. He called to "George," at the top of his voice to take the fine horse of the young gentleman, and conducted me into the bar­ room, where I was soon seated by a bright fire and soon felt quite comfortable. My host interrogated me the while, if I would take some refreshments for myself and my horse, and what I would drink, etc. Being answered, he said: "You are a young traveller, sir, how far have you ridden that fine horse to-day, sir." "About 500 mile.s, sir." "Is it possible, sir, and how much beyond this place are y.ou going?" "Only a feW miles, sir," said I, "to Colonel Allen's." "Yes, yes, I know Allen, and a handsomer man or a better marksman does not live in all Augusta. Yes, sir, Iknow him, and his father before him, and no better man than old January Allen. Are you acquainted with the entire family, for «I have no recollection of having seen the sOn, but have seen the old gentlemen and his wife. You have been in these parts before ?" Thus he concluded, all in one breath, to which I replied, "That my parents tell me that I have been here before, but I wag merely an infant in arms." " The Lord bless me, and where have you been living ever since?" '' In Kentucky, sir." '' And have you come from Kentucky now?" "Yes, sir." "And where is your corripany to your state, sir." "My horse, sir, is my only company, sir." "But what may your name be, sir, if not too much trouble." "My name, sir, is Allen Trimble, sir." ' The Lord bless me, sir, a son of January Trimble." " Yes, sir," said I. '' Oh, the Lord bless me double, sir, Jane Allen was your good, dear, blessed mother?" "Yes, sir," said I.., "Well, it beats the world; for I knew them both well, and a bonny pair they were." He called his wife and gave me a formal introduction, and said, "This is the son of Jane Allen and Jany Trimble." His wife, the old landlady, seemed impossible of realizing the fact that I had travelled alone from Kentucky. But the old man assured her there could be no mistake, and to seal the mat­ ter, he drew out a bottle of good old French brandy, "deal the better in auld Staunton, sir," and he said we must drink the health of each other, and his wife's remembering my father and mother, his old friends, and the friends of all the good people in' Augusta County. After a good warming, George, the black boy, brought out my horse, and I left for Jany Allen's, under a promise Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 45

to. call as often as I came to Staunton and tell him more about his dear friends in Kentucky. My relatives were taken by surprise, not expecting any of their relatives from Kentucky at that inclement season, and especially one all alone and such a young man as myself. But they were ^ very glad to meet me, for indeed in those early days, a guest was always welcome, if only for company, since news was only carried by the traveller on horse-back. I spent the winter pleasantly, visiting my relatives some.ten or twelve families principally on mother's side of the house; my father having but one half-brother, Colonel MOffett, in that country. Some three or four weeks, before my intended depar­ ture for Kentucky, a retired merchant from near Lexington, Ky., —a man of great wealth—was returning from a trip to Maryland. He called at my grandfather's, Colonel Allen's, a short distance from the road. The tavern was only a short distance off. He had with him a negro boy and a very ugly animal, a jackass he had purchased in Maryland. He was entertained hospitably but I saw that it was thought that he might as well have stopped at the Tavern. The next morning when he was about to start it was discovered that the Jack was badly foundered. He had been travelled the day previous without stopping to feed. The animal was hungry and being full fed at Colonel Allen's this was the consequence. My Kentucky acquaintance, for I happen to know him, was in trouble. He had been some time from home arid was anxious to return. He could not wait for his foundered animal and how to get the negro boy and the Jack back to Kentucky was the question. As I intended returning in a few weeks he proposed leaving his stock With Colonel Allen, to be sent out when I returned and agreed to pay me fifty dollars for my attention and furnishing a horse for his boy to ride. I accepted his office. He paid me $60, ten of which were to defray the boy and Jack's expenses, and so he left for Kentucky. In ten days "Moses" for that was the animal's name was able to walk, and in a month so far recovered as to justify putting him on the road. I had promised a horse for the black boy to ride and concluded that I was ready to start for home, but hearing that there was in Winchester, Va., a celebrated mathematical instrument manufactured by Goldsmith Chandler, I determined to obtain if possible, a surveying compass and chain to take 46 Autobiography of Allen Trimble. home with-me. The mail was carried frorri Staunton to Win­ chester on horse back by a man of the name of Bocket. It was carried but once a week. I saw Mr. Bocket and employed him to bring me a compass the very next week, which he did. The money paid for this compass was the first I had obtained for my services arid I set it down as the starting point of my earnings. Whilst -I was waiting for my compass a new care sprang up that greatly increased my responsibility. A certain man had removed from Augusta, Va., to Kentucky, leaving a son, a minor appren­ ticed to a cabinet business. . When this son John came of age he concluded to remain in Virginia. Col. Allen built a shop and set young John > up in business.. During the first three or four years John did a profitable business, but .falling in with a young man who was a professed.gambler, John was soon stripped of ohis earnings and poor John "took to the bottle," and soon became a decidedly intemperate man. His father had fre­ quently written to him to leave Virginia and come to Kentucky, but John had not money to bear his expenses and no one was willing to trust him. The father had written to Colonel Allen, requesting him if any opportunity offered to send his son to Kentucky. The Colonel concluded if I would take charge of the young man he would furnish a horse and other necessities forthe journey. I had heard somuchof this young man's profitless and desperate character, that I felt unwilling to carry the funds for his" expenses. He was a very stout man, six feet two inches high, strong and active, about thirty years of age, a man of high temper, and when intoxicated quite ungovernable. I was a boy only eighteen yeats of age, in delicate health and even when well, not stout. But what could I do? My grandparents, their son and family, with whom I had spent so much of my time and had so enjoyed myself during my visit with them, were all anxious that John should be taken to his father and family, and they thought I could manage him even better than a man of years and strength, in the event he was disposed to drink or gamble. I told my relatives to bring John in and we would decide the question. He was sent for. He was sober but looked as if oppressed with melancholy thoughts. Colonel Allen told him he had concluded to have him take the journey to Kentucky in company with Allen Trimble if matters could be satisfactorily arranged. "But," said Colonel Allen, "John, you know your besetting sin: If you had your pockets full of money and should see a pack of cards and a bottle of whisky you would not rest while a dollar remained. Now, if you start to Kentucky with this boy (for he is only a boy), you must consent to let him carry the purse, and promise to keep sober during the journey. He held up his head and with a forced smile said it was quite com­ mon with gentlemen travelling together for one to carry the change and pay the bills and that he would cheerfully agree to Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 47

that arrangement. I remarked that I felt more than willing; that I was anxious to render service to my friends and relatives whenever in my power, and that it would give me great pleasure to be instrumental in restoring him to his family in Kentucky. And now if you-will promise me, Mr.^-, ort your Honour, that you will submit to this arrangement (which your friends think abso­ lutely necessary), take no exception to it on the way, and keep sober and avoid cards until we land at your father's house, I will pledge to you, my Honour, that I will treat you as a gentle­ man and equal and as a travelling companion, make your trip as pleasant as I can. He rose from his seat, the tears dropping over his ruddy cheeks, took me in his arms, and said in a trem­ ulous voice, " I do pledge to you, Allen Trimble, my honour and my life, that I will be governed in all things by your counsel and advise." We set out about the first of April. I had not calculated much on the black boy as a waiter. In fact, I did not desire it for I had learned to wait on myself but I did not expect to have to wait on the negro. I had mounted him on a fine young horse owned by a Captain Kirk of Kentucky who had left the horse with Colonel Moffett, his father-in-law. It was to be sent out by some friend from Virginia. John, the negro, boy could ride but could not for the life of him mount the horse without assist­ ance. We travelled on pleasantly, Mr. John conducting himself with great propriety. When we arrived at the crossing of Clinch River, the water was high. I reined up my horse and was pointing out to John the ferry above the circular ford and the place crossed by my mother in 17S4, when she carried me and my brother in her arms. It was a warm day and Moses, who has been mentioned, pushed into the stream, took "the straight shute" soon disappearing, all but head and ears. The current carried him down to a large rock projecting out of the water upon Which he was thrown by the waves. Recovering his feet he shook himself and looked as composed as if nothing had happened. The rock was about fifty or sixty feet from the shore. We called but he heeded us not. We then rode up to the ferry, hoping he would follow, but he kept his position. We consulted the ferryman. He said a skift or canoe could not safely venture into that part of the stream. John said he would try to drive him off the rock by pelting him with stones, He made the trial and as he was strong he threw stones with great precision and force. Moses shut his eyes at first, threw back his ears and bid defiance to the assault. At length he began to shake his head but continued to bear the stones most patiently. I told Mr. — to aim at his head. The second blow upon the wisdom organ brought Moses to his knees, threw him off his balance, and he slid from the rock into the water and swam to shore on the same side of the riverh e went in at. We had no more trouble in keeping him out of water the rest of the journey. 48 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

We reached Claybourne Court House, Tennessee, that evening at nightfall. The villagers had probably never seen a long-eared animal and Moses was a sight. Mr. John — discovered the anxiety of the people to see the stranger, and soon as he rode up to the Tavern, Moses was hurried into the stable. John ', — and the negro John, as usual, attended to the horses, wmlst I was making arrangements for supper. I had not suspected ' John 's object. He had found that something could be made by gratifying the curiosity of the men and boys who had run after us to the Tavern and others to the stables to see the wonderful animal. I told Mr. when I discovered his purpose, that it would not do to make the people pay for looking at a Jack. He said he wanted to make a few ninepence for John, the negro,; that he would take the responsibility. I went to bed and left John —; and the negro boy to carry on the exhibition which they did quite to the satisfaction of all. I have riow forgotten the amount they made but it was enough to keep John the negro smiling and exhibiting his ivory for the rest of the journey, when the subject was mentioned. Some of the people followed us quite a distance on our journey the next morning in order to take a farewell look at Moses. Nothing worthy of remark occurred during the remainder of the journey. John -kept his word, drank no spirits and behaved himself like a gentleman. His family received him with great joy and when John related to them the interest I had taken in his behalf their kindness and gratitude was warmly manifested—with tears running over their cheeks and prayers offered to the Most High for His choicest blessings to accompany me through life and death. I never saw one of'them afterward. The thirteenth day after leaving Colonel Allen's in Virginia I arrived at my home in Kentucky. I had been absent over four months. It was a joyful meeting. All crowded around me and after the "shaking hands" all around on such occasions was over my mother inquired for the health of her parents and family of relatives in Virginia and having learned that they were in good health she said she hoped I had a pleasant and profitable visit. I answered in the affirmative. "0 yes," said a little brother (Cary), "I see Mother, Allen has brought another nigger, another horse and the awfullest looking thing you ever saw!" They all exclaimed, "What does Gary mean?" and ran to the porch to see what it could be that Cary had discovered. John, the black boy, and "the Jack" I had purposely left at the outer gate and had slipped into the house unperceived by the family. The darkey and horse were familiar sights, but to all but father the Jack was a great curiosity. I was soon required to give an account of how and where I got John and those ani­ mals. Having done so I opened the saddlebags. (Some one of the family had felt the weight of them and looked very closely to see what I had to take out. I first drew out.some presents from Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 49 the Virginia friends to mother and my sisters, but they were light articles. I next drew out the surveying instruments before mentioned. The compass was a large and heavy one for those times. I unwrapped it and handed it.to father, who examined it, inquiring in the meantime if I had bought it for myself. T said I had, adding that as it was possible I might go to the new country—I concluded I would when I had so favorable an opportunity to get a set of instruments. I discovered that my father was much gratified, and he said that I had acted Very wisely. I was very happy to feel that nothing I had done during my absence was a disappointment to my parents, but that they approved. A knowledge of this fact I have often thought strengthened my purposes to so conduct myself as to look for and expect their further approval. Nothing had occurred dur­ ing, my absence to occasion a painful thought. My own health had improved and the family were in usual health upon my return. Mother had always expressed a wish that I should obtain, a good education. She was a reader of good books. When fifteen years of age she had committed the four Gospels to memory, large portions of Milton, Young, Cowper, Thomson, and she was a beautiful letter writer; and she was ambitious for her children, as was father. But as he could not spare both brother William and myself from the farm—there were six sons of us, and two daughters—I being fond of farming and having lived now at ease for so long, (work was agreeable), it was decided that William should go to school, and I assist father. I related to him that I had met in Virginia a Mr. Steinberger who resided on the south branch of the. Potomac, an extensive farmer and engaged in feeding, marketing and fatteningcattle in Richmond and Baltimore, and perhaps Philadelphia; and that at the suggestion of one of our relations, Mr. Bell, Mr. Steinberger proposed forming a partnership with me, the object of which was to purchase cattle in Kentucky and drive to Virginia. 1 should make the purchases and drive or cause them to be driven to Virginia, where he would receive arid market them and give me a share of the profits, to be agreed upon, etc. I had informed Mr. Steinberger that I was a minor, had no capital, was unac­ quainted with the business and could not enter into such an engagement without consultation with my father. Whilst we were in conversation on this subject, Mr. Nicholas Lewis and his wife, who' was a sister of my mother, paid us a visit during which the Steinberger proposition was mentioned. I had become rather anxious to impress my father favorably in relation to this matter. I told him of the fact that beef and pork had commanded in Virginia ten dollars per hundred, when in Kentucky pork was a "drug" at two dollars and beef only saleable on the hoof at even a lower price. My father's objection was that partnerships were dangerous and required the utmost 50 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

probity and strictest care, even when the parties were united in the oversight of their business; and separated as Mr. Steinberger and I were—over five hundred miles apart—the dangers and difficulties of such partnership would be too much, that he could not consent to it. This told the whole story—a firm, decisive man my father was. Mr.-Lewis remarked that'there was more money to be made by driving hogs to the eastern market, than cattle, ,We were all surprised at this remark, supposing it was altogether impractica­ ble to drive hogs so great a distance,' but Mr. Lewis said that they travelled as fast and carried their flesh better and on less feed than cattle, and as proof of this fact he told us that he was connected with the contractor for the supply of General Anthony Wayne's army in the Indian campaign of 1794-5. And that they were compelled to rely upon hogs in part for the supply of the troops from Cincinnati to. Detroit; that the hogs were less trouble, traveled better and although they had no grain to feed them they kept their flesh better than cattle; that a part of those hogs bought in Kentucky, near Lexington, had been driven to Detroit. If Mr. Lewis had not been a man of character his statements would not have been believed I at once suggested to father that he loan Mr. Lewis and me the money necessary to purchase a drove and make the exper­ iment of driving hogs from Kentucky to Virginia, (Mr. Lewis said yes, he would jpin me with pleasure). Father hesitated, and said he did not altogether approve my suggestion. Mr. Lewis had been in very affluent circumstances but had failed in business in Frankfort where he had lived and had consequently retired to a small farm given him by his father and the title retained, for Mr. Lewis had been extravagant and suspected of gambling. So although he had united with the Presbyterian Church a short time before, father thought he would not be a very safe partner. But after consultation with mother and Aunt Lewis,* who, by the way, was a remarkably Sensible woman, and a great favorite with our family, father yielded to our importunity, and Mr. Lewis and I commenced engaging hogs to be fully fatted and delivered by the 15th ult. at $2 per hundred lbs. net. This was in. July. Having engaged the number he wanted, about four hundred, we made preparation to start by procuring "hands," pack horses and equipments. Knowing that from the Crab.Orchard to Beans Station, one- half the distance to Richmond, we would be in a country almost uninhabited and destitute of provisions for man at least, we provided as for a campaign of thirty days—bread, cheese, coffee, sugar and cooking utensils, etc. 1803, about the 25th of Octo- *The Lewis family of Nichola^ville, amorjK whose letter* I find aunt Mrs. Polly Lewis', are dated from Poplar Hill, JassumineCo.. 1*14: an uncle, Nicholas Lewis, Martha Mitch­ ell Prozar, 1819, from FranUfort, Ky.: Mrs. Susan Allen. I8l8-l!i, written to her dear nephews, William H. and Allen Trimble, and from William Allen, Jr., Lexington, Febru­ ary, 1815. • Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 51 ber, we collected our drove and began a, march for Richmond, Va., some 600 miles distant. The subject of driving fat hogs to Virginia was new and produced in the neighborhood quite a sensation, and many were the predictions as to the result of our enterprise. Some of Mr. Lewis' acquaintances who knew his fondness for a game of brag said a certain man would brag A. Trimble out of his hogs before a Week and then swap them for a race horse., Others wondered that Captain James Trimble would furnish money for a speculation'where there was so little hope of the principal being saved, etc. Amidst all these unfavorable auguries I started with high hopes of success. Up to the fourth day' (during which time we passed through a rich settlement), we obtained corn for our hogs, but on the fifth day we left Crab Orchard and entered the wilderness. That night we camped in the woods for the first time.., We had some' fears that the hogs would scatter, (as we had no corn for them)', but we had travelled through beech and chestnut woods the latter part of the day and so slowly that our pigs had without much delay satisfied their hunger and lay down as contentedly that night as if they had been in their own sty. In rlast Tennessee and Western Virginia we found oak and beech sufficient to keep the hogs in good condition, but when we left the mountains and entered the pine lands we had to purchase corn, from 75 cents to $1 per bushel, until we reached James River and Carter's Ferry and on to Richmond we paid only 50 cents per bushel. Mr. Lewis had a relative, a wealthy farmer, residing on the north side of the river and near the road we were travelling, upon whom he said he must call and left us for1 that purpose. The next morning Mr. Lewis and his uncle, Colonel Curd, met us and the Colonel informed me that he had laid an embargo (a very common and significant word then in old Virginia), upon Mr Lewis and the drove must be driven to his farm near the river, and that I must bring the boys to his house. It is unnecessary to say the order of the Colonel was. obeyed to the letter, the Colonel guiding to where on the farm the drove was to be put up. And then on to his .mansion. I soon discovered that Colonel Curd lived in a style indicating not only wealth, but taste and refinement. When dinner was announced we were taken into the parlors by the Colonel and his two sons and introduced to Mrs. Curd and her two daughters and then conducted to the dining room where we partook of an excellent dinner—bacon and cabbage were served as one course, It was about the 20th of December. I was anxious to get to Richmond (thirty miles off) before Christmas, so I inquired of Mr. Lewis after dinner, in presence of the family, how long he intended to remain with his friends. He said not more than a . day. "A day, indeed," said the Colonel, "you must stay a week at least." "Oh, yes, yes," said the old lady and her daughters, 52 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

"cousin Nickey, you must stay until after Christmas anyhow." I remarked that I would go on next day with the drove and Mr. Lewis might remain two days and overtake me at Richmond on the third day. The Colonel said: " Boys, that will not be a wise arrangement. One of you ought to go to Richmond one or two days before the hogs arrive in order to ascertain the state of the market and make arrangements for slaughtering or selling on foot, as may be best." I admitted the Colonel had a sensible view of the subject, but there seemed difficulties in adopting his plan. Thomas Lewis, a brother of Nicholas, who had spent his fortune in early life at cards, etc., had accompanied us. He remarked in his waggish manner, for he was a great wag, that he would arrange the matter so as to accommodate all parties. If Nicholas let him have his horse he, Tom, would go on with the drove to Richmond, make sale of the hogs and return to Col. Curd's, allowing his brother in the meantime to finish his visit. Nicholas laughingly said: "Brother, I fear you might meet some of your old friends hi Richmond such as George and Frederick Straws, who would soon relieve you of the drove and.the price of it." "There might be some danger," replied Tom, "but would there be more 'safety for money in your hands than mine ? The last time we .were in Richmond together old Straws got more money from you two to one than he did from me." Tom's repartee '(but for the kind feeling of the family toward these relations), would have produced a hearty laugh at Nicholas' expense. Colonel Curd said after a suppressed laugh: "Boys, I can settle this matter for you. It seems that cousin Tom and Nick have some acquaintances in Richmond whom they wish to avoid rather than renew their acquaintance, and I think (it would be prudent to do so, and as a stranger can do what is necessary to be firstdon e in the city start your drove so as to be at the five-milehouse , Mr. L—•— tavern, on the evening of the 25th, Christmas. Let this young man," (he should have said boy), laying his hand upon my head, "leaveyou.so as to be at the five-mile house on the night of the 23rd. These arrangements should be made for the hogs and the hands to remain until a sale is effected, and it would not be amiss to call on Major who resides in sight of the five-mile house. He owns a large farm, works fifty hands and might slaughter your hogs and haul them to Richmond at a less price than would be demanded in the city. Then go to Richmond, hunt up the Winegarners and other butchers and you will soon be able to decide what else to do." This proposition was agreed to. "My consort," said the Colonel, addressing himself to his wife and then to his daughters, "you must get up^a little party for our friends tomorrow night," which was at once agreed to. I then remarked to the Colonel that as we all were in rather ludicrous trim W be quartered in a gentleman's family and Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 53

totally unprepared to be seen at a fashionable.party I hoped he would allow me to take the hands to a tavern a mile or two distant. He said, "No, sir, no! You are as welcome to the hospitality of my house as my nephews and your 'hands' can be taken care of without trouble. They must not leave you. We are not surprised to see you in drover's costume, so I beg you, sir, to make yourself perfectly easy as if you were at home." I endeavored to do so. "When the next evening arrived the carriages began to drive up and before dark quite a large number of young ladies and gentlemen appeared. The house, a very spacious one, was filled with guests. The Colonel's oldest son had but recently commenced the practice of medicine and the second had returned from College but a few days before. They were very polite to me and gave me an introduction to the young gentlemen as they arrived. I took care to keep at a distance from the ladies and requested Dr. Curd to make a suitable apology for my declining the introductions which he did. After the dancing commenced Colonel Curd came into the room where I was sitting alone (the hands had retreated to Dr. Curd's office) and insisted upon my going into the dancing hall with him. I told him he must excuse me that I was not fond of dancing and to attempt to dance in my heavy boots was what I could not consent to do. The Colonel laughed heartily and said he would send some of the boys to keep me company. I told him not to do so that I did not desire to deprive any of the young men the society of the ladies. Soon, however, Dr. Curd and three of the young men came into the room and the Doctor gave me a more particular introduction to a Mr. Polk and Mr. R'andle and Mr. Shelton, graduates of Williams and Marys College or some other college. After some common place remarks the subject of farming, planting, stock growing, in Kentucky was introduced. I think they believed if I knew anything it would be about stock, and planting corn. I answered their questions which was not a very difficult matter, and when Dr, Curd invited me to the sideboard to take a glass of wine, having obeyed the summons, one of the young gentlemeri turned to me and said, "Mr. Trimble, is Kentucky in the United States?" Without much reflection, for I supposed he intended to insult me, I stepped back .and shut my fist ready to defend my State. But when I looked him in the eye I saw he Was in earnest and knew no better. My muscles relaxed in a moment and I replied that Kentucky was not only one of the States of the American Union but the first born of the fifteen and claimed Virginia as her mother. Dr. Curd seemed mortified for the young graduate and said in rather an undertone, "Did you not know Kentucky was one of the States of the Union?" "I had forgotten it," the young man said. Tom Lewis came in at that moment to join in a glass of wine and hearing my reply, tried to change the subject by inquiring: 54 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

''Can you tell me, gentlemen, who has the best breed of game cocks in Goochland County?" "Oh yes," said one, "Tom Pem- berton has the best in the State." This was doubted by one of the company Who thought Paul Carrington's breed was the best blood. So We had quite a discussion upon the subject of breeding and fighting chickens. Then upon fox hunting and horse racing in which our wag, Tom Lewis, took a full share. "Uncle Lewis," said Dr. Curd, "I noticed in your drove today a small pig. He looked old enough to be a hog, but no larger than a common pig a day old. Where did you get it?" "Oh, yes," said Lewis, "that was Tom Thumb, as we call him." "He was going on three legs," said the Doctor. "Yes," said Lewis, "well, I will tell all I know about the pig. He got into the drove near Dan­ ville, Ky. We caught him several times as we travelled on the first day and put him in fields by the roadside, but the little devil would get out and follow, and we concluded to let him go as far as he could and here he is! having travelled near six hundred miles." "Was he lame when you started?" "No. He met with a sad accident in the wilderness when the hogs had to live on mostly chestnuts and acorrts, as we could get no corn to feed them Tom Thumb soon learned (for he is the wisest of his kind I ever saw except the learned pig they had in Kentucky for a show); as I said, Tom had learned that he was in danger of being tramped to death when in the crowd of large hogs, and for a while he kept upon the outskirts of the drove. That position some­ times forced him into places difficult to pass. over. He then fell in the rear that would have suited him best but for the fact that the mast was so cleaned up by the front hogs that poor Tom was likely to starve%, so I picked him up one day and carried him forward and sat him down in the road several hundred yards ahead of the drove where there were plenty of nuts and there they left him. After that the pig kept ahead when the drove would overtake him. He would scamper on like a kitten and gain time to eat and rest if he needed it." "On one occasion he got hold of a horse chestnut. He gouged a hole in one side, and had eaten the kernel nearly out when the front of the drove came up. There was a large hog, a monster that we had to sell at Lynchburg, he weighed over 600 lbs. His feet were worn out and he could not travel farther, but when he came up- to the nut shell in which Tom Thumb was at work. Not knowing the pig was inside he took hold of the pig in his tremendous mouth and Tom found himself in a bad box. He squealed but it was too late. One of his forelegs was broken. It happened one of the hands had gone ahead to turn the drove off the road to camp for the night, and saw what had befallen the little pig. He took him in his arms and carried him to camp where we got some splinters and set his leg. So we carried him a few days until he was able to keep up and now, although he Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 55 limps, he can outtravel any hog in the drove. And if you had seen him swim James River yesterday at Carter's Ferry you would admit that he could not be beat." "James River!" ejaculated one of the company in astonishment, "I never heard of such a pig." "But," said the Doctor's uncle, Tom Lewis, "you spoke of a learned pig exhibited in Kentucky as a show. What could he do?". "He could spell any word," said Mr. Lewis, "you would name." "Could he talk," inquired some one." "No, but his owner and keeper had cards with the letters of the alphabet printed on them separately. These cards were placed in a circle on the flooro r platform. The pig was placed in the center of the circle, and his keeper kept outside of the ring.An y bystander could name a word to be spelled—say, Henry Clay. The pig was then directed by his keeper to spell Henry Clay. He would throw up his nose look around the ring of letters and march to 'H', pick it up and lay it down on a chalk line; then go to ''E,' take that up and lay it down on the chalk line to the right of the 'H' and so pursue this process until "Henry Cla", eight letters, were laid on the line." "Did you see this thing you describe, sir," asked the Doctor. "Yes, sir," said Mr. Lewis, "and a dozen other words spelled in the presence of a hundred spectators. By this time our room was about filled with young men from the dancing hall, listening to Tom Lewis' pig stories. I had taken no part in the game­ cock, fox or pig subjects, but Dr. Curd asked me if I had seen the learned pig described by his cousin Tom. I said I had not seen it but I had met several persons who had witnessed those feats of orthography. "Well! Well!" said someone, "you must have a superior breed of pigs in Kentucky to our Virginia pigs." "No, sir," said Tom, "they are better educated. The learned pig I have been telling about was raised in Connecticut where children are all educated, rich and poor alike, and the pig I have told you about was a pet, went to school with the children and there was taught to spell.. Your pigs hi Virginia run with the • little niggers and of course know nothing. If I had a Yankee schoolmaster I have no doubt my little Tom Thumb could be taught to spell or do anything that any other pig could do." The company all seemed deeply interested in Lewis' pig stories and parted from him reluctantly when the hour arrived for the invited guests to leave the house. The occurrences of the evening opened a new chapter for reflections: The question of negro slavery had been so fre­ quently discussed by our family that the arguments pro and con came to my mind that evening and I had the truth of some of my father's positions fully demonstrated. He maintained that great as the wrong of slavery was, the negro was not the only sufferer wherever it existed but that its tendency was to enervate the white race and that it would not only produce idle, dissolute 56 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

men, but that it would be unfavorable to moral or intellectual progress, and prove a curse wherever it existed, especially to the rising generation. On that evening I had seen and heard young men (my seniors) conversing on various topics, common to the country and not beyond the reach of common intellects even of ordinary cultivation, and although some of them were graduates of Colleges they were as ignorant of the extent and the history of the country in which they lived as the aborigines of the West and some of t^herii more so. And this in Virginia! My native State, the history of whose brave and superior people and their gallant traditions I had learned from nursery tales that made deep and strong impres­ sions upon my youthful mind. The names of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Henry, Lee, Marshall, etc., and their great achievements, had been household words and their memories that have been cherished with a feeling for greatness, their characters held up as models of intellectual worth and moral fulfillment. It was not strange that I should have felt the great pride I did in my native State. But the mortification to find in this Old Dominion, among the wealthy and educated, such unmistakable evidences of a decline in mental vigor and aspirations among the youth of this great and renowned com­ monwealth., I came to the conclusion that slavery made its impress upon the character of the people where it existed, and that the evils of African slavery would be cumulative and keep pace with the progress of the system. *- I left there for Richmond, reached there the five-mile house mentioned by Colonel Curd that night, and early the next morn­ ing mounted my horse arid rode to Major 's mansion. Nicholas Lewis admonished me to be on my guard if I called on this gentleman. He said he knew him well and that he was one of the most pompous aristocrats in Virginia. I rode up to his stile ten paces from his dwelling and seeing no one, I dis­ mounted, stepped to the door, and, upon knocking, a black boy came and opened the door. I inquired if Major was in. He said he was, but he wasn't yet out of bed. "Tell him," I said, "there is a gentleman here on business." I did not give him time to inquire my name but said I was cold and asked if he had a fire. "Yes sir," he said, "take a seat." He then went to tell the Major. I could hear the conversation between them: "Master, gent in room wants to see you." "Who is he?" "I don't know, sir." " What the devil did you let him in before he told you his name and business? Go and stay in the room until I come." It was fully a half hour before the Major entered, exhibiting one of the most austere, haughty looking Virginians I had ever seen. I rose, bowed slightly, a horse whip and my hat in hand. I said, "You are Major , I suppose. I am Allen Trimble, a young drover from Kentucky. I have a fine drove of hogs, and have been directed to inquire of you before

Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 57

going to Richmond. Having understood that you had a large family of negroes and an active overseer, I thought that you might possibly have made some arrangements for slaughtering of hogs at your farm and deliver them dressed in Richmond ort better terms than I could get it done in the city." I kept my eye on his countenance while I made my statement, and I saw that as soon as he comprehended my object his expres­ sion changed and before I finished my short address the Colonel had relaxed his features and come down to the attitude of a Virginia gentleman. "Why, sir," said he, "a drove of hogs from Kentucky! Come, sir, take a chair, astonishing! astonish­ ing! Why, yes, sir, I would like very much to have your hogs or a part of them slaughtered for the off all. Tom, go tell the overseer to come here instantly." Mrs. — then made her appearance. The Colonel gave me a very formal introduction, adding, "my dear, this young gentleman, Mr. Trimble, has a drove of fat hogs from Kentucky that will be here tonight." Mrs. had learned the value in the NS. She remarked, "that she hoped the enterprise would be profitable and that the trade would increase and raise the price of pork in Virginia." By this time the overseer was at' the outer door with, his hat under his arm, to learn the will of the Colonel who inquired of the overseer if he could make arrangements to slaughter a large number of hogs, stating where they were from, etc. After a few moments of reflection the overseer said, they would slaughter a portion of them and perhaps all but he would not say positively how many. I told the Colonel I did not wish to make a positive engagement until I went to the city that I would return that evening and let him know whether it would be most profitable to butcher in the city or country and prepared to leave but Mrs. said breakfast was ready and I must stay to breakfast. I did so. I have mentioned these occurrences at Colonel as an illustration of the character of a class of Virginia gentlemen as they were called, so opposite to that of Colonel Curd who was much the wealthiest man. I proceeded to Richmond and found it would be most to our interest to drive Our stock there. I concluded, however, that I was under some. obligation to Colonel for his second thought, hospitality and gentlemanly bearing, and consequently I left a small lot to be slaughtered at his farm. After selling our pork for $9.00 per head Mr. Lewis left imme­ diately for Kentucky, leaving me to settle and raise the money for our pork, and to follow him at my leisure. Mr. Lewis was sensible of his weak points of character, and to avoid meeting his old companions left Richmond as soon as possible. I remained in Richmond about ten days. During that time I met a Mr. Bell, originally from Augusta County, and an intimate acquaint­ ance of my family. He was a bachelor and engaged in specula­ tions in cattle, etc. He was very polite and kind to me; and 58 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

called one evening at my lodgings and.asked me to walk with him to the Baron as it was called, the terminus of the James River Canal, nearly a mile from our quarters. After strolling around the Baron, and dark approaching, I spoke of returning. He said he wished among the curiosities of the city to show me Geo. Frederick Straw's establishment, after which he wOuld accompany me to my lodging. Not suspecting the character of the house he was about to enter I followed Mr. B. -to a large three-story building,^. We were admitted at the door by a porter and I followed, my fjftnd up two flightso f stairs. He rapped at the door which was opened by a second porter or sentinel. Mr. B -was known and passed me in as his friend. There were probably thirty or forty well dressed men in the roofn standing round a table at least thirty feet long strewed with cards. There was a superior gentlemanly looking man richly dressed sitting at the head of the table shuffling a pack of cards; I discovered at once the character. That it was Geo; F. Straw's gambling house, the same George referred to by Lewis at Col. Curd's. I felt very uncomfortable. Mr. Bell saw I was disposed to leave but took me aside and said that I need not be alarmed. Mr: Straws was a gentleman and would not allow any improper conduct in his room and said we would not remain late and that he would accompany me to my quarters. < The game, "faro," as I learned, proceeded. Money in larger and larger sums was placed by persons around the table upon Cards that had been distributed. Mr. B placed one dollar upon a card and won an equal amount. I stood near him: He said to me, ''Put, a,dollar upon this card," pointing to it, and I obeyed him, not knowing whether it was his, Bell's, venture or mine. Straws shuffled his pack of cards and played out the game. One of the gamblers, for there were three of them, walked around the table, taking Up from the loosing cards the money deposited upon them and won by Straws and adding to the winning cards the amount,won by adventurers (as I soon learned) for I did not yet understand the game. My card was Winner and a dollar was added to my stake on firstventure . Mr. Straws again shuffled his cards and played the second game. The same process of taking up and putting down on loosing and winning cards as iri the first game, two dollars were added to the stake on my card making four dollars. The game or games con­ tinued until the sixth hand had been played, my card doubling each game, producing sixty-four dollars. Mr. B seeking a more lucky card, had changed his position at the table and was some distance from me but discovering the pile of dollars on my card, and supposing, which Was the fact, that I did not know I was Winner, came to me and said you had better take up your money. I inquired of him in a low tone if it was mine. "Cer­ tainly," said he, "your card has been —• from the begin­ ning," and deliberately pocketed the Specie, stepped back and Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 59

took a seat. Bell came to me and explained his reason for advising me to lift the money. He said he saw from Straws' eye that he would change my luck and probably the next game would be his when I would have to double the stake and in place of taking up I would have to add sixty-four dollars to the pile. I thanked him for his advice and proposed leaving, for I was satisfied that not only Mr. Straws but the company looked upon me as a "green horn", as I was in such associations. And I felt some uneasiness when I contemplated my situation, sur­ rounded by gamblers with the proceeds of a drove in bank notes buttoned round my body and a total stranger except to Mr. Bj—:—who, I discovered, was using brandy freely and I feared would soon be incapable of taking care of himself. At this moment a great noise below and numerous footsteps ascending the stairs caused a dead silence and the extinguishing of the lights in the room in which Straws and his guests were. Within, everything was as silent as death and dark as a dungeon. The officer with his paper (for it-was the police in search of gamblers) tapped at the door which was locked and strongly barred and demanded entrance but no response was given. The owner of the house expostulated with the officers, swearing that Straws and his party were not there, and invited them down to the bar. Then they retired but left us in durance vile until the party below got their carousal for the landlord would not allow any quarters to be lighted until the police had retired. I think we had been one hour in the prison (an hour of deep reflection), when lights were brought. I determined to leave and took B by the arm and requested him to accompany me. He did so with great reluctance for he had been loser and hoped to regain his losses. We left at eleven o'clock in a darkness which I never witnessed. We had not gone more than a square until he met a patrol who hailed us. We continued in silence. Bell in front. The officers ordered us to halt. A second patrol arrived meeting Bell on the sidewalk, attempted to take hold of him, but missed him, when B knocked him down and ran across _ the street, the other patrol after him. I was in the rear and" stepped into an alley, losing sight or sound of B . I found my way alone to my quarters. I went to bed but sleep had departed from my eyes. A thousand thoughts rushed through my mind. The escape I had made from loss of character (which would have resulted.from being caught by the police and locked up as a night rambler in the round house among thieves and robbers), the loss of money which would have ruined Mr. Lewis, my partner, and myself, and last though not least the danger of ruin to soul as well as body by such improper acts and associa­ tions. I thought of my family and friends, especially my mother, how they would be pained to know what had occurred that night, and "the impression was deeply made on my mind that my mother was praying at the very time I was in the 60 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

gambling house; praying to the Most High, for my preservation from harm and crime. I was melted into tears and believing as I did, that through her prayers I had been preserved I made a vow that I would never again enter a gambling house, or other immoral establishments, and I can now say* that vow has had its influence upon my whole life. Mr. B calleds to see me the next morning and apologized for his conduct. I told him it was the firstadventur e of the kind I had made and I had determined it should be the last. My business affairs were closed that day and I left the next day for Augusta County where I spent a few weeks with my relatives and then travelled to Kentucky in February. The roads were very deep and water high. I had no company. It was a lonely trip and one incident only seems worthy of remark. I rode from Kentucky a very "uncommon looking horse, black as a crow, short necked, and cropped or foxed ears. I carried a brace of pistols in holsters on the front of my saddle, under a very black bear skin cover. I was therefore, recognized when I reached the road upon which we travelled our drove as "the .little Kentucky drover," and one occurrence on the journey had given me and my horse additional notoriety. A few miles south of Abington, Va., on Holston River, passing a farm house a furious dog sprang out and stopped the drove, seizing one of the hogs and tearing it severely. One of the hands ran up and struck the dog a severe blow two men who stood in the yard looking on with perfect in difference until the dog was stricken, sallied out with clubs and attacked Lewis. At that moment I rode up, drew a pistol, cocked it and told the foremost man who had his club raised, and my pistol cocked when the three other hands came up with rocks and clubs, the dog and his masters said they were overmatched and retreated, the meii pouring out curses and threats of a prosecution for threatening to shoot, etc. We gathered up our scattered drove and travelled on\ without further detention. We understood through travellers who passed us and had heard of the affray that those men followed us to Abington for the purpose of having us arrested but were advised not to attempt it. As I have stated Mr, Lewis and the hands left me in Rich­ mond, and preceded me some weeks on their way to Kentucky. They lodged at a country tavern where we had the difficulty with the dog and his masters and the affair was spoken of and inquiry was made as to what had become of the little fellow who drew a pistol. Mr. Lewis said he Was left in Richmond to close up the business, etc., and would be on in a few weeks. The landlord said it would not be good for him to fall into the hands of the men referred to, especially if he had money. Well, on my way out I stopped for breakfast at Abington. I offered to the landlord •Governor Trimble muit have been seventy vears of ace when he wrote this manu• script. Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 61

a five dollar bill, out of which he took price of my breakfast and horse feed. He looked at it slightly and handed it back saying it is a counterfeit. I told him I thought he must be mistaken, but took it and handed him another of same amount. He said, "Why, sir, this is also counterfeit," (handing it back) and add­ ing, "You seem to have plenty of counterfeit notes." I told him I doubted the correctness of his judgment, that my paper money had been examined by the cashier of the Bank of Virginia and pronounced good. He said the notes I offered him were not Virginia paper, and that he would take no other. I felt some­ what embarrassed and much provoked, but concluded that I would take a Virginia note from my belt, not having one in my pocket. I unbuttoned my vest and took off my bandage or belt, opened it, and took out a ten dollar bill, and handed to him, and asked if that was counterfeit. He looked at it, mut­ tering that it might be; as I seemed to have a good supply,, he would like to look at another. I made no reply, but tied up my belt, took the note out of his hand and stepped across the street •to King & Co.'s store, and asked the clerk if he would change a ten dollar bill for me, handing him the bill. He said they were .scarce of change. I told him wha't had occurred at the Tavern, that I was a traveller and stranger and. would take it as a great favor if he would change that, or one of the $5.00 notes which I showed him, repeating that the Tavern keeper had p'ronounced both counterfeit. He said they were not counterfeit, but on Northern Banks, and not so current a3 Virginia paper, and he changed one of them. I thanked him, returned to the Tavern, ordered my horse, paid my bil(l, and in the midst of a crowd of rough looking men and. boys who had collected to see the boy who had offered to pass counterfeit money, of which he had a great quantity, (for that was the news spread through the town), I told the Tavern keeper I thought it probable I-,would travel that route again, and if I did, I would know where not to stop. My horse was at the door, so I mounted and proceeded on my journey. It was Sunday. Reflecting as I rode, solitary and alone, upon the occurrence of the morning, the thought struck me that I was breaking the Sabbath 'and would perhaps suffer additional punishment for the crime. Wrhilst I was meditating and hunting for an excuse, two men rode at a rapid pace past me, and their appearance and manner increased my apprehen­ sions that the end was not yet. f*Ttelt that I had been indiscreet in opening my belt of bank notes in such a place as the Tavern, and thought it not improbable that the men who passed me, had knowledge of the occurrence, and were going ahead Of me in order to select a suitable place to rob me. I^was so deeply impressed with this idea,, that I examined my pistols and pre­ pared for an attack. The delay at Abington of near half a day, broke in upon the day's journey and would prevent me reaching my desired lodging place that night by some twenty miles; and 62 Autobiography of Allen Trimble

the fact that nightfall would bring me near the place where the occurrence with the dog and his master, on our way from Ken­ tucky, took place, added to my keen apprehensions of danger. If there had been a suitable place to stop, I would have put up at once, but there was none, and I travelled on, increasing the speed of my horse, hoping to reach before night, a house some five or six miles beyond the house where the row with the dog took place, but the road was intolerably bad, and I only reached this ever-to-be-remembered place about sundown! The road passed near the house, through a long lane, at the end of which the road made a bend to the right almost at right angles, and soon entered a thick forest with much underbrush, and I had a presentiment that I would be attacked in this thick brushwood, which continued for several miles. As I approached the house referred to—a large log building with a front porch—I saw several persons on the porch, looking at me as I passed the house. They recognized me, and two men stepped around the house with guns in their hands, and soon were seen going at a rapid walk or half-run through a field, in the direction of the thick wood I have mentioned, which they could reach in going half a mile; whilst I would have to double the dis­ tance to reach the same point. I felt my heart beat quicker, I put my horse to a lively trot until I reached the edge of the 6 wood; when I put him at the,top of his speed. It was getting dark and I proceeded at this gait, as near as I could judge, about half a mile, when I heard a noise on my right hand like animals or persons running through brush. I spurred on my horse, expecting eveiy moment to be intercepted or fired upon. After gaining about two hundred yards I reigned up my horse and looked back, and saw a man enter the road, near where I' heard the noise. The thought then struck me that the other person was attempting to head me, and I again, for a mile, rode rapidly, when I regulated the speed of rny horse to the condition of the road and.his ability to carry me all right, for I had.determined not to stop, unless forced to do so, short of the stand twenty miles in advance, where I had intended to lodge if I had not been detained at Abington. It was a dark and cold night, but feeling that I had made a providential escape thus far, and that, additional effort was nec­ essary to insure safety, I rode without suffering, and I thought my noble horse was animated by the same spirit of endurance, for he had never travelled more freely. We reached the stand referred to, about two o'clock in the morning'. The landlord was much surprised, to be aroused so early, and when I told him I had travelled all night, and mentioned some of the reasons, (withholding the' relation of my imprudence in exhibiting my belt and money), he said I had made a fortunate escape. The following Winter I travelled the same road in company with half a dozen persons. I stopped at Rosses' Iron Works, Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 63

. fen miles south of Abington, for the night, and met an old friend and acquaintance, Mr. Hopkins, Rosse's agent. I mentioned the occurrence that happened the year before, at Abington, and •' my night ride to reach a place of safety. He said I was very indiscreet in exhibiting my money to such a company of ruffians, and he thought my escape was a marvelous one, adding tha,t there had been more robberies committed on that road between B Station and Staunton than On any other road in the U. S. of same length, and added that although they had some rough characters about the Iron Works, they were far superior to the population along, the road I had travelled the day referred to west of Abington.- It comprehended a part of the border country of Washington, Va., and Hawkins, Tennessee, settled especially along the road with hunters and trappers, who since the game disappeared, were stinted for the necessaries of life and made a precarious living by selling whiskey and oats to travellers, and robbing when they could, and might properly be called border ruffians. • It may be that my apprehensions of danger were not well founded, but I have never doubted, that I was recognized at Abington, as the young man who drew a pistol upon the owner of the dog; that the men who passed me went in advance* to give notice of my approach, and that a plan was concocted at the house from which the two men started, to intercept me in the forest and rob me. Let that be as it may, the occurrence deeply impressed upon my mind the importance of remembering the Sabbath Day, for although I felt justified in travelling rather than to stop at any house upon the road, yet I had a relative some miles from Abington and only five or six miles from the road, with whom I could have spent the' day, but my desire to get home was so strong that I reasoned myself into the propriety qf travelling on the Sabbath, I also learned the folly of letting strangers, especially ruffians, know that I carried money on my person. < Nothing worthy of remarks occurred during the balance of my journey. When I arrived at home, April, 1804, I learned that father had set his slaves free and had gone with a wagon loaded -with farm implements' and some laborers, to build a house. I remained a few days, during which time he communicated to me fully his purpose, 'and plans for the settlement of his family in Ohio, and directed me to return to the family and prepare for removal in the fall of the year. The firstassigne d Was to go to Tennessee and sell a tract of land he owned ih that state, then employ myself in attending to the family, and preparing the farm stock for sale in the fall, as he designed selling as much . stock as would, with the sale of the Tennessee land, pay for the land he had recently purchased from General Calmes, amounting to $3,600, which was to be paid in one year. When I arrived at the homestead in Kentucky my first thought was to examine the 64 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

stock of horses, cattle, etc., and make an estimate.of their value in order to see how far it would go towards paying the debt to Calmes. The horse stock was the most valuable. There were about 25 head, some of them very fine, among which was a brood mare worth $200; and some very promising colts, for one of which $300 had been refused. I estimated the stock of horses to be sold, say 21 head, (leaving four to go to Ohio), at $2,000. Twenty head of cattle, principally steers from two to four years, at $300. Leaving $1,300 to be raised for the Tennessee land and other sources. I felt confident the engagement with Calines could be met, without difficulty. I mounted one of the finest horses on the farm and started to Tennessee; On the morning of the second day I found my horse travelled badly, was dull and sluggish. I soon discovered that he was taking the distemper; after riding five miles I was satisfied he would not perform the journey in a reasonable time. While reflecting whether I would hire a horse or turn back, I discovered a man on horseback approaching me. I immediately when he came up, enquired whether he would sell, hire or exchange his horse? He hesitated. I told him I was on a journey, my horse was taking the distemper and I feared he would not be able to travel; he dismounted, examined my horse and' remarked very cooiy that my horse had the glanders, but if I would give him a little boot, to buy med­ icine to cure him he would exchange, although my horse if well, was worth $190 and his not more in appearance than $75. I gave\him $6, the boot required, and pushed on my journey. I found my new horse a fine traveller. I rode him that day 40 miles, and the next"42 miles. I examined the land the third day, riding over it the fourth day, started homeward, and rode my new horse 87 miles, from Carry's settlement on Green Rive; to Danville. He turned out to be the best traveller I ever owned, and I am confident he could have carried me 100 miles in one day. When I got home I found several of our young horses diseased, running at the nostrils and swelling of the limbs. In a few, weeks a very fine colt died ,then another and another, until the stock was reduced to five head. The distemper proved to be glanders of the worst virulent character and was caught from a glandered horse of a travelling friend being kept in our stable during a single night. My father, when I left him in Ohio, instructed me not to plant corn on the home farm, as it was only a profitable crop when used on the premises, and as he was determined to remove in the fall, we should not need it; but as it appeared from the loss of our horses, the sale of which was relied upon mainly to raise money to pay the debt to Calmes, that we might not be able to leave Kentucky that year, I determined, after consultation with my mother to plant a fieldo f fifteen acres in corn. Fortunately our work horses escaped the glanders. I was, therefore, enabled to raise a good crop of corn which turned out to be a very fortunate thing for us. Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 65

Father had left special instructions, that On my return, I should visit him without delay, for the purpose of receiving his instructions, for the future. I only rested a few days before I set out for Ohio. I found my father in the midst of a dertse forest, encamped on a tract of land, purchased from General Calmes of Kentucky. He had several men at work, preparing timber for a house, and clearing a spot for an apple orchard. The trees for planting he had taken out with him. This was among the first orchards planted in Highland County, from which num­ berless grafts were in a few years furnished to M.r. Murphy, a nurseryman, who supplied the emigrants to Highland County and adjoining counties, with the celebrated Never-fail apples, then called Robinsons, for the man in Kentucky who was cele­ brated as an orchardist, and first introduced this unsurpassed Winter apple in that State. Father had for many years before he set his slaves free, refrained from hard work, and exposure. When he went to Ohio to prepare a residence for his family he worked more than he had been accustomed to do, which, with the exposure, brought on an attack of bilious fever, from which he recovered so far as to be able to return to his family in Kentucky. . But, alas! had a relapse and died on the — day of September, 1S04. This sad event seemed to derange all our plans, for the future. My mother, although a woman of much firmness of purpose, and possessed of a capacity for the performance of all the duties which appertained to her province, had never troubled herself about her husband's affairs; she was therefore unprepared for the position she was then forced to occupy. No will having been made or provision for the payment of the debt to Calmes, it became a serious question, how and from what source this debt could be met. I was yet a minor, and it was understood that General Calmes desired to administer on the estate; this I determined to prevent. I therefore visited my mother's brother, Wm. Allen, and pre­ vailed upon him to take out letters of Administraton, in order to prevent Calmes, pledging myself, so soon as I became twenty-one years of age, to relieve him, and take upon myself, the settlement of the estate. Not anticipating the disaster that had befallen the family by the loss of its head, I had, with my father's consent, engaged with a Mr. Bell, our neighbor, to purchase (with him), a second drove of hogs, for the Richmond market. The purchases were made before father's death. I had made money on the first drove, and felt confident of doing better on the second, and as we were left in a situation to require all the money we could raise, mother and the family united on me, complying with my engagement with Mr. Bell. Brother William, who had been absent at school, returned and remained with the family during the Winter. * I find letter from Marquis Calmes, the old General referred to, among the correspond­ ence of Governor Trimble. 66 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

About the 20th of October we started our drove, 500 head of fine hogs, for Richmond by the Kanawha route, striking the Ohio River at the mouth of the Big Sandy, theri through Lea's Valley, to the mouth of Coal, then uj* the Kanawha to the mouth of Ganley, where we took the mountains, Ganlo, Albanya, Warm Springs, north and south, via Lewisburg, Staunton, and Char- loftsville, to Richmond. I left the drove with Mr. Bell, at Staunton, and proceeded to Richmond, where I met Mr. Wm. Bell, (to whomj have before referred), the brother of my partner, who was of much service in effecting sales. After the arrival of the herd, we were detained only three days in making sale, and on the 4th was on our way homeward. We each had relatives in Augusta, with whom we spent a few days. Mr. Bell had, in consideration of the estimate he pu^ upon my experience and activity as a drover, agreed to furnish two hands and a horse to pack our provisions, requiring me to furnish but one driver; he took two of his slaves and I hired a man, who had been freed by father. While in Augusta, on our way home; Mr. Bell bought a third horse arid mounted both his servants. I had but one horse for myself and boy, but as Frederick was strong and active, and I was a pretty good walker, I concluded we would take it "a-foot" by turns and keep up with our company. I, therefore, resisted the importunity of friends to buy another horse, alleging as an excuse, that we would have use for every dollar I could make, or save to pay our debt to General Calmes. The night before we started there .fell a heavy snow. We, however, met in the morning at a brother's.of Mr. Bell's, four miles from Staunton. This brother, David Bell, was added to our party. We started, the horsemen in front, (five in number), breaking the snow, and* my man, Frederick, in the rear on foot. We were near Staunton where Major Crawford, (whose wife was my mother's sister), overtook us. He said he had concluded, that in the .condition of the road, it would.be impossible for me to get my boy to Ky. afoot, arid he had ordered one of his servants to follow with a horse for Frederick, adding, that he appreciated my motives for saving my funds, and he could very well spare the animal furnished. I might sell it or keep it, as I pleased, and not trouble myself to return the animal or its value. / I need not say, that I felt my heart warmed towards my Uncle Crawford, and his noble wife, (for he said, "Becky would not think of let­ ting me go home on half-a-horse"), and he lost nothing by this act of kindness. Frederick was therefore mounted, and on -we went through snow knee-deep, in many places, to our horses, for the first sixty miles, after which the road became smooth and slippery. At Ross Iron Works, on Holston, I exchanged Major Crawford's animal for another that proved unmanageable. Frederick could not ride him. I thought I could, and mounted' him. I had ridden but a few miles when he attempted to take the bridle bit Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 67

in his teeth, and dart off. I gave him a sudden and severe jerk, which threw him off his feet (it was on an icy piece of road, and he was smooth shod). He fell suddenly and caught my right foot and leg under him, putting my ankle out of place, and breaking one bone of my leg. This accident happened fifteen miles east of Beans Station, in Tennessee, to which place I was compelled to ride before my limb could be even examined; pulling off -my boot, a new and strong one, brought my ankle in place. The foot and leg were much bruised. The first application was cold water, afterwards vinegar and salt. I slept none that night. The next morning my companions and the servants left me and Frederick at Gowens, where I remained some four weeks before I was able to sit upon my horse, and when I started it was thought I would not be able to proceed more than a day without rest. But I kept company with some travellers from Beans Station to Kentucky without further accident, for although the road over this mountainous region was like a lake of ice, and extremely dangerous, my own riding horse never missed a foot, or made a false step. When we arrived at the Kentucky River the ice which had formed a bridge, over the river, had broken up and was running. The ferryman refused to attempt crossing, but said there was a ferry kept some two miles above him, at a bend in the river, where we might possibly cross. With much difficulty we> reached this point, but the ferryman here also, was afraid to venture. I sat upon my horse, watching the floating masses of ice. At length there appeared an opening, and I urged the ferry­ man to make the attempt to put us over, and he ^consented. Several of the onlookers came to his aid, arid with great effort, they landed us on the opposite shore. The next day I reached home. The family had suffered much uneasiness on my account, not having heard from me from, the time Mr. Bell left me at Gordens'. My foot and ankle were much swollen and inflamed; I had suffered much from pain, losing sleep, and exposure, and was much emaciated. But good nursing and rest, enabled me , soon -to lay by one crutch, and to walk with the aid of a staff only. I had only been at home a few days, when Geh, Calmes paid me a visit. During my absence he had sent messages to my mother, calculated to discompose her mind and annoy her, at which I felt provoked and blamed him mildly. He said he was aware that Capt. Allen had obtained authority to sell our horiie farm, but had refused to do anything until my return, when he expected (as I was then of age), to surrender the business of settling my father's estate, to me, and he wished to know'by what means I expected to raise money to pay his debt which would 3oon be due and which he would expect to be punctually paid, etc. His manner was in harmony* with his conversation, from which I understood we were to have no indulgence. I told 68 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

the General that as soon as I got a few days' rest, I would write to the administrator, Captain Allen, and make arrangements to call a court, and relieve him at once, and take upon myself the labors and responsibility of settling my father's estate; that I had not examined the law authorizing the administrator to sell lands, but would do so; but as I understood Capt. Allen had acted, (so far as he had progressed), in accordance with the advice of Mr. Clay, I would in my actions be governed by Mr. Clays' counsels. The General said he did not know what the devil we wanted with a lawyer: it was a plain business, we owed him $3,600, and the Legislature had authorized the administrator to sell lands in Kentucky and pay the debt. He said he had concluded, in order to save us the trouble and expense of selling the land, (the home farm of 500 acres), he would give us up father's bond for the farm. I told him I would think of his proposition, but that I hoped to do better than accept it, and added, that I was strongly inclined to make an effort to raise the money due him, without selling our home farm, that I had made some money during the two past years, and I thought my experience and the credit I had gained for punctuality would enable me to do better in the future, than I had done. He said, he hoped I would be punctual in the payment of his debt; I told him I thought I would have a double duty to perform: first, to consult the interests of the estate, and secondly, the legal rights of creditors'. The latter to be represented and secured, but not at a sacrifice of the former. That he might rest satisfied that his debt would be paid, but at what time, was a question I could not then answer. He became much excited, swore most profanely that he would sue out a writ of mandamus, to force me to sell the lands, and pay his claim when due; I told him that he would not find that a single-handed game;, and he left in bad temper. This was in February. On the first Monday in March, being March term of Woodford County Court, Captain Allen resigned, and I was appointed administrator and guardian.ior my brothers and sisters, seven in number. I immediately gave notice that the tract of land of which we had 500 acres, highly improved, was for sale," and that time would be given for the deferred payments of three-fourths the purchase money. As soon as General Calmes saw this publication, he visited me a second time. I gave him no satisfaction, arid informed him when he left,that the messages he had sent to my mother during my absence were unnecessary, and that judging from the past, I had concluded his further visitations would not be desirable; that when I was prepared to make a proposition to him, I would call on him, etc. He requested rne to call on him at as early a day as possible. I determined to plant as much corn as I could possibly have worked, and to purchase with Mr. Bell another drove of hogs; and succeeded in raising an extraordinary^crop of corn, and fattening a fine lot'of hogs. Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 69

I had during the Spring, several applications for the purchase of our farm, the question of interest on deferred payments pre­ vented a sale. Calmes became alarmed for he was anxious to get the farm; and sent me word, that he would rather than have payment of his debt, take our farm at $5,000, provided I would take the difference, say $1,400 in land, which he still held in Ohio, and requested me to call and see him. I did so, and made him a proposition, to-wit: To give him our home farm for $5,000 to be paid in the bond he held for $3,600 and the balance to be paid to us in lands in Ohio, to be equal in sale and value, per acre, to the lands sold to my father in Highland. After a good deal of hampering, he agreed to consider my proposition, and give an answer in ten days. I was satisfied he would accept, as he did, about the 1st of August, and by the 1st of September, I collected all the hogs I had, engaged and turned them out on my corn. My mother then insisted that I should start on my trip to Richmond, Va., sell my drove, and then remove with the family to Ohio, so soon as we could make ready. Mr. Bell was not willing to venture alone with, the drove, and we sold out at home, to Mr. Thomas Hart, of Lexington. The removal of our family from Kentucky to Ohio, had always been, until my father's death, of questionable propriety with mother, but after she became a widow, she often said she felt that Divine Providence had punished her for not yielding a hearty assent to the wishes of her husband, upon the subject, and now she felt that it was her duty to carry out his purposes as far as in her power and no inducement could have been offered that would have tempted her to remain in Kentucky. I had, until the death of my father, entertained the hope that our Kentucky home farm would not be sold, but reserved to retreat to, if Ohio should prove unhealthy, or otherwise unsatis­ factory to the family; but after father's death I came to the conclusion that as mother was determined to remove to Ohio, it would be to our interest to preserve our Ohio lands, sell out in Kentucky, and leave nothing to fall back upon. AAd that in this view of the matter, it would be my duty to acoompany the family, to the new "home prepared for us, in Ohio and remain with our mother as long as she desired we should. In this senti­ ment the entire family concurred. As soon, therefore, as the contract was made with Mr. Calmes, we went to the work of preparation, and by the — of October, 1805, were on our way to Ohio, (Brother William and James remained in Kentucky at School.) We reached Maysville, 75 miles from our late residence; on the evening of the third day and the teams and our riding horses crossed the Ohio, at and to Aberdeen, leaving mother, sisters and myself, in Maysville, for the sake of better accommodations. We were to be put over in a skiff early the next morning. I rose early and found Maysville enveloped in a dense fog. Anxious to 70 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

join pur company I prevailed on the ferryman to launch his light vessel, and endeavor to put us across the river. It was as dark as a thick fog could make it. After rowing fifteen or twenty min­ utes I saw the oarsman was frightened. He had taken in his oars, and our little barge was floating as we all thought, up stream, and we were lost. We heard dogs barking, and cow bells ringing; but could not tell to which side of the river they belonged. After rowing and floatingfo r three hours, we landed two miles below the Ferry, on the Kentucky side of the river. By the time we got to the point from where we started, the fog had been so far dissipated, that he succeeded in reaching the Opposite shore at Aberdeen. Our teamsters and part of the family had waited for us, wondering what had happened. When they saw the skiff approach the shore they all ran down to enquire what the matter was. _•' Cary, after seeing that his mother, sisters and myself were safe, enquired "Where is Turk?" (a favorite dog.) We supposed he had crossed with the teams, but he had not. One of the teamsters said he saw him 'follow us up the bank to the tavern. We requested the ferryman to make enquiry, and if the lost dog was found to keep him until Mr. Allen one of the teamsters returned, but "Turk" was not there, but we after­ wards learned that the morning of the 4th, after he left our farm residence this dog was found at daylight upon the door step of our nearest neighbors and brother-in-law's, Hugh Allen, having travelled in the night from Maysville, 75 miles. There was no doubt as to the time he left us, but I supposed it possible Mr. Allen and family might have been mistaken as to the day he 'was first seen, at his door, but .when I afterwards saw Mr. Allen and family I was satisfied they were correct. We left our old home on Monday morning, arrived at Maysville, Thursday evening, the dog with us, and on Thursday morning he was at Hugh Allen's door. * We arrived at our new home in Highland County, on the fifth day from the departure from our old one. The country from the Ohio in Aberdeen to Highland County was thinly settled by immigrants, principally from Kentucky. The houses on the road were few and far between, and the country, compared with Kentucky, poor and cheerless. Our ride from the Ohio River presented nothing to inspire our hopes of improving our condi­ tion. Mother, sister and myself were on horseback, and in advance of the teams. I fell into a train of thought about the condition the sisters would be placed in—the want of society, and schools, the privations, and exposures, to which they would be subjected. I mentioned the subject to mother. She said we ought not to despair, and make ourselves unhappy with such thoughts. There was a promise to the fatherless and widow, upon which she relied with an unshaken faith. "Let us do our duty,' my son, and fear not, and all will be well. We have our Bibles, and a little library of choice books. We can improve our Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 71

minds at home, and have a society qf our own, should we find no other." Mary,* the younger sister, who had been in favor of our removal from the moment the subject was firstdiscusse d in the family, joined mother, but Margaret, the older, concurred with me in opinion." We were disputing the matter when we arrived in sight of Clear Creek Valley, our future home. It was the first richlan d of any exterit we had seen in Ohio, The lofty sugar trees, Walnut and ash, which Covered the lowlands, reminded us of the growth on our rich Kentucky iands. The transition from poor looking oak ridges to rich land, was so sudden that mother (although she had heard father and me speak of Clear Geek lowlands), reigned up her horse to take a bird's-eye view and survey of the valley. She exclaimed: "Why! my son, this is equal to Kentucky. This is a beautiful valley. I am delighted with its appearance, and now feel more than ever how much we are indebted to the wis­ dom of your father, for the selection he has made of a home for his family, and although we have been led to it 'by a way we knew not,' and against our will, and at what we have regarded as a great sacrifice, we should now not only cease to murmur, but cultivate a feeling of gratitude, and rejoice in the wise dispensa­ tion of Providence, which has led us to this free country, arid this lovely spot, selected with so much judgment for our future home." By tfts.time we arrived nenr Mr. Thos. Swearingen's Cabin, on the road to our own, which was in sight. The family recog­ nized me, and ran out hailing us as their future neighbors and friends,, and insisted on our dismounting and remaining with them until our cabin was emptied (for it 'was used as a crib for the corn raised on the land cleared,by father). The teams drove to our corn crib. Mother and the family remained all night at our neighbor .Swearingen's, whose wife was one of the best, if not the very best house-keeper in the county, Everything bore the appearance of comfort. The cabin was neatly furnished, the logs hewed, floored with boards of blue ash, hewed smooth on the upper side, and white as split brooms, sand and water could make it. A large chimney made of lathes, clay and wood, and apparently capacious for a log-fire that, would warm the whole • house; and around-which a dozen persons could sit or be seated, leaving a corner forcookin g operations. Mrs. Swearingen soon demonstrated her superior skill in getting up a hearty meal, for a large family. I shall never forget the supper she arid her daughter prepared for us. And how much it was relished by the hungry travellers. The bill-of-fare deserves to be rendered: Fried ham and eggs, Irish potatoes, boiled with the skins on, butter, corn-bread, home made molasses, * Dr. Thomas Nelson of Richmond, Va., brother of the Mr. Xelson who married General Trimble's sister Mary, wrote in the years 183.7-38 about political matters in Virginia in a .very clever and interesting fashion, and in speaking of other matters he refers'to the fact that he had recovered his health from the use of boiled milk, arrowroot and toasted bread, and could now walk miles. 72 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

and coffee, each article the very best of its kind. A clean table cloth, blight pewter plates, and dishesT—all in keeping with the furniture, including the wardrobe of the family. WThen the unaffected hospitality of the family, and kindness was added to the unmistakable evidence of comfort, and thrift, we could not but be favorably impressed with the value of our new acquaint­ ances, as future neighbors. They proved themselves all we would desire as neighbors, and an intimacy and friendship then com­ menced that has been perpetuated between the families to the second and third generation. The cabin was emptied of corn that night, and prepared for our entrance the next morning. We were visited the next day by other settlers: Mr. Hill, Wilson, Evans, etc., all of whom expressed great regard for father; and that they were much pleased to see the family in Ohio, and pledged their good offices as neighbors. After arranging matters for the comfort of the family during the winter, I left to close' and settle a land transaction, between my father and Jas. McNair of Tennessee. On my return through Kentucky I concluded to attend to another matter that I had for some time contemplated; and in January, 1806, I married Margaret McDowell, daughter of Gen. Joseph McDowell,^ of North Carolina, deceased, whose widow and family then resided in Kentucky. We arrived at our Highland home in January, and I continued to live with my mother, who received and treated her daughter-in-law, as a valuable accession to her household. We lived together as one family, having a common interest, and we lived happily. The want of Society such as we had enjoyed in Kentucky was the greatest privation we had to endure. Mother would frequently say: "Have patience, dear children, we have the Bible, let us improve the blessings we have, and the Lord wall send us such other aids as we may stand in need of," Not long after this conversation took place, James Hoge (now Dr. Hoge), a young clergyman, the son of a school­ mate, and dear friend, of my mother, (a Miss Rose), came to see us. I had met him in Virginia, in 1802, and recognized him, although he was much altered, by ill health. We were all delighted to have such a visitor; and although he was unable to preach, on account of bad health, his society, although an invalid that required nursing, was highly prized. He owned land in Highland which he wished to improve, some ten miles from us, but he spent a good share of his time with our family. And during this year the Rey. James Quinn, a talented Meth­ odist preacher, whose circuit comprehended the quarter part of Southern Ohio, called at our cabin, and made himself known to the family. He said he had heard of us and had seen mother at a meeting at Fitzpatricks' and had called to make our acquaint­ ance. I was absent and mother had gone to a rieighbor's,bu t

Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 73 soon returned and welcomed this Gospel messenger to her home. She had heard him preach at Fitzpatrick's, seven miles distant, and was pleased with the simplicity of his manner, and the good- sense and deep piety manifested in hik sermon, just such a character as she desired to have visit her family. In the evening after I came home our family (including some work hands), was collected and mother decreed her brother Quinn to give us a religious lecture. He read a chapter, gave out a hymn which was started by mother, who was a superior singer, and joined by my wife, arid sisters, all of whom sang well. The minister seemed to inspire the little, family, and the music also seemed to impress the little gathering agreeably, especially the preacher who, after an earnest appeal to Almighty God, (in which the widow and her orphan children were referred to), for the pardon of our sins, and for the enlightening and purifying influence, of the gospel to be extended to "Earth's remotest bounds," gave an exhortation of perhaps half an hour. The family were all deeply.affected. My Wife had, .with her mother, and one or two of her sisters, joined the Methodist Church seven years before we were married; but had withdrawn for the purpose, as I understand, of uniting with the Presbyterian Church, but which she did not dp. She now* felt that she had no religion, and was in great distress of mind at the thought of her hopeless condition, during the greater part of the night. In the morning, while Mr. Quinn was engaged in family prayer, she shouted "Glory to God, he has pardoned my backslidings, and received me again to his favor. 0, what love! Glory be to His name forever, and ever!" This visit and its results made a deep and lasting impression upon us all, and endeared this-holy man of God to our family while he lived; and to his memory as a wise and pure man, who had not lived in vain, but accomplished that for which he was sent, And he died in triumph. It imy not be out of place to add, that I had travelled from Chillicothe some six miles with Mr. Quinn some time before he came to our house. We were, strangers, but engaged in con­ versation. I admired his horse, and asked him if he was not afraid to ride so good and fine an animal in a new country? He said it required a good horse to carry him, and he supposed there were few horse thieves mean enough to steal a horse from a poor Methodist preacher. We soon learned each other's names. He said he had heard of our family and regretted very much the death of my father. The fact of his setting his slaves free had given him a wide-spread reputation, especially among the Methodists. But he said this to us apparently severe dispensa­ tion of Providence, might result much less injuriously to the family's welfare than we apprehended. He asked me if I pro­ fessed religion? I told him, No. He said I must not neglect so important a matter, adding that lie felt quite sure, there was a large stock of prayer laid up for me, and I ought to improve such a precious legacy. 74 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

We now had Methodist preaching every four weeks, and Mr. Hoge's company occasionally, which rendered our situation quite tolerable, as to religious privileges. I had commenced clearing land with one or two hired hands; I soon discovered that I could not make rails and grub with the hands of this country. I had been raised to work, but our slaves in Kentucky had the" heavy, rough work on our farm, (clearing land), done before I grew up. At harvesting, plowing, and securing the crop, I had made a full hand, when able to work; but as before remarked, I was unmatured several years. About this time I found some emplo3rment as a surveyor, at $2.00 per day; this suited me.much better than making rails, which I could hire hands to do, at fiftycent s ($.50) per day; in addition to which it gave me an opportunity ,6f gaining an acquaintance with non-surveyed lands arid their owners, which proved to be of great service to me, in a pecuniary point of view. During this year William and James made a visit and in a family consultation it was concluded that we would take steps to effect a division of our Ohio lands, our mother having relin­ quished her dower in our Kentucky lands, without any consid­ eration. We agreed to lay off 240 acres, including the house she then occupied, and convey it to her in fee simple, in lieu of her dower, in the residue of the lands, some 4,500 acres. As most of the heirs were minors, it was necessary to obtain the passage of a law authorizing such proceeding. We there­ fore petitioned the legislature of Ohio, and obtained the passage of such a law. In the mean time, William, James and myself, with Carey as Stirveyor chain man, and marker, I surveyed all our lands, set off 240 acres to motherland divided the balance into eight lots, and anticipated the passage of the law, prayed for. We drew lots, those of age for themselves, and the minors by their guardians, making a division to be submitted to Com­ missioners, appointed afterwards, by the Supreme Court, on a Petition for Partition under the Statutes of Ohio. The Com­ missioners were Colonel Dunlap of Ross, Highland; and Mr. Reese of Highland, and after viewing my survey and subdivi­ sion, and allotments to the heirs, as aforesaid, reported the partition which we had made, as the most equitable Division that could be made. We, therefore, had the satisfaction not only of making an equitable division, but of saving a consid­ erable sum in expenses Of the surve)h > I have before remarked that Gen. Calmes, gave me his obliga­ tion for $1,500 worth of land in Ohio, equal in soil and value per acre, to the lands which he sold to our father. In the Spring of 1806 he came to Ohio to fulfill this contract. I had seen the land he designed for us, and considered it inferior to the land before purchased, and upon which we then lived. The General and his son, Missica, a young man who had finished his education, had learned surveying, and had his compass and Autobiography .of Allen Trimble. 75

chains, etc., in his saddle bags, came to our cabin on Saturday, and insisted on my starting with him and his son to Adams County where the land lay, that he intended to convey to us in payment of our claim. I declined leaving home before Monday, and invited him to remain with- us, which he did, as I have before remarked. The General was not a favorite of pur family, but we felt it our duty under the circumstances, to tender the hos­ pitalities of our cabin to him and his son. Mother, uniformly, no matter Who was her guests, had family prayers, night and morning. It was somewhat of a trial to perform this duty before an unbeliever. But at the usual hour, for retiring, she remarked to the General that she usually had prayer with her family before retiring to rest. That if he would prefer it, she would excuse him from remaining, that his bed was ready in the adjoining cabin. The General, was much confused, but collecting himself, said "Madam, it is as you please." She said she would not desire him to retire, he might exercise his own judgment in the matter. He said then he would remain. A chapter was read from the Bible, a hymn sung, and mother offered up one of those feeling and thrilling petitions, which she offen uttered. W7hen the exercise was closed, I took the candle and lighted the old General and his son to bed. Sabbath morn­ ing we had prayers before breakfast. After breakfast the General asked me to take a walk with him. He said he wished to talk about our land transaction, but was afraid to do so before my mother, as he had learned from her prayer that morning that she would be hurt at what she would regard a breach of the Sabbath. "Sir," said he, "your mother is an extraordinary woman. I never heard such a prayer as she offered last night. It drove sleep from my eyes. I have not met with such a lady. " But," said he, "we can talk about"our business here without wounding her feelings." He said he was anxious to start-early on Monday so as to reach the land in Adams—eighteen miles—and lay off as much of the tract of 800 acres as would be due to us. He supposed I would require but little time to examine it, the survey, as it was decidedly superior to the land he had sold father, and that I would have to take a less quantity than 500 acres. I told him I had seen the Adams County land, and con- considered it inferior to the land purchased from him by father. And if I was correct in my judgment, I doubted whether I would as administrator, do otherwise than to require the amount in cash. The General forgot that he had heard a good prayer, and swore by his Maker that the Adams land was far superior to the Highland land sold to father. "Then," said I, "General, differing as we do, as to the quality of the land, how We we to settle the question?" He said he would settle it, by laying off the quantity of land, designated, 500 acres, and I might take it or let it alone; adding, that I had given him more trouble than any man he had ever 76 « Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

dealt with, and was now disposed to annoy him more and more. I told him I was not acting for myself alone, and had done nothing, and intended to. do nothing but what was hon­ orable and just. That I wo»ld make him a proposition: That we should each select a man, who should be judges of the land to examine, and settle the question, in dispute between us. If his Adams County land, in their judgment, was equal to the Highland County land, I would take it; if not equal, I would exercise my own judgment as to the course I would pursue. After consulting with his son he agreed to submit the question to two men, upon condition I would take land on Brush Creek even if less valuable than the Highland County land, which I declined doing.. After a good deal of blustering and swearing, he chose Mr. George Wilson, and I chose Mr. Richard Evans, of Highland County, both of whom were judges of land, and well acquairited with the Highland Survey. On Monday morning we called upon those men, and they accompanied us to Adams County. After viewing the land in question they desired to know what portion of the tract was lowland. The General directed his son to make the Survey as desired. He proceeded to run the lines around the lowland, meandering the hill and Brush Creek, making some twenty or more angles. When the young man made his plat and announced the quantity of bottom land. The General swore, that although the quantity of bottom land fell short of his expectation, there was a larger proportion of it than the High­ land contained, and the Adams Survey was most valuable. This I did not admit, and the arbitrators were called upon to settle the question, which they did without hesitation, in favor of the Highland land being more valuable. This decision released me frorn my obligation to take the land, and made Calmes liable for $1,500 cash. The General gave -way to his passion, cursed the locator, Gen. Mosses for not laying his warrant on'better land, and turning to me, said: "What is to be done now, sir?" I answered that I was ready to receive the money for his bond, or would, in order to settle the matter, make him a proposition; but before doing so, I wished to examine his son's calculations of the amount of bottom land, in the survey. That I thought he had made a miscalculation. He took fire in a moment at my sug­ gestion, that his son had committed an error. He said he was one of the most accurate surveyors of his age in Kentucky, and he would not allow me to make any imputation against his ability or honor. I replied that if the survey made by his son contained (as I thought it did), more acres than he reported, it would save his horor, and the error, if any existed, might have happened to any, the most experienced and capable surveyor measuring by scale and dividers. But as it was late in the day we had better return to our lodgings, examine the matter, and then I would make to him a proposition. The case was altered Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 77

artd the General agreed to at once reverse his son's words. We spent that night, until a late hour, examining his son's work, and discovered an error of some twenty-five acres in 200, which ought to have been 225 acres.» The General brightened up, and said this addition would bring the tract upon an equality,'with the Highland land. But our referees, who were still with us, thought otherwise. I then made my promised proposition, that if he would add 50 acres, proposed to begiven by him, and allow me to lay it off, so as to include the bottom land, arid exclude the hilly part of the survey of 800 acre's, I would take it for his bond. He said he would not do it, and thereupon the subject closed for that day, In the morning after an early breakfast, he ordered his horses, paid his bill, and prepared to start to Kentucky. Mr. Evans, Mr. Wilson and'myself, also prepared for a start. I requested- Mr. Wilson, who lived near my mother, to inform the family that I would not be at home for a few days, perhaps for a week. Young Calmes asked me which way I was going? I answered that I had concluded to accompany his father to West Union. "For what purpose?" said the General, who overheard our con­ versation. "Why, sir, to put our business in train for settlement. It is evident we cannot settle. I have no alternative but to appeal to the law, and I prefer to do so in Ohio rather than in Kentucky. I give you fair warning, sir, I intend arresting you before you leave the State." He swore no man should arrest him. He had fought through blood and carnage for seven years, to aid in achieving the liberty we enjoyed, and all he got for it was these damned poor lands. And now when endeavoring to realize something from them in his old age, to be threatened with a prosecution by a beardless youth, was not to be endured. " I give you notice, sir," he said, "not to attempt anything of the kind. If you do, remember I will not be responsible for consequences." I told him he did not state the case fairly. I would |dmit he was a brave soldier and had fought the battles that secured our liberty, and that his Ohio lands was all he got for his services. He had sold a part of these lands at his own price, $3,600 to be paid in cash, in payment of this debt he had obtained a highly improved farm, in Kentucky, worth $5,000, $1,500 over his debt, for which he had agreed to give 500 acres of land in Ohio, equal in value per acre, to the firstpurchase . He was now in Ohio, to comply with his contract, the parties disagreeing as to the quality .of the land proposed to be given in payment of the $1,500. Men were chosen to settle the question. They had done so, against his opinion, thereby relieving the other party from any obligation to take the land, yet that other party had proposed to take an additional quantity to make up for quality, and this proposision was rejected with apparent indignation, although the gentlemen chosen to value the land thought it a reasonable and fair /proposition. 78 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

Now Gen. Calmes is about to leave Ohio without closing this ^matter;'and the opposition party representing the administrator :"0^ thife original obligor, now deceased, gives him notice, that he : will report to the law, for the settlement of this matter. And the Gerjeral works himself into a fury, defies the law, and threatens the (administrator with something he declines to name. •Npw I. appeal tp these men of our own choosing, to say who is 'in_fault?\ I feel that I am not. And I would have General Calmes to know, that although a beardless boy, and he a gallant General and veteran-soldier, I have my rights, and I will main­ tain them, regardless of his threats, or the consequences. Mr. Evans and Mr. Wilson were called aside by the General, and after "some fifteeno r twenty minutes, he returned and said he 'had concluded to accept my proposition, and the matter was arranged accordingly. I continued to work on our new farm as I was able, missing no fopportunity, however, to be in the woods with my compass and ^hairi, a business I much'preferred to clearing land, during the ]pear 1807, ^i The. seat of our county was removed'from Newmarket, then a small >wfflage, to Hillsboro, where a town was laid out in an uhbrokgrr-forest. s David Hays, the clerk of the court, who laid out this town, ^ met' with an accident, riding from the town site to Newmarket, *which caused bj? death. The election of a new clerk became necessary, and'Hfr succeeded in getting the appointment. The law required the office to be kept at the seat of Justice. I there­ fore in. 18Q8 removed to Hillsboro, leaving mother and her fam­ ily on the farm, where they remained until 1810, when James A. Trimble, my brother, Med in health, and as he was our mother's principal reliance for' &rying on the" farm, she proposed to Jame4^ and myself to tak\ the two hundred and forty acres of land she held*in her own right, and pay her such sums per annum as would support her and her younger children, which we agreed to do, I was so unfortunate on the 21st day of January, 1809, as to lose my wife. She had,on the way to church on Sabbath, got one of her feet wet, and apprehending no .danger, she sat out a long Sermon, at the church, but found on her return home that she had taken cold, which increased and threw her into a fever, and resulted in inflammation of^the brain, and consequent death. This sad event seemed to derange all of my plans, from appar­ ent prosperity and as much happiness as mortals could expect in matrimonial union, in the brief space of ten days, from perfect health, she, dear partner, (as I had flatteredmysel f for many years), was taken from me, leaving two motherless babes, Joseph and Madison, aged three and one year, to be cared for and reared by whonr, we knew not. Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 79

The only consolation I felt, was, in the evidence she left of being prepared fof death. ^ My mother took the children to. the farm, and I remained, as my office required me, in Hillsboro. The Fall or Autumn before this sad event the Woodrow family rernoved from Culpepper County, Virginia, to Hillsboro. After an acquaintance of two years with Rachel, the youngest daugh­ ter of Joshua Woodrow, deceased, we were married on the 10th day of January, 1811. We went immediately to housekeeping I brought home my children, and in the Autumn of 1811 I brought mother and her family, including James and the younger members, to Hillsboro, and we lived together, or they lived with me. The farm was rented and the rents were in support of the family. Our little house stood on Inlot No. 36, on the corner of High and East Streets, and was among the firsthouse s in Hills­ boro. In it, James M., Wm. H. and Carey A. Trimble were born. Joseph McDowell Trimble was born, at his grandmother's in Woodford County, Kentucky, and Eliza Jane Trimble, my qnly and dear little daughter*, was born in the Brick house on the corner opposite the new coUrt house, Hillsboro, Ohio. We were all now fully engaged and employed. When not engaged inHhe office of Clerk and Recorder of Deeds, which latter office I also held, I was engaged in surveying and selling lands, either on my own account or asAAgent for others, and brother James' health now allowed him to undertake a business. Mother had made a visit to Virginia, and took Margaret our elder Sister with her, who married James McCue a lawyer, and remained in Virginia. She "afterwards made a similar visit with her youngest daughter Mary, who married James M. Nelson, who removed to Ohio, and settledin Hillsboro/ William A. Trimble, after studying flaw in Kentucky, with our fnend and relative, Robert Trimblef, afterwards Judge of the *COIUMBUS, OHIO, 23 Dec., 1828. My Dear Daughter: I received your letter of the 18th, yesterday. I am much gratified to hear that you are pleased with Mr. Picket. I hope you will continue to be pleased and that you will im­ prove your time in giving instruction that will be useful to you. You must not suffer your attention to be drawn from your studies by company, however interesting it may be. 1 am pleased to hear that Mrs. Jones called to sec you, and also that Doctor Drake and his daughters paid you so much attention. The Doctor JS one of my most particular friends, and when you see him give my respects io him. It will uot be expected that you can return visits generally. It will be proper, however, fpr you to see Mrs. JonesjmiDoctor Drake's daughters, but not frequently. You have gone toCinciunati to studyyour books— to study the useful branches of learning, and not people and manners. I would very gladly be at your examination, and if it does not. take place until after the Legislature adjourns, I may attend it. I had a letter from Cary this morning, he says the revival continues in Hillsborough; upwards of thirty have joined the Society. Last Sabbath Jo-cph was there. I hope it may continue until all, yes all our frieuds and relatives and heiKhbors are converted to God. Y'ou must never forget, my dear child, that we are born to die and that without religion ,we cannot be happy hereafter. We must forsake our sins and live virtuous and holy lives if we wish to die happy and obtain immortal felicity. I hope you .will preserve and cherish the morsel of God's love you have felt in your heart. He will give you more if you desire it—yes lie will fill your soul to overflowing if you are faithful In the performance of your duty. I never offer a petition to our "Father who is in Heaven," .but I think of and pray for you. And you must not forget YOUR FATHER. P. ,S.—Give my best respects to the girls—tell them not to lace too tight. A. T. t A fine sketch of the character of the Hon. Robert Trimble, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, written by Judge Joseph Story, LL. D., appears in the volumeof Judge Story's "literary, critical, judicial and political" writings. 80 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

United States Circuit Court, returned to Ohio, and took Carey and John "A. Trimble to Philadelphia, and left them at the Peztalostian School, taught by Mr. Neff, and continued his tour to Litchfield Law School, Connecticut, where he attended a Course of Lectures. Then he returned to Ohio and entered the law office of William Creighton, Esq., of Chillicothe, where he remained until 1811, when he was licensed and Commenced the practice of law, mak­ ing my house his home1, and writing in the office as occasion required. Cyrus whose education remained to be provided for, was sent to Mr. Stubb's of Newport, Kentucky, who kept a Classical School of high character. When the call was made for Ohio Volunteers, in 1812, two full companies were raised in Highland County. I then commanded a battalion of militia, and I had determined to turn out as a private, in order to encourage others to volunteer. A company of fifty (50) men was raised. Before it wa$ organized I was prevailed upon by my brother, Wm. A. Trimble, to allow him to take my place. He insisted that as I had the care not only of. my own but our mother's family, and he a young man, that it was more proper he should go into the army for me. The family also urged me to give place to William, and I did so. The Company was organized: John Hawes, Captain; T. Rodgers, Lieutenant; and James Patterson, Surgeon. The other Complement, commissioned by Gov. W. Barre, a Rifle Company, turned out in mass. Brother William went to Dayton, Ohio, as a private soldier. I accompanied him. There he met General McArthur and other acquaintances, and friends. The two companies from Highland County, one from Adams, under the command of Captain Lockhart, and one from Franklin, under Captain Kinny, and one from Green County, united into one battalion, and elected Wm. A. Trimble to command it. A second battalion was formed of companies from the Scioto Valley, and Major James Denny, elected to its command, and Gen. McArthur chosen to command this Regiment, composed of those Battalions. Cass and Finley were elected to command the other two Regiments, and General Hull took command of the whole. Gen. Hull did not arrive at Dayton, the place of rendezvous, for several days after those volunteers met and organized. As before remarked I accompanied the Highland companies to Dayton, and remained until William A. Trimble and James Denny were elected Majors, and McArthur, Colonel of the Reg­ iment. When I returned to Highland to collect blankets, of which there was a very limited supply among the soldiers. I again arrived at Dayton with the blankets I had collected a horse load, (I do not remember the exact number). Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 81

The next day Gen. Hull arrived, with his son, a young man, say twenty-five years of age; and also Major Morrow, of Gen. Cass' Red's, with a small Company of mounted officers, met, and escorted the General to his quarters. The contrast between the General and his aid-de-camp, upon their New England ponies, and also Morrow's Guard, in their parade dress, and elegantly mounted, was too striking not to be observed. A general order was issued for a review of the Army on the day following. The General took lodging at Mr. Reid's, the principal hotel, and had been waited upon by the officers, and a few distinguished citizens, such as Judge Burnett, Gen. Gano, Col. Davis, Major Oliver, etc., from Cincinnati, and.others of like character. The soldiers, and the citizens of Dayton, and the surrounding country, who had not seen Gen. Hull, learning there was to be a grand review, determined to embrace the opportunity it would afford, to see the far famed General. As I quartered at the same hotel, and belonged to Gen. McArthur's Mess, I had been intro­ duced to Gen. Hull and his son, and on the morning of the review was invited to their room, where I found McArthur, Capt. Finley, Gano, and Judge Burnett. Judge Burnett was soliciting the appointment of aid-de-camp for his brother-in-law, Captain Wallace, and he succeeded in obtaining the desired appointment. I was a listener to the conversation, which was general but pointing to the object of the campaign, and its probable results. We are apt on the first sight of distinguished men, to form some opinion of their character. In the first place I was disapponited in the appearance of Gen. Hull, for he was a short, corpulent, good natured old gent; bore the marks of good eating and drinking, but none of the marks of a chief-, according •to rhy notions of a great general. In a word, he did not strike me " as a man born to command." The drums announced the hour for parade, and the Colonels left to take charge of their respective commands, leaving the General and his aids, his son, and Col. Wallace, to prepare for the review. I walked with Mr. McArthur, with whom I was on intimate terms, to his room. He asked me what I thought of Gen. Hull. I replied:, "It would be treason .to give expression to my thoughts." He smiled. I then asked him if he would dare to give his opinion.' "Not publicly," said he, "but I say to you, he won't do. He is'not the kind of man we want, and I fear the result of our campaign; 'twill be disastrous. But as yot\ say, it would be regarded as treason for me to express this opinion publicly." The Regiments were soon paraded in line, on the beautiful common north-east of the town. The want of uniform was visible among the officers, many of them being in citizen's dress, but they all looked as if they would fight, if need be; Col. Cass 82 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

was in full uniform and wore the highest plume of an officer in the Army, but Major Munson of his right, was the observed of all observers: six feet, two inches high, straight as an arrow, trim and well proportioned, the best horseman and upon the finest horse in the army. But it was admitted on all hands that McArthur looked more like a go-a-head soldier than any of his brother officers. The line being formed and the officers formed and posted, Gen. Hull and his Aids commenced their review. The General and his son were in old state or style. They rode what was called New England ponies: short jointed, compact, trotting horses, about fourteen and one-half hands high. Wallace was richly equipped with.epaulettes, etc., mounted on a fine, splendid gelding.' They commenced the review at a walk, but the musick, drum and fife seemed to give life, even to the General's ponies, fatigued as they were, from the long journey they had just made from New England; but Wallace's horse pranced and snorted like an old buck. As they passed the head Of the Second Regiment, the display of the colors and .the roar of the drums frightened Wallace's horse, and he ran at half speed in a wrong direction. The horse of Captain Hull dashed off at a rapid trot after Captain Wallace's. The General's pony followed his aids, and he was a hard trotter, throwing his rider up, until you could see daylight between his seat and the saddle. Well balanced as they all were for a review, with splendid swords, at their sides, they were not so well adapted to a race, especially at a trot. The consequence was, that the General's feet lost the Stirrups, he lost his balance, his hat Hew off, and to save himself he seized the horses mane. The frightened animal going at the'rate of a mile in four minutes, at a hard trot. By this time the yells of the spectators and some of the-wild volunteers, rendered the scene one of the most amusing I ever witnessed at a military review. The General and his aids, having fallen in with a cavalcade of citizens on horse-back who occupied a position at some distance as lookers- on, were unable to learn the true cause of all this peculiar commotion. After a parley of some fifteen minutes whether true or not, it was a subject of merriment among the soldiers, that Captains Wallace, and Hass planned the only Mad Review, before their youthful aid-de-camps could take him up. So they concluded not to attempt again to pass the army in review, but to take a position and require the army to pass them, then in #ie usual military style. This order was announced, (I think), by Gen. Cass, and executed with a good deal of life, a non-commissioned officer holding Gen. Hull's horse the while, to keep him from bolting. After the review, the army was. brought into close col­ umn by command, and formed a hollow square. The General and his Staff, and field'officers, took position in the center, and Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 83

the commander-in-chief made a speech to the firstarm y of Ohio. It was well made, delivered, and atoned in some measure for the failure at the review. After aiding brother William in an outfit for the campaign, I returned to Hillsboro. The subject of war with England was the engrossing topic all over the United States, and particularly in the West, where a long line of frontier was exposed to Indian depredations; and as a large majority of the citizens of Ohio was in favor of the Government declaring War, and the State was called upon to furnish the firstregimen t of volunteers, it was natural that Our people should feel deep solicitude for the success of Hull's army, at it was called. The public ear was quick to catch everything like.suspicion. That General Hull was not the man for the occasion; those suspicions soon assumed the form of opinions, and nothing occurred on the March from Dayton to Detroit, to weakeri those conclusions; but the surrender of the army to the British General, Brock, at Detroit, removed all doubt as to the correctness of the opinion, that Gen. Hull was totally unfit for the command assigned him by the President of the United States. When the army arrived at Detroit, Michigan, the General issued a proclamation, calling upon the Canadians to capitulate for their safety, and pledge themselves not to take up "arms against the United States, threatening in case of refusal, to invade the country and the overthrow of the government, etc. If he had in pursuance of his declared purpose, crossed the river at once, and attacked Maiden, the garrison, a small One, would have surrendered, or been captured, and with it, upper Canada, with her host of Indians would have been subjected to the con­ trol of the United States army; but he waited until Gen. Brock, the British General,' entered, and in the meantime, showed such a lack or want of Generalship, as to encourage Brock, to demand the surrender of Detroit. Gen. Hull was charged with treason, and acquitted by a courtmartial. Brother William was a witness on the trial".' I know his opinion and have reason to believe his opinion was correct. He often told me he had no confidence in Gen. Hull's judgment or integrity on military subjects. If he ever had tal­ ents upon any subject (which he doubted), they had become weakened by age, and beclouded by free living, eating and drinking. That however brave he had proved himself to be in early life, (as it was said he did), his conduct at Detroit exhibited unmeasurable evidence of timidity, and a total want of confidence in himself or his army. " In a word, he proved himself destitute of those great qualities that fit a man to command: a sound judgment, large intelligence, true courage, and self-reliance, that would gain the respect and obedience of the soldier." When the news came to Hillsboro, that Hull's army had been surrendered, its truth was doubted. Joseph, Jasper Hand and 84 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

myself determined to know as soon as possible, whether the report was well founded, and immediately mounted our horses and set put for Urbana, 67 miles distant. Here we found several persons who had left the northern settlements and fled to Urbana for safety from Indian depredations. They confirmed the report of the surrender of Hull's army. We learned that the northern Indians were preparing to let loose their combined forces upon the frontier settlements of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and that the British Canadians and Indians of Upper Canada were preparing to strike at the northern settlements of Ohio. After hearing those rumors Dr. Hand and I concluded that the Governor of Ohio would probably make a requisition of militia to defend the frontier, and that our services might be required at home, so we returned. Governor Meigs took immediate steps to protect the frontier. General Winchester wras ordered to Ohio to take command of the regulars and militia, raised and to be raised in Ohio. The disastrous result of Hull's campaign was all attributed to the General's want of courage, or patriotism. To sustain the latter charge it was alleged that the army, instead of being at once actively employed against the enemy, as threatened in the proclamations, remained idle for we\:ks, the General sending out- small detachments to reconnoiter the enemy's position, and ascertain their strength, giving time to collect and concentrate their forces, and subjecting those small parties to loss of con­ fidence in their commander; and the further fact that McArthur and captains, and regiments, the strength of their army, were a day's march on the road to Browns-Town, the River Rasin, to meet an escort of prisoners from Ohio. The surrender of the garrison at Detroit, including all the absent detachments, gave colour to the idea that it had been under contemplation; the General knowing full well that Mc­ Arthur and Cass would not consent to a surrender without a fight, was evidence of what would have been the opinion and action of those two officers, had they been in the fort when its surrender was demanded. When, they were overtaken by a messenger from General Hull, with an order to return to Detroit, as prisoners of war, a counsel was held by the officers of those two regiments, to determine whether they would return to Detroit and surrender or fightthei r way to Ohio. I have often heard William A. Trimble, who commanded a battalion of Gen. McArthur's regiment, and was present, (have heard him), say, that on the firstannouncemen t of the surrender the whole detachment—officers and soldiers—expressed their determination to disobey the order to return and surrender as prisoners of war. Gen. McArthur swore he would never disgrace his sword by tamely surrendering it to a British officer without giving his brother officers and soldiers an opportunity of showing their Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 85 countrymen that they were not cowards, and accompanying the action to the word, dashed his sword to the ground, and said he: "I would rather break it in a thousand pieces than disgrace it by such an act." This pathetic outbreak of indignation has been attributed to Gen. Cass, but Gen. Cass, as I always under­ stood from Major Trimble and other officers who were present, took a different view of the subject. He shared to the full, the indignation of his brother officers and soldiers, at the disgraceful surrender; but as Finley's Regiment, and some soldiers of the other regiment, were prisoners of war, if his and McArthur's command referred to, returned, would it not place those prisoners who were in the power of the enemy in a situation to suffer for their disobedience of Gen. Hull's order? It was after reflection, admitted, that the situation of their soldiers required them to obey the order and submit to be prisoners of Avar. Captain Brush's Company from Chillicothe, with the pro­ visions for the army under their care, were met at the Maumee River, by the news of the surrender of the army, of which they were considered a part, and included in the articles of capitula­ tion. Captain Brush submitted the question of surrendering or fighting, on the way homeward, to his corhpany, (composed of the first characters in Chillicothe), and they unanimously agreed to take the responsibility of disobeying Gen. Hull's order; and they succeeded in making their escape, notwithstanding a British Vigil with a regiment of soldiers was in the Maumee bay, with orders to cut off their retreat. That no attempt was made to execute this order by the British officer, was at the4time a matter of surprise, but; afterwards explained. It was not known at the time by that officer whether McArthur or Cass would or would not obey Hull's order. If they should not, and an attempt be made to cut off Brush's retreat, McArthur and captains might be in position, not only to save Brush, but to cut off the retreat of the British detachmeht.which might be thought wise. It was not strange that the people of the North-west, partic­ ularly those of Ohio, after the failure of General Hull, should look with fearful apprehension to danger in the future, from committing the command of the North-west army to inexperi­ enced or incompetent hands. Gen. Winchester, accomplished as he was admitted to be, as an officer and general, was unknown to our people. He was not one of us, and there were murmurs and complaints. That Eastern men were sent to lead our armies, who knew nothing of. the Indian mode of warfare, and but little of western character; that we had men in the West, pioneers, possessed of more physical and mental power and more perfect knowledge of the theater of the war to be earned on upon our border, than any specimen of an Eastern General that had been sent to us from beyond the Alleghenies. The comparison was frequently made between those Generals and some of our own; whose shoulders were more accustomed to 86 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

the rifle than the epaulette, and who wielded the tomahawk and scalping knife with the dexterity of a Potowatomie; and the question was frequently asked: "What would have been the result of the late campaign, if McArthur had commanded in place of Hull?" That it would have been different no one doubted, and Captains Cass and Finley were equally popular in their respective districts, but in this district, McArthur was looked upon as the man for the times. While the public was thus agitated and perplexed, Kentucky took ground in favor of General William Henry Harrison, and appointed him to command her troops, raised or to be raised for the North-western Army. Two regiments were immediately raised and marched to Ohio: General Winchester was then in the field with a few regulars and the militia of Ohio, drafts and volunteers. Gen. Harrison, at the head of the Kentucky troops, marched to St. Marys, where he was met by many of the prom­ inent citizens of Ohio, including several of the officers who had been with General Hull. After consultation those officers returned to their respective districts to raise additional volun­ teers, under a proclamation issued by General Harrison, calling for mounted men, armed and equipped for a thirty days' tour of duty. McArthur took the Scioto Valley up to Circleville, Denny the upper Valley, and William A. Trimble the Highland west of Scioto, including Adams, Brown and Clermont Counties. Those officers being prisoners of war, were bound by the parole of honor not to bear arms against the English or their allies, until exchanged; but as the British General Brock had declined to claim the North-west Indians as allies, and the -troops to be raised were, as it has been supposed, for the defence of the frontier against the North-west Indians, those officers felt no hesitation in raising troops, and if need be, accompanying them to the Indian country. A regiment was raised by McArthur and Denny, and one by Trimble. The first organized at and chose Gen. Finley of Chillicothe, to command it. The second organized at St. Marys, and on William A. Trimble declining to take the com­ mand, lest he might be considered violating his parole, I was chosen to command. I reported to Colonel Barber who com­ manded the Kentucky militia then at St. Marys. From him I learned that Gen. Winchester's spies had discovered a party of British and Indians marching up the Maumee River; supposed to be from the fact that they had a piece of artillery in the advance of the British Army; and intending to surprise Win­ chester, then at or near Defiance. An express informing Har­ rison of those facts induced him, with some light troops from Kentucky then at St. Marys, to proceed without delay to Win­ chester's headquarters. It had been ascertained, soon after this discovery, that the British and Indians, whatever had been their first object, had retired to the mouth of the Maumee River Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 87

On application to Col. Barber, for rations and forage for our horses as procured by Gen. Harrison, he informed me, that the supply on hand of provisions would not justify him in supplying my men with rations, and that forage for horses was out of the question, as there was none. I had made Col. Barber's acquaint­ ance, before I left Kentucky; and therefore took the liberty of talking to him as an acquaintance and friend. I told him that no man knew better than he did, the difficulty of keeping militia, even when well fed, in subjection, and the utter folly of attempt­ ing it, if they were deprived of their rations. That if our services were needed, and Gen. Harrison thought they were, or he would not have called for them, would it not be advisable to supply us with rations, until Gen. Harrison could be counseled upon the subject? He referred me to the quartermaster, Mr. H. Piatt, and said if he would give me an order for rations, I could get them. I immediately called upon Piatt, and informed him for what purpose. He made a remark that explained the whole matter. He said he would not only give me an order, but go with me, and see that I got my provisions return filled,whic h he did. I prevailed upon Barber to send an express to Gen. Harrison, asking for orders for my regiment. The want of forage for our horses caused much murmuring, and we had to cut beech brush for them. I happened to be riding out from the encampment and met a teamster with a waggonload of oats, and I secured the whole of it for our horses. General Harrison arrived the next day. William A. Trimble called upon him immediately, and informed him of our number and condition. He told my brother that he had contemplated collecting all of the force that could be raised on short noticevand making a forced march to Detroit, and if possible, surprise Gen. Brock, and get possession of the place, but recent events had changed his views as to the propriety of risking an attack upon Detroit, whilst the British had control of the Lake by which they could cut off "the communication with Ohio, etc. I was sent for, and being introduced to the General, he informed me that he regretted the state of feeling, which he learned from my brother, existed*in the regiment under my command, in consequence of not raising forage for the horses, and the difficulty of procuring provisions; that-although he had changed his mind with regard to the object to be accomplished by the mounted men! he had invited to join him, yet important services could be performed by those under my command, if I could prevail upon them to continue in service some twenty days. He said he had learned by an express from Fort Wayne, that the small garrison, (a southern command), was in constant apprehension of being attacked by a large Indian force, from the Miami and Potowatomie towns. That Col. Barber had sent that morning a small detachment of Ohio militia under Maj. Jenkins for the relief and protection of that place; but if, as he had reason to 88 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

believe there was, an attack contemplated by the Indians, the force sent would be insufficient to do more than defend the garrison. That he regarded it as of great importance to not only relieve the fort, but to disperse the Indians if they were collecting and had collected, in considerable force, and to pursue them to those towns on Eel River, and the upper Wabash, and destroy their provisions, etc. I told the General we had turned out under his proclamation, with the expectations that we were to follow him, wheresoever he might lead us; that few of the men or officers had seen any service; I had not. And I felt some reluctance to urge the regiment to volunteer to perform a tour of duty under my command. But if he would address them and explain why he could not command them in person, give them some information of the service he wished them to perform, and submit the ques­ tion, whether they would or would not volunteer to perform the required duty, under my command, I would be governed by their decision; and if they consented to undertake the tour of duty, I would receive his orders, and execute them as far as in my power. He told me to parade the regiment. It was, soon done. The address was made and but one man declined to volunteer. We prepared for a march, drew rations and set out for Fort Wayne in a few hours. The officers and men seemed highly pleased with General Harrison, whose address to them was well calculated to make a favorable impression; as well for the evidence it afforded of his correct and comprehensive knowl­ edge of the exposed parts of our country, as his thorough knowl­ edge of the Indian character, and the best means of controlling their savage forays upon the frontier settlements. We encamped the firstnight , midway between St. Marys and Fort Wayne. Our encampment was laid out by Major William A. Trimble, who acted as Adjutant. (He was the only man in the regiment who had seen much service, and accompanied us at the request of General Harrison, whose opinion upon the subject of his parole, he relied upon). Our lines, inclosing about four acres of ground, forming a hollow square, with our horses tied within the lines% Fires were made in front of each line, to cook our rations.. Four sentinels were stationed some forty paces in front of each line, to be relieved every two hours. These arrangements being made, and our suppers disposed of, we were startled by the noise of a rifle on the line of sentinels. The fireswer e ordered to be extinguished, and the men to be under arms. Immediately the report of another rifle facilitated this movement. The Adjutant and myself were soon on our horses, and hastened to the sentinels that fired the first gun^ —He was reloading his rifle. We inquired what he fired at. He said he heard the footfalls of persons very distinctly for several minutes before they came near enough to be seen, that they had made several halts, and then walked on, again, and again, until they approached so near that he saw the eyes of the foremost,

Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 89

when he fired. I knew this man to be a marksman and successful •hunter, and had no doubt of his courage. Then the sentinels were doubled and we proceeded with the officers of the guard to the place where the second shot was fired. The sentinel said when he heard the first gun he looked in that direction, and although he could not see, he heard very distinctly footsteps in the leaves (which were very dry), and brush cracking as though a number of persons were passing through the woods near him, and he firedi n the direction of the noise, saw nothing, however, but heard men, as he supposed, running off from his position. The sentinels were instructed not to fire again without being positively certain of doing execution, as well as to create an alarm. After half an hour's suspense, the first sentinel that fired called the attention of the soldiers near him, to what he supposed to be men walking on the road leading from Fort Wayne to St.. Marys, and approaching him.v The walking was very distinctly heard, but they concluded to obey orders, and not to fire until the enemy approached near enough to be distinctly seen. They stood their ground until eyes were seen as before, when one of the men cocked his gun, but the other man whispered "hold on," " I see horns as well as eyes." A few moments enabled them to see that it was a gang or drove of cattle. The Indians had for ten days been hovering around Fort Wayne, and had killed as many of the bullocks that had been driven there for the use of the garrison, as they wanted, and the balance took fright and started back to the settlement "from where they had been taken. When they approached the encampment and were firedtipo n they retreated a short distance, and when all became quiet, they again took the trace for St. Marys, which passed near our encampment. This incident enabled me to judge of the material of my command. John W. Campbell, afterwards a member of Congress, and Judge of the U. S~. District Court, who acted as Quarter-master, told me the next day on our march, whom I might depend upon in an emergency, and I soon found that he had formed a very correct and reliable judgment. On the evening of our second day's march when within five(5 ) miles of Fort Wayne, the front guard discovered two Indians in the road before us, apparently examining for the tracks of horses, or men. Notice was immediately sent back and a detachment of fifty men ordered under Captain Lewis to advance and ascertain the number and position of the Indians. The front guard, one of whom was Col. Washburn, an did Indian campaigner and scout, concealed himself, and ordered the others to retreat or fall back upon the front column of the regiment. They soon met Captain Lewis, and filed in with him. Washburn remained in his position, and was enabled to form an opinion of the number of Indians, in the party and their object. The two first seen in the road discovered the front guard retreat­ ing, and they gave a signal to those of their party who were in 90 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

ambush near the road. Then some twenty-five or thirty made their appearance, and started off at right angles a short distance and made a halt. They saw Lewis' detachment approaching, when they dashed off easterly. Washburn raised the war- whoop, and pursued. Then Lewis soon joined with his men, but the underbrush was so thick that the Indians had the advantage of the horsemen, and made their escape. We then examined the ambuscade, and found it was well selected, just behind a large black oak that had fallen'parallel with the road, twenty-five steps distant and screened from view by thick underbrush. It was evident from the fact that it had rained during the previous night, and the leaves upon which the Indians lay were perfectly dry, that they had been there all night watching for an opportunity of attacking small detach­ ments which they would have done best, from the march of our regiment. Two young men from Kentucky, each of whom had a brother at Fort Wayne, (who were sick), left St. Marys before it was known that I was ordered to Fort Wayne. They had missed their way and we overtook them a short distance from where those Indians were posted. Had they passed on they unques­ tionably have been killed. They said their mishap in losing the road, and being delayed, seemed to be a Providential interposi­ tion to save their lives. They were fine looking, intelligent young men, of good faculties. I felt that if we rendered no other service, the preservation of those young men was a sufficient reward for all our tolls. We arrived at Fort Wayne about 2 o'clock p. M. and encamped on what had been Captain Well's farm, in the forks of the St. Joseph and St. Marys Rivers. Nothing of the improvements remained but a few apple trees, the Indians had destroyed all else. I immediately called upon Lieut. Ostander, who commanded the fort, and informed him of our number and object. He said that Indians of the Miami Tribe in considerable numbers had been in the neighborhood for some two weeks, and that parties of from ten to thirty had been daily within view of the fort, had killed and driven off all their beef cattle, and kept the little garrison in perpetual alarm, and that two of their number had been killed within sight of the fort, etc. I had learned from General Harrison that the Miami tribe, residing at Mepissinwa, on the Wabash, in Indiana, professed to be friendly, but he doubted their sincerity, and suspected that they and a few straggling Potowatomies, were the real disturbers of all the frontiers and settlements, and at "Fort Wayne. Then I returned to our encampments, for we were without tents, except our saddle blankets, and were threatened with a heavy, cold rain. We prepared for it as well as we could by cutting long Prairie grass, and spreading it Over poles, but it was apoor protection against such a storm as we experienced that night; Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 91

for it rained and blew exceedingly hard until 12 o'clock, when it cleared up cold, and in the morning the frost looked like a snow had fallen. There was not a dry garment in the regiment, and our ammunition and provisions also were damaged by the terrific rains, and events seemed to conspire to cool the ardour of our men. We were encamped on, or near, the battleground between the Indians and Gen. St. Clair, when the latter was so signally defeated. (So said one of our men who said he was in that defeat, and also our guide, a white man, named Ash, whose wife was a Miami Squaw, and recommended to us, at St. Marys as a reliable man, and well acquainted with the Indians and their customs and country, and had been busily communicating to some of the officers and men, the danger we would have to encounter. if we executed Gen. Harrison's orders.) I also learned that he had dissuaded Captain Lewis the evening before from pursuing the Indians whom we had routed on our march, alleging they were Miamis, and not unfriendly—which I knew to be a lie, from my own native instinct, and from their actions. So I had Ash arrested immediately and sent in post haste to the garrison with a request that Lieut. Ostander would keep him under arrest, and if he had a reliable man in the Fort, with a sufficient knowledge of the country, to act as a guide, to send him to us at once, as we were sorely in need of someone to act in that capacity. So the Lieutenant promptly sent a Frenchman, by name Loungua, whom he recommended as a suitable guide. The Quartermaster, Mr. J. W. Campbell, had mingled with the men from Adams and Brown Counties,- composing Major Edward's Battalion, during the morning, and informed me that Major Edwards was much discouraged and had imparted his feelings very generally to his men. That Ash, our former guide, had told them that he would not be willing to risk himself as guide to the Potowatomie towns, und that it would be a very dangerous enterprise, etc. After a brief consultation widi my brother and Campbell, I issued an order for a march, satisfied that a mutiny was brewing. When the line was formed, Maj. Edwards at the head of his Battalion, signified his purpose to return to St. Marys. "William and Campbell both addressed the men, and urged them to obey orders, but the-Major contended that Gen. Harrison had deceived them, not furnishing forage for the horses as promised, etc. I would have arrested Edwards, but found that the arrest would have to comprehend two commanders, which was an impracticability. So with Maj. Wilson's Battalion and a few men from that of Edwards' we marched to Turtle Town on Eel River, which had been destroyed someshort time before. Here we found where pota­ toes had recently been dug, and corn gathered, and a number of moccasin tracks going in the direction of Charley's Town, on the Wabash River. Our guide Loungua, supposed, (and correctly), .92 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

that Charley's Town was the headquarters of the Indians whc had been committing depredations at Fort Wayne, and also the other frontier settlements. We therefore steered for that point. Then we passed through an unbroken wilderness of very rich, level land, and on the third day approached within five miles of this town before night. We encamped and I sent Loungua and one of our best men that evening to reconnoitre the position and place where it was sup­ posed the Indians were encamped, (for the Indian huts or tepees had been destroyed). They returned and reported that there were Indians, supposed, to be fifty or sixty encamped on the north side of the River, and from the fireso n the south side, they supposed there might be an equal number encamped on that side of the River. We determined, although it was a dark night, to attempt reaching the Indian camp before daylight but we did not succeed. So v/e suspected our guide, whose wife was also a Miami squaw, of leading us a circuitous route. At this time we reached a point where we could overlook the valley of the beautiful Wabash Riv.er where the encampment was represented to be, just about sunrise. And then dividing our detachment, consisting of 160 men in three divisions, one to strike above, one below, and the third to strike on the back of the encampment. Then we proceeded to attack them with as much expedition as possible. The Indians on the north side of the River, under cover of a bluff or bank, very near the water, were eating their breakfast. One of the party stepped to the top of the bank to a fire, where they were'roasting potatoes and pumpkins, and spying our men at about 400 yards distance, 'above, below, and in the rear, he saw they were surrounded, except on the river side. Then he ran down the bank, raised a loud Indian yell, and they all sprang into the River, and made good their retreat, swimming and wading to the arm pits, across the Wabash River, before our men succeeded in approaching sufficiently near to make a suc­ cessful charge or a definite attack. We crossed the River at a ford a short distance above, and pursued for a short distance those we saw retreating, but finding they had reached the thick, bushy woods, and had the advantage of our horsemen, we returned to the camp which they had left, and took our^breakfast using the potatoes and pumpkins that were roasted by the Indians. Our guide, Loungua, said those Indians belonged to the Miamis at Mapominee, and were of the party that had been lurking about and doing mischief at Fort Wayne, and commit­ ting depredations on the frontier settlements. Then I took Loungua by himself, and told him squarely, that I suspected his integrity; that he had led us a circuitous route in order to pre­ vent our arrival at the encampment of the Indians in time to attack them; and this before daylight, and that I was confident he overrated their strength; that my suspicions were strength- Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 93

ened by remarks he had made to the soldier who accompanied him in making the reconnoiteur on the previous evening. But he protested against leading us a circuitous route purposely, and that he judged the number of Indians by their fires, and what he said to the soldier, he believed to be true: That the Miami Indians,, and some Potowatomies were collecting their warriors to the number and amount of from 500 to 800; and although the Miamis proper professed friendship to the United Spates they would embrace the first opportunity of joining the English, or making a break on the frontier posts. Fort Wayne first and then St. Marys, and lastly or finallyPiqua . That those we were in pursuit of, would avoid a fight with us or our men, unless they got the advantage. He admitted that he dreaded the awful and terrible fate of falling into the hands of the vengeful Miamis, for he knew the warriors would put him to the torture and burn him . slowly, and more slowly to death, but he said he would go with me wherever I went, and do his duty, but he would die before he would be taken a prisoner; and, he added, that he was quite sure those Indians we had routed would now return to Missinawa immediately, and join the main body of the great Miami Tribe. We concluded, as the provisions at this town, were, or would be, before we left it, all consumed, that those Indians would do as Loungua supposed, namely: retreat to.their towns below, and thus avoid a contest with us, which their knowledge of the country would enable them to do. We then concluded to pursue them no farther, and returned to Fort Wayne by St. Marys and were discharged, making a tour of twenty days' service. General Harrison, in reply to my report of our'tour, approved the course I had pursued, and very severely condemned Major Edwards and his party. Some time in December, 1812, the General having become satisfied that the Miami Indians (as I suggested to him in my report), were preparing for a descent upon the frontier settle­ ments, and out-posts, of the army, Lieutenant Col. Campbell, with a regiment of Kentucky and Virginia dragoons and mounted riflemen, was sent to visit their towns on Mepanima, and here a severe battle was fought, the Indians badly defeated, their towns and entire provisions destroyed. The main army, under Winchester, was not so fortunate. For its great defeat and General Harrison's appointment to the command of the North-West Army and his position at Fort Meigs, during the winter and spring .of 1813, are matters of his­ tory. When I returned from our mounted expedition, I found ample employment in preparing for the winter and attending to my official duties. But during the Summer of 1813, General Harri­ son abandoned Fort Meigs, and took a position at Seneca on the Sandusky River, and called upon the governor of Ohio for a large militia force to enable him to-defend the extensive frontier of the State, 94 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

The regiment of Col. Keys from Highland county was ordered tO Upper Sandusky (I commanded the first battalion of this regiment) where we met the Militia of other counties, amounting to 7,000 men. Events had taken place after the call on Governor Meigs, which changed the aspect of affairs. Major Croghan had defended Fort Stevenson (which is since called Lower Sandusky) against the combined force of British and Indians, that had in­ vested it, and by his consummate generalship and the bravery of his command, achieved one of the most signal victories of the war. Major Croghan had been ordered to abandon and destroy the port and provisions, but the order was not received until the enemy were in view and in-such force as to render a retreat im­ practicable. The account of Croghan's gallant and successful defence of Fort Stevenson, may be found in the History of the War of 1812. THAT, and the events upon the-Lake afforded the opportunity of changing the fieldo f military operations, in the North-West, from Ohio to Canada. General Harrison saw in a moment after Croghans' victory that he would have no use for 7,000 Ohio militia for the defense of the frontier, and, having, when he returned to Seneca, called upon General Shelby, of Kentucky to join him with a Corps of mounted volunteers, he determined to relieve himself from a larger portion of the Ohio militia. So he addressed a letter to Governor Meigs, then at the head of his Ohio troops at Upper Sandusky, which produced riiuch feeling and unpleasant con­ sequences. I do not recollect the precise language, used by Gen­ eral Harrison, (although I saw the letter), but he expressed sur­ prise at Governor Meigs that he should have collected so large a force, more men than could be properly and profitably employed or furnished with rations, and advising that 3,000 men be de­ tached for service and the balance, 4,000, discharged. Governor Meigs collected his. field officers together for consultation. The result was a scries of un-military resolutions, approving the conduct of Governor Meigs and condeminng. the course pursued by General Harrison. A few of the officers', myself among the number, were in favor of justifying our Governor, but opposed to the denunciations against General Harrison. But we were overruled and the resolutions adopted unanimously. The order of General Harrison for detaching 3*000 men and disarming the balance, was complied with. I was detailed with my battalion as part of the 3,000. Major George Edwards, who had mutinied at Fort Wayne in 1812, was also detailed with his battalion from Brown County, and being a senior officer by date of his commission, would have, in the absence of the colonel of. our regiment, commanded me. I. determined at once not to submit to such indignity, and prepared charges against him for disobedience and cowardice at Fort Wayne when under my com­ mission in 1812. The General' arrested and summoned him be­ fore a court martial, forthwith to answer to the charges. Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 95

Edwards employed Col. Brush and I. N. Couch, aids to the Governor to defend him. At that time, Colonel Wm. K. Bond was the Advocate Judged . After Bond and Couch had conversed with the witnesses then present in Court, several of whom were at Fort Wayne at the time referred to, they came to me and said there was no escape for Major Edwards, he must be found guilty and at least discharged "and also be disgraced." They felt very deeply for his family and connections, and hoped I would accept a proposition which they were authorized to make: That on the charges being withdrawn (with the consent of the commander-in-chief), Edwards would resign his commission as a major of the Ohio Militia and return to his family under a pledge not again to accept a commission in the militia of Ohio. I then accepted the proposition, withdrew the charges, Mr, Edwards resigned and Nathanial Be'asley was chosen to command the battalion. • The purposes of General Harrison with regard to future oper­ ations was a matter of conjecture. . The Ohio militia were satis­ fied that they were not favorites and that the post of honor (if such should be in his gift), would not be assigned to them, and many of them were uttering bitter things against him, calling him a second Hull, etc., etc. About this time Major David Trimble of Kentucky who was an aid of General Harrison's, who had borne the General's com­ munication to General Shelby, arrived at our camp, and as there was some danger in travelling alone, General Meigs furnished. him an escort of 25 men,, under Captain Vance of the dragoons. My brother, Cary A. Trimble, a lieutenant in the army, was then with the army at Seneca, and Governor Meigs allowed me to visit him, and accompany Major Trimble. I had the'satisfaction, not only to sec my brother, but McAr­ thur and Captain Cass each commanding a regiment with several other acquaintances and also the commander-in-chief, General Harrison himself, who treated me very politely, and in reply to my tender of my battalion as volunteers to accompany him where- ever the further service required, he said: "It would afford him much pleasure to accept the voluntary tender of our services, but that the future operations of the army under his command was dependant upon circumstances so variable, that he could not tell what a day would or might bring forth. If he found use for our services he would command them, etc., etc., I had a long conversation with General (then Colonel) McArthur, who said that he was as ignorant of General Harrisons' purposes as the most ignorant soldier under his command, and he did not think that the General had communicated to Cass or any one else his plans for the future if he had any such plans, etc. The communication from General Shelby to General Harrison, borne by Major Trimble, pledging himself to join the North-West- ern Army with a large force, induced General Harrison to dismiss 96 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

Governor Meigs and his Ohio militia and to rely on the troops from Kentucky for future operations. I returned with Captain Vance and his command to our own camp and found Governor Meigs had received orders from Gen­ eral Harrison to discharge the militia under his command and he- did not think that the General had communicated to Cass, or any one else, his particular plans for the future—if he had any such plans. We were then ordered to strike our tents, the next morning, at 9 o'clock, A. M., and take the line of march to Frank­ lin's Tree, there to be discharged by regiments, in the order in which they returned. The first regiment that took the line of march to Franklin was commanded by Col. Collins from Adams county. They soon broke ranks and scattered, the strongest foremost. The baggage wagons being empty, the teamsters took in passengers for hire and drove ahead furiously. A party of' Indians in ambush near the road, fired on one of those wagons, killed two men and wounded two others. Col. Keys' regiment to which I belonged, was in the rear. The same desire to push forward without order manifested itself in my command. I endeavored to prevent the disorder, but found it impossible. Our regiment was strung over two miles of road. The wagons in the center, except one teamster who had broken orders and gone in advance of the foremost command. He had in his wagon two very sick men, Captain James Odell and John Eakins. Bill Hackett, a black man employed by Col. Keys and myself to wait on us, was in advance, and when the wagoners passed him, Odell, suffering with inflammatory rheumatism, called to Bill to inform me immediately that the teamster, Jack Roads, had driven over nigger heads and boulders (which were numerous in Sandusky plains), at a rapid rate in order to force the invalids out of his wagon, in order to take in pay passengers, and if they were not relieved, Atkins «and he must beg to be thrown out by the roadside and die! Hackett soon informed me what had taken place. I hastened and overtook my frierid Roads, and ordered him to halt; he re­ fused. I placed myself before the team, and repeated the order. He drove on, notwithstanding Odell and Eakins were begging him for God's sake to stop the team! I then drew my sword, a heavy cutlass, and made a dash at Roads. He threw himself between the.hind horses and Bill Hackett, catching the lines stopped the team. I then ordered Roads under guard, and Bill Hackett, who was a good driver to take charge of the team. Roads at first refused to march under guard, so I' or­ dered Captain Jones, who commanded the firstguard , to tie his hands and fasten him to the hinder part of the wagon. About this time the front part of our regiment had arrived. Among them were friends of Roads and his brother-in-law, Andy Lare. I saw in a moment that I would have trouble to enforce my order. Several of the soldiers and several of the Autobiograpdy of Allen Trimble. 97 officers thought that I was too, severe, that Col. Keys was com­ mander of the regiment, etc., etc. , ,rf At this moment a messenger brought word that tBe' Indians had killed two men and wounded others of the,.£egiment who were in advance of us, and it was ©apposed that there was a large Indian force in the woods adjoining the plains, in which we were marching. So this news relieved nie from the necessity of in- forcing my order at some hazard of a mutiny. But now my prompt and energetic action, as they called it,„ "was highly approved." I merely mention this occurrence to show, that when threatened with danger, men appreciate and approve what under other circumstances they would very severely condemn. It was true that Col. Keys' commanded the regiment •• and the order for Roads' arrest would have come more properly • from him, but as he did not choose to act, and Odell had sent word to me of his and Aikin's suffering ; I determined at once to take the responsibility of arresting .Roads. I had also been so unfortunate as to incur the displeasure of our teamsters, on the outward march on the day we left Franklintown. The baggage and provision wagons, five in number, were permitted to follow in the rear of the regiment. It was a warm day and the fine springs in the valley of Whetstone near the roads of­ fered the wagoners, wagon-master and his guard of ten men a fine opportunity of taking their grog. They had indulged rather freely and had fallen some distance behind the troops. The regiment marched on until sundown and encamped. About dark, one of the guards of- the baggage came up and in­ formed us that the teamsters had also encamped, about three or four miles back, he said; that the wagon-master, Judge Bell, had used his influence and authority to bring them up, but in vain. The officers and men were in a bad temper, the provisions and blankets, they said, could not be dispensed with, without suffer­ ing, and they called upon the Colonel to take some order upon the subject. So he called the officers together and stated the matter, as reported by the guard, to-wit: that the wagoners had stopped and encamped some 3 or 4 miles below, etc., etc., and then asked, "What shall be done?" There was no response to his inquiry. I remarked, however, that it Was his duty as Commandant of the Regiment to order those rebellious teamsters to report themselves with the provis­ ions and baggage without delay at our encampment, and to sec that the order was obeyed, immediately. He said as the road was a difficult one in daylight and the night was exceedingly dark, he doubted whether it would be possible for the teams to be brought up. But he said, "I order, you, Major Trimble, if it be possible, to bring them.to our camp, and for that purpose take twenty men." I told him I only wanted five and I immediately selected 98 Autobiography of Allen Trimble. r that number, including my waiter, Bill Hackett, and the night being very dark, made a torch of Hickory bark and marched back to the wagoner's encampment. They had fed and curried their horses, eaten their evening meal, and, with the wagon-mas­ ter and his guard, stretched themselves upon their blankets and some of them were fast asleep. I called for the wagon-master, Samuel Bell. He awoke; I told him I was authorized to arrest him for neglect of duty, to take command of the guard, and march them with the teams and their drivers to our camp. Bell said he could not force the drivers and teamsters, who positively refused to move or drive after dark, etc., etc. I turned to the wagoners and ordered them to gear up their horses immediately and take to the road. One of them positively refused. I then ordered my faithful man, Bill Hackett, to gear this man's team, and drive it, and then ordered the owner (Holton) under guard. He flew to his wagon, seized his whip and swore he would knock down the first man that approached him. I immediately ordered the guard to charge upon him, with their bayonets. And if he struck one of them with his whip to shoot him. In a moment he was surrounded with bayo­ nets, and he soon.saw that the balance of the order would be obeyed if he dared to strike a blow. In a few minutes the horses were all harnessed and ready for a march. By the aid of torch­ lights the teams were able to keep the road and we reached our encampment about twelve o'clock, midnight. Holton was restored to the command of his team, but I informed him that he would be tried the'next morning by a Court Martial, for his gross disobedience of orders, coming as the order did from an officer. He said that he-did not know that he was subject to martial law and promised to obey in the future the orders of his officers, which pledge saved him from severe punishment. He thought, however, as did Roads, that I was too severe with him and also with them, but they would leave the matter to be settled if he lived to return, and when my authority ceased and thus they both made many threats, as I afterwards understood, which, however, they never attempted to execute. Except that Roads, on the occasion of my return from my farm some two years after­ wards, when on horseback, fell in my rear, accompanied by his neighbor, Michael Coons, and he told Coons he had not before had so favorable an opportunity of executing his threat "to give me a thrashing," as the present, and, aS I was alone, he would take me off my horse and make me ask his pardon, or take a flogging, himself. They were probably fiftyyard s in my rear, when a bush from the road side threw off my hat. I turned my horse • and, with­ out dismounting, reached and picked up my hat from the ground and then rode on rapidly without a moments' loss of time. Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 99

I was overtaken fey Roads and Coons, and spoke to them pleasantly. "Well, boys, how do you do?" said I. They re­ turned the salutation, Coons adding, "Well, General, your pick­ ing up your hat just back without getting off your horse saved you from getting a flogging for Jack had determined to pay you up the old grudge for putting him under guard, etc., etc., but I advised him not to undertake to unhorse you, but rather rnake friends, etc." I thanked him for his kindness and told Roads that I was gratified to learn that he was willing to "be reconciled," that I had. only done my duty in the matter he complained of, and I felt sure he would not but feel regret at the treatment he had given the sick soldiers upon his cart. Then he admitted he had done wrong. So the trifling incident of picking up my hat prevented a encounter and settled a diffi­ culty that might have produced unpleasant consequences. The business of the office I had was not sufficient as I have before stated to employ all my time. I was, therefore, induced to accept agencies from the residents, to survey and sell lands, which proved to be a profitable business. Some of our citizens who thought the clerkship ought to satisfy me, complained that during the war I had been often absent, leaving an incompetent clerk in the office and that I had paid more attention to land operations than to the clerkship. I soon discovered that arrangements were being made to have a new set of Judges appointed with a view to secure the appoint­ ment of a new clerk, at the end of my term of seven years. The plan succeeded, Samuel Bell, who had been appointed one of the new Judges, received the appointment of Clerk. At the next election for representative, the man who had contributed as representative to select a court favorable to the new clerk, was permitted (then a candidate) to stay at home and I was elected by a large majority to the Legislature. This was in 1816 to 1817. The first Session of the General Assembly was held at Columbus. The next year I was elected to the Senate, and was re-elected to that.body for four successive terms, eight years in all. General Robert Lucas was Speaker of the Senate when I entered that body. On my arrival at Columbus, at the Assembly of the members of the next General Assembly, i. e., 1818 to 1819, I found General William Henry Harrison, Ebenezer Buckingham, and several other friends who had determined to oppose the election of General Lucas to the Chair of Speaker, and urged me to be their candidate. After some hesitation I consented, and after a close contest—the first half day's ballots being a tie, I was elected Speaker pro tem, which was afterwards confirmed by a respectable majority. This position I was honored with, whilst I remained in that body, until I was elected Chief Magistrate of the State in 1826. 100 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

In addition to the duties of a presiding officer, during this period, after the election of Governor Brown to the Senate of the United States, in 1822, the duties of the Executive devolved upon me as Speaker of the Senate'. At the election for Governor in 1822, my friends urged me to be a candidate; so I consented. It was supposed at the time that Mr. Morrow would be the only opposing candidate. Judge Irwin afterwards consented, and was made a third candidate. Mr. Morrow was elected. I was also elected by the General Assembly in 1824 one of the Commissioners of the Canal Fund, and was appointed with Gov. E. A. Brown and Ebenezer Buckingham in negotiating in New York the first canal loan for Ohio. It also fell to my lot to select the half million acres of land granted to Ohio by the Congress of the United States for Canal purposes, and this was regarded as a very responsible and arduous duty; although I was assisted by several experienced woodsmen, and judges of land, I I gave my personal 'attention to the subject, making^ a great portion of the selections from my own inspection, of the land entered, and although the season was more sickly on the San­ dusky and Maumee than usual, I escaped, as did Carey my son, who accompanied me, any serious illness. Lewis Davis of Cin­ cinnati, one of the pioneers of the State, and a consummate judge of lands, rendered me important aid in making those selections. The canal policy, or system of natural improvement, and the subject of Common Schools, were the ingrossing topics of that day. I had soon after I became a member of the Legislature, taken a position in favor of both those measures, and it was thought at the time I was elected Speaker of the Senate, in 1818 and 1819, that a knowledge of my opinion upon those subjects gave me the advantage of my opponent General Lucas, whose opinion upon the subject of education differed from mine. But I attributed my success to another cause. General Harrison had learned that General Lucas had been the leading officer, in getting up the meeting of the militia officers at Camp Bull, near Upper Sandusky in 1813, under command of Gen. Meigs; when resolutions, reflecting'upon Gen. Harrison, was adopted; and notwithstanding I was one of the officers",* Gen. Harrison, (as he apprised me), felt under obligations to me for my defense of his motives on that occasion. Whilst he denounced Gen. Lucas, as an unscrupulous and black hearted man, etc., for whom he had no respect and in whom he had no confidence. It would per­ haps be most proper to say, that both these influences were necessary to elect me, a new member, over an old and experienced Speaker. My appointment as Canal Commissioner caused my election to the Senate in 1825 to be contested. It was concluded that Commissioner of the Canal Fund was an office, and that I could not hold two offices. The Senate decided that Canal Commis- Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 101

sioner was not an office, under the Constitution, but as. there was some difference in opinion, I resigned my place as Commissioner. It was to be expected that I Would not be assisted in the dis­ charge of the duties of Speaker by the experience of Gen. Lucas. I was persuaded that he would conceal his mortification and if he should not seek opportunities to embarrass ine, he would certainly avail himself of any that might offer to show his superiority as a tactitian, so I determined to treat him respect­ fully, give him the position his experience and ability as fa Representative entitled him to, on Committees, to be appointed by the Speaker; but avoid any familiarity or apparent desire to consult him as a friend. By this course he was disarined, and as he said to his friend, Wombledorff, of Galipn, at the close of the session: "I have been carefully observing the course,pur­ sued by Mr. Speaker Trimble, in the discharge of his official duties, and I must say that in the appointment of Committees, he has acted fairly, and in the performance of the other duty, of presiding officer, (especially in the Impeachment Case),acquitted himself with much credit; and I shall cheerfully vote for the usual resolution of thanks on the occasion." The Impeachment Case referred to was from the County of Columbiana. Two Associate Judges were charged with corrup­ tion in the appointment of a Clerk; after a tedious investigation the honorable Representatives preferred Articles of Impeach­ ment to the Senate. Managers on the part of the House were appointed to conduct the prosecution and they, with their counsel, and the defendants, with their counsel, appeared before the Senate, on a day set for the commencement of the trial. The Senate having been organized, and sworn as a high Court of Impeachment, under the Constitution. The defendants were arraigned and pled "Not guilty " to the charges preferred against them. A number of witnesses were sworn, some on the Bible, some with uplifted hands, and others affirmed. The Speaker was President of this high Court, and required to administer the necessary oaths; keep order, and decide all questions of law that might arise, subject to an appeal from to the Court. The issue being made'up, the leading witness was called by the managers, Messrs. McDowell, Cutter, and Kerling, and Mr. .Thos. Ewing, attorney for the prosecution. When Mr. McC. Wright demanded, and Mr. M. Goodman, counsel for defendants, raised % question of law, as to the legality of the Articles of Impeachment, and moved that the impeachment be quashed, etc. The question was argued at great length by-Messrs. Wright and Hammond, on one side, and Ewing and McDowell on the other. Authorities were read on both sides, and the case sub­ mitted for decision to the President of the Court. It was a moment of intense interest, for both parties had contended that upon the decision of this question, the guilt or innocence of the defendants would probably be settled. It was not therefore 102 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

strange that the accused judges, two venerable looking men, and their friends, who believed in their innocence, many of whom were present, the Representatives of the people, the counsel on both sides, and a vast assemblage of citizens, filling the Senate Chamber, the hall and lobbies, to their utmost capac­ ity, should all look with hope for a decision, favorable to their views and wishes. The moment the question was submitted, General Harrison of the Court, rose and moved, "that the Order „• to give the President of the Court time to examine the Author­ ities quoted, and consider the important questions, he was called upon to decide," "That the Court adjourn until the following ;day." It was my duty as President of the Court to put this question, I rose, and remarked "that I appreciated fully the motives of the Honorable Member of the Court who had made the motion to adjourn'for,, the purpose indicated; but as I felt that I understood the question as well as I probably would do after examining and attempting to reconcile a mass of conflicting authorities, I preferred to decide the questions whilst the argu­ ments of counsel were fresh in my mind. If, therefore, the Honorable Member would withdraw the motion to adjourn, I would at once decide the motion, and let the question go to the Court on an appeal which I hoped would be taken. The motion. to adjourn was withdrawn and I overruled the motion of defend­ ant's counsel, to quash the Impeachment, and stated that I made this decision without regard to the guilt or innocence, of the defendants, with which the motion to quash the Impeachment should in my mind have no influence. Mr. Wright said they would ask for time to confer with defendants whether they .would take an appeal from the decision of the presiding officer. The Court therefore adjourned. As we retired from the court room, several gentlemen complimented me for my firm decision of so important a question. Mr. Wright came up to me and took my arm, and as we walked to the hotel, asked me whether I had ever studied law. I hesitated and gave him a look which he did not altogether understand; and he said he had inquired, and learned that I was not a professional lawyer; but he supposed from my prompfiture in questioning a witness, etc., that I must have spent some time in a law firm or court, and probably read law. I told him I had been clerk of a court for a few years, but had read very little law. When the Court met, Mr. Hammond stated that the defend­ ant's counsel would not appeal, but go to trial on the Articles of Impeachment as drawn up by the House of Representatives. The trial proceeded slowly. The examination of witnesses brought up questions of competency, to be decided by the President. On one occasion the testimony of witnesses was excluded. The attorneys said under the law the testimony was admissible, and read some authorities in support of their position, and expressed the hope that the President would reconsider the Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 103

question. The reply: "That common law was said to be based upon and in harmony with common sense, and if so, the decision could not be changed without a total disregard of common sense," produced quite a hearty laugh. The case occupied several days, and resulted in the acquittal of the Judges by an (almost) unanimous vote, but one member, the Senator from Columbiana, Mr. Thompson, voting for con­ viction. The embarrassment I felt at the beginning of this proceeding, was, but for a moment, and scarcely observed, (as my friends told me), and at which they expressed surprise, for knowing, as they did, that I was a young man, and but recently placed in the Speaker's Chair, they looked for and expected that the position.of President of a High Court of Impeachment, and the solemnity of the arraignment, of two Judicial officers, the qualification and swearing apart of witnesses, and having to meet and devise questions of law and evidence without, a moment's warning, would certainly embarrass me. After the trial, the defendants requested Mr. Richardson, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, arid Representative of their county, (Columbiana), to tender to me their acknowledgments, for the respectful manner in which I had treated them, when I had occasion to mention their names as defendants, charged with high crimes, etc., and I have no doubt they felt what they said, for afterwards when I was candidate for Chief High Magis­ trate, Columbiana County gave me a heavy majority, although I differed in many ways in national politics. At the next election in 1824, my friends again insisted upon my being a candidate, and I reluctantly consented. Mr. Morrow was again elected. But I was elected in 1826 to succeed-Mr. Morrow and again for a second term in 1828. At the last election the Jackson Party nominated Samuel W. Campbell, who would have been elected if he had received all their votes, for they had or could have had a majority of votes, and would have probably carried the election if they had known their strength. Some of the leaders of that party told me- after the election that they had voted for me because they knew that I had been a faithful public servant. And there was nothing to •• be gained by electing.a Jackson Governor. Others said that they did not know their strength, and supposed their candidate could not be elected, etc. Both reasons did, and may have probably operated to prove the truth. The Whig Party to which I belonged, was in the majority during my term as Governor, in the Legislature, and carried the election of Governor, afterwards until General Lucas was elected in 1832, Governor McArthur having been elected in 1830. I believe it is conceded by all who have been in office or had any experience upon the subject, that the most unpleasant duty that devolves upon an Executive in office, is that which apper­ tains to the pardoning power. At the commencement of our 104 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

Penitentiary System, there were few, if any, of the convicts, but had friends, who interested themselves to obtain pardons for their unfortunate fellow citizens, sent to the State Prison. I mention a few of those cases of pepuliar character: When the duties of the Executive devolved on me, as presiding officer of the Senate, I called on Gov. Brown at the Executive office to receive the keys of the office and possession of the executive documents. Whilst engaged with the Governor, two women, one With a babe in. her arms, entered the office. The mother addressed herself to the Governor, inquired, "What was his decision on her application for the pardon of her husband? He replied that he Was no longer the Governor of Ohio; that her application was transferred with the office, to Mr. Speaker Trimble, adding, "Mr. Speaker, L introduce you to Mrs. Redman, whose husband is in the State Prison." Mrs. Redman who was a large, masculine woman, cast upon the Governor a most indignant look, and exclaimed, "It is what I expected, and how could I hope for anything better, from an old stag of a bachelor who has no sympathy for an unfortunate woman. I wonder the people of Ohio put such an unfeeling man in the office of Governor," and turning to me (the Governor looking perfectly stupefied) she said, "Well, Mr. Trimble, "What can you do for me and my poor husband?" I replied very calmly that I was but'just entering upon the duties of the office, and could not give her. an answer until I could examine the case of her husband, which it would be impossible for me to do for several days. She left, repeating her denunciation of Gov. Brown, declaring that she would remain at the prison with her husband until he was pardoned, or served his term out. Knowing her husband's character for he was one of very low habits from Fayette' County, I soon determined not to pardon him, and sent a note to that effect, to the keeper of the prison. A few days after the keeper called on me and inquired if I had a daughter, some six or seven years old? I told him I had, he said one of the guard had overheard a conversation between Redman, his "wife and sister, after they learned that I would not pardon him. The wife and sister were to return to Fayette, and the sister to proceed to Highland'County, and if possible;get employment as a hired girl in my family, or in some neighboring family, which ever would afford the best opportunity of ^stealing my little daughter, and if successful, bear her off to a friend of theirs who would place her beyond our reach, and only return •her, upon the pardon of Redman. From what I had-seen and heard of the Redrrian family I was satisfied they would attempt to carry out their plan. I therefore wrote to my wife who was at a farm house three'miles from Hillsboro, not to employ a stranger, and to keep Eliza, our daughter, .constantly at home and under her own eyes; I have never doubted but this precaution was necessary for Miss Redman actually, as we were informed," IS

Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 105 came to the neighborhood and sought employment. Had Eliza been permitted, as she had been, to ride alone from the farm to town, there is no telling what might have happened. There was a man by the name of Birdsell of Hamilton County, condemned to be hanged for the murder of his wife.. There was much diversity of opinion, as to the state of mind Birdsell was in when he committed the murder; even doctors differed, as they often do upon other subjects. There was no doubt but the murder was committed, when Birdsell was under the influence of delirium, produced by intoxication, to which he was subject. A petition signed, by Dr. Drake, Judge Burnet and other dis­ tinguished citizens of Cincinnati and vicinity,- and was presented to me, stating the character and condition of Birdsell, and the opinion that he was deranged, and ought not to be executed, and recommended him as a fit subject for executive clemency. Undef the Act of General Assembly authorizing the Governor to commute the punishment of death for imprisonment in the penitentiary for life, I sent by the messenger bearing the petition, a pardon, with the requisite endorsement to be signed by Birdsell, agreeing to be imprisoned for life. The messenger on the day named for the execution, arrived at the prison only a few hours before the execution, was to take place. When the prisoner was informed that a pardon had been procured, and the condition, he refused to sign the agreement, and said he would rather die than go to the penitentiary; His friends urged him to sign the agreement, but he positively refused. The sheriff took him from the prison, placed him on his coffin, and proceeded to the gallows. After the religious ceremony, the rope was put round his neck, and the executioner told him he had but one minute more time, his friends urging him to put his signature to the agreement; and it was said, some one took his hand and caused him to make his mark, but that be as it may, his execution was suspended and he was sent to the State Prison, where he remained for the balance of his life. There was a vast assemblage to see the execution, and the majority desired to see Birdsell hung, and were greatly 'disappointed and gave vent to their indignation by hanging the Governor in effigy, etc. Some ten days after this-event I had occasion to go to Cincin­ nati with our daughter Eliza Jane, who had paid us a visit, and was returning at the commencement of a session: travel was then by stage via Williamsburgh, and we reached Cincinnati the second day at twelve O'clock. The stage line from Hillsboro to. Cincinnati was owned by J. A. T. & C, and the driver, who had driven into the city, Geo. Lare, was a young man who had lived in my family. A few hours after the stage arrived at the Broadway house where I took lodgings, George Lare came to my room and said he had been asked by two rough looking men who came to the stable, if Governor Trimble came in the stage that he drove in. He answered "Yes." They turned and walked 106 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

off, observing in a low tone " Damn him, now is our time." Soon after, a third person came to the stable, and not, observing him, said to the hostler in his hearing that they had just heard that Gov. Trimble was in the city, and they intended to give him a cold bath in the rivertha t night. I told George to see that his horses were made safe, and I would take care of myself. Dr. Drake soon after called on me, and invited me to his house, he said he never seen the population of the city so much excited as when the announcement was made at the gallows that Birdsell would not be hung, he supposed the feeling of indignation against me had subsided, but it would do no harm to be on my guard. I remained in the city two days, visited several acquaint­ ances and left without insult or injury. There was another case of a man sent from Cincinnati to the penitentiary, of very different character from those I have men­ tioned. On his way from Pennsylvania to St. Louis, this gentleman, for he was a respectable farmer, stopped at Cincinnati, and found that a boat would not leave the city for several days, he concluded to visit a family from Pennsylvania, that had settled spme seven or eight miles west of Cincinriati, and he started by day-light on foot and some four miles out, he overtook two men carrying each a heavy load of carpenters' tools. They inquired where he lived and where bound, etc. He told them and inquired if they knew the family he was going to see. They said they did, and was going past their house. The Pennsylvanian said he was glad to find company and kindly offered to carry some of their tools. The offer was accepted and they travelled on about a mile when they halted a few minutes to rest, for their loads were heavy. Suddenly the pretended owners of the tools, asked their travelling friend to remain a few minutes, whilst they retired into an adjoining corn field for a necessary purpose, and return. They soon disappeared and in a few minutes two men on horseback rode up, and arrested the traveler, and regardless of his protestations of innocence, they forced him to shoulder as many of the tools as he could carry. They took the rest and marched him back to the city. The owner of the tools and the constable swore they overtook this man in possession of the tools. Court was sitting, and on the testimony of the owner and officer he was indicted, found guilty, and the next day sent to the state prison; where he remained about one year. It so happened that one of the burglars who had assisted in stealing and carrying away the tools, found in possession of the honest traveller, was afterward arrested for a different crime, found guilty and sent to the penitentiary. Soon after his arrival seeing the innocent Pennsylvanian, he was conscience smitten, and sent for the keeper, N. McClane, and told him that he himself was the guilty person, and related the cir­ cumstances, as above, adding that they saw the horsemen approaching when they (his partner and himself) escaped, and Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 107

left the stranger and innocent man to suffer. When the keeper of the prison informed me of those facts, I started a subscription among the members of the Legislature, and raised $100 which was presented to the unfortunate man with his pardon. I have forgotten his name. I understood from the keeper that the mortification of this man was so great that he requested Mr. McClane not to inform his family and friends, if inquiry should be made for him, as he feared it would be, as he had seen his name published among the convicts, sent from Cincinnati, etc. He said he had determined, if possible, to conceal from his family the unfortunate accident. , A' large proportion of inmates of the penitentiary at that period were makers or venders of counterfeit. One crfse occured that proved in its development how extensive that trade in that commodity was; one of the most active and successful agents of an association extending over Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Mis­ souri, S. W., and to Pennsylvania and Canada N. E. A man in Fayette Co., Ohio, was arrested, tried and convicted on a charge*of passing counterfeit bank bills, and sent to the penitentiary for ten years. After his conviction and sentence, and before he was taken from the prison in Washington, he procured' and took enough arsenic to have killed ten men. The effect was so instantaneous upon the stomach, that violent vom­ itives threw off most of the poison, but left enough to paralyze his physical powers to such a degree, that he could neither stand or walk. In that condition he was taken to Columbus and placed in the State Prison. I knew this man. He was an officer in the militia, a man of fine appearance, gentlemanly deportment, and of more than ordinary intellect. Some time during the first year of his confinement he sent a message to me by the keeper of the prison: that he felt it his duty before he died to make a full confession of his own guilt and to communi­ cate to the Governor of the State, some facts in relation to the operation of parties that had been associated with him, that might be useful to the country. * Wm. Neil one of the, directors of the penitentiary, agreed to accompany me. We took Wm. Doherty, Clerk of the House of Representatives, with us. We were led to the unfortunate man's room. He was stretched upon his bed, in a paroxism of pain, with an expression of countenance that indicated excru­ ciating agony of body and mind. As soon as the fitpasse d Off, I took his hand and calling him by name (Captain Curry), said, "I am sorry to see you under such distressing circumstances." He replied calmly, for his mind was clear and vigorous: "0! Gov­ ernor, I deserve all that I suffer; and as I feel that my time in this world is short and that the only atonement I can make for my crimes is to make a full confession, and ask the forgiveness of my God and my country, I have sent for you, the Governor of the State to communicate some facts that may be useful to the 108 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

country." He said he felt absolved from all obligations of secrecy; not because some of those, who had induced him into an illegal association, and imposed the obligation of secrecy upon him, had not only deserted him but been his most bitter pros­ ecutors, but because the concealment would increase the criminal operations, in which he had been so extensively engaged. He then commenced his citation, the material parts of which were written down by Coi. Doherty, and left with me. He named the person, a citizen of Highland, who gave him the first counterfeit money he ever knowingly passed, and gave him the names of other persons in Highland, Fayette., and Clinton Counties, who were engaged in the business. That he, Captain Curry, afterwards became the general agent for prbcuring and distributing counterfeit money, and for this purpose he obtained or was furnished with confidential communications to manu­ facturers, and distributing agents from St. Louis to Pittsburg, and to Canada, including the intervening country. The princi­ pal manufactory of counterfeit Bank Notes was on a small island in Lake Erie, belonging to Upper Canada, owned and operated by a family from New York by the name 6f Burrows. The father made the plates and the daughter painted and filled up the notes, and sold them by sheets or quires as purchasers chose, at ten per cent ($10 per hundred). And so perfect were the plates, the paper and fillingu p with signatures, that it was difficult to detect any difference between the genuine and spurious, or counterfeit notes. At this establishment Capt. Curry filled his saddle-bags, and set out upon his circuit; depositing with resident agents in the different states and counties according to circumstances, and receiving a per centum of 25 per cent, in money or promise to pay, according to circumstances; and at the close of each circuit, settle up with his Highland; Clinton and Fayette partners; then visit Miss Burrows and get an outfit for another tour, etc. In this way Capt. Curry had been operating for several years. I recollect perfectly, soon after the War of 1812 and '13, counter­ feit passed money became very abundant, so much so, that if was almost iriipossible for a man of business not to have a coun­ terfeit bill occasionally in his possession, and it was considered by many persons not improper to pass them off, and no exception by public opinions taken to such acts; hence, some of those per­ sons named by. Captain Curry who were large distributors pf counterfeit money, shielded themselves under the common excuse, made by others, not engaged in receiving knowingly and passing base money; that they received it as good money and therefore passed it. I recollect soon after the war referred to we sold goods in Hillsboro, on a day of a general muster, an officer (the man named by Curry) called to me as he passed the store and handed me a $20 bill and told me to credit him with the amount. The Autobiography of Allen Trimble. 109

next time I saw him I returned the note as a counterfeit. He said he knew where he got it and took it without hesitation. I am confident, from Curry's representation, that this man passed thousands of dollars of counterfeit money, before fie met his fate, an accidental and hoirible death, and it is true most of the others named by Capt. Curry as his partners left to their families neither character nor property. As Curry was incapable of further mischief I proposed giving him his. liberty, he thanked me and said he was better where he was, and as he could not live many days he did not wish to distress his family further than he had done, etc. Captain Curry's disclosure was not confidential, yet he re­ quested (for the sake of the families of the men implicated), that the information he had given, should be used only where the interest of the country would be benefited by it, and I was to be the judge. ' The request has been- complied with. Although I had full confidence in the truth of Capt. Curry's statements in relation to the persons connected with him in the- Counties of Fayette, Highland, and Clinton, I concluded he gave an exaggerated account of Miss Burrows and her operations. But afterward met a Mr. Smith, who then lived near Newhope in Clermont County, 0., who said he was well acquainted with the character of Burrows, and the circumstances that fixed his destiny, Mr. Smith gave me the following relation: Burrows was a man of fair character, respectably connected, and in com­ fortable circumstances. He was one of the best engravers in New York, and had made and engraved several plates for bank­ ing companies. He innocently, as he always affirmed, engraved a set of plates for persons in the northern part of New York, who represented themselves as the agents of a banking company, holding a charter from the State. The plate was used by these persons for counterfeiting purposes. They were arrested and implicated Burrows, as the master spirit of.the concern, who was arrested, convicted and sent to the penitentiary. There were petitions numerously signed for his pardon. The officers of the banks used their influence to prevent his pardon being granted on the ground *that he was, and would bo, if discharged, a dangerous man. He.served his term, six years. When at liberty he found him­ self deserted by his friends, and he determined to leave the country. His wife, a woman of talent and good education, had devoted much attention to the educatiori of her children. The daughter referred to was a good scholar and a beautiful writer. Burrows and family left New York without knowing where they would locate, notifying the bankers of that State, that he would be avenged for their cruel treatment to an innocent man. When he arrived in Upper Canada, he selected the secluded spot referred to, and went to work on plates in perfect imitation of those of the • New York bankers, and his daughter procured 110 Autobiography of Allen Trimble.

paper, printed and filled up the notes, imitating as it was said, the signatures of Presidents and Cashiers so perfectly that those officers themselves were unable to detect the counterfeit. I understood from Mr. Smith that after Mr. Burrows and his daughter made an independent fortune, they left their retreat, changedtheir name and went to parts unknown.

Correspondence and Papers of Allen Trimble, Governor of Ohio. I [Gen. W. H. Harrison to Col. Allen Trimble.] HEADQUARTERS, FORT 8. MARY'S, 6th Oct., 1812. SIR : As the Senior Officer of the mounted Volunteers from the State of Ohio, assembled at this place, you will please to take command of them. The object for which I wish to employ them at present is to surprise some Potawntomie towns about seventy-five or eighty miles beyond Fort Wayne and about twenty or thirty beyond the towns on Elk Hart, lately destroyed by a detachment of the army under my command. You have a guide furnished you and you will use every means in your power to reach the towns undiscovered by the enemy. In which case you will attack them as soon as you can make a disposition for the purpose. The women and children will be made prisoners and brought off, and the houses and' all the provisions destroyed. It is believed that there are sev­ eral towns in the same neighborhood, all of which may be within the reach of your operations. There is another object that will engage your attention of no little importance. A few days ago I sent Capt. Smith with a troop of dragoons to bring from Fort Wayne a piece of artillery that was left there by Gen'l Winchester. By an Express from Capt. Smith I am informed that it is believed by the garrison, that there is a party of Indians in the neighborhood, which are superior to Smith's troop. In consequence of this information, he (Capt. Smith), determined very properly to remain there until reinforced. I can­ not believd that there are many Indians near Fort Wayne because they have nothing to subsist on, but as there may be, you will approach that place by taking a route which shall bring you to the rear of it in the man- mer which I shall more particularly explain to you, and endeavour to cut them off. Upon your arrival at Fort Wayne, Capt. Smith will immediately commence his march to this place, and you will send with him two full companies to continue with hirn until he is met by Major Jenkinspn's Bat­ talion, which will start tomorrow for that purpose. Your two Companies will then return to join you, and you will proceed with all possible expedition to the accomplishment of the object mentioned in thefirst part of this letter. Having succeeded in which you will return to this place and dis­ miss the Companies composing your command to their several Regiments. Wishing you complete success. I am Respectfully Y'r Hb'l Serv. WILLM. HENRY HARRISON. COL. TRIMBLE, Com. 8th Ohio Volunteers at St. Mary's: Correspondence of Allen Trimble. ' 111

P. S. Since writing the above I have determined that Major Jenkineon shall go all the way to Fort Wayne, you need not therefore send Any men back with Capt. Smith; but proceed immediately from Fort Wayne to the Potawatomie towns. W. H. H.

[Col. Allen Trimble to Gen. W. H. Harrison.] ST. MARY'S, Oct. 20th, 1812. GENERAL HARRISON : SIR: That part of the Regiment under my command Which continued with me from Fort Wayne after the shameful retreat of a part from Fort Wayne, have returned to this place, and agreeably to your order and the advise of Colonel Barber, have given them a discharge. And the most painful part of my duty now is, to give you a history of those facts which combined to defeat the expedition on which I was ordered. You will recollect, sir, the difficulty of marching a part of the Regiment from St. Mary's, and although after your address, they marched off with apparent cheerfulness, it was but a short time before the same disaffected part, both officers and soldiers were harping about the danger of the expedition, and on our arrival at Fort Wayne, their suspicions were strengthened and con-' firmed hy a soldier, taken at Chicago by the Potawatomees, and escaped from their town to Fori Wayne, I must here add, sir, that those persons given for guides (particularly Ash), used their influence in discouraging the men, both of whom I believe to be men in whom confidence ought not to be placed. During our stay at Fort Wayne, from the 10th to the 12th, owing to constant rain, considerable murmuring was heard in camp about the impropriety of pursuing the rout prescribed any farther, having first ascertained from consulting, that a majority of the officers were willing to march in a direction to the Pofowatomie towns. I issued an order for the Regiment to march in that direction at 6 P. M. of the 12th, by which time to my mortification and astonishment the Regiment was reduced from 407 to little upwards of 250 men, a number of whom were left without officers. This alone would be saying enough of those officers, but to this and that the commandment of a battallion (to-wit: Major Edwards of Adams), pro­ posed a credit each man of his battallion of a tour of duty that would return with him. This man, with a Captain Morrison, of the same county, as I have been informed, used ev«ry exertion in their power to reduce the regiment, and among other round statements, false assertions and absolute untruth, hesitate not to say, that in your address you assured them that the towns to which I was ordered were npt more than 15 or 20 miles from Fort Wayne. But the dastardly wretch who would desert his men in the hour of danger, regardless of the shame and disgrace which he bring* on himself and country, mortification and probable dishonor of his superior officers, would do or say anything but what becomes the officer and gentle­ man. On the morning of the 12th, Major Jenkinson's battalion arrived at Fort Wayne, and was solicited, if agreeable to his orders, to accompany us to the Indian towns, to which he agreed, provided provision could he ljad for his men. This detained ine to the 13th, whemit was found Major Jenkinson would not accompany iis. I then ordered a march, and it being nearly in in the direction, proceeded to an Indian town on Eel river, which had been destroyed, where we got corn for our horses. It was then determined by a large majority of the officers, that as we could march but about 250 men, and had no confidence in our guide, it would be imprudent to go to the Pot- owatomie towns. I then proceeded toward a town on the Wabash (where it was supposed by the officers of Fort Wayne, the Indians who frequently were sesn about the post, got provisions and encamped.) I reached this town on the loth, after passing and destroying a small village on Eel river. At the town on the Wabash, there were about 12 or 15 Indians that might have been killed or taken, had the spies not deceived us by falsely repre- 112 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

Renting the distance when near the town, and approaching in such a man­ ner as to be discovered by the enemy. From the manner in which they acted I am confident they did not intend that we should either kill or touch an Indian. We then returned tp Fort Wayne, and our provisions being exhausted, determined to return to St. Mary's. When agreeable to your order, and Col. Barber's advise, I dis­ missed the company. It is lamentable that such troops as I commanded, cannot, on short tours, be reduced to that subordination and discipline, which is necessary and are generally better calculated to ensure their com­ mander mortification and disappointment than "Success. But in justice to those of the regiment who remained with me, I must say, they evidenced a willingness to go where there was danger, and were generally anxious to have accomplished the object of the expedition if the officers had thought proper, with 30 few, to have attempted it—the men would have marched even to Morrowstown, if in their power. As it is not for me to say whether I have acted properly, I hope you will do me the honor to answer my letter^ although unceasing business of more importance requires your whole attention. I have the honor to be ALLEN TRIMBLE, Col. Commanding [Gin. W. H. Harrisona Regiment to Col. Allenof Ohio Trimble.] Mounted Volunteers. HEADQUARTERS, FRANKLINTON, NOV, 18th, 1812. SIR: Major Trimble delivered to me two days ago, your letter of the 12th, ultimo. I had previously been informed of the failure of the expedi­ tion under your command. It gives me pleasure, however, to say, that all accounts which I had received acquit you of any participation in the blame which justly attached to those whose conduct obliged you to return'with­ out accomplishing the object for which you were sent." Your exertions on this occasion, sir, as well as those belonging to your command, who were willing to do their duty, merit my thanks, and Tbeg you to communicate it to them in such manner as you may deem proper. Major Trimble informs me that he has been censured by the mutineers for the non-performance of the promise he made them upon the score of forage. I had supposed that this matter had been f':lly explained by me sit St. Mary's. I did not, it is true, authorize the Major to promise forage, but from the exertions which we wore making to throw in a supply at St. Mary's, when he left it. he might very reasonably have formed the con­ clusion that it would be furnished. The causes of disappointment were explained in my address to your regi­ ment, and thny then appeared,perfectly, satisfied. In fact, they had not the least reason to complain, as {liev fared as well in.every respect, as the six and twelve months' Dragoons of the Army. I can therefore view their clamours against Mtrjor Trimble in no other light than' as a feeH;> pretext to cover their ow[GPH.n disgraceful.conduct Return J. Mciys. toWit Col.h grea Allent Regar Trimble.]d and Respect , I am Sir, Yr. Hum. Srvt.. ClIILLK'OTllli, July 11,1SI,'1. _Col DEAo R AM.ESin:N TRIMBLEAbsence. delayed my answerinWILLMg your. sHENR soonerY HARRISON. I this .cla y give orders to Gen. Fons, Commandant of the 2nd Division to order an Election for thefirst Brigade thereof. I cannot longer consider General McArthur as Commandant of that Division. I shall not give any Com­ mission for Brigadier in consequence of any Elections held under his Orders. I am Sir, Yr. M. Oh. St. A I.LISN TRIMBLE, Esq. RETURN J. MEIGS. Correspondence of Allen Trimble 113

•. t [Gen. Jos. Foos to Maj. Allen Trimble.] FRANKLINTON, July 22,1813. DEAR SIR: I have taken the liberty of troubling you with a request to write and put up at the proper place, a sufficient number,of advertisements, copies of the enclosed, be careful that the time, number and place is equ­ able to law. Jos. Fops. MAJOR .TRIMBLE. In pursuance to instructions, from His Excellency, the Governor of this State—the commissioned officers of the Regt in thefirst Big'd , 2d Division, are notified to meet at the on the Day of engagement far the purpose of electing a Bigd. Gen'l to command said Bigd. July 22,1813. Jos. Foos, Bigd. Genl, 4th Bidg, and MAJOR ALLEN TRIMBLE, Commandant of m Div., Ohio Militia. Hillsborough, Hiland County. Mailed from Franklinton, July 23,1813.

[Gen.W. H. Hdrrisouio Gov. Meigs.] HEADQUARTERS, UPPER SANDUSKY, August 6th, 1813. DEAR SIR: Your Excellency's letter of the 1st inst, was deliveted to me yesterday morning by Col. Brush. The exertions which you have made, and.the promptitude with which your orders have been obeyed to assemble the' Militia, to repel the late invasion of the enemy, is truly astonishing, and reflects the highest honor on the State. Believing that in a formal interview I could best explain to you the intentions of the Government, and my own views, I determined to come on to this place to see you. I have now the honor to repeat to you, "in this way, the result of my deliberations upon the employment of the Militia, and most of the facts upon which my determination is founded. It has been the intention of the Government to form the Army, destined for the operations upon Lake Erie, exclusively of Regular troops, if they could be raised. The number was limited to 7,000, the deficiency of Regu­ lars was to" be made up from the militia. From all the information I at presunt possess, I am convinced that there will be a great deficiency In the contemplated number of troops, even after the militia now in service (and whose terms will not uxpirc"iiiiuie dia,tely), has been added to the Regulars. I have thereforerailed upo n the Governor of Kentucky for 2,000 effective men, with these there will still be a defect of perhaps 1,200. Your Excellency has stated to me that the men who have turned out up­ on this occasion have done it with an expectation that they would be effectually employed, and that should they be sent home, there is no pros­ pect of getting them to turn' out, should, it be hereafter required. To em­ ploy them all is impossible with my utmost exertions, the embarkation cannot be effected in a less time thanfifteen o r eighteen days;. should I even determine to substitute them for the Regular troops, which are ex­ pected. To keep sqjarge a force in thefield, eve n for a short period, would consume the means which are provided for the support of the Campaign, and which are only..collected for the number of men stated. Under these circumstances I would recommend a middle course to your Excellency, viz: To dismiss all the militia but. two Regiments of ten Companies each, of one hundred men, and a legal proportion offield and platoon officers, non-com­ missioned officers and musicians. That this corps be encamped at or near this place-until it is ascertained whether .their services will be wanted. A short time will determine this question. ' Permit me to request your Excellency to giye your countenance and sup­ port to the exertions which General McArthur will make tofill u p the 26th Regiment of twelve months troops. 114 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

It appears that the venerable Governor of Kentucky is about to take command of the troops of that State, would your Excellency think proper to follow his example, I need not tell you how highly gratifying it would be to, Dear Sir, Your Friend, WILLIAM H. HARRISON. His Excellency, A true copy of the original. Governor MEIGS. By order of the Commander-in-Chief, Headquarters, Ohio Militia. JOSEPH N. COUCH Aid-de-camp.

[Allen Trimble to Gov. Othniel Looker.] HILLSBOROUGH, OHIO, August 4,1814. To HIS EXCELLENCY, OTHNIEL LOOKER: SIR: Although I have not had the pleasure of a personal acquaintance with your Excellency I am nevertheless disposed to ask the interposition of your authority as Commander-in-Chief of the Militia of this State—in a matter which to me is of some importance; and that you may see the pro­ priety of my demand I shall make to you the following statement, i. e.: In the Fall of 18121 was ohosen at Fort St. Marys to command a Regiment of Mounted Volunteers and was ordered by General Harrison to some Indian Towns west of Fort Wayne. When we arrived at Fort Wayne a meeting took place among the men of the 1st Battallion who were headed by Major George Edwards who faced to the right about with the greater part of his command. I proceeded with the balance of the men to Turtles Town on Eel River and Charleys Town on Wabash. It was then thought by every officer there with me (one only excepted) that it would be highly impru­ dent to proceed to the Potowatomie Towns the object of the expedition with the few men I then bad under my command; I therefore returned to St. Marys and made a report to the General whose answer the bearer Lieut' M'Clain will show you. On my return home having counseled with the then Governor and General M'Arthur I preferred charges against Major G. Edwards and the officers who returned with him. Colonel Stevenson the then Commander of the Brigade refused to arrest them. I then sent charges to the Governor w.ho appointed a Court but before they were cited to meet this the 2nd Division was ordered into service. On our arrival at Upper Sandusky Major Edwards appeared at the head of bis Battalion.. A num­ ber of the officers who had been with me at Fort Wayne were there and were unwilling to be commanded by Edwards until he should have a trial. I considered myself in duty bound to have his conduct investigated and demanded of the Governor a trial of George Edwards on the charges I had •exhibited. A court was accordingly appointed, and on the morning of the •day assigned for his trial he offered his resignation to the Governor who refused to accept it while charges were pendfng against him. Edwards then through Colonel Brush desired me to withdraw the charges. I thought it would be a bad precedent to set in the Army and refused, butfinding it would be pleasing to the officers generally to get rid of him and he having stipulated with Col' Brush that he would not again be a candidate for or hold any office in the Militia of this State as high as Majority I withdrew the charges—His resignation was accepted and lie left Camp, On his return he was again elected to command his old Battallion and demanded his commission from the Governor who issued it. Now' Sir this very George Edwards has preferred charges against ME for improper conduct on the Fort Wayne Expedition and Josiah Lockhart the Commandant of the Brigade has appointed a Court a large majority of whom have partaken in the prejudices which Edwards and those who returned with him have excited against me and has appointed the place of trial in the County of Adams in the immediate neighborhood of those persons who so shamefully Corrkspcndence of Allen TrimUle. 115 left Fort Wayne and whose prejudices against me know no bounds. Gene­ ral Lockhart has very improperly taken prejudice at me from the circum­ stance of my opposing aim for the Command of the Brigade; this is evident from the circumstance of his appointing Colonel Stevenson to pre­ side on my trial, a man who refused to arrest Major Edwards on the charges I preferred for no other reason that I know of only that my Brother had been chosen in preference to him (Stevenson) to the command of a Battal­ lion of Hull's Army, which appeared to not only to mortify Stevenson but excite hft resentment against the family which spirit he has I believe not only cultivated ever since General Lockhart has been very industrious to make improper impressions in the minds of some of the officers who are on the Courts (as I have been informed). I am therefore from all these cir­ cumstances convinced that it will be impossible for me to have a fair and impartial trial. And as I have no desire to avoid a trial even if in my Sower, nnder present circumstances I only desire of your Excellency to isolve this Court and appoint one that can do me complete Justice. If I had a choice 1 would rather be tried in my own Connty and by officers who know my character but I have no hesitation in saying that I am perfectly willing to go any place and be tried by any intelligent officers, out of the County of Adams. I do know that there are some mdependent and intelli­ gent officers in the County of Adams but there is an overwhelming majority of a different description and as my objection to any member will be decided by a majority of the Court I have no expectation of purging it of a single member, there being a large majority of those who would rejoice in raining my reputation which to me is dearer than life. You Sir and no other person can give me a fair and impartial trial which is all I desire. Lieut. McClain who will hand you this letter and papers accompanying it, is an intelligent and respectable young officer on whose statements you may rely. Should yon think proper to disolve the Court and order Gen'l Lock- ' hart to appoint another Court of the County of Adams who shall not sit in the 5th County it will give me relief. But I would prefer being tried by anExtrac intelligent frot Courm a tlette appointer of Lieutd by .yon Colr .Excellency William Alle. Shouln Trimbled you, nolatet rhav U.e Sa. SenatorRank roliLieut, to bis .brothe McClair Allen cann Trimblegive yo,u Majothe namer Ohiso oMilitiaf a numbe, .1812r o:f officers in th"e DivisionI receive.d a few days since the' Fredonia' in which was published the proceedingHoping thas oft thyoen Courwill texten Martiad youl onr youauthoritr trialy. tTho have perusae Justicl affordee doned mmee ,n Io littlsubscribe amusemente myself .ver Iy coul respectfullyd not refrai, n fram saying to myself, What stupid animals. Who ever heard in the ArmYouy ro fmos Captaint obt.s (thro their Orderly Sergeants) reporting to Majors (unless they for the time ALLEbeingN commandeTRIMBLE. d Ith ame Regimentdesirous) thator to aan speedyy othe rtrial perso nbe tha had—asn to thsomee Adjutan of my tmost and importantQuarter­ mastewitnesser tos mabe yb yb ethe senmt lai intdo befor servicee th. e commanding officer of that Regiment.—A. T. " Wrapped in this same letter by same careful hand is the Morning Report of Col. Trimble's Regiment, Mounted Volunteers, Oct. 20th, 1812: Passed for duty; On duty: Unfit for duty; Absent with leave; Absent without leave; Total aggr; Remarks. 116 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

Allen Trimble was Clerk of the Court of Highland Co. from 1808 to the March term, 1816,* when he was succeeded by Samuel Bell. He was Representative in 1816 and Senator from 1817 to 1825, inclusive, being Speaker from 1819, ahd by virtue of that position, acting Governor from Jan. 3,1822, to Jan., 1823. He was defeated for Governor in 1822 bv Jeremiah Morrow, the vote being, Morrow, 26,056; Trimble, 22,899; Irwin, 11,050; and again in 1824, the, vote being, Morrow, 39,526; Trimble, 37,108. In 1826 he was elected Governor and re-elected in 1828. ' He served as State Canal Commissioner from 1824 to 1826. Hillsboro Academy was chartered Feb. 9,1829. He was one of the incor­ porators and at the first meeting was elected President of the Board of Trustees, which position he held till April, 1854. In 1853 the buildings had been, by vote of the stockholders, transferred to.the Board of Education. He was President of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio Wesleyan Univer­ sity from 1842 to 1850. He was President of the State Board of Agriculture. [From 'Thomas Worlhington, V. S. Senator.] CHILLICOTHE; OHIO, Oct. 4th, 1813. DEAR SIR : Mr. Gallatin has requested me, either in person or by some gentleman near the land, to lay off 200 acres of the enclosed survey to A. Ellison, Esqr., who has agreed that you shall do it if you will be so good as to undertake it. The 200 acres is to be laid off at some row or end and to force a proportionate value to the rent of the tract. Will you please under­ take it and whilst you are on the land examine it and say what it is worth in your opinion and enclose to me at the City of Washington a plat of the land with the two hundred acres and its corners and the bill of expenses attending it, which shall be paid as ypu direct. Your kind attention to this business will be thankfully acknowledged, as I find my time so short as to put it out of my power to do it myself. Very respectfully,. A. Trimble, Esqr. T. WORTHINCTON.

[Gov. R. J. Meigs to Allen Trimble.] CHILLICOTHE, July lltb, 1813. DEAR SIR: Absence delayed my answering yours sooner. I this Day give orders to Gen". Foos, Commandant of the 2nd Division, to order aa Election for thefirst Brigad e thereof. I cannot longer consider Gen. McArthur as Commandant of that Divi­ sion, and shall not issue any Commission for Brigadier inconsequence of any Election held under his Orders. I am Sir, \our most obt. Servt., Allien Trimble. Esq. • RETURN J. MEIGS. •After the service in the War- of 1812 we see by the unilcrsi^ncd^that Allen Trimble was in Rood position in the State of Ohio. Only twelve years from the'time he entered the State was the following paper signed by Ethan Allen Brown who aitcrward was so firm a friend. We. the undersigned Judges of the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio, do hereby appoint Allen Trimble Clerk pro tempore of the Supreme Court for the County of Highland in- the State of Ohio, hereby authorizing him to perform the duties of said office on his giving Bond as the law directs with security to be approved by two Associate Judges of said County and on his taking the oath of fidelityt o support the Constitution of this State and the United States, and the oath of office. Given under our hands this 7th day of March, in the year 1S1G, ETHAN A. BROWN, JESUP N. CONCH. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 117

[From Captain W. Arnold.]" FRANKFORT, Kv., 29 May, 1818. DEAR SIR : Yours of the 2nd Inst., was received this day. I need not say that it afforded me much pleasure to hear from you, for of that you are convinced. I am sorry that the appointment of the Surveyor on the Red river could not be obtained, but my opinion with regard to the surveying in the Ala­ bama, corresponds with yours, I will therefore abandon the idea I am using every exertion to settle my affairs in this country, and I will most probably be ready to set out with thefirst rise of the water for Natch­ itoches, in a-hnl boat, with a suitable cargo for that place. The conduct of our worthy partner urges dispatch—the sooner we can get clear of him the better. I have received "a, letter from D. Parker, with a general order inclosed requiring me to forward my Accounts or a certificate that I did not owe the government; I inforformed him that I had transmitted my account long since, ajid that I had had no accounts with the government since 1813. And certified that I did not believe that I was indebted to the U. S., to ^yhioh no answer has yet been received, but Lexpect one every mail. On my arrival at Louisville, I met with our old Col,,—we were at the same house together, hut I passed and re-passed without noticing him-^-it was all I could do, as I was yet in the Army. The period is not distant when my rank will be equal to his. I did propose to take a few Slaves to Red river, but find the prices here will not justify it. An active, young fellow here, is worth eight hundred dollars. . I wish you would inform me of the prices of Kentucky produce below— and give me your opinion as to the articles which will be most profitable as Natchitoches. I am astonished at Bultill's.audacity. It proves still more unequivocally that he is a dishonest man—when I leave here I will go prepared to con­ tinue there till we can colonize the western woods, or try the experiment. William A. Trimble writes to his brother in 1817: "Send me by thefirst opportunit y to GivLouisvillee ine. alKy.l ,th mey newsFrenc,h anbooksd believ, Rochefoucaule me tod b Maximse your, etc.sincer, mye sworfriendd an,a soabbard by Captain Alexander Hill;" and in 1821 he says, "Allen, Rachel, and I Wwil.l probablARNOLDy. g o to P'Yello. S.—Mw Springy healts for ha trihasp fobeer ounr muchealth,h improved" and then, i nsinc 1821e, "mAy radicaarrivall erro. rI tha hopt Ree dt o Jacket and those two other Indians were at the Treaty at Detroit. You-know I made the speecrecoveh anr di nth ae couplreply foer o thf emonths Indians, wa notwithstandins complimentary.g" a Seviolene lifet o fcoug Williah mwhic A. Trimbleh has, Historicaannoyedl anmed Archaelocicaforfive orl siSocietx weeksy Quarterly. , July, 1905. This letter is from Allen Trimble to Cary, his brother in 1818. COLUMBUS, O., December 9, 1818. To CARY A. TRIMBLE: DEAR BROTHER:—I have seen the Treasurer of State and learn from him that he is now taking Western Reserve notes in payment. You need not fear taking them. New Lisbon is not taken, but it is said they exchange other paper for their notes. If you make any arrangements with Mr. Patton, the Collector, let me know as early as possible. Lake Erie is not taken by the Treasurer, but I think I canfchange wha t you can collect of them. I should be willing if a sale of Our Park could be made to any advantages to sell at the Ware house, pay off what we" owe and rest on our ease until the storm is over. If any thing is done about a Turn Pike road to Ripley, it should be done soon. I am of opinion it would be advisable if for nothing else than to effect the location of the Seat of Justice on the straight line from Hillsborough to Ripley. The banks have stopped specie payment throughout the State except old Chillicothe. The Treasurer wants the Legislature to say what money he shall receive. .They will put it off if possible, although they ought certainly to instruct him. I will advise you on this subject as soon as possible. How do you, and all the family? A. TRIMBLE. 118 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[From James W. Campbell, M. C] WASHINGTON CITY, \ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Feb. 11,1819. J SIR : Your favor of the 31 ult. has just been.received. The result of the election was known here on Tuesday and how much pleasure I felt at the success of your brother I will not pretend to describe. The pleasure, I can assure you, is not confined to me. The Ohio rep'r seem generally grati­ fied and even those to whom your brother is unknown, and T. W. known, participated in the gratification. Please present him my congratulations. In regard to the banks of Ohio—it seems some drastic remedy was needed. The evil of banking appears to have nearly .reached its zenith and any experiment might be safely made- Congress is much perplexed to know what ought to be done with the United States bank. It now appsars to have more friends than it had three weeks ago. Some are for doing nothing on the ground that the stockhold­ ers will correct the evil-rrothers say "Spare it," the State banks have done as bad or worse. Some Say repeal the charter at once and be done with it; while perhaps the more cautious and reflecting suppose it best to attack it in the manner therein designated, by sci. fa. The fears are, that nothing will be done. Mr. Spencer has offered several resolutions which are calcu­ lated to effect a modification of the charter with the consent of those con­ cerned in the bank. It is said he is determined Curtius-like to throw himself into the gulph and save the institution. Our Seminole war is over and General Jackson has proved himself victo­ rious once more. Two days have been spent in the House on the general appropriation bill.* With much difficulty it was so amended as to comprise $285,000 to complete the Cumberland road. It is astonishing with what jealousy the Western interests are viewed by many. All the relief that purchasers of public lands need expect will b[Frome a suspensio Williamn oA.f forfeitureTrimble.]. No mercy, it seems, can be expected for future purchasers. WASHINGTON, 12th Feb'y, 1820. DEAThe Rseaso BROTHERn is ver: yYou milrd letteandr haofs th beee 29tn sho ultim for mano hayc weeksjust bee. Respectn receiveds to. IMrs shoul. Trimbled be . extremely sorry ifYours the ,Cana l Bill shoulJASd. W.ultimatel CAMPBELLy fail. . Because I think that the immediate and permanent interests of the State would be very much promoted by the State availing itself of the opportu­ nity which it may have of procuring part of the new purchase. It the resources which the State might thereby command were properly conducted I have no doubt that in twenty years the waters of the Lake and those of the Ohio might be connected at every point indicated in the Gov­ ernor's Message. At which of those points the work should be first com­ menced is not material (except to increase the price of land, which has not been sold) for an enlarged, liberal and enlightened policy would embrace the whole plan, and commence on that part of it which most effectually promotes the interests of the whole plan. With a special view to this sub­ ject I have siicoueded in getting an able committee appointed in the Senate on Roads and Canals. They are favourable to the principle and I have strong reasons to believe that they would favourably receive propositions on this subject from Ohio. - Should the State determine to purchase or solicit a donation, Mr. Morrow is the man and the only man they ought to send. The old members of bqjth houses have such great respect for his talents and such perfect confidence in his fairness, uprightness and integrity of character that they could not be persuaded that he would ask anything unreasonable or which ought not to be granted—his opinions and arguments would be favorably received Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 1,19 and have very great weight. I do not believe there is a man here in any department of the government who does not entertain for Mr. Morrow the freatest respect—many of them all the warmth of friendship. He would ave the further advantage of uniting and harmonizing with the represen­ tation from the State. Neither of the gentlemen you have mentioned would combine these advantages. The first is considered a designing, artful, intriguing man, who sees his own individual interests at the bottom of every measure in which he engages., Though I have frequently heard his name mentioned I do not recollect an instance in which anything has been said in commen­ dation. In relation to Mr. Morrow I never heard anyone Speak in the slightest degree disrespectful. The general has a humber of friends here, some of them warm friends, some are not his friends «nd some are his enemies. But he was not a suffi­ cient time here to establish the character which Mr. Morrow acquired— even if his manners were as well calculated to please. I have therefore no hesitation in saying that Mr. Morrow is the man who ought to be sent if he will come. If he will not come I do not think it important that any one is sent. The Missouri Bill is yet before both houses and will probably not be dis­ posed of this month. No other business of importance is done or even thought of. It is impossible to tell what willfinally be done, but I think it probable that if this important question is settled at all it will be by a compromise to admit Missouri without restriction and prohibit slavery in the whole or much the largest partof the Territory; which the moderate men on both sides appear to desire. I will not vote for the Bill in any shape while connected with Maine. I should like to know the opinion of the most intelligent and experienced men in relation to the Bankrupt Law, its probable advantages and disad- vantagess. [Allen Trimble to W. A. Trimble.] ' COLUMBUS,Remembe OHIO,r m26e Feb.,to m y1820. friend s and say to those who expect letters that I cannoDEAtR findBROTHE timRe :to Wwrite—unlese are closins igt ious stoler businessn from. thIe havsix ehour onlsy sleetimep twhico sayh wI eallo arew al myselfl well. afte r a tremendouYour affectionats gale oef Brotherwind whic, h has done much harm to the buildings. The Senators scampered out of thWILLIAe SenatMe AChambe. TRIMBLEr lik. e rats out of a feed-building; the motion was so great as to move my chair several inches. No more. We have adjourned. Yours, ALLEN TRIMBLE. [Allen Trimble to Wm. A. Trimble.] jf HILLSBOROUGH, 0., 11th of September, 1821. DEAR BROTHER: It devolves on me to give you the unwelcome, yes, very unwelcome intelligence, of the loss of.a dear Brother, Cary A. Trimble. We have just returned from the performance of the last sad, mournful rites. He died yesterday, at a few minutes before 10 o'clock; after a short illness of eleven days. I know your poor heart will heave a deep sigh, at this dis­ pensation oi Providence; but you will feel great consolation,, when I tell you how he died. You know he was fearful of an affection of his kidneys, hence his visit to the "Blue Lick," and also to the Yellow Springs. From the latter place he returned about the 25th Ultimo, much better. And he went to Chillicothe soon afterward, but returned quite unwell, with a raging Fever. He continued to keep up until the 1st Inst., when his fever became more violent. He took medicine, and was bled. Doctors Hand and Par­ ker were called in, and they gave.him Cathartic Medicine, and bled him 120 • Correspondence of Allen Trimble. copiously, until the 5th inst., when he took a violent Chill, which.the phy­ sicians thought evident marks of a suppuration of the Kidneys. Cyrus and Farkers' brother were sent for; the latter arrivedfirst, and in the consultation with the other two, they determined to attempt to Salivate him, and gave him madicines accordingly. Cyrus arrived on the 6th inst.;. but was of the opinion, that his disease was general and not heal; and that his kidneys were not affected, to the extent supposed by the others; he, however, acquiesced in the treatment pursued, as the best calcularad to control the general disease. But all of their efforts could not produce Sali­ vation. The fever, however, abated from the 7th to the Sth^and we all had hopes of his reeovary, but on Sunday, in the evening, the^h, his fever returned and continued with short interruptions, to his death. - N On the night of the 4th, I was sitting up with him; he called me to his bed-side, and told me that he was confident in his own mind that he would not recover, and that for the distribution of his property he wished to make a Will; only on account of the two Nephews, named for him, and brother Cyrus, to each of whom he wished to leave a small Legacy, and that he appointed you and myself as his Executors. I was overcome, not before thinking him dangerous. I told him I hoped- he was under a false impres­ sion ; and that he would recover, ire said, "No, the time for him -in this world was short." I spoke of the delay of Mother and John, and of writing to them. He said the time was too short; but that he would rather see Mother, than to be Master of Ohio. That nothing gave him so much pain fc as the thought of what she Would feel for him, but that I must assure her, that he had maturely reflected on his situation; that he was not taken off by surprise, and that he was perfactly reconciled to leave this world with all its vanities, with a well-grounded hope of enjoying superior happiness in anothe7'. I was so grieved I could say little more, to him. And in the morning sister Mary heard that the Doctor had despaired of him, she came in, full of agony, and her poor heart appeared as it would break; She fell at his bed-side,- caught him in her arms, and talked to him in a very sensi­ ble and affecting manner. He remained calm, and begged her to be com­ posed, that he believed God, for Christ's sake, had forgiven all his sins, and that he would be happy in the world to come; that he viewed this world as a trifle and all its enjoyments not worth living for. Sister Mary then spoke of Mother's innumerable exhortations, admonitions and Prayers; he said notfing gave him more pain than the thought of having disregarded so much good counsel, but that he believed it was through the influence of the numberless prayers of one of the best of mothers, that he was then a monument of God's mercy and grace; and that we must be sure and tell her so. , Poor Mary was so overwhelmed by both grief and joy that her feeble frame gave way, and she fell to thefloor. You may rest assured we were itll much affected, all of the family and some friends were in tears, around him. He remained calm, and composed as you ever saw him, and directed B. Collins how to write his will, although so weak and debilitated by the chill that he could scarcely speak loud enough to be understood. About!) o'clock he got evidently belter, and consented that the Physicians might attempt to Salivate him. Cvrus arrived on the morning of the (ith, and after an examination of his pulse, and case generally, appeared to think him not dangerous, and he evidently seemed better until the 9th, about 12 or 1 o'clock, when I saw a great change for the worse. He told Cyrus that it was unnecessary to make any other effort. Cyrus told him he thought it was. He said, "No," for it would do no good. 'Mr. Hoge, who sat by him, said he ought not to despair of recovering,- that God could yet raise him, and that means was necessary. But he said he knew that God in his mercy could raise him, but he thought it would be otherwise. He then spoke to me and said, "Be sure and tell Mother that I am perfectly resigned to my fate;" then he again called me. I asked him what he wanted; he replied, "Nothing that this world can afford," Mr. Hoge asked him if it was peace in the World to come. He said, "Yes! Peace, peace!" He became so heardweak .a s Theto bne unablhe dosee tdo anspead slepk furthet allr night unles,s dreso low whi ass breatnot tho brathee distinctlr hardy, Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 121

like one snoring, about an hour before he died he breathed more easily, and died without a struggle. He said a great deal to us all, which is worth treasuring up, but I. cannot say all to you now. He is gone. Yes! although forever from this world, but I hope we shall see him again in a better. I can hardly believe otherwise, than that I still see him; but he is gone for­ ever from this world, but we shall see him in the blessed, better heaven, when as he observed, "all ofthe family who have lived together here, in so much love and harmony, will meet to enjoy Eternal bliss forever and ever." I know you say Amen, to this. Your Brother, ALLEN THIJIHLE. N. B.—Rachel has not been so well since she left the Springs, The rest of the family in tolerable health. A. T. P. S. No. 2.—In order to know more 'certainly, what Gary's disease was, Cyrus & Hand, and Farker, proposed examining the region 9* the Kidneys. I could not object, so they made the'Operation, privately, and the result was favourable to the opinion of Cyrus, viz: His kidneys were perfectly sound, no mark of inflammation on either of them; Cyrus says it was purely Fever, of the mo9t obstinate and inflammatory nature and kind. A letter from Aunt Susan announces the death of Uncle William, and two of Doctor Mitchell'[Allens children Trimble; it to. seem W.s A.our Trimble.]day of afflictio n is com­ COLUMBUS,mencing .OHIO, Let 5u sDecember, hear fro m1821. you often as possible. A. T. DEAR BROTHER: Your letter of the 24th ult. is received. I am truly glad to hear that the Surgeon General has hopes nf restoring you to health. Nothing could be so grateful to the feelings of your family & friends as for those hopes to be realized. Our fears been much excited, more so perhaps since we have been deprived, of our most healthful and promising brother. Hannah Allen's sudden and unexpected death you have doubtless heard of. The admonition, "Be thou also ready," seems to be particularly applicable to us. Mr. Collins preached the funeral of our lamented brother on Thurs­ day last. He portrayed his virtues in glowing colours, enumerating the many vices lie had escaped while young and much exposed. Commented in a very solemn manner on the firmness and resignation with which he met death, and the evidences given his friends of his hopes of a happy im­ mortality through the merits of Christ. He closed with a pathetic appeal to relatives and friends fas they had lost the life) to improve the death of one so lamented. Mr. Hoge followed with a short, but impressive exhorta­ tion. A more solemn congregation 1 never witnessed—they all seemed to desprve the character of mourners. My own feelings were inexpressible. Grief, hope, joy, all seemed to touch my mind in quick succession. My fortitude was scarcely sufficient forme. The sublime idea of all meeting again in a superior world and knowing ciicli other enjoying bliss worthy of rational beings & well calculated to excite feelings. 1 have nothing very interesting to write you. When we met here, Mr, Worthington of Ross Co was busily engaged paving the way to the chair. He found a strongopiiMtiou growing up, & a few moments before the House met, he declined, «n the ground that he would be more useful- on. the floor. It seemed to be th« general opinion that-Mr. Bigger, who was elected, would haveeieefpd hiin 2 to 1. He (Mi\ Worthington) made sev­ eral speeches, in one of which he addressed the House that had no view to popularity, his age, his important services, Ins retiring character, all point to place his motives pure & disinterested, the good of the people was his sole aim, &c, &c, and alleged that his experiences certainly entitled his opinionst to some consideration. Mr. Atwater of Pickaway (a member) seems to have collected some materials relatiye to the history of some of the modern chiefs of Ohio, mid notwithstanding the retiring character, great modesty, and true devotion of country claimed by some of them, Mr. A. thinks he has discovered from their costly edifices, pretensions to rank & dignity, &c, &c, that their true object is, self-aggrandizement. I would 122 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

not he surprised if Mr. A. would commence a modern history of the West,. Out of the HouSe he is dropping historical sketches of modern time's, and in the House he hangs with all his might on every measure of Mr. W., to tbe great amusement of the House. You know Mr. A. is a great talker. In the Senate they go on so far very harmoniously. Morris has not broke out and I hope will not. At present he may be useful, Doctor H. is here. He and some others are here recoiHmending General H. for Supreme Judge—representing him as the "pink of moral and political honesty" and a republican of thefirst order . They are making a great effort to engender the spirit of partv as the only means of supporting their sinking hopes. I do trust the good! sense and moral honesty of the people will let them fall to the proper level of demagogues & factionists. Mr. L., irreconcilable, tried to push Mr. Kirker to the chair of -the Senate but failed. Mr. K. refused Jpositively! There were two votes thrown away upon Mr. L—s &B—s. . The family was in tolerablv good health when I left home—Rachel's health still precarious[Selections. from aYou letterr aff' oft brother the Hon., BenjaminALLE Ruggles.]N TRIABLE . My respects to Mr. Campbell and David Trimble, etc. WASHINGTON CITY, Feb. 27,1822. DEAR SIR: Your kind expressions in relation to myself for the attention I bestowed upon your lamented brother in his last illness Were highly grat­ ifying to my feelings. His reputation, our friendship and the relation in wnich we stood to each other ascolleagucs and brother Senators from the same State, demanded the attention and kindness from me. He was esteemed and beloved by all who knew him and who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. The wise and good were his friends; and I believe I may with safety say thajt here at least he had no enemies. Two years we served together in the Senate—our seats were side by side—the', most free and uninterrupted converse daily passed between us, and no occurrence ever took place to disturb our mutual good understanding. He was an industrious and intelligent member of the Senate, and often took a conspic­ uous part in debate, particularly on those subjects relating to the military operations of the country. After his decease every possible mark of respect was paid to his remains. His corpse was followed to the grave by one of the largest funeral processions I have ever witnessed in this city on a simi­ lar occasion. In consequence of his having been in office he was buried with military honour, and every ceremony connected with his- interment was performed with great decorum and solemnity. The news of his. death must have been truly distressing to his friends, who had in such rapid suc­ cession been called to weep for the loss of other beloved members of the family. The relatives ought not to mourn for him—although he died young in years, he was old in honors, and rich in fame. As the expression of another—he gathered laurels that will never fade; In the councils of his country he occupied ah honorable and conspicuous station worthy not- only of himself but of the State that had confided to him her most important interests[Copy. of a letter from Ethan Allen Brown, U. S. Senator, who succeededI Be pleased to give mLieut.y respec Col.t to youWilliamr mothe A.r Trimble.]and the family . With sentiments of esteem anWASHINGTOd regard, youN rCITY friend, Feb, . 21,1822.^ DEAR SIR: I presume that your desire to forward thBENJAMIe commencementN RUGGLES;. o f the survey for the Canal has already induced you to communicate thepasr sage of the Act to Governor Clinton; and of course that the Engineer will Correspondence of. Allen Trimble. 123-

be upon the ground at your command; or as soon after as the season shall permit o'f his operations. Entertaining a confidence that you will ascribe my offlciousness in obtru­ ding advice upon you, to no wish to dictate but rather to a friendliness to the success and eclat of your administration by my efforts to render it glo­ rious to our State by its superior usefulness, I take the liberty to suggest for your consideration whether it may be well for the Engineer to come on soon. It seems to me that before commencing his survey it will be drsira- ble for him to traverse the country for several weeks in order from personal observation to form a general idea of the face of the land and particularly on the summit level, * * . • further particulars. The Senate have passed the Apportionment bill (as it iB called). * * * The Bankrupt bill is still debated in the House, where I suppose it will fail. Ver[Inauguraly sincerel Addressy your friendof Gov., .Allen. ETHATrimble.]N ALLE N BROWN. FELLOW CITIZENS OP THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: The duties of the Executive branch of the Government, having (by a provision of the Constitution) devolved on me, as presiding officer of the Senate, from the period of Gov'r Brown's Resignation in December last. It becomes necessary in the discharge of those duties, to communicate to the Legisla­ ture on the present occasion: "The State of the Government," what infor­ mation I possess, upon the subjects which may demand their immediate attention, and the manner in whish those special duties assigned the Execu­ tive by Laws, and resolutions of the last annual Session, have been per­ formed. In fulfilling this obligation I feel much gratified in the persuasion that I address myseif to associates (with many of whom I have had the honor of a long and intimate acquaintance), in the arduous and responsible duties of Legislation, whose knowledge of the interest and the means nec­ essary to promote the general welfare and prosperity of the State, will justify communications of this kind, and they may properly be made by the dis­ till iruished citizen promoted by the late election to the Gubernatorial Chair. No extraordinary occurrence has transpired since the last Session of the General Assembly. The general health of the State has been as good as in former years, except in a few particular situations, where during the Sum­ mer & Autumn, bilious and other fevers have prevailed to an alarming extent. It is, however, a source of consolation and cause of much gratitude, "thankfulness to the great Author and disposer of human life! that the progress of disease has been arrested, and the inestimable blessings of returning health" are generally enjoyed by our citizens. The industry, frugality and rigid economy so universally observed are gradually relieving the country from embarrassment, and the agricultural, manufacturing and commercial interests of the State are manifestly improv­ ing. It is gratifying to remark' that the collection of the revenue is attended with less difficulty and inconvenience on the part of our citizens than has been experienced for some years past. It is expected that the receipts of the present year will be sufficient for the redemption of the audited bills, in circulation, amounting to perhaps above Thirty thousand dollars, to defray all the expenses of the Government for the ensuing year, and leave a considerable balance in the Treasury, unexpended. Further and more particular account of the Finances of the State, I refer you to the Report of the Auditor and the Treasurer of State, which will be shortly laid oefore you. The amount of money already received into the Treasury on account of the delinquent taxes & Lands, is sufficient evidence of the policy of the Law of last Session, which provides for the remission of the penalties on the payment of the tax and interest. As it is-probable that many distant properties have not received information of the existence of the Law, the provisions of which will soon expire, it is a subject worthy of consideration whether a further indulgence without penalty,, would not be equally favoura- 124 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

ble to the State and the Land holders. The report of the Keeper of the Penitentiary has already been laid before both houses, and fully presents the condition of the Institution. The small sum which the State is Dr., affords encouragement that this system of human punishment will not be abandoned in consequence of the expense attending it; and justifies the conclusion that it is still susceptible ot furtherimprovement. The pardon­ ing power has been exercised perhaps to a greater extent than during the Summer. I addressed a letter to Messrs. Day and McDonald of New York, to know of them upon what terms they would permit Ohio to erect ono of their new inventions, called "Hemp & Flax" breakers, at the State Prison. About the time I received their answer, asking $1,000 for a patent machine, I learned that an ingenious mechanic of Columbus was at work on a machine of the same character, though differing essentially from -that of. Messrs, Day & McDonald. Mr. Hines, of Columbus, has his machine now in operation, and it promises to answer fully the expectations of the inven­ tor. It is at least worthy of an examination and I doubt not would be a valuable acquisition'to the State Prison. Soon after the pussag-i of the Act of the last Session of the Legislature— "Authorizing an examination into the practicability of connecting by a Navigable Canal the waters of Lake Erie with those of the Ohio River''— measures were taken (in obedience to the duty assigned the Executive by the saiil Act) to procure the. services of aii approved practical Engineer. Mr. James Goddes of New York was employed and commenced the exami­ nation under the direction of the Board of Commissioners about the 26th ofApiil. I think it due to Mr. Gcddss, as well as myself (as there have been some objections to the appointment), to say to the Legislature: "That the Gov­ ernor of New York (who was applied to upon the subject), together with the Canal Commission, recommended Mr. Geddes as one of thefirst and most skillful practical Engineers, who has been employed on the New York Canal—a gentleman of great integrity and respectability of character, and every way qualified for the important service required to be performed by the Act of Ohio. The manner in which the Engineer lias performed the laborious and highly responsible duties assigned to him, will no doubt be commendable, and will be communicated by the Board of Canal Commissioners to you, and will afford the best evidence of his skill and ability. The propriety of the appointment is claimed by the high character given him by his distin­ guished fellow-citizens. From the information which has been received (though not official), per­ mit me'to congratulate you on the favorable result of the examinations, and the nattering prospect of the auspicious moment soon arriving, when the "united intelligence, energy ami resources of Ohio shall be marshaled and make a simultaneous effort for the accomplishment of the grand and magnificent enterprise of connecting by a navigable Canal the waters of Lake Erie with those of the Ohio River." The agricultural, manufactur­ ing and commercial advantages that are unfolding themselves to successful investigation, and the facilities presented to internal improvements of such a splendid character, are events well calculated to engage the attention of our industrious and enterprising citizens and bring interaction the latent, hidden resources and energies of the State I Mr. Geddes is to receive from Ohio Fifteen Hundred dollars ($1,500.00), for one year's service; to commence at the time of his departure from New York, his expenses to be paid from the commencement to'the end of the term, and no deduction to be made should Ohio dismiss him befcre the end of the year, being the same amount received for his services from the State of New York. I believed it to be the object of the Law, to have the several surveys and examinations contemplated, made by an Engineer whose situation would place him above suspicion of partiality in favour ;of either of the proposed lic'confidencroutes; and ewhos to hie stalent report, ,experienc and enable ane dth practicae presenl tskil General woull dAssembl attach puby to­ Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 'x 125-

decide what further measures it would be necessary to adopt in relation to the interesting subject of the Canal. Therefore I did not hesitate to apply to New York for an Engineer. Not .because I conceived our own citizens deficient an talents or science, for I believe there are many who possess both in an eminent degree, but because there were none within my knowledge who possessed the necessary experi­ ence and practical skill and whose local situation wrould liot have bubjected their report to those objections which I have enumerated. The State of Ohio has Bank Capital owned by individuals to the amount of Two Millions ($2,000,000). On the capital, Six Millions of paper dollars is thrown on the public for which the bankers receive an inturest-of Four hundred and eighty thousand dollars per annum. For this privilege of banking the StOccholders give the State Eighty thousand dollars of their stock, which yiekls to the State Six thousand four hundred dollars per annum; for which paltry sum of $6,400 the State grants to the bankers the privilege of taxing our citizens to. the amount of 480 thousand dollars per annum. We may now see the degree of taxation produced by this mode of banking. The fact of a State or Nation selling the privilege of banking is an evidence of its nature. The purchaser must have a profit on his capital or he would not give a bonus tor the privilege of trade. Witness the ingenuity of the bankers on the subject. They comt*forward and Bay: "Citizens of Ohio, permit us to create a capital of'Six Millions of banking stock, for whichwe will give you the interest—of $80,000—equal to $0,4l'0 per annum." The proposition being simply this: "We will give you $0,400 yer annum which you must pay yourselves, for the privilege of taxing you $480,000 per annum." Oh, what generosity! What munificence!! What patriotism has been exercised by these bankers. They only ask us to pay them §4SO,000 per annum!!— %for which we shall have the privilege of paying them the other $6,400 for the use of the Government. To be gulled by false prophecy or pretended miracle is known to be within the capacity of human ignorance; but a natural inability to count (says a writer on this subject), is a real miracle. The time has arrived (and I rejoice to see it) when the scales are falling from the eyes of the people. The^embarrussment existing in society from the present state of the circu­ lating medium, has excited enquiry into the cause. It is found to be pro­ duced by those institutions whose charters were obtained under the plaus­ ible pretext- of their ability to promote the public welfare. The people now seo the imposition which has been practiced on them, and look with great anxiety to their Representatives, for relief. WHAT SHALL WE DO? Why, says the gentleman, establish a State Bank!! I^et those bankers consoli­ date their capital, invest it in a State Bank, which shall be under the con­ trol of the Legislature. What will be the advantage to the people from the State Bank ? The paper will have currency & credit which it.now has not, and Who will be benefited thereby? I would' ask. The bankers or the great body of the people? The question is easily answered, sir! The people will still pay the tax ; and they willfind b y woeful experience that Legislators that have heretofore granted themselves charters have matie them very good ones, and that their present Legislators for the benefit of the people' have given a great charter to the same persons, upon condition that they will join their interest and influence to tax the people, under the name of the State. The people, sir, will not be gulled any longer. They have been imposed upon long enough; something must be done for them, that will relieve them from their present embarrassments I They will pay your bank taxes no longer. Their patience is worn nearly threadbare; and you willfind them in a temper of mind not well calculated to embrace the doctrine that Banks are, a blessing. They will tell you that they hnvo believed thoee fairy tales until the curses of the system has stripped them of nil their coin, and clothed them with rags in lieu thereof I Some gentlemen say, "Oh, sir, your thborrowere tax."s Themayy refraimightn afros welm borrowinl say, "thag tou after notesr takin, angd breafreed themselve out of thes hanfromd 126 Correspondence of Allen Trimble. of a hungry, starving man, and placing before him an abundance of vegeta­ bles, that he might refrain from eating! Currency, sir, is the means of exchanging commodities. If you legislate the proper medium, gold and silver, out of sight, our wants compel us to use the tax-gatherer's substitute. The Bank laws create a necessity for the currency of their own notes. They draw the precious metal from circulation to an extent sufficient to create a necessity for some substitute, and possessing the power of creating and regulating the substitute, they so manage it to enrich themselves by that necessity; and men are reached by this necessity who never borrowed a dollar of or on their notes. That banking is a tax, and an inevitable tax, will not be denied; not even by those who have granted them charters. The appointment of Commissioners to report a system of education adapted to Common Schools (in pursuance of a resolution on the subject) was made, and the following gentlemen compose the committee: Messrs. C. Atwater, John Collins, James Kope, Nathan Guilford, E. Cutler, Messrs. Bell, etc., etc. The acceptance by the Commissioners of the appointment to so laborious a duty is evidence of their zeal in the cause of literature. And from their known ability, it may be expected that much useful information will be pre­ sented to the Legislature on the highly important and interesting subject of education—a subject so justly demanding the attention and undivided aid and support of the Representatives of an enlightened, free and independent State. That our united labours for the benefit of our common country may be blessed by the great Author of all good for the benefit of our common coun­ try, and that our conduct may be approved by heaven and our commons, and our constituents, is the ardent wish of your fellow-citizens. To improve thefiscal concern s of the State is at all times an important duty of the Representatives: but when the Government is engaged in ardu­ ous undertakings requiring large expenditures of public money, the neces­ sity of exercising a ngid economy in tbe assessment, collection and applica­ tion of the revenue must be obvious. The new system Of taxation has so recently gone into operation that a change in any of its important provisions will probably not be attempted. It is, however, worthy the consideration of the Legislature, whether tbe taxes cannot be paid at the respective county seats with equal convenience to the people and for a much less sum than is allowed by the present Law. When we reflect upon the past prosperity and unparalleled growth of our State, the conclusion irresistibly forces itself upon the mind, that Ohio if blest by heaven is destined to rank among thefirst State s in the Union, and that the present is an important epoch in her political history. To assert and maintain the rank and sustain the character to which she.is politically entitled and also to improve the advantages for the attainment of the high destiny which seems to await her, impose obligations on her Legislature which can only be discharged by purpose, energy of operation and inflexible vigilance. And upon this occasion permit me to congratu­ late the citizens of Ohio upon the selection they have made of men to repre­ sent them, who will lay aside all local and sectional jealousies when the interest of the State and private or local interest shall come in collision. It cannot fail to be a source of gratification to the people and their Rep­ resentatives, that amidst an increase of population without a parallel in the history of the United States (composed of emigrants from not only every quarter of the new but from many of the countries of the old world, bring­ ing with them their early prepossessions and prejudices on the subjects of religion and politics), our laws have been executed and public justice ad­ ministered with the utmost harmony, order and regularity, and those diversified feelings and prepossessions, Common to citizens of different States and countries, pronounced by some discordant and dangerous to life, are, when transplanted in this land of liberty, merged in universal philan­ thropy and the purest patriotism. The Christian (in the spirit of toleration dictatewhich saccompanie of his own sconscience true devotion. And) worshipinthe citizeng shi osf Goeverd yagreeabl order, rany tok anthed Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 127 profession, ardently devoted to the principes of the American Union and the Republican Government, equally anxious for the perpetuity of one and -the perfection of the other. Such a community of freemen, united by one common interest, enlightened by reason and guided by wisdom, and blest by heaven, cannot fail to give strength, durability and perfection to the principles of self-government and rational liberty. And while we congrat­ ulate ourselves on the high destiny which seems to await us and our infant State, let the sublimity of the thought transport our minds to heaven in conceptions of praise and thanksgiving to Almighty God, whose munificent .and liberal hand has bestowed upon us such distinguished mercies and blessings; and with grateful hearts implore a continuation of His divine mercies and favours and heavenly benedictions on our favoured land, that, o'uV efforts in the duties of legislation may be blessed for the promotion of the interest, happiness and[To prosperit Governory o fClinton.] this our gloriou s and infant State of Ohio! (Copied into the ExecutivSignedbe Journaly the Governor, Columbus:, Ohio.ALLE) N TRIMBLE. COLUMBUS, Feb'y 4,1822. GOVERNOR DKWITT CLINTON. , DEAR SIR: I have the honour to inform ' you that Ohio has taken thefirst ste p to obtain information on the highly interesting subject of connecting by a Canal Lake Erie and the Ohio River. A law has been enacted at the present session appointing a Board of Com­ missioners and authorizing the Governor to employ a skillful practical Engineer to make a full examination of the different routes proposed, and to report the result to the next General Assembly. To obtain an Engineer Of talents and experience will be all important and the success of the enter­ prise. ' The improvements made by New York in every way connected with the location and construction of Canals is strong evidence of the skill and ability of her Engineers. I therefore solicit your aid in procuring for us the services of a skillful Engineer from your State. I find from a corespondence between your Excellency and the Governor of Ohio, that the services of a Mr/Wright of your State can be obtained. From the character you give the gentleman I shall be perfectly willing to engage with him, and as a compensation assure what will be considered a fair equivalent for his ser­ vices, such a sum as is paid in New York to Engineers of the same grade. Will you be so obliging as to confer with Mr. W. on the subject and direct him to confer with me and say at what time he could be in Ohio and what preparations will be necessary to a commencement of the purvey, Ac. I call upon your Excellency freely,believing that you feel a lively interest in the success of the proposed Canal. I hope we shall have the aid of your very important personal influence in attaching to the subject all the impor­ tance and character of which it is susceptible. The general notice taken of the enterprise and its friends in New York by the advancing of Internal Improvements, has produced the most benefi­ cial results—opposition has been in a great degree silenced. Many of those who but a few years since pronounced the scheme of New York and Ohio -equally visionary and chimerical, are now willing to acknowledge that New York has demonstrated tha[Tot nothin Governorg in InternaClinton.]l Improvemen t is too haz­ ardous or difficult for the perseverinHILLSBORO'g enterpris, OHIO,e 15t anh do f *March * *, 1822of . the freemeDEARn SIRof: AmericaI had. th eA honouspiritr otfo addresemulatios ton yohau sa bee letten rkindle from Columbusd in Ohio, bearinwhich gI dattruset th wile l4t noh tultimo be subdue, on thd eunti subjecl wte o shalf obtaininl haveg froaccomplishem your Statd thie asn Engineerwork whic, tho ibse o employef so mucdh bvitay Ohil importanco on thee propose to Ohiod. Cana&c,l &c fro. m Lake Erie i;orae Ohio River, agreeably to a law of the last Session of the Legislature 128 Correspondence of Allen Trimble. on that subject; and as I have not received an answer, I fear my letter has not been recoived. I therefore again write to you, and solicit your early- attention to this subject, so deeply interesting to Ohio in the present crisis,. when all depends on the success of commencement and prosecution of the duties assigned (by the present law) to the Governor, Commissioners and Engineer. y ;Thefirst duty assigned the Governor, is to employ a skillful & practical! Engineer. For many reasons I'immediately determined to obtain an Engineer from* your State; as Mr. White has been recommended by you and Governor Brown. I had no hesitation in saying to you in my former letter, that his services- would be accepted and compensated agreeable to the allowance made by New York, or what might be considered a fair equivalent for his services and sacrifices which might be made in moving to Ohio. Will you do me the favor if you have not already done so, agreeably to my former letter, to assure Mr. W. that I rely on his services, and desire him to be in Ohio by the 2nd, or at the farthest the 3rd Monday of May, on the latter day when an extra meeting of the Legislature will convene at ColUmbus. Should it be convenient for him to make Cleveland on the Lake, in his way, Mr. Alfred Kelley, one of the Commissioners, who resides there, would conduct him acro&s the country to Columbus, and thus enable him to make observations which would be of much advantage to him in the further progress of the examination. If any apology for thus troubling you were necessary, I would offer my anxious solicitude for the success of the enterprise, in which we have engaged. But I am anxious that not only the projectors and the patrons of the New York Canal, but every intelligent citizen of your State, will feel gratified to see the spirit of internal improvement advancing, and that Ohio is following the exampl[J. Geddese of th eto enlightene Allen Trimble.]d and enterprisin g State oyer whichyou preside. ONONDAGA, April 13th, 1822. SIRI shal: lA bcope extremely of youry sgratifie (Marcdh 21to) heato Governor from ryo Clintonu and ,Mr wa. sW .receive as sood nyes as­ terdaypossible, i.n whicI havhe yo thue requeshonoutr thato bet ,I woulwithd grea writt respecte to infor, m you when I can v meet the Commissioners Youin Columbusr most Obedient. I ha,d etc.designe, d startinALLEN gTRIMBLE oh Wed. ­r nesday next, but have just been informed that I shallfind n o stage to carry me on from Buffalo before the following Monday, which is the 22nd instant, which will bring me to Erie in Pa. on the. 24th or 25th. I have as yet been unable to learn whether any regular stage runs from K. via to Columbus. Ypu calculate, I observe, on my doing something with Mr. Kelley at exploring for the canal on our way to Columbus, or of following a "route that would afford an opportunity of obtaining much useful information rel­ ative to the proposed canal." . Yon will, sir, be able, better than I, to con­ jecture how .much time Mr. Kelley will think best to spend between Cleve­ land and Columbus, and so make your calculations (barring accidents) when we will be at your place. The following notes, writteYounr b mosy Allet obedienn Trimblt servante to hi,s brotherJ. GEDDES, John . A. Trimble, of Hillsborough, run as follows: N. Y., 6 April, 1825. DEAR BROTHER: Our negotiations are closing. We have obtained the loan of $400,000, per cent about 5 J. I shall notprobably be able to leave here before Monday next. Yours, A. TRIMBLE. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 129

[ To Caleb Atwater.] HILLSBOROUGH, Onio, 23 March, 1822. MR. CALEB ATWATER. SIR: I do myself the honor to appoint you a School Commissioner, in conformity with a resolution of the last General Assembly authorizing the Governor "to appoint seven Commissioners— whose duty it shall be to collect, digest and report to the next General Assembly a System of Education for Common Schools, and also to take into consideration the state of the Fund set apart by Congress for the support of Common Schools and to report thereon to the General Assembly." You will please notify me of your acceptance or non-acceptance of this appointment. I am, with great respect, Your most obt., ALLEN THIMBLE. The gentlemen associated with you upon this subject are: Mr. Caleb Atwater, Circleviile; Ephraim Cutler, Marietta; Jonah Bachcr, Connecti­ cut Reserve; James Bell; Nifthan Guilford, Cincinnati; John Collins, Hills­ boro ; James Hoge, Columbus.

[From Alfred Kelley.] ru-:VEL,\Nl>, July 10th, 1S2L'. ALLEN TniMiiLE, ESQ. DEAR Sin: Your letter of the 13th instant arrived by the last, boat. 1 did not receive it, in season to answer it bv return mail. There will be no Candidate for Gov. in this part of the Slate at Hie ensu­ ing Election. Neither Pease nor Hitchcock will run, and there are no other Characters whose chance of siuve.-s would warrant their being eamlida'es. You will, I think, secure considerable support iii this pari of thi' State, but to what extent I am not at. present able to inform you, as little has as yet been said on the subject of the ensuing Election. Morrow will probably receive some support. I have heard some expn-.-s their opinions in his'favor. McAithur, if he is a candidate, will receive very few voles. My vote—ami influence as far as I can consistently use it under ciivuni- stanccs—you may depend on receiving. I expect in a few days to visit .Judge Geddes. Should have done MI sooner if my business would have at all permitted. I am, dear Sir., Very respectfully, your friend, AI.FIIEII KI:I.I.KY.

.[From C

of him; and the same objection (among others) which you state is made to him, viz., a coldness about internal improvements ; what effect this may have upon his popularity it is impossible to foresee. I do not recollect hav­ ing heard any of our members state whom they would wish to support, but I am satisfied that Gen. McArthur is not the man, and that some of them have no inclination to support Wm. Morrow—their opinions will have con­ siderable weight with people who are not personally acquainted with can­ didates. Your name has been frequently mentioned as probably being a candidate, as also Gen. Harrison's and some others. Although our acquaint­ ance is not very intimate, I have no objection to advising'with you since you request it,—with a view to the prospect of success I offer no advice, because I have not sufficient information to enable me to' form an opinion satisfactory to myself of the probable result; but with regard to the effect it may have upon your future standing in case you should be unsuccessful, I will observe that a distinction is to be made between a man who has long Jield an important public station in which his acts are immediately inter­ esting to the people, where their eyes are constantly upon him and bis public conduct viewed with the strictest scrutiny, and the opinions of men formed upon a knowledge of his official acts, and a man who has not been long the object of public observation. In thefirst case, the votes of the people appear to be an expression of the public opinion of the man's past conduct, formed from long observation and not-likely to be soon changed; in case of failure, his mortification must be severe and his prospect of future success materially affected. The latter case'is different; hiswantof success is not considered as a mark of public' disapprobation of his former conduct, but is considered rather owing to a want of sufficient general acquaintance with his -character and acquire­ ments, and, especially when opposed by a popular Veteran candidate, his defeat cannot be considered as disgraceful in the leAst degree, but rather his receiving a respectable support from those/who knew him is a high recommendation, and he is, generally considered a prominent, rising character. The station which you have of late occupied as Speaker of the Senate, is not one calculated to excite the observation of the people at large, or to call forth their censure or applause, but is confined to those who wit­ ness legislative proceedings, and the repeated marks of confidence and respect evinced by the Senate in electing you to that station are so higb rec­ ommendations, and since the office of Governor devolved upon you, I can say without being suspected offlattery, that the prompt measures you have taken to cary into effect the object of the Legislature relative to canals has met the approbation of all people in this part of the State who feel an interest in such improvements. Under these circumstances, and influenced by the foregoing considera­ tions, were I placed in your situation and felt disposed to gratify my friends by offering as a candidate, I should not be deterred by the doubtfulness of the event (because you cannot know your strength until you try it), nor the fear of any injurious effect it might have upon any future prospects in case of a disappointment. I must soon resume the duties of the circuit and shall be absent from this part of the State until December, and shall probably gain little or no information of the prospect in this part of the country, but should I obtain any I will cheerfully impart it to you. I am Respectfully yours, CALVIN PEASE. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 131

[7b Judges Pease and Hitclwock.] COLUMBUS, OHIO, October 30th, 1822. JUDGES PEASE AND HITCHCOCK. GENTLEMEN: I received a letter from Judge Burnett, dated the 7th inst., in which he says: "Just received a letter from Judge McClain, containing the unpleasant intelligence of hiB determination fa accept the appointment of Commissioner of the General Land Office, and that he wolild forward his Resignation immediately." The Resignation has not yet been received. I have no doubt, however, but the Judge will resign. As the Legislature meets on the same day that the Supreme Court commences its Session for Franklin County, before which there then will be no new party for aSupri?me Judge, I have determined that it will be impossible for me tofill the Vacancy. But as the Legislature may not wish so immediately to go into the Elec­ tion of so important an Office, I have thought proper to request that one or both of you, if you can possibly make it convenient, will attend with Judge Burnett at Franklin and Ross. I am aware that you have little time often during your Court at Colum­ biana, but if you could arrive here by the 2nd or 3rd day of. the Term, it might possibly be in time to do the business of the County. I shall be glad to hear from you on the subject, and hope it will not be very incon­ venient for you to comply with my request. I am very Respectfully yours. From your humble Servant, ALLEN TRIMBLE. N. B.—Write to me at Hillsborough. [To Dr. Daniel Drake and Others.] EXECUTIVE OFFICE, 1 COLUMBUS, OHIO, 4th February, 1822. J GENTLEMEN: Your address on the Pennsylvania Institute for the Educa­ tion of the Deaf & Dumb has-been received, and its subject communicated to the Legislature, I am happy to inform you that Ohio, although one of the youngest States of the Union, has commenced an Institution calculated to ameliorate the condition of those unfortunate human beings of our own State, for whom you are doing so much in your State. An Asylum has been established in Cincinnati for the education of the Deaf & Dumb of our own State and such of the neighboring ones as may wish to participate in its advantages and benefits. A teacher has been procured, and suitable buildings erected, at the private expense of a few munificent Gentlemen, from whose talents and zeal much is to be expected. The Legislature has passed a Law, which provides for obtaining correct information of the number and condition of the deaf & dumb persons in the State; which also provides for the instruction at the public expense of such as are objects of charity. I enclose you a copy of an address of the Board of Managers of the Western Asylum. Permit me to ask your frequent correspondence with the directors of our Infant Institution. I doubt not butthey will be gratified to reciprocate the favour. I have the Honour to be, with great respect, Your most obedient, etc., ALLEN TRIMBLE. 132 Correspondence of Allen Trimble

[Calvin Pease to Allen Trimble.]

CAMBRIDGE, Nov. 8th, 1822, ALLEN TRIMBLE, ESQ.: DEAR Snt: Yourletter of the 30th ultimo, addressed to Judge Hitchcock and me, was received at Zanesville. but an unusual press of business pre­ vented our replying from that place. We saw Judge McLean at Zanesville, on his way to Washington. We did not expect you wouldfill th e vacancy occasioned by his resignation, and have therefore made our calculations to join the Court at Chillicothe. It is impossible for us to be at Franklinton in season, we must, return home first, but we will endeavor to bo at Chillicothe as early as the third day of the session, so as not to lose that Court, and we advise that you rec­ ommend to the Legislature to pass a special law adjourning the Franklin Court until the 23rd of December. By that means that Court will not fail. I am respectfully, your obt. Eervant, CALVIN PEASE.

[From David Trimble, M. C]

WASHINGTON-, P. C, Dec. 4th, 1822. DEAR SIR : I have thought much about the next President; I have list- tened attentively to others, and said nothing myself; and I am now decid­ edly of opinion that if Ohio recommends Mr. Clay to the other states, us the proper person, he will be the President without doubt. If you come out for him Pennsylvania will be with you. This. I formerly' thought doubtful, but I nin now perfectly satisfied in that respect. All depends upon Ohio, but it is especially necessary that she should express her mind by some nlode that will leave no doubt, of her intentions. A state caucus, or.something like that. Think of this seriously, and if you do anything, the sooner the better. I have very many hopes' that. Maryland will lie for us also. She is now in a quandary, and a firm and decisive step taken by Ohio.-will probably induce her to follow. The people, of Maryland are most Certainly with us ; and their leading men will have to make an effort to carry them over to any other man. I say all this upon much inquiry and mature'reflection, and I repeat it, if Ohio comes out for Clay, he will be the President; if not, not! Our fate is in your hands. The knowing ones here think that. South Car­ olina will finally be for Clay. The Virginians .effect to believe that you will wait to know what Pennsylvania and New York will do, and then go with them. This,is not to lie read to every one, but you may in confidence show it to a few of Clay's friends. 1 am, very respectfully, General Allen Trimble. DAVID THIMBLE. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 133

[From John McLean to Allen Trimble.] WASHINGTON CITY, 31 Jan'y, 1823. DEAR SIR : By the last mail I received your favour of the 16th instant. AB you supposed, I regret the last caucus of the legislature, not because Mr. Clay was nominated, but because I think the proceeding was premature. Had the legislature nominated any other candidate, my opinion would not have been changed. I did suppose, that a correct system of policy, was of more importance to Ohio, than the election of Henry Clay or any other individual. It may be asked, whether I do not believe he will give encour­ agement to internal improvement, should he be elected. Of this I entertain no doubt. But this does not prove that the nomination was not prema­ turely made. By this proceeding, and other sectional feelings and proceed­ ings to which it may give rise, there is ground to'fear, that the division will bo so great, as to endanger the election of an individual who is friendly to an enlarged system of internal improvement. v Much more will be known next winter as to the prospects of the different candidates. Then would be the proper time to collect the public opinion— this is the legitimate object of caucus meetings—when they attempt to con­ trol public opinion they become dangerous. If under a fair prospect of success, Ohio should yield he,r support to Mr. Clay, my hearty concurrence should be given. My opinion is, that Ohio should "support Calhoun or Clay, whichever shall be most likely to succeed. Calhoun is as warm an advo­ cate of internal improvement as any man in the nation. His talents, in my judgment, are not excelled by anv man in the government. All his life has ' been marked by the pures[Fromt moralit Richardy an dBland warmes Lee.]t benevolence . GENERALet mLe ALLEhear Nfro TRIMBLm you Eoften : . YouWASHINGTONr friend,, MarcJOHNh 29,1S24MCLEAN. Sin: In consequence of a communication the lastof Feb'y from Mr. J. W. Campbell of the House sf Representatives, I wrote you on the subject of the request communicated by him from you to me that I would cheerfully look over and commit to him all the papers in my possession which might be helpful to you relative to the tract of land in Highland county bought by you from Mr. Carter Beverly. At the same time I put to you an amount against Mr. Beverly for money lent to him in necessity—and paid for his use to Messrs. Cre'ighton & Bond in Chillicothe the . I assigned this claim to you that you might it in your hands—for me—I have expect­ ed for some time your answer. If you will not do me this favor I beg vou to return the amount and assignment thro' Mr. Campbell to me. Mr. Campbell informed me that there waslno great urgency for the papers— therefore being much occupied I have deferred attending to the subject till I heard from you. I believe that some of the papers are in the possession of Mr. C. & B. I write again to you thro''Mr. Campbell to know your determination as to my order. Messrs. C. & B. will prove the payment to them of $20—and Mr. Beverly will not deny the,same to himSelf. If he does I have his writ­ ten acknowledgement. He has teased and vexed me independent in a most unjust manner and on the most frivolous pretexts, and subjected me to expenditures exceeding $100—which 1 forgive him. Since I wrote to you thro' Mr. Campbell I have (not till a few days ago) received your letter of the 27th Jan. on the same subject. I should have sooner acknowledged the receipt of it—if I had not every day expected thro' Mr. Campbell your answer to my proposition. I am with very great respect, Your obt. serv't, RICIIARAD BLAND LEE.* * Henry Lee of Rtrntfor.l-Liington married a daughter of: Richard Bland of Jordan, Va., and this Richard Rlanrt Lee was possibly a sun of that mnrriage. His mother, " a lady of qualitye " and his father a high horn gentleman. 134 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[From Caleb Atwater.] CIRCLEVILLB, OHIO, April 22,1824. DEAR SIR : The arrangement between Mr. Haywood, myself and others as to the next Governor, does very well. One asked me if Morrow would decline? I answered that I hoped he would, and Olmstead says he has declined. We shall follow it up, and your election is pretty sure. I shall do all I can for you and you may expect a great vote here, for Governor. Our ticket is Trimble for Governor, and Jackson for President. We are divided between Adams and Jackson for President. Clay gets no votes here, as he cannot be elected. I am for Jackson and I shall do all I can for him as my second choice. Jackson, Crawford and Adams are the three highest candidates. Yours &c, Gen. A. Trimble. CALEB ATWATER. CIRCLEVILLB, Sept. 24, 1824. DEAR SIR: Shelby, Florence, &c, are opposing your election and sup­ porting . He may even have a majority, here in this county, but if be does, it will be small. You cannot regret it more than I do, but so it is. What Shelby is angry about; I cannot tell, but he pretends you, are too young, &c, &c. I am doing all I can for you, and will do, here and every­ where. Your election is safe, beyond a doubt, in this State. Yours truly, Gen. Trimble. CALEB ATWATER. Tom W. is against you bitterly.

Later on comes the following from Mr. Atwater : Probable result of Governor's election in Ohio, for Morrow, 25,000; Trimble, 35,000. Morrow has been traveling about a good deal—has been here twice, and seen Shelby, Barr, Florence, &c, but knew better than to call on me. Morrow has Hatch and a party at Athens, and some one who is active in Wayne county. i. Tom Ewing is supporting him at Lancaster and Tom Worthington and Tom Scott in Ross, Hocking, Pickaway, &c. The general impression is, however, Ifind, tbroughou t the State, that Morrow is down, to rise no more. The Clay men support you in Ross, the Jackson men here. This- depends on the leaders!. It is a subject of deep regret that Mr. Clay's friends, who perfectly agree with us, as to the internal as well as the external policy of the nation, should still persist in opposing Gen. Jackson's election, after Mr. Clay is entirely out of the question with the people or with Congress. Is there no danger of Adams getting Ohio? He is certainly far ahead of Clay in this State now and is gaining still. But Jackson is gaining also, and will probably beat Adams by several thousands. Were Mr. Clay now withdrawn in Ohio, as he has been, in all the States but three, he would be the President after four years, otherwise, never. His future destiny is in the hands of his friends in Ohio—and as they now decide,so his fate isfixed. Unles s he is promptly withdrawn we shall always oppose him hereafter, for any office whatever. Propable result of president tial election in Ohio, Jackson, 20,000; Adams, 16,000; Clay, 8,000! Highland county is for Adams 1 The result will snow whether I am cor­ rectly informed. Jackson or Adams will be the President, beyond a doubt. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 135

[From T. C. Fornay.] COLUMBUS, 24 May, 1824. DEAR SIR: It begins to be about time for us to talk a little about the various elections which are pending—and especially yours and Mr Clay's; with regard to the former I believe there is no doubt, let who will offer. Morrow left here this morning. I, of course, did not enquire of him, that would not do, as he knows I will not vote for him, but from what I have been able to find out he will not be a candidate. Worthington, I think, has about vanity enough to come out, and I am verv willing that be should. You will beat him twenty-five thousand votes at least. In the latter case I have no doubt the prospects are brightening every day. The Tariff speech has had a wonderful effect every where. Jackson in the mean time has lost ground, of late. The Lancry scrape has injured him in Pennsylvania; and it has done him no good anywhere. Mr. Allen will hand you this letter. He appears to be a remarkablyfine youn g man. Yours sincerely, Genl. Trimble. [From Capt. James Kookin;] T. C. FORNAY. DELAWARE, Aug. 27th, 1824. DEAR SIR : Your very obliging favor of the 15th inst. I have received. And as one of the Senate of-whom you are pleased to speak in such favora­ ble terms, I return you my sincere thanks (you say with the exception of a few). The exceptions were indeed very few, I mean of those who had not the most friendly feelings towards, and were not only satisfied but much pleased with the able and impartial manner with which you discharged the important as well as critical duties of the station in which you Were placed, so much so that they will willingly and cheerfully render you any service they may have in their power. This, I think I can venture to assert from the frequent opportunities I had last winter with most of the members of the Senate, as well as with other gentlemen, on the subject of the next election for Governor. You wish not to be considered as electioneering. I do assure you that in my opinion there is nothing contained in your friendly letter, that can be construed in that light, neither is it or would it be necessary for any person to electioneer with me, as my mind was more than once openly and freely expressed on that subject last winter, and have had no good reason since to change my opinion. You very correctly Observed that no certain calcu­ lation can be made from popular reports—but sometimes tolerable correct opinions may be formed from them. I think I am not in error, when I say (this is also the opinion of the best. informed) that you will receive at least three-fourths and perhaps more of' the votes of this county, and the same estimate will hold good in the coun­ ties north of this; on this I think you may safely rely. I am again a candidate for the Senate, and have three opponents; whether- I shall succeed or not is uncertain. I think my prospects are at least equal and I am willing to believe a little better than either of the other candi­ dates for success. The $3 per day vote, will have some effect on my speed, but not so much as I have anticipated. Be that as it may, successful or not, whether in public or private capacity, if I am favored with good health, I hope to have the pleasure of seeing you in Columbus next winter, and that in the character of the Chief Magistrate of the State of Ohio. I am dear sir, with unfeigned regard, Yours sincerely, JAS. KOOKIN. P. S. Please remember me to R. Collins, Esq.., and Mr. H, Davis. Gov. A. Trimble, Hillsborough. 136 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[From John W. Campbell.] WEST UNION, 8th Nov., 1824. DEAR SIR : Your line of October has been received and should have been answered before this time ; but for engagements mostly of a domestic nature demanding attention before my departure, I am strongly inclined to advise that you locate your warrants before the limitation expires (4 Jan'y) as it is a little doubtful whether the time will be prolonged. I think myself it ought and I will at an early day take the step necessary for trying the question. The last extension"was ardently opposed by Messrs. Ross and Vance and one or two members from other States, and I presume their further opposi­ tion may be expected. Vance intimated that very few except spurious warrants were then afloat; that the vacant lands ought to.be surveyed and brought into market.. My reply was they were not worth the expense., that I would not accept them upon the condition of having them surveyed; nor would I. He made representations much in their favour both as to quantity and quality. This, with many, would be an insuperable objection to appropriating other lands. The time ought to be extended until the Continental war- ' rants are satisfied, and then liberty given those who hold warrants of the State Lino Established to locate. On the other topics I expvet to say something to you further before my departure. From accounts, it seems Dr. Telfair need not be expected this fall. Yours with much respect, JOHN W. CAMPBELL. [Allen Trimble to his Brother.] PHILADELPHIA, PA., 31st March, 1825. DEAR BKOTIIER: I have just seen the last of the goods put in the wag­ gons, there was more thiin one load, in all about 6000 lbs. I advanced $47.00 on the carriage; the balance you will forward to Duncan & Forsyth, Pittsburgh, to whom the goods are consigned. I have! written to them to ship them to Manchester, care of McCIean & Fischer, or either of them. The Bills I have forwarded by a Mr. Perine of Dayton, who will put them in mail at Cincinnati. I have put them up in three packages; sealed and directed to Mr. A,T. P. M. H. I have sent you more goods than you ordered, and more than I intended, but after making a beginning at Rockhills & Tolands. I was introduced ton house, Atwood & Co., at which I thought the goods were low. They offered to make li bill at their Cash prices, and wait 00 days. I therefore made a bill, of $1202.17 with them; the money must be sent punctually, for you will see the goods are Jower than any I have bought. I also bought more domestic goods than you ordered, because jt is the opinion they will rise yet 10 to 20 % net above the present prices, Which you see is advanced ; the Spring Cotton is said to be now a cent in market, and some say two higher than 1 bought; an old merchant at, Lynchburg, Virginia, bought 15000 lbs., then one more order in, than will be filled in 10 days, says the merchant. You will see I have drawn on C. V. Rothhill, for some of the bills at 60 days, some 4 mo ths, and some t! months. Arrangements must he made to meet these orders. You must not. sell these goods on Credit. You cer­ tainly can sell lower for Gush than any goods have been sold in Hillsbo­ rough, with the exception of a few articles, and you had better sell for a profit of Ten percent (iO'/o) for Cash, than get 50% the way you have been selling. '«'••"• Invite the attention of your friends and I would say for cash, and I would make such a discount as to bring the goods on accommodating terms, and also make a difference between Cash and Credit of at least 12J per cent'; and credit no man who will not pay in six months. But I would put the goods so low, for Cash, as to attract the attention of those who have money. JUDGE THOMPSON.

Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 137

Local lathes are rising, it is 28 to 30 cents here; hides and hare is 10 to 20 and scarce; tow linen of good quality is now worth 20 to 23 cents; feathers 30 to 35 cents; bees wax is 35 to 40 cents, and the latter in great demand— you ought to buy all you can at 25 cents; clover seed is now worth $3.50 to $4.00—you might take it in if of good quality at that price. I think you ought to sell the Spring Cotton low, to get Eastern; and some of the articles for Cash I would put at least 6% lower. You may rely on-it, that you had better quit the credit trade; in a great many instances you find those who promise you part payincnt for goods are frequently unable, and some times unwilling to pay it; and also those who do have it, often fail to engage, and often to also take the goods, on credit, unless they pay higher for their goods than if they pay cash. The bills amount to $5,713.01 —so you see you must have.'some cash for them; if you do not, you ought to keen them. My love to the family. I go to New York to-morrow. I am well. ALLEN THIMBLE. [From P. W.Rockhi!!.] PHILADELPHIA, April 8,1825. MY DEAR SIR: I am truly gratified to hear you have obtained the loan on such good terms. They are better than I anticipated 1 feet quite cer­ tain (as I mentioned both to yourself and Mr. Buckingham) that you would get it. But I thought not under 0%. You may thank'those fellows at Sandusky for a little injury. There is no enterprise? in Philadelphia; our moneyed men are real Jura- pins, and if a few of its Jersey men were not here, even the Western country business would not remain long. My land and capital are all employed in my present business, which is widely extended, and requires all I have, and I would have done something for you myself. I had every inclination. You must now try to stop, or soothe, the opposition in your State. Bend all your powers to accomplish your object. Pay your interest with great punctuality and your next loan will take on still better terms. It is a great undertaking and will require sums of money. Be very careful in the men yon appoint to manage these concerns. I wish you success with real sincerity. The note of Phillips is paid and passed to your credit. My best respects to Mr. Brown and Mr; Buckingham,-and believe me, Yours respectfully, P. W. ROCKIULL. Addressed to Gen. Allen Trimble, (ill Broadway, New York. [From Jab. Filch.]

WESTERN KKSEUVI!. BANK, WAKIIEN, April 30, 1825. GENTLEMEN: .Your letter of the 14th Inst, is received and I have consult­ ed the directors of this institution on the subject of the proposition which it contains. We have had no opportunity of consulting other Banks, and do not know what effect such an arrangement would have upon us. If you should delay giving the drafts until the Canal Commissioners should want -the whole amount to pay large contracts we should probably be losers by the transaction,but if your object is (as we suppose) to place at the disposal of the Canal Commission considerable sums to be expended from lime to time in the prosecmioii of the work, and they be disposed to consult our convenience in making drafts upon us as far as the nature of their transac­ tions will admit of, the operation might he beneficial lo us. If you should not make terms more favorable to the other Banks, we feel disposed to receive your drafts at. four months sight without, interest on the Manhattan Bank in the City of New York for such sum or sums as you may feel disposed to place at the disposal of the Canal Commissioners. We 138 • Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

should however, prefer having drafts at four or four and a half months from date, but if your arrangements are such that you cannot do this conven­ iently it will not be insisted on. • If upon experiment we shouldfind the business inconvenient and injuri­ ous we shall feel at liberty to decline it. , I am gentlemen, very respectfully, your obt. serv't, JAR. FITCH. Messrs. Ethan A. Brown, E. Buckingham, Allen Trimble, Commissioners of the Canal Fund.

[From M. Garaghty.] LANCASTER OHIO BANK, 1 May 18, 1825. / GENTLEMEN: Your favor of the 14th ultimo from New York was duly received and laid before the board of directors. I am authorized to accept your drafts in favor of the Canal CommiBsioners^for any sum from thirty to one hundred thousand dollars,' for which payment will be received by this Bank in drafts on the Manhattan Bank in the City of New York not having more than one hundred and twenty days to run after presentation. Then the terms are mentioned, and the writer goes on to say: These terms the Directors conceive to be hard ones for the Bank, but feeling a deep interest in common with t-heir fellow citizens in the great work about to be com­ menced in Ohio, they feel themselves authorized to forego, in some measure,. the interest of the institution for the purpose of aiding the views and fur­ thering the wishes of the agents of the State. I remain very respectfully, your obt. serv't, M. GARAGHTY. To Messrs. Ethan A. Brown, E. Buckingham, Allen Trjmble, [From J. Woodbridge, Secretary.]Commissioners. BANK OF CiiiLLicoTHE.'May 12th, 1825. GENTLEMEN: Your favor from New York of the 14th, ulto., reached here in due time, but owing to my absence, I have been unable to give it an earlier answer. The Board have considered yourproposition and instructed me to inform you that they cannot accede to it. To exact what would be equivalent to 2J per cent, for your drafts to an indefinite amount When wo are selling our checks on Phila., in small or large amounts at one percent! i« asking more than we think ought to be required of our public spirit. Mure especially when, from the great influx of our eastern funds, result­ ing from our Orleans trade and exports to other quarters, and the sums which must necessarily be drawn from the East for casual purposes, we have every reason to believe that exchange will in a short time be reduced to half per cent, if not to par. I have had several offers from Cincinnati of large sums since the com­ mencement of this year of eastern funds at par, and have been informed that there are times when they sell in that city at a discount. ( The Board are willing to undertake as much of this business as you may find it expedient to put in their hands, on reasonable terms, and have in-tructed me to propose for the present to advance a sum not exceeding 30 or $40,000 on your draft at 60 days' rate. If. however, it should be desirable for you not to draw-at less than four months, they would probably accept an equivalent in amount for the difference in time. Respectfully, Your obt."serVant, ETIMN A. BROWN, J. WOODBRIDGE, Sec'y. E. BUCKINGHAM, ALLEN TRIMBLE. Esquires, . ^ Commissioners of the Ohio Canal Fund. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 139

[From W. Neil, Cashier.] F. BANK—COLUMBUS, May, 21,1825. DEAR SIR: The directors of the. bank have directed me to inform you, as Commissioner of the Canal Fund, that they Will purchase drafts at sixty days date upon the Manhattan Bank of New York, and advance one fourth of the amount at the time drawn, the balance as soon as the draft is paid. , t Respectfully, Your Obt. Servant, W. NEIL, Cashier. Allen Trimble, Esq. Columbus, 0., 15th Jan., 1825. [From E.Buckingham to Gov. A. Trimble.] Gov. A. TRIMBLE : COLUMBUS, 13th Juno, 1825. DEAR SIR : I have been here ten days as Juror at Court. Gov. Brown reached here on Thursday night and left here on Friday morning. While here we drew an order on the Treasury in favour of the W. Reserve Bank, $15,000, and one for the same^ amount in favour of the Lancaster Bank. The Canal Commissioners while at North, made a requisition for $10,000 for Contractors and .$'2,000 for Expenses, which is intended to be paid out of the afore mentioned Drafts, no Banks except W. R. and Lancaster have . notified me of their acceptance of our proposition. Governor Clintdn has written that he Will come and be with us at the celebration of the commencement, at which time I hope to meet you. My wife and daughter Catherine came herewith me, Since which. Catherine has.had the misfortune to break or dislocate her right arm at the Elbow;. but is mending as well as could be expected, and atrt in hopes will be able to ride home in*a day or two[From. IEthann hop eA. thi Brovm.]s will find yourself and family well, I remain, Your friend' and humbleCINCINNATI servant, , AugusE. BUCKINGHAMt 26th, 1825.. DEAR, SIR: I do hot find bankers or brokers here, who offer to take our bills at four months' date, pay check o"f the acting commissioner for work done &c, as other banks do, unless it be at 2J per ct. discount, payable $ in specie and J in bank bills of the State; or to take our bills, advance money when wanted upon them, charging interest on the same until the bill be paid. - , " Nevins and, Willis are willing to. make an experiment on our draft for $15,000, payable 70 or 72 days after date—discount One per cent., on the same as they might have to pay,to ca^h it in.New York. i, k . So we might better bear the expense of transportation at the risk of con/ tractors, from Columbus or Lancaster, .than submit to these terms. The contractors, after this month',' will probablyfind their interest in joining, to send special messenger for money. ' -., .... I haye not a word, from, Mr. White,' or from either of my co-commission:.' era on the subject of the" payment of the instalment of our loan—due on the first of this month. I hope yott are mor,e fortunate; but I confess I appre­ hend something wrong, why has hot Mr. White written payment, or no payment? My apprehensions I only hint to you and friend Buckingham, , to who I write by Ws mail. I am, dear sh*,., \ Your ffrend and servant, ETHAN A. BROWN. \ General Allen Trimble. \ P. 8. Only Messrs. Williams, Johnston an.d Beasley attended the ap­ pointed meeting of the "Canal Comrrussioners at. this place, Kelley being fully ehgoged--Minor's daughter at the point of death—and your friend Wqrthingfoh—-I.knbw not what. You may guess';" There was a Question Of considerable moment to decide, viz.: Whether the upper or lower level was to bo- followed in approaching this town? The. commissioners present; agreed—forwarded their opinions -to their colleagues. Minor promptly replied, approving of their, viewed Worthington more. cautious, hitherto, prudently delays ah answer 11! E. A. B. 140 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Elearan Lord to Allen Trimble.] NEW YORK, 2 Nov., 1825, ALLEN TRIMBLE, Esq.: DEAR SIR: Having an opportunity by Mr. Diiha, of Athens, of writing to you, I very gladly embrace it. It will no doubt be satisfactory to you to know that the filial instalment of the canal loan has been duly paid. Most of it, indeed, Was made, full stuck before the day (1st inst.) for the payment of the third instalment. The times however" have turned against us and it has been impracticable to bring the stock into market advantageously; but we doubt, not it will by and by take the stand it merits in comparison with thefive p . ct; of this State. For you may rest assured that we shall not dispose qt it on terms that might prejudice tho interests of the State in future loans. On the contrary, our best endeavors, as they have hitherto, shall continue to be employed in the interests of I he State. We have recently addressed a letter to the Commissioners of the fund, which has gone by private conveyance to Mr. Buckingham. It relates to the state of money matters here, and contains some suggestions touching the doings Of your next legislature, on which much, very much, depends, as to the stand­ ing of your stock here and abroad, and as to future- loans. The Bank has profited essentially in these limes by having your funds so long and to so large an amount on'deposit. It may be proper for me to say confidentially to you, however, the. Bank has indirectly in some measure injured the "stock by asking 7 per ct. interest for temporary loans on it, while they make temporary loans on.United States Bank Stock at 0 per ct. I had occasion to borrow a.small portion of the instalment in August, which they lent at is"; but when I.applied for a small loan toward the 3rd Instal­ ment they required 7 per ct. I remonstrated on the ground that it was estimating the security as not equal to that of the United States Bank, and thereby operating against the stock, but without ell'eet. It would give me great pleasure to hear from you soon respecting the probable state of the Canal question in the next Legislature, and on all other matters which you may be pleased to communicate. Mr. Rathbone joins me in sentiments of sincere esteem and regard. Your obt. serv't, ELEARAN Loan. P. S. What I say respecting tho Bank, I mean only as a private informa­ tion, which if persisted in may hereafter require the consideration of the Commissioners, and I feel bound to acquaint you of whatever appears likely to affect impersonally negotiations in the stock. Many are waiting to see what your Legislature docs on the subject next winter; on which confidence with the public here ver[ yFrom muc Ebeneozerh depends .Buckingham.] E. L. A letter from Eheneazcr Buckingham, Putnam, Ohioj 4 November, 1825, says : " I have written to Governor Brown to make out a Report as far as he" can, before the meeting of the Legislature, and have also informed him of your wish to meet a few days before the meeting of the Legislature. I expect some difficulty with the Banks making deposits for us. The Colum­ bus Bank has returned Drafts for eleven thousand dollars—ten thousand of which had been designed for acting Commissioners and one thousand for the President of the Bank to pay expenses with. However, there will prob­ ably not be any more calls from the Bank until we have a meeting. I hope to find you in good health. With much esteem, your friend, General Allen Trimble. E. BUCKINGHAM.'' Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 141

[Resignation as Canal Commissioner.] To THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OP OHIO : I herewith tender my resignation of the appointment which I now hold as Commissioner of the Canal Fund. I consider it due as well to those who maintained my right to a seat in the Senate, as to myself, to say that it is not from any doubt existing in my own mind as to the constitutionality of a Commissioner of the Canal Fund occupying a seat in the General Assembly that I have come to the determi­ nation to resign my appointment at this period. I am fully convinced that » holding both situations is not incompatible with the Constitution. In this opinion I am supported by a large majority of my constituents, by the unan­ imous decision of a large committee selected by the Senate to investigate the subject; by a majority of the Senate; and also by the opinions of some of the most able Jurists of this or any other country. 1 am, however, unwilling to hold a'seat in the Senate of Ohio, and particularly the station of its presiding officer, when a part of its .members respectable for numbers and information, believe mo disqualified by holding the appointment of Commissioner of the Canal Fund. The confidence so liberally bestowed upon me on all occasions by the Senate, -which appears from their late almost unanimous vote for Speaker not to be abridged; seems also to require that I should relieve myself and them from all embarrassment that may grow out of the investigation of questions Connected with this subject, and as far as in my power remove every obstacle to a harmonious discharge of our public duly. Thus impressed, and believing that it. would be inconsistent with the duties anil obligations imposed on me by receiving the suffrage of the District which I have the honor to represent to abandon the station in which those suffrages have placed me, I take the other alternative, in the confident hope that no inconvenience will result from my resignation. 1 have the honor to be, with great respect, 20tli Dec, 1825. Your most obt. ser't, ALLEN THIMBLE. A letter from R. Wickliffe to Win II. Allen on this subject, written from Frankfort, Nov.. 11, 1S25, [Fromrefers Dr.to th Daniele lega lDrake.] aspect. GENEIIAI. THIMBLE: LEXINGTON, KV., Dec. 31, 1825. DEAR Sin:. Permit me to congratulate yon, my dear sir, on the highly prosperous state of the Canal project, in the State of Ohio. 1 consider it now quite certain that she is soon to be among the most distinguished members of the Great Sisterhood. The Medical School at this place nourishes. AVe have 2S1 regular, bona- fide, pupils - 47 more than we had last year, which is a greater increase than had taken place in any one of the live preceding years. I spend my sum­ mers in Cincinnati. I'am, dear sir, respectfully,. DAN. DRAKE. [Allen Trimble lo liisson, Joseph McDowell Trimble.] • Cot.i'Miius, Omo, Dec. 5, 1825. MY Sox: Mr. Brush affords mean opportunity of saying to you, that I am well and left the family well. I have no news to give you except that 11. Davies has contested my election, on'the ground that I am Commissioner of the Canal Fund,—he is here and doing all he can to injure me. If there is any one here friendly to him, they are secretly so! From the result of the election for Speaker, I think I have nothing to fear. I wits elected by iin overwhelming majority; it is expected, that Mr Syllaman will make a strong effort against me,'and there are three or four others who will go probably with him. Jl'he question will probably'be settled this week. I will send.you the paper as requested, upon condition you willfile an d take care of it." Write me by Mr. B. Your father, ALLEN THIMBLE. 142 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[From Jos. M. Swaine.] PHILAD., Jan. 3,1826. SIR: Will you allow me to ask, in behalf of the Canal Commissioners of Pennsylvania, that copies of such documents relating to the Canals of Ohio as have been printed lor the use of the Legislature may be forwarded to me. I know not that any apology is necessary for troubling you on the subject which excites in both states so much interest, and in which perhaps their futures are closely connected. Be assured it will give the Pennsylvania Canal Commissioners the highest pleasure to reciprocate the favor in any way to testify their sense of obligation and their respect for Ohio and its policy. I have the honor to be, His Excellency • Yr. Excellency's mo. obt. Svt., Gov. Trimble. Jos. M. SWAINE, Sec. Penn Canal Corns. [From Allen Trimble.] JUDGE TAPPAN: SIR: lam requested by the Secretary of the Pennsylvania Canal Com­ missioners, Jos. M. Swaine, Esqr., Philadelphia, to forward him a copy of a Canal Commissioners' report; Rot finding any in the office, and learning-. that you have a few spare oopies, I have ventured to request you to send a full set to the Pennsylvania Canai Commissioners, by. which you will equally oblige them and Your, friend, &c, A. T. [E. Buckingham to Allen Trimble.] PUTNAM, 24 January, 1826. GENERAL ALLEN TRIMBLE:

[From Allen Trimble.] SENATE CHAMBER, 27th Jan., 1826. To THE HONORABLE BOARD OF EQUALIZATION : GENTLEMEN : In the opinion given of the assessment and relative value of the counties composing the district which (in part) I have the honour to represent, I did not intend to be'understood to say that the 5th district was valued' low, compared with the values of lands in other parts of the State. On the contrary, 1 believe that district assessed its high, in proportion to its real value,.as any other sections of the State, and higher thai) sonie-bf tliem ?•—I. did npt'expeet you would think it proper to raise,, but-that'you would equalize the assessment maile of the different counties in the district; but you thought it your duty tdadd,—and although I believed you had.added too much,—particularly to'Ad^ms,—I felt itmy„diity to be satisfied, -when on your review- and examination on the 'evening of the 25th,'.when (I had f the honor to appear before you) you reduced Adams to 2i(f0 a.ri'd left High­ land and Clinton at 1.80 and Brown 3.50, the rate voifeliud'pre'viously .fixed. ';But as you have thought proper to reconsider your decision in rejtjtipii to •''"Jjtighiand" and Cliniton, and raise these (^unties to $2.00, IliQfieV^p'tt'w'ill '•:. pardon me for saying that I do most conscientiously believe tliiifcyou have !v done "'(though I am sure hot injientioiiaily) injustice; to these two counties; particularly' Highland.* It is With-'much reluctance Inovv' complain, fpK.3 know full well that you have an arduous and difficult duty to pu.rfqjuiitrid : thafefSie object of the Board has been to do substantial justice to every part ;, bf{the Sfete. But I do humbly coiiceive^hafShenew/i'ji/rf-you'liiive returned in relation to the,value of Highland'has led you intoerror,Which if ,yollcai| be' satisfied of (not otherwise), I hope you will correo^eyeh now, befi)ria.,yoirJ' error'goel forth. Were I.tQ tell my cons.titueiits that the land on tH^ Tax List in Adams was worth onlyfifty cents froWthan the lands of Highland, they would consider pie as offering an instfit to their under8tandiiigy4ti<$r would Franklin and'several other cdiyijjies I could name, be coiisiderydAy those who kne.W them well, as high inproportionjito'their values as Highland. I hope the Board will IJ/'romexcuse;jnefo Juager doinJohng McLeqn.-\ wh^t'I belieye.t o be my dnty» Inan 1826,d accep fromt tlie'assuranc Washingtone oCity,f tlie^'respectfliidesteet Judge John McLeann ofSays:, •„;:>£$' "I, view, your-;i'- i . election as certain,Thei andr suffemostr bbedieht me to tel, letc. yo,u &c.,.;that: no^liin '', ALLEg couhl-ftHyrdmN TRIM'BCE. e ;i greater pleasure. .Doctor Campbell, although a^'(#thy man, wirMiot be ; supported much'out the district,.of cpuntrV in/whichyh^ is personally ' acquainted and even there I presume you4jfiil have the-inaj'tirity. .. ( I aim p$>ud to.see the progress of Ohiot,!The canaVwill be a.monument to her wisdom and.energy and will elevate the character qf all those who,had active agencies in theircpmmencement a^d'progress.tf: - ,,,,;.•'. /' .:"• There will. Be a S.eHator in Congress to^elect at ithe next session" of our Legislature. Ju^dg&Ruggles possesses talani«equal to an.yftn'e who maybe named in opposition to him. I consider him equal %-ahy other; member from.the West,'<;and he is a man of the'purest m$n£iples! Iyaveuitbounded ,«confidencehi his integrity. It would be very gratifyingrto ijieif His election should have your countenance. ' •;: .,. • --« /." -•" s-; Mrs, McLean joins nje in respects to Mrs. Trimble!:and'family. .", Sincerely your friendy JOHN MCLEAN,, 144 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[From Ebeneazer Buckingham.] PUTNAM, 28 January, 1820. GEN'L A. THIMBLE, Speaker of the Senate: DEAR Snt: I this morning received a communication from our friends, Messrs. liuthbone & Lord, of which 1 send you a copy. As the information it contains is deemed of great Importance, and the source from which it comes of such undoubted authority, it is thought best to lose no time in laying it before the Legislature. The letter itself contains so full an expo­ sition of the state of the money market, that any suggestions from me are considered unnecessary-—my "fears had anticipated difficulties, and 1 had some time since written to Governor Brown requesting him to lose no time in joining me at this place ; and he informs me I may look for him on Monday next. With great respect 1 am, dear sir, Your ob't ser't, E, BUCKINGHAM. [ The enclosed letter.] \ NEW YOKK, Kith January, 1820. GENTLEMEN: We have had the pleasure to receive your esteemed favor of 27th ult. and are highly gratified with the prospect it holds out of a more speedy accomplishment of the great work in which we are engaged than we. expected, and at, an expense so considerably less than was estimated. The system which you have established forcnudueting the business, particularly in the disbursement of money and accountability of agents, is admirable. Indeed I he progress you have made is highly creditable to those concerned and to the good people of tin.' Slate at large. To the reasons which existed at the dale of our last for obtaining authority to borrow money for a short period may now be added the state of the money market in Europe as fur­ nished us I>y the late quotations, and of which you will have been informed through the published papeis l>"l'ore this gets to hand. The.samu cause has produced the same effect in Knglaiid as in-this country. Abundance of money and ease of obtaining credit, induced people to speculate and over­ trade, the masses of specie which had accumulated in both countries have been scattered abroad, and.some time nuisl elapse before it returns back. In the meantime it will lie difficult lo negotiate loans other than temporary, and lo that object your attention should be turned. We would advise that authority be ohinlned for borrowing a larger sum than you contemplated, anil for n longer time—say one million payable in one and two years. In funnel- limes of general peace the rale of interest has been low and will be so again The character of Ohio is rising; she is becoming more extensively and heller known ; the progress of her public works will'improve hercreilit and she .will borrow,a year or two hence on better terms than now, when il. is also to lie hoped and expected the limes will be more favorable than at present. We therefore are decidedly of the opinion that your present measures should [Frombe directe E. A.d t Drowno the obtaininand E. Buckingham.]g of. loans for a short period to an amount equal to what, will be required for atPI'TNAM, least ,on OHIOe yea, rFeb to. come3. 1820. . , Id-: MI Sue We received this morning the enclosed account with a letter from Mr. Whilp, of which the following is an extract:.. '• IA-I-I- since you last contracted for your loan, money has become more valuable, add will receive in the trading coniniunily—bring full our legal inlerrsi of 7 per ct. I would dot-idedly advise you to borrow at home at (> per ceni. the iiioney you may require for the coining year, so-that when Mm i ff.-r \oiir IO:III tin- public may not suppose your necessities oblige you oi give any term-; and I would take the liberty of suggesting lo you. whether il HOIIIII ii"t be for the interi st of the Stale of Ohio to pass a law authoriz- ing'lh" ('onniiissioneiv in contrail for the whole sum probablv necessary to n-li-.e the catiiil if they -hould think proper under such circumstances. I would gi\e puhi'c notice thai proposals would be received, say in New Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 145

York, at least six months before, so as to give the capitalists of Europe an opportunity of offering for it—wbich I have no doubt tbey would provided the security was properly and fully explained. They have advantages over the people of the United States in the rate of Ex.: in the first instance there would be a gain of nearly ten per cent, on their bills which would be an immense advantage, .but you can only induce them to engage in it by show­ ing them the most if.ndoubted security—and on this point the State should be very explicit in their giving full power to their Agents or Commissioners to carry their measures into full effect; and perhaps it wo'uld have a good effect if your agent who may issue the certificates was appointed lpan officer, as it is in this State, by a law of- your Legislature." Yours with esteem, t E. A. BROWN, General Allen Trimble, E. BUCKINGHAM. Speaker of the Senate, Columbus, Ohio. WASHINGTON CITV, April 10th, 1826. [From John W.' Campbell to General Trimble.] DEAR SIR: On Saturday evening at one-half after four, Mr. Clay and Mr.- Randolph fought a duel. They stood at the distance of 30 feet. Tbe first firebein g harmless they took their positions the second time. Mr. C. found his ball passed through Mr. Randolph's clothes. Mr. R. having dis­ charged into the air, extended his hand which the other cordially re­ ceived. The friends of Mr. C. are General Jesup, and Mr. Johnson of Louisiana, and those of Mr. R., Messrs. Tatnell and Hamilton. Other gentlemen were present. Mr. C. challenged for words which he con­ sidered personal used by Mr. R. in a speech in the Senate. This affair will be differently regarded. Some suppose calls of this kind may operate as an abridgment ofprivileg e and freedom of debate. Others think Mr. Clay has a right to put down such bitter enemies in any way he can. The offensive words I understand were: "That in the President and his Secretary were united the puritanNand blackleg. Severe enpugh! Mr. R. has always claimed and exerciseckin debate a degree of liberty which would have been denied to any othtk person. He ought to be called to order tho upon the person calling he^hould make eternal war. Some of*t°he Eastern gentlemen say Mr. Clay is down in the country forever and rather wished his removal. \ It may be supposed, by our good people that Mr. Adams is not very religious' ihat -he has purchased a billiard table with public money and retains Mr. C. \ The Panama discussion in our House so far drags. This measure upon principle shall have my hearty veto tho the appropriation will be made. I am, sir, [Allenyours wit Trimbleh esteem to, his son, Joseph M. JNOTrimble.]. CAMPBELL . *. COLUMBUS, O., October, 19th 1826. My DEAR' SON: I received your letter by Mr. and would have answered by-the same hand, but was too much engaged. I regret very much to hear that- Mr. Hazen has been so unfortunate. The Trustees here have had a .meeting and determined to employ some competent teacher, to supply his place. In your letter received before I left home, you enquire if you can visit Columbus this Winter? I have no particular objections if yotf are not thrown back in your studies, by so doing. I am anxious' that you shall maintain your standing in your class. I was qualified and entered on the duties of my new" office t,°day. I shall send you a copy of- my address by next mail. I have not heard from home since IJeft them. John w.rote to you at that time. In haste as you will see. Your father, ' ALLEN TRIMBLE. 146 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Cincinnati Commercial Register, Wednesday, December 27,1826.] The inaugural address of Governor Trimble, in our opinion, is the best document of. the kind, which we have had the pleasure of examining this winter. It is a plain matter pf fact paper, unambitious in its character; but it is entirely devoid of the usual cant of such productions; every sentence is important, every suggestion useful, every idea pregnant with matter of the highest interest, to the general concern. There is scarcely a line which could be lopped off, as surplusage. The great portion pf the address, which is devoted to the subject of public schools, does honor to the heart as well as to the head, which seems to have reflected so deeply on this point. The legislature cannot enter on this subject too fully, nor too soon. 'Ohio well deserves the character which she has sustained, for good morals and sound principles; the increase of population and of wealth, however, connected with the great influx of strangers, which has distinguished her history, will naturally tend to shake this pure state of the public body. The establishment of seminaries, the universal dis­ semination of education and intelligence throughout the people, are the best possible preventives for the threatening danger, are the most effective means of annihilating faction, and of preserving in their purity our free institutions. But there are two subjects which his Excellency has touched upon, which are more novel to the inhabitants of this state, and, if possible, more interesting to us; we allude to agriculture and manufactures. We have heretofore devoted much of our paper to both of these questions; we have on several occasions, called the attention of our fellow citizens to the imperious necessity, wbich, we think exists, of restraining in some measure,"the exclusive application of capital to mercantile pursuits, and diverting it into channels which would be certain not only to result in individual affluence, but in great national prosperity and independence. We contemporaneously appealed to the citizens of this county on the importance of establishing argicultural societies, and of applying to the state for a kind of patronage, which might operate more efficiently by proving their importance, from being made a subject of state legislation, than by pecuniary aid which might be afforded. It is a source of sincere congratulation that the Governor has, as so early a period of his admin­ istration, brought the subject before the legislature. He observes, "It is worthy of the consideration of the legislature, whether agricultural societies, properly constituted, would not have a tendency to advance the interests and elevate the character of this numerous class of citizens, who are, (or ought to be), alike estimable for their intelligence, morality, and native worth." It would certainly have this effect: It would ope­ rate in a manner similar to the establishment of large schools. A society of this kind, meeting once or twice a year, receiving and communicating, reciprocally, the result of their experience, cannot do otherwise than extend the sum of intelligence on the subject of the business which engages their attention. It will do more; it arouses competition, stim­ ulates exertion, and creates respect, for their important occupations. It produces another effect still more useful than this: It is well known that, in the West, there are many contracted and hurtful prejudices in tbe operations of agriculture, which are difficult to remove. A son sows, plants, and reaps, as he has been taught by his father, and he considers the plow, harrow, and hoe, which he has been accustomed to use, as tbe best in tbe world. He repels innovation in his agricultural system, with the same repugnance that he does innovation on his religious creed.* Nothing tends to wear off these prejudices, and pave the way for amelio­ ration and improvement, so much as association, and the communication and interchange of ideas on the subject. Now in the yearly exhibition of a society of farmers, every matter is brought to the test of experiment and of trial. THe'most inveterate prejudices must give way, and every man returns home wiser and more enlightened than he came. A practical agriculturist also finds out the connection which exists between a branch Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 147

of science, and his occupation, and a newfield fo r speculation is opened for him at once. He may know that such tbings are so, and that certain causes produce certain effects; but he is now led to inquire why these things are so, and why these effects are produced. He is carried by insensible degrees, to a small knowledge of agricultural Cbemistry; and at the same time that his occupation becomes moreflourishing, hefinds he bas increased his capacity for intellectual enjoyment. Connected with these societies, would be the production of domestic fabrics, which could not fail to enlarge the sphere of comfort and intelligence, throughout the state. The youth who can excel with the plough, the artist who pro­ duces the best tool or utensil, the lass and matron, all enter into compe­ tition, all have an opportunity of producing specimens of industry and ingenuity, all assume a stand of importance, and make their weight felt in such an association. The subject is inexhaustible, and as the advantages, are so palpable and important, the legislature ought not to defer its consideration an bour. The great andflourishing stat e of Pennsylvania, has tested the importance of legislative interference. Within five or six years, this body ertacted a law, giving aboutfifty dollar s a year to each county, or probably agricultural district. This sum which appears little more than a name, gave a stimulous which completely effected the object. It was sufficient to pay some of the incipient expenses, which may be incurred for printing, etc., and to afford an evidence of the consideration in which such institutions were held by the government. A few years have tested the advantages of it. They appear in everything; prejudices are aban­ doned, agriculture is improved, the breed of cattle is mended beyond calculation. The farmer, the lawyer, the merchant, the gentleman of science meet on the level, and they separate, after receiving from each other something new, and each carry away more than they brought. Ou[Supporterr limits forc eand us tGazette,o defer a feChillicothe,w more remarks Thursday,, which w eDecember had made 28, on 1826.] the subject, but which may appear tomorrow. Governor Trimble's Inaugural Address, which appears in another part of this paper, will be read with great interest. As a composition, it is much superior to most of those of his predecessors; and the subjects of which it treats are of the highest importance to the prosperity of the state. Elected by the almost unanimous suffrages of his fellow-citizens to the bigbest office within their gift, we trust that this gentleman's term of service will terminate as auspiciously as it has commenced, and will hereafter be remembered as a glorious era in our annals, by the successful completion of the great works of internal improvement, of which be, always has been the zealous and consistent advocate. [Dr. Daniel Drake to Gov. Trimble.] LEXINGTON, NEW YEAR'S DAY, 1827. Mv DEAR SIR: I have just received and read with great pleasure your Inaugural Address. The brief but vivid picture which it sketches of the state and prospects of Ohio is indeed well calculated to exalt the hopes and aspirations of your constituents and compatriots. I have never ceased to regret that the spirit of intrigue and faction should have driven me into banishment from the most attractive and momentous objects which occupied us in 1820-21. I shall at no time forget the zeal and liberality which you then mani­ fested; and I equally commend the earnestness with which you have spoken of the subjects the seeds of which were then planted by us. Your elevation to the chief magistracy of the state was an object which I have had at heart for the last four years and I sincerely congratulate my countrymen on the event. I say my countrymen because although 148 Correspondence of Allen Trimble. sinister events rendered it necessary to withdraw for a time at least, from the institutions of Ohio,- and attach myself to those of a sister state, I never have been expatriated in form or fact. Cincinnati has been my summer residence and I shall return thither as heretofore, in the month of March. I hope in the course of the summer that you will visit Cincinnati, where I shall be happy to meet you. Hoping that the General Assembly and the great functionaries of the state will be disposed to co-operate in all useful, and expanded views for the internal strength and dignity of the state, and wishing you a happy New Year, I have the honor to remain, Most respecfully, your friend, DAN DRAKE. P. S.—I will thank you to present my respects to an old and worthy friend, Mr. Corry. D. [J. W. Campbell to Gov. Trimble,] WASHINGTON CITY, January 6, 1827. MY DEAR SIR: Your very acceptable line was received yesterday. I will dedicate a few minutes to a compliance with your wishes. For the copy of your message I am thankful; (tho' I had read it several days before) on account of its being in a shape to be bound. All such documents with me are precious and are put under cover for preservation. Without meaning in the least toflatter, I will say, your message is very creditable. It is my own opinion that on the score of composition, it has not been surpassed by any of those of your predecessors. Mr. Morrow's were very sensible and generally free from serious objection; but on some of his sentences and indeed sometimes on whole paragraphs an "obscurity hung" rendering two or three readings necessary. His last near the close was so. The only part of your communication to which I have heard any objection raised is at the foot of the sixth page, where you use ironical language, at least so it appears. Some have appre­ hended it might give offense. Those parts which you have appropriated to education and its effects upon society would claim for any man, high eulogium. „ To calling a convention it seems to me there can be but one objection, and that I confess, is a serious one, the expensive times are hard and great is my solicitude that we should not falter in what we have undertaken. In reference to the exigencies of the V. M. O. we must do something. The subject is, before the Committee on Public Lands, to whom I have submitted the skeleton of a bill, as also had Judge Thompson. I have not seen his project; mine contemplates that the Surveyor General shall apply for the books, papers, and transport them to his office and perform the duties of "Principal Surveyor." This is the outline. Gen. McArthur and many others'are away now, does hot suit him. He has never been a close student tho' a powerful man. The Secretary of State ought to be studious and always in his office. This would kill Mr. Clay. His health is not good and if he had the inclination, he could not endure the confinement of the president or Judge McLean. They can bear anything which can be imposed upon the shoulders. Had Mr. Clay been as attentive to his duties as he ought to have been, it is very probable, at this time, we would have had no diffi­ culties with the British[B. in Rugglesreference to to Gov. the WesTrimble.]t India Trade. My letter is longer than I intended it should be. WASHINGTON, January 10, 1827. Believe me sincerely, yours, J. W; CAMPBELL. DEAR SIR: Your kind favor of the 3d, inst., was duly received. I was very much gratified in receiving a letter from you; and also for the information you have given me, on the subject of the Senatorial Election. I suppose before this reaches you, the Election will have taken place, and Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 149 my fate have been decided. Whatever the result may have been, either favorable or adverse, I shall cheerfully acquiesce in the decision of the legislature. I will not, however, disguise my feelings. I may be per­ mitted to say, that success, under the existing state of things would be much more desirable than defeat. The members pf the legislature in making the choice, will be governed by honest convictions of duty, with wbicb, it is my duty to be satisfied. Yesterday, while the Senate was in session, we received the intelligence of the defeat of Randolph of Virginia, and of Mr. Clayton and Mr. Rodney of Delaware. This news, as migbt naturally be expected, produced con­ siderable emotion; some were gratified, and others were mortified, and nothing was to be seen, but a mingled confusion of some, and smiling countenances at the results. The excitement of the moment is now over, and the visage of members have reassumed the accustomed appearances, and business travels, on in its ordinary channels. The declaration of war by Great Britain, against Spain, has produced much speculation here, as to her ultimate designs. It is thought by many discernipg politicians, that she has an eye upon Cuba, and that she will be dispoesd to avail herself of the present situation, to taken posesssion of that Island; and if she once dispossesses the Spanish authority, and takes it into her own hands, she will not relinquish it to any power on eartb, unless by superior force. These ideas may be all vagaries, and bave no foundation in reality; but time will develop the extent and scope of her designs. No bill of any importance has yet passed either House, although considerable business is [R.pending Wood, anto dGov. has Trimble.]been partiall y discussed in both. SENATEI shal CHAMBER,l at all Januarytimes b e14, happ 1827.y t o hear from you, and when anything of importancDEAR SIRe occurs: You,r i tfavo willr giv ofe th me pleasur11th inst.e t,o wawrites dul. y received, for the contents of JTourwhicsh respectfullyI feel my self, , sir, under- an obligation. B. RUGGLES. When I mentioned to Mr. Norton, I should like the appointment of an Aid to the Governor, I thought, in all probability, an application would be too late. I supposed, however, it would be excusable in me, as well as many others, were I to show a little vanity, by making this application. I did not, however, know any applications had been made, nor did I wish, nor would 1 consent that Cols. Pendelton and Godard, both of whom, I believe, are my personal friends, should be disappointed for my mere gratification. Should circumstances justify your Excellency, in the measure sug­ gested in yours of the 11th inst., I shall, at any time, with pleasure,. avail myself of the opportunity. I am in haste, and with due respect* Your obedient servant[Allen, Trimble to Judge Tappan.] R. WOOD. COLUMBUS, 0., January 15, 1827. SIR: I am requested by the Secretary of the Pennsylvania Board of Canal Commissioners, Jos. M. Swaine, Esq., Philadelphia, to forward him a copy of our Canal Commissioners' reports; not finding any tc\spare and hearing that you have a few spare copies I have ventured to request you to send a full set to the Pa. C. Corns, by which you will greatly oblige them and your friend and Sevt. . ALLEN TRIMBLE. 150 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Joseph Trimble to Allen Trimble.] HILLSBORO,.OHIO, Februarys, 1827. DEAR JOSEPH, MY SON: I received your letter giving, the result of the election in Athens County. I cannot say I was surprised at it, for the result in Highland has taught me not to wonder at any event depending upon so, precarious a tenure as the will of the people; they elevate and prostrate their public servants at will, and sometimes seem to act incon­ sistently and ungenerously towards those who have best served them. I make these remarks to show you that my opposition to Mr. M. was neither from any hostility to; him, or to gratify my ambition, but rather to oppose W—:—n in thefirst plan and gratify my friends in the Second. I have hot heard from the Western Reserve and Eastern part of the State, but from the result in this quarter of the State, I have no doubt but Mr. M. is elected. * * *•'#•'# * * * * * * Swearing, which is too prevalent in the world, is acknowledged by all well bred men, to be a senseless, shameful and abominable practice; determine to avoid this practice! I have not time to say any more. Your Father, truly, ALLEN TRIMBLE. I —> - [Allen'Trimble to Joseph Trimble] ^ HILLSBORO, O., February 9, 1827. DEAR JOSEPH: We received the letter written by you to your mother, a day since, and are sorry to hear that you are affected with toothache. In the vial which is incjosed there is a medicine said to be an effectual cure for that afflicting pain. Take one of the pills, and put in the hollow of tbe affected part of the tooth, and keep it there for a day or night, put a little cotton or some Lint on the top of the Cotton-pill, to prevent its strength from evaporating, and it will effectually kill the nerve, and prevent future pain. The medicine is not dangerous, being nothing more, than the essence of Garden Savery, an innocent, though useful vegetable. If the pain continues, you had better steam your head over a hot brick, Or Stove, and wash or bathe with spirits to extract the cold; for cold no doubt is the cause of the tooth aching. Your mother is not very well; all the rest are in healtb. When is your vacation? Your mother has some thoughts of going with me to Athens at that.time. I am most affectionately, your father, ALLEN TRIMBLE. P. S.—Mr. Baldwin who is bere, has subjoined a line of direction, A.. T. P. S. —^(From Mr. Baldwin)—If the means recommended by your father should prove ineffectual, I would admonish you, earnestly, not to be imprudent as to haying it drajvn out. But endeavor so as to obtain relief as not to suffer inconvenience for the future. If a physician should refuse to do it, you had better obtain a.jeweler or silversmith to take a pair of cutting plyers, and cut the tooth off; then take a 4-inch, 1-2 round hie, and file the stump down even with the gum; then take a needle No. 1, fix it in a small vice, heat it red hot in.a candle, and introduce it, up into the center of the root, which will entirely destroy all pain. By pur­ suing the prudent course, you will preserve the root for future usefulness. [R. H. Bishop to Gov. Trimble.] OXFORT, February 4, 1827. HONOURED SIR: There being no regular Law School west of the moun­ tains, and the knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence and of those portions^of history Which are usually connected with the study of the law as a profession being essentially necessary for the preservation of the purity and vigour of our republican institutions, it is in contemplation Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 151

to have a law professorship established in the Miami University. It is proposed to have only one professor, but to have a man of known, acquire- . ments and standing and who will devote his whole time to the duties of his office unencumbered with any other engagements. It is also pro­ posed, that he shall give instructions during the whole college year of ten months and have two recitations daily. And finally it is desirable that - this course of instruction should be put at once within the reach of the great body of our youth. , To procure the necessary funds it has been suggested— First. To engage a few intelligent and active men in different Sections of tbe State, to obtain, by means of their influence and exertions the names of a majority of the legal voters in their respective counties to a petition to the next General Assembly praying the creation of a fund for the. support of said Professorship; and Secondly. That the Board of Trustees, of the M. U. present to the next General Assembly a statement and detail of the plan Of the con­ templated Law School with a petition praying that a permanent fund to the amount of — dollars be created for its support. And that upon the creation of such a fund students of law from every part of the State shall be admitted for a sum not. exceeding — dollars for one year's instruction. And further that every,presiding Judge through­ out the State shall have the privilege of recommending yearly one young man for each county in which he presides to have one year's instruction without any charge. $20,000 invested in canal or other public stock at \)4 or 5 per cent would be a sufficient endowment. I have thus made free to lay before you in confidence the outlines, of our plan. When you have a spare hour you will oblige me much to let me know how far, in your opinion the" plan is desirable or practicable. Should you approve o[Gov.f the Trimbleplan upo ton R.th eH. whole Bishop.], you will further oblige us in giving the names of a few men iHILLSBOROn different ,part O., sMarc of thh e12 Stat, 1827e wh, o woulDEAd Rlikel SIRy: co-operatYour lettee witr ho fus th. e 6th ult., came to me in the,due course of Shoulthe maild suitabl. I have encouragemene examined tth bee contentoffered stb wite schooh soml ewil carl bee anopened attend b­y tion,the beginnin/ and woulg odf nexhavte Novembergiven an. immediatSincereley answeryours,, butR .no Ht. concurrinBISHOP. g with you in opinion as to the plan most proper to be pursued in order to effect an object so important and desirable as the establishment of a law "professorsbip in the Miami University, I have delayed in order to avail myself of the opinion of some friends in whose judgment I have great confidence in matters of, this kind. As yet I have had no opportunity of conferring with those on whose judgments I rely, I will therefore give to you hastily, the result of my .own reflections upon this subject. Admitting (as I do to the fullest extent) the importance of attaching a law profes­ sorship to the M. U. I very much doubt the propriety of adopting a plan to raise funds, so liable to fail, and in its failure to raise a prejudice aganist an honorable profession, and a young and promising institution or learning. You propose '' To engage sL few intelligent and active men in different sections of the state to obtain by means of their influence and exertions the names of a majority of the legal voters of their respective counties to a petition to the next General Assembly praying the creation of a fund for the support of a Law Professorship." Now sir, look at the operation of this plan, you select the most influential men in each county, a lawyer if you please and friendly to the project, a petition is started, some demagogue comes out a candidate for the legislature (a third rate awyex ten to one) -a friend to the people^ and laying hold of the vulgar 152 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

prejudices of the community, against science and literature cries out Aristocracy, Privileged Qrders, tax the poor to educate therich, etc . And should the candidate not be a petty-logger, he has only to bawl out lustily against lawyers, and the plan of taxing the people to increase a class already too numerous, and my word for it, your petition Would have a lean minority in the counties, and probably a more mortifying one in the legislature, in its favor. I am clearly of the opinion that the tendency of such a petition circulated among the people would be to raise a high degree of excitement against lawyers, and prevent many of the most talented and liberal among them (who may be candidates) from, being elected to their legislature, and would be the means of many succeeding (who ought pot) that would go to the Assembly under pledges to oppose any appropriation, of money for the M. U., and God knows there is no necessity for sending men under pledges to oppose your interest, for there have always, been enough willing to let you alone, without previous obligation to do so or even to refuse aid, pledged to be given, as evidenced by the proceedings of the last legislature. However unfortunate your applications to the legislature have hitherto been, I would greatly prefer in a question of this kind, (when local jeal­ ousy and prejudice may so easily be found) to rely on tbe intelligence and liberality of the Trustees and would petition the legislature, without agitating this question in the community. I will close my letter with suggesting as a plan preferable to. this.one you name, that the Trustees and Faculty of the Miami University as soon as circumstances will allow, attach to the University a Law Pro­ fessorship relying on their own, resources for funds, or if the funds of the Institution are inadequate call on the Gentlemen of the bar whose lib­ erality I doubt not" would[E. Buckingham, be exercise tod Gov.to th Trimble.]e utmost o f their ability. PHILAPELPHIA,* Whatever plaApriln yo 3,u ma1827.y dee m it expedient to pursue, rely upon all the aidDEA I caR nSIR affor: dYou yoru beinthermometeg renderer dwa cheerfullys - accidentall: y left behind and I could not try the original maker to get it mended buALLEt it iNs thTRIMBLEe unifor. m opinion of the artists here that it cannot have' a tubefitted to the present gradation and they will ask as much withinfifty cent s for repairing it as for a hew one. I haVe left it here with Mr. Alister until I return to New York in; the summer and will then try if it can be done. • I have now been about four weeks eastward endeavoring to reconnoitre the money market and am sorry to say the present prospect, is not such as to warrant the expectation, that money cpuld be had at a reasonable rate. The present price of our 6 per cent stock is.but a little above its contract price and it is the opinion of Messrs. Lord, Rathbone and.Prime that if $50,000 was put into the market to sell it would be below par. They are decidedly of.the opinion that it would have a favorable effect on our stock, to take a canal boat from the Muskingum to New York. And I have told them we expect to commence navigating the canal from the Muskingum on the 4th of July. Governor Clinton says if we come down in a boat through their canal he .will order out the big guns and help us to make a noise. Everything is done in New York with a noise. I think we shall be able to get the;money in the course of the summer. I hope to be at home in about four weeks. Most sincerely yours, E. Buckingham. , . ^ , ,, .

M ,. • • ••'' • '

-.'AH r^™!B

Wm, '^H Hi'

• ^A ^^^^^^BB

MRS. THOMPSONWW.

Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 153

[E. Buckingham to Gov. Trimble.]

0 PUTNAM, OHIO, May 7) 1827. DEAR SIR: General McConnell, one of the Associate Judges of this County, has,.I "understand, resigned his office of Judge. A number of our friends bave agreed to recommend Joshua Downer as a person in our estimation well qualified tofill the office. I have no hesitation in saying that his appointment would be considered a judicious one. I am glad to inform you that our prospects for a canal loan are much better than when you last heard from me. A law has passed in New York authorizing the Savings Bank in that city, to invest capital in our stocks, and by a* letter received since I came home our stocks have improved about 2% (two per cent). We expect to make our next trip to New York in a canal boat from the Muskingum. Governor Clinton says be will order out the big guns, etc., along the line o^tbeir canal, and the people of New York say, "they will make a great blow-out for our reception. I hope you may find it convenient at least to come up and see us start.[S. WitW. hCulbertson great respec tot Gov.and Trimble.]esteem, ° Your friend and humble servant, ZANESVILLEE,. Ma Buckinghamy 12, 1827. DEAR SIR: Robert Camel, late Associate Judge of this County, having removed from the County, makes it necessary that you shouldfill the vacancy. I believe several persons will be recommended for the appoint­ ment by numerous subscriptions. A few persons have thought proper to recommend Edwin Putnam, of Putnam, without the form of a petition, which some of us deem unnecessary. If intelligence and rectitude of conduct, are necessary qualifications, Mr. Putnam surely has a good claim upon it. At the personal solicitation of Matthew Gillespie', I signed his petition, with an express understanding, that if Mr. Putnam would agree to be a candidate that he would with­ draw". Mr. Putnam has consented, and therefore my recommendation of Mr. G. ceases. In recommending Mr. Putnam to your consideration, I am, or can be actuated by no motive, except one, which every good citizen of the county ought to feel. He has more intelligence than any man who will be recommended. I think not less integrity. If he has any local or party feelings I am ignorant of them. Having thus discharged the duties of a citizen, I am, [Gen.very respectfullyP. B. Porter, to Gov. Trimble.]i, Your obedient servant, BLACK ROCKS. W,. MaCULBERTSONy 29, 1827. DEAR SIR: Your favor of the 4th, inst., was received some days ago, but I have delayed answering it until this time for the purpose of ascer­ taining more satisfactorily the present residence of Mr. Hoops. I have been long and intimately acquainted with the gentleman who, I have no doubt is the object of your inquiry, altho' he differs from, your description in the circumstance that he is a bachelor, and has not any children as you supposed him to have. Major Adam Hoops, with whom I am acquainted was a soldier of the Revolution, a Major in the Army of 1798 (sometimes called "Hamilton's Army "), and has resided for the last 20 or 25 years with the exception of two or three of the last year, in the western parts of New York. Before coming to this state he transacted business for Robert Morris in Phila­ delphia, where, as well as in Kentucky and at New Orleans, he has connections. Major Hoops is a gentleman distinguished for honor and integrity, and universally respected, but like many other clever fellows' is poor. About 154" Correspondence of Allen'Trimple.

twenty years ago he purchased on credit- a large trkct of new land in this state, at Olean on the Alleghany Riy,£r, and spent all his means in settling and improving it. About two or three years since,finding t;hat he^ould not pay for the land he made a compromise with-the Holland Company,., of whom he had purchased, and gave^up his land "and improvements in* extinguishment of the debt. Soon after th^s the Government in -considr:. er'ation of his age and former mentioned services, conferred on him the'; appointment of Military Store Keeper and stationed. him at the U. S;'S Arsenal at Gibbonsville on the Hudson (aboutfive'miles north of Albany and opposite to Troy), where I saw him about a year since. I have just learned that he was there a-few months since, and presume, he still continues there. Should he however, have left, you will be able. to learn his destination from Q. M. Service DegartVnent, and probably:- from most of the Officers of the Army. He has a widowed sister (Mrs. Barclay) residing near Russelville in Kentucky." I cannot but hope, for his sake that your enquiries concerning Major H. augurs something, favorable to his future finances. ° » '*' "The signs of the times" are in this State as I interpret them, altogether propitious to the administration, the combination of Mr,. Clinton and Van Buren to break it down to the contrary notwithstanding. The office seekers, and partisans of those two political chiefs are clamorous for Jackson and, profess to be confident of success and they carry with them a great proportion of what you calf the, "Huzza men." But tbe, great body of our sensible and considerate citizens are, I.am persuaded," decidedly with the Administration. The new men and new doctrities mostly, espoused by Clinton and Van Bureri i with a view'- to personal advancement, are in such obvious and deadly hostility to the interests of the Union and more especially to the interests of this State, that I enter­ tain no fears of their success. Should I make another visit to the South with Mrs. Porter, we will not fail to give you a call. In the meantime she joins me in assurances of our great respect and regard. P. B. PORTER. * i [Gov. Allen Trimble to Judge Bailhache, Chillicothe, 0.] HiLLSfeoRO, O., June 5, 1827. DEAR SIR: Your letter of the 1st, inst., is before me. I have examined its contents with, attention, and I must saY' that 1 regret not having received the information it contains, at an earlier day. Some days after the death of Mr. Nashee, I received a communication from the officers of state and others, recommending Mr. Olmstead as a Eroper person to be appointed state printer, knowing that Mr. Nashee ad taken Mr. Olmstead into partnership (though of the terms I was. wholly uninformed), and supposing it would be made satisfactory to the'family of the deceased Mr. Nashee, as well as promotion of their interest, for Mr. O. to be continued, I addressed a letter to Mr. Olmstead informing him that he might expect the appointment. On the following day I received a letter from one of the first citizens of Columbus, informing me that Mrs. Nashee has been, anxious to haye some other person than Mr. 0. appointed, that she might reap the benefit (in part at" least)-, of her husband's contract, and desired me not to be in haste to fill the vacancy; but his letter was too late, for mine to Mr. 0. had left the postoffice. If Mr. O. attempts to take advantage of the events that have hap­ pened, to benefit himself, at the expense of the destitute family, of his late partner, he will have forfeited all claim to the countenance of the legislature, and will surely fail to claim the permanent appointment. If I had received (in time), the slightest intimation that such was his intention, he would not have been appointed, for one great object I had in view was (next to the faithful performance of the public printing), that he might serve Mr. Nashee's family. I did not tdiink of your leaving your present situation or it would have readily occurred to me that from your former connection with Mr. N., you •ft .'. • '. * I (forrespcndence of Allen Trimble. 155 would have been the most suitable person, to take" his place and'fjrbtect his helpless family. . , •'-!"-' ' ••%~:: '.,?• I hope all Will ttirn out.(or as it was designed),jfor the best,:^ojBld it pot, I must/regret, what was perhaps, aStqb hasty? appointment;*^ .;• I am, with much-respect,, your most'6bedient-'.iervant, .- ' Vr'' I, -', •-. • fe: '"•*• . ALUEN TRIMBLE, PI ... •_ • JX .. • -•"•;- '.'''-'...' '•:•', • . .;••••• '•', '<••£'' .-?''' ^Alfred Kelley ip Gov.. Trimble.;j;f. •-^-j •'*- ' v -.- 'COSHOCTON, June:;ll,.1827. DEAR SIR: We expect the canal will be in readiness for a bo&t to start from. Akron, Portage Summit, on the,third day of July, ini tbe morning, in season to reach Cleveland in time to dine at that $(ae,e oh the '4th. The water was in part of the Canal to a sufficient depth foif boating when' I. left thagt, part of jhe line,' and I expect tb> commence letting it-into the femainuig levels immediately rem my: returri-r,to the North, i start from' this place .today. I hope you andfour okl friend. Gov; Morrow, will Honor us,:with your presence.,/; ^ilLyow'be so good as to,give him notice?-- I dp not recollect at what plated to .address a letter to him. Very truly yoursi ... "ALFRED KELLY. 7; ''"• [Jos. McDowell Mdtheii/s to Gov. Tiimble.] i--^: •:••• - jEssAKiiJE COUNT*, Jun6 13, 1827, .;' DEAR ..T^CLE: As I came home, I spent a day at "ASgustdf-and visited the College^,. The number of students are mrieadyjvery. considerable-and increasing rapidly:1 The accession.hasbeeriso great*tbat thes professors think it necessary to employ 'another teaehe*,"whoywitj teaeb'the Latin Grammar and as far as Virgil begins,*and GreeTc Gramrnar and .Testament begun. The salary will probably be .$250 or $300, and they wfeb to have suc%k teacher appointed at;the, next meeting.of the Board 0} Managers. Larfeins and Tomlins'oti solfcit "me to become a candidate for. the place. Larkins is how Professor of Languagqs'and will have charge of the more advanced classes. His s'alarV-is now, $400 bu)> will be raised to $50D.ttr possibly $600 and he says that he does riot expect to remain long at the College and if I will take the place that is now^vacant \yhen he quits, I will.get his place. The Board of Managers will meetf. the 16th; of July, and£they are extremely anxious that I should let-therr£.fcnowat Jeast by that time, whether I would accept of the appointment. •_• How to act in the present case I know not. My inclination is decidedly in favour* of Hillsboro,; where at the same tirri,e I couldi teach a little school/I would enjoy the society of my friends. But I ha*e my fears that an Academy at that place would'not succeed, and at any rate the number of students woljld be veryfluctuating. V,: " '5, " We,would be dependent oh the tuition fees fop. a salary, and they would have to be;extremely low to;t>e oii an equality with other academies' that have other resources. • At ,;Augusta the prifte will befiied, By the trustees and received Without trouble. The advantages for improvement are very great and the probability and the promotion." . '- My friends advise me to go to Augusta; But if I could'have any assurance that the School at Hillsboro would flourish and be permanent I would go there. But if you think that this would "be doubtful pechaps I would be making too great a sae'rificeito. run the risk/ Hpwei%r, I wish you to ascertain witb more certainty'wlhat can be done and let me know immediately. ; ; '&#... •<•'-. Tell me whether I had not better make this attempt a,t Augusta at'any rate (and if I fail, which is a possible case) then it will be time enough tt). go to Hillsboro. ,' . I should like to know early in July as the trustees meet on the 16th. The friends in Kentucky are all well. My love to Aunt and the family and all my friends. I remain, yours affectionately^ '•'• -h Jo. MCDOWELL MATHEWS.. -.. 156 / Correspondence of-Allen Trimble.

[Honorary Membership.] UNION LITERARY SOCIETY,: MIAMI UNIVERSITY, 1827. His-Excellency, Allen Trimble, elected sln-Hpnorary Member, June 30,1827. ..-';' Reads:; Permit me to urfoxm you through the medium of this com- •'rnunicatibn of your election as an honorary member of the Union Literary Socie'ty.of the Miami .University. Your high standing in society and your.Vell established reputation as an individual have pointed you out frofifi among the many brilliant ornaments of-oiir country as one who will do'-bonor to .our Association. With the objects of the Society we trust you are Well acquainted; they are such "as we liope will meet with your approbation. Tbe Society, is as yet in its infancy, but we feel a confidence- in saying it is established oh a sure basis. Yours respectfully, By-drder of the Society, '?•;*=• „ JAMES H. BACON, Pres. JbftN MCMEEHAN, Sec. [Woolsey Millet io Gov. Trimble.'. AKRON, O., July 2, 1827. Etiquette will probably demand that you should be apprised of the subject of the address which will-be delivered to your Excellency, on your arrival in our village. The following is a copy. With much respect I have the honor to be, Sir, your fellow citizen. WOOLSEY MILLER. T^SIR: In behalf of rhy fellow citizens,. I have the honor of tendering to you, a cordial welcome to our villag'e. The event to which we are indebted for the distinguished favour of your visit is one of no ordinary magnitude; no lesstfian the completion of 38 miles of some of the most difficult parts of the/jOhio Canal. The grand enterprise of constructing a great arti­ ficial river, which .should join the northern lakes with the waters of the south,'required the energies of the states; and successive Assemblies of her legislators ha¥e authorized and encouraged the undertaking with a \ spirit of unanimity and patriotism on which the present and future generations of our state which they enjoy, the comforts, convenience, pleasure, and wealth which to them, it will administer, may reflect with feelings of proud exultation. It is highly gratifying to us, Sir, to know that Your Excellency has ever been1 one of the warmest andfirmest supporter s of this noble design. The fame of. originating or completing the Ohio Canal will not be given to any single individual. It justly belongs to the State of Ohio; though Iman y of her distinguished citizens, as Governors, Legislators, Commis­ sioners, Engineers, Contractors, Labourers, may firmly claim and will doubtless .receive in different degrees a portion of the honour which their wisdom,fidelity, skill , and industry truly deserve. Whether the Ohio Canal is considered with reference to a' belligerent or acific condition of society, its advantages are so prominent, as almost to avej.become proverbial;,under the latter view you perceive, Sir, in this part of the state we are already beginning to enjoy them. The very spot on which your Excellency now stands, less than two years ago, was a thick forest. Now, Sir, you may here behold, com­ fortable, nay elegant, dwellings, large stores, warehouses,filled wit h merchandise, of foreign climates or the production of. .our own; con­ venient mechanical shops, the offices of Law and Physic, a commodious » building occupied by the teachers and learners of rtidimental science; and occasionally by the teachers of religion; and to complete and animate the picture, a busy population, industriously pursuing all the various voca­ tions of civilized life; and this interesting scene owes its very existence to the almost magic influence of yonder great work of international improvement. In the remembrance of some standing in Your Excellency's presence, naught was heard arnong thesehills and vales but the howlings of fero­ cious beasts, the hissings "of dea'dly reptiles, or the heart-chilling yells of Indian savages. Full well can they also remember when no communica- Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 157

tion betweenthe navigable waters of the North and South existed but a narrow trail lying a few rods west'Of us, so much worn by the footsteps of men, and beasts, bearing burdens across thisi narrow Summit, whicb divides the northern and southern waters, that its traces are still plainly visible. Now, sir, how striking a contrast is presented to our view, mind has triumphed over matter; and the barriers which nature" had interposed in the way of a free communication, between the North and tbe South, have been prostrated by the skill and power of art; and we at this time behold a broad,-deep, navigable channel,filled with water from the natural reservoirs and prolific fountains that abound among these hills,v npw climbing over almost insurmountable acclivities, now passing fearful cbasms; then gracefully curving around stupendous mountains; or persuing a direct course through emerald plains, until it reaches the great waters forming the northern-boundary of our state. , Within a few days past, we had the pleasure of witnessing the launch of thefirst boa t upon the.canal. She bears the name of the "State of Ohio," was built and is owned by the citizens of the state, and her mbdel and construction unite elegant simplicity and usefulness—truly Repub­ lican characteristics—in a degree that reflects much honor on the judg­ ment and taste of her builders and owners. She nowfloats o n the bosom of our spacious basin; in readiness pn the morrow to receive Your Excel­ lency and other individuals, high in the affections and confidence of your fellow citizens; and bear you triumphantlytf'er the various levels, locks, and aqueducts of the Canal to the Northern Emporium of the state, wben preparations are making to celebrate this grand achievement',- in connection with our national festival in„ a manner worthy the great events they are intended to commemorate. May no untoward accident interrupt a safe seasonable and pleasant passage of yourself1 and com­ panions, to your place of destination, or mar your enjoyment on the day of our nation's birth. Anil while thousands hail its glad return (ever fraught With associations of national glory), yours, and theirs be the pleasure of reflecting that in the promotion of these works of internal improvement. your conduct is sanctioned by the counsel of the great Father of your Country in his farewell address, and you will have the increased happiness of knowing that these measures meet the approbation of your fellow citizens[Allen, and arTrimblee identifie to H.d witSafford.]h the bes t interest and honour of the State. (Signed),HILLSBOROUGH , O., July 17,W .1827 W. DEAR SIR: On my return to this jjlace the 15th, after an absence of several weeks I receive your letter of the 29th tilt. I had previously appointed Mr. Putnam an Associate Judge and I have done so under the persuasion that he was not a partisan. 1 regret that so much unpleasant­ ness exists in your county a'nd I assure you I would not willingly furnish .materials to excite or keep alive a warfare such as seems now to be raging in Muskingum. If I had possessed a more perfect knowledge of your •capable, men I would very probably have done as on a former occasion. With much respect, ALLEN TRIMBLE. ') [Gen. Porter to Gov. Trimble.] BLACK ROCK, July 23, 1827. DEAR SIR: On the receipt of your last letter, I wrote to Major Hoops (who holds the situation of Military Store Keeper at the.U.. S. Arsenal in Water Fleet near Troy), advising him of the receipt of your letter, and imparting to him the information it contained in respect to his lands. He was, it seems, .absent at that time on a journey to Washington, from whence he did not return until the 19th, inst,, since which he has written to me two letters, expressing in strong terms, his sense of gratitude to you 158 Correspondence of A lien. Trimble. for having caused the communication to be made, and thanking me for my agency in forwarding it, and informing me also that he had written to you on the subject; asking the favor of you to point out some person to whom he might commit the agency of the property. He well remembers being the owner of the 1,000 acre tract mentioned in your letter, but has no recollection of having owned any other land; altho' be thinks it not improbable that he may in the course of his transac­ tion which were extensive, have purchased other warrants at the same time (more than 40 years ago), and have forgotten the circumstance, as this kmd of property was then of very little value. As to the 1,000-acre tract, he says that, not having been in a situation to meet the taxes when they became due, he had Supposed it to have been long since, immediately sold, for their payment and had abandoned all expectation of ever realiz­ ing anything from it. But your letter has cheered him with the hope that something may yet be obtained; and though even a small sum, situated as he now is, would be of incalculable service to him. His situation and views in respect to this property, as frankly disclosed to me in his letters, are these: He is advanced in age, feeble in health, and destitute of the means to pay the arrearage of taxes. His wish, therefore, would be to sell the 1,000 acres, if practicable, in such a way as to pay the taxes out Of the proceeds of the sale, and to receive the balance himself whenever it may become due, after deducting agency and commissions. It is evident from his letters to me that he considers his chance of realiz­ ing anything from this property as dependent entirely on a continuation of your friendly advice and assistance. But his great sense of delicacy, and a fear of giving you trouble, have, I presume, prevented him from communicatinghis feelings and wishes to you, as freely as he has done to 'me. He would not think of asking you to take the trouble of the agency yourself, but if you would do so much as to engage some proper person in your neighborhood to undertake his business and receive his compen­ sation out of the proceeds of the sales, you would render a most acceptable service to a very deserving man._ If such an agent should be found it would be desirable (and such is Mjr. Hoops' wish) that he should, without waiting to hear from the Mjr., immediately prepare a power of attorney to sell and convey the lands, with such other process as may be necessary, and send them by mail to Major Hoops, with instructions as to the man­ ner in which they are to be authenticated, and he will immediately execute and return them. I would much wish, because I know it would be a cause of much grat­ ification to Major Hoops, that your business would permit you to under­ take the sale of his lands yourself. This, however, I can hardly expect. Our political aspects are at present very fair, and constantly improving. There can be no doubt but that the administration will have a decided majority in this State. I remain, dear sir, with great respect and regard, your obedient servant, PETER B, PORTER. . Mrs. Porter desires to be kindly remembered to you, and that I will inform you that she has a son, (an uncommonlyfine one of course), about ten days old. P. B. P. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 159

Ross COUNTY, July 3, 1827. To His Excellency, the Governor of Ohio: The death of General Worthington has left a vacancy in the Board of Canal Commissioners which it becomes the duty of Your Excellency to fill under an Act of the Legislature of Ohio, passed on the 14th of Feb­ ruary, 1805, entitled "An Act authorizing the Governor tofill vacancie s in certain cases." (See Revised Code, page 47). We, the undersigned, do therefore recommend to Your Excellency as a suitable person to fill that responsible appointment, George Renick, Esq., of Ross County. Duncan McArthur, Edward Tiffin, Wm. Carson, Tallman V. Potts, Amases Delano,. tames Inglish, Jas. McClintick, . W. T. James, Cadwallerder Wallace, Wm, Ress, Wm. Key Bond, Wm. Creighton, Jr. David Grouse, Ezekiel Brown, W. H. Douglas, William Miller, J. Woodbridge, Robert Dun, Henry Buchanan, F. Buraisger, Samuel Williams, George Johnston, R. Kercheval, George Bood, Wm. W. .Farland, John Wood, O. T. Reeves, Adams Stewarts, John A. Pulton, George Scott, A. Bowine, Daniel Alt, lohn Madeira, Richard Long, Barr '& Campbell, F. Canads, Wm. Creighton, Sr John Dans, William Fullerton, J. Gimble, James Rowe, Bly Lemard, John Stuart, John McClean, Ed P. Pratt, David Wills, Jan Montgomery, Henry S. Lewis, Sam'l T. Tiffinwell, James Miller, J. S, Card, P. N,. White, Anthony Walke, Samuel Hardy, G. W. Davis, Adam James, Jno. Barthard. A letter Iron! David Collins expresses much solicitude for Mr. Renick's appointment which letter is dated July 22, 1827. The names of one hundred and seventy-one citizens of Scioto County are attached to a petition dated from Portsmouth, Aug. 15, 1827, ad­ dressed to Governor Trimble to appoint Colonel. Alexander Bowine of Chillicotbe, Canal Commissioner tofill th e vacancy occasioned by the death of tbe late Governor Worthington. A letter from Circleville, July 20, 1827, from Andrew Hustis says: "I signed a petition to Your Excellency a few days ago praying the appoint­ ment of Thomas Ewing, Esq., of Lancaster, as Canal Commissioner in place of the late Thomas Worthington. He thinks the appointment sbould go to Ross County; David Crouse should be the man. There came a reiterated recommendation from Chillicothe dated Aug. 5, 1827. for Mr. George Renick for the appointment of CarJal Commissioner signed by R. Kercheval, Jas. M. McClintick, Wm. Carson, Wm. M. Farland, John Wood, John Baillinber, J. Wood, John McCoy, W. Creighton, Jr., addressed to His Excellency, the Governor of Ohio. 'A. Bowine to Gov. Trimble.] CHILLICOTHE, Aug. 31, 1827. DEAR SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of an appoint­ ment to be Canal Commissioner to fill the vacancy occasioned by tbe death of the late Governor WOTthjngton, and have concluded to accept it I am very respectfully, • ' A. BQWINB. 160 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Alfred Kelley to Gov. Trimble.] KENDAL, August IS, 1827. DEAR SIR: I have obtained proposals or offers from several individuals who own land near the termination of the Canal at Cleveland, for the sale to the State, of lots to accommodate the water power which will be then created. I give you a rough sketch of the localities near the termination of the'canal showing the various lots which are offered.

The lot marked A contains one acre including what is occupied by the Canal and Basin, and can be purchased of Samuel and Mathew William­ sons, for $1,000. Lot B is ten or any. less number pf rpds on the basin and running from them of equal breadth to the river (say 150 ft. distant) for $100 per rod, front on the basin, ami is offered by Doct. David Long. Lot C not exceeding 0 -rods breadth is offered bv L JCelley at the same rate, $100 per rod. Lot D is offered by N. H, Merwin for $800 or $1,000. (I do not recollect which) and is 80 ft. on the basin or canal and running back to the street, say 100 to 120 ft. I consider the first as being decidedly the best offer. I have no doubt we shall be able at any time to sell it at a very considerable advance for commercial purposes alone. It is near where we landed on the 4th of July. It is made necessary by the law that the purchase should have your sanction. Should you concur with me in opinion I will thank you to forward to me a certificate of your approbation that I may complete the purcbase. I hold a bond for the convenyance provided I have your sanction within six months. The work on the Canal is progressing rather slowly just now The labourers have been engaged in harvesting and some apprehension of sickness prevents their return in abundance. The sickness, however, is not very general and is not so alarming as it has been in former seasons. Please direct to me at Cleveland or at this place. I am, sir, virith great regard, your friend, ALFRED KELLEY. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 161

[Chas. B. Goddard to Gov. Trimble.] ZANESVILLE, September 10 1827. DEAR SIR: Your Excellency may remember that'when I last had the honor of seeing you, I mentioned an account for powder which Mr, Baker of Newark, had against myself and others; and which we thought ought with propriety to Be paid for by the State. I now take the liberty of forwarding tne amount and submit it to your Excellency's judgment. If the other incidental expenses attending the celebration of the com­ mencement of the Ohio Canal, were paid by the public, I suppose this to be upon the same footing and would respectfully request that measures be taken to pay it that way. But.should your Excellency feel any embarrassment in giving the necessary order for that purpose, or deem this application in any degree improper, we will cheerfully pay tbe amount out of our own pocket; though our private expenses on tbat occasion were not inconsiderable. I have the honor to be, with great respect, Your Excellency's most obedient servant, CHARLES B. GODDARD. . MESSRS. C. B. GODDARD, ET. AL. ' —BOUGHT OF— GEORGE BAKER & Co. uly 3, 1825—4 Kegs Rifle Powder, at $8.00 $32.00 July 3, 1825—2 outs thread, at $0.06J4 12J^ July 3, 1825—1 quire wrapping paper 18% July 4, 1825—1 quire wrapping paper 18j| Total... $32 50 THE STATE OF OHIO, LICKING COUNTY. fa Personally appeared before me, the subscriber, a Justice of the Peace in and for said County, George Baker, who, being duly sworn according to law, deposeth and saith that on the afternoon of the 3d of July, 1825, Charles B Goddard, of Zanesville, in company with General Adam Johnston and John Frew of Coshocton, Charles C. Gilbert, of Zanesville, Edward King, of Chillicothe, and Henry Bacon of Dayton, called upon deponent at bis store in Newark and "applied to him to furnish some Edwder for the celebration of the commencement of the Ohio Canal at the icking Summit on the next day, after some consultation amongst. themselves 4 kegs of powder, paper and thread to make cartridges, were ordered by them and furnished by deponent as above charged. The only one of the persons above named with whom deponent was personally acquainted, was John Frew. He had seen Col. Goddard before, and his impression is that he was the person who spoke to him for the articles; at all events deponent always considered him and Capt. Frew bound to see him paid, and with that understanding he furnished the articles, the other persons above named were equally active in making arrangements for the celebration, and deponent considered them all legally bound to^ pay hirh for the articles furrlished by him as the most of the persons above named wer[Thee Cincinnatistrangers to Notarydeponent Public, he ca Appointment.]n now state thei r names only from the information of othersMEMORIA. L OfDeponen the undersignedt states ,tha tot Hi thse Excellency articles abov, Allee chargedn Trimble, amountin, Governogr toof ththe e sum of $32.50, were furnishedStat bye himof Ohio, no. part of which sum has been .paidYou. rAn memorialistsd further thi, smerchant deponenst ansaitdh citizen not. s of CincinnatiGEO., beBAKEAg leav. e respectfullSworn toy antod represent subscribe, dtha befort owine meg, tthio ths e25t greah dat yan odf Julyrapidl, yA .increasin D. 1827g . commercia. l interests of Cincinnati, occasionaJOHl additionaN CUNNINGHAMl public, facilitie }. P. s 162 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

are required for the transaction of business, and that among such facilities ' the public convenience, as well as therising importanc e and dignity of this city in the opinion of your memorialists, requires, at this time, the appointment of an additional public notary, wnose office shall not be located at a distance from the theatre of commercial business, as is necessarily the case with the office of the present notary. Hitherto, from the distant location of the present notary office, or other causes the notarial business of this city has been confined almost exclusively t6 that of simply protesting bills of exchange and notes and has never been extended into those legitimate and equally important departments of notarial duty which fall within the purview of such offices in other places. Your memorialists are persuaded that for the want of another active and vigilant officer of this kind the commercial interests of this city such, especially as relate to the river trade, at this moment, obviously labor under much embarrassment; your memorialists, therefore respectfully request that Your Excellency will appoint anothe,r J publi. M.c Groesbeck notary in, this city. M. Disney & Son, Cincinnati, Sept. 19, 1827. iohn Davis, M. Spencer, 'hurston Crane, Geo. W. Jones, Jpbn A. Harris, Wm. M. Walker, C. &G.Schult, S. Wright, Gorman, N. G. Guilford, H. Barr & Co., P. V. H. DeWitt, ayly Muzz, S. B. and O. B. Solachy, James Chamberlain, T. & R. Sterrett, Henry Miller, Jr., May J. Bopson, C. Wayne, Avery Sharpless, John B. Enness, iohn D. Wues, [arcus Smith, lartin Frollter & Co., Rukener Hurd, Graham Close, Christopher Smith, Carlisle &. Mason, Wm. Hartzhorh, Thomas G. Lea, Henry Starr, Jas. Butler, - E. Hall, Amos Worthington, P. Gorham, W. Woodnutt & Co., Sam. W. Phelps, Arthur Hemie, Vaultusdal & Gray, Jac. W. Piatt, James Tatland, [. Gill, , W. S. Hatch, J. Strader, Nat. Wright, Henry Q. Kight, Wm. Lyttle, M. Plassilly, Norman Bird, J. & C. Morsell, Martin Baum, Calvin Washburn, VJosia. Worthingtonh Wing, , Thos. Clark, T. Reynolds, Samuel Lowny, John Gibson, PJos. Benson. Rippey,, - ino. Duval, N. Longworth, ).S. W.. Griffin, Samuel Perry, JSamue. Fellaianl Borden, , Chas. Foster, Wm, Turm. T. & C. Neave, Leonard Sayle, Hugh Sanders, Thomas M. Caman, Bernd. Murray, W. Turm, •Oliver Dbvill, •James Mclntire Wright Smith, • Members of City Council. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 163

[The Cincinnati Notary Public] CINCINNATI, 0., October 12, 1827. To Hon. Allen Trimble: DEAR "SIR: At the request of Griffin Yeatman, Esq., I have this day examined the Record of Protests made by him as Notary for the year 1826, and find that the whole number of protests were 77; of these I think, four, against marine silks, or what may be more technically termed commercial protests. From the 1st day of January last, till the 10th, inst., tbe whole number of protests were 93. This statement shows that;' although there may be from four to six Notaries in places of less com­ mercial importance than Cincinnati, yet one can do all the business here, if it amounted to five times as much as it is now. By dividing the office" (tbe business of which is now so limited that it is scarcely worth having), tbe public interest and convenience will not be promoted. All business here is done thro' the Bank of the United States, and the" officers of that institution are perfectly satisfied with the present Notary. 1 would at all events suggest to you, with great respect, to postpone any appointment until further representations can be made.' The appoint­ ment of an additional Notary, would injure Mr. Yeatman, who is one of our oldest and most worthy citizens; without being of any advantage to the public. I am satisfied there can be no necessity for two Notarial seals in our city. I am with great respect, Your most obedient servant, NAT'L G. PENDLETON. P. S.—Our election has just terminated in the choice of the whole ackson ticket. I was a candidate until Friday before the election, when [Lettersdeclined toas MajoGov.r Trimble Oliver (afromn administratio Committee nto man) Examine, was alsNotarialo a candidate Records.}, anAd tbot theh requesrunningt o,f ther Mr.e Yeatman were no, hopewe havs ofe electinexamineg deither his Notaria. N.l Grecord. P. , and find that .he has protestecTsince the 1st day of January, 1827, ninety- nine notes and drafts, which, with an occasional attestation to foreign letters of attorney, compare the whole business of his office. We further state that We are satisfied, that One Notary Public is amply competent to transact all the business pertaining to his office in this city. October 16, 1827. C. HAMMOND. B. STOKER. I would further state, that the greater part of the notes protested, and made payable at, or are deposited for collection in, the offices of the department, or in U. S. Bank, in this city, and from my knowledge of the concerns of that office, I am satisfied no complaint can be made against the competency, or punctuality of the present incumbent, in the transac­ tion of his duties or as Notary. - October 16, 1827. ' B, STORER, I have thought it proper to state for the information of his Excellency, the Governor, that the idea of an additional Notary in this city, originates, as far as I can learn, in an opinion that the business of the Notary may be much extended in authenticating a variety of instruments. Registry of vessels are mentioned amongst them: Protests upon policies of insur­ ance; authentication of depositions, etc. Much of this is done in other cities, but it is without any legal offset, such as protesting, promissory. notes, for non-payment. Whilst it makes fees, for Notaries, it is an imprudent Tax, upon the uninformed, which ought not to be encouraged. I am satisfied that many do urge" a new assessment, hence are united in respect to its legal utility. C.HAMMOND. 164 Correspondence of Allen Trimble. V The following citizens remonstrated against.the appointment of Mr. Ephraim Robbins and desire the continuation of Mr. Griffin Yeatman in ©nice as Notary Public "who has been skillful, prompt and fully com­ petent." Joseph Benharh, W. H, Harrison, Patrick Smith, Enos Wood­ ruff, Geo. P: Tunnen, Ben de Piatt, DanT Gano, John O. Avery, Peter McKnoll, Henry Muker, Daniel Van Metre, Sam Finolay, Lewis Howell, Charles Fox, Thomas Moorehead, Samuel Lewis, E. L, Haches, Bellamy Storer, Sam H. Miller, Daniel I. Calurh, John G. Worthington, Madeira, Robt. T. Lytle, Stephen MacFarland, Benj. F. Powers, N. O. Pendleton, Samuel W. Lewis, C; Hammond. A letter from-Doctor Benjamin Drake recommends "his friend", Mr. Ephraim Robins, Aug. 4, 1827; Mr. Seitz, Jno, P. Foote S. Woodman, iferemiah Butler, A. Delano, also are in' favor of Mr. Robins, and two etters from Mr. Robins himself to Governor Trimble are preserved among these records as [S.well Falesas the to memorial Gov. Trimble.]. DAYTON, November 16, 1827. DEAR SIR: I duly received your letter for which I thank you. I feeL much obliged to you fat this in addition to many other expressions of your kindness to me. To be treated with friendly regards by those who are distinguished for their virtues and intelligence, I have always thought is one pf the most pleasing circumstances in life. With respect to the particular causes Of my defeat at the last election,, I cannot speak with certainty. I could never electioneer for myself, report, says that,my opponent is unequalled in that business. I was hurt, I expect, more by the formation of a Jackson ticket, than by any­ thing else. The Jackson party, placed Mr. Holt on their ticket. He, however, supports the administration. But the leaders of the Jackson party said that I was on the black list, meaning that my name/was amongst those that were published in the Jackson papers this last/Sum­ mer, as those who were selected at Washington as friendly to the re-elec­ tion of Adams. - The Jackson party thought if they could not elect a thorough going Jackson man to the Senate, that in affecting the election of Mr. Holt, they chose the least of two evils. At the last fall election for Congress the Jackson party in our County supported Mr. Holt in opposition to Mr. : [cClean, from a belief that he would vote for Mr. Jackson if a majority of the people were for him. As against me. Mr. Holt had the support of the Jackson party with the exception of a few solitary votes. Mr. Holt rendered himself very popular among the Dutch in our County by the great noise, he made whilst in the legislature, about reducing the wages of the members. I fear I have detained you too long on a subject so unimportant. As it regards your communication to the legislature, I am very certain, that whatever is pertinent and appropriate will not escape your reflections. The subjects that appear to me the most important to the welfare and prosperity of the State were remarked upon very happily in your inaugural address. I aliude more particularly to common schools, colleges, and internal improvements. Such is the importance o'f these subjects, I am sure that you will have anticipated me, that they again merit the attention of the legislature. In some of the states the subject of establishing schools for qualifying teachers of the common schools has been thought worthy of the attention of the legislature. In this* State, I am inclined to think that it would be better to wait until the system of common schools is brought to greater perfection and more firmly established, before the high schools for preparing teachers are introduced. It will be doing as much as can be expected, for a while at least, to introduce improvements, such as experience may suggest in the regula- Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 165 tions of common schools. If the legislature would give some pecuniary aid to our colleges, it would be timely. It would have been the best policy for the legislature to have con­ tracted its- patronage upon one college. But an enlarged and generous view must yield to sectional prejudices. If we cannot unite in building one, great and towering university, we should at least endeavor to have two or three respectable institutions. From the circumstances of being a trustee of the Miami University, I know that it is becoming useful to the State, and from information, I believe that the college at Athens is an highly respectable institution. I entertain no doubt but that some legislative grants to these institutions . will redound to the best interests of the State. Of all these subjects, I can say with pleasure, that you have been one of the earliest and most efficient friends. I am sure the time will come when the first and constant supporters on internal improvements and free schools in the state will be considered as its greatest benefactors. I should like to see Adams re-elected President and Clay his successor.- If Jackson succeeds, Clay is prostrate. Whether a passing remark with respect to the measures of the administration would be timely, whether it would not offend the Jacksonians too much, I know not. I can only speak for one on that subject. I should not wish however, that you should notice that topic if it might in the least degree injure that deserved popularity which you enjoy. I am inclined to think that the Jacksonians will get up a candidate in opposition to you at the next election, but T feel sure of your triumph[Daniel. IDraken a retrospec to Gov. tTrinUiIe.] of my connectio n; with the legislature I recur with grateful feelingCINCINNATIs to the advic, Novembee and rinstructio 20, 1827.n I receiveMY DEAd froR mSIR you: . InI answerin remain, gwit youh rgreates favor to festee the 29tm anh dult. respect, I shal, -l invert the order of its subjectYour friens andd replandy firstservant, to, thos e which you havS.e presenteFJ»LES. d last. I would say, then, in reference to the Presidential question, that you owe it t'o yourself, to the character of Ohio, arid to the great interests for which the present administration is contending, to let your sentiments be known. Such is the fashion of the times. You conformed to it last year; and if you should not this, it would be construed into a proof that your opinions on national politics have changed; which I presume is not the case. . „ If Ohio can be kept from stumbling, at the present time, her character and influence in the West, I should rather say in the Union, will soon rise to an enviable distinction. Should Mr. Adams not be re-elected, but Ohio continue right, I should feel almost as much gratified, as for him to succeed, with her vote against him. What and how much you ought to say, may be safely confided to your own excellent judgment; but that you ought to say something should, I have no doubt, be the opinion of every judicious friend whom you might consult. I am greatlyflattered by the request, that I should furnish you with a paragraph on the progressive improvement of our State, indissolubly wedded, as I am, to her destiny I, should regret that incessant occupation and incompetent abilities have prevented a compliance with your wishes, did I not know, that by being left to your own genius, it will be executed in such a manner as cannot fail still better to promote what I have'sp much at heart. That I may not blend things which have no particular relation to each other, I shall answer the other questions contained in your letter, on a separate sheet, which you may expect by the next mail. I have the honor to be most respectfully, your friend and servant, DAN DRAKE. 166 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

CINCINNATI, November 21, 1827. MY DEAR SIR: In reference to the Medical College of Ohio, for which you have at all times manifested so much interest, I scarcely know what to say, altho' I have deferred my reply until the class for the present session should be made up. The number pf. pupils I am informed, is about 85, which is within one or two of the amount of the Class last •winter. This, it must be admitted, is but a small number for the 8th session of the school, and a majority of-these I understand belong to Ohio, of whom 21 are, or may be, beneficiaries, sent by the different medical districts. The Kentucky school, in its 8th session had 282, or about 200 hundred more than ours; altho' it had not the aid of a hospital, a large city, abun­ dance of subjects for dissection, nor water communications, and was not in operation at the time the Medical College of Ohiq was chartered. With so great a preponderance of natural and statistical advantages in favor of Ohio, we can only explain the enviable advantages of Kentucky, by referring to the character and relative rank of the Professors, in the two institutions. For if public opinion (as is the fact) be in favor of Cincin­ nati, what reason cari^ be assigned for the inferior number of its school, but inferiority in its teachers? Thefirst sessio n of the school at Lexing­ ton, was commenced in Nov., 1817, and had 20 pupils. Next year it was suspended and Cincinnati'had lectures for thefirst time to 12 students. In the following Autumn, 1819, the Lexington enterprise was' revived with 36 pupils, and the Cincinnati project in turn suspended. In the succeeding Autumn, 1820, it was resuscitated, and has been in operation ever since with the liberal assistance of the state and the incredible growth of the city, without having yet reached 90 pupils. Further, it is an acknowledged fact that more than half the pupils, indeed two thirds, that it has ever had were of our own State and it is equally true, that almost without an exception every young man who comes here is poor and has been led to prefer Cincinnati from the cheap­ ness of living and the low price at which the Professors work. The fees of tuition here are $66, in Lexington $100, in Phil., $120. It is a fact that a student can attend a course of lectures in this city at an expense in the aggregate, ten dollars less than the fees of tuition only in Lexington. It is this cheapness which has kept alive the institution and I hazard nothing in saying that if the cost of a winter's residence and the lectures, had been equal at the two winter's schools that of Ohio would have ceased its operations long ago. Now with the cheapness of living and other advantages of Cincinnati, its schools with a body of able professors would soon swallow up all others that may exist, or be started into existence in the West, and as it is under the patronage (the bountiful patronage) pf the State, it is but right that the State should inquire into the competency of professors and the -management of its concerns. . But how can this be done? I would say that the legislature can only do it by appointing an intelligent, patriotic and independent Board of Trustees or Regents, resident in different parts of the State, (especially the western half), who should come up to their duty without fear, favor, partiality, prepossession or previous understanding," and administer the affairs of the College in a manner worthy of the State which is labouring to establish it. To effect this they need' not assemble more than once or twice a year, for after appointing suitable professors and enacting the necessary by-laws everything else might be left with the Faculty, as medical students are not to be governed like academical. My Dear Sir I You have done me the honor to request my views and I have given them to you without reserve—indeed, with all possible,frank­ ness. But I wish nothing recommended or undertaken with any reference to my benefit. I did not resign at Lexington for the purpose of teaching in associateICincinnati have spoked ,wit bunth a osyof acultivatinu citizeand othen ofg rOhiom distinguishey profession; as one whd, theoreticallstatesmeo was happn iyny an 181tod find9practically and himsel 1820,.f Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 167

when the College and hospital were legislated into being; I have spoken as one, who like yourself feels an affection for those institutions, and as ambitious of the glory of the State; but I have hot spoken as a candidate for office. „ I was lately offered a place in it, but refused; as I shall continue to do, unless it should acquire an organization which I do not expect. Mean­ while I feel myself at liberty when called upon by you, to protest against abuse's, while I equally protest against their being corrected for my advantage. I have the honor to be, respectfully, your friend, [Eye and Ear Infirmary.] DAN DRAKE. CINCINNATI, November 24, 1827. MY DEAR SIR: I have lately written you two letters, in obedience to your commands. I am now about to trouble you with a third "of my own accord." During my journ'ey through the Eastern Cities, in the North, of April and May last, I collected what information I could relative to'several institutions, and among the rest an infirmary for diseases of the eye which seemed to be imperiously demanded in the West. At the same time I resolved, when I should return to Cincinnati, to make an immediate , effort to establish one. That effort has been successful. One hundred respectable citizens have become annual contributors, at one dollar each. The moneys that may be collected are to be appropriated exclusivelInfirmary ywa tso opene the suppord on tht ean 1std oaccommodatiof July. The followinn of thge ar poore th.e namesI have: procureMartid mann Baumy rar, e and expensivF.„Carre, British, FrencJacoh anbd BurnetItalian, work s on diseaseJoss. oSf. thBenhame eye, ,an d the.S .variou G. Burnets instrument, s thaGeot. arBe. necessary Torrence., The Ed. D. Mansfield, Enos Woodruff, Sam W. Davies, E. Morgan, C. C. Febiger, Wm. Corry, T. D. Jones, D. J. Casarell, Rev. Joshua L. Wilson, N. Longworth, Samuel Borden, Ch. Macalester, Jr.. D. B.. Lawler, Jn. G. Worthington, J. B. Brooke, W. Greene, E. S. Haines, D. Trotter, N. Wright, D. Wade, J. Dorfenille, Lewis Howell, N. Guilford, 7. D. Garrard, Wm) R. Foster, L. W. Smith, Wm. C. Rogers, E. P. Langdon, A.- Adams, Chas. Schultz, Levi James, Looken, J. Madeira, H. D. Carneal, Duval, fnoA. .Martin Forbes, ,Jr. , M, Spencer, Smith, Oi.. BWhiteman,. Blatchly," Wm. Lytle, Wm. S, Johnston, JnoA. McAlpin. Locke,, Geo. W. Neff, Samuel Lowty, H. Starr, Jno. T. Drake, Js..McCandiess, D. K, Este, Samuel Perry, A. L. Moore, B. Storer, P. S. Symmes, N. G. Pendleton, M. P. Cassilly, Wm. M. Walke -Thos. Bell, Js. Ward. JameW s Graham,^ i.R. B. Bowler, Wm. S. Hatch, Peter Beason," Wm. D. Jones, David Gwynn, E. Robins, Ds.. B Tallant. Close,, Jno. Baker, Lyon, "no. P. Foot JGeo. Carlisle, C. C. Perry, S.I. Sharpless : , er. Butler, W. Mason, P. A. Sprigman, C. Avery, ~"m. Conklin, Grandin, s Baley Keys, D. Jones, Lewis Baker, \.Wm . Schillingen, Joseph Peirce, Sharpless, Benj. Waren, Chs. Smith, Thos. G. Lea, S. Reynolds, C. Bradbury, J. L. Avery. Wm. Lodwick, V. C. Marshall, M. Lyons, 168 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

The Visitors are: Rev. J. L. Wilson, Pres.; Mr. D. B. Lawler, Sec; Mr. Wm. M. Walker, Treas.; Rev. Wm. Burke, Mr. Martin Baum, Mr. P. S. Symmes, Mr. Jno. P. Foote. I send you the Saturday Evening Chronicale, which contains a publica­ tion by the Board of Visitors, and if that paper should not reach you, the same publication may be found in the Cincinnati Gazette, of this week, of the 24th, and the National Republican of the 20th, and 23d inst. Now it is not the design of the Association nor of myself at present to petition tbe legislature for a law of incorporation or for pecuniary aid, but it might pave the way and encourage further contributors, for you to throw into your message a single sentence commending the establishment to the Guardianship of the General Assembly, as a Public Charity, inter­ esting to the State at large and perhaps deserving of ?Legislative encour­ agement; for diseases of the Eye are extremely complicated and common in Ohio. • I hope, my dear sir, you will excuse the liberty, which my knowledge of your ardent and liberal feelings, has emboldened me to take in troubling you with so long a letter. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, Your obedient servant and friend, DAN DRAKE. ffcr. Dunbury et al to Gov. Trimble.] COLUMBUS, December 14, 1827. « SIR: The undersigned having been appointed by the Medical Conven­ tion, which assembled in the town of Columbus on the second Monday of December, 1827, to express the views of that body on the subject sug­ gested to their consideration by the communication, they had the honor of receiving from Your Excellency. The convention would represent to Your Excellency that they are decidedly of opinion, that the laws at present enacted, have had and will continue to have a very beneficial influence, in protecting the people from imposition, by restraining the conduct and influence of mere pretenders, and that tbe repeal of these laws (which has sometimes been agitated in the Legislature)' would be subversive of good order, and very injurious to tbe people. They however, concur in opinion that many imperfections exist in the present laws regulating the practice pf Physic and Surgery arising from tbe existence of so many Tribunals which have been established, as judges of the qualifications Of applicants. Their decisions have been varient and there is no uniform standard of Medical qualifications to govern them, in conferring licenses. The Convention* is of opinion that the powers vested ifl the District Medical Societies are too great, and their responsibilities too little. They think it would be better to confine their power within the limits of their own districts, and that the State Medical Society only should have the power of granting licenses for the whole State. The convention believe that the inconveniences resulting to students from being required to attend for examination, in the centre of the State, would be amply compensated by the greater honor and respectability they would derive from having their medical attainments tested and approved by so respectable a tribunal. But as the convention only had the power to provide for the future existence of a State Medical Society, they have deemed it proper to postpone bringing this subject before the Legislature, until that society assemble. This tribunal will not exist until representatives from the district medical societies assemble on the 1st of January, 1829, and organize themselves pursuant to a Constitution, which the convention has adopted for their government. In consequence of the deep interest, which the community at large must feel in the value and usefulness of the medical art, as well as to promote the dignity, and insure the responsibility of its professors, the convention ardently hope, that at no very distant period, it will be required of candidates for examination, the attendance upon one course of Medical Lectures at least, in addition to the present requisitions, ye Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 169 it is the opinion of many members of the convention, that the exigencies of the people, and the difficulties and expenses attending this important part of a good medical education would render any further requisitions at present premature. The committee, in behalf of the covention, and for themselves individ­ ually, avail themselves of this opportunity of expressing to Your Excel­ lency the obligations they feel for the very polite and friendly attentions you have manifested towards them during their session, and pray you to accept of their High consideration and esteem. JOHN C. DUNBURY, JOHN J. BRICE, ROBERT MCNEILL, Committee in Behalf of the Convention. 1 » '• [Nathan Guilford to Gov. Trimble.] CINCINNATI, December 17, 1827. DEAR SIR: The friends of the Medical College of Ohio have heard with deep solicitude, that several persons, some governed by feelings of hostil­ ity and disappointed

tion, for the information of Congress; but am unable here to learn, to whom, in Ohio to apply, being ignorant of the officers, etc. Will you do me the favour to procure and cause to be transmitted to me, the required information with any other1 in your power tending to eluc­ idate the subject, and calculated to advance the claim of the institution or the munificense of this Government. I shall delay a report for some time to afford an opportunity to obtain information from different parts of the country. I presume my'object can be effected without putting you to too much trouble by addressing a note to the officers of the institution, which I would have done directly if I had known them. We have nothing here of general interest or of much moment, except the recent destruction of the Turkishfleet by the allied powers of Eng­ land, Russia and France, and the general alarm, lest the fury of the Constantinople populace, should fall on the heads of the Christian min­ isters and traders in that city, and overwhelm them in indiscriminate destruction. ' In the political way, little occurs. On the subject of the Vice Pres­ idency, the public mind here is not fixed; and we cannot Andrew Jackson." [C. 'J. Ingersoll^ to Gov. Trimble.]' . The Congressional proceedings arPHILADELPHIAe all incipient,, Decembewithout rinterest 24, 1827, an. d affordinSIR: gB nyo resolutioaid to foreteln of thl efutur Pennsylvanie movementa Societs or yevents for th. e ~promotio n of ManufactureWith greast respectand th,e trulMechaniy youcr Artsfriend, ,I am directed Jt.o Cinfor. WRIGHTm You. r Excellency of the gratification received by the members of that Society, i in common they trust with all the friends of domestic industry and the national welfare it causes, from Your Excellency's late Message to the Legislature of Ohio, in which you do clearly and forcibly recommend to public attachment and protection the great manufacturing interest, as essential to the prosperity of our common country, especially in its agricultural and commercial possessions and pursuits. The Society have the best reason for believing that the views you have thus declared of the constitutionality and policy of the protection of manufactures, are anxiously entertained by the most venerable and experienced statesmen of our country, as well as by the great mass of the people, and it relies on the effortsjiow about to be made under such impulses for their adoption 'by Congress in laws to bestow the greatest advantages in the United States. Yours, «C. J. INGERSOLL, Vice-Pres. w \J. C. Wright to Gov. Trimble.] WASHINGTON CITY, January 2, 1828. DEAR SIR: We frequently have occasion to search for the Laws-of Ohio, and the Reports of the Ohio Supreem Court, in the,Library of Congress, and regret not to be able to find them. Two or three years since I suggested to a friend of mine in the Legislature ,the propriety of the Legislature adopting a Resolve to furnish a copy of our laws and the reports from time to time as they increase, to the Department of State of the United States, and to the Library of Congress. I received for my answer that my wishes had been anticipated, and that the Legislature before, passed such resolve. I have no copy of the Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 171

resolution passed, and am ignorant of its extent. We are unable to find the laws or reports in the Library of Congress, and the reports are not found in the Department of State. It is known to you, probably, that the Department of State and the Library of Congress are a mile distant from each other, and that the transmission to one place, will answer no purpose connected with the •other. My object in this is to direct your attention to tbe matter, and if there is such a resolve to suggest, that in executing it, the copies intended for the Library of Congress be directed to the clerk of the House and marked for the Library of Con.,while that for the Department of State, should be directed to the Secretary and to request the transmission to the Library of the Volumes of Reports. Should no such resolve have been passed, and the object meet your approbation, that you suggest it to some friend in the Legislature, who will attend to it. •There is not much new in the political world. R , it is understood, will be the Adm. candidate for the Vice-Presidency. You will have noticed the strange course of our Com. "on.Manufactures. It is worthy pf special remark, that thefirst mov e of the Jackson tariff committee should have united all the inveterate anti-tariff men, with those opposed on constitutional grounds as upon expediency, in its support. It excited magical power! Randolph was busy, and happy, in promoting the divisions of the North and the union of the South, in conquering, and in "nailing us down like base money." The discussion and result, I, think, will recoil upon their heads, if we use properly the advantage it gives us. No nomination of a minister to London has yet been made, nor is there any interesting on dits to com­ municate. Our course on the whole, is not retrograding. Truly yours, * J. C. WRIGHT. N. B.—Your message has been generally read and with decided appro­ bation by all well informed men; and allow me to say (without setting up any special claim'to be included in that class), that its perusal gave me great satisfaction. It is a lucid exposition of the affairs of our Govern­ ment, and a state paper creditable to you and the State. [Martin Ruter to Gov. Trimble.] CINCINNATI, January 14, 1828. MY DEAR SIR: From information received by several gentlemen, recently at Columbus, I am induced to believe, that some very unjust and dishonorable representations have been made to yourself and certain members of the Legislature, in relation to the Medical College of Ohio, its'Trustees and its Professors-* Under this conviction, I deem it my duty to say to Your Excellency, that I consider those who made the repre­ sentations, far from being friends to the College; that they never were its friends; and I fear they never will be, any farther than they can render it subservient to their own private interests. , If it were consistent with your arrangements and official duties, for you to visit this city during the present course of lectures, or at the Commence- " ment, which'will take place early in March, it would be gratifying to your friends, you would be able to form an opinion from your own personal observations, and I doubt not but the state and prospects of the College would be entirely satisfactory to your mind. I will add, that the presentflourishing conditio n of this institution far exceeds what its friends had anticipated. - And if not ruined, nor inter­ rupted by the plots of its enemies, there can be no doubt of its success and extensive usefulness. The Trustees have freely and gratuitously devoted much time to secure its prosperity; and their whole course, both*in the management of its pecuniary concerns, and in the appointment of professors, has evidently been dictated by a sincere desire to subserve the best interests of the public. I remain, dear sir, very respectfully," Your friend and obedient servant, MARTIN RUTER. 172 Correspondeuce of Allen Trimble.

[Invitation to Gov; Trimble.] CINCINNATI, February 29, 1828. SIR: You are. respectfully invited to attend the Commencement oi the Medical College of Ohio, to be holden on the llth of March, 1828. By order of the Board of Trustees and Faculty. SAMUEL RAMSEY, M. D. P. J. COBB, Dean of the Faculty. [John Woods to Gov. Trimble.] WASHINGTON, March 24, 1828. DEAR SIR: Mr. Ruggles has put into my hand a line from you on the subject of the grant of land made to Indiana at the last session of Congress and he requests me to write you on the subject. I have no doubt but the proper construction of the Act will entitle Indiana to the land sP far as the line of her canal will pass through Ohio in reaching navigable.waters of Lake Erie which I believe will be the Maumee Bay. Such was .my opinion at the time the bill came before the Com­ mittee of which I was a member last year and such I believe was the opinion of the representative from Indiana. The United States have in my opinion a right to grant the public land to a state as well as to an individual, at least this is the impression which I now have but it will be held subject to>the jurisdiction of the State in which it is situated. The grant of the land does not enable Indiana to exercise any other power than that of a mere land holder. We acquire no.right to execute a canal or any other work of the kind in Ohio even though the grant,may depend upon that as a condition precedent. We must obtain the consent of Ohio and take it if at all upon such terms as we may impose. I enclose you a report presented by the committee to which I belong with a bjll reported with it which is connected with this subject. It was believed to be best not even to suggest that any probable difficulty could arise between Indiana and Ohio on the subject, the report therefore only glances on the matter of arrangement between the States, and you will see the bill makes a special jprovision on the subject. I believe it is the interest of Ohio to favor the construction of the Act contended for by Indiana as more than 50 miles of the canal for which the Act of Congress grants land will be common to both States as the great northern route from our western produce and trade. From Defiance to the Lake it will be a part of our Miami line of Canal. I have had the pleasure of seeing Gov. Ray here a f£w days ago and I conversed freely with him on the subject. I also before drawing up the bill and report enclosed, consulted all tbe gentlemen from Indiana and they.all assure me that it is the wish of that State to'relinqufsh the grant to Ohio if we will execute the work or they will do it so far as Defiance if we will complete it below that point and give them such power over the part of the line above Defiance and in our State and as will enable Indiana to accomplish the work. They all concur in the opinion which you very properly express that Indiana can not by virtue of the grant of land froni the General Government obtain aright to execute the Canal in Ohio and thus to absorb our wealth and source of revenue. But they are anxious to obtain our consent or rather to make some arrangement which will be mutually satisfactory. I believe there can be no difficulty if we succeed in carrying the enclosed bill through and it now stands in a-favorable attitude as the Senate have passed a bill granting 400,000 acres to Alabama to improve the Tennessee and other rivers which will be referred to the same committee of the whole to which our Miami bill is committed. We will thus, gain all the Southern interest in favor of taking them up. It may be suggested that we cannot obtain a sufficient supply of water to justify making our Western Canal. That is a matter we will not Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 173

admit to be questioned here but if after we obtain the grant it would be found expedient to make a railroad or some other improvement the application of the grant could easily be changed so as to affect our wishes and at the same time attain the same general object, I confess that I feel deeply interested in this subject not only as it affects my immediate constituents but in relation to tbe interest of the whole Northwest part of our State where the United States yet owns more than four millions of acres ofrich an d valuable land which would soon befilled with population if proper facilities can be made for tbe transportation of its productions and the intercourse required to secure its prosperity. I hope it will be consistent with your opinion of the interest of our State to take such measures in your correspondence with the authorities of Indiana as will lead to an arrangement which will secure to both States the full advantages of the grant of land already made and which will operate in favor of our obtaining the grant asked on our part next session if we would fail at this time. By ascertaining as fully as possible in your cor­ respondence with Governor Ray the wishes of that State and the terms to which they would probably acced e you may be able to present the subject favorably to our Legislature. I will not trouble you farther on the subject as you will, I am confident, see more clearly the course which the interests of our State require us to pursue than I can. I will be much gratified to receive a line from you on the subject. You will have seen that a bill has been reported to make a general fant of land to Ohio to aid in her Canal. That bill will not be taken up,. presume. Indeed, I am perhaps doing injustice to those who have brought it forward when I admit that I am suspicious that it was only [H. Richardson to Gov. Trimble.] intended as a political maneuver. I will, however, cordially support EXECUTIVE DEPT., RICHMOND, VA., April 21, 1828. either bill if we can get it taken up. SIR: I am instructed by the Governor to transmit to your Excellency I enclose you a bill and reports of the subject of our northern,boundary. the map referred to in his letter which, at the time of writing, he intended should_ accompanYoursy respectfully it, but has, since determined to send bJOHy mailN WOODS. I hav. e accordingly transmitted to Messrs. McDonald & Redsels of Baltimore, a package for Your Excellency, containing a map of the State of Virginia, addressed to of Wheeling. This was suggested by your Senators in Congress as the safest and most expeditious mode of conveyance, as I hope it will prove. Be pleased to notify the Governor of the receipt of the map. I have the honor to be, with great respect, Your obedient servant, H. RICHARDSON, Council of State. [John C. Brigham to Allen Trimble.] AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY. NEW YORK, July 7, 1828. DEAR SIR: I am directed to inform you that at a recent meeting of the Board of Managers of the "American Bible Society" you was duly elected one of the Vice-Presidents of this institution. It is hoped, sir, that you will accept of this office, intended as a token of respectful confidence on the part of the Board, and to which I beg leave to add the assurance of the personal regard of your obedient servant* JNO. C. BRIGHAM, Cor. Sec. of A. B. Soc. P. S.—Please accept of a copy of the addresses made before this Society at its late Anniversary. 174 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Chas. c. Paine to Gov. Trimble.] PAINESVILLE, July 23, 1828, SIR: The increase of business in this town and county, require that there should be appointed in this village a Notary Public. Although we have no bank yet, a broker's or loan office, is kept here, which, together with other monied operation, often require a Notary. . I have by several of the citizens been requested to accept of the appoint­ ment which I have concluded to do, if you should think proper to appoint. me, a petition is deemed unnecessary, or I would forward one. The Administration Party stand firm and I have no doubt but the Adams' ticket will go off Reserve from ten to twelve thousand ahead. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, CHAS. C. PAINE. [D. James to Gov. Trimble.] ZANESVILLE, August 9, 1828. SIR : Agreeably to a resolution unanimously accepted at a meeting of the Muskingum Agricultural and Manufacturing Society, on the 4th inst., you are respectfully requested to attend their next annual exhibition, to be holden at this place on the 1st and 2d days of October next, also to join with them in the festivities of the days. With sentiments of the highest consideration, I am, Excellent Sir, Your most obedient and humble servant, D. JAMES, Secretary. [Gov. Trimble to Geo. James.] HILLSBORO, O., September 10, 1828. SIR: On my return from the north a few days since I received your letter of tbe 9th, ult<, communicating to me an invitation to attend the next annual exhibition of the Muskingum Agricultural and Manufactur­ ing Society, at Zanesville, on the 1st and 2d days of October next. I assure you, sir, I duly appreciate the kind and generous feeling of the Society and feel much regret that I am denied the pleasure of accepting the invitation with which it has honored me. ' An appointment I have made (and must fulfill if able to do so) to be at the Delaware land office on thefirst, of next month will put it but of my power to meet my friends on that day at Zanesville. I beg you.to accept my excuse, and present me most respectfully to the members of the Society, and assure them of my high regard and the' lively interest I fee[Jamesl for th eSteele succes set o al.f th eto institution Gov. Trimble,]. ALLE N TRIMBLE.. ,- . DAYTON, September, 1828. DEAR SIR; The undersigned without the knowledge of Judge Crane, have taken the liberty to address you,to procure your influence in favour df the appointment of Judge Crane, as District Judge of this State, in the place of Judge Byrd, deceased. We deem it unnecessary to dwell upon his claims to that office, as you are a competent Judge of them. We believe that the appointment would be agreeable to him. • It is a circumstance deserving some consideration, that Judge Crane has a large family, and that his pecuniary circumstances are very moderate. JAMES STEELE, ALEX; GRIMES, S. FALES, "Confidential." WARREN MUNGE. Correspondence of Allen Trinibte. 175

[W. Corry to Gov. Trimble.]., CINCINNATI, September 16, 1828.- SIR: The death of the Hon. Charles W. Byrd, District Judge of the United States for the District of Ohio, has left a vacancy in the Federal Judiciary to supply which, I'understand many honorable gentlemen will through their friends tender their services. , '" , • My.name has been presented among the number, and to avail myself of the influence.you possess with the Executive of the United States, is the object of this address. •- My pretentions, such as they may be, you have had some opportunity of becoming acquainted with, if they be such as you could approve, I ask the'favor of you to present them to the Executive of the United States, to whom I am personally unknown. .1 think L may without arrogance say, I havg few competitors in resi­ dence in the country and larger experience in the. Courts. ..Pardon this intrusion, and be assured that nothing but the feelings of the sincerest friendship could have prompted this application. With milch esteem,[Caleb Iani, respectfull Atwater toy yoursGov. Trimble.], • W; CORRY. CIRCLEVILLB, 9.P. M., uctooer IV, i»zs. DEAR SIR.: Our votes are just counted out, and they stand as follows in this township: For Trimble 236 . Morrow , 80 ; 156 In several other townships Trimble got nearly all the votes, I learn. For Congress—Thompson ...' 336 McArthur 80 For Assembly—Keffer..... 80 Olds...... 212 Hayes ..196 For Sheriff—^Hedges. '.. 196 A single glance of the eye will show you my ticket Trimble, Thompson, Olds, Hayes and Hedges. Printing ^he tickets has done much for us. PICKAWAY TOWNSHIP. For Governor—Morrow. 79 Trimble...... 189 For Congress—Thompson 165 McArthur 91 For Assembly—Olds 189 . Hayes 81 Lybrand 74 Recapitulation— 422356 80 189 79 159 Majority—266 in two townships. So; you will run down Morrow, Keffer, Lybrand and McArthur in this County, as you see. I have managed it in the best way I could for you and Thomposn and have succeeded completely. You are elected in the State by a large majority, beyond a doubt. I have, for the first time in 176 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

my life, written a great number of letters concerning the Governor's election, all over the State, to. printers and to every personal friend I had, and hope, we are completely nd of old Morrow forever. But, I have to thank you,.for your good conduct, through life, other­ wise I could not hav„e succeeded, as I have done. The Jackson men all voted for you everywhere, as I know, and so have many of Clay's friends , and some of the Adams' men in New Conn. ' The majority will be 20,000 at least in the State, though not more than 600 or 800 in this County. But it does me some good to gain a victory over Shelby, Florence, Lybrand, Barr and Keffer united against you. The printers have been friendly to you here and everywhere and. have Eut your name on almost every ticket as I requested them to do. Thus ave we got rid of one old Tammany man more. Let Tom W. follow after him, in short order. A few men properly organized and true to each other, in this State could do a great deal to rectify former abuses. We will follow up our victory now, with Jackson for President and for Heaven's sake, let that pass on, for we are all friendly to you and we are more numerous than you suspect us to be, everywhere[James Heaton. He towil Gov.l b eTrimble.] the next President, beyond doubt. MIDDLETOWNYours truly, BUTLE, R CO., 0., OctobeCALEBr ATWATER15, 1828.. DEAR SIR: One great struggle is over. In this County I told that T. had 600 votes and C. 1,300 for Governor, and little pimping Shields had about 1,000 over and I suppose is elected in the district, and a Jack set of Representatives for the County. The all-devouring spirit of Jacksonism seems to have seized on all the faculties of the multitude. How it has went on in Hamilton County I cannot say, but probably far ahead for the Hero. I still believe that in the State, your competition will fall behind ten thousand or more, but I may be deceived—th£re is no rule whereby to calculate. If he gains it, however, it will be a victory won without honor, and suffered without disgrace. He is most emphatically of the oldrigid clas s of Federalists, was edu­ cated and brought up so, by John Wilson, his uncle, of Morgantown. Whatever may be the further fortune of the man Jackson, whether he be now elected President, or not, the barbed dart, composed of tbe never to be destroyed evidence, of his close connection with A. Burr, has entered the heart of his reputation, and must, ultimately effect political mortifica­ tion and destruction. No man ever did, nor no man ever can, survive the consequences of such a shot. Neither have I lost hopes of the elevation of Mr. Clay: his popularity is rising, and willrise higher. I have a long, handsome portrait of his hung up in my office "as a terror to evil doers." If I am to show you, or select for you some of the Northern lands, please drop me a line on the receipt of this on what day I shall meet you at Piqua, and I will be there at the time, and will have a number of blank townships drawn in a.book, and at the land office can have them properly marked, etc. With great respect, yours, etc., JAMES HEATON. —«r> — [Extracts from letters of Samuel C. Andrews of Columbusj p., who was Adjutant-General under Gov. Trimble.] COLUMBUS, October 20, 1828. DEAR GOVERNOR: I write you upon your election which now is con­ sidered no, longer doubtful—not the shadow of a doubt. The reaction in the public mind in favor of Mr. Clay of which I spoke to your Excellency a long time ago, is beginning to take place. The public mind all over the country is powerfully interested in his behalf, if Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 177

Kentucky and Ohio will take anything like a decided stand the work will be accomplished and Mr. Clay must be President. Van Buren must go down in this State. From all I can gather his power and influence is rapidly declining. While he remained in the State, he managed things to his liking by his creatures—his canvasing system, etc. ' - This furnished the more violent of the party with a handle for high handed measures and by means of it should we see Jackson speakers, Jackson clerks, Jackson door-keepers and Jackson Chairmen of Com­ mittees. [John McLean to Gov. Trimble,] % WASHINGTON, December 4, 1828. MY DEAR SIR: I received a letter a few days ago from our excellent friend, Mr. Collins, informing me that you had cast your lot amongst us. This intelligence gave me the sincerest pleasure, and I hope you may never have cause to regret the step you have taken. It is now near eighteen years since I joined the Methodists, and the time has not yet been that I have regretted it. There is more solid peace and happiness to be found among this people than in the world, and my regret has been that I was not more worthy the name I bear. Since I have made a profession of religion, I recollect of no time when the cause appeared so prosperous as at present. In almost every part of the Union there are revivals, and where they do not prevail there appears to be a concern on the subject of religion. Some have supposed that religion could not be enjoyed by one engaged in active political life. But I am convinced that there is no employment, which is lawful, in which religion may not be enjoyed. Some positions are more favorable than others to this enjoyment, but the grace of God is sufficient, and if we put our trust in Him He will not forsake us. I most heartily rejoice that now the election of President is over, much of the bitterness that has prevailed will subside. Such contests impair the moral force of our institutions abroad and lessen the public con­ fidence in them at home. Men's passions have become' enlisted, so that under momentary excitement they have, with honest intentions, done' many things which were wrong. On looking over the ground of contest, I am well satisfied with my own course. I have done nothing to injure the reputation or affect the interests of any one. No act has been done by me, officially or otherwise, with a view of influencing any individual on the subject. Seeing the attacks that have been made on me, and per­ haps believing them, you may be surprised at this statement. But it is strictly and literally true. I have permitted the attacks to pass unheeded, relying upon the integrity of my conduct. That these attacks may have given activity to some of my .friends in Ohio and elsewhere, is probable, but I was not answerable for this. To my brothers nor no other persons have I ever expressed a wish .as to the result or attempted to influence them. A violent course of party feeling will, in a few years, I fear, destroy our confederacy, and with it the last and best hope of liberty. I do not fear a division of Federalists and Republicans, but I fear anything like a geographical division. This, without great caution, may prove fatal to the republic. There are many hot spirits on both sides whp^ would push a contest of this character, from selfish motives, reckless of consequences. Nothing can be more dangerous. Let parties array themselves on this ground, and ere we are aware the blow will be struck. I am aware that a vast, majority of the people will cling to the confed­ eracy, but if a minority secede, how are they to be brought back? I am not easily alarmed, and have ever viewed with disgust the vaporing of Hartford conventionists and Southern madcaps, but the deep tone of the 178 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

people must not be awakened. If one State in her sovereign capacity shall array itself against the Union, what can be done? To acquiesce is to see the Federal Government displaced— to attempt subjugation by force is to deluge the country in blood. A "dreadful alternative, and what would be the end of such a step? Perhaps desolation wpuV be spread over the land, and its fairest prosperity blighted forever. A despotism might result^ * -- ' We must avoid either alternative, not by abandoning the great interests of the country, but by a course of conciliation which shall be beneficial to all parties. I have always considered the tariff law of last session as not calculated to effectuate the objects desired, though I should have voted for.it had I been a member

business, and reproached him for being jostled out of the track in the Senator scrape, and I will excommunicate him if he offers to become a Judge,'whether he succeeds or not. Mason or Fales, should be that udge. Crane should not fly the track from Congress, and thus cut up and destroy our representation; but if he does, let Collet take his place, and thenfill hi s place with F. Corwin. : It would seem to me that an evil genius pervades the nation, and par­ ticularly this state. Who would have even thought of electing States Attorney and recorders? Why not elect Surveyors, Judges, Doctors and Ministers? There ought also to be an Astronomer elected, to observe the: nearing of the moon to our globe, for it has made dangerous approaches lately. " >' Early in March we shall be regaled with a rare treat of composition from the pens of Van Buren, Livingston and J. H. Eaton, over the sig­ natures of A. Jackson, set in type by Duff Green. I intend to read it with attention, then I intend troubling you with a commentary. If Mr. Clay thinks proper, he can no doubt have a seat in Congress the next Session. If he should, he will, as usual, appear like an Eagle among Crows. May Heaven[T. preserv M. Drakee him to. Gov.Your Trimble.]s truly, JAMES HEATON. OHIO UNIVERSITY, February 14,1829. DEAR SIR: Though not personally acquainted with you, I neverthe­ less take the liberty of addressing you a few lines. I had indulged myself with the hopes of seeing you last fall when I visited Hillsborough; but owing to circumstances was deprived of the satisfaction when I had the pleasure of being introduced to your family. My principle motive for writing you at this time, is to solicit your attendance, if within your power, at the next meeting of the board, which takes place on the 14th of April. I do not know that there is anything special to be transacted, but together with myself your attend­ ance, would also be to many others very gratifying. „ I saw Joseph about three weeks ago at Zanesville.. . He was well and doing good. He will be down in'the spring, at the meeting of the Board-, I expect. My respects to Mrs. Trimble. I am most respectfully, yours, etc., T. M. DRAKE. [John McLean to Gov. Trimble.] POST OFFICE DEPT., February 20,1829. SIR: It would afford me very great pleasure to meet the wishes expressed in your favor of the 4th, inst., but at present, the means of the Department will not justify any increase of expenditure. By putting new routes into operation and giving increased accommodation on old ones, the expense of the Department has been increased, within eighteen months past, about three hundred thousand dollars. The present expen­ diture is greater than the receipts, so that it is impossible to increase it. On reflection you will see the propriety of establishing one principle route, connecting important points, on which the mail should be con­ veyed with great expedition. Other and parallel routes, between the same places, must be subordinate. If an equal amount of accommodation be given on every such route, as on the principal route, competition for passengers would be carried so far, as to throw the expense of transporta­ tion, almost wholly, on the Department. This would paralyze its opera­ tions, and greatly limit its usefulness. In making the late contracts, the bid which was accepted for the route by the way of Columbus, affords so many advantages to the public, that I 180 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

could not reject it. The bidders proposed to convey the mail daily, in six days from.Washington City to Cincinnati, for about thirty-two dollars per mile. As this offer proposed a much greater expedition than had ever been given to the mail, on this route, at a much lower rate of com­ pensation, the public interest required its acceptance. Stages have been discontinued from the route by the way of Circleville and Wilmington, to Lebanon, and although numerous applications have been made to re-es­ tablish them, I have not had it in my power to do so, nor do I consider it would be good policy to pay for stages on this route, to the neglect of other routes having much stronger claims. I am aware that the mail is transported on tbe route form Bainbridge to Cincinnati at a very low rate, and, I assure you it will afford me very great pleasure, if in the course of the ensuing spring, the means of the Department shall enable me to add to the compensation, on account pf increased expedition on the route, or any other services which will justify it. The Postmaster General is not authorized to pay an additional compensation, except for additional services. With very great respect, Your obedient servant, JOHN MCLEAN. [Theodore Dwight to W. Whittlesey.] NEW YORK, February 21, 1829. DEAR SIR: Early last summer, Gov. Trimble was elected a Vice-? President of the American Bible Society, and the fact was communicated to him by a letter from the Secretary pf that Institution. Some time since, I was infomred that no answer had been received from him, and of course that it was not known whether he accepted the appoint­ ment or not. Whether the letter miscarried, or the matter had slipped his memory, I could not say. But as I feel anxious, having nominated him for the office, that the fact would be ascertained, I am invited to ask the favor of you, if you correspond with him, to mention the subject to him in one of your letters. Our annual meetin[Chas.g is o B.n th Goddarde secon tod ThursdaGov. Trimble.]y of May , previously to which it is desirable for the managers toZANESVILLE know whethe, Marcr heh wil 6,l 1829 accep. t thiDEAs officeR GOVERNOR. With grea: tI respectreceived, YouI amr, Excellency'your obediens tlette servantr of th, e 3d inst. today, and I write immediately to assure Your ExcellencTHEODORy thaE DWIGHTt the sigh. t of your order in the newspapers reorganizing your staff excited in me no other unpleasant sensation than that of never having had any oppor­ tunity of showing my zeal in Your Excellency's service by the performance of any duty attached to the office you were so good as to confer upon me. I did not, of course, conjecture the satisfactory reason which you have assigned, but I attributed the change to reasons which I thought suffi­ cient and which are these. The office of aid to the Commander-in-Chief is merely honorary and conferring a respectable military rank. You had gratified two of your friends by the appointment, and I thought it per­ fectly natural and proper that at the commencement of your second gubernatorial term, you s'hould select two others of your friends to fill the same office. These things I had indeed thought of suggesting to Your Excellency when at Columbus, but was deterred by the fear that it might look like indifference on my part to your Excellency's favor and an improper undervaluing of the offices in your sight. And to tell Your Excelency the whole truth, when I the appointment of Messrs. Wheeler and Corwin, I felt muchflattered tha t gentlemen of so much more eminence than myself, wouldfill a n office of this kind after me. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 181

Perhaps I have needlessly troubled Your. Excellency in writing thus much upon this subject, but I was truly anxious to convince you that the change had left no unpleasant emotions in my breast. I have the honor to be, with great respect, Your Excellency's faithful friend and obedient servant, CHAS. B. GODDARD. [John McLene to Gov. Trimble.] COLUMBUS, March 7, 1829. DEAR SIR: Yours of the 4th, inst, was received this morning. Enclosed I send a copy of the Canal land act. The act for the distribution of the V. M. S. fund is printed in the State Journal, which I presume you have received. With respect to the time of sale for these lands, it will be necessary to have reference (as to time) to the provisions of a resolution appointing commissioners, to establish seats of justice in these counties not organized and it is made their duty to locate the seat on the lands lately selected by Your Excellency which with the/adjoining lands are not to be offered for sale, notices to these commissioners have Only, just been sent out and the act providing forfixing seat s of justice requires" notice to be. given for a considerable length of time. . All well. I will send a bundle of blanks by the mail, come next week.. Yours, etc.[E., Whittlesey to Gov. Trimble.] JN. MCLENE. , WASHINGTON, March 13, 1829. DEAR SIR: I shall enclose a letter I lately received from Mr. Dwight of New York. You will undoubtedly mingle, your surprise with thousands of others at the formation of the new cabinet. Gen. Jackson has not in forming it exhibited any' of that sagacity which it was supposed he possessed. If the state of our political affairs should be such as to require talent, skill and intelligence to manage them, the President and his Cabinet will be found wholly incompetent to the emergency. The city is full of office seekers and among them are about thirty printers. The cry of proscription is the order of the day. We have done literally nothing. We have not disposed of the bills reported last session into ninety eight. I am, most repsectfully yours, E. WHITTLESEY. [Owen Fishback to Gov. Trimble.] DEAR SIR: You. are aware, -no doubt, of the passage of a law at the last session of the Legislature, creating a School Fund for„this County, consisting of a portion of the money in the Treasury belonging to the Virginia Military District. - As to the whys and wherefores, that were given to the Legislature in favor of the passage of this law, I yet remain to be informed. I wish now to know what disposition was made by the Legislature with that portion of the money that remains in the State Treasury if at interest? at what rate? and for what length pf time? And whatever may be within your knowledge on the subject will be most thankfully received.. If convenient,, a speedy: answer is desired. Anything that you may feel at liberty to. communicate, is intended for my own private use, ana will not otherwise be used .without liberty to do so.. I remain, Very respectfully yours, etc;, OWEN FISHBACK. 182 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[J. C. Brigham to Allen Trimble.] BIBLE SOCIETY HOUSE. NEW YORK, May 10, 1829. DEAR SIR: It is made my duty to advise you that the Managers of the "American Bible Society" have unanimously elected you as one of the Vice-Presidents of this Institution. It is hoped, sir, that you will be disposed to accept the office thus cordially consigned. I am happy to inform you that the Society is in.a highly,prosperous condition. Our income the past year has been over $150,000 and our distribution of Bibles and Testaments over 300,000 copies. With the Divine Blessing we hope to accomplish still more during the year on which we have today entered. Yours with respect and Xtjan salutation, J. C. BRIGHAM, Cor. Sec. [E. H. Pierce to Gov. Trimble.] EXECUTIVE DEPT. GEORGIA, MILLEDGEVILLE, May 23,1829. SIR: By the direction of His Excellency, the Governor, I have the honor to transmit a copy of the Laws of Georgia passed at the last session of the General Assembly. I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant[W., Corry to Gov.E. H .Trimble.] PIERCE, Sec. Executive Dept. CINCINNATI, June 26, 1829. DEAR SIR: The sudden and lamented death of Judge Sherman has left a vacancy on the bench of the Supreme Court, which it may become the duty of the Executive to fill. Under these circumstances I take the liberty of presenting my name as a candidate for your consideration. And should you deem my appoint­ ment consistent with the public interest, I would be much gratified with that mark of approbation. Yours respectfully, W. CORRY. [Allen Trimble to John Armstrong.] HILLSBOROUGH, O., July 2, 1829. DEAR SIR : I have received your letter of the 26th, ult., communicating "at the request of the Stockholders of the Maysville and Washington Turnpike Company," an invitation to partake of a public dinner on the 4th, inst., in the vicinity of Maysville, where the contemplated road is expected to be commenced. It will be impossible for me, consistent with previous arrangements, to be at Maysville on the 4th. Whilst I regret the necessity I am under to decline to comply with your polite invitation, I must assure you I wouid take great pleasure in mingling with my Kentucky friends on so inter­ esting an occasion, and witnessing the commencement of a work of improvement which I doubt not excites an interest in your State com­ mensurate with its importance. « Allow me to hope that your Commencement may be propitious; your success complete; that your example may kindle a flame, which will con­ sume the' Monster Party that has hitherto paralyzed the energies of your State. That the genius, and daring of your citizens so often displayed in sup­ port of the interest and honpr of the nation may be united, to cherish and unfold the resources, and improve the internal condition of the common­ wealth. And that Kentucky may yet exhibit (in works of improvement), trophys of skill and enterpnse, that will do honor to tbefirstborn of the old thirteen. • ' • I tender to the stockholders, my acknowledgments for the honor conferred by the invitation you have politely communicated, which you will please make known to them. And for yourself; accept assurances of my best regard. ALLEN TRIMBLE. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 183

HILLSBOROUGH, O., August 3, 1829. DEAR ELIZA: I returned home Saturday and found your mother quite unwell with a bad cold. She is better this morning. The rest of the family, are well. When the family heard of the feeling which the pardon of Bird sail had excited, in Cincinnati against me and the danger that some taggamuffins might be induced to vent their vindictive tempers on any member of the family that might come within their power, they all concurred in the opinion that you ought not to have been left under the protection of females; indeed some-of the family thought I ought to have brought you home. I think, however, under all the circumstances it would have been imprudent to have taken you from school for I could not persuade myself that you would be in any danger except from the most profligate" and worthless, who would only dare to molest you under circumstances which would shield them from detection and punishment. At Mrs. Keehes they might have had such an opportunity. I therefore, determined soon as the intimations was given of your danger (which was only a few minutes before the stage started), to change your situation and place you where none would dare approach to insult or abuse you. The mail is waiting for my letter. I must close. Your mother sends her love to Mrs. McLean, Mrs. Jones, Julia and the girls, Rachel and Sarah Starr. I expect a long letter from you tomorrow on the receipt of which I will infoym yo[Johnu whe McLeann to loo tok foGov.r m eTrimble. again in ] Cincinnati. If you cannot be located to the entireCINCINNATI satisfactio,n Augus of yout r4, mother 1829. , I wilMl Ybrin DEAg yoR uSIR home: Immediatel. Your affectionaty on readine fatherg you, r letter,A Mrs. TRIMBLE. McLea. n went for your daughter, and we are happy in having it in our power to relieve all your anxiety respecting her. We shall make her situation agreeable. Last night, we arrived from Columbus, and I have been out but little today, but I am sure that there can be very little excitement against you on account of the late act of mercy. It shall be my endeavor everywhere, and on all occasions, to vindicate your cause, as I believe it was right, and I most cordially approve of it. I have not met with a respectable man who differed with me in opinion'. Mrs. McLean joins me in respect to Mrs. Trimble. Would not a journey to Cincinnati be of service to Mrs. Trimble? We should be happy if you could spend some' days with us at any time. Your friend[R., Wood to Gov. Trimble.] JOHN MCLEAN. CLEVELAND, August 24, 1829. MY DEAR SIR: I write you confidentially, strictly so. The fact is, that Dr. Jno. Hamm, and myself are both named at Wash­ ington as suitable persons for the appointment of Charge des Affairs to Guatemala. If consistent with your feelings, I wish you to write, without delay, a letter to the Secretary of State, in my behalf, stating your acquaintance with me and that I have served in the Senate with you and your belief as to my qualifications, to discharge the duties of that station. Although of- opposite politics to the Secretary, a letter from a person placed in your high official station, would, undoubtedly, have its influence. In haste and respectfully, Your obedientHILLSBORO, humbl,e 0servant„ Octobe, rR 28. ,WOOD 1829. • DEAR SIR: Your letter of August last, came to hand. When my feel­ ings were somewhat excited at the power that be. And I would not reconcile it to my views of propriety, to trust to the present, in of any 184 Correspondence of Allen Trimble. friend of the former administrator of the General Government, disposed however, to you as far as in my power connected with those examples by which I desire to be Governor. "Do good to all men," but especially to my friends. I took the subject under consideration, and after mature deliberation I have concluded it will be not only improper for me (enter­ taining the opinions I do, of the course pursued by the present Adminis­ tration), to write to them'in favor of any friend, but that the interest of anyone who may be in favor at Washington, would be prejudiced by my interference in their behalf. Respectfully, etc., ALLEN TRIMBLE. [S. M. Levenworth to. Allen Trimble.] LEVENWORTH, October -1, 1829. SIR: I have for several years been attending to railroads and canals, and comparing one system with the other, and am decidedly of Opinion, that railroads are greatly superior to canals, in almost every situation, particularly for long distances into the interior of arty country, for the purpose of transportation of all kinds of commodities to, and from, that interior; Viewing the map of the United States, and taking into view the real sitaution of each part, the various productions, the wants and necessities of each, and the natural means of transportation in each, it appears to me, these States ought to have two railroads, one from near the mouth of the Missouri or the Mississippi River, passing through the States of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Massa­ chusetts, to Boston; the other from Lake Michigan, passing through Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, and South Carolina states to Charleston; passing through all these States; in such a manner, as will best accom­ modate their real situation, and the nature of the ground will permit. Then perfect the inland communication on the seaboard from Charleston, or New Orleans to Boston. These three routes of internal improvement once in successful operation, would bind strong the Union; make this the most populous, powerful, richest, strongest government upon the globe. Let the railroad be run with steam at high velocity, then all commod­ ities, men and munitions, would pass from one part of the Union to the other, with the same or a greater facility and rapidity, than the wings of the wind now waft the ships upon the. ocean. One section would give the raw materials, another would manufacture the°m; and another would grow the breadstuffs—all would be nearly the same price in all sections. The facilities, rapidity and reduction in the price of transportation, would * be so great upon the railroads as to nearly equalize the. price in all parts. . Let the "South grow the cotton, the middle and northern the wool; the east manufacture them; the west, the great, the productive valley of the Misisssippi, the produce, the breadstuffs. America would then manu­ facture cheaper, and "would'undersell any nation upon the globe. No other nation has the great water power of the east, the extensive cotton country of the south, or any country like in fertility to the expansive valley of the Mississippi. All that is wanting is the proper internal improvements, to bring all into action. The price of labor and all its proceeds, are, and must be regulated by the price of breadstuffs in all countries, and will be cheapest in that, in which subsistence is the most easily acquired. It does appear to me, the States of Massachusetts, New York, Penn­ sylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, unitedly in a joint stock Company, can make tbis road from Boston to the Mississippi. I am a member of the Indiana Legislature, and will bring it forward this winter in the Legislature. I request you to lay the subject before the Legislature of your State in such manner as you in your wisdom shall think best cal­ culated to accomplish the object. All that can be done this winter, will be to appoint a Commissioner from each state, to meet at some con­ venient point to be agreed upon, to take into consideration the practica­ bility, and utility of the proposed road, and report to the next Legislature Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 185

of the respective States, for their information, and consideration, and agree upon some general principles in what manner the States will unite, to accomplish the object. It will take time to make all the necessary preliminary arrangements, if we commence this winter, I think it will not be premature. A simul­ taneous movement in all the States through which the road would pass, is certainly desirable, if the road should be undertaken. I do believe, all these states unitedly are able in a few years to make . this road. But would- it befinished i n 20 or 30 years, it would be of great utility, and well worth the exertion. I have no doubt, Indiana can and will, make her part, if she succeeds in obtaining her rights in the public lands in her state. If you should consider the object chimerical, and impracticable, con­ sider this communication confidential. An answer is anxiousl[Eleazary solicited Lord; towit Gov.h grea Trimble.]t respect and high consid-, eration, I remain, yours very respectfullyNEW, YORKSET, NovembeH M. LEVENWORTHr 28, 1829; . MY DEAR SIR: I beg leave to congratulate you on the very prosperous •condition of your State and especially on the progress and success of your canal enterprise, which is fast elevating the State in public estima­ tion abroad, as well as increasing its wealth and advantages at home; while I make some inquiries concerning which a communication from you will be highly acceptable. Myself and the other original subscribers to the 5 per cent loan, espe­ cially Mr. Rathborn and "my brother Rufus, have held the stock ever since and still hold most of it; there having been no time since it was issued when it would sell without a loss. The firmness with which we held it, has had great effect in sustaining confidence here and favoring the nego­ tiation of subsequent loans. The,stock of the several loans has now got distributed into moderate amounts, and the price has lately advanced considerably. Sixes have sold at 12 to 13 per cent premium in anticipa­ tion Of the dividend of 3 per cent the 1st of January, andfives i n small parcels at 2 per cent premium. Something more is asked and -we hope it will advance to 4 or 6 so that we may get out without loss. It is of great importance to us now to know, and I therefore beg you • do me the favor to state, whether any further loan will be wanted for the completion of the canal;'and if so, at what time. Also, whether in your opinion there is likely to be any change in the Canal Commissioners, the Commissioners of the fund, or in the higher officers .of the State? It is our -opinion that a change in these departments from what is and has been to a political harmony with the general administration of the U. S. would materially diminish the confidence now reposed and increasing in the Ohio stocks. Any intimation you may do me the favor to give on this subject, shall if you desire it, be held strictly confidential with me, my brother and Mr. Rathborn; or as to the source of such intimation it shall not pass from me, should you so require. May I further presume on your kindness to send to me and Mr. Rath­ born each, a copy of the Canal Report and other documents affecting that subject which may be made public by the ensuing Legislature? As, early a reply as your convenience will permit, especially on the question whether "any more money will be wanted to be borrowed, is respectfully solicited. With salutations of personal esteem and respect, and my best wishes for your health and happiness, I remain, your obedient servant, ELEAZAR LORD. P. S.—Mr. Rathborn would join me in the above, but he is confined by severe illness, viz.; Rheumatism in his head and eyes. He is, however, getting better and I hope will soon be out. He desires me to convey his respectful remembrances to you. E. LORD. 186 Correspondence of Allen Trimble,

[D. Drake tp Gov. Trimble.] CINCINNATI, December 1, 1829. DEAR SIR: I take pleasure in introducing to your acquaintance, my friend, George Graham, Esq., one of the Representatives from our County, in the approaching legislative session. With Mr. Graham's "better half," (formerly Miss Murdock) you are, I believe, well acquainted. You will find (abating a little of the Jackson fever, which, however, has never raged violently upon,him); Mr. Graham to be a gentleman, aind sincerely devoted, I trust, to tbe advancement of the public good. I shall be gratified with any civilities, which your official engagements may permit you to extend to him. Wishing you a pleasant winter, I remain, dear sir, Your friend and obedient servant, D. DRAKE. ti -* [D. Drake to Gov.r Trimble.] CINCINNATI, December 1, 1829, DEAR SIR: The bearer of this note, Mr. Disney, is one of our Repre­ sentatives of the present session of the Legislature. He is a young gentleman of intelligence and respectability, and is as clever and as liberal in his political opinions, as a Jacksorj man well can be. I shall feel thankful for any attentions he may receive at your hands, and if you can point out any mode of converting him from his political, heresies, you will, perhaps[Governor, confe Trimble'sr a favor Message.] as well upo n him as his con­ Gentlemenstituents. ofWit theh Senate,much respect and House, you rof frien Representatives:d and obedient servant, Seldom has it fallen to the lot of a community to enjoy soD .muc DRAKEh pros. ­ perity and happiness, mingled with so few afflicting dispensations of Providence, as has been awarded to our citizens during the last year. A greater degree of health has at no time been enjoyed. The fruits of a productive soil have been abundant beyond all former example; and the general concerns of the State, were never in a more prosperous condition. For these distinguished blessings, we cannot be too thankful to the Great Author and Disposer of human Hfe; and, while we acknowledge and adore His goodness, we should not cease to invoke His continued mercy and protection, and the guidance of His wisdom, to direct our under­ standing, in the discharge of every duty. Assembled under circumstances so favorable—possessing the confidence of your constituents—a knowledge of their local wants, and enlarged and liberal views upon general subjects; there is much reason to hope that the- great interests of the country, committed to your care, will continue to prosper under your direction. Our State is essentially agricultural. To foster this great interest, by creating facilities, for inter-communication, as well as to encourage manufactures, and the mechanic arts—to provide for the diffusion of , useful knowledge—and to extend the benefits and equalize the burthens of government, Will be among the prominent duties of the Representatives. If there is any one subject, which, more than another, claims your attention, as possessing within itself, in a greater degree, the means of preserving our free institutions, of increasing our happiness, and advanc­ ing our prosperity; it is Education—a system of general instruction, that shall diffuse its blessings to every class, and shed its enlightening influence- on every mind. History is full of examples, where popular liberty has- degenerated into licentiousness and anarchy—where powerful factions have grown up to oppress the few—and the people, incapable of govern­ ing themselves, to avoid the turbulent rule of many, have submitted to the tyrahny of one. All men have theright, but the wise and the good, only, have the power to remain free. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 187

Should the subject of educating youth,,receive the attention due to its importance, intelligence, will become common, public virtue will accom­ pany it, and, united, they will form a basis, upon-which the freedom, future fame and happiness of the country, will rest secure. The system of Common Schools, which has been adopted by the State, like seed sown in a good soil, is taking deep root, and promises a continued harvest of the first fruits of virtue, as well as letters; which we hope, in many in­ stances, to see ripened and refined in our higher institutions of learning. It is regretted, that the number taught in our-Common Schools is not known. In the Universities of Athens and Oxford, and Kenyon College, which also deserves to be classed with the Institutions of the State, there are about 400 young men annually taught; and with but small additional expense, instruction might be imparted to double that number. The Medical College of Ohio is represented as being in a flourishing condition. The buildings completed, are sufficiently large to accommo­ date 300 students. The number at present attending the lectures is 115 —twenty of whom are beneficiaries. The Asylum for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, located at the Seat of Government under the authority of the State, has commenced a course of instruction. There are at present but few pupils; yet there is reason to hope the institution will flourish. These various schools must depend, for success, upon the patronage of the Government, and "an enlightened community; which it is hoped they will receive. The great work of improvement in which the State is engaged, advances toward completion witn a firmness comensurate with its grandeur and the interests it is intended to promote.—The residue of the entire line of Canal, is now under contract, to be completed in 1831. As the work has progressed toward its southern termination, the benefits of navigation from the Lake have been extended to the interior, and sensibly felt. It has now advanced near to Newark, a distance of 180 miles—it may be expected to approach Chillicothe in 1830; and in the following year to the Ohio River; making with.the Miami Canal, now completed, 375 miles of artificial Canal navigation in the State. For these invaluable public works, which are fast elevating the State in public estimation abroad, and increasing its wealth and advantage at home, we are indebted much to the enterprise of the age in which we live. —'•The spirit of improvement breathed upon the nation by the Father of. his Country, was permitted. to slumber, but to awake with renovated powers. A few intelligent and patriotic men generously stepped forward as pioneers to the achievement by the nation of what had only been suggested in theory. A distinguished citizen of New York, now no more, was among thefirst to stake his public character, and reputation, upon the result of thefirst grea t enterprise of a single State: the success of New York stimulated Ohio to undertakings at first appalling to many, but which we trust will be consummated to the satisfaction of all. This spirit of improvement, is not of a character to be arrested in its march: it cannot be stayed by'the rivers Ohio and Potomac, but must and will penetrate beyond them with irresistible force. Prejudice and pride of opinion may for a time impede its progress; but in its appointed time it will burst those feeble barriers, and advance with increased velocity, until it shall have made every section of bur Union partake of its advan­ tages. As it opens and enlarges our channels of intercourse, it cannot fail to add new ligaments to the national Union, by uniting the interests of those great branches of industry which are at present by some supposed to be adverse; thus convincing the most sceptical, that the good of the component parts constitutes and cements the good of the whole, and that the surest bond of Union is found in the protection which the common Government affords to the industry of all its citizens.—Happily there is little difference of opinion amongst the people of Ohio, upon these points. They look to extended improvements, arid to the protection of Domestic anIndustryd prosperit, againsy oft ouforeigr common competitionn country,. as the basis of the independence 188 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

The report of the Auditor, which will be laid before you, will exhibit a comprehensive view of the financial resources, and general revenue of the State.—There remained in the Treasury, on the 15th of November last, $159,250—$90,000 thereof being School Funds, is drawing six per cent interest. This fund, the interest upon which is guaranteed by the State, is daily increasing, and by thefirst of January next, will probably amount of $150,000. The sinking fund, $60,000, remains unimpaired; to which may be added the surplus revenue of 1829, and 30, say $30,000; making a total of $240,000, that will remain in the Treasury inactive, unless otherwise provided for, by the Legislature. Believing that a due regard for the interest of the State, requires some disposition to be made of these funds, I respectfully recommend that the whole amount be invested in some productive stock. There was received into the Treasury, before the 30th November last, on account of sales made at the Land Offices at Tiffin and Piqua, of lands granted by the United States, to aid this State in tbe payment of her Canal debts, the Sum of $36,792.00; which will probably be increased by the amount received at Piqua, for the last quarter'npt paid, to $40,000. Whilst the State is realizing the benefits of this grant, it should not neglect that intended to aid the extension of the Miami Canal from Dayton to the Maumee bay; I therefore respectfully suggest the propriety of adopting such measures as will secure to the State the full benefit of this valuable donation. The proper time for the revaluation of lands subject to taxation, is a question of much importance, that may engage your attention.—When the present system was adopted, it was expected to remain unchanged until the Canals should be completed, after which it was believed a new assessment could be made, that would not soon require a change. If any property has been left out of view which ought to be taxed, it may be added to the grand list without the expense of a revaluation. During the past year, the pardoning power of the Executive was exer­ cised in behalf of a criminal, under sentence 6f death, for the crime of murder, committed, as was alleged by the petitioners for his pardon, under the influence of a mental malady occasioned by intemperance. Fully persuaded that the prisoner had been, and continued in a state of mental alienation, and that it would be unsafe to turn him loose upon -society, he was placed in the State Prison under the provision of the act, 'to provide for the safe keeping of persons reprieved by the Governor,' where he remains, with a mind still deranged. As cases of a like kind may arise, I advise that provision be made by law to ascertain with more •certainty, the existence of this description of malady-—also for the con­ finement of such as are rendered by its influence dangerous to society. Intemperance is an evil as fruitful of misery as of crime; and its ruinous consequences, though often visible, cannot be computed. The convicts of our prison, four-fifths of whom are ascertained to have been its victims, present but an insignificant portion of the depravity and misery produced by its destructive'influence; but it may;'well be doubted how far the severe punishment of its crimes will arrest the progress, or avert the calamities of this great, evil. There is much reason to conclude that the application of correctives to its source will be found more effectual. The moral energies of the country have been awakened to the importance of this subject; and powerful efforts are making to arreSt. by the force of public, sentiment, the progress of this destructive vice. For the reforma- . tion of this wide spread evil, as a salutary work, the people have a right to expect the countenance and support of their Representatives. It is true, our elevated notions of personal liberty, which should ever be cherished while they tend to exalt and not debase the man, are opposed to the enactment, and render the execution of laws difficult, that tend to abridge our rights. Such enactments are nevertheless useful and often necessary; and it is a matter of equal surprise and regret, that no provision has been made by law to secure to the families of habitual drunkards, the Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 189 property necessary to their subsistence, to which they have' equal, and often superior claims, to him who dissipates it in the indulgence of a vicious 'appetite. I repeat and respectfully urge the recommendation upon this subject, made to the Legislature by my venerable predecessor: that the tax on retailers of distilled spirits be increased; and that effectual means be devised to suppress, through the medium of our grand juries, such disorderly.houses as tend to corrupt the public morals. At the last session of the Legislature, after a patient examination of the concerns and condition of the Penitentiary, a resolution was adopted, which authorized the Governor to obtain a detailed plan of the construc­ tion, discipline and management of the New York and Pennsylvania Penitentiaries, and to lay the same before the present Legislature. No information has been received from the last name4 State. Tbe Governor of New York has politely forwarded documents, containing a full history of the Auburn Prison, which he represents as being, not only the most perfect in its construction, discipline and management, but the, only one of the New York Prisons, that deserves to be considered as a model. Intelligent men, who have examined the New York and Pennsylvania Prisons, concur in the opinion, that no one of them has so far succeeded in effecting the great objects of punishment, as that at Auburn. ' It will, therefore, be the less regretted, that all the information called for by the resolution, has not been obtained. I persuade myself, that the informa­ tion contained in the documents herewith enclosed, (No. 1), will enable you to prescribe those improvements so often recommended, as necessary to the success of our own institution—the present condition of which will be reported by the Keeper. The culture of Hemp in Ohio, has attracted much public attention; and our farmers, without experience, upon the subject, have been anxious to obtain a knowledge of the most approved method of growing and pre­ paring it for market. To supply this information, the Legislature, at their last session, authorized the Governor to obtain the best treatise upon the growth and manufacture of this article, with such other informa­ tion as he might deem useful to the farming and manufacturing interests of the State, and report the same to thQ present General Assembly. I herewith transmit the information obtained, (Doc. No. 2) I suggest the propriety of carefully collating those papers, and publishing from them, in pamphlet form, such parts as may bei deemed important to our agri­ cultural public. Our soil is fertile, and much pf it well adapted to the growth of Hemp; and our farmers, if informed of the best method, will be able to cultivate it, as advantageously, as the citizens of the most favored section of the Union. ' In order to supply the present General Assembly with the information relative to the Report of the Quartermaster General, of the 13th of December, 1828, which a resolution of the 12th February last, required to be laid before them, the Commandants of Division were called upon to report to the. Adjutant General, upon all. matters referred to in said resolution. Full returns have not been received—when made, the result, together with thd proceedings of the Quartermaster General in relation to the distribution of f he public arms, for the past year, will be communicated. I avail myself of this occasion to inform you, that a new and splendid Map- of Virginia, and neat Maps of Missouri and New Jersey, jolitely presented to Ohio, have been received, through the Executive officers of those States. Allow me, gentlemen, in conclusion, to recommend in the discharge of your public duties, a Spirit of forbearance and moderation; and the exercise of that patriotism which will control local objects, sectional jealousies, and party distinctions, and bring all into harmonious subjection to the public good. COLUMBUS, Dec. 9,1829. ALLEN TRIMBLE. 190 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Governor's Message.] We have been politely favoured by our Representative, John Patterson, Esq., with a copy of the Message of Governor Trimble to both branches of the General Assembly. We return our thanks to Mr.- Patterson for the favor conferred, and take great pleasure in presenting it to our Patrons in ourfirst number . The friends of Internal Improvement will undoubtedly feel much grat­ ified with the information contained in the Message. The flourishing condition of the Miami Canal, is an incident in the history of this state, that claims general attention. The prospect in favor of the Erie and Ohio Canal is truly flattering. In the accomplishment of the present prosperity of the Canals in this state, Governor Trimble has been an active and useful instrument. His fame is in a great measure identified with the 'system.' As a member of the Senate, his energy and influence were exerted with great force towards its establishment, and as chief Magistrate he has been indefatigable in the support of its progress. , It is hoped that his successor will be equally efficient in the discharge of every duty. Few men have been able to administer the Government of a state for so great a length of time as Governor Trimble has administered the govern­ ment of this state, and especially when the .political excitement of the time is considered, without encountering moA of opposition or disappro­ bation. There are but few men • cocupying the station he does in the political world, whose conduct can be assailed with such little prospect of success; nor is it conceded that this is the result of any consideration of [Louis Dwight to Gov. Trimble.] unimportance attached to the measures of his administration, but of a happy facility for which he is distinguishedBOSTON, of compromisin, Decemberg 23difficultie, 1829. s DEAR SIR: I Send herewith a series of the Reports of the Prison and reconciling jarring sentiments. Discipline Society. The facts and documents and plans of prisons, con­ tained in these four Reports, are the results of the labors of the last five years, during which journeys of many thousand miles have been performed and all the principal prisons, in thirteen States, have been minutely examined, and the best of them several times. This series of Reports is now in press, on stereotype plates, and will be ready for delivery, on, or about the 1st of January. They are now stereotyped, because they are out of print, and the demand is increasing for them from England, Germany, France, South America, and the Southern and Western States. Thefirst Report has gone through five editions, and the second has been reprinted, with slight omissions in England. The Legislatures of Maine, Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey, have purchased them, in different years, for the use of the members, and the State of Connecticut, availing itself of the advantages pointed out in the Reports, in regard to the construction and discipline of Prisons, is already saving more than $11,000 annually, in the. keeping of about 130 convicts. My object in sending these Reports^ and this communication, to the Governor of Ohio, is to offer to the Legislature any number,of this series of Reports, in a volume of 330 pages, done up in the style of that which accompanies "this letter, from the stereotype plates, for the use of the members, for 50 cts. a copy. The Legislature of Maine purchased 300 copies of the 2d Report, for 20 cts. a copy; "the Legislature of Massa­ chusetts, 500 copies of the same for 15 cts.; and the Legislature of New York, 250 copies for 20 cts.; the Legislature of New Jersey, 100 copies of the 1st and 2d for 25 cts.; and the Legislature of Massachusetts, 500 copies of the 3d, and 600 copies of the 4th, for 25 cts. a copy. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 191

The Reports of the three last years contain about 100 pages each, and thefirst about 50 pages. At the rate, therefore, at which we have sold thenl to Legislatures, thus far, the series ought to be sold for 75 cts., but in consequence of the improvements, in printing on the power press, we are able to furnish them at 50 cts., which differs very little from the actual cost. But we offer them, at this rate for the' purpose of dissem­ inating the information, and promoting more. speedily the general improvement of Prisons. I am, dear sir, very respectfully, your friend and obedient servant, Louis DWIGHT, Secretary of the Prison Discipline Society. [Judge Jacob Burnet to Gov. Trimble.] WASHINGTON CITY, February 28, 1830. About the National Road, the New Act, Committee on Roads and Canals doubtful how they will report. It is understood that they are divided in opinion; they do not all think exactly alike on the merits of the application. You have probably noticed a resolution offered by me on the subject of the grant for the benefit of the Miami Canal. I sent a • copy of the bill to be handed you. I think it probable that the bill will pass. We shall have a long session. The appropriation to pay-the pub­ lic printers exceeds the last long session about $29,000. The allowance for making the census has been in the House, about one- third, and the friends of the Administration in the Senate have proposed to add to it about as much more. If they succeed that operation will cbst the nation about two hundred thousand dollars more than the cost of the last. The Senate has not yet settled on any of the nominations' to supply vacancies produced by removals. From MacajaYours hver F.y Williams respectfully, of Cincinnati, , wefind amon g thJe. correspondBURNET. ­ ence of f&eneral Trimble eight letters and one letter of introduction to William Bayard, Esq., New York, presenting Gov. E. A. Brown, Mr. Ebenezer Buckingham, and General Allen Trimble, Commissioners of the "Canal Fund" of Ohio, who are amongst thefirst citizens and who bring with them the evidence that they have the full confidence of the people and - of the Government o'f Ohio." This is dated,' Cincinnati, Feb. 15, 1825. The other letters date Feb. 21, 1822; June 29, 1822; August 15, 1822; Sept. 6, 1824; April, 1824 (from Zanesville); August 10, 1824; March 13, 1829; August 15, 1830 (from Chillicothe). Feb. 21, in the year 1822, Mr, Williams says in regard to the appoint­ ment of Mr. Atwater as a member of the School Committee that he had •conversed with Nathan Guilford, Esq., on the subject whom he found to be "zealously in favor of the object of the appointment." "Indeed," says Mr. Williams, "I know of no other person with equal qualifications." I am highly gratified to find that the proposed examination into the practicability of canal navigation between Lake Erie and the Ohio River during the ensuing season meets with very general approval throughout this part of the State as I have no doubt it does from the intelligent part of :a community in every part of the state. A general interest seems to be felt in the appointment of the engineer and in the meeting of the Com­ missioners. I feel anxious that the gentlemen who opposed us with so much zeal should by the time we meet again have the Satisfaction of seeing some physical evidences that everything is not vision and phantom; but that there is a substantial prospect of carrying the provisions of the law1 into effect. 'The result of the question of practicability from actual survey and that there are those who, regardless of the appalling cry of 'aerial visions,' 'phantoms of the imagination,' 'South Sea schemes,' etc., are determined to proceed until the question of 'ways and means' is 192 Correspondeuce of Allen Trimble.

ascertained. I am very sensible that no incentives to your zeal on this- subject are necessary. We have just learned of the death of John H. Piatt at Washington City." With sentiments of esteem, your friend, M. T. WILLIAMS. (I make selections from these letters again:) CINCINNATI, June 29, 1822. ESTEEMED FRIEND: The course pursued by T. Worthington in relation to the engineer as suggested by you would have given me great surprise had I not been previously prepared from an attentive observation of his character to expect anything from him which could reasonably be expected from an insidious and underhanded enemy to the project. If, however, the enemies should think proper to continue operations with a view to a final defeat of the project; its friends must increase their vigilance. A' liberal and enlarged scope of policy must govern the interests of the State and the western country at large. These must not be impeded in their progress or endangered by the interference of local interests or sectional feelings. I cannot conceive how much difficulty can arise should it be found practicable to cross the summit level about the center of the State. I do not believe that many "well informed persons of the eastern part of the state expect to attempt to descend to the Ohio on the east of the Scioto. It is my impression that Messrs. Tappan and Kelly have no serious idea of that course being found a proper one. As to the particular routes through the west end of the State, that must be left to the investigation now pending. We must be liberal and magnanimous amongst ourselves and must unite in support of such routes as may be pronounced most eligible. (Then Mr. Williams gives his own impression). I commenced only wit[Mr.h th Williamse intentio ton Gov.of speakin Trimble.]g of the gentleman from Ross, their views, and their manner of operatinCINCINNATIg on th, Auguse publit c15 mind, 1822. . ESTEEMEA hasty anD FRIENDd indigeste: Youd scrolr favol fror mo fhi ths friende 7th., inst. , waM. sT .dul WILLIAMSy received. . I yet feel strong hopes that the middle route will not be abandoned. It is in my opinion the most interesting route because it would be more easy to unite the various and opposite interests in the Legislature upon it. But Mr. Geddes will give us further information respecting the whole- ground of investigation by the time the Legislature meets. I have had no other evidence than what I wrote last week of opposition. Even this, however, has been sufficient to array against me the batteries of the hero of Tippecanoe, and has no doubt had its influence on . If these things are so it very clearly evinces a smallness in our great folk. In the investigation last winter of the Miami University question I also had to examine tbe agency of Judge Symmes in the alienation of the original townsbip from the people of the purchase. These things united, I appre­ hend, have had their agency, in producing what is complained of. I have conversed with several gentlemen on the subject of the guber­ natorial election. The opinion and feeling of the members from the Reserve and eastern part of the State as expressed to me last winter, and in May that Mr. Morrow will not get a general support in that part of the - State. The opinion is that Mr. Morrow will be more generally supported in this part of the State than any other man who could be started as a candidate. Mr. Collins expressed his satisfaction at your being a candi­ date and will promote your success as far as he can; in which sentiment I most heartily concur. I have no doubt your prospects will be good in other sections of the State and I trust you will feel assured that I shall be gratified in proportion to your success. Mr, Morrow is so long and so well known in this part of the country he will undoubtedly take the- lead in it. M. T.. WILLIAMS. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 193

In a letter of Sep. 6, 1824, Mr. Williams says: The Senate of the United States is operating a greater influence on our county election in Hamilton than the compensation bill. I voted for Brown three years ago* when to have voted for General Harrison would have elected Worthington. The truth is understood that the General wishes a young favorite to succeed who can be relied upon to support him for the Senate of the U. S.° So little with them is the Canal policy regarded that, etc. Your prospects here are improving. Yours sincerely, M. T. WILLIAMS. Again in April, ,1824, Zanesville: I arrived at this place a few days since from our camp on Licking between this and Newark. * * * * The next meeting of the Legislature will truly be an interesting crisis in the history of our State. The attention of the whole nation is turned toward the operations that are going on in Ohio. Much interest is felt by the liberal and en­ lightened in every State for our success. Our presses show too much indifference. The Presidential question with them seems to occupy their whole attention. Can you not set some of your friends at work on the cause. The public intelligence would decide correctly. In ten days more we shall be ready to commence the Walnut St. and Scioto line to Portsmouth. We expect a Mr. Price in a short time from the New York service to take charge of a second locating party. Again, on August 10, 1824, from Cincinnati, Mr. Williams writes: I reached home a few days since from our party engaged between Dayton and Hamilton in the locations of the western line. And have observed the name of Thomas Worthington announced as a candidate for Governor. * * * * I trust you will not change your course in consequence of it. From my intercourse with the people of the State for the last six months I am of the opinion that with Morrow alone you can but succeed. And I do hope friends of the great feature of policy intended to be passed will maintain their ground and not diverted from their original policy by . He unquestionably has no hopes of success himself. He can have no other motive than to prevent, if he can, your success by a division. The leading men "assure me you would beat him two to one. I am informed he has returned from New York overflowing with zeal in favor of the Canal. He has just made the discovery that the State can procure funds without difficulty in New York, and if you will only let him alone, he will get the money and all kinds of stuff, just as if the State had no information on the subject before. There are, however, a great many in this part of the country who will vote for M. because he is Jeremiah Morrow and know no other reason. [M. T. Williams to Gov. Trimble.] CINCINNATI, March 13, 1829. DEAR SIR: I enclosed you a certified copy of an agreement of the Board of Canal Commissioners with Mr. Seely for the purchase of a piece of ground at Dayton on £hich to apply to hydraulic uses the water drawn from Mad River for the necessary supply of the Canal, and a request in behalf of the Board your assent thereto. If you concur with the Board in relation to the agreement please indorse your assent on the» certified copy of the order and return to me by return mail to this place. I am much mortified to state to you that a serious breach in the Canal north of this place occurred yesterday, produced probably by the late sever* Thee frostsdeath. o f SenatoI am,r wit Wmh. mucA. Trimbleh respect, in, 1821 you, occasioner friendd, a vacancy in the Senate which was filled by Gov. Ethan A. Brown, and General Allen TrimbleM. T., WILLIAMS then Speake. r of the House, became Acting Governor. 194 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

CHILLICOTHE, August, 15, 1830. [M. T. Williams to Gov. Trimble.] DEAR SIR: I have contracted with John Gregg for the purchase-in behalf of the State, for hydraulic purposes, of the one-fourth part of '• '•—, 33 acres of land situated on Lock No. 4 below Mid- dletown on the Miami Canal for the sum of $150, which requires your assent to enable me to fulfill the arrangement. The site is a valuable one the surplus water being very considerable and the lift of the lock 10 feet. Yours with much respect, M. T. WILLIAMS. WASHINGTON, February 22, 1830. DEAR SIR: Your favor has been received, and I set down the following list of books, out of which you may be able to select, perhaps, a few volumes. Burnet's History of the Reformation, 3 Vol.; Wordsworth's Ecclesiastical Biography, 6 Vol.; Limborch's History of the Inquisition, 2 Vol.; History of the Crusades, by C. Mills, 3 Vol.; Bingharh's Antiquities of the Christian Church, 2 Vol.; Fletcher's Checks, Wesley's Sermons, Life of St. Paul, by Fletcher, Bridaines Sermons, Hannah Moore's Works, Simpson's Plea, Bonnet's Enquiries, and Davis's Sermons. An angry debate in the Senate has grown out of a resolution respecting the surveys of the public,lands, which will probably continue for several days, although it has engaged the Senate for some weeks. As no good can result from this debate, I regret it, as it will be the means of producing excitement. The gentlemen who filloffice s here, begin to find, that they are not enjoying the quiet which some of them anticipated. My friends here advised me to suffer the report of my successor to pass without notice. It has nowhere produced much, if any effect. I have seen no paper which highly commended, whilst many assailed it. It is sometimes better to submit to an injury than to resent it. If a man attempts to defend himself against every accusation, if he happens to occupy an important or conspicuous position, he will have enough to do. He must, occasionally, rest upon his own character for a refutation of charges made against him. The means of a most complete refutation, will always be at my command, if any circumstances hereafter should render it necessary. Some of the nominations may probably be influested, on grounds of objections to the individuals nominated, and I apprehend an interesting discussion will be had in the Senate, before the close of this session on the power of the President to make removals, during the recess of the Senate. Such has been the construction of the constitution, and the practice of the Convention. I should like, myself, to see the President relieved from this responsibility, and I -think that by a correct construc­ tion of the constitution he ought to consult the Senate in making removals as well as in appointments. He might have-power to suspend in the recess of the Senate, and submit the cause of suspension for the appro­ bation of that body. JNO. MCLEAN. ' Under date of March 14, 1830: . The passage of the tariff resolution, the rejection of the resolution complimentary to General Jackson and his message, the failure of almost every party project attempted this winter are events which, considering the decided Jackson majority, may seem extraordinary and such as could hardly have been anticipated at the commencement of the season. They show to my mind that men still preserve their reason, and that it is hard to carry through any scheme or uninterested proscription where nothing is sought but the elevations of one set of men and the depression of another on violent party principles. I have not myself- read entirely, either the speeches of Mr. Webster or Mr. Hayne, and though as a matter of course I am with Mr. Webster, yet I feel something like regret at the sentiments of hostile feelings and sectional difference that seem to exist among the heads of the nation. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 195

It is now four years since I have had the happiness of serving you in public business and during this time on my part the respect which I might at the commencement of our acquaintance have felt for Your Excellency has grown into a feeling of personal attachment and esteem. It is with the utmost regret, therefore, that I see approaching the close of your period of public service. I believe I have labored successfully; my first annual return increased the militia of the State nearly six thousand.. With every sentiment of respect and attachment, yours, SAMUEL C. ANDREWS. A letter on the subject of "the National road from Zanesville west at least- to the Wabash would be incomparably more advantage if con­ verted into a railway and that this might be effected at an expense per mile not exceeding that of the macadamized road west of the Ohio River," written from Harrison, Hamilton Co., Ohio, Sept., 1828, and signed by N. Crookshank, must be of great importance if one judges of its value by its length. Mr. Wm. Creighton, Jr., wrote regarding Mr. Renick, Aug. 1, 1827, very favorably. [David Barton to Gov. Trimble.] WASHINGTON, March 18, 1830. DERA SIR: It is proper that you should know, and if you choose, that your constituents should know, that the report respecting your canal lands purporting to have been made by me, which I believe Judge Burnet is about to send you, was drawn entirely by Judge Burnet, at my request, and reported, by consent of committee as drawn. These things should ke known as they really are. But this statement is not made with the knowledge of the Judge, who would probably not seek any disclosure. Yours respectfully, DAVID BARTON. In 1830 Hon. Wm. Creighton, Jr., writes to Governor Trimble from Washington: "You will see by the paper that the President has been compelled to show his hand on the subject of internal improvement. The disguise is laid off. The old Jackson party in Congress is completely broken up. The rumor is the South agrees to run him a second time if- he would put his cuts on the Maysville road." [Charles C. Paine to Gov. Trimble.] PAINESVILLE, April 17, 1830. SIR: In consequence of the death of Maj. Gen. Bond, the command of the Ninth Division Ohio Militia devolves on me as the Senior Brigadier General. I see by the 8th Section of the Second Article of the Constitu­ tion of this State, the Governor has a right tofill th e vacancy of Major General. I have, therefore, thought proper to request you, if you deem it advisable to send me a commission in order that a Brigadier General may be elected in my stead, and I will trust luck for my election by the Legislature. With great respect, your obedient servant, CHARLES C. PAINE. [Joseph D. Garrard to Gov. Trimble.] CINCINNATI, May 3, 1830. Judge Goodnow having determined to resign his office of Judge of the Supreme Court it becomes necessary for an immediate appointment to fill the vacancy. I therefore take the opportunity as a member of the bar of the State to suggest to Your Excellency the propriety of nom­ inating for that office, Calvin Pease. The long experience of the Judge, added to the efficient and satisfactory manner in which he has heretofore discharged the duties of that office, recommend him to you and the con­ fidence of the community generally. 196 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

I know not who may be recommended, but I am confident that none will be more acceptable to the people generally and the profession than judge Pease. Aside from his qualifications, his individual circumstances Eresent a strong claim to a preference. He is now advanced in life and is means of comfortable living rather slender, for one who has devoted so large a portion of his.life to the public for a very small compensation. You are no doubt apprised that the Circuit has commenced and that the whole business must be suspended until another is appointed. < I am very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH D. GARRARD. [C. Hammond to Gov. Trimble.]... CINCINNATI, May 3, 1830. DEAR SIR: I learned at Steubenville, a few days ago, that Judge Pease was attempting to obtain practice at the bar, assigning as a reason that he must do something to live. This, with me, is one reason why I wish him appointed in Mr. Goodnow's place. We haye not obtained a general recommendation of the bar and for this reason there are certain controversies here about property most of which have been settled by decision. Some of the bar dislike Pease on account of these decisions. Others wish to have a new Judge, in the hope of overturning the estab­ lished decision. This partial feeing I think ought not to operate upon the appointing power. 1 The shortest route in point of time, to Warren, is to proceed to Wheeling in the stage, from thence on horseback by SteubenvillCINCINNATIe, Mato Warreny 28, 1830, o.r if a steamboaDEAR SIRt :b e Wate hand hav,e bnoy thenct yete treceiveo the moutd anh yo fdirec Beavert informatio. n that Judge PeasRespectfulle has refusedy yours,, t o accept the appointment of CSuprem. HAMMONDe Judge. . There is, however, much reason to fear he will not take it, as we see in the Warren paper of the 20th, a notice that he had not accepted. It is of vital importance to this place, and to us, that we should have a Court, which must meet here on the 7th of June. With this object in view, and fearing that it would be difficult to prevail upon a gentleman you would be willing to appoint to accept the office, we have consulted with William Greene, Esq., who has agreed to accept and perform the duties. If no other arrangement is made by which we can be assured of a court, we will be very glad if Mr. Greene could be appointed, and the Commission reach here by the 7th. Will you be good enough to inform us what is likely to be done in this business, by the return mail? We are, respectfully yours, C. HAMMOND, BELLAMY STORER, CHARLES FOX, NATHAN GUILFORD. JOSEPH D. GARRARD, [Benj. Page, Jr., and John McLeajt to Gov. Trimble.] CINCINNATI, June 10, 1830. SIR: We beg leave to unclose the Cincinnati Christian Journal, of the 18th, inst., by which you will learn, that an association of Christians in this place, of different denominations have organized into a Society styled "The Cincinnati Bethel Union," and chosen you their President. We are a Committee, appointed by said Society, to solicit your accept­ ance of said appointment, and, we beg leave to refer you to the publica­ tion above alluded to, and to the enclosed pamphlet, for general informa­ tion as to our objects, believing, that they will meet with your Christian sympathy, and cordial approbation, as you will see, the grand aim of the Union is to carry the Gospel of the Divine Saviour to a useful class of our fellow citizens, who, from various circumstances, growing out of their occupation, uniting with the natural proneness of the human heart to depart from God, are seldom seen to enter his house. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 197

The. great success of the labors of this Union, amongst seamen, in different parts of our country, and of the world, gives encouragement to the friends of the Redeemer's cause, (when similar labors are prosecuted on the Western Waters), to look for similar blessings, amongst boatmen. With sentiments of respect and consideration, in behalf'of the Cincin­ nati Bethel Union.'. Your Excellency's obedient servants, BBNJ. PAGE, JR., JOHN MCLEAN. [Allen Trimble to Page and McLean.] June 25, 1830. GENTLEMEN: I have informed them of the receipt of the letter and I beg you to assure the Society that I am duly sensible'of the obligations •' they have laid me under by this mark of there partiality, and I regret-' that it will not be convenient for me to render those services' which an acceptance of the appointment would impose. I must, therefore, as I . do not wish to take any appointment the duties of which I cannot attend to, decline to accept the position which you have so politely solicited me to do. With my best wishes for the success of every measure which has for its object the improvement and happiness of the human race, I subscribe myself with great respect, your most obedient, [Wm. Key Bond to Gov. Trimble.] ALLEN TRIMBLE. CHILLICOTNE, August 16, 1830. DEAR SIR: I have received your letter of the 13th. inst., and unless prevented by something not now anticipated, will be in Hillsborough as requested. Very respectfully yours, WM. KEY BOND. [Samuel C. Andrews to Gov. Trimble.] COLUMBUS, 0., October 30, 1830 DEAR SIB: We have now received the return of votes from all the Western Reserve Counties, and ascertain that General McArthur is elected by a very fair majority. Considerable anxiety prevails and pre­ vailed for a time owing to a report that Anti-Masonry was operating against the Clay ticket, and that the people in some parts of the Reserve were voting under a mistake, for Lucas: supposing him not to be a Mason. The return of vo^es, however, from all the Counties, except the County of Ashtabula, disproved this, they all, except this County, giving a very full vote, for McArthur. From the returns from Ashtabula, it would seem that Anti-Masonry operated considerably as the whole number of votes given in this populous County for Governor did not reach 750. Lucas, however, got only 31 votes in this County. General McArthur's majority at this time is 2,400 and the vote stands thus: McArthur, 50,382; Lucas, 47,982. Dark, Hancock, Munro, Mercer, Union—Thesefive Countie s are to be heard from, which cannot very greatly change the result as above stated to Your Excellency. This great political victory resulting in a majority on joint ballot, and the election of the Clay Governor for us, is an event certainly as important as it was unexpected. It must have an extensive operation abroad; at home it has already produced some good fruits, particularly at Columbus. The partnership between Lazell & Bryan, having been immediately dis­ solved, upon the fact being ascertained,—Bryan still continues however, as the Editor, with a small salary. He has opened a law office. I suppose the Five Counties yet to be heard from on the vote for Governor, cannot in all give more than 600 majority against us. I think this will be making a most liberal allowance; if so, a clean and clear majority will be 1800, taking it at this estimate. Most Respectfully and Sincerely Yours, SAMUEL C. ANDREWS. 19S Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Allen Trimble to Samuel Rumrey, et al.] .

HILLSBORO, OHIO, 8th of March, 1828. GENTLEMEN: The Invitation which you have addressed to me by order of the Board of Trustees arid Faculty of the Medical College of Ohio, to attend the Commencement to be holden on the 11th inst., has been duly received. The intollerable and almost impassible condition of the roads, from this place, to Cincinnati, I hope will be deemed a'sufficient Apology, for. not complying with the Invitation. • i am Most Respectfully, Your most Obediently, ALLEN TRIMBLE-

[J. L. Taylor to Gov. Trimble.] COLUMBUS, O., 5 P. M., December 24, 18,30. MY DEAR SIR: You set out this morning, contrary to all my expecta­ tions last evening while I was at Judge Swan's party. There'was a large company there, of Judges, Lawyers, Legislators and ladies; and during the evening, I frequently conversed with Mr. Weilley, Col. Mason and others upon the subject of a dinner to Your Excellency on Monday next, which subject was proposed by them and as I thought in our private conversation perfectly understood. I "was under the impression that some one of them would certainly pre­ vail on you to decline starting today, and thought that you would be formally invited to tarry until Monday next. But when I went to your room this morning, I found you had gone. Had you been requested at an earlier period to accept some mark of respect of the kind above men­ tioned, I should most cordially have seconded the movement of the gentlemen. Gov. McArthur gives a large dinner party tomorrow, and the Judges and many of the members of the Legislature are to be there. Nothing has been done in the Legislature today. The House will be opened for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum tomorrow, and the Senate does not Sit till Monday next. I find my mind continually occupied about the election of a Senator to represent this State in Congress. I am still persuaded if we could.have detained you here we should have concentrated the wishes of the Clay Party, but we are now much divided. Time alone can determine what will be the result. I am quite unwell, and must ask an apology for my hastily written letter, promising to give you a detail of events as they may occur. In haste, yours most truiy, COLUMBUS, Feb.J . 18L., TAYLOR1831. . News has just arrived in town that David Pew has succeeded with General Jackson in getting the course of the National road changed. I believe it is a positive fact, it is to pass by his farm and to come in on the street where Doherty lives. I am not joking. Davy Pew has, without doubt, achieved all this personally with General Jackson. It has occasioned a good deal of excitement in the South part of the town. General Flomony and I remain single. I suppose you have heard that General F. has become a member of Mr. Hoges' Church. Ever truly yours, SAM'L. C. ANDREWS. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 199

[Henry Dana Ward to Allen Trimble.] NEW YORK, 13th, August, 1831. HON. ALLEN TRIMBLE: DEAR SIR: One of your constituents as the late Governor of Ohio, to whom at one time was entrusted the education of your sons, marked and approved your course in public life, and who knows and respects your personal worth, and private virtues, takes the liberty now to address you. I learned from my upright friend, Dyer Burgess, that you disapprove of Freemasonry. Your trie.d and acknowledged patriotism lead me to hope that you also consent to the use of wise, legal and constitutional measures to abolish the secret an titled order, which constitutes a gov­ ernment within our states, co-exterisive with, and modelled in some meas­ ure upon our National Government. It cannot be unknown to you, that a host of Freemen have arrayed themselves against the Masonic order, demanding its dissolution and abolition. In the name of those Freemen a convention of Delegates from eleven states, at Philadelphia, 11th, of Sept., last, publicly im­ peached the Masonic institution of requiring, instigating, and concealing the highest crimes against both human and divine laws; they also called another convention to meet in Baltimore, 26th, Sept., next, and ap­ pointed a committee of National Correspondence, by whose advice I have the honor to present you this. In regarding the men whose public services make their opinions upon this subject valuable to the nation, and whose retirement gives them freedom to speak the thoughts they entertain without great embarrass­ ment, few in the country present higher claims to respectful attention than yourself. It would gratify me personally, and subserve the in­ terests of virtue and of our country generally, to know that you approve of the use of those means, which the constitution and the laws in their most equitable construction allow, for abolishing the nurseries of delusion and crime, almost universally established in the form of Freemasonry. -If consistent with your views of duty, I shall be happy to receive the free expression of your opinions upon this subject—and there may be circumstances under which I should take it as an additional favor to the cause an[Luked to th Tiernane country et ,al, to to hav Allene you Trimble.]r permissio n to present your opinions to the gentlemen who willBALTIMORE assemble , aOctobet Baltimorer 9, 1831, from. , at DEAleasRt fifteen SIR: W statese hop,e anitd ions noe tTerritory necessar,y tfoo rnominat the advocatee candidats ofe virfo­r tuouPresidens Nationat andl Vicprinciplee Presidents to offe, orf an thye apolog Uniteyd inState addressins in behalg a welf olf know Antin- politicamasonryl ,friend of the, lawon san anyd subjecof our tcommo connecten countrd wityh the views and objects of our party, or the generaWitl hwelfar very egrea of out respectr country, .HENR Y DANA WARD. With feeling of very deep regret we have heard it widely suggested, and in some instances the opinion has found its way into the newspapers, that our friends in Indiana and Illinois, and particularly in Ohio would de­ cline (notwithstanding their preliminary movement) the sending of Delegates to the National Republican Convention proposed to be held in Baltimore in December next. The reason we have,heard assigned for this change of intention, on the part of our friends,in Ohio, are that they considered it as a conceded point, that the National Convention would be restricted in its choice to the nomination of Mr. Clay, and that fearing from the late expression of public sentiment in Kentucky, that this gentleman might not be carried througout the Union, they did not wish at so early a period to confine the National nomination to him. 200 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

Since the elevation of the present Incumbent to the Presidency we have always thought, and are still decidedly of the opinion that Mr. Clay is the strongest and most prominent candidate connected with our party. We believe in common with our friends that his talents, his experience, his political principles, his public services and virtue and his private worth, all combine to render him thefirst choice not only of our party but of the Nation. '" • \ We sincerely believe also, that the national interest, as well as moral principle, and political justice imperiously require the nomination of Mr. Clay at the hands of his friends; for they have sincerely sympathized with him in the midst of base and unprincipled persecutions, and they feel a just pride in admiring his talents and honoring his political and moral virtues. For these reasons we still hope that Mr. Clay will receive the unanimous vote of the convention. But as our views are strictly national and patriotic, we may say with all and personal feeling towards Mr. Clay, that should it appear, at the hour of deliberation, that any other enlightenment and virtuous Can­ didate of orthodox political creed shall, unquestionably, be more ac­ ceptable to the nation, we think from the nature of our principles, and from the object of the convention that the delegates should not only feel at liberty, but that it will become their duty to support such a can­ didate. We conceive that the object of this Convention is to deliberate freely and with a proper spirit of respect and compromise towards our political friends from every part of the Union. First, as it respects the prop­ riety and expediency of a nomination; and secondly, if a nomination should be decided on, to give the full force both moral and political of this convention, to some candidate who shall combine in his character all the requisites, necessary to form an able, honest, and efficient Chief Magistrate. Upon such an occasion, and for such an object to re­ strict our selection to any one individual, would be to fall into the worst error of bur opponents, and to become what we have so often deprecated in them, personal rather than national politicians. We believe that it will be the privilege, as well as the duty of the National Convention, to take a liberal and expanded view of the talents and character of our country, and whenever we can find a candidate, uniting a majority of our views with the greatest prospect of official success, towards such a candidate, Without regard to persons, should be directed the unanimous support of the convention. We are actuated by the same views and influenced by the same in­ ducements—the welfare and honor of our common country; and unless a large majority of the States be fully and ably represented in this con­ vention, it will materially diminish the moral and political influence of our nomination. We sincerely desire to unite with our political friends in checking the present misrule in our national affairs; and with a proper and zealous co-operation, on their part, we hope to overcome even the 50,000 majority against us in Pennsylvania. With this view of the sub­ ject, and we sincerely think it a just and proper one, we hope that we shall not lose the important support of our enlightened and highly es­ teemed friends in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. We shall hail their rep­ resentation in the National Republican convention as one of the most auspicious circumstances connected with its patriotic objects. We repeat it as our opinion, that the nomination emanating from the proposed convention, will be more or less influential in proportion to the extent.of the representation. From information received from every quarter of the Union, we are convinced of the necessity of embodying our principles; and this can in no way be so well effected as by a national nomination. Unless we have *.eal and unison in our ranks, it is in vain to hope for success, and with these we may bid defiance to our opponents. New York and Pennsylvania will be certainly represented in the con­ vention, and Virginia has already chosen delegates. We hope, therefore Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 201

that Ohio, Illinois and Indiana will follow the example of these great States and earnestly co-operate with us in reforming the moral and pol­ itical vices of the national administration. As a zealous member of our party, we invite you by every principle connected with its existence, to use your utmost endeavors and effect and early appointment of dele­ gates to the National Republican Convention not only in Ohio, but from the Sister States of Indiana and Illinois. The full force of your example and voice will be felt in the convention, and with feelings of very high respect we sincerely hope through your exertions, and those of your friends generally in Ohio), to learn of the early appointment of Delegates to the National Convention. We re­ ly with confidence on your patriotism in promoting the great and im­ portant objects of the National Republican Party of the Union. Respectfully, Sir, your obedient Servant, etc., LUKE TIERNAN, H. NIBS', JOSHUA MEDTZER, CHAS. F. MAYER, NATH'L B. F. WILLIAMS, W. H. FREEMAN, JAMES HERWOOD. [Henry Dana Ward to Allen Trimble.] NEW YORK, 24th, Dec. 1831. HON. ALLEN TRIMBLE, Hillsboro, Highland Co., O.: DEAR SIR: Your favor of last October came in due time. I read it with great interest. I knew not how to reply at once. The press­ ing occasion had passed, and I have delayed almost to the loss of my opportunity, for seeing your honored name among the Gentlemen at Baltimore 11th inst., who recommended Mr. Clay, I dare not presume that Anti-Masonry will be quite welcome until after the election. How­ ever, that election will pass, and if we live, it will leave us as we are, in the minority with time to reflect. Against that time I will say a few words, which, if not wr tten now, might be lost; and I trust they will be welcome, if only as a testimony of the value I set,upon your good opinion. Your views of Masons and Masonry accord perfectly with my own, until we come to the time of action, or application. You think the moral effect, (which has been made, and failed,) should have been made first, and that the political effort might well follow upon the failure of the moral effort. "But when did the moral effort fail?" Thirty years ago, when with Abbe Bijrreul, and the learned.professor -Robison, both Masons and men of irreproachable purity, in Europe, and the Rev. Drs. Morse, Dwight, Payson, and others of the very first celebrity among the scholars and divines of America, wrote, preached, and prayed, eloquently, earnestly, and voluminously, against the dan­ gers of the system of Masonry. They were overwhelmed with calumny, they were driven from thefight with loss, they were absolutely silenced upon this subject with disappointment and shame. And why was not the political remedy tried then? Because nothing occurred to suggest that mode of redress to the pub­ lic mind at that time. '' Ought we to proceed against the order now for their failure to be morally convicted then?" By no means; nor ought we to conflict in any way now with Masonry, unmindful of the lesson that conflict Reaches. If moral suason and cogent reasoning and documentary evidence utterly failed in the hands of Timothy'Dwight, and Jedidiah Morse; engaged with the lodges, who now upon the stage of life would lightly venture to arraign the order? Not a man; and yet I admit with you that we shouldfirst spea k kindly with a fellow man, before we push him for not attending to what we say. 202 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

Notflattering mysel f that my-experience will be important to you, it is still the experience of a friend and of an Anti-Mason. Before the Morgan outrage, I distrusted Freemasonry, and began to note my rea­ sons for this distrust, to be read by those who should outlive me, When Morgan was reported to be slain, I believed it immediately, for I had studied the characterfef Freemasonry, and my own heart told me the imminent hazard of doing what was reported to have done, and did so. I sought with my might, for more than two years to bring the brethren into my .moral convictions. They honored me, but despised my con­ victions. I published my views with documentary evidence to sus­ tain them. Men of my blood were ready to call me accursed, for this exercise of moral and religious liberty. Still I meddled not with the political question. At length, I found it good to strengthen my hands by an intercouse with Western Anti-Masons of New York. (I was all this time in Massachusetts.) They had used moral su-ason, and legal forms, to repress the audacity and crimes instigated by Freemasonry without effect, and they had then without a foresight of what it would lead to, adopted political weapons. They should and did refuse "to elect the Masonic sheriffs and coroners and Justices, whom they could not trust with political power. They tried moral influence, while any hope of its success lasted; that failed, and they resorted to the ballot box. . As it was with them, so it was with me, and so ft must be with tbe great mass of Anti-Masons, they, first became morally convinced, as you are, of the danger,'and iniquity of Freemasonry. The}' next attempted to bring their masonic friends to a sense of the evils of the order. They asked them to abandon it, and its unsanctified orgies.and its profane obligations. Do the Masons yield? Is this gentle method persuasive with them? Then political Anti-Masonry never scathes their name or political power. But not so do they yield to moral suasion. They are provoked that you meddle with their secret abominations. They impute malice, or folly, to those who use any effort to bring them to discard their masonry. And men are left no other course to pursue, but either to sit down under the folds of the Hydra, or to bruise its head at the polls. So your own prescribed course in this matter, is the very one we are pursuing, and is the same which the people of Ohio will pursue. Pol­ itical Anti-Masonry is coming there, moral has been four years en­ gaged with the Fraternity, and they stand up yet for their Masonic rights and privileges. The people will not always submit to have it so; and unless a great and unlooked for change in the Fraternity comes, the people will never be able to have it otherwise, except by bringing the fraternity to the ordeal of the ballot box. That cures the Masons of their masonry, by bringing upon it the irresistible force of public opinion, in a way that they can neither belie nor bear it. With a kind remembranc[Williame Rupelto you tor Allensons o fTrimble.] whose welfar e I am sin­ cerely happy to hearHOUS, believE OeF me REPRESENTATIVES, Very respectfully, Februar, youry friend18th, , 1832. DEAR SIR: ,, Enclosed I hand you a letter froHENRm YE -DAN HaynardA WARD, .res ­ ecting your Warrants. The bill to which Mr. H. refers, passed our £ous e almost without dissent. P endeavored to enlist my colleagues and the Virginia delegation, but in vain. To oppose it Mr. Doddridge promised to have an Amendment but was absent when it was taken up. If that bill should finally pass, your Warrants and all others in the same situation must be located within the V. Military District. In haste, Yours, etc., WILLIAM R.UPEL. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 203

[Hiram Ketchum to Allen Trimble.] NEW YORK, August 9th, 1832. DEAR SIR: Our friends here .are exceedingly desirous of obtaining some information upon which reliance can be placed relative to the pros­ pects of our party in Ohio; you are well aware that newspaper intelligence cannot always be depended upon. I earnestly desire that you will communicate to me^as soon as convenient after the receipt of this in­ formation upon the following points: Are there in your State many desertions from the Jackson ranks? What is the operation of the veto message in Ohio? Are the Anti-Masons in much force, and is there no probability of their abandoning their electoral ticket and supporting ours? And finally, is there a probability that our electoral ticket will succeed? . . You are doubtless aware of the fact that our Convention adopted the Anti-Masonic ticket, and I have the pleasure to inform you, that it is the decided opinion of our most discreet friends in different parts of the State, that the opposition electoral . ticket will prevail here, and if it does, our friends in Ohio may rest assured that the electors chosen will all vote for Mr. Clay,, if by so voting they can defeat the re-election of General Jackson; but if .these votes will not on the final Canvass be of any service to Mr. Clay, we are indifferent whether they are given for him, or any other Candidate. These facts I desire you to regard as communicated for your own in­ formation, and that of our confidential friends. The leading Anti-Masons iij this State are very much disposed to take a liberal and Patriotic Course, and if they prove equally so in your State they will not persevere in their adherance to their electoral ticket. Will you have the goodness to confer with some of our friends and inform me whether we can bring any influence to bear upon your State, which will prove salutary. Could a visit from P. B. Porter or any other citizen of. this State be of service to you? I have the honor to to subscribe myself, Your obedient servant, HIR»AM KETCHUM. [Allen Trimble to Eliza Jane Trimble.] • Monday evening, October 15, 1832. DEAR ELIZA: The netfs of cholera being in Cincinnati reached here on Saturday. We hear today that there has been sixty cases .every day and about half that number of deaths. We have also heard there has been a case in Circleville and one in Chillicothe. This has caused us much uneasiness and we have concluded that if this disease has made its appearance in Chillicothe you had best return- home.with Cary. We may and probably shall be visited here with this terrible malady,. but if so we prefer having the family as much, together as possible. Since writing the foregoing paragraph, your Mother, William and I have been weighing the matter of your remaining in Chillicothe, even if this fatal malady has not made its appearance and have been convin­ ced of this fell destroyer is about in the land and as a thief in the night enters cities and towns when least expected, sweeping the inhabitants by-scores to the tomb. That it will be prudent for you to return with Cary and. we will endeavor to obtain for William and you. a private instructor at home, William having declined leaving home, this winter. It is with great regret we call for your return, but under all the cir­ cumstances, we conclude it will be the'better course. ' If cholera should seize the inhabitants of Chillicothe with as much violence as it . has those of Cincinnati,'-. (and why not) then-we- should sorely reflect upon ourselves for suffering you to remain in so exposed a situation. We are all as well as usual at home. Your Father, A. TRIMBLE. ,.' 204 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Isaac Trimble to Allen Trimble.] BOSTON, November 10th, 1832. DEAR SIR: I write you upon a subject, which I am satisfied you feel sufficient interest in, not to consider it, to say the worst, an annoyance, viz: my prospects in the profession of Civil Engineering.- You may not be aware that I have left the army to pursue that profession unmolest­ ed; and in doing so, I am satisfied I did not overrate my ability to suc­ ceed, nor the demand for competent engineers throughout the country. My success so far has surpassed my expectations, and I could not wish to change my situation here, were it not for the severity of a north­ ern climate is too much for the health of Mrs. Trimble. (I have com­ mitted matrimony, you know), and from a wish to establish myself now that I am an honorable citizen, in the western country, where I shall lay my bones, God willing. There are numerous works of internal communication being construct­ ed and projected in your state, and I would wish it to be understood that with proper inducements my services as an Engineer could be se­ cured on a respectable work—(R. Road), I prefer. Feeling conscious from my experience on several important works, that I can render a full equivalent for a proper salary. I do not ask employment as a farmer, but will consider myself under obligations to you personally, for any measures you may take to present me favorably to the notice of Canal and R. Road Commissioners, of the state, or those of private companies. I saw in the papers, that a R. Road is projected from Dayton to Lake Erie, for which the survey is now making. If that work isto-be prose­ cuted with energy, it would afford me pleasure to be employed upon it. I would remark, that I do not wish to change my situation here for a Sub.—or one elsewhere, inasmuch as the experience of ten years active service under the Government, both in the location and construction of public works, justifies me in aspiring to something more than an as­ sistant engineer. You will, I am sure not only excuse the address, but with pleasure use all proper means to promote my success in a profession wnich by education and choice I am prepared to adopt for support. Please say with my respects, that I desire to be remembered by Mrs. Trimble and others. * I, am respectfully and truly, Your friend, ISAAC TRIMBLE. [Albert Picket to Allen Trimble.] CINCINNATI, March 11th, 1833. DEAR SIR: You will perceive by the "Academic Pioneer," which accompanies this, that the Teachers, of the West, are beginning to exert themselves, in the cause of education, which at this time ought to re­ ceive the highest attention of the public throughout the Union. In this undertaking, several of the Western States have already united, and it is expected that several others will join them, at the next general convention, which will commence its session, in this city, on the 2nd Monday of September next. We are very desirous that all respectable teachers and the friends of education generally, should unite with us and afford us all the assist­ ance in their power Teachers cannot effect this mighty change alone, nor does it concern them alone, but is of equal importance to all classes of people, and will require the united efforts of all. To you as one of our political Fathers we very naturally turn our eyes with the mingled feelings of hope and of expectation. And from your firmness as a man, acquirements as a schplar, your well known patriotism and general philanthropy,we feel as if we might consider you as a friend, and look to you for that assistance, on this important occasion, which your influence and knowledge, will enable you to give. •"''" Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 205

The Board of Directors for the State of Ohio have in contemplation to request some one or more in every County, of the friends of education, to make strict inquiry into the state of schools, academies, etc.; also to ascertain as near as they conveniently can, the qualifications of teachers, their modes of instruction, success, etc., and render a report thereof to the next general convention. It is expected that the other states will also adopt the same or a similar measure. It will be in your power to help us greatly in bringing forward this regulation. Your knowledge of the state generally, and your acquaint­ ance with the people of alrhost every part of it, will enable you to re­ commend such persons in many of the Counties, as would be likely to enter into the subject, with spirit and perseverance. It would afford us great satisfaction, if you would accept this office, for the County of Highland, and should you wish any assistance, that you would select such person or persons, as you may prefer. You will readily perceive, that this plan, if brought into sussessful operation, would soon produce great and important effects. Unqual­ ified teachers would be obliged to qualify themselves, or resign their places. And as soon as ignorant pretenders are driven from the field, men of education, talents and respectability will enter. And the em­ ployment of teaching, which at present has no honor attached to it, nor is even considered as a profession, will ere long become one of the most important of all professions. For the other depend almost entire­ ly on this for their success; and every defect in this, has a tendency in a greater or less degree, to nullify them all. If our views should meet your approbation, we.should consider it a favor, if you would mention to us such persons in the different Counties, as you think best qualified to perform this important duty. If any additions or amendments to the plan proposed, should suggest themselves to your mind, we should be much gratified if you made them known to us, for we wish to adopt the best method that we pos­ sibly can. In the Board of Directors for this year since their election in October last, two vanancies have occurred. One of which has been filled by the appointment of the Rev. Lyman Beecher, D. D. and I am happy to state that he has entered upon the duties of the office with, much interest and energy. The other vacancy it is expected will be filled by Bishop Mclllvaine, President of -Gambier College. • By order of the Boar[S. dMedary and i nto thei Allenr behalf Trimble.], permi t me, Dear Sir, to soliciDEAt Ryou SIrR :co-operatio Some timn ean sincd correspondencee the Ohio Stat, ane d Boaralsod t oo finvit Agriculture you toe Easseattend ath eresolutio next generan requirinl conventiong that a, whicsilverh Pitchewe havr ewort reasoh fiftn tyo believdollarse wile lprepare be verdy largat the ean expensd respectablee of the". BoarAnd'wd ane dshoul presented alsdo btoe yomucu ha spleased a toke,n otfo theisee rsuc appreciatioh Teacherns oanfd you literarr early yfriends and earnes, as yot laboru mas yi nthin thke causpropee or ft o Ohiinviteo .Agricultur I am wite han thde th highese successfut esteeml organizatio, Respectfulln of the Staty yourse Assoc, ­ iation. ALBERT PICKET. I have the honor to inform you that this Pitcher, Small as it is in value when compared with your long and successful labors to promote the cause of Agriculture in our State, is ready for presentation. The time and placefixed upo n for the delivery, is at Hillsborough on the 25th inst. If agreeable to you, please notifiy the undersigned, with such suggestion as you think proper. With high respect, S. MEDARY, P. O. S. B. Ag 206 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[The Ohio Company for Importation of English Cattle.] STATE OF OHIO, 2nd November, 1833. We the undersigned citizens of the State of Ohio, anxiously wishing to promote the interests of Agriculture, and the introduction of an im­ proved breed of cattle, hereby agree to associate and unite in Company under the name and style of "The Ohio Company fpr the importation of English Cattle, "and in order to effect the objects of our association, we hereby further agree, that our capital stock shall consist of $10,000 to be divided into shares of $100 each. No member of this Company to subscribe less than $100 or one share, apd that upon subscriptions to this paper being obtained to the amount of $3,000 we mutually agree to have a meeting in the town of Chilli­ cothe, for the purpose of organizing pur Company as aforesaid. And we hereby bind ourselves to pay the amounts affixed to our names re­ spectively so soon as the sum of $3,000 is subscribed for the objects above specified, and when at the"meeting to be held as aforesaid, a proper officer of said Company shall be appointed to receive the same. The meeting of the Subscribers to be called: (as soon as the last named sum is subscribed) by the President of the Ross County Agricultural Society. (Signed by) ALLEN TRIMBLE, 5 Shares DUNCAN MCARTHUR, 3 Do. and GEORGE RENNICK, 5 Shares. Others to the amount of $5,000. PETER L. AYRES, one share. CHILLICOTHE, OHIO, 18th January, 1834, SIR: A Meeting of the Members of "The Ohio Company for the im­ portation of English Cattle," is respectfully requested at Madeira's Hotel in Chillicothe, on Saturday the 25th instant. The object is to give any instruction which may be deemed necessary to the Agent of the Company, Mr. Felix Renick, who was appointed at the last meeting. Payment of the subscriptions will be required at that time. By order of the Company. DUNCAN M'ARTHUR, President of the Ohio Com- * pany for the Importation of English Cattle. J. L. TAYLOR, Secretary. [F. Rennick to Allen Trimble.] CHILLICOTHE, May 5.183S. DEAR SIR: The Notes given by those who purchased Stock at the Ohio Importing Company's sale 24th October, last, fell due on the 24th, ult., and I have been requested to make out and forward the accounts to the purchasers with a request that those from whom balances are due to forward them and lift their Notes as soon as convenient to do so to enable us to bring the business to close as soon as practicable. I have accordingly taken the liberty to forward yours which you have below. Very respectfully your obt. servt. F. RENNICK, Agent. A. Trimble, Esq., in account with the Ohio Importing Company. To amount of your Note due 24th Dec. 1838 $2,580.00 Contrabu., By your dividend on one Share of Stock .$1,300.00 By cash paid to defray expenses 75.00 $1,375.00 Balance due the Company $808,00 May 5th, 1838. F. RENNICK, Agt. P. S. Should there be found any error in the above account it will of course be rectified. There are 16 or 18 herd books on hand, a portion of which you are entitled to. F. R. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 207

[Replies received from Washington Irving and Henry Clay, to the Com­ mittee of Arrangements for the Anniversary Celebration of tlte landing of the first settlers of Ohio at the mouth of the Muskingum river.] A. G. Gano, A. N. Riddle, etc., Committee. Toast to Henry Clay—"Patriot of Ashland."

ASHLAND," KENTUCKY, March 1835. GENTLEMEN: I feel greatly honored by yourflattering invitation . As a resident of a neighboring state, during a period of time almost equal to that which marks the existence of Ohio, as a civilized community, I have witnessed its astonishing growth, and rapid advance in wealth, improvement and greatness, with the highest satisfaction. Looking back upon the past with feelings of pleasure and gratitude, and forward to the future power and prosperity which, under the blessing of Prov­ idence, await it, the people of Ohio have abundant cause for the contem­ plated celebration of' the anniversary of thefirst settlemen t of their State. If it were in my power, I should join in the festivities of the oc­ casion, with a delight which will scarcely be surpassed by that which will be enjoyed by those more directly concerned. But having recently returned to niy home, not in very good health, after a long absence from it, I regret that I cannot accept your friendly invitation, without too much personal inconvenience. I pray you to communicate my respectful acknowledgments where they are due, for the kind consideration of me,,which has been enter­ tained, and by my best wishes that your festival may realize every agreeable anticipation which has been formed. I request your accept­ ance, also of the assurances of high personal esteem and regard of your faithful friend and obedient servant, H. CLAY. [From Washington Irving.] NEW YORK, March 23d, 1835. GENTLEMEN: I have just received your letter, on behalf of the Com­ mittee of Arrangements, inviting me to the anniversary celebration of the landing of thefirst settler s of Ohio at the mouth of the Muskingum river. It is with regret that I am prevented by distance, and indispen­ sable engagements, of availing myself of soflattering an d acceptable invitation. I scarce know any festival more calculated to awaken exalted enjoyment, than one commemorating an event, which, under our own eye, as it were, has almost equalled the marvels of creation. There is nothing, since my return to my native country, that has filled my mind with grander anticipations of its destiny, than the sight of the great internal States, which, within a few brief years, have sprung from a primeval wilderness, into populous, and powerful existence. When I consider these vast regions of inexhaustible fertility, deeply embosomed in our immense continent, and watered by .mighty lakes and rivers; when 1 picture them to myself as they soon will be, peopled by millions of industrious, intelligent, enterprising, well instructed, and self gov­ erned freemen; blessed by a generally diffused competence; brighten­ ing with innumerable towns and cities, the hiarts of a boundless internal commerce, and the seats of enlightened civilization—when I consider them in this light, I regard them as the grand and safe depositories of the strength and perpetuity of our Union. There lie the keys of empire; there dwells tbe heart of our Giant Republic, that must reg­ ulate its pulsations, and send the vital current through every limb. There must our liberties take their deepest root, and find their purest nourishment; there, in a word,' must we look for the growth of real, freeborn, homebred, national character, of which our posterity may be proud. 208 Correspondeuce of Allen Trimble.

I beg you, therefore, gentlemen, to express my thanks to the Com­ mittee of Arrangements, for the honor they have done me, in inviting me to a festival, calculated to call up such feelings, and that you will offer them, in my name, the follpwing toast: , "The Pioneers of Muskingum—Who called an empire into existence out of the depths of the wilderness.'' I am gentlemen, very respectfully your obedient servant, WASHINGTON IRVING. [Henry Clay to Allen Trimble.] MAYSVILLE, 19th, Nov., 1835. . DEAR SIR: When I was at Frankfort, I spoke to Mr. Brown about the price of his 1000 Acres of land on Rattlesnake, which you mentioned to me. He asks three dollars per acre. Is it worth that? Would you advise the purchase at that? and be willing to take half? Is it well watered? How much isfirst rate? ' .. . Be pleased to write me, addressing me at Washington City. I am now on my way there. . Your friend, H. CLAY [Thomas Cqrmiin to Allen Trimble.] WASHINGTON CITY,'22 January, 1838. DEAR SIR: I received your letter of 13th, today. I am sure you are mistaken concerning the last warrant. I Certainly inclosed that set of papers to you or/one of your brothers for the purpose of getting the proof of loss before the court in Hillsborough as law requires in order t6 obtain a new warrant. I think I directed the mode of taking the proof and also the personto who m it should be sent at Richmond that it might be laid before the Governor and Council. I think if you inquire you will find the papers have taken this destination. Please write me (as soon as you have looked into the business) whether you got on the track of the papers. I think I sent them two years ago but it might have been last winter. I perceive we are as usual getting into confusion with our0 land dates for the Presidency. I should be very greatly obliged to you for your opinion as to the probability of running Clay with success in Ohio and Indiana. In the East with all parties he seems to be gaining rapidly. [George Collins to AllenYour Trimble.]s truly , COLUMBUS, OHIO, February 1st, 1838. THOMAS CORWIN. SIR: It is now past 12 o'clock at night, and I therefore date February instead of January. Long have I delayed an epistle to my by-gone predecessor-, in hope of devoting to him, a leisure hour. But I begin to fear that were I to wait for that hour, we should go down to our graves without my boring you with a letter. For several days past I have been trembling with apprehension that we should seriously, embarrass the State with extravagant approp­ riations, and thereby break down the Whig Party in Ohio. I have been too much engaged.^-occupied too much of my time, in the current business of- the Session, to make myself acquainted with the duty and details of State matters at large. But I am sufficiently advised to state, that our debt is between Six and Seven Millions, and that our debt and liabilities, amount to nearly, perhaps, quite Ten Millions. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 209

I entertain the keenest, liveliest, apprehensions, of the coming Sum­ mers' operations. All through which we have passed, is "tarts ana cheese cakes, to that which is yet to be visited upon us; unless, indeed, our "Wicked rulers," should Stay their withering hands, and retrace their steps—and of that I see not one ray of hope!!! But'that we dare not discredit the wisdom of our own senses; cannot shut our eyes to that which is passing before us—it would seem to exceed all human belief, that the war against the Banks.should still be waged with so much fierce- nses. The people, principally our own people, owe the Banks of Ohio, about seven millions more than the paper of those Banks, in circulation. ' Where are our people to raise Seven Millions over and above the amount of Ohio paper in circulation? And yet some of qur Whig friends are disposed to "go ahead." They speak of liberal appropriations, and of the ability of the State, as though the people were paying no taxes. Loud complaints were made of the burden of Taxation the past year. But do the people know that in addition to the amount of taxes collected, the State had to borrow $77,000 to meet the demands on the State, to pay the current expenses of the State Government, and interest on money borrowed? With such facts before us, it appears to me the extravagance of madness, to engage largely in new works of improve­ ment—especially as the works now in progress will require large means for a year or two to come. ' But I have got my dog further ahead of the hare than I intended. Yesterday and today have been days qf sunshine compared to several preceeding. Yesterday we made battle in right down good earnest, and not altogether without effect. We succeeded in laying one favorite bill upon the table; the adjournment left another lying there. When the first was called up this morning—you .see I write as though it was still yesterday—we carried a resolution referring all such bills to a select Committee. Tonight Ifinished th e draft qf a bill amending our gen­ eral improvement Law. I don't know that I can have it carried for its own sake. But the friends of particular measures becoming alarmed, they may strike a bargain with me, and those who entertain like views." And as I fear that the State is in considerable danger. I shall probably yield a little to save much. You have seen Mr. James, Resolution, and Declaration? On Sat­ urday last, the Resolution was made the special order* for this dayl About eleven (11) o'clock the matter was taken up. At, half past 12, we adjourned till half past 2 when we resumed the strife. Some two hours were spent in general debate. The Vans then gave up the debate and betook themselves to verbal amendments, and calling the Ayes and Noes. The Amendments, postponements, adjournments etc. The Ayes, and Noes were called upwards of twenty times. No debating. Two of the Vans sitting behind me, I heard one of them say to the other, that they still had about 50 amendments to offer. That, I thought, too manifest a Bore. I woqld not unless under very extraordinary and peculiar circumstances, call the previous question to cut off debate!!! But I could not see that a party could have any goodright to be indulged in such "Tom-foolery." I therefore determined to call and did call for the previous question. After about an hour's debate, the call was sustained, the question put, and the Resolution and declaration adopted, having previously passed the Senate. Now "This must do for a spell " Remember me to your family and believe me to be, Very respectfully yours, GEORGE COLLINS. P. S. The bill authorizing County subscriptions for building bridges on the Chillicothe and Milford Turnpike Road, passed the House long since. Mr. Utters absence has delayed its passage through the Senate. But he is now in his place; and I suppose that action on the bill will not be much longer delayed.. G. C. 210 Correspondeuce of Allen Trimble.

[Hiram Ketchum to Allen Trimble.] NEW YORK, June 8th, 1838. DEAR SIR: I have just read with great interest, the proceedings of your great Whig Convention; they are spirited, patriotic, and able, lam very anxious to know what is the real popular sentiment in Ohio, on the Presidential question; are you really desirous of procuring the nom­ ination of General Harrison, or do you think it only politic to present his name, with a view of complimenting him, while in truth you desire tbe success of another Candidate, or of either the other Candidates named. I will frankly acknowledge that the General is not my choice, although I shall cordially support him if nominated. ,. It seems to-me that his prospect of success depends very much upon the action of Pennsyl­ vania ; if that state shall come into the convention and through her dele­ gates, express a belief that no other candidate than General H. can suc­ ceed in Pennsylvania, then I cannot well see how the convention can avoid nominating him. I therefore look to the action of the Key Stone State with great interest. One resolution adopted by your Convention I must confess, some­ what astonished me; the resolution complimenting Mr. P. of South Carolina. When I look at the proceedings of Ohio, on the subject of H. and especially in reference to the annexation of Texas, and remember that Col. P. was a warm advocate for that measure, I am led to believe that the resolution could not have been well considered, and at any rate that it cannot express truly, the sentiment of the Whig Party of Ohio. The speech of Mr. Bond circulates here with great rapidity; the prop­ osition is now on foot to publish and circulate in this State alone, 100,000 Copies; this I doubt not, will be accomplished. We think the prospects of the Whig Party in this State are very flat­ tering; yet some months will have to elapse before we come to the Con­ test, and there is no prediction what this time will bring forth: Do you not fear that the abolitionists will give you trouble in Ohio; in this State, there are, I am told there are from 10 to 20,000 votes which will turn on this question. Is this party numerous and active in Ohio; will the members of it go for .Mr. Clay if nominated? My earnest desire is that the discussion and consideration of the Pres­ idential question would be entirely deferred until after the new congress shall be chosen. May I have the pleasure of hearing from you at your earliest leisure? I am very respectfully, and truly, Your Obedient Servant, HIRAM KETCHUM. [Thomas Corwin to Allen Trimble] WASHINGTON CITY, 4th July, 1838. DEAR SIR: I send you herewith the answer of Major Hoops. I wrote once and called several times to see Ellicott about his Ohio lands, but never, could see or hear from him on the subject. We have this morning passed a bill allowing the notes of specie paying banks to be received for good debts, notwithstanding their issue of small bills contrary to the Depository Act. We could, do nothing mqre. We should have gone a little farther, but our conservative forces ex­ empt. Kiljore and Clark deserted us. Yours truly, Tuos. CORWIN. [Mien Trimble'to Thomas Corwin.] OAKLAND OHIO, 28th of April, 1840. DEAR SIR: It cannot fail to encourage and strengthen a public ser­ vant in the performance of arduous and responsible duties, to learn that his labor has not been overlooked'by his masters. And that they regard him as a faithful agent and duly appreciate his services. Those whose Representatives you are thus look upon your services in Congress; and although we may not on your return indulge in the same excess Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 211 of feeling that animated the good old Puritan Father on hearing his son for the first time after he had taken orders addressed to his Maker, at the family altar, when he cried out: ''Well done, Johnny; we'll done, Johnny " louder and louder until he raised the whole population of the village, the scene closing more like a Methodist love-feast than a regular morning service! Yet I think I know we feel mose like saying, and we will say on your return, (without any admixture of that military enthusiasm that we, Generals, Colonels arid war Soldiers now feeling more and more enthusiastic! !—Well done Tommy, well dope, Tommy! ! 1 You know that no one was more reluctant to give up Hepry Clay than I. But I was soon satisfied afterthe nominatioirOf General Harrison, that the Harrisburgh convention acted wisely, and every day's report tends to show to.strengthen the conclusion that General Harrison is the most available Candidate the Whigs could have selected. The attempt to tarnish the military character will not succeed. Old officers and soldiers are rising "like spirits from the vasty deep,' and kindling the flame that will sweep over_the land, and if it does not ut­ terly consume the Vandals and Goths, it will scorch and leave them like withering shrubs in a western tmrnt prairie. Some .of the sharp-sighted and keen scented have seen the cloud of smoke^and smelled the lire, and as the hare on the approach of the destroying element leaves his covert, so theyfile off and take a more safe position when good panties are more likely to be foun,d. We must not rebuke nor repulse those Whigs who'fly from danger, but receive and give them protection during the campaign—but then 1 ! ! ! ! ! I admire a man who has moral courage and honesty enough to with­ draw from a party when that party does what he cannot honestly do.' But when a man assists in creating a party, in sustaining it through a long series of the most manifest abuses of power that corruption of prin­ ciples can produce. And not until the people in the majority of the power are rising infuriated by their suffering and terror in their brow,to hurl . them from the seats and posts of honor does he abandon them. Such a man I must consider is more concerned for his own safety than for the preservation of his Country's interest and honor. • But I am digressing, I only intended/to tell you that the, prospect hereabouts is most cheering, opposition to the powers that be, like the early and powerful rains now pouring down upon us, seem to be breaking up the great deep of public opinion, which like our mighty rivers, swells with the outpouring of her tributaries, and threatens to overspread the great valley from the mountains to the Gulf bf Mexico. I do not regret that the opposition can attack the military character of General Harrison, the attack and defense will do much good, and we should court investigation, but we should by no means be diverted from the Real Question at issue—"The People vs. The Office Holders." Herald home from the floor of Congress all the charges you can prove (and there are enough of them to condemn any administration). Turn theni all over to the administration, and more good will result than from anv laws you can pass in the present condition of the country. We I mean the Whigs of Ohio, would be pleased to see you here. Your services would be of much value, but I 'doubt the propriety of your leaving Congress before the end of the Session. The moment you leave, if before the close, you. will be charged with abandoning your part and" obligations in Ohio, for H. and yourself, etc. I am not sure such a change would do good or harm, but with me the real question is, are you not doing more for the Whig's cause and your Country's honor, where you'^re than you could do at home? If there was danger of Ohio being lost without your presence, P would say come home, for I look upon the decision of Ohio as of more importance, incomparably, than any other State-of her vote in the nation. But I cannot believe there is danger here; if there is the signs of the times are woefully deceptive! 1 ! s Yours most respectfully, ALLEN TRIMBLE. 212 Correspondence of Allen \Trimble.

[Gen. P. B. Porter to Allen Trimble.] NIAGARA FALLS, June 28, 1840. MY DEAR SIR: Your son, Esquire William, and myself have at length collected, prepared and executed all the complicated documents that were necessary on our part, to the completion of our contract for the Breckinridge estate in Ohio, and nothing more is wanting but your formal sanction of our acts and the recording of the several conveyances in the Registry offices of your State—to procure which I have concluded to let my young clerk, Henry Andrews (who is extremely anxious to avail himself of the pleasant season of the year and William's protection and information, to visit the Western Country, in some part of which he in­ tends to settle) to accompany him. William has indeed had an herculean task, which he has executed with great patience, perseverance and address,,, in extricating this prop­ erty from the Chaos in which it was involved—and I most sincerely hope that his purchase may turn out, as I have reason to believe it will, under his tact and management, a very profitable one to him for he will have well deserved it. Although his intelligence, energy and general personal deportment, as well as his family connections, give assurance that his engagements with me would be fairly and honorably carried into execution: yet as I am wholly ignorant of his pecuniary situation and resources, I could not consistently with the ordinary dictates of prudence (and mpre es- Eecially in a case like the present, where I am acting not for myself, ut as the faithful trustee and Guardian of others; I feel that I ought not) to waive the voluntary offer made in your letter of the 24th of June, 1839, in which you say that "Should William make any arrangements with you for the purchase of the lands in question." I will be responsible for his complying with his agreement to the letter. The mode, (which I hope may be acceptable to you) in which we have proposed this responsibility, I shall be given, as you will perceive on ex­ amining the papers, is, by your endorsement of the three notes which he has executed for the payment of the purchase money; and which moreover (for your indemnity rather than my own) are also secured by mortgage on the lands. « I rejoice most sincerely to hear that the prospects of "Old Tippi- canoe" are so favorably in your State, and'in return, I can most confi­ dently assure you, that there is a moraCINCINNATIl certaint,y 25th(for a,s Jun decisive 1840e a.s such a DEA'subjecR SIRt is: susceptiblAS a Committee of) thae to nh ebehal willf carr of ya thnumbee statr eo fof th Nee Citizenw Yorks, obfy thi ais majorit City, wye o fhav noet thlese spleasur than tene t,o aninvitd moree yo,u possiblto be preseny twentt oyn thousand Thursda.y theI 2n should ofd Jul bey happ nexty a to asene entertainmen you at my homet to b,e whenevegiven tor Generabusinesls Solomo or pleasn ­ Vauren maRensalaery call yo, Neu iwn thiYorks direction, at the ,Henri ande a Housem very, trulin thiy ans City.d respectfully" We are, Your obedient servantTrul, y yours,P .etc B. PORTER. S. W. DAVIES, C. L. CLARKSON, J. P. GARNISS H. L. TATEM, P. ANDERSON, L^SHALLEY S. FALES, .. M. GREENWOOD, ArTowiN, WM. BILLINGS, C. S. TODD. A Convention of the people of the Miami Valley was held at Dayton, September 10, 1840, to celebrate the anniversary of Perry's Victory upon Lake Erie. The invitation to Governor Trirnble is signed by Jos. H. Crane, Samuel Farrer, Robert C. Schenck, H. G. Phillips, Daniel A. Haynes. . - Correspondence of Allen 'Trimble. 213

[Stephen Fairbanks to Allen Trimble.] BOSTON, October, 2nd, 1840. DEAR SIR: I am very much gratified by the receipt of your esteemed letter of the 21st ultimo. It is a long time since my family or myself, have had the pleasure to hear from any member of your family. My daughter has heretofore received much satisfaction in the cor­ respondence with your daughter Eliza—but she infers" that her family cares and her more extended acquaintance, consequent upon a married life, occupy all her time. Mrs. Fairbanks and Miss Caroline desire to be affectionately remem­ bered to you and your family. We are not without hope that we may yet have the pleasure of meeting you again. The political part of your letter, in relation to the spirit that the people of your State in favor of Gen. Harrison is most cheering. Your testimony in regard to his men­ tal and physical power fully confirm the opinion of your friends here. If he is not President of the United States for the next term then I shall never hereafter put any confidence iii the signs of the times. Every thing we see or hear seems to render it certain that he will have a very large majority. In this State we feel confident that we can secure a majority in each branch of the Government, and we are quite sanguine that all the mem­ bers of Congress will be Whigs. You may rest assured that Maine has secured an entire Whig (Government?) and we have not the slightest doubt but that she will give her vote for Harrison by a handsome ma­ jority. It is also believed by many who watch, duly, every movement that New Hampshire will give her vote for Harrison. There is a fine spirit pervading the whole State, and every good man seems very much in­ spired with the certainty of success. As it regards, this State going for the General—it is as certain as he is a living man—we believe that we can give him 15,000 to 20,000. My friend Laurence, to whom I had the pleasure of introducing you, is still living, but in feeble health. He frequently speaks of you with much interest. May we not contemplate the pleasure of seeing you in this city at some future time? It would be very gratifying to ourI nfamily 1841 .Mr . Lewis J. Cist of Cincinnati, the collector of autographs wrotI eregre to Governot I haver Trimblnot beeen askin ableg t hio obtaim forn somfore youvaluabl, thee Demetenames,r which serie,s itto appearswhich ,yo weru eallud sente. inH youe sayr letters he i.s especiallI have seny desirout to thse t publishero procure, Wm wh.o Aassure. Trimbles me, thaU.t S -ther Senatore is no; Govt a .cop Tiffiny unsold, Huntingto. If In caannd procur Meigse, Kirkera copy, froWorthingtonm some friend, E., A I. shalBrownl sen,d Govit accordin. McArthurg to, you Aler xdirection Campbell. -, Stanley GriswolI am,d witanhd highes Benj.t Ruggles respect. you r obliged friend and servant, '• . •* [Jeremiah Morrow to Allen STEPHETrimble.]N FAIRBANKS . WASHINGTON, June 8th, 1842. DEAR SIR : I enclose a cicular in commendation of the True Whig. It is a small paper and afforded at a small price, but edited with more than common ability. The exertions of the editor in the advocacy of correct principles of policy, and ih the rebuke of unwarranted assump­ tions of power by those in high places, should entitle him to the patron­ age of the friends of a well regulated government. Please bring his claims before our political friends in your neighbor­ hood. Respectfully yours, JEREMIAH MORROW. 214 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, Dec. 3rd, 1842. DEAR SIR: The undersigned,, a committee for the purpose, beg to inform you that arrangements have been made by the Whigs of this city to testify their respects for Governor Corwin tendering him a pub- lic^dinner to be given at the Neil House on the 15th instant. It would give the committee and those for whom they act, the sin- cerest pleasure if consistent with your feelings to unite with them in thus rendering honor to one of Ohio's noblest and most worthy sons ahd in renewing the solemn pledge which every true Whig will but feel it his duty to make to-stand by the country, its interests and until its institutions are rescued from the danger which now so imminently threaten their safety and perpetuity. With sentiments of respect, Your obedient servants, J. RIDGEWAY; JR, JOHN FIELD, C. H. WING, O.W.SHERWOOD, F. MCCLELLAND. [J. Ridgeway to Allen Trimble.] COLUMBUS, OHIO, Sept. 3rd, 1844. MY ESTEEMED FRIEND: Your friendly letter of the 18th, ultimo, was received, and I have been pondering in my own mind whether a letter from you stating the early "views and acts'" of Mr. Clay through me to a portion of the Society of Friends would be of any service, as influencing that class to vote for him, who would not otherwise do so. There being no Friends Society in this place (where I have lived 22 years) my acquaintance is very limited with its members, and I fear an effort of mine in the mode proposed would have no influence in their several settlements in the state. That Society, or its intelligent members throughout the U. S. are aware that Henry Clay at an early day took some steps toward a gradual eman­ cipation of the Slaves in Kentucky, and as a great and influential States­ man many of them looked to him to take further steps toward the eman­ cipation of that degraded race of a national character, until he made his position known, on that subject, by the presentation of a remon­ strance against the reception of abolition petitions, some four or five years since in the U. S. Senate. Since that period the' members of that Society have generally viewed him if not inimical to emancipation, not specially in favor, of it. In regard to annexation, we know that Mr. Clay is opposed to that measure for reasons and difficulties which are not likely to be re­ moved for many years to come, and that James K. Polk does not, in his letter, appreciate these difficulties, but stands ready to enter into a Treaty for annexing Texas as soon as he takes the Presidential Chair, and should he succeed, he will say, and his friends to the South will say, that his election was placed upon that issue, and that he is bound to enter into a Treatv, etc., as "General Jackson said of the destruction of the U. S. bank fn 1832, This view places Mr. Clay and Mr. Polk almost antipodes on the ques-. tion of annexation, The latter is in favor, unqualifiedly, of immediate annexation, and the former is opposed to it, from insurmountable dif­ ficulties. In this view, which I think is a fair one, those who are opposed to. slavery, and think that annexation will extend its evil, cannot vote for. Mr. Polk, whether they are of the Society Of Friends, Anti-Slavery, or Abolitionists,' but on the contrary if they really wish to avoid annex­ ation, they will vote for Mr. Clay and not for Mr. Birney. I am so deep­ ly impressed with this view of the subject, that although there willbe thousands of votes cast for Mr. Birney, that I cannot resist the sus* pieion that those who do cast them, are ripe for a dissolution of the Union, There are many other questions/in issue between the two great part- ties, now contending for the ascendency, which together with annex- Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 215

ation, make the pending election of a National Character more important to the weal of the woe of this Nation than any which have occurred, perhaps, since the firstelectio n of Washington. Viewing it as such, I am devoting much of my time in the Whig cause as an humble member of the State Central Committee, and if victory (which we by no means despair of) shall have crowned our efforts at the end of the coming Campaign, I shall be richly rewarded. 1 need hot tell you that the good and the virtuous are with-us, in the great cause before us, nor need we doubt the result, if each honset think­ er will give action to his thoughts. I am, most respectfully and very truly yours, J. RIDGEWAY. [John Woods, State Auditor to Allen Trimble.] COLUMBUS, February 13th, 1847. DEAR SIR: Your lines of the 12th, instant are at hand, and in an­ swer I state that I know of no reason why your Company should not come in under the provision of the act passed at the last session of the Legislature. The act was intended for the relief of the creditors of the turnpike Companies in which the State is a Stockholder. It applies as well to the Companies in which the State has paid up the whole of its stock as those to which it is still a debtor. I think the act one which will do justice to the creditors../ I will as soon as settlements are made with the county treasurers, and with Mr. Whitehill, who retires from the treasury, address a circular to the sev­ eral companies. In the meantime, would it not be well if you can make arrangements with your creditors to accept of the provisions of the act. It will be necessary, as you will see, for them to take one third of their Claims in Stock and then they become entitled to the whole toll. I trust your creditors will accept of the provisions of the land. You will then be enabled to complete your road. Permit me to say to you that you have cause to feel a just pride in the manner in which you have' discharged the duties of this position during the winter. Had it not been for the kindness with which he managed usual important measures of which the Amendments to the tax law were most important, they would have been. lost. I had oc­ casion to have pregnant consultations wtih him and- I must say that our intercourse was indeed pleasant. Very truly yours, etc., JOHN WOODS, State Auditor. [Ohio Weslcyan University.] OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY, Oct. 12, 1847. DEAR SIR: You are probably aware that I borrowed five hundred dollars ($500) of the Scholarship fund, for which I gave my note, payable on demand, with interest annually; which amount I paid out for ap­ paratus on the University, •offering to wait for my pdy until the land given by N. Ward, Esq., is sold. For my security the Committee have agreed that I shall have a note according to my proposition. I have enclosed one which I should to have you sign for the Trustees and return to me, We have a.full school—all moving on very pleasantly, The ap­ paratus has arrived in good order. My kind regards to your family. Yours affectionately, F. MERRICK. Hon. Allen Trimble "Signed and forwarded Note, 15th, Oct. 1847." "Resolved that the section of land belonging to the Ohio Wesleyan University and lying in Gallia County Ohio, shall be held as security by Rev. F. Merrick for the fivehundre d dollars expended by him in'the purchase of apparatus for the University." The above is an extract from the minutes of the Ex. Committee. Prof. M. as I understand proposes to take the enclosed note instead of a mortgage. (Endorsed on the letter.) 216 " Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

COLUMBUS, January 22, 1850. DEAR SIR: I forward you today's mail 850 more blank Certificates of scholarship for your signature. You will please forward- them as follows: 200 to Rev. M. Dustin, Zanesville, Ohio. "200 to Rev. J. S. Tomlinson, Augusta, Ky. ' 200 to Rev'. W. F. Stewart, care of Rev. M. Dimmitt, Circleville, Ohio. 250 to Rev. E. Thomson, Methodist Book Room, Cincinnati. If you can get them sent as pamphlets, it will save several dollars postage. Yours truly, F. MERRICK. . . • COLUMBUS,'January 11th, 1859. DEAR SIR: I will forward you a small number of our Certificates Of scholarship for signature. If convenient, will you return them by return mail, as we greatly need them as soon as they can be had. . !The Senate in^statu quo. As an African told them in a speech made in the State House last evening, they really are acting the part of chil­ dren. My kind regards to your family, Yours truly, F. MERRICK. P. S. Please number the Certificates as you sign them, and retain the last number that subsequent packages may be numbered on in order. Seventy-five of them you may send to Dr. Thomson, Delaware, the other seventy-five to me here. , [From John Locke to Board of Agriculture.] CINCINNATI, November 25th, 1848. DEAR SIR: I had the honor to receive through Governor Trimble a request that I would prepare for the Board a treatise on soils. I have not yet lost all my interest in that occupation to which my boy­ hood was dedicated. Nor have I traversed our interesting State with­ out a probable conjecture as to the composition and defects of soils over which I passed, what little I know of Geology, Chemistry, Botany and Physiology would always suggest something whenever I saw a sick­ ly or deficient crop. But I have felt that our agriculturists have had little confidence in science, and that because I had laid aside the practical manipulation of composts, to study their elements and their mode of action, I was nec­ essarily excpmmunicated. The important task named to me calls for more time than I have at my command—nay it calls for more than all of the time since I received the notice. It has therefore been impossible for me to execute it. The Board will please accept my acknowledgments for the honor they have conferre[Jamesd upo B.n Longacreme, to AllenVery Trimble.]respectfully , PHILADELPHIAJOH, ApriN lLOCKE 6th, .1852 . DEAR SiR: The committee of twenty-five layman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, referred to in the accompanying circular, respectfully and cordially invite you to meet with them in St. George's Church, in this City, On Wednesday the 5th of May, 1852, to hold a conference of the laity, with the object of sustaining and commending the present con­ stitution of the 'Church; against any measures that may be urged upon the approaching General Conference, with a view to change the organic laws under which by divine favpr the Church has so long prospered. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 217

If prevented'by circumstances from attending personally at the time and' place proposed, the committee requests an expression of your sen­ timents in relation to the matter, and in any case an early answer,-ad­ dressed to the Chairman of the Committee. By order of the Committee) JAMES B. LONGACRE, Chairman of Com. [Allen Trimble's reply.] HILLSBORO, OHIO 20th of April, 1852. Mr. James B. Longacre. DEAR SIR: I have received your letter of the 5th instant, contain­ ing an invitation from a Committee of laymen of the Methodist Epis­ copal Church, to meet them in Philadelphia on the 5th of next May, to hold a conference of the. Laity with the object of sustaining and rec­ ommending the. present Constitution of the Church. Against any meas­ ure that may be urged upon the approaching General Conference, with a view to change the organized law and on which by divine favor, the Church has so long prospered." With the request: "If prevented by circumstances, from attending personally at the time and place pro­ posed." "That I shall express my sentiments in relation to the matter referred to!" I thank the Committee for the honor of an invitation to the proposed Convention, but my present health forbids its acceptance, and to express my sentiments upon the subject to be acted upon in a manner satis­ factory to myself, would require investigation and thought which I have not bestowed upon it. I can say however, that I have a firm convict­ ion from my own observation of its working properties that the mach­ inery of Methodism as devised and put into operation by its great found­ er, is the most perfect, and the most efficient for the purposes intended of enlightening and saving the human race, that has as yet been invented by mortal man. I am therefore, not only satisfied, but pleased. Yes, (if the expression is allowable) proud of Methodism as it is! ! ! And I regard the attempts to change her Organic Law and Usages as tending not only to mar her beauty, but to. cripple her energies and disgrace her name. I do not pretend to know the sentiments of the Laity ih this state upon the subject, but having heard of no efforts to get up an excite­ ment upon the subject of a lay representative, I conclude there are a few, if any in Ohio who desire to a change in the Constitution of the Chureh for such purpose or for any other purpose. The Delegates fro[Johnm Ohi Trimbleo to th to.e Genera Allenl Trimble.Conventio ]n have a better opportunity to know the sentimentsNASHVILLE, of th, eOctobe memberr ths e upo7thn, thi1853s ,point , thaSIRn :I caThn ehave motive. Msy undestatemenr whict hwil thil bes ,lette thereforr is ewritten read wit, willh du, eI hopeallow,­ bancee a. sufficien t apology for the libertYourys Imos takte obedientlyin addressin, g you. ' It orig­ inates in a sincere desire to obtain any informationALLE, whicN hTRIMBLE you ma. y .possess in relation tp the writer's father, or his ancestors-—a rational, he thinks, as well as natural curiosity. On looking over old papers:—letters of date 1806, 1816 written by you and your brother William Trimble to my father—presented themselves and from them I infer you were known to each other in early life, were probably relations, and I have been induced to hope you might be able to communicate information, which would be grateful and interesting at least to his descendents. 218 ' Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

My father, James Trimble died in Nashville, 1824, in early manhood, aged 43. He left six infant children all of whom now living reside at Nashville. He was an only son, and child of John Trimble and Mary Alexander, of Rockbridge County, Virginia, educated at Washington College, E. Tenn.> studied law at Staunton, Va., settled at Knoxville, thence removed to Nashville. It has never been my fortune to meet with any relations on the Pa­ ternal side, and I have learned. nothing of his early life or parentage. if known to you in early life, his traits of character, and habits as a youth, his father, his traits, occupation or any information which you may possess as to his, ancestry, would be most gratefully received and re­ membered. A' few years ago, I addressed you a few lines on this subject at Spring­ field, Ohio, ,1 found afterwards your place of residence was Hillsboro. I suppose the letter never reached you, nothing now, would induce me to trouble you, but a strong desire to learn something of the early life of a parent, or of the parentage or ancestry of a parent, of whom I have a vivid remembrance as a boy, and for whom I cherish profound, affec­ tion and veneration. Respectfully yours, etc., [A. M. Searles to Allen Trimble.], JOHN TRIMBLE. CINCINNATI, October 27, 1853. DEAR SIR: The anniversary of the Missionary Society of the Meth- " odist, Kpiscopal Church will be celebrated in this city on the 4th, 5th and Gth days of December next. The Committee of Arrangements hereby extend to you an earnest and fraternal invitation to be present on that interesting occasion and to take such part in the public exercises of the same, as may be here­ after determined upon. Due notice will be given you on this point, after the receipt of your acceptance. Soliciting your favorable consideration and an early reply, I am dear Sir, Yours respectfully, A. M. SEARLES, Secretary, Committee of Arrangements. [John Swain to Allen Trimble.] BALTIMORE, May 17th, 1855. MY DKAR SIR: Your two letters have been duly received, and it affords me great pleasure to recognize again the handwriting of an old and esteemed friend. Amidst the troubles with which we have been surrounded here for winters past, I assure you that I have not forgotten our friends in Ohio; and I regret to add, that it is the only pleasing fea­ ture connected with the past I have heretofore borne.in the effort to carry out the internal improvements of our State. I am sick—sick—sick—of the very name of a railroad; and I have often wished at times that I had your zeal and energy to sustain me amidst their many perplexities. The period of depression through which we have passed, is indeed a serious one, as the railroad interest is now lower in the public estimation than any other to which we have heretofore looked for encouragement. That this state of things will not be permanent, I am bound tp believe; but it is certain that all roads that do not offer an undoubted tempt­ ation must go to the wall. • Whether many of those now in progress, will ever be finished, remains to be seen. The Board of this company would be indisposed now, to go into any controversey with the Marietta Company. Their own position is such as to make it prudent that they should keep themselves as much out of the public eye as possible. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 219

You have my good wishes and I hope sincerely, that you may suc­ ceed in getting back your road and your charter. It was certainly a most unfortunate step for you stockholders, and I have not ,a doubt that they all sincerely repent it. Struggling as we are for our exist­ ence, we are in no condition to make enemies either at home or abroad. There are many here who look to the Marietta road as our only reliable connection; and to take any step that would retard its completion might have a very injurious effect here. It is certain that we are in no condition to contribute one dollar to any work of internal improvement that may be hereafter projected, until our own are rendered more prosperous than they would seem to be at the present moment, and to tie up or otherwise embarrass the Marietta road without a certainty of something to take its place promptly, would not, I am satisfied, meet with' public approbation. The connection between Marietta and Wheeling must be totally aban­ doned. The scheme is simply preposterous; and their safety will de­ pend upon the most advantageous connection with the North-West­ ern road. As to this, however, they may consult their own conven­ ience of interest. I hope, my dear Sir, that you will appreciate the delicacy of our pos­ ition and permit us to decline becoming parties, to the suit now pending. I shall visit Parkersburg, about the 2nd of June. Our annual meeting is called for the 6th. I wish it were in "my power to extend.my visit a little further. T shall send by express to your address at Hillsboro, two copies of a History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, published in Philadelphia, in very handsome style. As the part I have borne in the completion of that great work, is pretty justly treated of and in a spirit of fairness, which contrasts somewhat with the spirit of detraction which is occas­ ionally indulged in. I would beg the favor of you to present one of them with my regards to your son William, and keep the other for yourself. And the reward that I have ever^ looked for from public service, was the good opinion of friends. And in this II have not been disappointed. With best regards to till[The my Americanfriends, I Party.]am, my dear Sir, I Very truly, " JNO. SWAIN. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF OHIO. CINCINNATI, July 11, 1855. To the Sub-Councils of Ohio: We send you the following digest of tbe Proceedings of the State Council at its late session in the city of Cleveland. As soon as the Treasury of the Slate Council will permit, the proceedings will be published entire, as heretofore. The Stale Council met on the 5lh of June, in Cleveland. The Platform of the Executive Council was presented and referred to a special committee of one from each Congressional District, and the balance of the proceedings of the Executive Council was referred to appropriate committees, reported upon and confirmed. The Committee on Credentials made their report. The following gentlemen were elected members of the Executive Council for the ensuing year: 1st District, T. C. Ware; 2nd, Wm. Neff; 3rd, L. B..Ogden;• 4th, J. C. Coe; 5lh, Edward Martin; Oth, Chambers Baird; 7th, A. McKay; 8th, J. V. Guthrie; Oth, Henry Ebert; 10th, S. L. Wallace; 11th, Gideon Martin; 12th, L. G. Vanslyke; 13th, A. Townsend; 14th, A. A. Bliss; 15th, A. Banning Norton; Kith, F. W. Wood; 17th, M. L. Hatcher; 18th, Albert Austin; l'Jlh, E. P. Sturtevant; 20th, C. C. Wick; 21st, B. D. Worthington. 220 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

The Committee on Platform made the following Report, which was adopted with great unanimity: We proclaim to the world the following: PRINCIPLES OF THE AMERICAN PARTY OF OHIO. I. The unlimited Freedom of Religion disconnected with politics— Hostility to ecclesiastical, influences upon the affairs of Government— Equality ofrights t o all naturalized emigrants who are thoroughly Amer­ icanized, and owe no temporal allegiance, by reason of their religion, higher than that to the Constitution. Il, No interference with the rights of citizenship already acquired by foreigners, and the protection of law to all who honestly emigrate from love of liberty; but the exclusion of foreign paupers and felons, and a refusal to extend theright o f suffrage to all who come hereafter until they shall have resided 21 years in the United States and complied with the Naturalization Laws. - III. Opposition to all political organizations composed exclusively of Foreigners and to Foreign Military Companies, and to all attempts to exclude the Bible from the, schools supported by the Government. IV. Slavery is local, not national:—we oppose its extension in any of our territories, and the increase of its political power by the admission into the Union of any Slave State or otherwise; and we demand pf the General Government an immediate redress of the great wrongs which have been inflicted upon the cause of Freedom and the American character, by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and the introduction of Slavery into Kansas, in violation of law, by the force of arms and the destruction of the elective franchise. V.. In humble imitation of the wisdom of Washington, «ve oppose all intervention in the affairs of Foreign States; yet on all proper occasions, we will not withhold our sympathy from any people aspiring to be free. VI. We support American Industry and genius against the adverse policy of foreign nations and facilities to internal and external commerce by the improvement of rivers and harbors and the construction of Nat­ ional roads connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific ocean, and uniting the various sections of the Union. VII. The Union of these States should be made perpetual by a faithful allegiance to the Constitution. VIII. In State policy we zealously advocate Retrenchment and Re­ form—a modification of the present oppressive system of taxation and a liberal system of public schools. A motion was made to proceed to nominate candidates for the different State offices, in accordance with the plan laid down by the Executive Council; various substitutes and amendments were offered, and the fol­ lowing finally passed: . Resolved, That whilst we wish it distinctly understood that we do not intend hereby, to commit ourselves to the support of any ticket for State Officers, which may have been, or may hereafter be, nominated by those not identified with this organization—we will not take any steps at this time to make nominations. Resolved, That all certificates and statements of votes already had or hereafter to be had, by Sub-Councils, be handed over to the Executive Council[Letter, and bapprisingy them kept Allen, withou Trimblet opening of ,his unti nominationl the first Tuesdafor Governor.]y in August, when they shall make sucCOLUMBUSh recommendation, OHIO, Auguss as tto 9thnominations, 1855. , orDEA callinR gSIR thi: s bodA Masy togethers Conventio, asn shal of lth seee Americam best;n etccaus. e in Ohio, assem­ bled in this city, this day, have unanimouslynominated you as a candidate for Governor of the State. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 221

The resolutions enclosed herewith, together with the proceedings of the meeting, will apprise you of the manner in which your name was presented, and the principles sustained by the people who constituted us a Committee to inform you of the nomination and request your acceptance thereof. Your entire life is our guarantee of your being at heart a true American —a lover of the Union—a supporter of the Constitution and well-wisher to our free institutions. We are confident that you will approve of the principles which we advocate, and we desire to cast our vote for one whose views of policy are not narrowed down, or judgment biasedsby sectional or geographical lines—but in its Americanism comprehends the inter­ ests of our native country. ' We desire to give your thousands of old friends—your true hearted countrymen—an opportunity to vote for a thorough friend of the Union, and an uncompromising foe to all disunionists. The present crisis demands prompt and efficient action at the Hands of our best citizens to secure the State and Nation from disaster and ruin. Inscribing upon our banners retrenchment and .reform—a repeal or modifications of our present iniquitous and unjust revenue and tax system and a restoration of the government to the hands of the people, we sincerely and earnestly ask your consent to the use of your name, and your acceptance of the nomination thus unanimously tendered you* by your friends and fellow-citizens. IRAD KELLEY [Allen Trimble to AlfredJAS. R Kelley. STANBERRY et al.], HILLSBOROA,. OHIOBANNIN, AugusG NORTONt 11th,, 1855. MESSRS. ALFRED KELLEY, JAS. R. STANBERRYE. P. , NORTONA. BANNIN. G NORTON, HON. ALLEAND NE .TRIMBLE P. NORTON, Hillsboro. , Ohio. GENTLEMEN: Your letter personally presented last evening at my residence, informing me, that "A Mass Convention of the friends of the American Cause in Ohio, assembled at Columbus, Ohio, pnthe 9th instant, had unanimously nominated me as a candidate for Governor of tbe State;" and urging'me to accept such Nomination, together with other letters and messages from many friends to the like effect, surprised me, and for the night disturbed that repose which for many years I have enjoyed in the shades of domestic retirement. The nomination has been made without any consultation with me, or the knowledge or consent of any person authorized to speak in my behalf —against my own personal wishes—and with the full knowledge on the part of the members of the Conventions that I was not a member of the party represented by them,vand therefore when this morning I announce to you as I now do, that although it might have been more expedient to pres­ ent some other name, or my name under more auspicious circumstances, nevertheless being satisfied that at this crisis the use of it may result in the accomplishment of great public good, and cannot result in any pos,- sible public harm. I waive all personal considerations and trust the use Of it as a candidate for Governor to the people of Ohio, in the full confi­ dence that .they will not destroy -or^tarnish the humble reputation which they have awarded me for past services, and that after an acquaintance of half a century they will not (—impugn), my motives. The very pleasing terms used by you, in communicating the proceed­ ings of the Convention and their Resolution confirming the unsolicited honor of a nomination awakens in my bosom, feelings of the warmest gratitude for the high appreciation expressed for my past life; and no language can more forcibly portray that gratitude that for me to say I ask nothing more, if when this crisis is over, and all the business of life is 222 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

over and done, it could be truly said as you now say in complimentary language, ''That 1 have been a true American, a lover of the Union, a supporter of the Constitution, and a well wisher of free Institutions. " It I have always been the firm and (I hope) consistent advocate of civil and religious liberty of the rightso f conscience, and the cause of temperance, education, morality and religion and of progress and reform as known and defended by American Laws, Courts, Constitutions, and the Bible, and if always to have been ready to guard and defend those causes against any foreign or domestic malign influence, constitutes a true Amer­ ican, then' I claim to be one. If always lo have advocated national principles broad enough to comprehend, cherish and protect all the varied interests of the different Stales in our great Confederacy and to have been at no time a member of any other than a National party and the supporter of none other than men of National character, and if to have abhorred and opposed any sectional party constitutes a lover of the Union, then I have endeavored to be such. If to have believed and ever advocated that our form of Government as established by the Constitution of the United States, and the (Republican) Constitution of the several stales, constituted the most perfect system of well regulated power, and well balanced restraints as between the citizens of the several states, that could have been devised by Man, and that such form of Government and the laws enacted in pursuance thereof as interpreted by the courts afforded to each citizen full protection and ample encouragement for the develop­ ment of all his high endowments as a free agent. Then such belief and humble advocacy constitutes me a supporter of the Constitution. If to have emigrated at an early day with all of my family, after the emanci­ pation of our slaves from the slave slate to an almost unbroken free territory and constantly thereafter to have endeavored to uphold and spread the area of territory for free white men, and free -labor by all constitutional means, and if to have maintained and eVer to have voted (when in public life), that it was the duty of those who held power in our own slate, and aid the development of all the resources of the country by the judicious encouragement of internal improvements to aid the territory industry and labor of the citizen in the transaction of hrs busi­ ness, the support of his family and'the accumulation of a,competency by wiving to him a sound, safe and convertible medium of exchange in this pionee[Editorialr life. from The American Citizen, Hillsboro, Ohio.]. Your obedient and grateful friend, FINALE OF THE PLOT.—The last act of the grand swindle upon the ALLEN TRIMBLE. American parly, which firstbecam e visible at the Cleveland State Council on the 5th of June last, was exhibited at Columbus on the 7th of August, by Spooner and Company. This company of superfine traitors and swin­ dlers, from the adjournment at Cleveland up to the present, time, have been laboring in every possible manner to impress upon the Order, the belief that if Cleveland convention had done their duty and made a nomination, that CHASE would have been the man. We believed this to be a base fabrication from the first, and part of the general plan by which the Order were to be swindled, and we now know it to be false, every word of it. A delegate from this county, to the convention of the Oth, of unimpeachable veracity, informs us that whilst in Columbus on the evening of the 8th, he was in the room occupied as the business place, for the time of the Executive Council, and saw and examined the tallies of the votes for Governor, as sent from the subordinate Councils of the State to the Grand Council.at Cleveland, on the 5th of June and ascertained that if the nomination had taken place on that vote, that BRINKERIIOOF would have been the nominee of the Order, over Chase by a large majority. This was also reported to us by a shrewd and honest delegate to Cleveland Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 223

from this county, who only last Tuesday reiterated it and said that L. D. Campbell and others assigned as the reason why the nominations ought to be postponed, that if they were then made, according to the votes of the subordinate Councils, Brinkerhoof, a known Democrat, would be the candidate of the Order for Governor. The nomination, was therefore, in opposition to the will of a majority, as many of the delegates will affirm, postponed until the 13th of August and then to be made absolutely by the executive, or a new Grand Council, as the case might be, but instead of meet ing in pursuance of that adjournment and making the nominations as it required, the President called the meeting on the 7th, when they resolved not to make nominations—to treat the resolutions of the Grand Council with utter contempt, and usurp all the power of the members of the Order, the better to counteract their wishes at the convention of the 9.th, and thus force them by the machinery of the Order, to support the Fusion Abolition ticket of Chase & Company. There never was a series of blacker perfidies and heartless treacheries practiced upon any party than have been made„to operate upon the American party, to thwart their will, divert attention from their principles and extort their votes to build up the most reckless and dangerous set of demagogues in the Union. [The Columbus Continental reprinted in the Hillsboro • American Citizen, August 18, 1885] THE AMERICAN PARTY ORGANIZED IN OHIO—THE AMERICAN STATE MEETING. The American party organized in Ohio—the American State meeting, on the Oth, was well attended by staunch and reliable men from all parts of the State. They came together for the purpose of administering a merited rebuke to demagogues and tricksters—to proclaim to the world their devotion to American principles—their determination to maintain their obligations—to remain true and steadfast to their vows—and to put in nomination an honest and honorable man whose election would reflect credit upon the State and nation. The notice of the meeting had been but a short time out—there was no organized effort in its behalf—no Central or County Committees to circulate the word or to urge ar, attendance—no "Executive" or official" to issue a proclamation—no concerted action of the Press in its behalf. It was a spoilt aneous movement of ihe people— an assemblage of freemen who could not be bought by a price or cajoled by the promise and ex­ pectation of a mess of pottage. No sooner was the suggestion for this meeting made than movements were set on foot to prevent it. In all parts of the State, papers heretofore professedly American—and men loud mouthed in asseverations of regard for American principles', opposed it. Letters circulated, private and con­ fidential communications were sent to men in every town and county for the purpose of preventing any representation at said meeting. All man­ ner of wires were pulled, and .men having the inside track, forgetful, or rather disregarding, the courtesies due from their position, tried'to jockey and drive the people from their course. .But all these efforts of pretended friends and open foes would not avail. The 9lh came—and with it came the meeting—a highly enthusiastic meeting—and under the peculiar circumstances very large. A spirit of determination—a genuine American spirit prevailed such as we have never before witnessed at any Convention held in this State. The opposition press—Editors with whom we have never before been at variance—as well as our "old and ancient enemies"—may distort and misrepresent as they have the ability and disposition \o do—but they cannot change the facts nor alter the position of the true Americans of Ohio. 224 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

There is an American party in Ohio—an open, organized party com­ posed of men who know theirrights, an d knowing dare maintain them. The determined spirit of the Convention impressed itself upon all who witnessed its session. The proceedings as given in another column will convey some idea of it to those who were absent. The men promptly and properly did up the work which brought them together—and after setting the ball of organization in motion by the appointment of a Central Committee, determined to put their own shoulders to the wheel also, and aid in propelling the cause onward. The resolutions unanimously adopted speak the sentiments of true Americans. They proclaim the deep regard and affection which we enter­ tain for the Union—our respect and veneration for the admonitions of WASHINGTON—and our abhorrence of sectional parties. They condemn the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and demand redress for the great wrong. They declare a firm determination not to abandon the principles of the American party, nor to permit the great interests of the people of Ohio to be merged or lost sight of in the present contest. Hon. ALLEN TRIMBLE, a favorite Governor of the State in times when a thought of disunion was abhorred as a crime, a man of lofty character and strong and manly intellect, was placed in nomination for Governor, as the representative of the views expressed, and an honorable, high- minded man in whose election every American citizen could feel an honest pride. When Hon. IRAD KELLEY, of Cuyahoga, oritakingthechairatthe tempor­ ary organization announced that the Convention, composed of men who loved their country and their whole country, had met to nominate for Governor an honest man, the loud applause of that announcement told in terms not to be misunderstood the opinion entertained of the candidates then in thefield fo r that office. The expressions' of the various speakers in reference to them, and the manner in which they were met, showed how the people really felt, and the necessity that existed for another can­ didate. The reading of the resolutions was frequently interrupted by the outbreaks pf applause, and every mention of ALLEN TRIMBLE'S name was enthusiastically cheered. It was also highly gratifying to observe the deep hold that the name of Harrison has upon the affections of the people, and how it revived pleasing recollections to hear of the gallant old hero of Tippecanoe. How cheering it was too to hear the "Star Spangled Banner," and other patriotic pieces admirably performed by the Continental Brass Band, of Cincinnati,—how strongly it told the character, the sentiments, the intent of those composing that meeting who "cheered to the echo," [From Independent Enterprise.] and in their every movement gave evidence of pure devotion to American THEprinciple THREE sCANDIDATES. and a firm determination to battle manfully for their success. To-day the citizens of this State are called' —Columbu upon sto Continental. elect nine Stale officers, viz: a Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Auditor, Secretary of State, Treasurer, two Judges of the Supreme Court, an Attorney General, and a member of the Board of Public Works. The Democrats have made up a "ticket," the Freesoilers and Know Nothings join in another "ticket," with the exception of Governor, for which- place the Free­ soilers and Know Nothings at their "fusion" meeting in this city nomi­ nated Mr. Chase, but afterwards a portion of the Know Nothings, acting under the leadership of a portion of the Whig party, nominated Mr. Trimble. The almost exclusive attention of the public has been turned upon the candidate for Governor, and as an assistance to the voter in arriving at a conclusion for whom he should vote, we'will give some Correspondence of Allen Trimble. ' 225

account of each of the three candidates.— We have already spoken of Mr. Chase, and the prominence we have given him, is but the prominence his opponents have given him. We describe the battle as we see it, but do not mingle in the affray. If Trimble papers and Medill papers choose to have Chase, Chase, Chase, printed from one end of their sheets to the other, that is their affair,' as faithful chroniclers we describe things as they meet our eye. ALLEN TRIMBLE.—Mr. Trimble was born in Virgin^, when a year old his father moved into Kentucky. He ig now sevent™two years old. In the war of 1812 he commanded two expeditions for the relief of Fort Meigs. His father was opposed to slavery, and emancipating his slaves chose a spot in the free territory of Ohio in 1803, but dying, Allen moved over with the family to the spot" where he still resides, now Hillsborough, Highland county. He was clerk of the county ten years, representative in the State Legislature seven years, and President of that body six years. He was also a fund commissioner for obtaining the State loans. Governor Brown being elected to the U. S. Senate, Mr. Trimble by virtue of his office as speaker of the Senate, became Governor of the State. In 1826 and 1828 ne was re-elected Governor by the people. During all this time Mr. Trimble was an active and consistent Whig, and so remains. He is an honest man, and this the. poet declares is "the noblest work,of God!" A proud character after so long a life, and so great a portion of it spent in the public service! Though advanced in years, Mr. Trimble is aston­ ishingly active and powerful, his address and manner have a winning affability that is very charming. The friends of Mr. Trimble were aston­ ished at his accepting the nomination of the "bolting Know Nothings," and his family are understood to be much opposed to it. He has sons who are unsurpassed "stump speakers," but they have not taken any part in forwarding his cause. Mr. Thompson, the husband of his daughter, only, has been active in his behalf. No one has a reproach to cast upon the good old veteran, but no one who "knows the ropes" expects to see him elected, so no violent opposition is made against him. The result of our review of the three candidates is this—those who want to vc' for the best man irrespective of party, know by the past what Gov. ivledill is, and they will support or oppose him accordingly. During the six years Mr. Chase was in the Senate, it is acknowledged he' did his duty to bis constituents and the West, as far as material interests were concerned. It is said he gained his place corruptly, but none say he was corrupt, in his place. As a man he stands high among his neighbors and acquaintances. Of Allen Trimble we have emphatically said—he is an honest man. • , To those who wish to vote from political motives, the result is about this—Medill is a thorough-going democrat and supporter of President Pierce and his measures, we have never heard his political consistency questioned. [FromChase theis aAmerican supporte Citizenr of theright of Augusto f th e18 slav, 1855.e state] s to man­ age theirWHA ownT affairsIS TH,E buTRUt opposeE POSITIOs the Nextensio OF THE nAMERICA of slaveryN beyonPARTYd ?it s present limitsAre. the Ity icommittes said bids bambitioy any action extendn of theis tor bodythe ,Presidency to the adoptio. Then ofreef th-e soiler13th Juls wily lconvention give him ?thei anrd votesif not, arthouge theh yth noe tDemocrat left frees an andd independen Abolitionistt s repudiatto suppore thim suc. h Mrportion. Trimbles onl, yis anos tthe a yKno approvew Nothing? Upo, thougn whaht nominate pretensed barye thathety partycalled, hupoe ins iann Highlanold-fashioned countyd Whig, at, leastand ,thos to egiv Whige theis rwh supporo aret indifferento Salmont tPo. Chasethe succes? Is iotf t tho bee othe founr dcandidates in the antecedent, will pasy ohif tham tht gentlee com-^- pliment of their support. 226 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

man, or in his present position.before the people of Ohio? To pretend to hold up Mr. Chase in any other light than an abolitionist, is absurd. Are the American Order of Highland converts to this doctrine, in the mildest acceptation? I presume not. And worse than this, Mr. Chase and his organs in Ohio, are the bitter and open revilers of the. American Order, and using all their efforts to secure the vote of the foreigner. Look at the Commercial of Cincinnati, the hired and paid organ of the Catholic Bishop, with the disunion flago f Chase at its head, repudiating the balance of the ticket, and reviling^ the American party, with all the bitter and violent curses and denunciations of which the English language is susceptible, and then uublushingly turns round and urges the American party, like dogs, to lick the hand that strikes them—to vote for Salmon P. Chase. This too, in the face of the convention of the 9th, which has presented to us the name of Allen Trimble, who for 20 years, guided the helm of State, in the brightest and proudest days of our political history. This is a picture which all calm and dispassionate men will ponder well before they take a leap into the dark-gulf of Abolition. VERITAS. [E. P. Jones to Allen Trimble.] FINDLAY, HANCOCK COUNTY, OHIO. HON. ALLEN TRIMBLE, DEAR SIR: Please inform the undersigned how your views compare with the fourth article of the Ohio American platform on the subject of Slavery as adopted at Cleveland in June last. Many of the- Chase men of the American Party in this vicinity oppose you on no other ground than that you favor the extension of slavery. Very respectfully yours, E. P. JONES. [Allen Trimble's Reply.] HILLSBORO, OHIO, 24th September, 1855. MR. E. P. JONES, DEAR SIR: On my return from Columbus on the 22nd inst, I received your letter, (without date), from Hancock county, Ohio. You inform me "that many of the Chase men of the American party in your vicinity, oppose me on no other grounds than that I am in favor of the existence of slavery," and you desire me to inform you how my views compare with the 4-th article of the American order, adopted at Cleveland in June last upon the subject of slavery. I will state to you very briefly my views upon this all ingrossing subject, and leave you to compare them with the article referred to. I am and have been for half a century opposed to slavery and, to the increase of its political power and extension beyond the limits prescribed for it by the Constitution of the United States and the laws, ordinances and compromises made for its government in conformity with the prin­ ciples of that sacred instrument. I am opposed to all aggressive acts upon the rights of either North or South; East or West relative to slavery. I am opposed to that high toned Abolitionism which is now careening over the North and West under the lead of ambitious men, mostly poli­ ticians. The tendency of which is to embitter the minds pf the people of the North and West against the people of the South, and to exasperate the feelings of the South against the North and West. And to prepare the American mind for the inevitable result of a bitter controversy upon this exciting question—"A dissolution of our glorious Union." I am opposed to the action of the last Congress upon the subject of slavery, and especially to the repeal by that body of the Missouri Compro­ mise, for the restoration of which I would use every legal and Constitu- Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 227

tional means to which resort can be had. And I would, moreover, demand that the late violations of law in Nebraska designed to free slavery into that territory, (disgraceful alike to the National Government and its agents) should be investigated and the agents, abettors and perpetrators of those outrages be held to a very strict account for their illegal acts, and receive the punishments due to their crimes. I presume that more need not be said. Very respectfully and truly yours, ALLEN TRIMBLE.

[John Bryze et al. to Allen Trimble] XENIA, September 21, 1855. HON. ALLEN TRIMBLE, . \ DEAR SIR: We have appointed Saturday the 27th day of September, on which to hold a mass meeting of the people of Greene County, to fur­ ther the true cause of your election to the Governor's office. Your friends are anxious that you should be with us. Your presence here will be of great service to the cause. We have commenced in earnest and intend to contest every inch of ground until the sunset of the 2nd Tuesday of October. Many of the old Whigs are standing in doubt, and we want the counsel of some of the corner trees of the old Whig line. Our people are anxious to hear from your friends and we have appointed a series of meet­ ings throughout the country and it will be thoroughly canvassed. We will have a large meeting here and we hope you will be with us without fail. Very respectfully yours, DANIEL JOB, JAS. W. HARPER, G. C. CLARK, THOS. L. MORRIS, JNO. T. BRYCE, THU. ELLSBERRY, DANIEL LEAMIS, M. N. TRADER, JNO. S. MCWHINK, JAS. S. SEST, JOHN HAR.BEIN, A. I. THORK, C. R. MERRICK[David, ChambersS. A. BASSFORD to Allen, Trimble.]JAS. A . SCOTT. OAK GROVE,(near Zanesville) Sept. 26, 1855. DEAR SIR: From the moment of your nomination as a candidate for the office of Governor, I have been constantly impelled to write you a letter, which I now do at this late period. Being contemporary with yourself in the various phases of Ohio politics, and in which I believe we have heretofore uniformly acted in concert, I feel desirous that you should finish your careerwvith honor to yourself, and without a blot or stain upon your fair character and public reputation. The great issues now at stake require the utmost stretch of patriotism and a cordial unity of action. Your present candidacy in my humble opinion is antagonistical to both. There was no state necessity for your nomination. It was gotten up by a few discontented Whigs and others of doubtful political character, and at a time when almost all the leading politicians in the state were com­ mitted and had taken ground in favor of one or the other of the two candidates in the field. There was no possible opening for the success of a third candidate. The popular mind had set strongly against the slavery propagandists, and Mr. Chase (however exceptional to myself and others) received an overwhelming vote in convention as the candidate of the Republican party. As such he will now stand and must receive the vote of every honest anti-slavery marl in the state. You cannot by any pos­ sibility under existing circumstances receive even a plurality of votes. You might by possibility defeat the election of Mr. Chase and secure that of his opponent, Medill. From the course of the Democratic press it is evident they favor your progress as a candidate with hopes of such an ultimate issue. Now contemplating such a result, how would you and I 228 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

feel and how would you stand in the estimation of the great mass of youi friends in the Republican party? To hear the shouts of the slave democ­ racy heralding an administration victory, caused by an indiscreet division of Whigs and Republicans. I am sensible that such a result would shock you and deeply wound your sensibility. It would be a matter to be deplored through after life. Now let me entreat you as an old friend not to be flattered or deceived by interested friends or politicians, that you can by any possibility be elected. Chase or Medill, one or the other, will of necessity be the man and no discreet or disinterested politician can come to any other conclusion. Many good Whigs and Freesoilers have become alarmed at the pros­ pects of the canvass and have encouraged me to write. They deprecate the election of Medill. Before your nomination no one doubted an easy victory of the Republican ticket. If any considerable division be made in your favor it will jeopardize the election of our Governor. You will get but few votes in this county and your most earnest supporters avow their main purpose to be the defeat of Chase. If by possibility you can be brought to view this matter in the aspect which I do, you would yet decline such an inauspicious political contest. Should the election terminate as I confidently predict it will, your with­ drawal would save your own probable regrets and insure the undivided applause and approbation of every true Republican in the State. How much greater.the honor of such a course, than to stand up a defeated candidate under the malediction of thousands. Confidently anticipating that you will receive this as the aGt of an old and sincere friend an[And weig invitationh its content to sAllen earnestl Trimble]y and candidly I remain OFFICEwith besCLAYt MONUMENTwishes fo ASSOCIATION,r your health , peace and comfort. TrulLEXINGTONy yours, ,etc. KY., , May, 1857. Sir:. The design for the national Clay Monument havinDAVIDg beeCHAMBERSn selecte. d and the work put under contract, it has been determined by the directors to lay the Corner Stone on the 4th of July next. Every arrangement has been made to give this occasion the highest interest; One of the most, gifted sons of the Republic (Rev. Ro. J. Breckinridge,) has consented to deliver the oration; and the most extended arrangements for the large assemblage Of citizens, volunteer military companies, and other organized bodies that may be in attendance are made. The pleasant season of the year, with the railroad facilities for reaching Lexington, promise one of the largest and most imposing assemblages that has ever taken place in the West. Your attendance, sir, is respectfully solicited upon this deeply interes- ing and grateful occasion; when it is proposedto commence a work which is to commemorate the life and character of one of the noblest patriots, whose names adorn our National annals. Very respectfully yours, H. T. DUNCAN, BENJ. GRATZ, HORACE B. HILL, HENRY BELL, THOS. A. MARSHALL. Correspcndence of Allen Trimble. 229

[W..H. Yeatman to Allen Trimble] CINCINNATI, March 5th, 1859. Gov. ALLEN TRIMBLE, DEAR SIR: By resolution of the "Cincinnati Pioneer Association," I am requested to invite you to address them on the 7th of April, next, the anniversary of thefirst settlemen t in Ohio. Hoping that it may suit your convenience to accept, I remain, Yours with high regard, W. H. YEATMAN, V. P. [Allen Trimble's Reply] HILLSBORO, OHIO, March 10th, 1859. MR. THOS. H. YEATMAN, S DEAR SIR: I have received your letter of the 5th instant.in which you inform me "That by a resolution of the American Pioneer Association, •you are authorized to invite me to address the Association on the 7th of April, next," the anniversary of the first settlement of Ohio, and you "express the hope that it Will suit my convenience to accept." I assure you, sir, I feel highly honored by the invitation—and regret the necessity 1 am under to decline its acceptance. During the past few weeks, 1 have suffered much with neuralgic rheum­ atism—part of the time confined to my room and I could not engage (with propriety) to visit Cincinnati on the 7th of April, next. Please present me most respectfully to the Association, and for your­ self accept assuranc[Elishae of my Whittlesy high regard to. Allen Trimble]ALLEN TRIMBLE. CANFIELD, March 4th. 1860. HON. ALLEN TRIMBLE, Hillsboro, Ohio. DEAR SIR:. Your favor of the 15th, mailed at Washington on the 1st instant, Was received last night, and as I hope to leave for Washington early tomorrow morning, I give a brief answer today. You are not correctly informed, as I am not writing a history of the war of 1812; but I am endeavoring to collect, and to record, what was con­ nected with calling out the troops in the 4th, Division commanded by Major General Elijah Wadsworth, the first campaign after General Hull s surrender. From the 22nd of August to the 29th of November, General Wadsworth protected the frontier from below Mansfield, to Lower Sandusky and from thence to the mouth of Sandusky Bay, with a very few exceptions of Indian incursions. General Wadsworth retired on the last day mentioned, and the command devolved upon General Perkins, and he was equally vigilant and successful until General Harrison joined him at Lower Sandusky about the 18th of January, 1813, on being informed that General Winchester had arrived at the Rapids of the Miami, and yet Mr. McAffee only mentioned their names, once or twice, and of one he speaks with disapprobation. General Wadsworth sustained his command for at least thirty days on his own purchases, and at times it was 2000; for as small a sum as was paid for Kossuth thirteen days at Brown's or was voted by our legislature, to induce the Executives of Kentucky and Tennessee, and the legis­ latures of those states, to make the journey from Cincinnati to Columbus. My desire to collect these facts, and leave them for some one hereafter to do justice to the officers and men of the 4th Division. I have no expectation Of publishing anything. Be pleased to permit me to ask you, were you at Fort McArthur the 25th of January, 1813? After Winchester's defeat. I am happy to hear from you, and to believe you are in comfortable health. I cannot say how long I shall be absent, or in Washington. Most sincerely yours, ELISHA WHITTLESY. 230 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[Invitation to Allen Trimble] CINCINNATI, February, 1801. ALLEN TRIMBLE, ESQ., Hillsboro, Ohio. DEAR SIR: The 120th anniversary of the birthday of George Wash­ ington, "Tbe Father of his country" will be celebrated by a festival at the Burnett, House in this city. We deem it peculiarly appropriate at this important and interesting period in the history of our country that those who honor the memory and revere the precepts of him who was "first in war, lirst in peace and firsti n the hearts of his countrymen," should meet together to celebrate the return of the day which gave to our country the purest patriot, the noblest man, the brightest ornament of humanity which I lie world has ever seen. We wish to gather around our board some of the distinguished men of our land from its various sections, who love to honor the memory of the illustrious dead who sleeps in the shades, of Mount. Vernon, and we take great pleasure as tbe organ of those who will be assembled on tbe occasion to earnestly invit e your presence with us. May we not. hope to have the pleasure of seeing you, and of hearing words of cheer and encouragement to those who love their country, their whole country? With high respect, your obedient servants. JNO. W, DUDLEY, TIIOS. C. WARE, Jos. K. TORENCK, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROCHESTECommitteeR MEETING on Invitation.. A meet ing of conscrv.il ivc men was held in the city of Rochester, N. Y., on the ISih and lfltli nf August, 1S03, "for consultation, and lo take such action as might be-deemed mosl effective to unite 1 lie Conservative ele­ ments o"f the country in the approaching Presidential campaign." The first day was occupied in hearing reports of members from Uie several stales as to. the strength and movements of Political parlies, and the discussion of Nalional affairs. The reports embraced the history and progress of the Republican parly as a Northern sectional organization, and elicited the fact, that since the last Presidential election, the Demo­ cratic party has not, unassisted, been able to carry any State except New Jersey; also that, in some of Ihe States tbe party which sup­ ported Bell and Everett had retained its organization, and in others, its members had stood aloof from the two great parlies, voting simply as Conservative men; that whenever the Democratic part y had by its action in the Slates commanded the respect and votes of the Conservative ele­ ments, it has invariably succeeded; that in preparing for the State election for the current }'car, doctrines in regard to the War have been advanced by men in high positions among the Democrats, at variance alike with true conservatism, and the security of the Government,, and endangering the destruction of the political power of that party; 1 bat the Republican party is rapidly becoming abolitionized, while the Democratic is acting more as an opposition party, than according lo any well defined policy in regard to the great issue of the War for.the Union. These reports and discussions were continued at length and resulted in the conclusion that the Conservatives of the country should definitely affirm their views upon the main issues before the people, and whatever might result from the Stale elections, be prepared by organizations to exert their proper in­ fluence in the Presidential, election near at hand. On motion of General Leslie Combs, Hon. Garrett Davis, Hon. N. H. Wood, S. W. Baily, R. F. Stevens and J. P. Faurot, were appointed a Committee on Resolutions and Business. At the second day's session the following resolutions were reported by the Committee and after a critical discussion, unanimously adopted. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 231

Resolved, That this meeting hereby forms an association of Conserva­ tive Union men for the next Presidentifd campaign, and that we invite the union and'co-operation of all who are opposed to the election of any office in the gift of the people of any person in political connection or sympathy with secession, abolitionism or fanaticism of any kind; that our abiding purpose., in brief, is, the suppression of the Rebellion; the maintenance of the Union; adherence lo the Constilulion;fidelity to the Government; the enforcement of the laws; opposition to foreign inter­ vention. Resolved, That a National Committee be appointed by this meeting, to consist of two members from each State and a secretary , who shall be, ?x-officio, a member thereof; said Committee to have power to (ill vacan­ cies; that it shall be the duly of the Committee to elect a President and Treasurer, and to call a National Convention for the nomination of a .'resident and Vice President of the United States, and !o make all nec- -.ssary arrangements for conducting the Presidential campaign, and to confer with other Conservative organizations for the purpose of securing mi led action, Resolved, That.the establishment of the independence of the Slates in revolt Would entail upon the people of the Uniled Slates evils more jrevious and greatly more enduring than all that would result from the -continuance of the war; wherefore every patriot should supporl the ap- jroprialion of all money and men necessary for a vigorous and successful jrosecution of the war against the people in a state of ni'ilii ary insurrection in til they dissolve their military array against the United Slates, and i- good faith return to the Union under their respective Slate Constitu- tons existing at the time they revolted. Resolved, That the people of a State, any portion of whom are in insur- ttction against the Uniled States, should t hey.abandon such insurrection i:id return to their allegiance and obedience to Hie authoriiy of the Oust it ill ion and laws of tlie United States, may thereupon without f'rtber condition elect and send to Congress, Senators and Represcnta- l yes elected according to the Constitution and laws of 1 lie Uniled Slates aid their respective Slates, and perforin every other ,u:l in conducting the l'ideral Government, which the people of any Slate may right fully do; j'ovided, however, that all persons who in this revolt have violated any i.fthc criminal or penal.laws of. the Uniled States, will be subject to be tied according to the forms prescribed by the Constitution and laws of llu Uniled States for such offences. Resolved, That the right of properly, whether in lands, personalty, or Srtves in the States, is exclusively within the authority and jurisdiction o' the Stales, respectively, and the owners of all or cither .of these three cksses of properly cannot be deprived of it by the Government of the Lnited States, the President, or any military, or civil officer thereof, e:cept for public use and just compensation, or for crimes committed, of vhich they shall be convicted according to the mode and form of trial jrcscribed by the Cons'titution. Resolved, 'that the sole end for which the United States Government has pwer to carry on the existing war against the people in revolt is to sup­ press their insurrection and to compel them to obey the Constitution and tie laws of Congress; and whenever this end is effected, cii.her by military pwer or the voluntary submission of the insurgents, there is no other l.wful end for which the war could be further prosecuted; and it would lecome the duty of Congress, which the Constitution charges with the : ippression of insurrections, at once to close the war. ' Resolved, That iii order to secure a full representation of the entire ountry in the convention herein provided for, and an energetic prose- cation of the campaign, we call upon Conservative men in every town and ounty of the Uniled Stales to form Conservative Union Clubs, by the cection of a President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer, and sport the same to the Secretary of the National Committee. 232 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

A National Committee was thereupon appointed, with R. F. Stevens as its permanent Secretary, During the session the following motions were carried: That the Committee be styled "The National Conservative Unior Committee." That the members from each of the States be authorized to name three other from their States respectively, to act as advisory or corresponding members. That each person designated shall become a member of the Committee upon the receipt of his acceptance by the Secretary, • That the Secretary be instructed to call the Committee together at its first meeting. N#w YORK, November 9, 1863. To GOVERNOR' TRIMBLH, DEAR SIR;- You are respectfully invited to attend a Convention to be held at "Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 3rd day of December next, at 12 M, for the purpose of consultation, and taking such action as may be deemei most effective to secure the nomination and election of Conservathe menftin the approaching Presidential campaign. The meeting will be composed of Old Line Whigs—War Democrats—Conservative Mei:, without regard to former party predilections—Friends of Jackson. We)'- ster,. Clay and Crittenden, who desire to preserve the Union and the Cor- stitution unimpaired—who are willing to take their stand upon tie KENTUCKY PLATFORM, opposed alike to secession and abolition fanali1- cism,—who believe that the war should be carried on till those in aimed revolt are compelled to obey the Constitution and the laws of Congresi, and who hold that the State Governments suspended by the revolt shouid be restored under their State Constitutions respectively. All sum persons are invited to be present. The meeting will be held under the auspices of the "National Coi- aervative Union Committee," apppinted at the recent Rochester Coi- vention, of which the venerable patriot, Amos Kendall, is chairmai; that Committee having been called to meet at the same time and plate.. %n his letter to the Secretary, Mr. Kendal!writes, '' The only sure platfonn for patriotic men who love the Union is The Constitution as it is.- " W :h the gentlemen whose names you mention, (members of the Committes), I am prepared to co-operate in the attempt to unite the Conservatve dements of the country in the next Presidential election, and it seens to me no time should be lost in determining upon a line of policy to it steadily pursued henceforth." Persons arriving to attend the meeting will please report their names t) the National Committee at the Burnett House. Enclosed please finl proceedings of the Rochester meeting. AYoun invitatior presencne fro is mearnestl the oldy linsolicitede Whigs—"friend, that we mas oyf havJacksone the, Webstebenefiti d -Cla youy ran counseld Crittenden. " toB Cincinnaty Order oif thmeetinge Committee, Novembe, . r 9th, 1863. On the back is written in Governor Trimble'R. F. STEVENSs minut,e Secretary.hahd-writi n the following:; The appointment of a 10meetin5 Easgt i49tn Cincinnath Street,i Ne isw timelYorkj anPd. promise S.—Pleass favorable informe uresultss if we. ma Iyf therexpece ti syou a majoritr attendancey of th. e people Jo the United States in favor of maintaining the Constitution as it is and preserving the Union at all hazards, they cannot hesitate but at once give up all party names and as true Conservative Union men to unite in a mighty effort to save the country under its Constitution and laws. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 233

[A. Banning Norton to Allen Trimble.] MOUNT VERNON, OHIO, Nov. 21st, 1863. MY DEAR SIR: Herewith find note of invitation to a meeting of National Conservative men to be held at Cincinnati, on the 3rd of Decem­ ber, and to which, as a member of the National Conservative Union Committee, I most respectfully invite you. The proceedings in part, of the Rochester Meeting, I also enclose, that you may see the views entertained by those instrumental in getting the proposed meeting up. It would give me personally much pleasure to see you there, and I am sure, that all who are concerned in this movement would cheerfully greet you, and most thankfully receive such advice and counsel as you might feel disposed to give. • With sincere regard, I am, Very truly yours, [Allen Trimble to A. B. Norton.]A. BANNIN G NORTON. HILLSBORO, OHIO, April 13th, 1865. MY DEAR SIR: I have received your letter of the 7th instant, re­ questing me to furnish you with some items of my own personal history, a short sketch of my ancestry, the time and place of my birth, the date of my emigration to Ohio, the various offices I have filled, and any and all events of a character I may deem worthy of consideration. Also notice of my family who have been in public position. And further you request me 'If I have any letters from General Harrison, Henry Clay, Mr. Crit­ tenden or any other of our old Whig friends of a character to be read with interest" you would like to receive copies of them. You write that you "have been engaged for some time upon a work which will be a defense of the Whigs, and which will exonerate our party from all blame in bring­ ing upon the country, the terrible and horrible Civil War in which we for the last four years have been engaged." Approving as I do, most sincerely, your purpose, I shall comply as far as I can with your request. My ancestors were of Scotch and Irish descent: Allen, Anderson, Christie, or Christian, on mother's side; Trimble, Trumbull, Tumbull and Pringle on the father's side. The latter was pur Original name. Two families of the Trimbles, Aliens, Anderson and Christie (each) emigrated to America in the early part of the 17th century, and after a few years removed to Pennsylvania, excepting John who settled in the Valley, now Augusta County, Virginia. There near Stanton, my grand-parents lived and my father James Trimble and my mother Jane Allen Trimble were born there where they lived until 1784, when they removed to Ken­ tucky and settled in what is now Woodford county, Augusta was my birth place, born the 24th, of November, 1783. In 1803 rhy father set his slaves free and determined to move to Ohio. In the autumn of that year he visited Ohio to make the necessary prepa­ rations for the removal of his family. He built a comfortable log house, had ground cleared on a tract of land comprising 1,200 acres; planted an orchard, and in the autumn of 1804, returned to Kentucky—was taken ill and died. The family remained in Kentucky until 1805, when they removed to the house prepared for them by the husband and father, in Highland County, Ohio, I was the oldest and of course, had to remain with my mother and I engaged in cultivating a farm for our support, taking as opportunity offered work in surveying which I preferred to other occupation. In 1807 the Clerk's office became vacant and I suc­ ceeded in getting the appointment of Clerk and Recorder—and having married a wife, Margaret McDowell of Kentucky, daughter of Major Joe McDowell, of North Carolina, we settled in Hillsborough. Towards the close of the Constitutional term of Clerk and Recorder some of our cit- 234 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

izens said I spent too much of my time surveying and selling lands for non­ residents. New Judges or old ones were to be appointed and my oppo­ nents elected a Representative favorable to their plans, who appointed new Judges, was appointed a new Clerk. At the next October election for Representative I was elected to the Legislature of 1816—17, being thefirst Session at Columbus, At the next Fall election I was elected to the Senate and remained in that body four successive terms of two years each, eight years of continuous service. At the meeting of Senators December 1818, several members, General Wm. H. Harrison, Ebenezer Buckingham and other distingushed men, (all Whigs) called on me and urged me to become a candidate for Speaker. I consented, and after a severe contest I was elected and continued to preside over that body until I was elected Chief Magistrate in 1826. I may add that after the election of Governor Brown to the Senate of the United States to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of my brother William A. Trimble, the duties of the Executive devolved upon me as Speaker of the Senate. I was also elected by the Legislature in 1824 with Ebenezer Buckingham, Ethan Allen Brown as Commisssioner of the Canal Fund and with them negotiated in New York thefirst loan for the construction of that impor­ tant work. It also, fell to my lot to select the half million land grant to Ohio for canal purposes. I served a few years as President of the State Board of Agriculture and some time and money in railroad and turn-pike enterprises and supporting Educational improvements. My father was a Whig, he left six sons, all Whigs-—-William A. Trimble, two years younger than myself was a practicing Attorney in 1812, joined Hull's army, commanding a battalion. After his exchange as a prisoner of war he went into the Northern Army under General Brown— was severely wounded in the battle of Niagara, remained in the army with the brevet of Colonel until he resigned and was elected to the Senate of the United States over Gov. Worthington in 1817 and 181S. He died in December 1821. The fourth brother (John, the oldest, died when a boy) was Cary A. Trimble, born in 1792, who was educated in Philadelphia, went into the army, was Lieu­ tenant,—prisoner at Quebec—afterward left the army and went into business, but died when only twenty-eight years of age. .Cyrus W. Trimble, born in 1797, graduated in medicine at Pennsylvania, but also died young, at the age of twenty-five, 1822, in Chillicothe, Ohio. James and John (John was named for his brother who died when a boy) are still living in this place. James has adhered to Agricultural and mer­ cantile pursuits and Joint was Clerk of the Court and Postmaster for many years, also had much experience as merchant and writer of history, My sisters, Margaret and Mary—Mrs. McCue of Virginia and Mrs. Nelson of Hillsboro, were born 1790 and 1794. The following manuscrip[J. S.t Davis is intende to Allend to givTrimble]e these and many more facts in all their details. . I am, dear Sir, Yours verMOUNy trulyT ,VERNON , OHIO, ALLEMarcNh TRIMBLE16, 1867.. HON. ALLEN TRIMBLE, Hillsboro, Ohio. DEAR SIR: Yoftr favor of the 7th instant came duly to hand. You cannot imaging what pleasing association of my early boyhood were revived in my mind by reading your letter. But not having time to indulge in this strain of thought I will proceed to answer your inquiries. A. Banning Norton's present residence is Canton, Vanzant County, Texas. He was here a few weeks since, and is now in WashingtonJCity. He is expected back here in a few days. I will then see him andfhand to him your letter. If I can procure the documents you speak of,$I will forward them to you. Correspondence of Allen Trimble. 235

Mr. Norton has a brother, a brother-in-law and many friends residing here, but left no agent, or documents that I can learn. As soon as he returns I will inform you what he says in regard to your documents. Very respectfully yours, J. S. DAVIS.

[William Henry Smith to Allen Trimble] OFFICE SECRETARY OF STATE. COLUMBUS, OHIO, November 1st, 1867. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your kind favor of the 28th. It is a pleasure to know that you were a friend and correspondent of Mr. Hammond, and so warmly appreciated his great talents. The loss of the important correspondence you placed in the hands of Mr. Norton, will prove a misfortune to the State, and I shall be greatly disappointed if it is not recovered so I can avail myself of the letters of Mr. Hammond. Is it certain that Mr. Norton carried the correspondence away with him? Catching at the'hope, I have written to a friend at Mt. Vernon, to ascertain whether Mr. Norton took his papers with him, or left them with a friend there. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WM. HENRY SMITH. [Robert Buchanan to Allen Trimble.] Office of the Cincinnati Pioneer Association, No. 10 2nd Floor Masonic Temple.

CINCINNATI, OHIO, Tuesday March 24th, 1868. t , Sir: The Cincinnati Pioneer Association have been honorably recog­ nized by public spirited citizens, and their official representatives,Jm several cities. They have been hospitably entertained on rnany anniveri' sary occasions. '•'/,• ;'- The time has come for "The Queen City of the West" to so celebrate the next-7th of April, (the 801 h anniversary, of the first settlement of Ohio, at Marietta,) as to respond to the attentions liberally bestowed'.'upon the Cincinnati Pioneer Association. We owe a- debt of gratitude to Dayton, Cleveland, Louisville and Marietta. It is our earnest wish— if seconded by our public spirited citizens—to invite and properly enter­ tain the representatives of the public authorities and pioneers of the above named places especially, and pioneers generally. To, do this creditably, and with-completeness, our whole city must unite?: We can and should open our houses to visitors, and make the, occasion equal to the Great Buckeye Celebration once held in this city. That preliminary arrangements may be made, and/to enlist active exertions of all interests in this behalf,- you are cordia'llfcinvited to meet the Executive Committ.ee of the Cincinnati Pioneer* Association, and representatives of the City Authorities, at 3 o'clock p. m., this Tuesday, March 24th, to consult and determine on committees and plans of enter­ tainment. The "Rink"'has been secured for the afternoon of Tuesday, 7th April, and for the evening, to close with a Memorial Pioneer Ball. ROBERT BUCHANAN,-President Cincinnati Pioneer Assn. NICHOLAS GOSHORN, D.A.ROSS, JOHN LUDLOW, ISAAC MCFARLAND, ' DAVID CARROLL, W. B.LDENNIS, RICHARD K.^COX, SR. , Executive Committee. Representing the City: ' His Honor CHARLES F.^WILSTACH, Mayor, Hon. SAMUEL L. HAYDEN, PresidentfCily Council. JOHN D. CALDWELL, SecretaryjCincinnati Pioneer Assn. 236 Correspondence of Allen Trimble.

[R. Buchanan to Allen Trimble.] CINCINNATI, 24th March, 1868. MY DEAR FRIEND: I hope you will be with us on the 7th of April, and make my house your home. Very truly your friend, R. BUCHANAN.

CINCINNATI, 10th April, 1868. HON. ALLEN TRIMBLE, MY DEAR FRIEND : I regret that you could not meet with us on the 7th, but you were with us in spirit, and your letter was one of the most interesting events of the occasion. I send you two newspapers. Ever truly your friend, R. BUCHANAN. Genealogy of Trimble. 237

Genealogy,.of Trimble.

1. JOHN1 TRIMBLE was one of four brothers who emigrated from the north of Ireland in the eighteenth century, settling at first in Pennsylvania. He, with one brother, soon moved to Virginia, where he married Margaret Christie, (the Bible says), the widow of John Moffitt, who then had five children. He was killed by the Indians in 1763, leaving one child, James, then about ten years of age, who was captured at the time the father was killed, but on the fifthda y thereafter was rescued. 2. JAMES TRIMBLE (John and Margaret Christie), b. near Staunton, Va., Feb. 25, 1753, d. in Kentucky, Oct. 14,' 1804. He m. (1) Patsey McNair, who d. soon after leaving Hannah, b. May 22, 1774, who afterwards m. Hugh Allen, son of Lieut. Hugh Allen, killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant. He m. (2) Jane, dau. of Capt. James and Margaret (Anderson) Allen, b. Mar. 15, 1755, d. Mar., 1849, in Hillsboro, 0. He moved to Woodford Co., Ky-., in 1784, and in 1803 purchased land in Highland Co., 0., intending to move there but died just before setting out. • The children of James and Jane Trimble were: i. JOHN TRIMBLE, b. Jan. 9,1780, accidentally killed in childhood. 3. ii. ALLEN TRIMBLE, b. Nov. 24, 1783, d. Feb, 3, 1870. • iii. WILLIAM ALLEN TRIMBLE, b. Apr. 4, 1786, d. Dec. 12,1821, in, Washington, D. C, while U. S. Senator from Ohio, unm. iv. JAMES ALLEN TRIMBLE, b. Feb. 25,1788, d. Apr. 14, 1866, in Hillsboro. He m. Ann Shields, no children. v. MARGARET TRIMBLE, b. Nov. 9,1790, m. James McCue, of Va. vi. CARY ALLEN TRIMBLE, b. Nov. 24,1792. d. Sept. 10,1821, unm. vii. MARY TRIMBLE, b. Sept. 15, 1795, d. Aug. 10, 1836, m. John Nelson, of Va., who moved to Hillsboro, O. viii. CYRUS W. TRIMBLE, b. Dec. 30, 1797, d. Oct. 5, 1822, unm. 4. ix. JOHN A. TRIMBLE, b. May 31, 1801, d. 1885. 3. ALLEN TRIMBLE, (James and Jane Allen, John), b. Nov. 24, 1783, d. Feb. 3', 1870. Governor of Ohio. m. (1) Jan,, 1806, Margaret, dau. of Gen. Joseph McDowell, of N. C. She d. Jan. 21, 1809, leaving two children (Joseph and Madison).,m. (2) Jan. 10, 1811, Rachael, dau. of Joshua and Elizabeth (Watson) Woodrow, b. Aug. 27, 1785, d. Oct. 18, 1870. Joshua Woodrow, b. June 22, 1746, near Philadelphia, d. Jan. 22. 1830, at Hillsboro. Elizabeth Watson, b. Dec. 11, 1749, Penn., d. April 29, 1821, Hillsboro. His children were: 5. i. JOSEPH MCDOWELL TRIMBLE, b. Apr. 15, 1808, in Woodford Co., Ky. 6. ii. JAMES MADISON TRIMBLE-, b. Sept, 27, 1810, in Hillsboro, O. 7. iii. WILLIAM HENRY TRIMBLE, b. Oct. 22, 1811, in Hillsboro, O. 8. iv. CAREY ALLEN TRIMBLE,, b. Sept.„13, 1813, in Hillsboro, O. 9. v. ELIZA JANE TRIMBLE, b. Aug. 24, 1816, in Hillsboro, O. 238 Genealogy of Trimble.

1 4. JOHN ALLEN3 TRIMBLE (James and Jane Allen, John ), b. in Versailles, Ky., May 31, 1801, d. in New Vienna, 0., 1885. He m. Nov. 5, 1885, Lavina, dau. of Dr. William and Jane St. Clair Boys, of. Staunton, Va., b. 1810, d. 1891. Thei'r. children, all born in Hillsboro, 0.: i. JANE ST. CLAIR TRIMBLE, b. 1830, d. 1839. ii.. WILLIAM BOYS TRIMBLE, b, 1833, d. 1837. iii. MARY ELLA TRIMBLE, b. 1836, d. 1860, unm. iv. ROSA AUGUSTA TRIMBLE, b. 1838, d. 1839. v. CYRUS BOYS TRIMBLE, b. 1841, d. 1867, unm. vi. JOHN ALEXANDER TRIMBLE, b. 1844, d. 1868, unm. vii. RODNEY TELFAIR TRIMBLE, b. 1846, m. Dec. 15, 1897, Emma H., dau. of Dr. Samuel W. and Mary Shepherd Smith, d. in New Vienna, 0., — , 1908. No children. A leading physician.. vjji_^AncE M. TRIMBLE, b. 1848, unm. 3 /h. JOSEPIA MCDOWELL TRIMBLE (Allen and Margaret Mc­ Dowell, JamesKJohn1) b. in Woodford Co., Ky., April 15, 1808, d. in Columbus, U\JHegraduated in 1828 from Ohio University, Athens, 0.; Professorof*Mathematics Augusta College, Ky., till 1835; was ordained to the \ninistry of the Methodist Episcopal Church and^^is one ofjhe shining lights of that order. He m. Sept. 22, 183t)rSaTa1fXnn Pearson Starr, dau. of Pearson and Sarah C. (Trimble) Starr, b. Apr. 5, 1810, d. in Columbus, O., Mar. 18, 1904. He had no children. "She was educated in the best schools of her day and was a woman of unusual ability and dignity of character of deep piety and withal had great gentleness and sweetness of disposition. Her record was without a stain." 3 6. JAMES MADISON4 TRIMBLE (Allen and Margaret McDowell, James2 John1) b. Sept. 27, 1808, d. Feb. 1, 1874, m. Oct. 1830, Mary Anne, dau. of John Smith, of Hillsboro, b. July 16, 1810, d. Oct. 3, 1888. Their children were: i. , SARAH JANE TRIMBLE, b. Sept. 17, 1831, d.June 19, 1879, m. Robert Lilly and had Children. I. ANNA LILLY, m. Yacobian. Had Robert Yacobian. II. , MADGE LILLY, m. Tikerian. Had Allen Trimble Tickerian. III. CHARLES LILLY. IV. GEORGE LILLY, m. Laura Jordan, of Rome, Athens Co., O. ii. JOHN ALLEN TRIMBLE, b. Sept. 14, 1836, d. Mar. 17, 1897, m. Oct. 8, 1866, Lucy G. Holloway, of Henderson, Ky. His children were: I. NANNIE TRIMBLE, m. John Myers Clark, Jan. 1, 1889. Has child­ ren: John Wessner Clark, b. Apr. 9, 1890. Edward Starling Clark, b. Aug. 7, 1892. Lucy Trimble Clark, b. Jan. 26, 1897. Olive Hickson Clark b. Dec. 15, 1901. II. TRACY TRIMBLE, m. Dr. H. M-, Brown, no children. i III. STARLING TRIMBLE, has one son. iii. JOSEPH MCDOWELL TRIMBLE, b. June 16,1839, d. Jan. 28,1842.

(iv. JAMES SMITH TRIMBLE, b. Apr. 21,1843, d. May 17, 1884, unm. 'v. MARGARET MCDOWELL TRIMBLE, b. Sept. 15, 1846, m. Dec. 11, 1867, Frank Wadman Armstrong, of Philadelphia, Pa. I. MARY ARMSTRONG, m. Robert Alex. Swergert. 1909.] Genealogy of Trimble. 239

vi. CHARLES WILLIAM TRIMBLE, b. Dec. 21, 1841, killed at second battle of Bull Run, Aug. 29, 1862, 73d Reg. O. V. I. vii. GEORGE SMITH TRIMBLE, b. May 4,1847, d. Mar. 20,1879, unm. 3 7. WILLIAM4 H. TRIMBLE (Allen and Rachael Woodrow, James3 John2) b. Sept. 5, 1811, d. Feb. 7, 1883, m. Martha Hale, dau. of Ebenezer and Eunice (Hale) Buckingham, b. Zanesville, 0., Oct. 22, 1811, d. at Hillsboro, Oct. 23, 1890. Their-children were: i. CATHERINE B. TRIMBLE, b. July 31,1849, d. July 9, 1883, unm. ii. WILLIAM TRIMBLE, b. June 18, 1851, d. Aug. 18, 1853. iii. CLARENCE TRIMBLE, b. Aug. 11, 1854, d. Aug. 20, 1854. iv. ALLEN TRIMBLE, b. Aug. 11, 1854, d. July 15, 1875, unm. v. EBENEZER TRIMBLE, b. Oct. 9, 1856, d. Mar. 13, 1876* unm. 3 2 8. CAREY4 A. TRIMBLE (Allen and Rachael Woodrow James John1) b. Sept. 13,1813, d. May 4, 1887, m. (1) Mary, second'dau. of Gov. Duncan McArthur, of Chillicothe, b. Feb. 8, 1818, d. Dec. 4, 1842. m. (2) Nov. 12, 1844, Anna Porter Thompson, b. in Harrodsburg, Ky., Feb. 24, 1826, d. in Columbus, O., May 10, 1899. His children were (by first marriage): i. NANNIE TRIMBLE, b. Sept. 29, 1839, d. Jan. 28, 1866, m. William Mederia, of Chillicothe, and had children: I. JOHN JCEDERIA, m. Maud Renick. II. NANNIE T. MEDERIA, m. Dr. Waddle. III. MARY MCA. MEDERIA, m, William Dixon Fullerton, of Chillicothe, and has children: Wm. Dixon F., McArthur F., Reginald F., Dwight F„ Nannie F. By second wife: ii. ALLEN TRIMBLE, b. Jan. 30, 1851, d. July 1, I860. 3 9. ELIZA JANE4 TRIMBLE (Allen and Rachael Woodrow, James2 John1), b. Aug. 24, 1816, d. Nov. 4, 1905, m. Sept. 21, 1837, James Henry Thompson, of Harrodsburg, Ky., son of Capt. John and Nancy (Roberts) Thompson, who was a son of John Burton Thompson, a Capt. in the Revolution; b. Sept. 27, 1812, d. Aug, 6, 1900. Admitted to the bar in 1831, sheriff of Jassamine Co., Ky., attorney in Versailles, Ky. In 1838 moved to Batavia, O., and in 1842 to Hillsboro; register in bankruptcy, 1867; Judge of Common Pleas, 1881, ta Whig and then a Repub­ lican. In 1877 published a history of Highland Co. She was Mother Thompson, the leader of the famous'Temperance Crusade of 1874. Her children were: i. ALLEN TRIMBLE THOMPSON, b. June 19,1838, d. July 17, 1868, m. Lucy Webb, dau. of the Rev. George Crum. He grad­ uated from Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, O., and entered the ministry. He was a brilliant orator. His children were: * I. SARAH TRIMBLE THOMPSON, b. Apr. , m. John Collins. II. GEORGE TRIMBLE THOMPSON, b. m. Maud Thomas of London. O., Oct. 10, 1889, and has children: Geo. Allen, b. July 2, 1892. Noah T., b. Nov. 17, 1893. John Burton, b. Aug. 23, 1901. 240 Genealogy of Trimble. [Jan.,

ii. ANNA PORTER THOMPSON, b. June 9, 1840, d. Oct. 12, 1859. iii. JOHN HENRY THOMPSON, b. Oct. 24, 1843, d. Dec. 26, 1843. iv. JOSEPH TRIMBLE THOMPSON, b. Oct. 24, 1844, d. 1885, unm. v. MARIA DOIRESS THOMPSON, b. Mar. 1, 1847, m. Oct. 4, 1870, Dr. Edward Rives, b. Aug. 27, 1833, graduated at Univ. of Va., and College 6f Physicians, and Surgeons in N. Y. Brigade Surgeon, Picketts Div. C. S. A. Prof. Physiology, Cincinnati Medical College, d. in Hillsboro, O., Sept. 26, 1883. They had no children. vi. MARY MCARTHUR THOMPSON, b. Nov. 5,1849, m. July 6,1875, Prof. Herbert Tuttle, teacher, historian, b. in Bennington, Vt, 1846, d. June 21, 1894, A. B., Univ. of Vt., 1869, A. M., 1880, L. H. D. 1889 and 1894, Prof, of Politics 1881-91, of '* History 1891-94, in Cornell University. On the memorial tablet at Cornell appears, "Justus et tenax, propositi vir." They had no children. vii. HENRY BURTON THOMPSON, b. Sept. 16, 1852, a graduate of Cincinnati College of Medicine and a superior musician. Resides in Hillsboro, unm. viii. JOHN BURTON THOMPSON, b. Oct. 24, 1854, a real estate and- mining broker of Salt Lake City, Utah, unm.