DOCSLIB.ORG

A Citizen Science Approach for Collecting Toponyms Will Provide a More Comprehensive Place Name Database and Elaborate the Limitations on Personnel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Citizen Science Approach for Collecting Toponyms Will Provide a More Comprehensive Place Name Database and Elaborate the Limitations on Personnel International Journal of Geo-Information Article Article Article A CitizenA Citizen Science ScienceA Citizen Approach Approach Science for Collectingfor Approach Collecting Toponyms for Toponyms Collecting Toponyms Aji PutraAji Perdana Putra Perdana 1,2,* and 1,2, Frank* and O. Frank Ostermann O. Ostermann 1 1 Aji Putra Perdana 1,2,* ID and Frank O. Ostermann 1 ID 1 Faculty1 ofFaculty Geo-Information of Geo-Information Science, Science,University University of Twente, of Twente,7500 AE 7500 Enschede, AE Enschede, The Netherlands; The Netherlands; 1 [email protected]@utwente.nlFaculty of Geo-Information Science, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; 2 Geospatial2 Geospatial Information Information Agency Agency(BIG),[email protected] Jl. (BIG), Raya Jl.Jakarta Raya- BogorJakarta Km.-Bogor 46, Km.Cibinong, 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Bogor Indonesia 16911, Indonesia; ; 2 [email protected]@big.go.id Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia * Correspondin* Corresponding author:g [email protected];author:* [email protected];Correspondence: Tel.: [email protected] +31 Tel.:-610-27-6672 +31-610-27-6672 or [email protected]; Tel.: +31-610-27-6672 Received:Received: 30 March 30 2018 March; Accepted: 2018; Accepted: 13 June 201813 June; Published: 2018; Published: date date Received: 30 March 2018; Accepted: 13 June 2018; Published: 16 June 2018 Abstract:Abstract: The emerging The emerging trendsAbstract: andtrends technologies Theand emergingtechnologies of surveying trends of surveying and and technologies mapping and mapping potentially of surveying potentially enable and local mappingenable local potentially enable local experts expertsto contribute to contribute and share expertsand their share to local contributetheir geographical localand geographical share knowledge their knowledge local of geographical place of names place knowledge (toponyms).names (toponyms). of placeWe names We (toponyms). We can can see canthe increasingsee the increasing numberssee numbers of the toponyms increasing of toponyms in numbers digital in platforms,digital of toponyms platforms, such in as digital suchOpenStreetMap, as platforms, OpenStreetMap, such Facebook as OpenStreetMap, Facebook Facebook Place Place Editor,Place Editor,Swarm SwarmFoursquare, Foursquare,Editor, and Swarm Google and Foursquare, GoogleLocal Guide. Local and OnGuide. Googlethe otherOn the Local hand, other Guide. government hand, Ongovernment the agencies other agencies hand, government agencies keep workingkeep working to produce to produce concisekeep concise workingand complete and to producecomplete gazetteers. concise gazetteers. Crowdsourced and completeCrowdsourced geographic gazetteers. geographic information Crowdsourced information geographic information and citizenand sciencecitizen scienceapproaches approachesand offer citizen a newoffer science paradigma new approaches paradigm of toponym offer of toponym a collection. new paradigm collection. This ofpaper This toponym addresses paper collection. addresses This paper addresses issues inissues the advancingin the advancing toponymissues toponym practice. in the advancingpractice. First, we First, toponymsystematically we systematically practice. examine First, examined wethe systematically currentd the currentstate of examined state of the current state of toponymtoponym collection collection and handling andtoponym handling practice collection practice by multiple and by handlingmultiple stakeholders, stakeholders, practice and by we multiple and identified we stakeholders, identified a recurring a recurring and we identified a recurring set of problems.set of problems. Secondly, Secondly, weset develop of we problems. developed a citizened Secondly, a sciencecitizen we scienceapproach developed approach, based a citizen,on based a crowdsourcing scienceon a crowdsourcing approach, level based level on a crowdsourcing of participationof participation, to collect, to toponyms.collectlevel toponyms. of participation, Thirdly, Thirdly, we examine to collectwe examined the toponyms. implementationd the implementation Thirdly, wein the examined context in the thecontextof an implementation of an in the context IndonesianIndonesian case study. case Thestudy.of results anThe Indonesian resultsshow thatshow case public that study. publicparticipation The resultsparticipation in show toponym thatin toponym public collection participation collection is an is in an toponym collection is approachapproach with the with potential the potentialan to approach solve to problemssolve with problems the in potential toponym in toponym to handling, solve problemshandling, such inas such toponymlimited as limitedhuman handling, human such as limited human resources,res ources,accessibility, accessibility, and resources,completeness and completeness accessibility, of toponym of andtoponym information. completeness information. The of lessons toponym The lessonslearnt information. include learnt include the The lessons the learnt include the knowledgeknowledge that the that success the knowledgesuccess of this ofapproach this that approach the depends success depends on of the this onwillingness approach the willingness depends of the governmentof on the the government willingness to to of the government to advanceadvance their workflow, their workflow, theadvance degree the degreeof their collaboration workflow, of collaboration between the degree between stakehold of collaboration stakeholders, anders the, between and presence the stakeholders,presence of a of a and the presence of communicativecommunicative approach approach in aintroducing communicative in introducing and sharing approach and sharing toponym in introducing toponym guidelines guidelines and with sharing the with community. toponym the community. guidelines with the community. Keywords:Keywords: citizen citizenscience; science; Keywords:volunteered volunteeredcitizen geographic science; geographic information volunteered information (VGI) geographic; toponym;(VGI) information; toponym; crowdsourced (VGI);crowdsourced toponym; crowdsourced data data collection;data collection; data quality data qualitycollection; data quality 1. Opportunities1. Opportunitie for Nesw fo Approacher 1.Ne Opportunitiesw Approaches to Collects for to CollectNewPlace Approaches Names Place Names to Collect Place Names Place namesPlace (knownnames (known as toponyms) asPlace toponyms) namesare an (knownindispensable are an indispensable as toponyms) component component are anof our indispensable communication of our communication component about of about our communication about geographicgeographic features features or regions, geographicor regions, both natural features both naturaland or regions, man and-made both man natural-made[1,2]. They and[1,2] man-made .serve They manyserve [1,2 ].purposes,many They servepurposes, many purposes, including includingincluding the obvious the obvious needthe for need obvious unambiguous for unambiguous need for identification unambiguous identification for identificationnavigation, for navigation, but for also navigation, but for also current for but current also for current territorial territorialterritorial claims and claims managing and claimsmana a society’sging and a managingsociety’s past (e.g. past a, to society’s (e.g.compare, to compare past the (e.g.,renaming the to renaming compare of streets theof or streets renaming even or entire even of streetsentire or even entire cities cities followingcities following a regime a regimechange)following change) [3–8]. aToponyms [3 regime–8]. Toponyms change) frequently [frequently3–8 have]. Toponyms deeper have deepermeanings, frequently meanings, often have involving often deeper involving meanings, often involving complicatedcomplicated semantics semantics relatedcomplicated relatedto language to language semantics and history and related history[9–11] to, but[9 language–11] many, but toponyms andmany history toponyms also [9 –describe11 also], but describe the many toponymsthe also describe featuresfeatures they name. they Some name. example Somethe features example toponyms they toponyms from name. Indonesia from Some Indonesia example are derived are toponyms derived from folklore fromfrom Indonesiafolklore tales (Mount tales are (Mount derived from folklore tales Tangkubanperahu,Tangkubanperahu, Banyuwangi), Banyuwangi),(Mount historical Tangkubanperahu, historical names (Jakartnames Banyuwangi),a (Jakart from Jayakartaa from Jayakarta historical), or names), names or ofnames persons (Jakarta of persons that from that Jayakarta), or names of have beenhave adjusted been adjusted to the localtopersons the language local that language have (Malioboro been (Malioboro adjusted from toGeneral thefrom local General Malborough, language Malborough, (Malioboro or Sampur or from Sampur from General from Malborough, or Sampur Zandvoort)Zandvoort) [12–14] .[12 Other–14] .(natural) Otherfrom Zandvoort) (natural) features features [can12– 14cross]. can Other multiple cross (natural) multiple linguistic features linguistic regions, can cross regions, for multiple example for example linguistic, the , t regions,he for example, the river “Danube”river “Danube” has severa hasriver l severalnames: “Danube” names:“Donau” has “Donau” several in Germany names:in Germa “Donau”andny Austria, and in GermanyAustria, “Dunaj” and“Du in Austria,naj” Slovakia, in “Dunaj”Slovakia, in Slovakia,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Male Names in X-Son in Brazilian Anthroponymy: a Morphological, Historical, and Constructional Approach
    Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, v. 26, n. 3, p. 1295-1350, 2018 Male Names in X-Son in Brazilian Anthroponymy: a Morphological, Historical, and Constructional Approach Nomes masculinos X-son na antroponímia brasileira: uma abordagem morfológica, histórica e construcional Natival Almeida Simões Neto Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Bahia / Brasil [email protected] Juliana Soledade Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia / Brasil Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF / Brasil [email protected] Resumo: Neste trabalho, pretendemos fazer uma análise de nomes masculinos terminados em -son na lista de aprovados dos vestibulares de 2016 e 2017 da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, como Anderson, Jefferson, Emerson, Radson, Talison, Erickson e Esteferson. Ao todo, foram registrados 96 nomes graficamente diferentes. Esses nomes, quando possível, foram analisados do ponto de vista etimológico, com base em consultas nos dicionários onomásticos de língua portuguesa de Nascentes (1952) e de Machado (1981), além de dicionários de língua inglesa, como os de Arthur (1857) e Reaney e Willson (2006). Foram também utilizados como materiais de análise a Lista de nomes admitidos em Portugal, encontrada no site do Instituto dos Registos e do Notariado, de Portugal, e a Plataforma Nomes no Brasil, disponível no site do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Quanto às análises morfológicas aqui empreendidas, utilizamos como aporte teórico-metodológico a Morfologia Construcional, da maneira proposta por Booij (2010), Soledade (2013), Gonçalves (2016a), Simões Neto (2016) e Rodrigues (2016). Em linhas gerais, o artigo vislumbra observar a trajetória do formativo –son na criação de antropônimos no Brasil. Para isso, eISSN: 2237-2083 DOI: 10.17851/2237-2083.26.3.1295-1350 1296 Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, v.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PORTUGUESE CONTRIBUTION to SOUTH AFRICAN TOPONYMY Dr
    Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 18, Nr 3, 1988. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za THE PORTUGUESE CONTRIBUTION TO SOUTH AFRICAN TOPONYMY Dr. P.E. Raper* In hierdie artikel weergee dr. Raper, verbonde aan die Onomastiese Navorsingsentrum van die RGN, die reise van die onverskrokke Portugese seevaarders, ondermeer Oias en Oa Gama, en die plekname wat hulle agtergelaat het. Na 'n deeglike bespreking van 'n paar van hierdie name kom dr. Raper tot die gevolgtrekking dat hierdie name, op grond daarvan dat hulle die eerste name in suider Afrika was wat deur Europeers nagelaat is, van belang is vanuit 'n kulturele, historiese en Iingu'istiese oogpunt. Names are a vital part of language. They not necessitated frequent tacks or changes in direc- only facilitate communication but also make it tion. possible for us to orientate ourselves in the world in which we live. Names identify entities and Having then been blown out to sea and driven distinguish them from others. In contrast to 'ordi- eastwards, Dias found himself at the present- nary' words in a language, names are used day Mossel Bay, which he named Angra dos freely in other languages and thus have a Vaqueiros, 'bay of herdsmen'. A later expedition greater international impact. Yet in the first named it Anguada de SEW Bras, 'watering-place place, at the time of their bestowal, they were at St Blaize', after the saint to whom the day is derived from a specific language and reflect the dedicated on which Dias first saw it. culture, life-style and attitudes of the people who bestowed them.
    [Show full text]
  • Onomastics Between Sacred and Profane
    Onomastics between Sacred and Profane Edited by Oliviu Felecan Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, North University Center of Baia Mare, Romania Series in Language and Linguistics Copyright © 2019 Vernon Press, an imprint of Vernon Art and Science Inc, on behalf of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Vernon Art and Science Inc. www.vernonpress.com In the Americas: In the rest of the world: Vernon Press Vernon Press 1000 N West Street, C/Sancti Espiritu 17, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Malaga, 29006 Delaware 19801 Spain United States Series in Language and Linguistics Library of Congress Control Number: 2018951085 ISBN: 978-1-62273-401-6 Product and company names mentioned in this work are the trademarks of their respective owners. While every care has been taken in preparing this work, neither the authors nor Vernon Art and Science Inc. may be held responsible for any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. Table of Contents Foreword vii Acknowledgments xxi Contributors xxiii Preface xxv Part One: Onomastic Theory. Names of God(s) in Different Religions/Faiths and Languages 1 Chapter 1 God’s Divine Names in the Qur’aan : Al-Asmaa' El-Husna 3 Wafa Abu Hatab Chapter 2 Planning the Name of God and the Devil.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement and Toponymy in Ancient Catalunya
    NAMING THE PROVINCIAL LANDSCAPE: SETTLEMENT AND TOPONYMY IN ANCIENT CATALUNYA LEONARD A. CURCHIN UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO (CANADÁ) RESUMEN: La historia del asentamiento antiguo en la Cataluña se refleja en su toponi- mia. Mientras que muchos de los nombres son ibéricos, hay también gran cantidad de nombres indoeuropeos (ni griegos ni latinos), que sugieren un asentamiento importante de habladores de una lengua indoeuropea, presumiblemente anterior a la dominación ibérica. Más sorprendente es la ausencia de topónimos célticos, no obstante la presencia de campos de urnos, cabezas cortadas, y espadas y fíbulas de tipo La Tène. Se propone que tales costumbres y artefactos pueden interpretarse de otros modos, no célticos. ABSTRACT: The history of ancient settlement in Catalunya is reflected in its toponymy. Although many of the names are Iberian, there is also a large number of Indo-European names (neither Greek nor Latin) which suggest an important settlement of Indo- European speakers, presumably antedating the Iberian domination. More surprising is the absence of Celtic toponyms, despite the presence of urnfields, severed heads, and swords and fibulas of La Tène type. The author proposes that these customs and artifacts can be interpreted in other, non-Celtic ways. The study of ancient place-names can pay impressive dividends in re- constructing the linguistic history of a region1. Toponyms tend to be conserva- tive, remaining in use for centuries after their original meaning has been forgot- ten2; they thus serve as linguistic fossils, preserving traces of all the language groups that settled there. Geographic names recorded in sources of the Roman period therefore provide evidence not only for Romanization (as indicated by 1 Funding for this project was generously provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Island Studies Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, Pp. 243-254 Toponymy And
    Island Studies Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 243-254 Toponymy and nissology: an approach to defining the Balearic Islands’ geographical and cultural character Antoni Ordinas Garau Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain [email protected] and Jaume Binimelis Sebastián Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain [email protected] ABSTRACT: The cultural identity of each of the larger islands that make up the Balearic archipelago is shown through the local geographical terminology and toponymy, which are results of the successive overlapping of languages and cultures brought to the islands by various peoples throughout history. By classifying and analyzing the toponymy and geographical terminology of the Balearic Islands, unique particularities can be found. There are differences between each of the islands, as well as with non-island territory, as a result of centuries of isolation. This same isolation has also led to the preservation of terminology and other linguistic aspects, and has created an endemic culture. The results of the records of terminology that contribute to the geographical and cultural characterization of the Balearic Islands are presented along with some keys to understanding the islands’ idiosyncrasies. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.15 Keywords: Balearic Islands, cultural identity, ethnography, geographical terminology, nissology, toponymy Nissology, geography, and toponymy Despite the course of action begun by Moles (1982) and the opinion of McCall (1996) that the new millennium would be the one of island sciences, to Espínola & Cravidao (2014) who highlighted the contribution of geography to their expertise, nissology1, or islandology, undoubtedly has a promising future. This is true not only because the world is full of islands (Baldacchino, 2006), but because of the valuable role that they play when considering any of the three lines of research suggested by King (2010).
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Use — and Misuse — of Geographical Names
    The Cartographic Journal Vol. 41 No. 2 pp. 85–87 IGC Special Issue 2004 © The British Cartographic Society 2004 INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL CONGRESS —UK 2004, GLASGOW Toponymy and Geopolitics: The Political Use — and Misuse — of Geographical Names Naftali Kadmon ‘Nofim’, 2 Henrietta Szold Street, IL-96784, Jerusalem, Israel Email: [email protected] TOPONYMIC WARS the western and southern side decided otherwise: for them it was the Arabian Gulf. This duality was carried over and ‘War is the continuation of political intercourse by other in time came to denote a political rivalry, which culminated means’ wrote Carl von Clausewitz in 1828.1 Is a war of names a precursor to actual physical warfare? The possibility, in the war between Iraq, former Mesopotamia, and Iran, and even probability, was rather acute several years ago. In heir to the former empire of Persia. On 20 September the 1980s the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which 1996 a note on the internet reflected a query by a Canadian had held together under the leadership of Marshal Josip surfer, who said as follows: ‘One producer of maps (John Broz Tito, fell apart and in some of these parts turned into a Bartholomew & Son) labeled the water body “Persian Gulf” bloody battlefield. But its northernmost and southernmost on a 1977 map of Iran, and then “Arabian Gulf”, also in constituents not only obtained (or rather declared) their 1977, in a map which focused on the Gulf States. I would independence, but remained unscathed — Slovenia com- gather that this is an indication of the “politics of maps”, pletely, and Macedonia nearly so.
    [Show full text]
  • An Anthroponymy Study of Public Place Names in the City of Ponte Nova – Minas Gerais
    Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, v. 26, n. 3, p. 1151-1174, 2018 Tradition and memory: an anthroponymy study of public place names in the city of Ponte Nova – Minas Gerais Tradição e memória: um estudo antroponímico dos nomes de logradouros da cidade de Ponte Nova – Minas Gerais Glauciane da Conceição dos Santos Faria Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais / Brazil [email protected] Resumo: O homem usa do léxico para exprimir suas ideias e sentimentos e para exprimir seu universo. Partindo desse princípio, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar uma nova proposta de classificação para a taxe dos antropotopônimos, contribuindo, assim, com a memória cultural da cidade de Ponte Nova (MG) por meio da investigação da Toponímia urbana. Adotaram-se como princípios teórico- metodológicos, recomendações da Toponímia e de disciplinas afins, com ênfase no modelo de classificação taxionômica de Dick (1990). Esta pesquisa insere-se no Projeto ATEMIG – Atlas Toponímico do Estado de Minas Gerais, sediado na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FALE/UFMG). Esse projeto caracteriza-se como um estudo dos nomes de lugares que abrangem todo o território mineiro. Seguindo uma metodologia comum, usada por diferentes pesquisadores, em vários estados, o Projeto ATEMIG adota o “método das áreas” ou dialetológico, utilizado por Dauzat (1926), e as categorias taxionômicas que representam os principais padrões motivadores dos topônimos no Brasil, sugeridas por Dick (1990). O corpus constituiu-se dos 410 antropotopônimos presentes no total de logradouros urbanos da cidade de Ponte Nova – Minas Gerais e foram analisados e organizados de acordo com a data em que foram criados, com a mudança de nomenclatura, com o gênero que representam, com a diferença gráfica entre os nomes grafados nas placas e os oficiais apresentados nas leis e decretos.
    [Show full text]
  • You Claim It, You Name It! HUMAN GEOGRAPHY from the Esri Geoinquiries™ Collection for Human Geography
    You claim it, you name it! HUMAN GEOGRAPHY from the Esri GeoInquiries™ collection for Human Geography Audience – Human geography Time required – 15 minutes Activity Discover the variation of toponyms in different regions of the Americas. APHG Benchmarks APHG: II.C.4. Analyze cultural and political causes and consequences of migration. APHG: III.A. Explain how culture frame the shared behaviors of a society. APHG: III.B. Understand that culture varies by place and region. Learning Outcomes • Students will identify and explain locations in the Americas where French, English, and Spanish toponyms are present today. • Students will explain why the root language of toponyms in North America varies from region to region. Map URL: http://esriurl.com/humanGeoInquiry5 Ask What is a toponym? – Toponymy is the study of place names. You will now take a tour of place names in the Americas. ʅ Click the URL above to launch the map. ʅ Open and read the map note located inside North America (North Dakota). ? Who was North America named after? Why? [Amerigo Vespucci was the first explorer to identify the New World as new continents.] ʅ Open and read the map note located off the west coast of North America. ? What is the language of origin and meaning for the name, Pacific? [Spanish, meaning peaceful] Acquire What is the toponymy of the East Coast? ʅ Click the button, Bookmarks. Select the Eastern Canada bookmark. ? Which languages were used for place names? [French and English] ? What other cultural traits influenced these place names? [Religion] ʅ Click the button, Bookmarks. Select East Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • 25Th International Congress of Onomastic Sciences
    25th International Congress of Onomastic Sciences 25th – 29th August 2014 Glasgow Abstracts / Les Abrégés / Zusammenfassungen (v. 3) Abstracts / Les Abrégés / Zusammenfassungen ORAL PRESENTATIONS ........................................................................................................ 10 Ahrens, Wolfgang – “Naming the Bahamas Islands: History and Folk Etymology” ................... 10 Ainiala, Terhi – “Slang Names as Company Names: Indexes of Localness” .............................. 10 Akselberg, Gunnstein – “Norwegian Farm and Family Names and Their Danish Linguistic Environment” ........................................................................................................................... 10 Aldrin, Emilia – “Nomen est omen? Perception of Names in Text Assessment” ........................ 11 Aleksiejuk, Katarzyna – “Personal Names and Identity Construction on RuNet” ....................... 11 Al-Muhanna, Amin and Jean-Francois Prunet – “Number-Based Nicknames of Kuwaiti Tribes” ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Arcamone, Maria Giovanna – “Langobard and Anglo-Saxon Place Names: A Comparison” .... 12 Aydin, Mehmet – “Individual Names of Household and Office Appliances” ............................. 13 Baker, John – “The Wider Environment of Shropshire Place-Names” ....................................... 13 Balode, Laimute – “Unofficial Urbanonyms of Latvia: Tendencies of Derivation” .................... 13
    [Show full text]
  • On the Relationship Between Toponymy and Linguistics / La Relation Entre La Linguistique Et La Toponymie / Raportul Dintre Toponimie Şi Lingvistică1
    Studii şi cercetări filologice. Seria Limbi Străine Aplicate ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOPONYMY AND LINGUISTICS / LA RELATION ENTRE LA LINGUISTIQUE ET LA TOPONYMIE / RAPORTUL DINTRE TOPONIMIE ŞI LINGVISTICĂ1 Abstract: The purpose of our paper is to demonstrate that toponymy is a science that studies place names both by considering the relationship they maintain with the geographic objects they individualize by naming, and by researching their significance, etymology and changes (phonetic, semantic, morphosyntactic and onomasiological) that occured along their history within the process of denomination. The approach of the place names we quote (e. g. ‘Obcina Bătrână’) include the synchronic and the diachronic criteria, that complement each other. This assertion is supported by the fact that synchronic toponymy describes the situation at a certain point in time, i. e. in the present stage of functionning and existence of place names, whereas diachronic toponymy researches the evolution of facts and phenomena. We have analyzed the toponyms that we quote in our paper according to a series of concepts that were proposed and theorized by Dragoş Moldovanu (1972: 73-100) (such as ‘toponymic field’, ‘polarization’ and ‘differentiation’), concepts that aim both at emphasizing the relationship between the name and the extralinguistic object it designates, and at presenting the significance, etymology and changes the toponyms underwent in time within the denomination process. We have also intended to prove that common names and place names do not exclude each other, but develop a relationship of reciprocity in spite of certain semantic, derivational and grammatical peculiarities that separates them. Some place names are entopic (descriptive toponyms), while there are other that come from anthroponyms (personal toponyms).
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Through Toponymy: Using Indigenous Place-Names in Outdoor Science Camps
    Teaching Through Toponymy: Using Indigenous Place-Names In Outdoor Science Camps Karen Ann Heikkila B.A., University of British Columbia, 1994 B.Ed., University of British Columbia, 1995 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (Geography) The University of Northern British Columbia January 2007 ©Karen Ann Heikkila, 2007 For All who teach and make known the Dakelh language and culture Abstract The naming of places, be they landforms, villages or cities, is a cultural phenomenon dating back to the earliest of times. Naming to identify and differentiate places seems to be as basic a need as assigning names to the persons and objects that make up one’s world. In the Tl’azt’en culture, where oral transmission was the means of passing down knowledge, people developed particular strategies for recalling information. Routes to hunting grounds or fishing holes, for instance, were memorized with the aid of place-names and through the narratives that illumined the named places. This study examines the potential of Dakelh place-names as a tool for educating Tl’azt’en children and youth about the Tl’azt’en ancestral past, the Dakelh language and places on the land that have sustained Tl’azt’enne for generations. The processes of colonization, resistance and cultural reclamation as observed in the naming and re-naming of places provides a theoretical framework from which to explore the potential of indigenous place-names to address issues of cultural revitalization and identity-strengthening. Such theory enables understanding of the importance of indigenous language and places on the land in sustaining cultural identity and forming the basis for appreciating oral tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • Hispanics and Recent Latino Immigrants Locate Disproportionally in Places with Spanish Names
    Hispanics and Recent Latino Immigrants Locate Disproportionally in Places with Spanish Names Albert Saiz - University of Pennsylvania (The Wharton School). 1466 Steinberg-Dietrich Hall; 3620 locust Walk. Philadelphia, PA 19104.6302. Phone: 215-898 28 59. Fax: 215-573 22 20. Email: [email protected] Abstract There is a strong demographic association between Spanish place-names and the share of the Hispanic population in Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, and Texas. After controlling for county xed eects and a host of observable variables, two otherwise observably-similar and geographically-proximate communities that only dier by Spanish-name origin can be expected to contain a share of Hispanics that diers by 3 percentage points. This implies an increment in the population of Hispanic origin of 10 percent in Spanish-named towns. The association between Spanish toponymy and Hispanic demographics was already strong 40 years ago. However, recent Latino immigrants were also more likely to locate in places with Spanish names. Conventional naming patterns had strong social impacts 150 years after the Mexican-American War and subsequent acquisition of these territories. These results with respect to a seemingly irrelevant local attribute, toponymy, underline the historical resilience of culturally- driven demographic settlement patterns. 1 1 Introduction A large number of cities, towns, villages, and inhabited places in Texas and the Southwestern United States bear Spanish names, usually remarked upon as silent witnesses of a bygone era. Current demographic research acknowledges the importance of direct kinship and community networks to account for immigration decisions and destinations [1]. However, there is less evidence on whether past cultural and historic attributes inuence current demographic patterns.
    [Show full text]