On Specialty 6D020500 - Philology

Summary of the PhD thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on specialty 6D020500 - Philology Meirambekova Lyazat Kasymovna Monosyllabic base of Kazakh and modern Kipchak group languages. General specification of study This research is devoted to the study from historical point of view of words of the Kazakh language from the common Turkic layer and original Kazakh words, namely, stems of words denoting movement in the Kipchak context. The relation of verbal monosyllabic words in Kazakh and Nogai, Karakalpak, Tatar, Bashkurt, Kumyk and Karaiym languages, belonging to Kipchak group has been analyzed. Besides, common features of these verbal monosyllabic words belonging to Kipchak group languages in phonological structure as well lexical and semantic levels have been thoroughly considered. While analyzing monosyllabic verbs, attention was paid to spot the most productive model among V, СV, VС, СVС, VСС, СVСС types and also to identify comparatively lexical semantic characteristic of monosyllabic verbs in the Kipchak languages. The phenomenon of lexical productivity and synonymy of root verbs has also been touched upon in the study. Relevance of study It is known that the world outlook, linguistic and ethnocultural identity of the Turkic peoples, which was the basis of nomadic culture for centuries, has undergone a great variety of historical and social changes that have influenced the quality of life of people. The modern Kipchak group of languages, which originally arose from the common Turkic language, in the process of historical development, alongside with features of ancient languages of the Karluk and Oguz, preserved the signs of other languages with which it was in close contact. The modern form of language is a regular phenomenon of linguistic evolution, which once again emphasizes the need to differentiate historical and evolutionary character of the modern lexical composition of common Kipchak languages. Monosyllabic base of the Tatar, Bashkurt, Karaiym, Karashai-Bulgarian, Kyrymshak, Nogai, Kazakh and Karakalpak languages, which are the basis of modern Turkic languages, is one of the linguistic sources that reveal the differences and similarities in the morphological and grammatical structures and the lexical composition of these languages. A comparative analysis of the structure of monosyllabic verbs to reveal the nature of historical changes occurred under the influence of extra-linguistic factors in each of Kipchak languages defines current importance of the study. At the end of the XIX century, kinship relations of the Turkic languages were thoroughly studied in the context of the comparative-historical paradigm, along with classification of Turkic languages. 50-ies of the XX century was distinguished 1 by creating a general lexical carcass of definite languages, and the study of the structural nature of monosyllables became subject of etymological research at common Turkic languages and the present Turkic inter-language levels. Nevertheless, in general Kazakh linguistics and Kipchak studies, the study of verb root bases separately from monosyllables from phonological and lexical-semantic aspects have not been carried out yet. Therefore, this work directed at the level of the Turkic languages in the context of Kipchak languages is to be relevant and timely. The study of monosyllabic root structures that form the basis of Turkic vocabulary, the identification of level of Kipchak language presence in roots of Kazakh words, as well as the definition of the boundaries of semantic derivation from the Kipchak language in monosyllabic verbs determine the relevance of this study. Comparative analysis of monosyllabic root structures of verbs of related languages from the point of view of phonetic and grammatical composition provides an opportunity for scientific enrichment of such important sections of Kazakh linguistics as theoretical phonetics, lexicology and grammar. In addition, there is the possibility of a detailed study of the ethno-linguistic features of the Kipchak basics of the Kazakh language and relations of modern Turkic languages that are part of Kipchak group of languages. Level of study The first information on Kazakh and other related languages of Kipchak group as Nogai, Karakalpak, Tatar, Bashkir and Kumyk and others was found in Russain-Kirgyz dictionary by P.S.Pallas published in the 18th century and in “Descriptions of Kirgyz and Kaisak hords and steppes” by A. Levshin in the first part of 19th century. Comparatively full contrastive analysis of documentary material was provided in “Experience of Turkic dialects lexis” by V.V.Radlov (I˗IV, 1893, 1899, 1905, 1911).There were significant studies on morphological structure of verb as a separate part of speech in the languages of Kipchak group. For example, the beginning of the XIX century evidenced considerable studies on verbs in Tatar. Some aspects of the Tatar verb had been mentioned in grammar books by I.Giganov, I.Halfin, A.Troyanskii, M.Ivanov, A.Kazembek, Sh.Akmerov, K.Nasyr and others, where there were given great variety of examples. Linguist A.A.Yuldashev studied semantic structure of verbs in the Bashkir language and also made a statistical analysis of root verbs and verb roots, which resulted in theoretically valuable conclusions. The verbal word of the Bashkir language is based on the words of A.A.Yuldashev "The word of Bashkortostan and the classification of verbs" (1958), by M.H.Akhtiyamov "Modern Bashkir Language. Formation of verbs in the Bashkir language became the subject of study in the works by A.Yuldashev “Word formation in Bashkir language and classification of verbs” and M.Kh.Akhtyamov “Modern Bashkir language.Affixal word formation” (1994). A.Kolesnikova in her dissertation paper “Affixation formation of verbs in Altai Languages” compared current Altai language to the ancient Turkic language. In these languages the problem of verb roots is related to verb formation and verb categories. Studies of the semantic morphonological and lexicon and semantic 2 nature of the verbs in all modern languages that form the Kipchak group are considered to be incomplete. The category of verb was reflected both in the early works of scientists (N.I.Ilminsky “Materials for the study of the Kirghiz dialect” (1861), V.V.Katarinsky “Grammar of the Kirghiz language (phonetics, etymology and syntax)” (1888), M.Melioransky “Brief grammar of the Kazakh-Kyrgyz language” (1894-1895), and in modern scientific works on grammar, phonetics and morphology of the modern Kazakh language. For example, A.Baytursynov in his “Manual on language”, published in the city of Orenburg in 1914, gives the following formulation of the verb: “Some words determine action of objects; e.g: art, tart, al, ur, saba, sok, koryk, kures, manyra, sok, suz, tasta, shyk, zhyk, аs, al, toz and others. Such words are called verbs. And in 1915 the same definition sounds differently: Verb is a word expressing actions performed or not performed by a subject. In his 3 textbooks published in 1925 in Kyzylorda A.Baitursynov tells about the system of Kazakh sentence and their forms, exposing the function of verb as predicate, defining categories of transitive/intransitive verbs and voice. Verb categories had been considered as object of research in the work of: N.Sauranbayev “Synctactic function of Participle” (1943), S.Amanzholov “Some aspects of Kazakh dialectology” (1947), A.Iskakov “Grammar of Kazakh language (1967), T.Kordabayev “Tense categories of verbs in Kazakh (1953), K.Akhanov “Basics of grammar theory” (1972), A.Khasenova “Common root verbs in Kazakh language” (1959), I.E.Mamanov “Modern Kazakh language. Verb” (1966), N.Oralbayeva “Analytical forms of verbs in modern Kazakh language” (1971), M.Sergaliev “Synonymy of predicative sentences (1991). Problems of verb roots had attracted some considerable attention in Kazkah etimologic researches of 70-80ties of ХХ century, started by K.Zhubanov, N.Sauranbayev, I. Kenesbayev, S.Amanzholov and G.Musabayev. In Kazakh linguistics common roots verbs aspect had studied from Turkic context. Kazakh linguistist as A.Khaidarov, R.Syzdykova, Sh.Sarybayev, M.Tomanov, A.Kuryszhanov, A.Ibatov, B.Sagyndykov, T.Zhanuzakov, A.Abdrakhmanov, A.Nurmuganbetov, K.Khussainov, Zh.Mankeva, E.Kazhybekov, M.Eskeeyeva, A.Salkynbay and others inspected the problem of word roots in depth. A.Kaidarov, for example, in his research “Structure of monosyllabic roots and stems in Kazakh language” described common phonologic, morphemic and semantic features of monosyllables in Kazakh language relying on existed linguistic documents of Kazakh language. E.Z.Kazhybekov by morphemic analysis in his “Verbal and Nominal correlation of homogeneous roots in Turkic languages” tried renovating existed archetypical model of word production. “Renewal to archetype roots of Kazakh language” by Zh.Mankeev and “Monosyllabic base of Archetypical Turkic and Modern Kipchak languages” by M.Eskeyeva had also contributed to developing theoretical and methodological grounds of linguistic Turkology and Turkic stems and root production studies in particular. Nevertheless, in these researches, the basic meanings of verbs were 3 generalized in terms of Turkic languages. Root verbs in the Kazakh language were not specifically taken into consideration in the kipchak context. Study goals and tasks. The main purpose of the study is to develop phonological& structural and lexical-grammatical, semantic comparative characteristic of monosyllabic root verbs in the Kazakh and other Kipchak group

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