The Great Deluge: Fact Or Fiction?

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Great Deluge: Fact Or Fiction? Ettinger Journals The Great Deluge: Fact or Fiction? Making Sense of and Bringing Together All the Reasonable Scientific Hypotheses and Legends of Many Cultures Douglas B. Ettinger Written: 10/20/2016 Published: 5/1/2017 I. Contents I. Contents.............................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Figures, Charts, Listings and Maps: ..................................................................................................... 4 III. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 IV. Early Pre-Deluge Flooding ............................................................................................................... 6 V. Postulated Global Sea and Ice Inventories 20,000 Years Ago to the Present ...................................... 8 VI. End of Younger Dryas Period – the Defining Moment .................................................................. 16 A. Effect of Increased Solar Winds .................................................................................................... 16 B. High Energy Plasma Discharge from a Close Encounter ................................................................ 17 C. Magnetic Fields Interact................................................................................................................ 17 D. Earth’s Geoid is Changed .............................................................................................................. 20 E. Polar Ice Sheets Displaced from the Polar Spin Axis ..................................................................... 23 F. Sliding of Antarctica Ice Sheet and Sudden Rise in Sea Level ........................................................ 25 G. Holocene Mass Extinction Event ................................................................................................... 31 H. Astroblemes of the North Polar Region ........................................................................................ 32 VII. Answers to the Controversies and Technical Objections of the Deluge Proposal ......................... 33 A. Celestial Intruder........................................................................................................................... 33 1. The Captured Proto-Planet, Saturn ........................................................................................... 33 2. The Phaeton Hypothesis ........................................................................................................... 34 3. Orbiting Brown Dwarf Star System ........................................................................................... 34 4. Competing Ideas ....................................................................................................................... 35 B. Crust and Mantle Displacement .................................................................................................... 35 1. Earth’s Crust and Mantle Become Strongly Magnetized ........................................................... 36 2. Convincing Indications for Displaced Mantle ............................................................................ 37 C. Younger Dryas Event Occurs Over 1400 Years .............................................................................. 40 1. Arctic Ocean Freshwater Flux.................................................................................................... 40 2. Dust and CO2-laden Atmosphere from Super-volcanoes .......................................................... 40 3. Large Error in Radiocarbon Dating for 12,900 Years Ago .......................................................... 41 D. Antarctica’s Dome C Ice Core Dating, According to Researchers, is 800,000 Years Old ................ 46 VIII. Conditions Causing East Antarctica’s Ice Sheet to Slide into the Sea ............................................ 50 IX. More Evidence for the South Polar Region’s History .................................................................... 52 Page 1 Copyright © 2017 Douglas B. Ettinger. All rights reserved. Revised 5/1/2017 X. The Hydroplate Hypothesis ............................................................................................................... 56 A. Walt Brown’s book, In the Beginning ............................................................................................ 57 1. Different Ideas and Opinions .................................................................................................... 59 2. Hydroplates Support the Earth’s Metamorphosis Hypothesis .................................................. 60 3. The Subterranean Supercritical Water (SCW) ........................................................................... 61 B. Sudden Death of Megafauna ........................................................................................................ 62 1. Geographical Extent .................................................................................................................. 63 2. Analysis of Rock Ice ................................................................................................................... 64 3. Evidence verses Theories for Frozen Mammoths...................................................................... 65 C. Siberian Climate and Geology ....................................................................................................... 67 1. Why Did Siberia Become Cold So Quickly? ................................................................................ 67 2. Yedomas.................................................................................................................................... 67 3. Loess Soils ................................................................................................................................. 68 4. The Push and Pull of Magnetic Force of an Overhead Celestial Body ....................................... 68 XI. Compendium of Data Supporting the Great Deluge ..................................................................... 70 A. The Cosmic Catastrophe 11,500 Years BP ..................................................................................... 70 B. The Causes and Types of So Much Calamity ................................................................................. 70 1. The Antediluvian World ............................................................................................................ 73 2. The Confrontation ..................................................................................................................... 73 3. Collapsed or Fallen Sky .............................................................................................................. 74 4. Earth Fractures .......................................................................................................................... 75 5. Firestorms ................................................................................................................................. 75 6. Hurricanes ................................................................................................................................. 75 7. Bombardment ........................................................................................................................... 76 8. Iron Bound Atmosphere ............................................................................................................ 78 9. The Rains of Death .................................................................................................................... 78 10. The Water Mountain ............................................................................................................. 79 11. The Torrent from Heaven ...................................................................................................... 80 12. The Deluge ............................................................................................................................ 81 13. Wood Hills of the North ........................................................................................................ 82 14. Refrigeration ......................................................................................................................... 83 Page 2 Copyright © 2017 Douglas B. Ettinger. All rights reserved. Revised 5/1/2017 C. Establishment of Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary ....................................................................... 83 XII. Electricity in Space ........................................................................................................................ 85 A. Birkeland Currents and Electric Circuits in Space .......................................................................... 85 B. Dilemma of Charge Separation in Space ....................................................................................... 86 C. Currents Between Celestial Bodies ............................................................................................... 86 D. Maintaining the Stability of Orbits ................................................................................................ 89 E. Induced Magnetic Fields and Planetary Dipoles............................................................................ 90 F. The Strange Saturn Polar Configuration .......................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Annual Report of the State Geologist for the Year 1877
    NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGICALSURVEYOF IN:LWJERSELz r ANNUAL REPORT OF TIIE STATEGEOLOGIST FOB TH-EYEAR IS77. TREe's'TON..N'. J, : _AAR. DAy & _'AAR, PRINTERS. NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BOARD OF MANAGERS. His Excellency, JOSEPH D. BEDLE, Governor, and ex-off_eio Presi- dent of the Board ............................................................ Trenton. L CONGRES_SIO_AL DISTRICT. CIIXRL_S E. ELm:R, Esq ........................................................ Bridgeton. ItoN. ANDREW K, HAY .......................................................... Winslow. II. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. I'[ON. "_VILLIAM PARRY ........................................................... Cinnamiuson. ' HON, H. S, LITTLE ................................................................. Trenton. 1II. CONGRESSlONAI_DISTRICT. HENRY AITKIN, Esq .............................................................. Elizabetll. ] JoHs VOUGI_T, M. D ............................................................. Freehold. IV. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. SELDE._ T. SORA_'TO.'_, Esq ..................................................... Oxford. TtlO.MAS LAWRE_CE_ Esq...'. .................................................... Hamburg. v. CO._GRF._IO.'CAL DISTRICT. HO.N'. AUGUSTUS W. CUTLER ................................................... Morristown. (_OL. BENJA,'III_ _-YCRIGG ....................................................... Pf189aic. VI, CO_GRF_SIONAL DISTRICT. WILLIAM M. FORCg_ Esq ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GENESIS of the HONDSRUG a SAALIAN MEGAFLUTE, Drenthe, the Netherlands
    GENESIS OF THE HONDSRUG A SAALIAN MEGAFLUTE, Drenthe, the Netherlands ASPIRING EUROPEAN GEOPARK September 2012 E.P.H.Bregman F.W.H.Smit PROVINCE OF DRENTHE UTRECHT UNIVERSITY THE NETHERLANDS www. Geoparkdehondsrug.nl 1 Colophon E.P.H. Bregman, MSc, Province of Drenthe, Utrecht University. Adress: Province of Drenthe, Westerbrink 1, 9400 AC Assen. E-mail: [email protected] F.W.H. Smit, BSc Utrecht University, MSc Århus University (Denmark) E-mail: [email protected] This report is published by the Steering Group aspiring EUROPEAN GEOPARK de Hondsrug and will (partly or modified) be published as part of a Ph-D thesis of E.P.H.Bregman. Reprodution of this study (text and figures) at any way, or using data for presentations, lectures or publications is only allowed with permission of the main author, E.P.H.Bregman. © (2012) Steering Group aspiring EUROPEAN GEOPARK de HONDSRUG/E.P.H.Bregman This study is ordered by the Province of Drenthe and study is done under auspiciën of the Utrecht University, Faculty Geoscience, department Physical Geography. The Netherlands 2 Contents List of figures............................................................................................................................ 6 A proposed European Geopark................................................................................................ 8 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................11 1.1 Framework of the research.............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Of International Palaeoseismological Field Workshop
    Soft-sediment deformation structures and palaeoseismic phenomena in the South-eastern Baltic Region EXCURSION GUIDE & ABSTRACTS of International Palaeoseismological Field Workshop 17–21st September 2018 Lithuania–Latvia Vilnius, 2018 Soft-sediment deformation structures and palaeoseismic phenomena in the South-eastern Baltic Region. Excursion guide of International Palaeoseismological Field Workshop, 17–21st September 2018, Vilnius, Lithuania / Eds: M. Pisarska-Jamroży and A. Bitinas. Lithuanian Geological Survey, Lithuanian Geological Society, Vilnius, 2018. Publications. The papers prepared on the basis of oral and poster presentations may be printed in the international peer-reviewed journal Baltica (http://www.gamtostyrimai.lt/en/publications/ listingCategory/category.1020) Organizing Committee. Jolanta Čyžienė, Jonas Satkūnas, Aldona Damušytė (Lithuanian Geological Survey, Lithuanian Geological Society), Małgorzata Pisarska-Jamroży (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań), Albertas Bitinas (Nature Research Centre), Maris Nartišs (University of Latvia) Organizers Lithuanian Geological Survey, Lithuania Lithuanian Geological Society, Lithuania Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland Nature Research Centre, Vilnius University of Latvia, Riga Sponsors The workshop has been financially supported by a grant for the GREBAL project (No. 2015/19/B/ST10/00661) from the National Science Centre Poland Private sponsor JSC Geobaltic Layout and cover design: Ieva Antušienė Cover photo: Baltic Sea bluff near Jūrkalne, Latvia (S. Belzyt, 2018) © Lithuanian Geological Survey © Lithuanian Geological Society ISBN 978-9986-623-54-0 2 SYMPOSIUM PROGRAMME 17 September (Monday) Registration, introduction and key lectures in the Lithuanian Geological Survey (Vilnius). Field trip: Laiciškėnai quarry. Accommodation in the Vila Bisena (www.vilaBisena.lt). Ice Break party. 18 September (Tuesday) Field trip: Kumečiai quarry and Slinktis outcrop on the Dubysa River.
    [Show full text]
  • B15 the Once Four Named Pleistocene Glacial Stages < Tills >
    METHODOLOGY 97 b15 The once four named Pleistocene Glacial Stages < tills > In lapidary inscriptions, a man is not upon oath. —Samuel Johnson.1 Two major schemes of harmonization [of Scripture and geology] were developed and refined during the nineteenth century: these were the gap and day-age interpretation of Genesis 1. —Davis A. Young.2 A. Bernardi in 1832 envisaged Europe covered by ice. This was to explain: “How rock fragments originating in the north came to where one finds them strewn and in mounds in Northern Germany and neighboring lands.”3 For that time, Louis Agassiz’s botanist/poet friend Karl Schimper in 1837 coined the term Eiszeit (ice age). Earlier, apposed to such, Agassiz had studied existing glaciers and their products: erratic boulders, glacially scoured, striated and polished bedrock, glacial moraines, and glacially modified landscape. However in 1837 he issued his famous “Neuchâtel Discourse ” volta-face. Materials formerly mapped as diluvium he reclassified as till and glacial outwash.4 In Britain, James Geikie in 1877 presented evidence of two glacial stages.5 In America, N. S. Shaler in 1889 presented evidence in New England of at least two ice sheet advances.6 In Europe, Albrecht Penck and Eduard Bruckner in 1909 noted remnants of four sets of river terraces in the outwash gravels in the northern foothill valleys of the Alps. These terraces can be correlated by their hydraulic heights. In Penk’s scheme, each accorded to a major advance of an otherwise diminishing ice sheet and so youngest is the lowest and oldest
    [Show full text]
  • Bolles, Edmund Blair. the Ice Finders: How a Poet, a Professor, and a Politician Discovered the Ice Age
    Index (unpublished) by Helene S. Ferranti to: Bolles, Edmund Blair. The Ice Finders: How a Poet, a Professor, and a Politician Discovered the Ice Age. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1999. A Alps origin, 65, 73, 87, 217, 221 Adams, Henry, 214 Amazon River expedition, Agassiz's, 238-39 the Advance (ship) American Geographical and Statistical Society, 7 cannabalized for fuel, 132, 134, 169 anticatastrophism, Lyell's, 38, 51, 73, 115, 143, Melville Bay crossing by, 45-48 180-81 rat infestation of, 131-32 Association of German Naturalists, 107 retreat party's return trips to, 170-71, 176 Agassiz, Alexander, 52 B Agassiz, Cécile, 42, 51-52, 178 Baker, Jefferson, death of, 98 Agassiz, Louis Beaumont, Élie de, catastrophism and, 89-90, beliefs/opinions: on catastrophism, 71-73, 222 87, 179-83, 235; on Beechy Island escape party, 102 creation/extinction of species, 29, Ben Nevis, 120-21, 122, 234 71-72, 89, 179-83, 184, 215-16, 235, Bex potholes, 52-53, 59 237-38; on drift theory, 53-59, 66; Bible, 198, 203 on evolution, 29, 181; religious, 29, biblical flood, 40, 93, 108-9 214-17, 239, 241 blocks of Monthey, 59, 115 character/personality: as fact-lover, 69-70, See also erratic boulders 239; thin skin of, 151; work habits, Bonaparte, Charles-Lucien, 109 27, 41, 59, 113, 217, 239 boulders, erratic. See erratic boulders early years: background, 25-27; as Cuvier Braun, Cécile. See Agassiz, Cecile protegé, 14-15, 25, 38; fossil fish Brazilian glacier theory, 239-40 investigations, 25, 28, 37-38, 40-41, Bridgewater treatise, 75, 107-9 51; marriage to Cécile (née Braun), British Association for the Advancement of 42, 51-52, 178; Neuchâtel Science, 117-19, 177, 179-81 appointment, 25-26; Neuchâtel Buch, Leopold von.
    [Show full text]
  • The Glacial Geology of New York City and Vicinity, P
    Sanders, J. E., and Merguerian, Charles, 1994b, The glacial geology of New York City and vicinity, p. 93-200 in A. I. Benimoff, ed., The Geology of Staten Island, New York, Field guide and proceedings, The Geological Association of New Jersey, XI Annual Meeting, 296 p. John E. Sanders* and Charles Merguerian Department of Geology 114 Hofstra University Hempstead, NY 11549 *Office address: 145 Palisade St. Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 ABSTRACT The fundamental question pertaining to the Pleistocene features of the New York City region is: "Did one glacier do it all? or was more than one glacier involved?" Prior to Fuller's (1914) monographic study of Long Island's glacial stratigraphy, the one-glacier viewpoint of T. C. Chamberlin and R. D. Salisbury predominated. In Fuller's classification scheme, he included products of 4 glacial advances. In 1936, MacClintock and Richards rejected two of Fuller's key age assignments, and made a great leap backward to the one-glacier interpretation. Subsequently, most geologists have accepted the MacClintock-Richards view and have ignored Fuller's work; during the past half century, the one-glacial concept has become a virtual stampede. What is more, most previous workers have classified Long Island's two terminal- moraine ridges as products of the latest Pleistocene glaciation (i. e., Woodfordian; we shall italicize Pleistocene time terms). Fuller's age assignment was Early Wisconsinan. A few exceptions to the one-glacier viewpoint have been published. In southern CT, Flint (1961) found two tills: an upper Hamden Till with flow indicators oriented NNE-SSW, and a lower Lake Chamberlain Till with flow indicators oriented NNW-SSE, the same two directions of "diluvial currents" shown by Percival (1842).
    [Show full text]
  • A Partial Glossary of Spanish Geological Terms Exclusive of Most Cognates
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY A Partial Glossary of Spanish Geological Terms Exclusive of Most Cognates by Keith R. Long Open-File Report 91-0579 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1991 Preface In recent years, almost all countries in Latin America have adopted democratic political systems and liberal economic policies. The resulting favorable investment climate has spurred a new wave of North American investment in Latin American mineral resources and has improved cooperation between geoscience organizations on both continents. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has responded to the new situation through cooperative mineral resource investigations with a number of countries in Latin America. These activities are now being coordinated by the USGS's Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI), recently established in Tucson, Arizona. In the course of CIMRI's work, we have found a need for a compilation of Spanish geological and mining terminology that goes beyond the few Spanish-English geological dictionaries available. Even geologists who are fluent in Spanish often encounter local terminology oijerga that is unfamiliar. These terms, which have grown out of five centuries of mining tradition in Latin America, and frequently draw on native languages, usually cannot be found in standard dictionaries. There are, of course, many geological terms which can be recognized even by geologists who speak little or no Spanish.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Glossary of Geomorphology
    International Association of Geomorphologists Association Internationale des Géomorphologues ALPHABETICAL GLOSSARY OF GEOMORPHOLOGY Version 1.0 Prepared for the IAG by Andrew Goudie, July 2014 Suggestions for corrections and additions should be sent to [email protected] Abime A vertical shaft in karstic (limestone) areas Ablation The wasting and removal of material from a rock surface by weathering and erosion, or more specifically from a glacier surface by melting, erosion or calving Ablation till Glacial debris deposited when a glacier melts away Abrasion The mechanical wearing down, scraping, or grinding away of a rock surface by friction, ensuing from collision between particles during their transport in wind, ice, running water, waves or gravity. It is sometimes termed corrosion Abrasion notch An elongated cliff-base hollow (typically 1-2 m high and up to 3m recessed) cut out by abrasion, usually where breaking waves are armed with rock fragments Abrasion platform A smooth, seaward-sloping surface formed by abrasion, extending across a rocky shore and often continuing below low tide level as a broad, very gently sloping surface (plain of marine erosion) formed by long-continued abrasion Abrasion ramp A smooth, seaward-sloping segment formed by abrasion on a rocky shore, usually a few meters wide, close to the cliff base Abyss Either a deep part of the ocean or a ravine or deep gorge Abyssal hill A small hill that rises from the floor of an abyssal plain. They are the most abundant geomorphic structures on the planet Earth, covering more than 30% of the ocean floors Abyssal plain An underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Northern Ice Shield to the Alpine Glaciations a Quaternary Field Trip Through Germany
    DEUQUA excursions Edited by Daniela Sauer From the northern ice shield to the Alpine glaciations A Quaternary field trip through Germany GEOZON From the northern ice shield to the Alpine glaciations Preface Daniela Sauer The 10-day field trip described in this excursion guide was organized by a group of members of DEUQUA (Deutsche Quartärvereinigung = German Quaternary Union), coordinated by DEUQUA president Margot Böse. The tour was offered as a pre-congress field trip of the INQUA Congress in Bern, Switzerland, 21– 27 July 2011. Finally, the excursion got cancelled because not enough participants had registered. Apparently, many people were interested in the excursion but did not book it because of the high costs related to the 10-day trip. Because of the general interest, we decided nevertheless to finish the excursion guide. The route of the field trip follows a section through Germany from North to South, from the area of the Northern gla- ciation, to the Alpine glacial advances. It includes several places of historical importance, where milestones in Quaternary research have been achieved in the past, as well as new interesting sites where results of recent research is presented. The field trip starts at Greifswald in the very North-East of Germany. The first day is devoted to the Pleistocene and Ho- locene Evolution of coastal NE Germany. The Baltic coast with its characteristic cliffs provides excellent exposures showing the Late Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy and glaciotectonics. The most spectacular cliffs that are located on the island of Rügen, the largest island of Germany (926 km2) are shown.
    [Show full text]
  • Geophysical Abstracts 135 October-December 1948 (Numbers 10473-10736)
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR J. A. Krug, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather. Director Bulletin 959-D GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 135 OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1948 (NUMBERS 10473-10736) BY V. L. SKITSKY AND S. T. VESSELOWSKY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1949 for eale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C< Price 25 cents CONTENTS Page Foreword ______-__-___-_____--__---_-----_--_---_--__-_--.__---_-_ 263 0. General geophysical subjects------------------------------------ 264 1. Gravitational methods________-__-_-______-_____-------_-__--_ 266 2. Magnetic methods--------.-.---------------------------------- 273 3. Seismic methods___---_____-_-----_---_--_-_____------_-____-__ 288 4. Electrical methods..-..____--_-_-______________-__--_-_._-___._. 304 5. Radioactive methods__---_-_-__------_..--_---_-___--__-----_,-_ 310 6. Geothermal methods_____-_____--______-__-__-_______-_-______ 313 7. Geochemical methods_________________________________________ 315 8. Drill-hole methods--------.-----------------------------------. 318 9. Unclassified geophysical subjects----.-----.----------------^_---_ 322 10. Related geological subjects.____.-___.________-_-_-_____.__--__-- 328 11. Technical aids to exploration_-__----_____-__--------_---------_. 335 12. Patents_-__.____.._..__-- _.-._ __. .._-..._- 340 Index to Geophysical Abstracts 135, October-December 1948 __-___-_- 357 Index to Geophysical Abstracts 132-135, January-December 1948-___._ 361 NOTE. For a greater differentiation of contents section 8 Of previous reports is replaced by section 0 and section 9, and the former section 9 is replaced by sec­ tion 10 and section 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Chicago Region
    STATE OF ILLINOIS WILLIAM G. STRATTON, GoHntor DEPARTMENT OP REGISTRATION AND EDUCA'l'ION VERA M. BINKS, Dj,«UJr DIVISION OP THE STATE GEOLOG ICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Cbl;J URBANA B U L L E T I N N 0 . 65, P A 1t T I I GEOLOGY OF THE CHICAGO REGION PART II-IBEPLEISTOCENE BY J llARLBN BRETZ Pll.INTED BYUTHOlllTY A OF THE STATE O"l' lLLlNOlS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1955 STATE OF ILLINOIS WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION VERA M. BINKS, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOG IC AL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA B u L L E T I N N 0 . 65, p A RT I I GEOLOGY OF THE CHICAGO REGION PART II - THE PLEISTOCEN E BY J HARLEN BRETZ PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1955 ORGANIZATION ST ATE OF ILLINOIS HON. WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. VERA M. BINKS, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURC ES AND CONS ERVAT IO N HON. VERA M. BINKS, Chairman W. H. NEWHOUSE, PH.D., Geology ROGER ADAMS, PH.D., D.Sc., Chemistry R. H. ANDERSON, B.S., Engineering 0 A. E. EMERSO�. PH.D., Biology LEWIS H. TIFFANY, PH.D., Po.D., Forestry W. L. EVERITT, E.E., PH.D., Representing the President of the University of Illinois DELYTE W. MORRIS, PH.D. President of Southern Illinois University GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVIS IO N M. M. LEIGHTON, PH.D., Chief STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION Natural Resources Building, Urbana M. M. LEIGHTON, PH.D., Chief Esm TOWNLEY, M.S., Geologist and Assistant to the Chief VELDA A.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Problems of Earth's Cryology The
    EARTH’S CRYOSPHERE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL Kriosfera Zemli, 2018, vol. XXII, No. 3, pp. 3–15 http://www.izdatgeo.ru REGIONAL PROBLEMS OF EARTH’S CRYOLOGY DOI: 10.21782/EC2541-9994-2018-3(3-15) THE PHENOMENON OF GEOCRYOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE OLEKMACHARA PLATEAU S.N. Buldovich, E.N. Ospennikov, V.Z. Khilimonyuk Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geology, 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia; [email protected] The paper discusses results of the study of geocryological (permafrost) conditions in the eastern part of the Olekma-Chara Plateau at the watershed divide of the Tokko River and its tributary, the Choruoda River, carried out within the fi eld study of the sites of mineral showings (deposits), whose permafrost conditions are extremely contrasting. The combined impact of hydrogeological factors acting in the middle altitude environ- ment is found to be largely responsible for the unique permafrost conditions in the study area. Olekma-Chara Plateau, geocryological conditions, hydrological conditions, permafrost, annual average soil temperatures, geocryological processes INTRODUCTION The study area, located in the southwest of the Moscow State University, which conducted a compre- Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and subsumed into the hensive permafrost-hydrogeological and permafrost- eastern part of the Olekma-Chara Plateau, is under- engineering geological survey within the Aldan-Timp- lain by permafrost which had been largely underex- ton interfl uve area. Later, in 1973–1985, this expedi- plored until the middle of the twentieth century, with tion conducted medium-scale surveys (1:50 000 and the information about it ranging from sketchy (i.e. 1:200 000) in the areas of coal deposits within the derived from results of comprehensive geological- Chulman Plateau, southern Yakutia [Kudryavtsev, geophysical expeditions) to unavailable.
    [Show full text]