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Thomas Worthington Father of Ohio Statehood

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THOMAS WORTHINGTON FATHER OF OHIO STATEHOOD Thomas Worthington Father of Ohio Statehood BY ALFRED BYRON SEARS Ohio State University Press Columbus Illustration on p. ii courtesy of the Ohio Historical Society. Copyright © 1998 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sears, Alfred Byron, 1900­ Thomas Worthington : father of Ohio statehood / by Alfred Byron Sears. p. cm. Originally published : Columbus ; Ohio State University Press for the Ohio Historical Society, [1958] Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8142-0745-6 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Politicians—Ohio—Biography. 2. Ohio—Politics and government— 1787-1865. I. Worthington, Thomas, 1773-1827. II. Title. F495.W73 1998 977.r03'092—dc21 [B] 97-51221 CIP Cover design by Gore Studio, Inc. Printed by Cushing-Malloy, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1992. 98765432 1 DEDICATED TO JAMES T. WORTHINGTON 1873-1949 ViRTUTE DiGNUS AVORUM PREFACE IN THE movement to secure Ohio's admission to the Union and in the framing of an enlightened and democratic constitution, which excluded slavery, banished executive tyranny, and safeguarded private and pub­ lic liberties in a comprehensive bill of rights, no one displayed greater leadership than Thomas Worthington. In a very real sense, Ohio is a monument to his memory. Yet his political services have never been adequately recognized, and no biography of him has hitherto appeared. Worthington was a dominant figure in early Ohio politics. Follow­ ing his arrival in the Northwest Territory, he was appointed justice of the peace, lieutenant colonel of militia, and judge of the court of common pleas. He served in the territorial legislature, 1799-1803, and twice helped defeat the plans of the Ohio Federalists to set the western boundary of the state at the Scioto River. A member of Ohio's first legislature, he was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1803, and served a second term from 1810 to 1814, resigning on his election as governor. As senator, he was considered an authority on western lands and Indian affairs. As chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, he intro­ duced many legislative measures to improve the distribution of the public domain and to safeguard purchases made by settlers. In 1812 he sponsored the bill which led to the establishment of the General Land Office. Throughout his public career Worthington was a staunch advocate of internal improvements. In the Senate he was a leading figure in the movement for the construction of the Cumberland Road. During his governorship he promoted plans for building the Ohio canals, and at the close of his last term of office he served on the commission which made the surveys and started construction. Although Worthington was a strong Jeffersonian Republican, he was critical of President Madison's foreign policy, and in 1812 voted against the declaration of war; he prophesied it could end only in military and financial disaster. Having made his position clear, however, he took part in the war effort with all the impetuous energy of his nature. For thirty years Worthington kept a diary in small paperbound books filled from cover to cover, chiefly with business details but also with travel notes and private observations concerning life in general. Moreover, he carefully preserved his correspondence and drafts of his business letters. His diary and most of his papers were passed on by his widow to his eldest son, General James Taylor Worthington; by him to a grandson, Richard T. Worthington; and in due course to a vii V1U PREFACE great-grandson, James T. Worthington, to whom this biography is dedicated. Now and then, some portions of Worthington's papers and parts of his diary were lost to the family, but fortunately these were collected by the Library of Congress, the Ohio Historical Society, the Ohio State Library, and the Ross County (Ohio) Historical Society. In 1949, on the death of James T. Worthington, the papers remaining in the family were acquired by the Ohio Historical Society. In this study I have endeavored to be objective. Realizing, how­ ever, that complete objectivity is impossible, I am bound to apprise the reader that I have come to admire Worthington for his sturdy manhood, his unflinching moral courage, his faith in democracy; for his refusal to compromise with weakness, incompetence, or evil; for his religious convictions and the high intellectual and spiritual level at which he sought to spend at least a portion of his days; and for his devotion to his wife, family, friends, and servants. He had a deep respect for his fellow men—for their rights as citizens and as free moral agents. He was a true patriot, completely dedicated to what he believed were the best interests of his country. In his private and public life he adhered strictly to the principles of industry, integrity, and sobriety which, he believed, were the cornerstones of individual achievement and service. It is impossible to mention all of those who have helped with this book during the extended period of research and writing. The advice and encouragement of Carl F. Wittke, Eugene H. Roseboom, and Har- Iow Lindley were indispensable. Chief among those to whom gratitude is due are James T. Worthington and his sisters, Mrs. Elizabeth Worth­ ington Costello and Mrs. Anne Worthington Newton, great-grand- children of Thomas Worthington. Others are Thomas P. Martin and John de Porry of the Library of Congress; Mary A. Hicks of Friends House, London; James H. Rodabaugh and Henry Caren of the Ohio Historical Society, Columbus; Eugene D. Rigney and Martha Bennett of the Ross County Historical Society, Chillicothe; and Eleanor S. Wilby and Marie Dickore of the Historical and PJiilosophical Society of Ohio, Cincinnati. I recommend that the reader visit Adena, the federal home de­ signed by Benjamin H. Latrobe which Worthington built in 1807 a mile northwest of Chillicothe, and which has recently been restored to its original status by the Ohio Historical Society. With its gardens and grounds, it constitutes a notable exhibit for all who are interested in beauty, history, and early American architecture. Norman, Oklahoma AX-FEED B. SEABS September, 1958 Contents i A Virginian Transplanted 3 ii Businessman and Citizen 23 Hi Territorial Legislator and Politician 46 iv State-Maker 73 v Framer of the Constitution 94 vi United States Senator 115 vii Ohio Politician 137 viii Anti-war Senator 159 ix Wartime Service in Ohio 175 x Governor of Ohio 193 xi Business, Politics, and Internal Improvements 211 xii Last Years 231 BIBLIOGRAPHY 24 3 INDEX 25 1 SPECIAL ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TH E FOOTNOTE S HPSO Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio (Cincinnati) LC Library of Congress OHS Ohio Historical Society (Columbus) OSL Ohio State Library (Columbus) RCHS Ross County Historical Society (Chillicothe) WM Worthington Manuscripts, Ohio Historical Society (Colum­ bus) WMOSL Worthington Manuscripts, Ohio State Library (Columbus) WRHS Western Reserve Historical Society (Cleveland) THOMAS WORTHINGTOX FATHER OF OHIO STATEHOOD A Virginian Transplanted IT IS probably just as well that the facts concerning the early ante­ cedents of most of America's illustrious sons are shrouded, at least to some degree, in romance, anecdote, and tradition. Preeminence in colonial days was a matter of achievement rather than of family, and if the first immigrants had put their trust in noble lineage rather than in energy, sobriety, and economy, they and their progeny would have had little occasion to assume heraldic trappings. Until financial success had crowned the labors of the migrant and made him vis­ ibly and acceptably superior to his fellows, noble ancestry was no social asset. The wilderness was no place to boast of gentle blood; God, not the king, was here the arbiter of the destinies of men; let them who could, follow in His train. Yet among many of the colonists there was a constant appreciation of the importance of heredity, the desirability of family pride, and the challenge which the achievements of their ancestors presented to each succeeding generation. The Quaker records of England, Ireland, and America show the forebears of Thomas Worthington to have been upright, civic-minded citizens of the communities in which they lived. In conformity with the practice of members of the Society of Friends, they let their daily actions reflect that moral rectitude and excellence of breeding to which they laid modest claim. From these Quaker records are derived the authentic data relating to the immedi­ ate progenitors of Thomas Worthington. The motto of the Worthington family of Cheshire, England, was Virtute dignus aoorum ("In virtue worthy of one's ancestors"). Each branch of the thirteenth-century Lancashire family of William de Worthington inherited not only this motto but a coat of arms: "Argent -—three shakeforks, sable, two and one; crest a goat passant, argent, holding in his mouth an oak branch proper (or vert), fructed, or"; which, translated, means a silver shield with three black, triple-tined stable forks, one below and two above; the crest, a side view of a 4 THOMAS WORTHINGTON silver goat, holding in its mouth a green-leafed oak branch with golden acorns. This motto and coat of arms may be seen in Chorley Church, Wilmslow Parish, Cheshire, where lived the particular branch of the family in which we are interested. From Norman times on, the family had been a fertile one; in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Worthingtons were numerous in Cheshire and adjoining Lancashire. Many were devout Anglicans and eminent scholars; for instance, John Worthington (1618-71) was master of Jesus College and Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge.
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