Site Definition Proposal
Illinois Basin Ultradeep Drillhole
Submitted by Site Definition Committee for the IBUD Consortium Proposal Entitled
ILL INOIS BASIN ULTRADEEP DRILLHOLE SITE DEFINITION PROPOSAL
For Submission To
DOSECC , Inc. 7711 SW 103rd Ave. Gainesvi lle, Florida 32608
and
Dept. of Energy Division of Engineeri ng Geosciences Office of Basic Energy& Sciences Washington, DC 20545
by
J. James Eidel Il l inoi s State Geol ogi cal Survey
Make Grant To: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinoi s 506 South Wri ght St . U rbana, Illinoi s 61801
Amount Requested : $ 3,820 ,950 ��� ...... _�������-
Project Period : 36 months
P a Investigator · 1 34-28�0067 s
Morris J. J. Kafnerer, Director . Chief Grants and Contracts Ad�i�istr ion Illinois State Geol ogi cal Survey Unive rsity of Il i nois_,. � 1 f.>C?> � '?> •"'� \.'� .... �"' � flJ.,. .;)'i �
Site Definition Proposal Illinois Basin Ultradeep Drillhole
Collaborative Study by Argonne National Laboratory Illinois State Geological Survey Northern Illinois University Purdue University Southern Illinois University University of Pittsburgh United States Geological Survey University of Texas, El Paso
Submitted by the IBUD Site Definition Committee
J. James Eidel, Project Director William J. Hinze, Chairman, Steering Committee Illinois State Geological Survey Department of Geosciences East Peabody Drive Purdue University 615 Champaign, Illinois West Lafayette, Indiana 61820 47907 Printed by authorityof the State of lllinois/19871200 CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 7
INTRODUCTION 8
The Scientific probl em and the Role of Ultra-Deep Dril ling Devel opment of the Dril ling Pl an The Study Area Objectives of Site Definition Organizational Plan
OVERVIEW OF SCIENCE PLAN 13
THE STUDY AREA 16
Justification of the Hub Site Alternate Dril ling Sites Regional Basement Geol ogy Regional Geology of the Illinois Basin St ratigraphy and St ructure of the Hub Sit e
RESEARCH PLAN 32
Int roduction Geol ogic Studies Paleozoic Geol ogy Basement Geology Seismic Program Introductibn Regional St ructure and Tectonics of Il linois Basin Previous Seismic Studies of the Upper Mississippi Embayment and Illinois Basin Objectives of Crustal Seismic Studies Nea r the Hub Area Research Plan for IBUD Crustal Seismic Studies Seismic Profiles - Refraction/Wide-Angle Refl ection Seismic Profil es - Deep Refl ection Data Seismic Profil es - Regional Reflection Profil es Seismic Profiles - Detail ed Refl ection Data Data Acquisition and Processing I nte rp retat ion Potential Fiel d Studies Magnetotel luric Investigations
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT PLAN 58
Int roduction Administrative St ructure Management Pl an Integration of Studies Role of Investigative Teams Rol e of Steering Committee Role of Site Definition Advisory Committee
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES 6l PERSONNEL 64
REFERENCES 66
BUDGET EXPLANATION 72
BUDGET SUMMARY AND DETAIL 72 a
VITA 84 ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Hub site and other sites recommended by !BUD Workshop 11 •••
2. New Madrid Rift Complex ••• 14 3. Schematic Diagrams il lustrating the plate reconstruction of the North American craton and interactions with adjacent plates and geologic activity of the New Madrid Rift Complex ••• 15 4. Seismic Reflection Profil e across Rough Creek Graben ••• 18 5. Bouger Gravity anomaly map of the central midcontinent region, North America ••• 19 6. Band-passed Bouguer Gravity anomaly map of the centra l midcontinent region, North America ••• 20 7. Aeromagnetic map of cent ral midcontinent region , North Ame rica ••• 21 8. Upward continued, reduced to pole composite magnetic anomaly map of the central mid continent region , North America ••• 22 9. St ructural features of the Illinois Basin and adjacent areas ••• 23 10. Index map showing deep dril lhol es in the cent ral midcontinent region, North America ••• 26 11. Bedrock geol ogy of Illinois Basin and adjacent areas ••• 27 . 12. St ratigraphic Column of Eastern Midcontinent · ••• 30 13. Hypothetical cross section of the Rough Creek Graben of western Kentucky ••• 31 14. Index map of New Madrid Rift Complex ••• 37 15. Schematic bl ock diagram il l ust rating the structure of the crystal line crust and Phanerozoic sedimentary basins beneath the New Madrid Rift Complex in the upper Mississippi Embayment and Ill inois Basin ••• 38 16. Contou r map of earthquake seismicity ••• 39 17 . Upper Missis sippi Embayment crustal models across the Reel foot Rift (upper diagram) and al ong the axis of the Reel foot Rift ••• 41 18. Index map of the Wabash Val ley Fault region of southeastern Illinois and southwestern Indiana ••• 43 19. Example of seismic reflection data for the Wabash Val ley refl ection survey ••• 44 20. Composite seismic refl ection record section of the East end of the Grayvil le line and west end of the New Harmony line of the Wabash Val ley seismic data ••• 45 21. Northwest to southeast schematic cross-section of the upper crust across the Wabash Val ley Fault System in southeastern Illinois and southwestern Indi ana ••• 46 22. Locations of proposed refract ion and deep sei smic reflection to be recorded in the Hub area ••• 48 23 . Proposed seismi c refl ection profi les near the Hub site ••• 49 24 . Depl oyment plan for IBUD sei smi c studies . . . 50 . 25 . IBUD Site Defi nition Management Plan ••• 60 TABLES
I. Avai lable Samples from Hub Area at the Illin ois and Kentucky Geol ogical Surveys ••• 33 II. Li st of Deep Drillholes to Basement or Pre-Mt. Si mon Sandstone in the Illinoi s Basin and Adjacent Areas ••• 34 III. IBUD Sei smi c Profi les ••• 51 IV. Schedul e of Activities ••• 62
ABSTRACT
Of the many geologic probl ems associated with the continental crust, perhaps none is as significant as the origin and history of cratonic basins . There are more than 80 crato nic basins in the world. Many of these are known to have underlying rifts . The Ill inois Basin is an intracratonic basin cl osely associated with the underlying New Madrid Rift Complex. !BUD is proposed at or near thickest section of stratified rocks (7 to 8 kil ometers) in the Illinois Basin . The hol e wil l be designed to test the hypothesis that the Illinois Basin is genetically rel ated to the underlying rift system. Data from the hole wil l hel p resolve one of the great mysteries of geoscience, the origin of cratonic basins .
Dril ling of the !BUD was recommended at a workshop of more than 120 earth scientists, hel d in Champaign, Illinois, in April 1986 . The working groups of the wor kshop unanimousl y sel ected a 10,000- square-kil ometer area centered near the town of Sal ine Mines in southeasternmost Gall atin County, extreme southeastern Illinois, as the prime area for the !BUD location; the area is cal led the "Hub site" because it overl ies the Reelfoot Rift, the Rough Creek Graben and the two postul ated arms of the New Madrid rift compl ex. The workshop determined that more geophysical data are essential to define the precise dril lsite for !BUD . In response, this site definition proposal provides a precise program of geophysical and geological studies for !BUD site definition.
Site definition wil l ta ke pl ace in three phases . Phase I involves regional gravity, magnetic, refraction seismic, deep and intermediate depth refl ection seismic, and magnetotel l uric surveys in and around the Hub site . These surveys wil l refine our knowl edge of regional geol ogy at depth and wil l focus site sel ection on a smaller area . In Phase II, detail ed surveys, mainly high-resolution seismic profil es, wil l be made in the small area chosen in Phase I. From the data obtained in Phase II a precise dril l site for the !BUD wil l be sel ected . Phase III incl udes intergration of results and a Site Selection Workshop to recommend the !BUD site .
The site sel ection program is expected to require about 2 1/2 years and to cost approximately $3.8 mil lion . Costs are preliminary and subject to further negotiation, in part, because geophysical contract prices can not be held to cost estimates if the economics of the oil and gas industry improve and because determination of indirect costs is dependent upon the source of funds and the timing of appropriations . INTRODUCTION
The Scienti fi c Probl em and the Role of Ultradeep Drilling
Despite more than 140 years of intensive study based on shal low expl oration for oi l, gas, and mi neral s, the history of the Illinois Basi n- particularly the ea rly hi story--is poorly known because deep drilling and core samples are ra re and the lower 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) of layered rocks are undri lled. Of al l the geol ogi c probl ems of the continental crust, probably no single problem is as significant or has as many rami fi cati ons as the ori gi n and history of intracratoni c basins such as the Illinoi s Basin. The answer to this problem remai ns el usi ve (Sl eep et al ., 1980 ; Qui nlan and Beaumont , 1984 ; Sloss, 1986) .
There are more than 80 cratonic basins in the world. Many of these are underl ain by ri fts (Bally and Snel son, 1980; Kl emme, 1980; and St. John, Bal ly and Kl emme , 1984) . Geol ogi c and geophysical evi dence (Lidiak, 1982 ; DeRito et al ., 1983 ; Kel ler et al ., 1983) suggests that many , if not al l, intracratoni c basins are underlai n by ri fts. Such is the case of the Illinoi s Basin (Braile et al ., 1986) . Therefore , it is proposed that a 9 ki l ometer (30,000 foot) ultradeep hole be dri lled at or nea r the deepest part of the Illinoi s Basin to expl ore the rel at ionship between this intracratonic basin and the associated , underlyi ng ri ft. The dri llhole wi ll provi de an opportunity to determi ne the early history of the Illinois Basi n, its present geologic and geophysical characteri stics , and important constra ints on the theories of ori gi n of intracratonic basins. The Il linoi s Basin is part i cularly wel l suited to such an investigation because of the considerabl e data base avai labl e from recent geol ogic mappi ng , geophysi cal studies , tens of thousands of avai lable samples from drillholes, and the spatial and temporal continuum that exi sts between the sag porti on of the Illinois Basin and the underl yi ng ri ft.
The Illinoi s Basin is an intracratonic sedimentary basin cl osely associated with a complex, anci ent ri ft zone: the New Madrid Ri ft Complex (Braile et al ., 1982) . However, the significance and the nature of the associ ati on between the ri ft and the basin is at the present time specul ati ve. Throughout most of the 350 mi llion year history of subs i dence in the Illinois Basin, the apparent depocenter was situated near the intersect ion of the Reel foot Ri ft, the Rough Creek Graben , and the geophysical ly defi ned Southern Indiana and St. Louis arms of the New Madrid Rift Complex.
The primary object ives of the Illinoi s Basin ultradeep drillhole (IBUD) scienti fic program are to investi gate the nature and structure of approximately 3000 meters (10 ,000 feet) of previ ously unsampled ri ft -fi ll rocks bel ow the Illinois Basin, study the character of the basement rocks that underl ie the ri ft, and provi de data to hel p construct a detai led thermal and subsidence history of the basin and the preceding ri ft . The exi stence of these ri ft-related sediments beneath the Illinoi s Basin has recently been confi rmed in the Reelfoot Rift area by sei smi c refraction (Mooney et al , 1983 ; Ginsburg et al , 1983) and refl ection (McKeown , 1984 ) studi es as wel l as by drilling (Denison , 1984) , in the Wabash Val ley area by reflecti on profi ling (Sexton et al , 1986) , and in the Rough Creek Graben from gravity modeling (Soderberg and Kel ler, 1981) and prop ri etary reflect i on data. This information wi ll establ ish important constrai nts on the origin of the basi n 9
and as such will be useful for testing the nu111erous theories that have been proposed to explain intracratonic, platform basins (Bally, 1980).
The IBUO will also provide critical geophysical parameters that heretofore could only be estimated from data collected at the surface or in shallower drillholes. Pararieters such as density, magnetic polarization, seisriic velocity, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity will be deterriined at depths and from lithologies currently not available. These physical properties will play an important role in more precise modeling and interpretation of geophysical data.
The New Madrid Rift Complex, particularly the Reelfoot Rift, which lies along the axis of the northern Mississippi Embayment, has historically been the most active seismic region east of the Cordillera. In the winter of 1811- 1812, a sequence of at least three major earthquakes occurred in .the Reelfoot Rift. A repeat of such events today would cause damage in the hundreds of millions of dollars and loss of lives in the thousands. Seismologists agree that this region continues to represent a considerable threat to the country and one where there are significant gaps in our understanding of mechanisms and causes of the earthquake activity. The IBUD experiments will address those gaps by providing basic knowledge of earthquakes and their relation to the rift corriplex and in permitting in situ stress measurements in a seis111ically critical region at various depths, including depths at which 111any earthquakes occur.
Development of the Drilling Plan
In the mid-1970s the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) initiated intensive seismo-tectonic research related to the earthquake hazards in the region of the New Madrid, Missouri. The USGS conducted numerous surface and suhsurface studies, including shallow drilling, as well as intensive seismic and potential field investigations in the New Madrid region (McKeown and Pakiser, 1982). This work, sparked hy potential-field data and corroborated by seismic reflection data, led to the identification of a late Precaribrian-early Cambrian rift by Hildenbrand et al. (1977), as previously suggesterl by Ervin and Mc Ginnis (1975).
During the same period, the NRC established a seismo-tectonic research consortium of central midcontinent university and state survey researchers (Buschhach, 1986). The studies by this consortium were wide-ranging in scope, discipline, anrl geographic area; but a major emphasis was placed on the �orthern extension of the New Madrid Seismic Zone across the 38th Parallel Lineament and into the Wabash Valley Fault zone of southern Illinois and Indiana. These and related studies provided evidence of the Reelfoot Rift (Mississippi Valley Graben) in western Kentucky and southern Illinois and a connecting easterly arm--the Rough Creek Graben (Moorman Syncline)--in western Kentucky (Soderherg and Keller, 1981; Schwalb, 1982; Hildenbrand and Keller, 1983). These grabens were interpreted from gravity, magnetic, and seismic reflection data and were corroborated by petroleum exploration drillholes that bottorried in deep, grahen-filling sedimentary rock sections (Schwalb, 1982). Related geophysical studies (Braile et al., 1982; Sexton et al., 1986) indicated two other arms of the New Madrid Rift Co111plex--one arm reaching northeastward into southern Indiana and another arm extending northwestward along the Mississippi River. The intersection of the four arms of the rift complex was designated the Hub site; it underlies the depocenter of the Illinois Rasin. 10
Recognition of the significance of the relationship between the late Precambrian-early Cambrian rift complex to the Illinois Basin encouraged the Illinois State Geological Survey to propose an ultradeep drillhole into the Illinois Basin and underlying rift to provide continuous core from the sedimentary section and sample basement rocks below the rift. This proposal in 1985 led to a workshop to elucidate the primary and secondary scientific objectives of the drilling and to prioritize potential drilling sites. This workshop, held in April 1986, resulted in the preparation of a preliminary Plan for Science and this proposal for Hub site definition and site selection.
Study Area
The New Madrid Rift Complex presents an ideal target for ultradeep scientific drilling into the craton because it has had a profound effect either directly or indirectly upon the tectonic history of the midcontinent from late Precambrian time to the present (Kane et al., 1981, Keller et al., 1983, and Braile et al., 1986). The location, lithologic character of the related sedimentary and igneous rocks, and the structural attributes of the rift complex are currently known only from geophysical data and a few widely spaced drillholes, none of which penetrate the layered rocks of the rift or basement rocks below the rift. The scientific merits of ultradeep drilling into four general areas of the rift complex were considered during the April 1986 workshop (fig. 1). Although each of these areas offers particular scientific advantages, it was the unanimous decision of all disciplines represented at the workshop that the optimum site for ultradeep drilling is at the coincident hub of the New Madrid Rift complex at or near the depocenter of the Illinois Basin.
The 11Hub11 area, as shown in figure 1, is a square region 100 kilometers (62 miles) on a side centered near the town of Saline Mines in southeastern Gallatin County, Illinois. The area includes portions of southeastern Illinois, western Kentucky, and southwestern Indiana. This site includes a host of pertinent geological and geophysical features in addition to the intersection of the four postulated arms of the rift complex. Available geophysical data indicate that the basement lies at a depth in excess of 7 kilometers (23,000 feet) near the intersection of the Reelfoot Rift and the Rough Creek Graben. The lower 3000 meters (10,000 feet) of this section has never been drilled.
Objectives of Site Definition
Current geologic knowledge of the New Madrid Rift Complex and the deeper portions of the Illinois Basin are known mainly from regional potential field data, proprietary seismic reflection profiles, and a few scattered drillholes that do not penetrate the entire section. As a result, inte�pretations �f the nature of these rocks and related tectonic models are regional in type and poorly constrained hy integration of varying types of data from different sources. Although independent geophysical and geologic interpretations agree on the general location of the intersection of the Reelfoot Rift and the Rough Creek Graben and the approximate depth of the hasement, the highly detailed data regarding lithologic units and their structure that are required for optimally locating the hole for scientific purposes is not available. Furthermore, the regional geologic framework of the crust affected by rifting needs to be established in order to hypothesize tectonic models for the rift and subsequent intracratonic basin development. 30 60 mi o -mLl \-� ...... -lr--· ...... o 50 100 krn
-40°
I I I I -36"' I I ° ° ° ° ° I 91 90 89 88 87° 86 85° Hub site and other sites recommended by IBUD Workshop. Figure 1. 12
The site defi nition phase of the !BUD project wi ll have two prima ry goal s. Fi rst , the investigation wi ll invol ve characterization of the crust to establ ish the cru stal framework of the Hub region. Data from the sedimentary and crystal line basement rocks wi ll del imit the general local ity for the !BUD and will provide the regional background or framework for interp reting the results of drilling, then devel oping and testing tectonic model s. Second, the study wi ll intensi vely investigate the local ity selected for the drilling duri ng the initial phase. Based on the results of the regional investigation, the second phase wi ll focus on defi nition of a drill site to accomplish the primary objective of the !BUD and as many rel ated objecti ves as possi ble. The second phase of site defi nition will focus on maximizing the sci entific results from drilling and defi ning obstacles to completion of the hole so that they mi ght be avoided.
The first phase extending over a 12-month peri od will involve (1) the acquisition and analysis of regional refl ection and deep crustal seismic, gravity, magnetic, and magnetotel luric data, and (2) the synthesis of al l avai lable geol ogic information. A geol ogic model from the upper mantle to the surface wi ll be devel oped through an iterati ve process with increasing precision and resol ution toward the surface and the center of the Hub area. Detai led reflection sei smi c, gravity , magnet ic, and magnetotel luri c geologi c studies over the second 12-month peri od wi ll provi de a detai led geol ogic model to a depth of app roximately 15 kilometers (9 mi les). An approximately 15 by 15 kilometer region (9 by 9 mi les) wi ll be identified as the opti mum area for second phase studies. Preparation of the detai led model of the !BUD site wi ll necessari ly invol ve cl ose coordination and integration of data. The resultant , detai led model should permit prediction of the geol ogy to be encountered by ultradeep drilling anywhere within the 15 by 15 ki lometer (9 by 9 mi les) survey area.
Organization Plan
To achieve the goals of the site defi nition phase of the !BUD project in a timely and cost-effective manner requi res an organizati on with bui lt-in checks and bal ances and efficient communication both among the various investigative teams and between these teams and the !BUD management . A five man Site Definition Steeri ng Committee wi ll provide liason between the !BUD management, !BUD scientific advisory committee , and the investigati ve teams . The Site Definition Steeri ng Commi ttee wi ll be responsibl e for the result of the scientific phase of the !BUD proj ect . The committee wi ll ensure that the teams integrate the interp retations of other !BUD Workshop Working Groups into thei r interp retati ons and, with the aid of an external Site Definition Advi sory Committee, wi ll monitor al l elements of the studies from planning to interpretation.
The acquisition and interp retation wi ll be ca rri ed out by crustal seismi c, seismi c refl ection gravity, magneti c, magnetotel luric, and geol ogy teams under a chai rman The teams wi ll prepare reports in a timely manner for publ i cation in journals as well as for presentati on to a Site Selection Panel . A workshop wi ll be held by the Site Sel ection Panel , which wi ll incl ude the Site Defi nition Committee . The Panel wi ll be responsible for recommending a drilling site to the !BUD management. Fol lowing peer review by the !BUD Scientific Advisory Committee as wel l as the land acquisition and technical eval uations, the !BUD management wi ll recommend the !BUD site and possible alternative sites to the DOSECC-Scientific Advisory Committee. 13
The IBUD site definition administration and management are discussed below under Administrative Structure and Management Plan.
OVERVIEW OF SCIENCE PLAN
The key objective or experiment of the IBUD is to test the hypothesis that the Illinois Basin is genetically related to the underlying rift system, thus providing constraints on the theories of origin of intracratonic basins.
The Illinois Basin is an intracratonic basin associated with a complex, reactivated Cambrian and, possibly, older rift zone. Through most of 350 million years of subsidence, the depocenter of the Illinois Basin was situated near or above the intersection of the Reelfoot Rift, the Rough Creek Graben and the postulated southern Indiana and St. Louis arms of the New Madrid Rift Complex (fig. 2). To the best of our knowledge, nowhere else in the United States can an ultradeep drillhole penetrate a spatially and temporally continuous column of stratified rocks and fluids from an overlying sag basin to and through an underlying rift basin. Braile et al. (1986) have presented a model for the interaction between the North American craton and adjacent plates and the resulting effect on the geologic activity of the New Madrid Rift Complex since late Precambrian time (fig. 3).
Information concerning crustal structure of the midcontinent region, obtained primarily from regional geophysical studies, has confirmed the existence and reactivation of the ancient rift system and suggests the manner in which future geological and geophysical studies should proceed in order to understand intracratonic basin-forming processes. The geophysical data to be acquired downhole and physical measurements on core will facilitate recalibration and reinterpretation of the body of midcontinent data acquired to date, thus improving and extending existing interpretations.
The focus of the IBUD scientific experiment is to study the 3000 meters (10,000 feet) of largely unsampled Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks in the rift basin below the sag basin in order to obtain a more complete thermal and subsidence history of the Illinois Basin. The thermal history will be addressed by independent, complementary methods including fission track and radiometric dating, maturation temperatures of organic matter, clay and other mineralogic phase chages, and fluid inclusion temperatures from sedimentary and basement rocks. A detailed and complete subsidence history will be available for the first time from a sag-rift transition. The IBUD drilled to a depth of roughly 9 kilometers (30,000 feet) will provide the maximum amount of data available to investigate the origin of the rift-related intracratonic basin anrl widely synchronous reactivation. 82° ° ° 86 94° 90
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° 42
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( ;---- ° 34 PP I MISSISSI I · • • 4° • GEORGIA 3 ARKANSAS ' l -- --. (._··· ... · · ·. I ( .. I ----� .=... - -..,�, . /_...... --- ··· -···. ·· . I - t °'\\\ ."•. I: &, - �-...... 82° 86° ° 94° 90 (modified from Braile et and midcontinent tectonic setting Figure New Madrid Rift Complex al., 1984).2. A
LATE PRECAMBRIA N - INCIPIENT\RIFITING, FORMATION OF TRIPLE JUNCTIONS
Figure Schematic diagrams illustrating the plate reconstruction of the North American craton and interactions3. with adjacent plates and geologic activity of the New Madrid Rift Complex (after Braile et al., 1984). 16
In addition to this primary objective, an ultradeep hole in the Hub area will have related scientific objectives:
- Drill through the rift-bounding fault within the pre-Phanerozoic basement, thus increasing the possibility of intersecting contrasting basement rocks.
Locate potential field and possibly, seismic anomalies that will define a drillable basement pluton, in order to provide additional age constraints on rifting and reactivation.
- Intersect deep intrabasement seismic reflectors, if reflectors similar to those observed north of the Shawneetown Fault exist south of the fault.
- Determine the presence or absence and thickness, if present, of the 1420 to 1500 Ma anorogenic felsic terrane and the presence or absence of the underlying Central Plains Province or older 1700 to 1900 Ma crust as inferred by Nd-Sm signatures.
- Determine the physical state of the upper crust at a depth approaching the level of some regional earthquake foci near the transition or dogleg from the northeast trending Reelfoot Rift and the east-trending Rough Creek Graben in a region that experiences some 200 earthquakes per year.
- Determine the nature and alteration of the sedimentary rocks in the deeper part of the Illinois Basin as juxtaposed to equivalent basin margin sedimentary rocks and a complete sedimentary and diagenetic
history of a sag-rift sequence in an intracratonic basin. The objective is to utilize complete carbonate and elastic depositional and diagenetic histories to identify paleoclimatic, paleogeographic and paleoenvironmental events for correlation with global intracratonic and pelagic events includng periodicity of anoxic events, global sedimentary cycles, and sea-level fluctuations.
- Construct a continuous, shallow crustal fluid profile to compare with the largely fragmentary data from fluids arriving at basin margins and from water and deeper oil wells; and determine the age and composition of waters in the rift and basement environment, the rock-water inter actions that alter deep fluid compositions, and the source of Illinois Basin brines � ultrafiltration or dissolution of evaporites. Deep fluids play a major role in the chemical and isotopic evolution of shallower sediment-hosted waters and also provide constraints on understanding the evolution of the Illinois sag and rift basin.
THE STUDY AREA
Justification of the Hub Site
Immediately preceding the !BUD Workshop in April 1986 , the Geophysics Committee met to review the status of geophysical studies of the New Madrid Rift Complex and the Illinois Basin including crustal geology interpretations derived from these studies and related geologic information. The committee 17
had access to published and on-going research by federal and state agencies and university researchers, and also to proprietary seismic reflection profiling by three independent organizations. Examples of the geologic structure of the Rough Creek Graben as indicated by seismic reflection profiling is illustrated in fig. 4; no geographic location is specified to preserve the confidentiality of these data. After reviewing the available data, the committee selected four general areas for drilling into the New Madrid Rift Complex and prioritized these sites. The sites as shown in fig. 1 are in order of priority the Huh, the Wabash Valley, the Rough Creek Graben, and Reelfoot Rift areas. These sites were presented to all working groups at the workshop. All committees supported the Huh site as the highest priority drilling region.
The Hub site was selected because it is the coincident position of the intersection of the four postulated arms of the New Madrid Rift Complex and the apparent depocenter of the Illinois Basin (fig. 2) . The thickest section of Paleozoic rocks in the Illinois Basin is probably located within the Hub site. Proprietary seismic reflection data and puhlished gravity (figs. 5 and 6) anrl magnetic (figs. 7 and 8) anomaly data near the intersection of the Rough Creek Graben and the Reelfoot Rift indicate a total thickness of stratified rocks in excess of 7 kilometers (23 ,000 feet). The lower 3000 meters (10,000 feet) or more of the graben-fill have not been sampled. A knowledge of these rocks and the nature of the structure in this region are required for the study and understanding of the rifting process and its relationship to the formation of the Illinois Basin.
Additional factors recommend a high priority be placed on the Huh site as the IBUD drill site. The proposed location is a major geophysical lineament prominent in the magnetic anomaly data (figs. 7 and 8). It extends for hundreds of kilometers (Hildenbrand et al., 1980 ; Ravat, 1984 ) from eastern Tennessee to southern Illinois and is called the Tennessee-Illinois-Kentucky lineament. As a large positive magnetic anomaly trending northwest-southeast across Illinois, the lineament has exceedingly steep gradients on its southwestern flank. The intrahasement geologic source of this anomaly may be attainable hy the IBUD within the crystalline basement. A localized magnetic high on the lineament (fig. 7) represents a marginal mafic intrusive similar to those that have been used to outline the New Madrid Rift Complex (Hildenbrand et al., 1977; Braile et al., 1982). Drilling the IRUD to a depth of the source of this magnetic anomaly would provide valuable samples for determining the nature and age of the intrusive and of rifting. The possibility of drilling an intrusive emplaced within the rift margin and the rift-hounding structure within basement in the same hole is a goal that will be evaluated.
A large portion of the relatively aseismic Fluorspar Area Faulted Complex (fig. 9) of southeastern Illinois and western Kentucky lies �ithin the Hub area. The aseismicity of the Fluorspar Area Faulted Complex is interesting because this area separates the seismically active New Madrid Seismic Zone from the less active Wabash Valley Fault System area.
Alternate Drilling Sites
The three other areas considered for the site of the IBUD (fig. 1) are in order of priority: the Wabash Valley, the Rough Creek Graben, and the Reelfoot Rift areas. The Wabash Valley area is particularly interesting """"'", .• V"AV , ..._, ,
Figure 4 Seismic reflection profile across Rough Creek Graben. 85° 870 860 � 390 �
35° 9/0 ° 86°" 90 89° 88° 87° · Figure Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the centrafmidcontinent-region, North America (modified from Keller et aL, 1980). 5. g1o goo o ag aa0 a1° 40°'-t---��-r-1�--� ,...,. ��--,..+.,....""""'"' ° .....,...._,...,...-- ...... ��+40
37
36°'.,..------w..i+--'-"-"""'-��-'-�-- ...... ,.36° g ° ...... i...i. .... 2 g I 0 o ;;;_��...-..... go ago aao a7° Figure Band-passed Bouguer gravity anomaly map of regio 6. the central midcontinent n, North America (modified from McGinnis, 1984). 92° 91 ° 88° 86° 39° + +
38° + +
o 20 40 60 mi I � 20 40 60 80 km I
37° +
36° +
35° + 920 910 900 890 880 870 86° Figure Aeromagnetic map of central midcontinent region, North America (modified from Johnson et al., 1980). 7. 92° 91° 90° 89° 88° 87° �------+---����40° ,....,"""""__ � ...,______,...... ,.._.�..,..,.....
37
0-+- �36° 36 __ ...... ____ � ....;;;;;;...__ ""'� l--�l.....----�.J-�--...i.....---'----..... ° 92° 91 0 900 990 88° 87 nT ���l�Jllii ;.goo ���lliu:��� Figure Upward continued, reduced-to-pole composite magnetic anomaly map of the central8. midcontinent region, North America (modified from Ravat, 1984). o 30 60 mi f------',.- .... ----'; O 50 100 km
anticline syncline monocline fault; ticks on downthrown side crypto-explosive or impact structure
Figure Structural features of the Illinois Basin and adjacent areas. (Nelson, 1986)'. 9. 24
because it would sample the pre-Mt . Si mon coherent reflecting events mapped by Sexton et al. (1986} and interpreted as graben-fill stratified rocks within the Southern Indiana arm of the New Madrid Ri ft Complex . To this date there is no di rect information on the nature of the pre-Mt . Simon sedimentary rocks in thi s regi on except for a drillhole in Lawrence County, Indi ana, that encou ntered basalt and red elastic sedimentary rocks (Kersting, 1982) , which are simi lar to rocks occurri ng in the Keweenawan Midcontinent Ri ft System of northern Michi gan, Wi sconsin and Mi nnesota. An ultradeep dri llhole in the Wabash Valley could determi ne the cause of the remarkably coherent basement reflections that appear on regional propri etary seismic profiles in the area. These reflectors di p to the north frol"l southern Illi nois and continue to depths in excess of 4 seconds of two-way travel time.
The eastern Rough Creek Graben site li es south of the Rough Creek Fault System within the grahen east of the Hub area in west-central Kentucky . The principal objective of this hole would be to provi de a continuous rock core for scientific study obtained in portion of the graben which has less structural complexity than present in the Hub area.
The Reelfoot Ri ft area near New Madrid, Mi ssouri , is centered on the relati vely short northwest-southeast segment of the New Madrid Seismic Zone and is characteri zed by high seismicity. The seismicity of this zone is not associated with right-lateral focal mechanisms as commonly observed in the New Madrid area, but rather with sli ppage on high-angle reverse faults . The major, northeast-trending part of the zone involves right-lateral wrench faulting. St ress measurements in this hole would be particularly interesting. The hole could also sample the Bloomfield pluton , one of the major ma rgi nal intrusives of the ri ft complex (Hildenbrand et al. , 1977) and answer the major question of the geologic hi story of the New Madrid Ri ft Complex , i.e. the age and origin of ri ft-margin plutons.
Regi onal Basement Geology
The main deep structure at and near the basement surface in the Illi noi s Basin is the New Madrid Rift Complex (fig. 2) . The ri ft complex is outli ned by broad gravity and magnetic anomali es on whi ch are superimposed a seri es of high-amplitude, ci rcular gravity and magnet ic hi ghs that form a li near array (Braile et al. , 1982) . The ri ft complex has been the site of complex faulting, deposition, erosion, mafic igneous intrusion, and minerali zation du ring the Phanerozoic. Regional geophysical maps (Hildenbrand et al. , 1977) ; Johnson et al., 1980 ; Keller et al. , 1980) and sparse deep drilli ng suggest that mafic igneous rocks are neither wi despread nor voluminous in the ri ft complex , but that the site is instead filled mainly wi th ri ft-related sedimentary rocks.
Seventeen deep wells have been drilled into the rift complex (fig. 10) . Of these, ten have penet rated Mt . Simon (Upper Cambrian) or pre-Mt . Simon feldspathic sedimentary rocks and two have encountered ophitic basalts of uncertain age (table II). It is apparent from this distribution that these basalts , the pre-Mt . Simon sedimentary rocks, and possibly the Mt . Simon sedimentary rocks are preserved in thi s ancient ri ft complex and help deli neate it.
The ri ft complex developed on an older Precamb ri an basement that is part of an extensive anorogenic felsic igneous province, occupyi ng most of the 25
central craton of the United States south of the Canadian Shi eld. This province, generally referred to as the granite-rhyol ite terrane, consists of anorogenic epizonal granites and rhyol i tes which formed 1,340 to 1,400 Ma and 1,480 Ma ( Bi ckford et al ., 1986) . Rocks of this terrane are exposed in the nearby St . Francoi s Mountai ns and occur in the subsurface of the Illinoi s Basin. Figure 10 shows that 11 drill hol es penetrated granite or rhyolite of thi s terrane north of the ri ft complex in Il linois and one penet rated rhyol ite south of the complex in Tennessee ( Hole 21) . Other basement rocks that are not part of the granite-rhyol ite terrane are al so probably present in the basement beneath the Illinoi s Basin. An example is the granite gnei ss recently drilled along the Pascola Arch in Mi ssissippi County, Arkansas, Hole 24 ( fi g. 10 and table II) . This gneiss is of unknown age and is di stinctly di fferent from the anorogeni c granites ( Deni son, 1984) . It may be part of an ol der orogenic suite. Similar rocks occur in northern Mi ssouri , Kansas, Nebraska, and Col orado, and are part of the east-t rendi ng Central Pl ai ns Orogen ( Sims and Peterman, 1986) . Thi s 1,600- to 1,800-Ma orogen apparent ly tru ncates the ol der northwest-trendi ng Trans-Hudson Orogen in northern Nebraska or southe rn South Dakota ( Bickford et al ., 1986 ) . Recent analysis of regi onal magnet ic and gravity anomaly and derivat i ve maps ( e.g. Lidiak et al ., 1985) , indicate that northwest- and west northwest-t rending anomal ies extend from the Dakotas and Nebraska south eastward through the Illinoi s Basi n. These broad anomal ies are apparently unrel ated to the granite-rhyol ite terrane. and may reflect the extension of the ol d orogens into southern and east-central United States. If this is correct , they represent the basement on whi ch the granite-rhy ol ite terrane formed . The Nd-Sm signature of the anorogenic granites and rhyo lites is consistent with thi s interp retat ion, indicating thei r deri vation from 1,700 to 1,900 Ma crustal rocks ( Nel son and DePaolo, 1985) .
Recent sei smi c refl ection data from Sexton , et al . ( 1986) and unpubl i shed data from United Seismic Data Brokers, Inc., show strong sub-hori zontal reflections withi n the basement complex north of the Rough Creek Fault Zone and the Hub site. The refl ectors dip toward the north and are underlain by sei smi cal ly mo re transparent material . The presence of granites and rhyol ites in the nearby basement of this regi on ( fi g. 10) suggests that the seismi c reflections represent layeri ng withi n the anorogeni c basement complex. Furthermore , this layered sequence probably represents a veneer of epi zonal rocks overlying an ol der Precambri an basement complex. In summa ry , the basement geology of the southe rn Illinois Basin consists of an ancient ri ft compl ex devel oped at and near the basement surface, wh ich may have devel oped on a layered sequence of anorogenic granites and rhyol ites, and whi ch, in turn, may overl ie an ol der Precambri an basement complex.
Regional Geol ogy of the Ill inois Basin
The Illinoi s Basin is a roughl y el lipti cal sedimentary basin of Pal eozoi c age ( fi g. 11) . It cove rs the southern three-fourths of Illinois, southwestern Indi ana, and part of western Kentucky . It is bordered by broad arches and domes on the north, east, and west ( fi g. 9 ) . The southern limit is defi ned by the tru ncated Pascola Arch, which is bu ri ed beneath Cretaceous and Cenozoi c sedimentary rocks of the Mi ssi ssippi Embayment .
The Illinoi s Basin was divided into two unequal sub-basins by post Pennsyl vani an faulting al ong the Rough Creek Fault Sy stem. The broad ' . · ·-- · r· I . \ _,·J I · -- ' -·- - ' f � I "\ r 1 - ' • , , I• . · I · I )- - -f ·- · . - - I I I -- • · - - I ' - .__ ' • · L._• I I• - - j ·-· �I -,----...:.· -·- , 4 . 4 --- 1 · . • • . I • - • • I ' I I . . · ' _ ' - I .-··\'0 :-- .:... ___ ...;, _r-·-·t I 1 I : i '-r -� j I1 JL ..'�' ! j · j \ ·-· -·, . - .; . ...- ... --..----·ILLIN?IS _ _ . L.�---�----· _ ___. 4 1 r-· X- J 1 . I - I j... .-- · ·-; .J : j __ ,/ � ( - - ' 2 ___ -�...J . I I \ - .{ ·----V,. .I 6 ' ! ,i j \ ! ·- ; • . · -xi-f • 1 I ' 7 �-· ·-,._ · · INDl�N-A ·I • - 3 [\ . .-·-·-· · ... · I • - , ,,,.,... .1 "'·- ..1 · � --- -:y'5 ..... 8 r-·.-,' ·-Q'/I J i � ' • I •. • -· 1 i ; •..,.-- I Ir- ----�I '1-' .,\. . ' � -- -· / . I r ' '· - - ! ' --> i 10 '· ' i �, 1 1 / i . · ·-·-·-· -- - - · - . - ,- ' g. i i. i l 1 I :i---� - · i - • -� II · ' fw " 'l t ·I l . '\ , '- �-..L--·-·I - --·J I - . � . ) .-·-. � ' � -- .t, :- --�\f'1 I " · ;...._.i .J"' � · '- ' ,.· -�- • "}- .-;�-- · j · · · • ' ! i--- j·-'--· �·-· �,,. I r.:. ·,, .!'·-'\' · · v-i. t'"'l ··· ' - "' '11 ! . .,- - .. '>'· , ../' I · 1'/ :, "" ... _ ' . . \' , ' CD . i\7: "' ·/ r .. \ · - ... · ·- I -. ... · ·- - - __ I' • ;,...... �'" --�- .- - -·-f- --� - - -� l. .\ - · . - - .... j; r ! I j '\ /�·-.('·...... _ .:::\ �' , \ · · 5 . . ' g · . --- . i ' ! .. 0 ·' 12 i ' . kb '( ' �· \ . } '·-· r----1- ! f!O .,._J .0--�. 1, \ -1:;'. }./'�"". ....-\.·,��---:"· '·, ' '· I :"·-\ ( - � . l.,,.r· . ·-. J . ,·(])�KE TUCKY MISso:URI \ ' .. _ �N �-"',\. · �- •. ' .... / , 1·"' - ..... -- , ., ·- - )j?' I � ') I ' .. · :<: � :. ! r-.· -.,. ' · - --- • ·..: ·- - - .r • ,I�� ..... "- m . ..\.i CD �--- I � I · · . · I · 1_i../ 1----r---· \ .. ..· ; . �· : ·\ 11 ' ·-· � . � . . "" I /, I ·\ . 0 ·�' (_ •· . -- .,- " · ,; i .' ·\ r-- -i • i ' \ I • CD � I�-· ---\ -- i ' •- -•-s ...... I · /1 ' I ' _... f I · ' _ _ I ( . I - .. .,._ ·---'-- - '"' ·..._ · --i - � • ! \ � I -C,,,. y· .:!.J. . j . . � - 't j .. 1.. �,i ·-·,.''' JV':0120 ---�A�-· ,.---..t' \ ,...... , .{ /\. - 5 1 I 22 - - 0 19 ; ·.�--- \;-·-·' ·;·�·J '. .r."·n).1., 9 - \ ! .-·- ' "' f \ ------']' " : � �-'"---·-r -·\ .�"I ·-·;• / j I · I . • ' I � 'e21·"' - -� !. · " .fr-I �-{ . ! 623. j- .,f.----. -' ·-. -/- � I I . 1·---- ·· . .___ . • \ I ' I • �, .r, . -- t' • ..._. I . __ :,r· .s.·) 11 ARK ANSAS -'°'/('". _ _ l.,L j ! 2 - -- . ------. '' ' - " � .., - (.� i ... j , ! i 4 -. .i - ...... �/---, ' . ,,. . , . __ -. • · �. . I ' , _ ' ",.. -� '•' • , t.._ TENNEss'ee j ;
I '- • _. ! ' I1' /1 ' ' 'r J J - , · '- · - . . . ¥-�· 1 I '\.l: - ., I " ... •4._ ,-·--,,.,,,,,, •-" '- ,:- ·- .:.: \ 1 _ � ·-· · .:t• ....· ...... i --· - ... -r -I ---'f --·"'r, . A · \/ i..°"_,. � .. ')"'" • Precambrian Crystalline Rock ...... Rift Complex Figure Index map showing deep drillholes in the central midcontinent region, North America. 10. (Lidiak, in preparation). � Cretaceous-Quaternary-Tertiary [ffldDevonian-Silurian ml Cambrian l:'.:'.:'.:'.:'.IPennsylvanian !Bil'Ordovician - Precambrian []illMississippian Figure Bedrock geology of Illinois Basin and adjacent areas. 11. 28 Fai rfield Basin, lies north of the fault system primari ly withi n Illinoi s. The narrow, deep Moorman Syncl ine occurs south of the fault system and coi ncides wi th the ancient Rough Creek Graben. The Reel foot and Rough Creek Grabens were formed by tensional movements near the end of Precambri an time. Both the northeast-trending Reel foot Ri ft and the east-trending Rough Creek Graben are bordered by normal faults with throws of up to several thousand meters. These faults are wel l illustrated on proprietary and non-propri etary seismi c refl ection profi les (Howe and Thompson , 1984 ; Nel son and Lumm , 1984). The stratigraphy interp reted on the north-south seismi c line (fig. 4) is typical of the Moorman Trough. As indi cated by several wel l -defined refl ectors , the stratigraphic intervals down to the base of the Knox Megagroup are rather uniform in thi ckness. Disconti n uous sei smic reflectors on the northeastern part of the line represent the Rough Creek Fault Sy stem. The interp retat ion of pre-Knox st ratigraphy shows an asymmet ri c graben whose floor is ti lted to the north and with a hi nge zone to the south. The seismic data suggest that the graben has about 7 kilometers (23,000 feet ) of sedimentary fi ll representing up to 3 kil ometers (10,000 feet) of layered rocks beneath the Illinois Basin succession that has been drilled to date. These st rata are bel i eved to be largely elastic sedimentary rocks, but may include layered vol canic and/or intrusive rocks. They repre sent the acti ve graben-fi lling stage; faults in the grabens were active whi le these rocks were bei ng deposi ted or emplaced . Younger Phanerozoic alkalic and ultramafic intrusive rocks are al so present in mi nor amounts Within the rift complex. These include al noites, lamprophyres, kimberl ites, mi ca peri odites, and carbonatites. They apparently were emplaced duri ng Ordovici an, Devonian, and Permian times (Zartman et al ., 1967; Bikerman et al ., 1982). The oldest sedimentary formation outside the grabens in the Illinoi s Basin is the upper Cambri an Mt. Simon Sandstone. The Mt . Simon was deposi ted during a major ma ri ne transgression and overl ies a Precambrian surface with 300 to 400 (900 to 1200 feet ) rel ief. Acti vity on the graben-bounding faults died out duri ng Mt . Simon time, but the Hub area continued to subside rapidly. The Eau Clai re/Bonneterre Formation, above the Mt . Simon, is a rel atively thi n, shal l ow-water carbonate unit outside of the grabens, but includes thi ck shales in the Hub area. The overlying Knox Megagroup (uppermost Cambri an and lower Ordovi cian) al so thi ckens markedly into the grabens, but is domi nantly a shal low marine deposit throughout its extent. The infl uence of the buried grabens gradual ly waned through mi ddle Ordovician time. The Illinois Basin lacked a wel l -defined depocenter in late Ordovician and Si lurian time. By early Devonian time the Hub area once again became the site of rel at ively rapid subsidence and thi ck sedimentation . The basin that developed was fi lled with Lower Devonian cherty carbonates , Middl e Devonian limestone , Upper Devonian black shale (New Al bany), lower Mississippian siltstone and siliceous limestone (Borden and Ft . Payne) , and finally middl e Mississippian carbonates (Ullin, Salem, St. Louis, and Ste. Genevi eve) . Chesteri an (late Mississippian) sedimentation took place on a nearly level coastal plain and shelf til ted gently toward the southwest. After a hi atus and devel opment of a basi n-wide unconformi ty , Pennsylvanian deposition resumed under simi lar conditions. Southern closure of the basin was effected some time after mi ddl e Pennsyl vanian time by upl ift of the Pascola arch. The crest of this arch, in southeasternmost Missou ri , was later eroded and bu ried under sediments of the Mississippi Embayment . 29 St ratigraphy and St ructure of the Hub Site The stratigraphic succession for the Hub area is presented in fi gure 12. This succession resembles . that for the Illinoi s Basin as a whole, except for the pre-Mt . Simon graben-fi ll sequence and the over-thickened uppe r Cambri an-l ower Ordovi cian strata. Maj or fault zones and other structural features of the Hub region are shown in fi gure 9. These structures are largely the product of post-Pennsyl vanian reactivation of faults dating from the graben-forming epi sode. The Rough Creek Fault Sy stem, a focus of the IBUD proj ect , follows the northern boundary of the Rough Creek Graben and Moorman Syncl ine. At Knox and higher level s the ma in fault is a reverse fault di pping steeply to the south (fig. 13). Strata north of the main fault are nearly horizontal ; on the south they are sharply arched and broken by many faults that apparently join the main fault at depth. Little net vertical di splacement exists across the fault zone, but slices of mu ch ol der rocks are found al ong the ma in fault. Some authors , such as Heyl (1972), sug�ested the Rough Creek is a wrench fault. Nel son and Lumm (1984) found no evidence for stri ke- sl ip mot ion and proposed two opposite episodes of dip-sl ip in post-Pennsyl vanian time. The ea rl ier movement was reverse, with the southern bl ock upthrown; the later movement was normal , with the southern block dropped back down. The Lusk Creek Fault Zone (fi g. 9) is interpreted to fol low the northwest side of the Reel foot Graben. It has the same structural styl e and inferred sequence of movements as the Rough Creek , but the ma gnitude of di splacement is less (Nel son, 1986). The Penny ri le Fault Zone (fi g. 9) approximately coi ncides with the southern border of the Rough Creek Graben. This zone, whi ch has been little studi ed , appears to consist ma inly of high-angle normal faults downthrown to the north. Di splacements, both near the surface and at depth, are less than along the Rough Creek Fault Sy stem. The Fl uorspar Area Fault Complex (fig. 9) , within the Hub area , consists of hi gh-angle faults, mainly normal , that trend northeast and carry mi nerali zed vei ns. Hicks Dome , a 11crypto-expl osive 11 feature, within the Fl uorspar District is characteri zed by numerous peridotite intrusions and breccia pipes . Arcu ate and ra di al faults surround the dome (Hook , 1984; Trace , 1974; Trace and Amos , 1984). The Wabash Val ley Fault Sy stem (fig. 9) , north of the Rough Creek and Fl uorspar Area faulting, is a zone of hi gh-angle normal faults that branch upward. It overl ies the inferred Southern Indi ana ri ft arm and possibly represents react ivation of faults associ ated wi th that ri ft (Sexton et al ., 1986). The Cottage Grove Fault System (fig. 9) trends westward from the northwest corner of the Hub across southern Illinoi s. It is structural ly compl ex and is interp reted as a ri ght-lateral st ri ke-sl ip system (Nel son and Krausse, 1981). PASCOLA ROUGH CREEK ILLINOIS GRABEN Iii ARCH WESTERN KY BASIN rn11111111111 111111 111nnnnn111 z SUB · I nn1111u ....___ w I a: I w �0 ShakOPH I � Oolum111 �.!w I ...J ¥0%a:g" a: w Q. Q. ::::> S1Pllrrihurq z w ...J z � Iii-' a: � Elv1ns Francon11 ...J w )( :::> Q. 11111111mn 0 Q. cc ::::> u a: z w Q. � Q. a: E1u Cl•ire CXI ::::> Brownspor t C :E z - z Figure Stratigraphic column of eastern midcontinent. 12. N Rough Creek- s front Shawneetown 1 . Pennyrile Ft fault Fault System M oorman S ync ine Fault Zone 0 1 M �000 5000 Omu _ _ _ 2000 _ _ die Upper Ordovician - -- 10,000 ...... - -��;�& �;��ill:���� 3 Knox Me a roup - . __ · - :-;-..-,-���������g �:g ����:-:-:--:-:-· -:--:--:-:-'."""'."":. · �:-':-'C:-:--:::-::-����. · . -�.�·.�·..�· . ·�·�. �7}��-;- ;- ;- ;- �-�- t ooo . � - . . : : : . : . ·: ' .. '. . : _: _:.: . _: . ._ . . . 4000 .- · : . · .·· .. : : .· : ·. '. ·. .. : .·· : : ·. ·. . ": ...... � _ . . . : - ..�: � : 15,000 � v. ·., � :.-: : < :'"':�� . . . ;.::- : ; : �' > . · '. •-,•<�>" v �� " . · · ·.·:::::: .. ..�; :: y < . -. .. : . Pre- no strata --:. . . . · . . . 5000 . - · < K x . \f ... _,L.,a i.. .J,<"\ 1 ...... • : . > , " """ v "'""... T"?(. < "'C'". : L.., > "' ... •.·-... .�, .. L"7 < a...., "7 .., .,.f" ... "' ...\ "''V,,_.:;. "'"7 & < > ... r" L .) "° V'.J, .l. ? "1 j.. ol\ ..a '('"'"" ..J"T L-.l. 20,000 , " r "' .,.A ""' 6000 -, , .,.., " > v,),L : &,."' ...ar v., ",,. "'..IL ..,., .., "'"' "".., .., "1 � V ... ., -, > >..,A ...... ,. <. L > V i,...1 '>/ L. .l.V < < V "7 A ,.'I'" <. "'""&,..J, L..,"' > L,J,""'I ".,. V,.. V.,.:;. :J. &.... A ..."1 ..a> "' < L"' ,,.., ,..:;.L > ...... >"' "'.,>L .,a1 v ,_ '1 < ....,."' ... " ,. .). � > > .i >L (' A >L., ., v &. ,,.. ).':. ... ,. ,. , .,.""..,"' >v>"'"'< ""'- "' 1.. .,'" .a"'L.".i ""., ... .,. ... > "" "' '-> .,,, r.,."'" "' > ., > 1 7000 > < >"""" < " .., .Ji.,".,. < :>..,.,"',.., 25,000 v"'"'""' "" Lvr ""'"' "" "' V.:;.\I' r .,,, .lo f'" "' .. ,.. .., ,."'< L ...... A " ..,L >"' : .(.'7' L..l A L '7<.A yr- L.f""fy< V >-1 LA ,.. '°. 11oVL.J.'°A..a,.. < "'"'"J .,.< "'1V "f ... ,) > :�L.f' ,,_ L > ... L .).-, .) 1 ... 7 /\ L .J.)>A .• crystalline basement .lo '" 71' "7 .l v.#\ '7'( " C. 7 'r'<' I\<. 10,000 "' �;):,.. < L ... L 35,000 AL :,,.'-.:-< > "7: ... .). .,. -<. -'( I\:� "'\"" : .). � "'...... 7 ..."'.' "PL > , .. <' ,.. V 7 '7 .1 "r .a LI'-V < 7 I'" <. "P V _.1 7 ? .a, £,. C.A ti.. 7 V .)"1 "''r' A £. "'7 > L'C'..J).., J\ ...a P' L "> 1 <' 'C":.., A : <'(� V '( > '- ... "" v &. '"., � L : : L "'C' > : : :. 1 v < ? ,.. ,.. 7 < V v > f'" V <. C..J..l ? � 'r' t.. T' .J"P ,.. "'\ 'r' I,.. .., > < V < <. > J\ 11,000 &. 7 ? : ,._<"&. "7 < L ,"'°7vL"1 ,._..,C" 1 " V L v ,.. "v "' .... "' " ;' .., � � '1"' �'I"' .l"L ..1:.., � : "' v v.;&. ., . '( ., > "' ., - , .c. ' ., v '" ... .,. ._ � "''.., >"' ".l r7" "" < "'" "' • < L •• &. ... .),, .... .l • L '(" • ... r v ...... , 40,000 I... >"""'0'( "'.lr, y .,, ' ., "' ,.. I • ft L ,. , 12,000 -50 miles (80 kilometers) Figure Hypothetical cross section of the Rough Creek Graben of western Kentucky. The thickness of pre-Knox sediment13ary. strata and the configuration of the basement and basement faults are largely unknown but would be defined by the proposed seismic studies. 32 RESEARCH PLAN Introduction The proposed site definition studies that wi ll defi ne the Hub area and the IBUD site form the core of this proposal . The research pl an is subdivided accordi ng to di scipl ine: magnetics, gravity , sei smi c refl ection and refraction, seismic stratig raphy and magnetotel luri cs. It should not be assumed , however, that the investigative teams are compartmental i zed by di scipl ine. The data of each discipl ine wi ll be acqui red independently, accordi ng to the most advanced procedures ; the data and interp retations wi ll be shared among all teams so that final interpretations wi ll be constrai ned by al l col l ateral information. Thi s sharing of results will be achieved both at the working level by personnel cooperating between the investigati ve teams and at the formal level , by meet ings organized by the Steeri ng Committee. Pri ncipal investigators, who wi ll serve as chai rman or co-chai rmen of the investigative teams , are responsibl e for the basic individual resea rch plans discussed bel ow. The deep (crustal) seismi c refraction and refl ection team wi ll be chai red by Dr. L.W. Braile, Purdue University. The regional and detailed sei smi c refl ection investigative team wi ll be chai red by Dr. J. L. Sexton , Southern Illinois Univers ity. The gravity investigative team will be chai red by Dr. Paul C. Hei gold, Illinoi s State Geol ogi cal Survey . Dr. Thomas Hi l denbrand of the U.S. Geol ogical Survey wi ll chai r the magnetic data team . Dr. Peter Vail, Ri ce Uni vers ity, wi ll chai r the sei smi c stratigraphy team. The magnetotel luric studies wi ll be under the di rection of Dr. W.D. Stanley, U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey. The geol ogic investigati ve team wi ll be co-chai red by Dr. E.G. Lidiak (basement geol ogy) of the University of Pittsbu rgh, and Mr. W.J. Nel son ( Pal eozoi c geol ogy) of the Illinoi s Stat e Geologi cal Survey. Members of the investigative teams are illust rated in Figu re 25. Geol ogic St udies Pal eozoic Geology Knowl edge of the Pal eozoi c geol ogy of the Hu b site is based on more than 140 years of comprehensi ve studies by geologists from universities, state and U. S. geologi cal surveys, and private companies. Si nce David Dale Owen 's pioneeri ng surveys of the 1840's, many thousands of reports have been publ i shed on geol ogy of the regi on. Among recent noteworthy efforts, the U.S. l and Kentucky Geol ogical Surveys mapped al l of Kentucky on 7 /2 -mi nute geologic quadrangl es du ri ng the last 20 years. Baxter et al . (1963) , Baxter and Desborough (1965), and Baxt er et al . (1967) mapped the Illinois porti on of the Fl uorspar Di strict. Nel son and Lumm (1986 a, b, and c) mapped the area to the north, includi ng the Shawneetown Fault Zone. Geol ogic mapping is in progress west of the Fl uorspar District under joi nt auspices of the U.S. and Illinois State Geol ogical Su rveys ' COGEOMAP Program. Vi rtual ly all of the Hub area has 1 been mapped geol ogi cal ly on 7 /2 -minute quadrangles within the last 20 years . Important reports incl ude Hook (1974), Trace (1974), and Trace and 33 Amos (1984) on the Fl uorspar District; Schwalb (1982) on overal l Paleozoic geol ogy of the region; Nel son and Lumm (1984) on structural geology of Southeastern Illinoi s and vi ci nity; and McKeown and Pakiser (1982) and Gori and Hays (1984) on vari ous aspects of regional geology and geophysics. Ten borehol es have reached Mt . Simon or older rocks within and adjacent to the Hub area (fig. 10). Sonic and density logs whi ch are requi red to model geophysical data are avai lable from fou r of these dri llhol es. Logs and samples from these hol es , and from 2,767 shall ower holes wi thin the Hub area, are on fi le at the Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky Geol ogi cal Surveys (Table I). Table I Available Sampl es from Hub Area at Il linoi s and Kentucky Geol ogi cal Su rveys Depth Cutti ng Core Chi p Total Hol es I II I II Intervals Interval s Interval s Sampled 0/500 10 10 500/1000 55 11 19 85 1000/2000 123 14 37 174 2000/3000 1172 1 223 1396 3000/4000 962 88 1050 4000/5000 32 4 36 5000/Deeper 14 1 15 2369 26 372 2767 Withi n the last year, more than 1,000 line-mi les of proprietary seismic refl ection profiles have been exami ned by staff members of the Ill inoi s State Geol ogi cal Su rvey and the IBUD Workshop. Al though these profiles are limited in thei r appl icability to siting of the IBUD, they do provide insight into the geometry of the graben-boundi ng faults. Al so viewed were lines providing extensive coverage of the Illinoi s Basin north and west of the proposed !BUD site. This large body of Pal eozoic geol ogical and geophysical data wi ll be utilized in stratigraphic and structural interpretation of geophysical data to be acqui red during IBUD site defi niti on efforts. Basement Geol ogy The 24 deep wel ls drilled to basement or pre-Mt . Simon Sandstone in the Illinoi s Basin (fig. 10) and adjacent area (Table II) provi de a useful base for studying the Precambri an geol ogy of the regi on. Prel iminary studi es have been conducted on the sampl es of these drilled hol es , but additional pet ro logic investi gattons and physical property measurements are requi red fo r site definition. The emphasis of Precambri an studies wi ll be on detai led study and evaluation of geol ogic and geophysical logs , lithologic and pet rographic study of basement samples, the immediately overlyi ng sedimentary rocks, and Phanerozoi c ultramafic igneous rocks. The proposed study wi ll also incl ude measurement of the principal physical properties (density, magnetic suscepti bi l ity, and natural remanent magnetization) of these rocks to aid in the interp retation of gravity and magnetic anomal ies. Physical property measurements wi ll be integrated wi th the geophysi cal data to obtai n a comprehensive site defi nition eval uation. 34 Table II. Li st of Deep Drillhol es to Base1111ent or Pre-Mt . Simon Sandstone in the Il linois Basin and Adjacent Areas inoi s Bott<>PI Hol e Rock Ty pes 111 1. Maryl and #S-1 Ki rcheis, Madison County. Mt . Simon on Granite 2. Mi ssissippi #S-2 Kl ein, Madi son Cou nty. Mt . Simon on Granite 3. Mississippi #S-5 Baer, Madison County. Eau Cl ai re on Granite 4. Humbl e #1 Weher-Horn , Fayette County . Mt . Simon on Rhyol ite 5. Mississippi #A-15 Theobald, Monroe County . Eau Cl ai re on Granite 6. Brekon #1 Hemmi nghaus , Cl i nton County . Eau Cl aire on Rhyol ite 7. Texaco #1 Johnson , Marion County . Mt . Simon on Granite 8. Union #1 Ci sne, Wayne County. Mt . Simon on Rhyol ite or Mi crogranite 9. Beeson #1 Porter, Perry County. Franconia on Rhyol ite 10. Brehm #1 Bochantin, Washi ngton County . Eau Cl ai re on Granite 11. Texaco #1 Cuppy, Hamil ton County. Eau Cl ai re on Granite 12. Texas Paci fic #1 Farl ey, Johnson County . Mt . Simon on pre-Mt . Simon 13. Texas Pacific #1 Streich, Pope County. Mt. Simon on pre-Mt . Simon (?) Indi ana 14. Farm Bureau #1 Brown Lawrence County . Arkose on Basal t Kentucky 15. Exxon #1 Bel l, Webster County . Arkose on Basalt of uncertain age 16. Texas #1 Shain, Grayson County. Rome Format ion Mi ssouri 17. Ma rr #1 Barnett, Stodda rd County . Lamotte Sandstone 18. Strake #1 Russel l, Pemiscot County . Lamotte (?) Sandstone Tennessee 19. Benz #1 Me rritt, Lake County . Lamotte or pre-Lamotte Sandstone 20. Henderson #1 Markham , Lake County . Lamotte or pre-Lamotte Sandstone 21. Bi g Chief #1 Tayl or. Gi bson County . Lamotte or Rhyol ite 22. Gul f #1 Spinks , Henry County . Lamotte (?) Sandstone 23. Du pont #2 Fee, Hu111phreys County. Lamotte on Arkose Arkansas 24. Dow #1 Wi lson , Mi ssissippi County. Arkose on Granite Gneiss SE ISMIC PROGRAM Int roduct ion Seismic refraction/wi de-angle refl ection and refl ection profi ling studies are proposed for site defi nition and crustal characterization of the IBUD. The principal objectives of the seismic studies are to (1) define the 35 structure of the crust to at least intermedi ate depths (approximately 20 kil ometers or 12 mi l es) and perhaps to the upper mantl e in the Hub area; and (2) uti lize sei smi c reflection profi ling to provide a detai led configuration of major sedimentary and basement units as well as faults near the Hub site for the purpose of optimi zing the dri llhol e site selection. A knowl edge of deep earth structure is a key element in any effort to site a deep dri llhol e and interpret results from such a hol e in a regi onal context . As the petrol eum industry has long recognized, seismic studi es are the major sou rce of such information. The proposed Hub site is withi n the deepest part of the Illinois Basin and is planned to penet rate a thi ck section of sedimenta� rocks that extst beneath the basal ea rly Paleozoic (Mt. Simon) sed imentary layer. These pre-Mt . Simon rocks are rel ated to a late� Precambrian ri ft event that subsequently control led the evol ution of the Il l inois Basin (Brai le et al ., 1986). Because of the rel ationship of the Illinois Basin to unde rlying ri ft and crustal anomal ies, it is extremely important to place the !BUD site and the Illinois Basin in a crustal structure and tectonic framework that incl udes the entire crust. The higher resol ution seismic studies provided by regional and detai led refl ect ion profi ling wi ll be used for mapping sedimentary sequences , the basement surface, and maj or faults to upper-crustal depths 10 ki lometers (6 mi les) in the Illinois Basin area. Thus, a variety of seismic studies is appropri ate to investigate the nature of the Hub site on both a local and regional scale and resol ve features at both shal low and deep crustal depths . Seismic studies in and around the Hub site consist of four basic elements conducted in two phases of resea rch. Duri ng the fi rst phase, deep crustal refraction and wide-angl e reflection profi les (NE-SW and E-W) will be recorded along two intersecting 200 kil ometer (125 mi le) lines crossing the Hub site. A 50 kil ometer (30 mi le) deep refl ection profi le, desi gned to record refl ecti on data from at least as deep as Mohorovi cic Discontinuity, wi ll be run along the central portion of the NE-SW deep crustal refraction and wi de angle refl ection profi le. Approximately 250 mi les of regional reflection profi les wi ll also be ru n in and around the Hub site. Data assoc i ated with these profi les wi ll be processed to at least 8 seconds. Based on the results of this fi rst phase of sei smi c studies , an approximately 15 by 15 kilometer (9 by 9 mi le) area wi ll be selected for fu rther detailed refl ecti on profi ling. Du ring the second phase of the refl ection studies, 50 kil ometers (30 mi les) of detailed refl ection profi ling wi ll be run for the purpose of defi ni ng the exact location of the drill site and del ineating the subsu rface confi guration of major sedimentary units, faults, and the basement surface in the area immediately adjacent to the drillhol e. These detai led reflection data, also recorded to 8 seconds, wi ll not only provide the critical information necessary for site selection, but wi ll also be useful after the completion of the drillhol e to extend the geol ogic information obtai ned from the hole away from the drill site. The data acquisition, processing and interp retation of the seismi c studies of the Hub area wi ll be a team effort . The team consists of Drs. L. W. Brai le (Purdue Uni ve rs ity), J. L. Sexton (Southern Il linoi s Uni versity), G. R. Kel ler (University of Texas at El Paso) , and Peter R. Vai l (Rice University). The four investigators wi ll be invol ved on the enti re sei smic research program. Dr. Sexton wi ll have primary responsibility for the acquisition, processing, and intrepretation of the regi onal reflection and detailed reflection studies . Dr. Brai le wi ll have the primary responsibility for the deep (crustal ) refraction/wide-angl e refl ection and deep sei smic reflection profi ling experiments. An integrated interp retation of al l of the 36 sei smi c data wi ll be performed by the three investigators. Dr. Vai l wi ll have primary responsibility for seismic stratigraphy . This research team has extensive experi ence in crustal sei smi c studi es and refl ection processing and interpretation; each of the investigators , with the exception of Dr. Vail , have been invol ved in on-goi ng seismo-tectonic studi es of the New Madrid Rift Complex and Ill inois Basin areas for the past ten years. Regional St ructure and Tectonics of the Illinoi s Basin The structure and geol ogic evol uti on of the Illinois Basin is intimately related to the tectonic devel opment of the upper Mississippi Embayment and the underlying New Madrid Rift Complex (fig. 14 and 15). The tectonic evolution of this feature has recently been revi ewed by Braile et al . (1986). In the past decade, many geol ogi cal and geophysical studies of the New Madrid area have been performed in order to better understand the earthquake hazard in the area. Integrati on and interp retation of these data have led to improved understandi ng of the nature and geol ogi c history of the subsurface structure and its rel ation to seismi city of the area. Ervin and McGinnis (1975} used existing geological and geophysical data to interp ret the evol uti on of the Mississippi Embayment as late Precambri an or early Cambri an ri ft that they called Reelfoot Ri ft . The Reel foot Rift hypo thesis, along with the historical earthquake activity (Nuttl i, 1973, 1979, 1982) and the recent monitoring of mi croea rthquake acti vity (Staunder et al ., 1977, 1982), provided further research aimed at understandi ng the detai ls of the ri ft model and its re lation to the sei smi c hazard . Hil denbrand et al . (1977, 1982) and Kane et al. (1981) uti lized gravity and magnetic data to better del i neate the boundari es of the bu ried ri ft and to infer a thick sec tion of sedimentary rocks fi lling the graben associated with the rift. The New Madri d Seismi c Zone is located near the center of the ri ft . Brai le et al . (1982a and b} uti lized local gravity and magnetic maps to suggest extensions of Reel foot Ri ft to the northwest and to the northeast (fig. 14) . Soderberg and Kel ler (1981) descri bed the subsurface structure of the Rough Creek Graben (fig. 2) in western Kentucky adjacent to the northern end of Reel foot Rift. An integrated interpretation of these studies (Brai le et al ., 1982b} indicates that a fai led ri ft system , termed the 11New Madri d Rift Complex,11 exi sts be neath the upper Mississippi Embayment (fig. 15). Regional gravity data of Cordel l (1977) show a clear co rrelation with the ri ft complex as to earthquake and mi croearthquake acti vity (figs. 14 and 16) . Earthquake focal mechanism studies (Herrmann and Canas, 1978) of the New madri d Seismi c Zone support ri ght-l ate ral strike-sl ip faulting along the zone of mi croearthquake activity, which trends northeasterly and is located southwest of the town of New Madrid, Missou ri (fig. 14) . Of the several model s proposed to explain intraplate earthquake activity · in the North American midcontinent, two have emerged (Hi nze et al ., 1980, 1984) , that appear to be mo re successfu l in combi ning exi sti ng geological and geophysical data to expl ain the seismic acti vity: the 11 zone of weakness11 model (Sbar and Sykes , 1973; Sykes , 1978) , and the 11local basement inhomo geneity11 model (Long, 1976; Kane, 1977; McKeown , 1978}. The 11zone of weakness11 model states that contempora ry earthquake activity results from react ivati on of ancient zones of weakness within the crystal line crust. Reactivation is assumed to be caused by application of the contemporary regional stress field to the weak zones of faults ori ented rel ative to the stress fleld in such a way that the stress causes mot ion on these ancient faults or zones of weakness. Use of this model to explain the I 0 0 0 INDIANAPO.i�S NEW :1 OHIO o. MA DRID ! 0 INDI ANA ILLINOIS o d 0 - .... 0 . . b 0 .(:,: ::::::::. .<) . '.\ S. COMPLEX)0 . ANA, RIFT · INDI · · · · · · · t' ,. · · · 1.....- ARM, ';, (k\... 9° 39° 3 0 + l. ;-< 11>,\0 ,__ �-" ...(" 0 J ��� /��o " 8° 38° '° 3 ° 37° 37 36° 35• Figure Index map of New Madrid Rift Complex (shaded region) as defined by Braile et al. (1982) and proposed14 .IBUD location. Small circles are epicenters of earthquakes that occurred from 1811 to 1975. The heavy contour lines show the relative positive regional Bouguer gravity anomaly (Cordell, 1977) associated with high density rocks that lie at intermediate depths within the crust and extend northeastward along the upper Mississippi Embayment. MICHIGAN RIVER SYSTEM N (PRE-GLA CIA L) I Y _ --K E N T U C K �-A;.;,.;.;.;.;.J _,,..� ______--J � ·�,:.;.,o<-;-� REGIONAL COMPRESSIVE STRESS Figure Schematic block diagram illustrating the structure of the crystalline crust and Phanerozoic sedimentary15. basins beneath the New Madrid Rift Complex in the upper Mississippi Embayment and Illinois Basin areas (from Braile et al., 1986). The locations of the Reelfoot and Illinois Basins are shown by 2- and 4-km sedimentary layer thickness contours. CORRELATION OF RIFT COMPLEX AND SEISMICITY ILLINOIS INDIANA 39° + MISSOURI 37° 35° 92° 90° 88° 86° CONTOURS OF NUMBER OF - - 8 EARTHQUAKES MM PER km2 AREA( 18 00(AFTER- 1972, HADLEY �m) AND 10DEVI4 NE, 1974 ) - - INFERRED BOUNDARY OF RIFT COMPLE X Scale I I II I I km 0 100 200 Figure Contour map of earthquake seismicity (in number of earth quakes 16with. Modified Mercalli Intensity greater than or equal to Ill per 104 kilometer square area from 1890 to 1972) and outline of New Madrid Rift Complex. The correlation of the rift complex with historic seismicity suggests a causative relationship between the buried rift structures and earthquake activity. 40 New Madri d zone of seismi city has been suggested hy Zoback and Zo back (1981) , and by Brai le et al . (1982b and c) . The "local basement inhomogeneity" model states that sorne smal l zones of earthquake activity are associated with local inhomogeneities in the crust. Gravi ty and magnet ic anomal ies are associated with the crustal inhornogeneities (Hi nze et al ., 1984) . This model may represent the mechanisrn for a smal l percentage of intrapl ace earthquakes that appear not to be rel ated to major buri erl structures in the North Ame ri can mi,rlcontinent . Th ese model s, when fitted into a pl ate tectonic framework , can be userl to expl ain seisrni city of the New Madrid Ri ft Complex. Braile et al ., (1986) revi ewed tectonic evolution of the New Madrid Ri ft Compl ex; its rel ation to cratonic tectonics , pl ate margin interactions, and effects on the geol ogic hi story of this portion of the North American craton ; and its rel ation to sei smi city of the area . The New Madrirl Rift Complex, formed by pl ate tectonic interactions about 600 mi llion years ago, has infl uenced the geol ogic activity of the midcont i nent in response to pl ate inteactions at the margins of the No rth Ame ri can pl ate. Th rough peri ods of upl ift and subsidence, sedimentation, and drainage of major ri ver systems , this failed ri ft complex has control led, and infl uenced local i zation of ore deposits. Al so the pl ate motions are presently producing the compressive stresses , assurned to be reactivating the faults or zones of weakness in the New Madrid Sei smi c Zone, thus causing contemporary earthquake and mic roearthquake activity. Previous Sei smi c St udies of the Upper Mi ssissippi Emhayrnent and Illinois Basin The deep structure of the Mi ssissippi Embayment area has been the prime target of seismi c studies of deep crustal structure because of the present earthquake activity. The early refraction study of Mccamy and Meyer (1966) indi cated an anomal ous , high-vel ocity (Vp = 7.4 km/sec) layer in the lower crust. The presence of thi s layer has heen confi rmed by P-wave spectral data (Kurita, 1973) , travel -time data from local earthquakes (Mi tchel l and Hashirn, 1977), and the analysis of Rayl eigh wave dispersion data (Austin and Kel ler, 1982) . The recent and relatively extensive refraction study of Mooney et al . (1983) and Ginzburg et al . (1983) mapped the extent of the anomal ous layer (fig. 17) into southwestern Kentucky . Data on the structure of the upper portion of crust can be readi ly obtained using the sei smic reflection method . Studi es of the New Madrid Seismi c Zo ne have again been the major sou rce of publ icly avai labl e refl ecti�n data. In the Reel foot Ri ft area, non-propri etary, seismic refl ection studies incl ude two Vi brosei s surveys conducted by the U. S. Geol ogical Su rvey (Zoback et al ., 1980; Hami lton and Zoback, 1982) , a hi gh resol ution survey on the Mi ssissippi River also done by the USGS , and two high-resol ution land surveys MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT .J .. 30 CROSS GRAVITY MODEL " 30 ::11,,. 20 (THROUGH SPs 2 ... a 9) --OBSERVED 20 ----CALCULATED IO a:� 10 " 0 a:... 0 ::> -10 -10 '50 ------=-20-+------..�----.,...------'T------.------+- -20 o 100 200 300 400 500 SP2 SP5 SP9 SSE 0 2.75 10 I'= 20 20 r 2.8 ,_ a. 30 30 w 0 40 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 DISTA NCE, KM MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT ...J AXIAL GRAV ITY MODEL (THROUGH SP 1,3,5 ,6 ,and 7) 30 30 �:i: 20 ,: 20 ,_ "'== , 10 ------... 10 �a: ------� ' C> 0 0 J\ - ffi� C> GBSE"IVEC 5 -10 - ---CALC1..;._t..TE.:J -10 ID 20-+-----�------.------.------.-----+ 20 - 100 200 300 400 500- 0 SP6 SP5 SP3 SP l AXIAL PROFILE 2.2 i·O UD t -1- � IB 2.55 2.75 2 75 'C2 10 f' = 7:--=1 2.8 20 30 40 3.25. +------...------�----�-----� 50 200 3('0 400 50C DISTANCE , KM Figure Upper Mississippi Embayment crustal models across the Reelfoot Rift (upper17. diagram) and along the axis of the Reelfoot Rift (lower diagram). The crustal models were derived by travel-time and synthetic seismogram modeling of seismic refraction data and gravity modeling by Mooney et al. (1983) and Ginzburg et al. (1983). The thickened high density lower crustal material (shaded in the diagrams) appears to be a characteristic feature of the crust beneath the New Madrid Rift Complex, and according to the gravity modeling, it appears to extend northeasterly to the proposed IBUD site. 42 (Sext on et al ., 1982 ; Sexton and Jones , 1981 ; Jones and Sexton, 1982; Jones , 1982). In the Wabash Ri ve r Val ley of southwestern Indiana and southeastern Ill inois, a Vibroseis seismic refl ecti on profi ling experiment was conducted (Sexton et al ., 1986) near the ma rgi n of the Southern Indiana Arm of the rift compl ex (fig. 18) . This survey has provided clear rlirect evi dence for late Precambri an to early Pal eozoic faul ting associated with the ri ft complex. An example of these data from Sexton et al . (1986) for portions of two seismic refl ection sections centered onthe Wabash Ri ver at Grayville , Illinois, is shown in fi gures 19 and 20. The sei smic secti ons show good refl ections from · Pal eozoic strati graphic units and al low identification of the smal l offset to (10 to 50 meters ; 3 to 17 feet) Wabash Ri ver Val ley faul ts. In addition, the record sections provide evi dence for a thick section of pre-Mt . Simon layererl rocks existing within a fault-bounded graben beneath the Illinois Basin. A schematic cross section based on the seismi c refl ection data of Sexton et al . (1986) as wel l as gravity and magnet ic interp retations across the southern Incli ana arm of the New Madrid Ri ft Complex, is shown in figure 21. Two stages of normal fault activity are inrlicated by these data. Major graben-bounding faults formerl in late Precambri na to early Cambrian time and the grabens were filled with pre-Mt . Simon laye red rocks that are overl ain by a general ly conf ormab 1 e sequence of Pa 1 eozoi c sedimentary rocks , the uppe r boundary of which is a post-Pennsyl vanian unconfo rmity. The rel atively minor faulting of the Wabash Val ley Faul t Sy stem occurred later and was caused by reactivation of the ol der faults. Objectives of Crustal Seismi c St udies Near the Hu b Area The existi ng seismic data in the regions surrounding the Hub area can be put to good use, but a maj or sei smi c effort is cl early requi red in the vicinity of the proposed drillhole. Al though it is not known how extensively ri fti ng has altered the crust in the drillhol e area, the extent of crustal modification pl ays an important rol e in understanding such diverse phenomena as metal l ogeny and basin formation. The proposed drillhol e sites are clearly in a structural ly complex area. On a large scale, the relations between the Reel foot Rift, Rough Creek Graben , and Southern Indi ana Arm are a maj or qtiestion. On a smal ler scale, the intersections among the Rough Creek, Cottage Grove-Shawneetown , and Wabash Val 1 ey fault zones pose important questions. Sedimentary rocks may exceed 7 kilometers (4 mil es) total thickness in the Rough Creek Graben (fig. 4 Sodhe rg and Kel ler, 1981) ; extent of these very thick serli ments in another important question. A fully integrated, two-phase seismi c study is proposed to determi ne the deep structure in the Hub area. This study wi ll be a major component of the site selection process. The first phase of the study wi ll be regional in scope and would have both refraction (wide angles of incidenc�) and refl ection (near vertical incidence) components . The integrated nature of thi s study will be both cost effective and scienti fical ly innovative. It wi ll focus on an area of 100 by 100 kilometers (62 by 62 mi les) . A major consideration in the layout of this fi rst phase of the project is the desi rabi lity of tying to the studies of Sexton et al . (1986) and Mooney et al . (1983) . The data from the fi rst phase Of the study would be used to reduce the area of investigation to a 15 by 15 kilometer (9 by 9 mi le) area. Phase II of the sei smic study wi ll be aimed at detailed site selection and wi ll consist of 88 301 88°15' 88° +38°30' + + I DEEP WELL WA YNE COUNTY T. D. 354 Im (BELOW SEA LEVEL) : +38°15' LINE l HAMILTON COUNTY LINE 200� 400/ 600 800 +. ·� w ::::X'PART I '· + 3 PART 2 TEXACOtj/ ND. \ 1 E. CUPP Y DEEP WELL ELEV 120m T. D. 3859m : � (BEL OW SEA LEVEL} " 1""o \ � � � � i0 • (.} "-f �f � +37°45' 0 5 Miles 0 10 Km Figure Index map of the Wabash Valley Fault region of southeastern Illinois and southwestern18. Indiana showing the locations of the Wabash Valley reflection profiles of Sexton et al. (1986). WEST END-LINE 3-NEW HARMONY LINE 110 RIBEYRE ISLAND FAULT Cf) 1 .5 0 2 3 km 0 2 miles Figure Example of seismic reflection data for the Wabash Valley reflection survey (Sexton et al., 191986).. These data indicate a thick section of pre-Mt. Simon sedimentary rocks exists within a faulted basin beneath the Wabash Valley. EAST END-LINE 2-GRAYVILLE LINE WEST END-LINE 3-NEW HARMONY LINE w GRAYVILLE, ILLINOIS E NEW HARMONY FAULT 0 0 "') � � 0 HERALD-PHILLIPSTOWN ,,,,,.-__..- FAULT 0.5 0.5 I� 0.5 0.5 ------1 U) .., � ;:: 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 2 .3 km 0 2 3 km 0 2 molu 0 2 milh GRAYVILLE GRABEN ------i Figure Composite seismic reflection record section of the east end of the Grayville line and west end of the New Harmony20. line (Figure 6) of the Wabash Valley seismic data (Sexton et al., 1986). These reflection data define the Grayville Graben beneath the Illinois Basin sedimentary sequence. ,.... I- c NW SE ._, � 0 5 RI c >- <( ..J 0:: ._,� 0 1 000 o 10 12-1-...... ,.,.:.:=�...... =4-'-T -.;;..;-.t-..;;....;.-,....;.....,._;.+'-'"'"""""'..,.-;..;..;.....,...... :i.,...;..... �-;.-....;.,....-",.--+--....,.,.'-'l- o 40 80 120 DISTANCE C KM ) Figure Northwest-to-southeast schematic cross section of the upper crust along line C-C' (Figur21 . e 6) across the Wabash Valley Fault System in southeastern Illinois and southwest ern Indiana (from Sexton et al., 1986). 47 detailed seismi c refl ection profi ling. Maj or goals of thi s phase include: the detai led determinat ion of fault geometries, detection of intrusive masses , determi ning the suitabi lity of the site from the standpoint of the likel ihood of extending studies in the drillhole lateral ly, del i neati on of basement structure, detection of Pre-Knox sediments, and establ ishing age rel ations through the study of fault geomet ries. Resea rch Plan for IBUD Crustal Seismi c St udi es Crustal sei smi c studies of the Huh area are proposed to provide a characterization of the crust in the Ilinois Basin, New Madrid Ri ft Complex region, and to refine the site sel ection of the IBUD drillhole. Because the important targets for the drilling and the seismi c wo rk are at depths of 5 to 10 kil ometers (3 to 6 miles) or even greater, special design features have been considered in prepari ng the crustal sei smi c experiment plan. The nature of the upper crust and the extent of the lower crustal anomaly found to the south near the Reelfoot Ri ft area (e.g. Mooney et al., 1983) . Ad ditional ly, the basement configuration and structural rel ati onshi ps of faults withi n the basement and the Pal eozoic sedimentary sect ion are al so targets of the seismi c wo rk . A two phase crustal sei smi c exploration program is proposed . Phase I consists of two types of seismic studies aimed priMarily at the deeper structure and regi onal refl ection profi ling to provide detailed information on near-surface features , particul arly the Rough Creek Graben, the fault config uration in the area , and the basement surface. Phase II consists of a set of detai led seismic refl ecti on profi les using conventional Vibroseis seismic. refl ection techniques in an approximately 15 kilometer by 15 kilometer (9 by 9 mile) area surrounding the proposed drill site. Locations for the proposed seismi c profi les for both. Phase I and Phase II studies are shown in figures 22 and 23. A brief description of each of the profi les is given in table 1 and a schematic diagram illustrating the depl oyment plans fo r the four types of seismic studies (refraction/wi de-angle reflection, deep refl ection profiling, regional reflection profi ling and detailed refl ection profi ling) contained in the research pl an is given in fi gure 24. Phase I seismic refraction and refl ection studies wi ll provide important data beari ng on the location of the IBUD drill site. The detailed refl ection profi les wi ll be located over the sel ected site and wi ll refi ne the site selection so that the opti mum location of the drillhole can be found . These data additional ly wi ll aid in extending the geologi cal and geophysi cal data hase provi ded by the drillhole away from the hole and give the configurati on of important faults , sedimentary units , and basement structure in an area surroundi ng the drillhole. The proposed Phase I crustal seismic studies include refraction/wide angle refl ection profiles, deep refl ection profi les and regi onal refl ection profiles. The Phase I studies wi ll he performed duri ng the fi rst year of the propsed two and one-half year research pl an and the results of Phase I processing, model ing, and interpretat ion will provide the necessary data for selecting the site for the Phase II detailed reflection profi les whi ch wi ll be recorded during the second year of the research program. Sei smi c Profi les - Refracton/Wide-Angle Refl ect ion The refraction/wi de-angle refl ection profi les wi ll be located in an approximately X-shaped array centered on the Hub site. The northeast- Grayvme abe" r �0 r)I r'� ...... , J. 35• ' .�0 ,::;v �4. 00'tf 0'lf,OJ rffe ·�t§ �v 0 ·.s-0 0'' 0 v � & �0 (J�«--o �o 37" 'ti far!' TENNESSEE 7 - -- c" ------� - - - tnb � �� ert � o an y (Pr a d Pta t. e11 ea" . 1 et '-11?e ill., 1 9 84) ( Locations of proposed refraction and deep seismic reflection to be recorded in the Hub area. The solid lines Figure 22. labeled A define the locations for the refraction/wide-angle reflection profiles. The heavy line is the deep reflection profile. The proposed seismic refraction and reflection profiles are described in table Ill. Previously recorded crustal refraction profiles and the Wabash Valley reflection profiles of Sexton et al. (1986) are also shown. Contours indicate the approximate depth (in feet) to the Precambrian basement. 1· IL.fiN. 0 HUB SITE ) GRABEN . .. MO� KY ··- , • "" . / ·. - .. - . f'Cl-··-·J ·-··-··J.-.. . lsopach (ft); thickness of Cambrian 0 30 mi -7000 - plus Knox Megagroup 0 50 km Deep tests Approximate line of proposed reflection seismic profile Bottom in crystalline rock A Bottom in Mt. Simon or older e Figure Proposed seismic reflection profiles for IBUD site definition. Profiles are described in table Ill. Contours indicate23. thickness of Cambrian System plus Knox Megagroup (lower Ordovician). Compiled from drillhole and proprietary seismic data. Refraction/Wide Angle Reflection Profiles A. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 400 SGR Ill recorders at 500 m spacing Shotpoints: •200 kg 500-1000 kg 2000 kg • . Deep Reflection CDP Profile (Along NE-SW Refraction Profile) B. 50 km CDP profile using SGR Ill recorders and vibroseis source at 250 m (750 spacing fl) Regional Reflection Profiles c. "'"1 "'"1 "4- ---400 km (250 mi) ----•--""'I wireline or optical fibre telemetry system geophone group interval 55 m (165 active seismic channels 240 fl) Vibroseis Source spacing 55 m (165 = 8-55 Sweep; 120 Fold CDP Coveragefl) Hz Detailed Reflection Profiles D. -15 km (10 mi) � i-- ·re ' '?. 0 .s-f, ,IBUD :::.. �"" w E "" ' en ll'l <( 60 ::c I �� a.. "' i -50 km (30 mi) Conventional Seismic Reflection Profiling - Vibroseis Source 8-55 Sweep HZ 55 m (165 Group Spacing, 120-Fold CDP Coverage fl) 1 Figure Deployment plan for IBUD seismic studies. 24. 51 TABLE III IBUD Seismic Profi les (illustrated in figures 22 , 23 , and 24) A. Two 200-ki l ometer (125-mi le) Crustal Refraction Profi les (Sei smograph Spaci ng = 500 meters (1500 feet) , Shotpoi nt Spaci ng = 15 kil ometers (9 mi les) B. 50 kilometer (30 mi le) Deep Reflection Profi le (CDP Refl ecti on Data, Group Spacing = 250 meter (750 feet), Source Spacing = 250 meter {750 feet ), Record Length = 20 seconds ) C. Regional Reflecti on Profi les 400 kilometer (250 mi le) , CDP Profi ling, Group Interval = 55 meters {165 feet), Source Spacing = 55 meter (165 feet ) - Covers transition zone between east-west trending Rough Creek Graben and northeast-southwest trendi ng Reel foot Rift within the Hub site. NW-SE line transecting entire ri ft from Shawneetown Fault in Illinoi s to Pennyrile Fault System in Kentucky. Lines across Rough Creek Fault Zone, Shawneet own Fault, Lusk Creek Fault. Lines essentially paral lel to axi s of ri ft in transition zone. D. Detai led Seismic Reflection Profi les 50 ki lometers {30 mi les) of detailed CDP refl ection data recorded in a 15 x 15 kil ometer area (10 x 10 mi les) representing the proposed IBUD site. Group Spacing = 55 meters (165 feet), Sou rce Spacing = 55 meters (165 feet). southwest profi le (Figures 22 and 23) is desi gned to cross the Rough Creek Graben and investi gate the deep structure of the Illinois Basin. The location of the profi le is al so sel ected to provi de a tie between the exi sting sei smic studies in the area, particularly the crustal refraction work of Mooney et al . (1983) and Gi nzburg et al . (1983) to the southwest of the Hub site (fig. 14) . Additional ly, this refract ion line wi ll be used to investigate the possipil ity of a lower crustal anomaly (fig. 17) that is characteri stic of the Reel foot Rift area and perhaps the enti re New Mdrid Ri ft Complex. The location of this northeast-southwest line wi ll al low the mapping of this lower crustal anomaly and potential deep, late Precambri an grabens such as the Grayvi lle graben identified by Sexton et al . (1986). These features are expected to be ori ented in an approximately northeasterly di rection and could be traced from the Reel foot area into southern Indi ana and southern Illinois. A cross line (figs. 22 and 23) with an identical 200-k}1bmeter (125-mi le) long depl oyment configuration (fig. 24 ) wi ll be reeurded .�&, with large shots at end points and at the center, and smaller shots distributed along the profile. The deployment plan is illustrated in Figure 24 . It provides both for deep coverage using refracted arri vals as well as wide-angle reflections and for common-depth-point (CDP) coverage of the deep interfaces . The refraction and wide-angle reflection profili ng experi ments will utili ze SGR instruments available on contract from industry. These instruments have recently been used on two major cru stal sei smi c experi ments conducted by the investigators in Oklahoma and Arkansas, and thei r performance was excellent. In addition, the use of a contract crew for the . recording is efficient. Equipment of this type is not available in sufficient numbers within government agenci es or universities, thus contracting is the best choice for data acquisition. Both the refraction/wide-angle reflection profiles and the deep reflection profiles will employ the same contract or crew and utili ze SGR 's with the capability of Vibroseis recording. These instruments (SGR III recorders ) have signi fi cant advantages for cru stal studi es of the type planned here. Fi rst, the sei smographs are industry standard , hi gh-quality di gital instruments with large dy namic range and broad bandwidth. They are also portable and requi re no cable connections allowi ng efficient operat ion in the field and deployment over longer di stances than normal cable seismic systems. The SGR Ills will work both for explos ive and Vibroseis sou rces ; thei r recording by cartridge magnet ic tape is initiated by a radio signal from a central controlle r, whi ch also controls the sou rces. Sei smic Profiles -- Deep Reflect ion Data Deep seismic reflection profili ng will be run along the central portion of the proposed NE-SW deep cru stal refract ion and wide-angle reflection li ne through the Hub site (fig. 22) . Four hundred SGR recorders will be deploy ed over a distance of 100 kilometers (60 miles) thus providi ng a 250 meter {800 feet ) spacing. A vi brosei s sou rce will be used wi th a sou rce spacing (VP) of 250 meters (800 feet). Because the recorders can be deployed once for the enti re 100 kilometer li ne, the vi broseis trucks can move rapidly down the li ne sweeping for several minutes at each sou rce poi nt and yield a CDP reflection profile with near-vertical to wide-angle coverage for the central 50 kilometers {30 miles) of the li ne. CDP coverage will vary along the 100 ·ki lometer (60 mile} li ne. The coverage will be limited near the ends of the li ne and data wi ll be recorded in a single-ended mode. Al ong the central 50 kilometers (30 mi les ) of the li ne, however, the data will be recorded in a split-spread mode and will be of high CDP fold . Duri ng the Vibroseis recording, the SGR instruments would only have to be serviced occasionally to change cartridge tapes and a few of the instruments would be moved from the start of the li ne to near the end of the li ne as Vibrosei s trucks proceed along the li ne The Vibroseis sweep and the number of sweep� at each VP •. location will be designed to yield coherent seismic reflection results at least 10 kilometers (6 miles ) away from the Vibroseis trucks at any given ·time. In the Wabash Valley reflection experiment reported by Sexton et al. (1986), a test Vibroseis reflection seismic li ne was performed with larger offset , up to 10 kilometers (6 miles ), and adequate energy was recorded along the enti re IO-kilometers (6 mile) array with a relatively small number of sweeps. With 10 to 20 kilometers (6 to 12 miles ) of active array at any given time during the Vibroseis recording, anywhere from 80 to 160 instruments would be. recording the reflection dat a for each VP location. (As the Vibroseis trucks move along the li ne, the coverage becomes spli t spread for the majority of the li ne rather than single ended .) Utili zing these 80 to 160 traces for 53 each shotpoi nt, a wide aperature and high CDP-fold , deep sei smi c refl ection profile may be prepared by standard industry processing. This deployment plan not only provides for efficient recording (utilizing the same SRG III crew as the refraction work and allowi ng for depl oyment over a wide area with smal l operational efforts and expense) , but al so a wide aperature array wi ll be recorded with a CDP fold from 40 to 80 . This will result in high-quality data with an optimum depth coverage of a few kil ometers down to mi dcrustal depths and as deep as a Moho. Sei smi c Profi les -- Regional Refl ection Profi les Wi thin the Hub area, regional CDP seismic reflect ion profi les wi ll be recorded in order to defi ne the transition between the east-west trendi ng Rough Creek Graben and the northeast-southwest-trendi ng Reel foot Rift, two arms of the New Madri d Ri ft Complex. The re gi onal profile data will be col l ected using either a wi rel ine or telemet ry seismic acquisition system. A 240 channel sy stem would be used with spl it spread geomet ry and a 165 foot group interval. The proposed regional refl ection profi le locations are shown on Figure 23 . This distri bution of lines will provide the sei smi c data requi red to address the sal i ent aspects of the transition zone. Emphasis has been given to the north and northwest boundari es of the Reelfoot Ri ft-Rough Creek Graben join within the Hub site, i.e., the Rough Creek Fault Zone, the Shawneetown Fault and the Lusk Creek Fault, because limited propri etary seismic data indicates that the rift-fi lling sediments are thickest adjacent to the northern ri ft boundari es . The northwest-southeast sei smi c li ne that extends from the Pennyri le Fault Zone on the southeast, to well beyond the Shawneetown Fault on the northwest , transects the transition between the Rough Creek Graben and the Reel foot Rift. The northwest end of this line has been extended to Norri s City in White County , Illinois in order to tie wi th propri etary seismic reflection surveying in southeast ern Illinois that wi ll be made avai lable. The proposal includes 400 kilometers (250 miles ) of seismi c refl ection data that wi ll be acqui red and processed to a record length of at least 8 seconds. These profi les are desi gned to provide excellent resolution of the enti re Phanerozoic Section and the upper portion of the crystal line basement rocks using sei smi c parameters outli ned below. The regional reflection seismic study wi ll focus on acquiring data from depths of 5 to 9 kilometers (15 ,000 to 30 ,000 feet). The oldest ri ft-filling Phanerozoic or older rocks and lithol ogic changes in the basement rocks rel ated to the ri fting process will occur in this interval . Seismic Profi les -- Detailed Reflection Data After processing and interpretation of the refraction and regional reflection data recorded in Phase I of the site defi nition plan, recordi ng of detailed refl ection profiles is proposed within an approximately 15 by 15 kilometer (10 by 10 mile) area centered on the most likely !BUD site. Approximately 50 kilometers (30 mi les) of conventional seismi c refl ection profi ling will be obtained under separate contract using conventional cable Vibrosei s methodol ogy with a 8 to 55 hertz sweep and an approximately 55 meter (165 feet ) group spaci ng with 120-fold CDP coverage. The approximate config uration of the detai led reflection profi les is illustrated schematically in fi gure 24 . These data will be primarily used further to defi ne the configu ration of faults, sedimentary units, and basement surface in the IBUD site location prior to the fi nal site sel ecti on. In the post-dri lling phase of the 54 Hub study , these data wi ll be used to extend the geol ogi cal and geophysical data derived from the hole away from the drillhole location. Data Acquisition and Processing Data acquisition and processing for Hub sei smi c studies wi ll be acquired and processed by the same industrial seismic contractor in order to facilitate communication, qual ity control and to lower cost , if possible, in a manner consi stent with the goal s of this proposal . A brief summa ry of the recommended parameters for recordi ng the data are as fol lows : 1) Number of active seismic channel s: 240 2) Geophone group interval : 165 feet 3) Sei smi c spread : Spl it spread 20 ,130-495 feet , 495-20 ,130 feet (approximately) 4) Geophones : Digital grade , 8 or 10 Hz . , 18 per group, in-line pattern over 165 feet 5) Sou rce : vibrators , zone active, in-l ine pattern ; use vi brators wi th a peak force of approximately 27 ,000 to 30 , 000 lbs. each. Sweep Length: as short as possible, probably around 8 seconds. Sweep frequency : approximately 8 to 55 Hz. 6) Source poi nt or vi brating poi nt interval : 165 feet 7) Resulting effort : 120 fold 8) Sample interval for data: 4 mi lliseconds 9) Instruments: wi rel ine or opti cal fibre tel emetry system. Processing of the data wi ll be by seismi c contractors fol lowi ng a processing stream similar to that used successful ly by universiti es and companies who have gathered sei smi c reflection data in the area. Vel oci ties for the refl ection processi ng wi ll be avai lable from wel l log data (Sexton et al ., 1986 ) and from the wi der operative deep reflection data and refraction/wi de-angle refl ection data. The data wi ll necessari ly require "crooked-l ine" processing since long strai ght roads are not avai lable in this part of the worl d, and long bul l dozed trai ls would not be practical and may not be permitted in some areas since some of the Hub area incl udes U.S. Nati onal Forest land. It appea rs that el evation static correction, pl us automated long-period and short-peri od statics wi ll be adequate to effect surface corrections. Should it be neces sary to determi ne low vel ocity layer depths and vel oci ties in the fi eld, shallow seismic refraction surveys can be accompl i shed. The spatial sampling interval of 165 feet should be maintained through the processing. If hori zon tal ly travel ling noise trains with wave lengths longer than l65 feet are present , it may be necessary to combi ne 2 or 3 groups per channel in process ing. The specifi cations wi ll be submitted in a format for performance and procedures consistent with Illinoi s and Kentucky law and the International Geophysical Contract Manual . Qual ity control wi ll be ensured by a full-time consulting qual ity control expert who will be responsible to the proj ect di rector and assigned to Dr. John Sexton (Southern Illinois University). 55 Seismi c St ratigraphy In order to sel ect the best possible site withi n the Hub area a regi onal grid of seismi c data tied to available shal low wel l control is essenti al . The regional and detai led refl ection seismic data, and the availabl e regi onal seismic lines and wel l logs in the southe rn Illinois Basin wi ll provi de the data base for interpreting the sequence stratigraphy prior to drilling. The combi nation of a sequence stratigraphic and structural analysis wi ll aid in precise site sel ection. The appl ication of sei smic stratigraphic interpretation techniques to sedimentary basin analysis has resulted in a new way to subdivide, correl ate, and map sedimentary rocks cal led sequence analysis, whi ch uti lizes seismi c, well, and outcrop data to group rocks into chronostratigraphically constrai ned genetic intervals. These interval s, cal led depositional sequences or succes sions of geneti cal ly rel ated strata bounded above and bel ow by unconformities, and systems tracts or linkages of contemporaneous depositional sy stems bounded above and bel ow by physical discontinuities within the sequences , have predi ctabl e stratal patterns and lithofacies that can be recognized in outcrops, on wel l logs, and seismic sections . Depositional sequences and systems tracts provi de a new way to establ ish a chronostratigraphic correl ation framework based on physical as well as bi ostratigraphi c cri teri a. Depositional sequences correl ate throughout sedimentary basins and probably correl ate gl obal ly. Parti cular sets of depositi onal processes, and thus certain depositional envi ronments and lithofacies , are associ ated with particular systems tracts. It is bel i eved that the fundamental control of sequence stratigraphy is short-term eustatic changes of sea level superimposed on longer-term tectonic changes . Sequence stratigraphy has the potential to provide a unifying concept to sedimentary rocks similar to the way pl ate tectonics provides a unifying concept for tectonics and structure. Interp retation Interp retation of the refraction/wide-angl e refl ection data will incl ude travel -time inversion methods and synthetic seismogram model ing. Vel ociti es for major geol ogi c units of the cru st in the IBUD area wi ll be determi ned from the refract ion and refl ection profi ling data. I nitial interpretations duri ng the processing of the Phase I data wi ll aid in defi ni ng of the exact location, geomet ry and parameters for the detailed refl ecti on profi ling duri ng Phase II; applying special i zed processing steps, and refi ning the processing steps for optimum record sections. After compl etion of the Phase I and II data acquisition and processing, a unified interpretation of al l seismic data wi ll be performed by the resea rch team . Thi s interpretation wi ll al so integ rate the previous sei smi c studies in the area as wel l as potential-field data and geological information, including subsurface data from deep drillhol es (see Admi nistrative St ructure for responsibilities). Potential Fiel d Studi es Gravity and magnet ic anomaly studies in and around the Hub area are vital geophysical components of the IBUD site defi nition program. Gravity and magnetic studies, in concert with sei smi c and magnetotel luric studies , wi ll provide val uable geophysical information on the regi onal and local geol ogy of 56 the Hub site. The acquisition, processing, and interpretation of gravity and magnetic data are extremely cost effective. Thei r cost is but a fraction of their seismi c counterparts. The regional gravity and magnet ic coverage needed for the !BUD site will be extended beyond the geographical limits of the Hub site to incl ude profile coverage along the regional sei smi c fraction and refl ection lines , whi ch extend beyond the boundaries of the Hub site. Areal gravity and magnet ic coverage beyond the Hub site is requi red to develop the regional framework of the area and to minimize the edge effects that occur during the processing of data. Profile coverage along the regional sei smic lines serve to constrai n the interpretations of the sei smic data. The avai labl e gravi ty data sets in and around the Hub area do not meet the current requi rements for consi stency, station density, and accuracy . Discontinuities between surveys conducted at different times by different investi gators using different instruments, standards, and processing techniques wi ll cause serious degradat ion of the results produced by modern quantitative processi ng of the data. It is important that a coherent gravity data set be obtained in and around the Hub site. The gravity data can be obtained by occupying available and acceptable sites with adequate el evation control . Since consistency in areal magnet ic coverage is al so important , the available aeromagnetic data should be supplemented by a ground magnet ic survey conducted concurrently with the areal gravity survey. Such a survey is a cost effective way to obtain qual ity areal data, providing care is exercised to el imi nate cultural and near-surface geol ogic noi se. Regional gravity and magnetic profi le coverage is requi red al ong regional and detailed sei smi c refract ion and reflection lines. Extensi ve el evation control will be created duri ng the sei smic surveys to aid acquisition of gravity data. The ground magnet ic data wi ll be acquired using a truck-mounted magnetometer system owned by the USGS. This system is capable of col lecting data at 7-meter (20-foot ) intervals with the instrument travel ing at 20 mi les p·er hour. Negl ecting heading error and cultural noise, system accuracy is plus or mi nus 2 gammas. Thi s system will be used in all the planned �round magnetic surveying. Al though Precambrian basement lies at great depth wi thi n the study areas , the detailed truck-mounted magnet ic survey may provide val uable information on shal low intrusive bodies, possible mi neral ization along faults , and features trendi ng parallel to or lying between fl ight lines of existing aeromagnet ic surveys. Al though potential fiel d data are not unique, these data, in particular the gravity data, provi de signi fi cant constrai nt on the interpretation of the sei smi c data. Ocola and Meyer (1973) state: 11The correctness of the (seismic) model so deri ved is adjudged by computing the model 1s gravitational effect and by comparison with observed gravity . 11 •••• Acquisition of new gravity and ground magnetic data in and adjacent to the Hub site that cannot be obtai ned by the truck-mounted magnetometer system , will be accompl i shed by Northe rn Ilinois University (NIU) and the Illinoi s State Geological Survey ·(!SGS) crews using NIU LaCoste-Romberg equipment and instrumentation under the di rection of Dr. C. P. Ervin and Dr. P. C. Heigold, in consultation with Dr. T. C. Hi l denbrand. U.S. Geol ogical Survey personnel 57 will be responsi ble for the acquisition of all ground magnet ic data gathered with the tru ck-mounted magnetometer system . Gravity and grou nd magnetic data will be reduced at NIU, the ISGS, and the USGS. Prelimi nary modeli ng will be done at NIU and the ISGS. Map generation and the final data processing will be done under the direction of Hildenbrand at the USGS . Interp retation of the processed data is anticipated to be a cooperative effort by Drs . T. Hildenbrand , P. C. Hei gold, C. P. Ervin, and W. J. Hinze. c. After regi onal gravity and magnetic data have been assembled for the study area, standard gridding and plotting procedures will be employed to process the data to map form. The magnetic surveys will be standardi zed to a selected reference elevation above ground level. The process requi red to compile a consistent magnetic data set involves continuation of data to a reference surface, integrity adjustments to achieve data compatability, and careful appli cation of splicing techniques to merge the data . The avail ability of a digital, compati ble magnetic data set will allow calculation of a variety of characteristics , such as wavelength or trend. Filtering operations will be carried out to convert the data to a form that enhances li thologi c and st ructural boundaries following the assembly of hi gh-quality and consistent magnetic and gravity data sets. These operations generally include (1) reduction of magnetic data to the pole , an attempt to shi ft anomaly patterns di rectly above the associated sou rces; (2) fi rst vertical derivative of the gravity and magnetic data, to sharpen or resolve high-gradient anomali es ; (3) gradient of the gravity and pseudo-gravity fields, to delimi t lithologic or structural boundaries ; (4) regi onal-residual gravity anomaly separation, to separate near-surface sou rces from deep sou rces ; and (5) shaded magnet ic and gravity reli ef analysis, to enhance anomaly trends. A considerable amount of additional potent ial field information can be obtai ned by study of filtered anomaly maps. Analysis of all the compiled maps by the multidiscipli nary teams will result in consistent and thorough study of all potential field data acqui red. Depths to magnetic basement and proprietary reflection seismic data of the study area suggest that the north-trending Reelfoot Rift and the west trending Rough Creek Graben intersect in southe rn Illi nois and western Kentucky . Further regi onal potential field quantitati ve analysis and comparison with reflection seismic data is requi red to better understand the region of intersect ing grabens , i.e. the Hub site. Potential fi eld analysis will include appli cation of several independent inversion techniques including basic Vacquier inversion, Werner deconvolution , simultaneous li near inversion of magnetic and gravity data, and Talwan1-type inversion to obtain average esti mates of depth to crystalli ne basement . Major individual anomali es and selected profiles transecting grabens and fault zones will be analyzed for depth sou rces. The resulting generali zed basement depth map of the Hub area will aid studies of Illi nois Basin structural development and will flag areas requiring more detailed analysis. Detailed modeling of the regional potential field data will be done to ascertain the geometry and physical propert ies of pertinent geologic features. A 2 1/2 dimensional modeli ng program based on generali zed inversion theory will be employed to simultaneously invert gravity and magnet ic data. The program requi res an initial estimate of depth, shape , density, and suscepti bility of sou rces , and then varies selected parameters in an attempt to reduce 58 the wei ghted root-mean-square error between the observed and calculated gravity and magnetic fields. The geomet ry and physical properties of inter esting features within the crust can then be determined. Avai lable drillhole information, simultaneous inversion of gravity and magnetic data, sei smi c reflection and refraction data, and geol ogic reason ing wi ll result in identifi cation of a speci fic area withi n the Hub area that is the likely target for the IBUD. Thi s area wi ll be subj ected to more detai led, local i zed sei smic refl ecti on, gravity, and ground magnetic surveying oriented toward site sel ection. Phase II sei smi c refl ection profi ling wi ll also provide many new loca tions with el evation control s. These locati ons wi ll be occupied duri ng the detai led Phase II, gravity and ground magnetic surveying for reasons simi lar to those given in the discussion of the regional gravity and ground magnetic work for Phase I. Phase II areal gravity and ground magnetic coverage wi ll require new locations wi th appropriate el evat i on control . A close-spaced , truck-mounted magnetometer survey wi ll be appropriate. Processing and analy ses of the Phase II potential field data wi ll be analagous to the regional procedu res . Magnetotel luric Investigation Magnetotel luri c soundings of geol ogical and geophysical targets such as undistu rbed crust, the Rough Creek Fault, the Shawneetown Fault, the Lusk Creek Fault Zone, the Rough Creek Graben, and the Tennessee- Illinois-Kentucky Magnetic Lineament will be investi gated by location of soundings at a station spaci ng less than or equal to 4 kil ometers (2.5 mi les) along the proposed regional seismic lines . Additi onal Phase II magnetotel luric soundings with closer spacir:igs wi ll be located withi n the 15 by 15 kilometer (9 by 9 mi le) area of concern together with the planned detai led seismic refl ection and detailed gravity and ground magnetic survey . The acquisition of the magnetotel luric data wi ll be supervised by Dr. W. D. Stanley utilizing eq uipment of the USGS . Interp retat ion wi ll be performed using standard USGS invers i on algori thms . Magnetotel luric interpretation will be constrained in an iterative approach using interpretations deri ved from the col l ateral studies. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT PLAN Introduction The proposed IBUD site defi nition resea rch program �equi res an admi nis trati ve structure and rel ated management plan that wi ll insure a cost effective operation leading to the successful acqui sition, processing, and interpretation of the data required to site the IBUD in a timely manner. The resea rch plan cited above can only be achi eved if responsibi l ities and lines of communication are establi shed that wi ll provide for the requi red integra tion of interdisciplinary results and interpretations and the transfer of the integrated interpretation and recommendat ions to IBUD management. 59 Administrative Structure Figure 25 establ ishes the admi nistrative structure of the elements of the program. The Illinois State Geol ogical Survey wi ll manage the site defi nition and site selection proj ects on behal f of and in cooperation wi th the funding agencies. !BUD management wi ll be expanded in a manner consistent with the organization requi red by or negotiated with the fundi ng agency. The !BUD management wi ll be advi sed by an IBUD Scientific Ad visory Committee consisting of: David Anderson - Univers ity of Illinoi s Thomas C. Bushbach - Illinois State Geological Survey Wi lliam J. Hinze - Purdue University Marcus E. Mi lling - Chief Geologist, Arco Oil and Gas Company Raymond Siever - Harvard University Laurence Sloss - Northwestern Univers ity Richard Stearns - Vanderbilt University Peter R. Vail - Rice Univers ity Jan van Sant - Vice Pres ident Research, Pennzoil Exploration and Production Company The admi nistrative structure uti lizes discipl i ne-oriented , investigative teams that are responsible for the various geophysi cal surveys under the guidance of the Site Definition Steeri ng Commi ttee . The !BUD Project Di rector, Mr. J. James Eidel , wi ll have the responsibi lity of directing the scientific and admi nistrati ve tasks of the project and ensuri ng timely and satisfactory fulfillment of the project goal s. The !BUD Project Director wi ll serve as an ex-officio member of the Site Defi nition Steeri ng Commi ttee � which will answer di rectly to the !BUD management. This committee wi ll be responsible for the qual ity of the scientific product; timely communication, reporting, integration of results; and recommendat ion of site(s) to the Site Sel ection Panel , which wi ll include the Site Defi nition Committee. With the aid and advice of the external Site Defi nition (Geo physical ) Advisory Committee, the Site Defi nition Steeri ng Committee will monitor al l el ements of the studies from planning to fi nal interp retation and recommendation. Al l contracts to be let by the subcontractor scienti sts must be app roved by !BUD management . The Steeri ng Commi ttee wi ll operate under a designated chairman , Wi lliam J. Hinze and wi ll have overall responsibility for the site defi nition program. They wi ll establ ish lines of commu nication with and be advi sed by a Site Definition Advisory Committee. The Site Defi nition Ad visory Commi ttee wi ll be organized by the Steeri ng Committee with the advice and approval of the !BUD management . It wi ll con sist of 10 senior scientists from academi a, industry, and governmental agencies who are not di rectly rel ated to the !BUD program, but are recognized experts in conduct ing and interpreting geophysical programs . The Si te Defi nition Advisory Committee will operate under a desi gnated chai rman, provide timely advice to al l investigative teams , and assist the Site Defi nition Steeri ng Committee in reviewi ng and monitori ng all phases of the program from pl anning to fi nal interpretation. The rol e of the commi ttee will be advi sory. IBUD MANAGEMENT Illinois State Geological Survey UD S C Morris Leighton, Chief L--{ A W. I 18 I I PROJECT DIRECTOR Eidel l I SITE DEFINITION BUSINESS OFFICE STEERING COMMITTEE SITE DEFINITION 1- __-1 Admin. Assistant Hinze, Ch. Heigold ADVISORY COMMITTEE Hildenbrand McGinnis Vail I REGIONAL CRUSTAL SITE DEFINITION CHARACTERIZATION GROUP GROUP CRUSTAL SEISMIC MAGNETOTELLURIC S GEOLOGIC STUDIES SEISMIC STUDIES REFLECTIO N STUDIES � � Stanley Lidiak, Nelson, Vail Braile, Keller, Sexton Sexton, Braile, Vail GRAVITY STUDIES MAGNETIC STUDIES Heigold, Ervin, Hinze, McGinnis I--+- Hildenbrand, Heigold, Hinze SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY Vail, Sexton, Braile, McGinnis Figure IBUD Site Definition Management Plan. 25. 61 The members of each discipl i ne-oriented investigat ive team are listed on Figure 25. The member listed fi rst is the designated chairman. The chai rmen wi ll have responsibility for recommending al l science and fi nanci al aspects of the team 's program and for carrying out all approved recommendations regarding thei r proj ect . Deci sions regardi ng scientific and financial matters by the investigative teams wi ll be subj ect to review by the Site Definition Steeri ng Committee and the Site Defi nition Advisory Commi ttee to insure that the studies and finances of the individual investigative teams are compatible and coordinated with the overall objecti ves of the project. Geophysical data wi ll be made available to all members of the Site Definition Committee for interp retation. The chai rmen of each investigative team wi ll have the responsibility of integrating the interpretations of his team. The Site Defi nition Steering Committee wi ll have the re sponsibility of bri ngi ng together the interpretations integrati ng the investigati ve team reports, and recommendi ng an IBUD site or sites. Prime responsibil ities of the investigative teams incl ude reporting results in a timely fashi on at regular interval s and the integration of interp retations of investigative teams. Quarterly, annual and final written report s wi ll be required of al l segments of the program to monitor progress and achieve desi red integration of interpretations. Conferences wi ll be held throughout the project , including working group meetings where the investigative teams wi ll report to each other informal ly on progress, pl ans , probl ems , and results. These meet ings wi ll serve to integrate the results of the various studies. Additional meetings wi ll be held as requi red to review the progress of the program with the Site Definition Advisory Committee, the IBUD Coordinator and management, and DOSECC representat ives . SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES The schedule of activities for the IBUD site defi nition is summa rized in Tabl e IV wi th a breakdown for each investigative team . By judi cious telescoping of effort , the site defi nition program that would normal ly take 2 1/2 years could be completed in two years including data acquisition, processing, and interp retation. The fi rst year wi ll focus on regional studies within and immediately adjacent to the Hub site for the purpose of characteri zing the regional geol ogy of the crust withi n the area and identifyi ng an approximately 15 by 15 kil ometer (9 by 9 mi le) site for detailed study. The second year wi ll focus on detai led study of thi s site. The fi nal 6 months of the program wi ll invol ve the Site Definition Committee in site selection incl uding fi nal pre Site Sel ection Workshop analysis and re-interpretation, interaction with the IBUD coordinator, partici pation in the Site Selecti on Workshop, and recommendation of site(s) to IBUD management. TABLE IV Schedule of Activities, Site Defini tion Project IBUD Activities Year Year Year 3 6 7 1 6 7 2 6 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 Award of Grant Geol ogi c Investigat i ons Paleozoic Geol ogy -Acqui re logs maps & -Synthesize data into maps, etc. -Interact wi th other studies Basement Geol ogy -Acqui re logs and samples -Analyze samples -Interact with ot her studies Regional Refl ection Seismic Program -Speci fy sei smi c lines and initial acquisition parameters -Contracting permi tting & -Field tests data acquisition & -Data processing -Interp retation -Interact wi th ot her studi es Detai led Refl ection Sei smic Program -Speci fy sei smi c lines initial & acquisition parameters -Contract ing permi tti ng & -Field tests DHTA acqui sition & -Data processi ng analysis & -Interp retation -Interact wi th other studi es Crustal Reflect ion and Refraction Sei smi c Program -Speci fy sei smi c lines -Contracting permi tting & (continued) TABLE IV t vi ti es Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Ac i 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 -Data acquisition -Data processing analysis & -Interpretation -Interaction wi th other studies Regional Gravity Magnetic Program & -Assembl e, eval uate integrate availabl e & gravity magneti c data & -Prepare regional gravity magnetic & anomaly maps -Acqui red process regional gravity magneti c data -Model ing Interpretati on & -Interact wi thother studies Detailed Gravity Magneti c Program & -Acqu ire process deta iled gravity & & magnetic data -Prepare detailed maps -Model ing interpretation & -Interact wi th other studi es Magnetotell uri cs Program -Sel ection of soundi ng sites & acquisition parameters -Regional data acqui sition -Detailed data acquisition -Model ing inversion & -Interpretation· -Interact with other studies Reports x x x x x x x * * Conferences x x x x x x x x 64 PERSONNEL The personnel involved in this project are experienced senior investigators who have previ ously organi zed , conducted , interpreted , and reported on studies in the midconti nent region. The Steeri ng Committee of the IBUD Site Defi nition proj ect consists of Willi am J. Hi nze, chai rman, Paul C. Hei gold , Thomas G. Hildenbrand, and Lyle McGi nnis. The Project Di rector is J. James Eidel. J. James Eidel is Pri ncipal Geologist and Head of the Mineral Resou rces Group of the Illi nois State Geologi cal Survey. He was formerly the U.S. Explo ration Manager for the Hanna Mini ng Company and managed world-wide explo ration efforts for 18 years . He is a former member of the NAS/NRC Conti nental Scientific Drilli ng Committee and Vice-President and Chai rman of the Research Committee of the Society of Economic Geolog ists. His research efforts focus on the ri ft-related origi n of the structurally controlled mi nerali zati on of the southe rn Illi nois Basin. Willi am J. Hi nze is Professor of Geophysics at Purdue Uni versity and a leading authority on midconti nent geophysics . He has been involved in a variety of regional and detailed geophysical surveys in the mi dcontinent for over 30 years . Most recently he was co-pri ncipal investi gator on one of the major projects of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssion 1s New Madrid Sei smo Tectonic Program. He is a member of numerous national and international scientific bodies and formerly was a member of the U.S. Continent al Sci entific Drilli ng Committee . Paul Hei gold is Lead Geophysicist at the Illi nois State Geological Survey. Overc. the past 24 years wi th the Illinois Survey he has been active in gravity, magnetic, seismi c, and resistivity studies throughout the Illi nois Basin. He has major research interest in exploration geophysics and earthquake sei smology . His publi cations cover a broad range of Illi nois Basin geophysical subjects. Thomas G. Hildenbrand is Section Chi ef, Continental Interi or Geophysics Section, Branch of Geophysics, U.S. Geologi cal Survey . Dr. Hildenbrand is a member of numerous U.S. Geological Survey and national committees dealing with potential-field data. He is the lead person in the preparation of the Gravity Anomaly Map of North America. Hi s pri nci pal research interest are regi onal geophysics, tecton ophysics, and mathematical geophysics. He has extensive mi dcontinent experience and was one of the fi rst to recogni ze midcont i nent ri fting. Lyle D. McGi nnis is currently Manager, Geology and Geophyics Section, Energy and Envi ronmental Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory. Dr. McGi nnis has had a di stinguished career as a geophysical educator and research er. He has conducted geophysical programs in a wide range of terrai ns and countri es. A major interest is the geophysics and tecton ics of the U.S. con tinental interi or where he was fi rst to identify the Reelfoot Rift with C. Patrick Ervi n. Peter R. Vail is W. Maurice Ewi ng Professor of Oceanography at Rice University. He was formerly Senior Resea rch Scientist with Exxon Production Research in Houston. He is DNAG co-chai rman on Sedimentary Cover of the Craton, member of the COCORP Advisory Committee, and was SEG Distinguished Lecturer and SEPM Distinguished Guest Speaker. Dr. Vail is an originator of 65 the science of seismi c stratigraphy and organized the AAPG-SEG School on Stratigraphic Intrepretati on of Seismi c Data. He was AAPG Distinguished Lecturer. 1975-76. The fol lowing geophysici sts and geol ogists wi ll serve as pri ncipal investi gators on the IBUD Site Defi nition Program: Law rence W. Braile is Professor of Geophysics at Purdue Uni versity. Prof. Brai le has a broad range of experi ence in crustal seismol ogy, potential fi el d data, and tectonics. He served as co-pri ncipal investigator on the NRG New Madrid Seismo-Tectonic Program and currently serves on numerous national and internat ional commi ttees includi ng the U.S. Commi ttee on Sei smol ogy. C. Patri ck Ervin is Professor of Geophysics at Northern Il l inois Uni versity. He has carri ed out and interpreted many of the maj or gravity surveys in the Midcontinent . Al ong wi th Dr. McGi nnis, he was the fi rst to recognize the geophysical signature of the Reel foot Rift associ ated with the Mi ssissippi Embayment and the New Madrid Rift Complex. G. Randy Kel ler is Professor of Geophysics at the Uni versity of Texas , El Paso. He is a recognized authori ty on both crustal seismi c studi es and pot ential -fiel d data. He has supervised and conducted geophysical surveys on a worl d-wi de basis and is noted for his pioneering geophysical and tectonic studies in the eastern mi dcontinent . E.G. Lidi ak is Professor of Geol ogy at the Uni versity of Pittsbu rgh. Dr. Lidiak has been actively invol ved in mapping and interp reting the basement rocks of the midcontinent for 30 years . He has written extensively on this subject and was a pri ncipal investi gator on the NRG New Madrid Sei smo-Tectonic Program. His interests cover the petrology and isotopic age dating of the basement rocks of the midcont i nent and the geol ogic signi fi cance of potential field data. W.John Nel son is Associate Geol ogi st with the Illinois State Geological Survey. In recent years his efforts have been devoted to extensive surfa ce and subsurface mappi ng of the southern Illinois Basin. He has wri tten extensively on the Rough Creek Graben and the associated faulti ng structu re and tectonics and served as an investigator on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comissi on's New Madri d Sei smo-Tectonic Study. W. Dal Stanley is Chief of Shallow Crustal Geophysics Section, Branch of Geophysics , U.S. Geological Survey. His major research interests are el ect romagnet ic and sei smi c exploration methods , crustal conductivity structures and regional tectonics. He has publ i shed extensively on the appl ication of the magnetotel luric to crustal geol ogi c probl�ms . John L. Sexton is Professor of Geophysics at Southern Illinois University. He has extensi ve seismi c exploration experi ence both in academi a and the pet rol eum explorati on industry. His research has invol ved both conventional and high-resolution seismi c exploration within va ri ous el ements of the New Madrid Ri ft Complex. These brief rev iews of the seni or person nel of the proj ect are supple mented by attached vita. 66 REFERENCES Austin, C. B., and G. R. Kel ler, 1982 , A crustal structure study of the Northern Mississippi embayment : In F. A McKeown and L. C. Pakiser [eds .], •. Investigati ons of the New Madrid,-r;fissouri , Earthquake Region : U.S. Geologi cal Survey Professional Paper 1236 , p. 83-93. Bal ly, A. W., 1980 , Basins and subsidence - A summa ry: in A. W. Bal ly, P. L. Bender, T. R. McGetchin, and R. I. Walcott [eds .], Dynamics of Plate Interi ors : Ameri can Geophysical Union Geodynamic Seri es 1, p. 5-20 . Bal ly , A. W. , and S. Snel son, 1980 , Realms of subsidence: in A. D. Miall, Facts and pri ncipl es of world pet rol eum occurence: CanadTan Society of Pet roleum Geologi sts Memoi r 6, p. 9-94. Baxter, J. W., P. E. Potter, and F. L. Doyl e, 1963, Areal geol ogy of the Illinoi s Fl uorspar District : Part 1, Sal ine Mi nes , Cave-in-Rock , De Koven , and Repton Quadrangles: Illinois Geol ogi cal Survey Ci rcular 342 , 43p. Baxter, J. W. , and G. A. Desborough, 1965, Areal geol ogy of the Illinois Fluorspar District. Part 2 - Karpers Ridge and Rosicl are Quadrangles: Illinois Geol ogical Survey Ci rcular 385 , 40 p. Baxter, J. W., G. A. Desborough, and C. W. Shaw, 1967, Areal geol ogy of the Illinois Fluorspar District. Part 3 - Herod and Shetlervi lle Quadrangles: Illinois Geol ogical Survey Circular 413, 41 p. Bi ckford , M. E., W. R. Van Schmus, and Isidore Zietz, 1986, Proterozoic history of the midconti nent region of North America: Geol ogy, v. 14, no. 6, p. 492-496. Bi kerman, Michael , E. G. Lidiak, and R. Lewi s, 1982 , K-Ar ages of phlogopite from mica peridotite, Omaha oi l field intrusion, Gallatin County, southern Illinois: Geol ogi cal Society of America Abstracts with Programs , v. 14, no. 5, p. 255. Brai le, L. W. , W. J. Hinze, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak , 1982a, The northeastern extension of the New Madrid Sei smic Zone: in F. A. McKeown and L Pakiser [eds.], Investigations of the New Madrid, Missou ri , Earthquake •. Regioc. n : U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey Professional Paper 1236 , p. 175-184. Brai le, L. W. , G. R. Kel ler, W. J. Hi nze, and E. G. Lidiak, 1982b, An ancient ri ft complex and its rel at ion to contemporary seismi city in the New Madrid Sei smi c Zone: Tectonics, v. 1, p. 225-237 . Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hinze, J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak, 1982c , Sei smi city and tectonics of the mi dconti nent United States: Proceedings Thi rd International Earthquake Mi crozonation Conference, Seattle, Washington, June 28-July 1, p. 25-38 . Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hinze, J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak, 1986 , Tectonics devel opment of the New Madrid Sei smic Zone: Tectonophysics , in press. 67 Buschba ch , T. C., 1986, New Madrid sei smotectonic program-final report : U. S. Nuclear Regul atory Commission NUREC/CR-4632, 61 p. Cordel l, L., 1977, Regional positive gravity anomaly over the Mississippi Embayment: Ameri can Geophysical Union Geophysical Resea rch Letters, v. 4, no. 7, p. 285-287. OeRito, R. F., F. A. Cozzarel li, and D. S. Hodge, 1983 , Mechanism of subsidence of ancient cratonic ri ft basi ns : Tectonophysics, v. 94, p. 141- 168. Ervin, C. P., and L. D. McGi nnis, 1975, Reel foot ri ft : reactivated precu rsor to the Mississippi Embayment : Geologi cal Society of Ame ri ca Bul letin, v. 86, p. 1287-1295. Ginzburg, A. , W. D. Mooney , A. D. Walter, W. J. Lutter, and J. H. Hea-ly , 1983 , Deep structure of the northern Missi ssippi Embayment : American Associ ation of Pet roleum Geol ogi sts Bul letin, v. 67 , p. 2031-2046 . Gori , P . L., and W. W. Hays, [ed.], 1984 , Proceedings of the symposium on the "New Madrid Seismi c Zone": U.S. Geol ogi ca·1 Survey Open File Report 84-774, 468 p. Hami lton, R. M. , and D. Zoback , 1982, Tectonic feature of the New Madrid seismic zone from seismic reflection profi les: in F. A. McKeown and L. C. Pakiser [eds.], Investigations of the New Madrid�M i ssouri , Earthquake Region: U.S. Geol ogical Survey Professional Paper 1236 , p. 55-82. Hatley, J. B. , and J. F. Devi ko, 1974, Sei smotectonic map of the eastern United States: U. S. Geological Survey Map MF-620. Herrmann, R. B. , and J. A. Canas , 1978, Focal mechanisms studi es in the New Madrid Seismic Zone: Bul letin of the Seismol ogi cal Society of Ameri ca, v. 68, p. 1905-1102. Heyl , A. V. , Jr. , 1972, The 38th Paral lel Lineament and its relationshi p to ore deposits: Economic Geology, v. 67, p. 879-894. Hil denbrand , T. G., M. F. Kane, and W. Staude r, 1977 , Magneti c and gravity anomal ies in the northern Mississippi embayment and thei r spatial rel ati on to seismi city: Map MF-914, scal e 1:1,000,000 . U.S. Geological Survey Miscel l aneous Field Studies. Hil denbrand, T. G. , M. F. Kane, and J. D. Hendri cks, 1982, Magnetic basement in the upper Mississippi embayment regi on - A prel imi nary report , in F. A. McKeown and L. C. Pakiser [eds.], Investigations of the New Madrid-, Missouri , Earthquake Region: U.S. Geol ogical Survey Professional Paper 1236, p. 39-54. Hi l denbrand , T. G. , and G. R. Kel ler, 1983 , Magnetic and gravity features of western Kentucky: thei r geol ogic significance: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 83-164 , 12 p. Hinze, W. J., L. W. Brai le, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak , 1980, Model s for midconti nent tectonism: in B. C. Burchfiel , J. E. Oliver and L. T. Silver [eds.], Continental Tectonics : National Academy of Sci ences , Washington, D.C., p. 73-83 . 68 Hi nze, W. J., L. W. Brai le, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidi ak, 1983 , Geophysical geological studies of possible extensions of the New Madrid Fault Zone, New Madrid Sei smotectonic Study-Activ ities du ri ny Fiscal Yea r 1983: U.S. Nuclear Regul atory Commission NUREG/CR-4226. Hi nze, W. J., L. W. Brai le, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Li diak, 1986 , Models for mi dcont i nent tectonism: An update. (In preparation). Hook , J. W. , 1974, St ructure of the fault systems in the Illinoi s-Kentucky fluorspar district: in Hutcheson , D. W. [ed.], A symposium on the geology of fl uorspar: Kentucl Johnson , R. W. , Jr. , C. Haygood, T. G. Hi l denbrand, W. J. Hi nze, and M. Kunselman, 1980 , Aeromagnetic map of the east-central midcontinent ofP. the United States : U.S. Nuclear Regul atory Commi ssion NUREG/CR-1662, 12 p. Jones, P. B., and J. L. Sexton, 1982, Evidence from seismic reflecti on data and sy nthet ic sei smoyram model studies for recu rrent faulting in the New Madrid area: Geol ogical Society of Ame ri ca Abstracts wi th Programs , v. 14, no. 5, p. 263. Jones , P. B. , 1982 , Evi dence from high resol ution sei smi c data for recurrent faulting in the New Madrid Sei smi c Zone: M.S. th�sis, Purdue Univers ity, W. Lafayette, IN. Kane , M. F., 1977, Correlation of major eastern earthquake epicenters with mafic/ultramafic basement masses : U.S. Geol ogical Survey Professional Paper 1028-0 , p. 199-204. Kane, M. F., T. G. Hi l denbrand , and J. D. Hendricks, 1981, A model for the tectonic evol ution of the Mississippi Embayment and its contemporary seismi city: Geology, v. 9, p. 563-567. Kel ler, G. R., D. R. Russel l, W. J. Hi nze, J. E. Reed, and P. J. Geraci , 1980 , Bouguer gravity-anoma ly map of the east-central midconti nent of the United States : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssion NUREG/CR-1663, 12 p. Kel ler, G. R., E. G. Lidiak, W. J. Hinze, and L. W. Braile, 1983, The role of ri fting in the tectonic devel opment of the midcontinent, U.S.A.: Tectonophysics, v. 94 , p. 391-412. Kersting, J. J., 1982, The pet rology and petrography of the Mt. Simon and pre Mt . Simon sandstones ; evidence for possible Precambri an rifting in the central mi dconti nent: M.S. thesis, Uni versity of Pittsbu rgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvani a. Kl emme , H. D., 1980 , Petrol eum basins - classifi cations and characteri stics: Jou rnal of Pet rol eum Geology , v. 3, no. 2, p. 187-207 . Kurita, T., 1973, Regi onal variations in the structure of the crust in the United States from P-wave spect ra: Bul letin of the Seismol ogical Soci ety of Ameri ca, v. 63, p. 1663-1687. Lidiak, E. G ., 1982, Basement rocks of the mai n interi or basins of the Midcon tinent: in P. D. Proctor et al . [eds.], Selected structural basins of the Midcontinent , USA: University of Mi ssou ri -Rol la Jou rnal , no. 3,· p. 5-24 . 69 Long, L. T., 1976, Speculations concerning southeastern earthquakes , mafic intrusion, gravity anomal ies, and stress amplification: Earthquake Notes, v. 47, p. 29-35. Mccamy , K. , and R. P. Meyer, 1966 , Crustal results of fixed mul tipl e shots in the Mississippi Embayment : in J. S. Stei nhart and J. Smith [eds.], The Earth Beneath the Continents:- Geophysical Monographl., Ameri can Geophysical Union, v. 10, p. 370-381. McKeown, F. A. , 1978, Hypothesis - Many earthquakes in the central and southeastern United States are causal ly rel ated to mafic intrusive bodies: U.S. Geological Survey Jou rnal of Research , v. 6, p. 41-50. McKeown , F. A. , and L. C. Pakisar [eds.], 1982, Investigati ons of the New Madrid, Mi ssou ri , earthquake region: U.S. Geol ogical Survey Professional Paper 1236, 201 p. McKeown , F., 1984 , New Madrid Sei smi � Zone: Part 1: Historical Review of Studies and Part II: Contemporary Studies by the U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey : in P. L. Gori and W. W. Hays [eds.], Proceedi ngs of the Symposium on 11The New Madrid Seismic Zone11 : U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey Open Fi le Report 84-770. Mitchel l, B. J., and B. M. Hashim, 1977, Sei smic vel ocity determinations in the New Madrid seismic zone: A new method using local earthquakes : Bul letin of the Sei smol ogical Soci ety of America, v. 67 , p. 413-424. Mooney, W. D., M. C. Andrews , A. Ginzburg , D. A. Peters , and R. M. 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Lumm , 1986c, Geol ogic map of the Rudiment Quadrangl e, Sal ine County , Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Geological Quad rangle Map IGQ-3. Nuttli, O. W. , 1973, The Mississippi Val ley earthq uakes of 1811 and 1812 - Intensities, ground motion, and magnitudes : Bul letin of the Sei smologi cal Society of Ame ri ca, v. 63 , p. 227-248 . 70 Nuttl i, O. W., 1979, Sei smi city in the Central United States : in Geol ogy in the siting of nucl ear power plants: Geol ogical Society of America Reviews in Enginee ri ng Geol ogy, v. 4, p. 67-93. Nuttl i, O. W. , 1982 , Damaging earthquakes of the central Mississippi Val ley: in F. A. McKeown and L. C. Pakiser [eds.], Investigations of the New Madrid, Mls souri , Earthquake Regi on : U.S. Geol ogical Su rvey Professional Paper 1236, p. 15-20 . Ocal a, L. D., and R. P. Meyer, 1973, Central North Ame ri can Rift System : 1. Structure of the Axial Zone from Seismic and Gravimetric Data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 78, p. 5173-5194. Quinlan, G. M., and C. Beaumont, 1984, Appalachi an thru sting, lithospheri c fl exu re and the Paleozoic stratigraphy of the eastern interior of North Ameri ca: Canadi an Jou rnal of Earth Science, v. 21, p. 973-996. Ravat , D. N. , 1984 , Magnetic investigati ons in the St . Louis Arm of the New Madri d Rift Complex: Unpub. M.S. thesis, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, 102 p. Sbar, M. L., and L. R. Sy kes, 1973, Contemporary compressive stress and sei smi city in eastern North Ameri ca: An example of intrapl ate tectonics: Geologi cal Soci ety of Ameri ca Bul letin, v. 84 , p. 1861-1882. Schwalb, H. R., 1982 , Paleozoic geol ogy of the New Madrid area: U. S. Nucl ear Regul atory Commi ssion NUREG/CR-2909 , 61 p. Sexton , J. L., and P. B. Jones, 1981 , High resol ution sei smic refl ection surveying on Reel foot Scarp (abstract) : Geol ogical Soci ety of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, no. , p. Sexton , J. L., E. P. Frey , and D. Mal icki , 1982 , High-resolution seismi c refl ection surveyi ng on Reel foot scarp , northwestern Tennessee : in F. A. McKeown and L. C. Pakiser [eds.], Investigations of the New Madri"d'; Missou ri , Earthquake Regi on: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1236 , p. 137-150. Sexton , J. L., L. W. Brai le, W. J. Hinze, and M. J. Campbel l, 1986 , Sei smi c refl ections profi ling studies of a buried Precambri an rift beneath the. Wabash Val ley Fault Zone: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 3, p. 640-660. Sleep, N. H., J. A. Nunn, and Lei Chou , 1980 , Pl atform basins: Annual Review of Ea rth and Planetary Sci ences , v. 8, p. 17-34. Sloss, L. L., 1986, The Midconti nent Provi nce: United States: Decade of North Ame ri can Geol ogy, Geol ogical Soci ety of America, p. 27-39 . Soderberg , R. K., and G. R. Kel ler, 1981, Geophysical evidence for deep basin in western Kentucky : American Associ at ion of Petrol eum Geologists Bu. l letin, v. 65 , p. 226-234 . St . John, Bi ll, A. W. Bal ly, and H. D. Kl emme , 1984 , Sedimentary provinces of the world - hydrocarbon productive and nonproduct ive: American Association of Pet rol eum Geol ogists, Tul sa, Okl ahoma . 71 Staude r, Wi lliam, 1982 , Present-day sei smi city and identification of active faults in the New Madrid seismic zone, in F. A. McKeown and L. C. Pakiser [eds.], Investigations of the New Madrid, Missouri , Earthquake Region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1236 , p. 21-30. Stauder, Wi lliam, M. Kramer, G. Fischer, S. Schaefer and T. Mo rrissey, 1976, Seismic characteristics of southeast Missouri as s.in dicated by a regional tel emetered mi croearthquake array: Bul letin of the Sei smol ogi cal Soci ety of America, v. 66, p. 1953-1964. Sykes , L. R. , 1978 , Intrapl ate sei smi city, reactivation of preexisti ng zones of weakness, alkaline magmatism, and other tectonism postdating conti nental fragmentation: Geophysics and Space Physics Review, v. 16, p. 621-688. Trace, R. D. , 1974 , Illinois-Kentucky flu orspar district: in Hutcheson, D. W., [ed.], A symposium on the geol ogy of fl uorspar: Kentucky Geologi cal Survey Seri es X, Speci al Publ i cation 22, p. 58-76. Trace , R. D., and D. H. Amos , 1984 , Strati graphy and structure of the Western Kentucky Fluorspar District: U.S. Geol ogical Survey Professional Paper 1151-0, 41 p. Zartman, R. E., M. R. Brock , A. V. Heyl , and H. H. Thomas , 1967 , K-Ar and Rb Sr ages of some al kal ic intrusive rocks from central and eastern United States: Ameri can Jou rnal of Science, v. 265, p. 848-870. Zoback, M. D., R. M. Hami lton, A. J. Crone, D. P. Russ, F. A. McKeown, and S. R. Brockman, 1980 , Recurrent intraplate tectonism in the New Mad ri d Sei smi c Zone: Science, v. 209 , p. 971-976. Zoback , M. L., and M. D. Zoback , 1981 , State of stress in the contermi nous United States : Science, v. 213, p. 96-104. 72 BUDGET EXPLANATION The fol lowi ng two and one-half year budget is keyed to the site definition Schedule of Activiti es, ta bl e IV. The Board of Trustees of the Universi ty of Illinois at Ur bana-Champaign wi ll be prime contractor for the site defi nition· research on behalf of the Illinois State Geological Survey . The Uni versity's Grants and Contracts administration wi ll have pri ncipal responsibility for business affairs for the project. The Illinois State Geological Survey will function as technical manager assuring that all technical reports are prepared and del i vered as required. Specific research projects such as the refl ection and refraction seismic, gravity, magnetic and magnetotel luric studies will be handled as subcontracts to Argonne National Laboratory, Purdue Uni versi ty, Northern Illinois Uni versity, Southern Illinois Uni versity, Uni versity of Pi ttsburgh, the Uni versity of Texas-El Paso and the Uni ted States Geological Survey. The proposed management plan, Figure 25, provides a single point of contact for both financial and technical administration . Under Federal accounting procedures most of the costs of the research subcontracts are excluded from the base for indirect cost recovery, thus the unifi ed proje·ct management system introduces small additional cost, i.e. 4 percent o-f the total cost. The fol lowing Budget Summaries list annual detailed costs for technical project administration by the Illinois State Geological Survey, the Site Defi nition Steering Group and the Site Defi nition Advisory Panel and total costs of research subcontracts and associ ated indirect costs . Totals listed for each subcontractor incl ude institutional indirect costs . The detailed budgets fol lowi ng the annual budget summaries list the tasks to be performed by each subcontractor . The site sel ection program is expected to require about 2 1/2 years and to cost approximatel y $3.8 million. Costs are prel iminary and subject to further negotiation in part because geophysical contract pri ces can not be hel d to cost estimates if the economics of the oil and gas industry improve and because determination of indirect costs is dependent upon the source of funds and the timing of appropriations. 72 a BUDGET - SITE DEFINITION - ILLINOIS BASIN ULTRADEEP DRILLHOLE Year 1 IBUD Project Admi nistration - ISGS Personnel Admi nistrative Assistant $ 27 ,000 Cl eri cal assistance 20 ,000 Benefits @ 14 .625% 6,900 TOTAL SALARIES , WAGES BENEFITS $ 53 ,900 & Operating Costs Travel 5,000 Materi als Suppl ies 3,500 Servi ces & Tel ecommunications 4,000 Temporary workers 2,000 Preparation of reports 3,000 Qual ity Control Consultant Fees - 25 ,000 Sti pends for Workshop 0 Non-Empl oyee Travel : Site Defi nition Steeri ng Group 7,500 Site Defi nition Advisory Panel 17 ,000 TOTAL OPERATING COSTS 67 ,000 Research Di rected by ISGS - Hei gol d, Nel son 57 ,000 Resea rch Subcontracting Costs Purdue University - Hi nze 30 ,000 Purdue University - Braile 340 ,000 SIU - Sexton 948 ,000 UTEP - Kel ler 75 ,000 NIU - Ervin 85 ,500 USGS - Stanley 125 ,000 USGS - Hi l denbrand 75 ,000 Pittsburg - Lidiak 35 ,000 u. Argonne Laboratory - McGinnis 30 ,000 Rice University - Vail 26 ,000 TOTAL RESEARCH SUBCONTRACT COSTS 1,769 ,500 TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 1,947 ,400 Modi fied Total Di rect Costs 427 ,900 Indirect Costs 49% of MTDC 209 ,700 @ TOTAL COSTS $2 ,157 ,100 73 BUDGET - SITE DEFINITION - ILLINOIS BAS IN ULTRADEEP DRILLHOLE Year 2 IBUD PROJECT ADMINISTRATION - ISGS Personnel Admi nistrative Assistant $30 ,250 Cleri cal assi stance 22 ,400 Benefi ts 14 .6253 7,700 TOTAL SALARIES,@ WAGES BENEFITS $ 60 ,350 & Operating Costs Travel 7,000 Materials Suppl ies 6,500 Servi ces & Tel ecommunicati ons 5,000 Temporary workers 2,000 Preparation of Reports 7,000 Qual ity Control Consultant Fees 17 ,000 Stipends for Workshop 0 Non-Empl oyee Travel Site Defi nition Steeri ng Group 10 ,000 Site Defi nition Advisory Panel 20 ,000 TOTAL OPERATING COSTS 74,500 Research Di rected by ISGS - Hei gold, Nel son 60 ,500 Research Subcontracting Costs Purdue University - Hi nze 33 ,000 Purdue University - Braile 75 ,000 SIU - Sexton 465 ,000 UTEP - Kel ler 75 ,000 NIU - Ervin 40 ,250 USGS - Stanl ey 50 ,000 USGS - Hi l denbrand 100 ,000 Pittsburgh - Lidiak 20 ,000 u.Argon ne Laboratory - McGinnis 52 ,500 Rice University - Vail 26 ,000 TOTAL RESEARCH SUBCONTRACT COSTS 936 ,750 TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 1,132 , 100 Modified Total Direct Costs 195,350 Indi rect Costs @ 49% of MTDC 95 ,750 TOTAL COSTS $1 ,227 ,850 74 BUDGET - SITE DEFINITION - ILLINOIS BAS IN ULTRADEEP DRILLHOLE Year 3 IBUD PROJECT ADMINISTRATION - ISGS Personnel Admi nistrative Assistant $33 ,900 Conference Admi nistrator 2,000 Cl eri cal assistance 25 ,100 Benefits @ 14.625% 8,950 TOTAL SALARIES , WAGES BENEFITS $ 69 ,950 & Operating Costs Travel 5,000 Materi als Suppl ies 7,000 & Services Telecommunications 5,500 Temporary workers 2,500 Preparation of Reports 8,000 Qual ity Control Consultant Fees 2,000 Sti pends for Workshop 20 ,000 Non-Employee Travel : Site Defi nition Steeri ng Group 8,000 Site Defi nition Advisory Panel 10,000 TOTAL OPERATING COSTS 68,000 Research Di rected by ISGS - Heigold, Nel son 30 ,500 Research Subcontracting Costs Purdue University - Hinze 17 ,000 Purdue Univers ity - Brai le 35 ,000 SIU - Sexton 35 ,000 . UTEP - Ke er 35 ,000 NIU - Ervi11n 35 ,000 USGS - Stanley 0 USGS - Hil denbrand 0 U. Pittsburgh - Lidiak 0 Argonne Laboratory - McGi nnis 15,000 Rice University - Vail 13 ,000 TOTAL RESEARCH SUBCONTRACT COSTS 185,000 TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 353 ,450 Modified Total Direct Costs 168 ,450 Indi rect Costs 493 of MTDC 82,550 @ .,;:. TOTAL COSTS $436 ,000 75 BUDGET - SITE DEFINITION - ILLINOIS BASIN ULTRADEEP DRILLHOLE SUMMARY Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 TOTALS Total Sal ari es , Wages Benefits 53 ,900 60 ,350 69 ,950 184 ,200 & Total Operating Costs 67 ,000 74 ,500 68 ,000 209 ,500 Resea rch Oi rected by ISGS 57 ,000 60 ,500 30 ,500 148 ,000 Total Research Subcontract Costs 1,769 ,500 936 ,750 185 ,000 2,891 ,250 TOTAL DIRECT COSTS 1,947 ,400 1,132 ,100 353 ,450 3,432 ,950 Indi rect Costs 49% of MTDC 209 ,700 95 ,750 82 ,550 388 ,000 � TOTAL COSTS $2 , 157 ,100 $1 ,227 ,850 $436 ,000 $3 ,820 ,950 76 BUDGET DETAIL Research Di rected by ISGS ( Heigold and Nel son) $57 ,000 Year 1 Detailed pl anning for field operations, data processing, model ing, and interp retation Regi onal areal gravity and ground magnetic surveys of Hub site and peri phery Regional gravity and ground magnetic surveys along regional seismic refl ecti on profi les Input and integration of regional stratigraphic and structural mappi ng, wel l logs and core and cutti ngs data TOTAL DIRECT COSTS $57 ,000 Indi rect Costs at 49% of MTDC $28,000 Year 2 Detai led planning for fiel d operations, data processing, model ing, and interpretation Local i zed areal gravity, and ground magnetic surveys of smal l area wi thin Hub site. Local ized gravity and ground magnetic surveys along detailed sei smi c refl ection profi les Input and integrati on of regional stratigraphic and structural mapping , wel l logs and core and cutti ngs data TOTAL DIRECT COSTS $60,500 Indi rect Costs at 49% of MTDC $29 ,600 Year 3 Integration of potential field data with other geophysical studi es to obtain consistent , compatible interpretations among all geophysi cal disci pl ines Integration of regional stratigraphi c and structural mappi ng, well logs and core and cutting data with geophysical data TOTAL DIRECT COSTS $30 ,500 Indi rect Costs at 49% of MTDC $15,000 77 Resea rch and Admi ni strative Subcontract to Pu rdue ( Hi nze) Yea r 1 Chai rman of Steering Committee ; Supervision of related functions of site sel ection sci entists, interp retation of potential field data $30 ,000 I ndi rect costs to UIUC $12 ,500 Year 2 Chai rman of Steeri ng Committee; Supervision of rel ated funct ions of site selection sci entists, interp retati on of potential field data $33,000 Year 3 Chai rman of Steeri ng Committee ; Supervision of rel ated functions of site selection scientists, interp retation of potential field data $17,000 Research Subcontract to Purdue ( Braile) Year 1 Crustal Refraction Data Data Recording Subcontract $100 ,000 Wi de-angle reflection 75 ,000 Deep Refl ection Data Data Acquisition Subcontract 60 ,000 Data Processing Subcont ract 30 ,000 University Research Support 75,000 TOTAL $340 , 000 I ndi rect costs to UIUC 12,250 Year 2 Processing, model ling, and interp retation of seismic data Research $50 ,000 I ndi rect costs associated with subcontracts to sei smi c recording companies and to UTEP and SIU 25,000 TOTAL $75,000 78 Year 3 Integration of seismic data wi th other geophysical studies to obtai n consistent , compatible interp retat ions among al l geophysical discipl ines TOTAL $35 ,000 Research Subcontract to SIU ( Sexton) Year 1 Regional Refl ection Data Data acquisition subcont ract $612,000 Data processing subcontract 261 ,000 Uni versity Research Support 75 ,000 TOTAL $948,000 Indi rect costs to UIUC $12,250 Year 2 Detailed Reflecti on Data Data acquisition subcontract $264,000 Data processing subcontract 126 ,000 Uni versity Research Support 75,000 TOTAL $465,000 Year 3 Integration of seismi c data wi th other geophysical studies to obtai n consistent , compatible interp retations among all geophysi cal discipl i nes TOTAL $35,000 Research Subcont ract to UTEP ( Kel ler) Year 1 Detai led planning field operations, processing, model ling, and interp retation of seismi c data TOTAL $75,000 Indirect costs to UIUC $12,250 79 Yea r 2 Detai led planning for fi eld operati ons, processing, model ling, and interp retation of seismi c data TOTAL : $75,000 Year 3 Integrati on of seismic data with other geophysi cal studies to obtai n consistent , compatible interp retation among al l geophysical discipl ines TOTAL $35,000 Research Subcontract to NIU ( Ervin ) Year 1 Regional gravity and ground magnetic survey of the Hub site and its peri phery $36 ,800 Gravity and ground magnetic survey along regional sei smi c along regional seismi c refl ection lines 17,000 Processing and interpretation of regional gravity and ground ma gnet ic surveys 31 ,700 TOTAL $85 , 500 Indi rect Costs to UIUC 12 ,250 Year 2 Local ized gravity ground magnetic survey $23,000 & Processing and interpretation of local i zed gravity and ground magnetic surveys 17 ,250 TOTAL $40 , 250 Year 3 Integration of potenti al field data with other geophysical data to obtain consistent, compatible interpretations among all geophysical discipli nes. TOTAL $35,000 80 Research Subcontract to USGS ( Stanley ) Year 1 Magnetotel luri c soundings along regional seismic refl ection lines (250 km) TOTAL $125,000 Indi rect costs to UIUC $12 ,250 Year 2 Magnetotel luric soundi ngs along detailed seismic reflection lines (50 kil ometers ) TOTAL $50,000 Resea rch Subcontract to USGS ( Hi l denbrand ) Year 1 Preparat i on of basic gravity and magnet ic anomaly maps and enhanced anomaly and maps $ 25,000 Preparati on of general i zed depth to crystalline basement map 35,000 Col l ection of truck-mounted ground magneti c data 15,000 TOTAL $75,000 Indi rect cost to UIUC $12,250 Year 2 Detailed model ing of potential field data $40 ,000 Integration and combi ned interp retations of al l geophysical data 60,000 TOTAL : $100,000 Research Subcontract to U. of Pittsbu rgh ( Lidiak ) Year 1 Basement geol ogy studi es, integrati on of mi dconti nent basement data TOTAL $35 ,000 Indi rect costs to UIUC $12,250 81 Year 2 Basement geol ogy studies integration of midcont i nent basement data TOTAL $20 ,000 Research Subcontract to Argonne Nati onal Lab ( McGinnis) Year 1 Pl anning, model ing, interpretation and integration of refract ion and refl ection data with other geophysical and geol ogical information TOTAL $30 ,000 Indi rect costs to UIUC $12 ,500 Year 2 Pl anning, model ing, interpretation and integration of ref raction and refl ection data with ot her geophysical and geological information TOTAL $52 ,500 Year 3 Planning, model ing, interpretation and integration of refract ion and refl ection data with other geophysical and geol ogi cal information TOTAL $15,000 Research Subcontract to Rice University ( Vai l ) Year 1 Interpretation of wel l data and regional and detailed sei smic reflection data wi th emphasis on sequence stratigraphy in order to acqui re maximum data from Hub site TOTAL $26 ,000 I ndi rect cost to UIUC $12,500 82 Year 2 Interpretation of wel l data and regi onal and detailed sei smic refl ecti on data with emphasis on sequence stratigraphy in order to acqui re maximum data from Hub site TOTAL $26 ,000 Year 3 Interpretati on of wel l data and regional and detailed sei smic refl ection data with emphasis on sequence stratigraphy in order to acqui re maximum data from Hub site TOTAL $13,000 83 VITA LAWRENCE W. BRAI LE PERSONAL Present Position: Professor, Department of Geosciences , Purdue Uni versity Offi ce Phone: (317) 494-3259 Offi ce Address : Department of Geosciences Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 Home Address: 1509 Woodland Avenue West Lafayette, IN 47906 Place of Bi rth: Seattle, Washington Date of Bi rth : March 21, 1947 EDUCATION 1969 University of Washington ; BS 1970 University of Washington ; MS 1973 University of Utah ; Ph.D. PROFESSIONAL EXPERI ENCE 1969-1970 Teaching Assistant , Uni versity of Washington 1970-1973 NSF Graduate Trainee in Geophysics, University of Utah 8 9/71 and Graduate Research Asst . in Seismology, University of Utah 9 & 10/72 1973-19& 78 Asst. Professor, Dept . of Geosciences, Purdue University 1978-1983 Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Geosciences, Purdue University 1983-Present Professor, Department of Geosciences, Purdue Uni versity AWARDS, HONORS AND APPOI NTMENTS National Science Foundation Graduate Traineeshi p in Geophysics, Uni versity of Utah, 1970-1973 Co-General Chai rman, Midwest Ameri can Geophysical Union Meeting, 1977 Associ ate Editor, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1982-1985 Editorial Advisory Board , Earthquake Notes, 1982-Present Appoi nted to 3 year term (1983-1986) on the Commi ttee on Sei smol ogy of the National Research Counci l, National Academy of Sc iences 84 PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Ame rican Geophysical Union Geologi cal Soci ety of Ameri ca Sei smological Society of America Soci ety of Exploration Geophysicists MAJ OR RESEARCH INTERESTS Crustal seismi c studies Appli cations of quantitative analysis methods in geology and geophysics Sei smotectonics of mi dconti nental North Ameri ca. PUBLICATIONS Brai le, L. W. 1973. Inversi on of Crustal Seismi c Refraction and Reflection Data. J. Geophys. Res., 78, 7738-7744. Brai le, L. W. , G. R. Keller and W. J. Peeples . 1974. Inversion of Gravity Data for Two-Dimensional Density Di stri butions. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2017-2021. Brai le, L. W. , R. B. Smi th, G. R. Kel ler, R. M. Welch and R. P. Meyer. 1974. Crustal St ructure across the Wasatch Front from Detai led Sei smi c Refraction Studies. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2669-2677. Brai le, L. W. and R. B. Smi th. 1975. Guide to the Interp retation of Crustal Refraction Profi les. Geophys. J. Roy . Astr. Soc., 40 , 145-176. Brai le, L. W. and G. R. Kel ler. 1975. Fine St ructure of the Crust Inferred from Li near Inversion of Raylei gh Wave Di spersion. Bull. Seism. Soc . Am ., 65, 71-83. Kel ler, G. R. , R. B. Smith and L. W. Brai le. 1975. Crustal structure along the Great Basin - Colorado Plateau Transition from Seismi c Refract ion Studies. J. Geophys. Res ., 80 , 1093-1098. Sm i th, R. B., L. W. Brai le and G. R. Kel ler. 1975. Upper-crustal Low Velocity Layers : Possi ble Effect of Hi gh Temperatures over a Mantle Upward at the Basin-Range - Col orado Plateau Transition. Earth and Planetarv Science Letters , 28 , 197-204. Kel ler, G. R., R. B. Smi th, L. W. Brai le, R. Heaney and D. H. Shurbet . 1976. Upper Crustal St ructure of the Eastern Basin-Range , Northern Colorado Plateau and Middle Rocky .Mountains. Bul l. Seism. Soc. Am ., 66, 869-876. Young, G. B. and L. W. Brai le. 1976. A Computer Program for the Appli cation of Zoeppritz's Amplitude Equations and Knott 's Energy Equations. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am ., 66 , 1881-1885. Braile, L. W. 1977. Interp retation of Crustal Velocity Gradients and Q- 85 St ructure using Ampl i tude-Corrected Seismic Refraction Profi les. Geophysical Monograph 20, American Geophysical Union, 427-439. Brai le, L. W. 1978. Compari son of Four Random to Grid Methods. Computers and Geosciences, 4, 341-349. · Kel ler, G. R. , L. Brai le and J. W. Schl ue. 1979. Regi onal Crustal St ructures ofw. the Rio Grande Rift from Surface Wave Di spersion on Measurements, in Ri o Grande Ri ft: Tectonics and Magmat ism Am . Geophys. Uni on Monograph, 115-126. ·Kel ler, G. R. , L. W. Brai le and P. Morgan. 1979. Crustal St ructure, Geophysical Models and Contemporary Tectoni sm of the Col orado Pl ateau . Tectonophysics, 61 , 131-147 . Hinze, W. J., L. W. Brai le, G. R. Keller and E. G. Li diak. 1979. Model s for Mi dcontinent Tectonism, in Continental Tectonics National Acad. Sci ., 73-83. Olsen , K. H. , L. W. Brai le and P. A. Johnson . 1980 . Seismi c Vel ocity and Q-Structure of the Upper Mantle Lid and Low Velocity Zone for the Eastern Great Basin. Geophys. Res. Letters , 7, 1029-1032. Chandler, V. W., J. S. Koski , W. J. Hi nze and L. W. Brai le. 1981. Correlation of Gravity and Magnetic Anomal ies by Internal Correspondence Analysi s. Geophysics, 46, 30-39 . Olsen , K. H. and L. W. Brai le. 1981. Se i smograms of Explosions at Regional Di stances in the Western United States: Observations and Reflectivity Method Modeling, in Identification of Sei smi c Sources - Earthquake or Underground Explosi on (ed. by E. S. Husebye and S. My kkeltveit), Rei del , New York, 453-466. von Frese, R. R. B. , W. J. Hi nze and L. W. Brai le. 1981. Spherical Earth Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Analysis by Equivalent Poi nt Source Inversion. Earth and Pl anet . Sci . Letters , 53 , 69-83. von Frese, R. R. B., W. J. Hinze, L. W. Brai le and A. J. Luca. 1981. Spheri cal Earth Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Model ing by GaussLegendre Quadrature Integration. J. Geophys., 49 , 234-242. Brai le, L. W. 1981 . Interpretation of Crustal Velocity Gradi ents and Q Structure using Amplitude Corrected Refraction Profi les, in Seismi c Wave At tenuat ion (ed. by M. N. Toksoz and D. H. Johnston), Geophysics Reprint Series No. 2, 339-351 , (repri nted from AGU Monogr. 20, 1977) . Brai le, L. W. , W. J. Hinze, G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Li diak. 1982. The . Northeastern Extension of the New Madrid Sei smic Zone, U.S. Geol . Su rvey Professional Paper No . 1236 , 173-184. von Frese, R. R. B., W. J. Hinze and L. W. Brai le. 1982. Regi onal North Ameri can Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Correlations. Geophys. J. Roy . 86 Astr. Soc., 69 , 745-761. von Frese, R. R. B., W. J. Hi nze, J. L. Sexton and L. W. Brai le. 1982 . Veri fication of the Crustal Component in Satel lite Magnetic Data. Geophys. Res . Letters , 9, 293-295. Hinze, W. J., R. R. B. von Frese, M. B. Longacre , L. W. Brai le, E. G. Lidi ak and G. R. Kel ler. 1982. Regi onal Magnetic and Gravity Anomalies of South Ameri ca. Geophys. Res . Letters , 9, 314-317. Russell, R., G. R. Keller and L. W. Brai le. 1982. A Technique to DeteO.rmi ne the Three Dimensional Attitude and True Velocity of a Refractor. Geophysics, 47 , 1331-1334. Sexton , J. L. , W. J. Hi nze, R. R. B. von Frese and L. W. Brai le. 1982. Long-wavelength Aeromagnetic Anomaly Map of the Contermi nous U.S.A. Geology , 10, 364-369. Braile, L. W. , R. B. Smi th, J. Ansorge , M. R. Baker, M. A. Sparl in, C. Prodehl , M. M. Schi lly, J. H. Healy, St � Mueller, and K. H. Olsen. 1982. The Yel l owstone-Snake River Plain Seismic Profi ling Experiment : Crustal St ructure of the Eastern Snake River Plain. J. Geophys. Res., 87 , 2597-2609. Baker, M. R., L. W. Brai le and R. B. Smi th. 1982. Amplitude Normali zation of Sei smograms from Multi ple Sei smograph Recordi ng Systems for the Yel l owstone-Snake Ri ver Plain Seismic Refraction Experiment . J. Geophys. Res., 87 , 2611-2618. Schilly, M. M., R. B. Smi th, L. W. Brai le and J. Ansorge . 1982 . The 1978 Yel l owstone-Eastern Snake River Plain Sei smic Profi ling Experiment : Data and Detai led Crustal St ructure of the Yellowstone Regi on. J. Geophys. Res., 87 , 2692-2704. Lehman , J. A. , R. B. Smi th, M. M. Schilly and L. W. Brai le. 1982. Upper Crustal St ructure of Yel l owstone from Seismi c and Gravity Observations. J. Geophys. Res., 87 , 2713-2730 . Smi th, R. B., M. M. Schilly, L. W. Braile, J. Ansorge, J. L. Lehman, M. R. Baker, C. Prodehl, J. H. Healy, St . Muel ler and R. W. Greensfelder. 1982 . The 1978 Yel l owstone-Eastern Snake River Plain Seismic Profi ling Experiment : Crustal St ructure of the Yellowstone Region and Experiment Design. J. Geophys. Res., 87 , 2583-2596. Sparl in, M. A. , L. W. Brai le and R. B. Smi th. 1982. Crustal St ructure of the Eastern Snake River Plain Determined from Ray-Trace Modeling of Sei smi c Refraction Data. J. Geophys. Res ., 87 , 2619-2633 . Black, P . R. and L. W. Brai le. 1982. Pn Velocity and Cooling of the Continental Lithosphere . J. Geophys. Res., 87 , 10557-10568. Braile, L. W., G. R. Kel ler, W. J. Hi nze and E. G. Lidiak. 1982. An Ancient Ri ft Complex and its Relation to Contemporary Seismi city in the New Madrid Sei smi c Zone. Tectonics, 1, 225-237. 87 Smith, R. B. and L. W. Brai le. 1982 . Crustal St ructure and Evolution of an Explosive Volcanic Sy stem at Yel lowstone National Park , Wyom. Geol . Assoc. Gui debook , Thi rty-thi rd Annual Field Conference , 233-250, ( repri nted from Explosive Volcanism) . Banda, E., N. Di echmann, L. W. Braile and J. Ansorge. 1982. Ampl i tude Study of the Pg Phase. J. Geophys., 51, 153-164. Brai le, L. W. , W. J. Hinze, J. L. Sexton , G . R. Kel ler and E. G. Li diak. 1982 . Sei smi city and Tectoni cs of the Mi dconti nent United States , Proceedings Thi rd International Earthquake Mi crozonation Conference , Seattle, Washington, June 28-July 1, 1982, 25-38 . Ansorge, J., C. Prodehl, D. Bamford , wi th contri butions by E. Banda , E. N. Bessonova, L. W. Brai le, V. M. Fishman, E. Fluh, V. S. Geyko, P. Gi ese, D. P. Hi ll, J. G. Jurov, I. P. Kosmi nskaya, W. D. Mooney , G. Mul ler, St . Mueller, S. Mykkeltveit, J. A. Orcutt, N. I. Pavlenkova , E. L. Reznikov, G. A. Sitnikova and R. B. Whitmarsh. 1982 . Comparat ive Interp retation of Explosion Seismi c Data. J. Geophysics, 51, 69-84, 1982 . Olsen , K. H., L. W. Brai le and J. N. Stewart . 1983. Model ing Short-Period Crustal Phases ( P, Lg) for Long Range Refraction Profi les. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 31 , 334-347 . Kel ler, G. R., E. G. Lidiak , W. J. Hi nze and L. W. Brai le. 1983. The Role of Rifting in the Tectonic Development of the Mi dcontinent , U.S.A. Tectonophysics, 94, 391-412. Smi th, R. B. and W. Brai le. 1984. Crustal St ructure and Evolution of an Explosive SiL.lic ic Volcanic Sy stem at Yel l owstone National Park, in Explosive Vol canism, Inception, Evolution and Hazards, edited by F. R. Boyd, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 96-109. Chiang, C. S. and L. W. Brai le. 1984. An Example of Two-Dimensional Synthetic Sei smog ram Modeling, Bull. Sei sm . Soc. Am ., 74, 509-519. Li di ak, E. G., W. J. Hi nze, G. R. Kel ler, J. E. Reed , L. W. Brai le and R. W. Johnson. 1985. Geologic Si gnificance of Regional Gravity and Magnetic Anomal ies in the East-Central Mi dcontinent , in The Uti lity of Regional Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Maps, edited by W. J. Hi nze, Soc. of Explor. Geophysici sts, Tu lsa, 287-307 . Brai le, L. W. and C. Chiang. 1985. The Continental Mohorovicic Di scontinuity: Res. sults from Near-Vertical and Wide-Angle Sei smi c Reflection Studies, in Reflection Sei smol ogy: A Global Perspective, AGU Geodynami cs Series , v. 13, edited by M. Barazangi and L. Brown , Amer. Geophys. Union, Wash. D.C., 257-272. Sexton , J. L., L. W. Brai le, W. J. Hinze and M. J. Campbel l. 1986. Seismi c Reflection Profi ling Studies of a Buri ed Precambri an Rift Beneath the Wabash Val ley Fault Zone, Geophysics, v. 51 , 640-660. Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hi nze, J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 88 1986. Tectonic Development of the New Madrid Ri ft Complex, Mi ssissippi Embayment , North Ameri ca, Tectonophysics, in press. Hi nze, W. J. and L. W. Brai le. 1986 . Geophysical Aspects of the Craton, submitted to GSA-DNAG volume, The Midcontinent Province : United States. Olsen, K. H., L. W. Brai le, J. N. Stewart , C. R. Daudt , G. R. Kel ler, L. A. Ankeny and J. J. Wolff. 1986. The Jemez Mountai ns Volcanic Field, New Mexi co: Time Term Interp retat ion of the CARDEX Seismi c Experiment and Comparison with Bouguer Gravity, J. Geophys. Res., v. 91, 6175-6187. Ankeny , L. A. , L. W. Brai le and K. H. Ol sen. 1986. Upper Crustal Structure Beneath the Jemez Mountai ns Volcanic Field, New Mexico Determi ned by Three-Dimensional Si multaneous Inversion of Seismic Refraction and Earthquake Data, J. Geophys. Res., v. 91, 6188-6198. OTHER PUBLICATIONS, ABSTRACTS AND REPORTS Brai le, L. W. 1970. The Isostatic Condition and Crustal St ructure of Mount Sai nt Helens as Determi ned from Gravity Data. M.S. Thesi s, University of Washi ngton , Seattle, Washington , 37 pages. Brai le, L. W. 1973. Sei smi c Interpretation of Crustal St ructures Across the Wasatch Front and Applications of Geophysical Data Inversion. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 143 pages. Hi nze, W. J., L. W. Brai le, V. W. Chandler and F. E. Mazzel la. 1975. Combi ned Magnetic and Gravity Analysis. Final Technical Report #S-500 29A Modification No. 8, NASA Goddard Space Fli ght Center, 87 p. Hi nze , W. J., L. W. Brai le, G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 1977. A Tectonic Overvi ew of the Central Mi dcontinent. Technical Report #NUREG/CR-0382, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssion, 106 p. Chandler, W. , J. F. Koski , L. W. Brai le and W. J. Hi nze. 1977. Uti lity of Corrv. elation Techniques in Gravity and Magnetic Interpretation. Final Technical Report #NAS5-22816, NASA Goddard Space Fl i ght Center, 119 p. Brai le, L. W. , W. J. Hinze, G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 1978) . An Integrated Geophysi cal and Geologic Study of the Tectonic Framework of the 38th Paral lel Lineament in the Vi cinity of its Intersection with the Extension of the New Madrid Fault Zone. Technical Report #NUREG/CR-0449 , U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssion , 67 p. Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hinze, J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 1979. An Integrated Geophysical and Geological St udy of the Tectonic Framework of the 38th Parallel Lineament in the Vi cinity of its Intersection with the Extension of the New Madrid Fault Zone. Technical Report #NUREG/CR-1014, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssion, 191 p. Bowman, P. L., L. W. Brai le, V. W. Chandler, W. J. Hi nze, A. J. Luca and R. R. B. von Frese. 1979. Magnetic and Gravity Anomaly Correlation and 89 its Applicat ion to Satel lite Data. Technical Memorandum #79702, NASA Goddard Space Fli ght Center, 156 p. Brai le, L. W. , W. J. Hi nze, J. L. Sexton , G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 1980. An Integrated Geophysical and Geological Study of the Tectonic Framework of the 38th Paral lel Li neament in the Vi cinity of its Intersection with the Extension of the New Madrid Fault Zone. Annual Progess Report #NUREG/CR-1878, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssion , 131 p. von Frese, R. R. B. , W. J. Hi nze, L. W. Brai le and A. J. Luca. 1980. Spherical Earth Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Modeling by GaussLegendre Quadrature Integration. Technical Report #NAS5-25030, NASA Goddard Space Fli ght Center, 116 p. von Frese, R. R. B. , W. J. Hi nze and L. W. Braile. 1980 . Spherical Earth Analysis and Model ing of Lithospheri c Gravity and Magnetic Anomal ies. Technical Memorandum #80709, NASA Goddard Space Fli ght Center, 163 p. · Brai le, L. W., J. L. Sexton, K. W. Martindale and C. S. Chiang. 1982. Seismic Wave Generation and Propagat ion from Coal Mi ne Blasts at the Wri ght Mine, Warrick County, Indiana. Final Report , Contract No. J6611205, U.S. Offi ce of Surface Mi ning, 343 p. Brai le, L. W. 1982. Sy nthetic Sei smog ram Model ing, Technical Report ONR-1- 82, ONR Contract No. N00014-75-C-0972, 99 pages. Chiang, C. S. and L. W. Brai le. 1983. Guide to Sei smi c Ray Tracing (RAY2DM ) and Di sk Ray Theory (ORT) Sy nthetic Sei smogram Programs for Two-Dimensional Seismic Velocity Model s, Technical Report , ONR Cont ract N00014-82-K-033, 87 pages. Hinze, W. J., L. W. Brai le, G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 1983 . Geophysical-Geological Studies of Possible Extensions of the New Madrid Fault Zone, U.S. Nuclear Regul atory Commi ssion Technical Report NUREG/CR-3174, 88 pages. Brai le, L. W. , C. S. Chiang and C. R. Daudt . 1983 . Sy nthetic Sei smogram Calculations for Two-Dimensi onal Velocity Models, Technical Report ONR- 1-83, ONR Contract N00014-82-K-033, 80 pages. Harrison, W., O. Edgar, A. Van Luik, W. Hi nze, L. Braile, J. Kal liokoski , H. Pfannkuch, H. Wri ght , Jr. , M. Ti sue and M. Sood . 1984. Geol ogy , Hydrology , and Mineral Resou rces of Crystalline Rock Areas of the Lake Superi or Region , United St ates , Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL/ES-134, Parts 1 and 2. 90 VITA J. James Eidel PERSONAL Present Position : Principal Geologist and Head of Mi neral Resources Group Offi ce Phone: (217) 333-5116; home : (217) 328-1632 Offi ce Address: Illinoi s State Geological Survey Room 211, Natural Resou rces Bui lding 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 Date of Birth: 3 July 1936 EDUCATION 1963 University of California, Los Angeles, M.A. Geology ; 1959 University of Arizona, B.S. Geological Engineeri ng PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1966-1968 Exploration-District Geologist, Hanna Mi ning Company , Tu scon, Arizona; coordinated and applied geological , geophysical and geochemi cal techniques to porphyry copper exploration in southwestern U.S. 10/ 1968 Assessed economi c cl imate and exploration potential in Phi lippines. 1968-1969 Senior Geologist , BHP-Hanna Project , Lower Hutt , New Zealand; developed New Zealand hot spring gold model now prevalent in western U.S. ; evaluated most New Zealand gold di stri cts. 3/1970 Evaluated Hanna's southwest U.S.A. exploration program. 1970-1971 Di stri ct Geologist , BHP-Hanna Joint Venture, Lae, New Guinea; desi gned and initiated major porphyry copper exploration program that evaluated maj or portions of New Guinea Hi ghlands, North Coast , New Britain and New Hanover, int roduced gold sampling as exploration tool to BHP, and evaluated bauxite potential of Northern New Hebrides. 12/1971 Consultant , Broken Hill Propri etary, Ltd.; eval uated BHP Queensland porphyry copper/molybdenum targets; gave semi nar for BHP geologists on porphyry copper exploration and evaluation. 1972-1973 Regional Geologist, Union Oi l/Hanna Mi ni ng joint venture; completed structural geology portion of Poseidon nickel mi ne feasibi lity study , evaluated Yeel irri e uranium discovery by Western Mi ning and lake system to south; drilled predicted 91 massive sulfide occurrences , mapped greenston e belts and defi ned nickel-bearing targets in strongly lateritized terrane. 8-9/1972 Consultant Union Oi l -Hanna Joint Venture ; vi sited Canadian volcanogenic massive sulfi de deposits and wrote comparison Canadian Abitibi Sub-Province, Ontari o-Quebec with Yil garn Sub-Province , Austral ia. 1973-1976 Exploration Manager, Australian Hanna Ltd., Perth, Western Aust ral ia; initiated, designed, and managed Australian exploration program , acqui red and eval uated West Australian iron ore reserves, acqui red and evaluated new Queensland copper di stri ct. 1-2/ 1977 Consultant Hanna Mi ning; eval uated Hanna-Getty Oi l Casa Grande Proj ect prior to discovery. 1977-1978 Exploration Manager - Eastern U.S., Hanna Mi ning Company , St . Louis, Mi ssouri ; designed and establ i shed mi d-conti nent base metal exploration program, managed maj or base metal program for Hanna Mi ning and National Steel . 1978-1984 Exploration Manager - Eastern North Ameri ca , Hanna Mi ning Company , St . Loui s, Mi ssouri , and Toronto, Ontari o, Canada; initiated comparat ive economi c analysi s of on-shore U.S. oil and gas basi ns, monitored and negotiated Athabasca uranium joi nt venture, and managed mi d-conti nent base metal and oil exploration. 1984-1985 U.S. Exploration Manage r, Hanna Mi ning Company ; designed and managed gold exploration program , land acquisition, and drill program; consulted for Dow Corning Bi llie borax mi ne, and did economi c analysis of Coastal Mi ning joi nt ventures. 1985-present Principal Geologi st and Head of Mineral Resources Group, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, IL. PROFESSIONAL ORGANI ZATI ONS 1986 Member, Dept . of Conservation - Wetlands Advi sory Committee Steeri ng Committee Continental Interi or Crustal Studies Consortium, DOSECC Chai rman , Program Pol icy Committee, SEG; Funding Revi ew Pri ority Committee , SEG 1985 Vi ce President Soc . Economi c Geologi sts ; SEG Executive and Program Policy Committees 1984 GSA Committee on Committees ; SEG Program Pol icy Committee 92 1980-1985 Chai rman - Mi neral Resources Panel and Member of Continental Scientific Drilling Committee, National Academy of Sciences , National Research Counci l RECENT PUBLICATIONS Eidel , J. J. and C. Meyer, in press, Mi neral Resource Objectives of the Conti nental Scientific Drilling Commi ttee's Dedicated Dri ll Holes and Add On Science to Solve Mi neral Deposit Problems , AIME Transactions Eidel , J. J. and C. Meyer, 1985, Scientific Dri lling to Study the Roots and Margins of Hydrothermal Mi neral Sy stems ; Exploration and Observat ion of Deep Continental Crust through Drilling, Ed ., B. Raleigh, Spri nger-Verlag , Berl in, Germany , 121-129. Eidel , J. J., 1984, Mi neral Resources Research Objectives to the Continental Scienti fic Drilling Program. J. J. Eidel , Chairman, Panel on Mi neral Resources, Continental Sci entific Drilling Commi ttee, NAS/NRC , National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 56 p. Eidel , J. J. and C. Meyer, 1984 , Deep dri lling for scientific study of hydrothermal ore-formi ng sy stems [abs.] in American Geophysical Union, 1984 Fall Meeting, Dec. 3-7 , 1984, San Fransisco, EOS, Transactions, Ameri can Geophysical Union, 66 (10), p. 115-116, March 5, 1985 Bethke, P. M., and J. Eidel , 1985 , Research dri lling opportunities in ore deposits and active hydrothermal systems [abs.], EOS, v. 66, p. 371. Frost , J., J. Eidel., and J. Goodwi n, 1986 , Illinois Basin Ultradeep Drillhole: Sept . 1986, Geotimes (in press - EOS). 93 PRESENTATIONS 1985-86 Mi neral Resources In Illinois' Future (in preparation) N.I.U., Oe Kalb Industri al Mi neral Programs and Projects of the Illinois St ate Geological Survey - How they Relate to the Illinois Aggregate Producer, Illinois Association Aggregate Producers - Spri ngfield, Illinoi s Scientifi c Rationale for Illinois Basin Ultradeep Dri llhole: University of Illinoi s - C-U S.I.U. - Carbondale, IL Argonne National Labs, Argonne , IL Illinois Geological Soci ety - Fai rfield, IL DO SECC - SAC , Rapid City, S.D. 94 VITA C. PATRICK ERVI N PERSONAL Present Position: Associ ate Professor, Dept . of Geology , Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 Office Phone: (815) 753-1942 Office Address: Department of Geol ogy Northern Illinois University DeKalb, Illinoi s 60115 Place of Bi rth: Danvi lle, Illinoi s Date of Bi rth: August 5, 1943 EDUCATION 1965 Washington University, St . Louis, MO ; B.S., Physics 1968 Washington University, St. Louis, MO ; A.M., Geophysics 1972 Uni versity of Wi sconsin, Madi son , WI ; Ph.D., Geophysics PROFESSIONAL EXPERI ENCE 1981-Present : Associ ate Professor, Dept . of Geology, Northern Illinoi s University, DeKalb, Ill. 60115 1975-1981: Assi stant Professor, Dept . of Geology , Northern Illinoi s University, DeKalb, Ill. 60115 1972-1975: Research Associate, Dept . of Geology , Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Ill. 60115 1972-1973: Geophysicist (50% time) , Illinoi s Geological Survey, Urbana, IL 61820 OTHER PROFESSI ONAL ACTI VITI ES Other Professional Activities: Associ ate Editor--Geophysics for 11Geoscience Wi sconsin" (1976-85) WAE status with U.S. Geological Survey (1977-78) Associate Scientist, Dry Val ley Orflling Proj ect (1975-76) Vi s ited Paki stan Geologi cal Survey with NSF-sponsored cooperative science party (1977) Consulting geophysicist with Wi sconsin Geol ogical Survey {1978) Attended Conoco Oi l Co. sei smol ogy school (1980) Attended Harri s Corp. computer school (1983,1985) PROFESSIONAL ORGANI ZATIONS Society of Exploration Geophysicists American Geophysical Union European Associ ation of Exploration Geophysicists Geological Society of Ameri ca 95 Ameri can Association of Petroleum Geologists Sigma Xi MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS Applied geophysics, potential fields, computer appl i cations to problems in the earth sciences. PUBLI CATIONS PAPERS McGi nni s, L. D. , and Ervin, C. P. 1974. Earthquake and Block Tectonics in the Illinoi s Basin. Geology , v. 2, p. 517-519. Hammer, S. , and Ervi n, C. P.. 1975. Crater or Kett le?--A Geophysical Study . Geology, v.3, p.145-146. Ervin, C. P. , and McGinnis, L. D. 1975. Reelfoot Ri ft: Reactivated Precursor to the Mi ssissippi Embayment. Geol . Soc. Am . Bull., v. 86 , · p. 1287-1295. Ervin, C. P. , and Mudrey , M. G., Jr. 1976. Extension of a Northern Mi nnesota Lamprophyre Province by Geophysical Studies. Jr. Geophys. Res ., v. 81 , p. 4917-4922. McGi nnis, L. D. , Heigold, P. C., Ervin, C. P., and Heidari , M. 1976. The Gravity Field and Tectonics of Illinoi s. Ill. Geol . Surv. Gi re. 494, 28 p. Ervin, C. P. 1976. Reduction to the Magnetic Pole Using a Fast Fouri er Series Al gorithm. Computers and Geosciences, v. 2, p. 211-217. Ervin, C. P. 1977. Theory of the Bouguer Anomaly. Geophysics, v. 42 , p. 1468. Ervin, C. P. , and Wol f, M. G. 1977. Ground Magnet ic Studies of Volcanic Rocks in the Taylor and Wright Val leys Region. Antarctic Jr. of the U.S. , v. 12, p. 105. McGi nni s, L. D. , Wol f, M. G., Kohsmann, J. J., and Ervin, C. P. 1979. Regional Free-Ai r Gravity Anomalies and Tectonic Observations in the United States . Jr. Geophys. Res., v. 84 , p. 591-601. Pederson , D. R., Montgomery, G. E., McGi nni s, L. D., Ervin, C. P., and Wong, H. K. 1981 . Aeromagnet ic Survey of Ross Island , McMurdo Sound, and the Dry Val leys. Am . Geophys. Union Antarctic Res. Series, v33, p. 7- 25. Ervin, C. P., McGinni s, L. D., Oti s, R. M. , and Hall, M. L. 1983. Automated Analysis of Mari ne Refraction Data: A Computer Al gorithm. Geophys. , v. 48, p. 582-589. 96 Ervin, C.P 1983. Wi sconsin Gravity Base Station Network . Wi s. Geol . •• Surv. Mi sc. Paper 83-1, 43 p. Ervin, C. P. 1985 . Reduction of a Two-Gravimeter Base Network by Linear Regression. Geophysics, v. 50, p. 867-869. Ervin, C. P., and McGi nni s, L. D. In Press. Temporal Vari ations in the Gravitati onal Field in the Mi ssi ssippi Embayment. Jr. Geophys. Res. Mento, D. J., Ervin, C. P., and McGinnis, L. D. In Press. Periodic Energy Rel ease in the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Sei s. Soc. Am. Bull. Powers , M. N. , Ervi n, C. P., and Wei ss, M. P. Reconnaissance Magnetic Survey of Antigua, West Indies. Submitted to Cari bbean Jr. Sci . TECHNICAL REPORTS Ervin, C. P., and Laurence, J. P. 1968. Geophysical Exploration for Ground Water around Owen, Wi s., Thorp, Wi s., and the Clark County Hospital , Wis., Report for Owen Ay res and Associates , Eau Claire, Wis. Ervin, C. P., and Hammer, S. 1977. Eval uation of the State of Wi sconsin Gravity Base St ation Network , Report for Wi sconsin Geological Survey , Madison, Wi s. Ervin, C. P. 1978. Analysis of Clam Lake Gravity and Ma gnetic Anomalies, Report for Wi sconsin Geological Survey , Madison, Wi s. MAPS Ervin, C. P., and Hammer, S. 1974. Bouguer Anomaly Gravity Map of Wi sconsin (with text). Wi s. Map Series 6, Wis. Geol . Nat . Hi st. Su rv., Madison . & Hi l denbrand, T. G., Ervin, C. P., Hendricks, J., Kel ler, G. R. , McGi nnis, L. D., and Stearns, R. G. 1977. Bouguer Gravity Map of the Northern Mi ssi ssippi Embayment , Parts of Mi ssouri , Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky , and Illinoi s. U.S. Geol . Surv . {open fi le report #77-228) . Krenz, K., and Ervin, C. P. 1977. Simple Bouguer Gravity Map of Mi nnesota Oul uth Sheet . Mi sc. Map Series M-37, Mi nn. Geol . Surv., St . Paul . McGi nnis, L. D., Jackson , J. K., and Ervin, C. P. 1978. Si mple Bouguer Gravity Map of Mi nnesota--B rai nerd Sheet . Mi sc. Map Series M-40, Mi nn. Geol . Su rv., St . Paul . McGinnis, L. D. , Steffy , D. A. , and Ervin, C. P. 1978. Simple Bouguer Gravity Map of Mi nnesota--Bemi dji Sheet. Misc. Map Seri es M-41, Mi nn. Geol . Su rv. , St . Paul . Ervin, C. P. , !kol a, R. J., and McGinnis, L. D. 1980. Simple Bouguer Gravity Map of Minnesota--New Ulm Sheet . Misc. Map Series M-43, Mi nn. Geol . Su rv., St . Paul . 97 Ervin, P. 1980. Simple Bouguer Gravity Map of Mi nnesota--St . Cloud Shc.eet . Mi sc. Map Series M-44, Mi nn. Geol . Surv., St . Paul . Ervin, C. P. , VanDeVoorde , B. W., and Chandler, V. 1982. Simple Bouguer Gravity Map of Mi nnesota--St. Paul Sheet . Mi nn. Geol . Surv. Misc. Map Seri es M-48 , St . Paul . Ervin, C. P., Tuftee , K. K., and Funck , J. A. 1983 . Simple Bouguer Gravity Map--Northeast Sheet . Geol . At las Ser. 83-2, Wi s. Geol . Nat. Hi st. Surv., Madi son. & 98 VITA Paul C. Heigold PERSONAL Present Position: Lead Geophysici st, Illinoi s St ate Geologi cal Su rvey Office Phone: (217) 344-1481; ext . 251 Office Address: Geophysics Unit Illinoi s St ate Geological Survey 615 East Peabody Drive Champai gn, Illinoi s 61820 Place of Bi rth: St . Louis, Mi ssouri Date of Bi rth: Apri 9, 1936 1 Home Address: 2001 C Mel rose Dri ve Champaign, Illinoi s 61820 EDUCATION 1957 St . Louis University, St . Louis, Mi ssouri ; B.S., Geophysical Engineering 1961 St . Louis University, St . Louis, Mi ssouri ; M.S., Geophysics 1963 University of Illinoi s, Urbana, Illinois; M.S., Mathematics 1969 University of Illinoi s, Urbana, Illinoi s; Ph.D., Geology PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1957-1958 Geophysicist, Ca rter Oil Company ( Standard Oil of New Jersey ) , Tulsa, Oklahoma 1959-1960 Teaching Fel lowship, Institute of Technology, St . Louis University, St . Louis, Mi ssouri 1960-1962 Teaching Assistantship, Mathematics Department , University of Illinoi s, Urbana, Illinoi s Summer 1963 Geophysici st, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada Summer 1970 Geophysicist, Illinois-Princeton Archaeological Expedition to Mo rgantina, Si ci ly 1962-1986 Geophysicist, Illinois State Geological Survey 1986-present Lead Geophysici st, Geophysics Unit, Illinoi s St ate Geological Survey PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Ameri can Geophysical Union Society of Exploration Geophysicists AWARDS AND PROFESSI ONAL RECOGNITION Graduate Fellowship, St . Louis University, St . Louis, Mi ssouri Pi Mu Epsi lon Honorary Mathematics Fratern ity Sigma Xi 99 MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS Exploration Geophysics Earthquake Sei smology Hyd rogeology THESES Heigold, P. C. 1960 . Crustal thickness of the Sa int Louis area determi ned by the phase velocity of Rayl eigh waves. M.S. thesi s, St . Louis Univers ity, St . Loui s, Mi ssouri . Heigold, P. C. 1969. Theoretical analysis of regional groundwater flow in the Havana region, Illinoi s. Ph.D. thesi s, University of Illinoi s. Urbana, Illinoi s. 100 PUBLICATIONS McGi nnis, L. D. and P. C. Heigold. 1961. Regional maps of vertical magnetic intensity in Illlinois. Circular 324, Illinois State Geological Su rvey, Champai gn, Illinoi s 61820. 12 p. McGi nnis, L. D., J. P. Kempton, and P. C. Heigold. 1963. Rel ationship of gravity anomalies to a drift-fi lled bedrock val ley sy stem in northern Illinois. Ci rcular 354, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinoi s 61820. 23 p. Heigold, P. C. , L. D. McGi nnis, and R. H. Howard . 1964. Geologic signifi cance of the gravity field in the DeWitt-Mclean County area, Illinoi s. Ci rcular 369, Illinoi s St ate Geol ogical Su rvey , Champai gn, Illinois 61820. 16 p. DuMontel le, P. B., P. C. Heigold, M. Heidari , and D. H. Swann. 1968 . Computer-calculated Lambert Conformal Conic Projection tables for Illinois (7.5-mi nute intersections). Industri al Mi nerals Note 35 , Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820. 25 p. Heigold, P. C. 1968. Notes on the earthquake of November 9, 1968 in southern Illinoi s. Envi ronmental Geology Notes 24, Illinois State Geological Survey , Champai gn , Illinoi s 61820. 16 p. Heigold, P. C. and J. E. Lamar. 1970. Two-dimensional shape of sand made by crushing limestones of different textures . Industrial Mi nerals Note 41, Illinoi s State Geological Survey , Champaign, Illinois 61820. 23 p. Heigold, P. 1970. A gravity survey of extreme southeastern Illinois. Ci rculac.r 450, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820. 12 p. Hei gold, P. C. , R. F. Mast , and K. Cartwri ght. 1971 . Temperature distri butions and groundwater movement associ ated with oil fields in the Fai rfield Basi n, Illinois. In Proceedi ngs of the Symposi um on Future Petroleum Potential of NPC-Regi on 9, D. C. Bond (Chai rman ), Illinoi s Petroleum 95, Illinoi s State Geological Su rvey , Champaign, Illinois 61820. p. 127-140. Fraser, G. R. D. Harvey , and P. C. Heigold. 1972. Properties of chert rel ateds. to, its react ivity in an alkaline envi ronment. Ci rcular 468, Illinois St ate Geological Survey , Champai gn , Illinois 61820. 31 p. McGi nnis, L. D. and P. C. Hei gold. 1974. A sei smi c refraction survey of the Meredosia Channel area of northwestern Illinoi s. Ci rcular 488 , Illinois State Geologi cal Survey , Champaign, Illinois 61820. 19 p. Hei gold, P. C. 1976. An aeromagnet ic survey of southwestern Illinoi s. Ci rcular 495, Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820. 28 p. 101 McGi nnis, L. P. Hei gold, C. P. Ervin, and M. Heidari . 1976. The gravity o.fiel, d andc. tectonics of Illinoi s. Circular 494, Illinois State Geol ogical Su rvey , Champaign , Illinoi s 61820. 28 p. Hei gold, P. C. and P. L. Roare . 1977. A ground magnetic survey of the Johnson County area , Illinoi s. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssion Contract , US NRC AT (49-24)-0318. 25 p. Heigold, P. C. and R. W. Ri ngler. 1979. A sei smi c refraction stud of the lower Illinois Val ley bottoml ands. Circular 507, Illinois State Gel ogicl Survey , Champaign, Illinois 61820. 18 p. Hei gold, P. C., R. H. Gi l keson, K. Cartwri ght, and P. C. Reed. 1979. Aquifer transmissivity from surfi cial electrical methods. Groundwater, vol . 17, no. 4, July-August . p. 338-345. Hei gol d, P. C., R. h. Gi l keson , K. Cartwri ght , and P. C. Reed. 1980. Reply to the discussion by W. E. Kel ly of Aquifer Transmi ssivity from Su rfi cial Electrical Methods. Groundwater, vol . 18, no. 2, March Apri l. p. 183-184. Poole, V . L. and P. C. Heigold. 1981. Geophysical assessment of aquifers supplying groundwater to eight small communities in Illinoi s. Envi ronmental Geology Notes 91, Illinois St ate Geological Su rvey , Champaign, Illinois 61820. 61 p. Kempton, J. P. , R. W. Ri ngler, P. C. Heigold, K. Cartwright, and V . L. Poole. 1981. Groundwater resources of northern Vermi lion County , I i noi s. En vi ronmenta Geol ogy Notes 101, I i noi s State Geo ogi ca Su11rve y , Champaign, Illin1 ois 61820. 36 p. 11 1 1 Larson , T. H. and P. C. Heigold. 1981 . Di scussion of prelimi nary eval uation of and alternate electrode array for use. In Shal low Subsurface Electri cal Resistivity Studies by T. J. CarrTngton and D. A. Watson . Groundwater, vol . 19, no. 4, July-August� p. 433-434. Larson , T. H. , P. C. Heigold, and R. H. Gi l keson . 1983. Surfi cial electri cal resi stivity and shal low geothermic surveys east of the Sheffield low-l evel radioactive waste disposal site, Bureau County , Illinois. Illinois St ate Geol ogi cal Survey Contract /Grant Report . 1983-1. 17 p. Hei gold, P. C., V. L. Poole, K. Cartwri ght, and R. H. Gi l keson. 1985. Elect rical Earth Resi sti vity Survey of the Macon-Taylorvi lle Ridged Dri ft Aquifer. Illinoi s St ate Geological Survey Ci rcul ar 533. 23 p. Gi l keson, R. H. and P. C. Hei gold. 1985. Magnetometer Survey to Defi ne Trench Boundaries on a Secure Hazardous Waste Di sposal Site (Abstract ) . Second National Conference on Surfce and Borehole Geophysical Methods in Groundwater Investigations, National Water Wel l Association, Feb. 12-14, 1985, Fort Worth, Texas. NWWA Abstract with Programs . 102 Gi l keson, R. H. and P. C. Hei gold. 1985. Application of Su rface Geophysics to Evaluation of Regional Groundwater Resources (Abstract). 1985 North Central Meeting of the Geological Soci ety of Ameri ca, Apri l 25-26, 1985, De Kalb, Illinoi s. GSA Abstracts with Program, vol . 17, no. 5, March 1985. Gi l keson, R. H. , T. H. Larson , and P. Hei gold. 1984. Integration of Surface Resi stivity and Shallow Geoc.ther mic Methods to Defi ne Contami nant Pathways. Proceedings Vol ume of the Conference on Surface and Borehole Geophysical Methods in Groundwater Investigations, Co-sponsored by the U.S. Envi ronmental Protect ion Agency and the National Water Well Associ ation, Feb. 6-9, 1984, San Antonio, Texas. Heigold, P. C. and T. H. Larson. 1985. Geophysical St udies to Eval uate Potential Pathways for the Escape of Contami nants: Sheffield Low-level Radioactive Waste Di sposal Faci lity. Illinois St ate Geol ogical Su rvey Contract/Grant Report . 1985-1, 23 p. Gi l keson , R. H. , T. H. Larson , and P. C. Heigold, 1985. Definition of Contami nant Pathways: An Integrated Geophysical and Geological St udy . Illinois St ate Geological Survey Repri nt 1985-G, 15 p. Gi l keson, R. H., P. C. Heigold, and D. E. Laymon, 1986. Practical Application of Theoretical Model s to Magnetometer Su rveys on Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites--A Case History. Groundwater Monitoring Review, Vol . 6, No . 1, Wi nter, p. 54-61. 103 VITA THOMAS J. HILDENBRAND PERSONAL Present Position : Section Chief , Continental Interior Geophysics Section, Branch of Geophysics, U.S. Geological Survey Office Phone : (303) 236-1204 Office Address: Mai l Stop 964 Box 25046 , Denver Federal Center Denver, Col orado 80225 Home Address: 13966 W. Warren Dri ve Lakewood, CO 80228 Place of Bi rth: Bi smarck , North Dakot a Date of Bi rth: June 12, 1947 EDUCATION 1971 University of Cal i forni a, Berkeley ; B.S. , Engineeri ng, Physics/Math 1972 University of Cal ifornia, Berkeley; M.S., Engineeri ng, Geoscience/Math 1975 University of Californi a, Berkeley; Ph .D. , Engineeri ng, Geoscience/ Math PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1975-present Geophysicist, U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey PROFESSIONAL ORGANI ZATIONS American Geophysical Union Soci ety of Exploration Geophysicists MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS Regional Geophysics Tectonophysics Mathematical Geophysics PUBLICATIONS (1982-1986) Hi l denbrand, T. G. 1982 . Model of the southeastern margin of the Mi ssissippi Val ley graben near Memphis, Tennessee, from the interpretat ion of truckmounted magnetometer data: Geology , v. 10, p. 476-480. Hi l denbrand , T. G., Kane, M. F. , and Hendricks, J. D. 1982. Magnetic basement in the upper Mi ssi ssippi Embayment region--A prel imi nary report , in Pakiser, L. and McKeown , F., eds., Investigations of the New 104 Madrid, Mi ssouri , Earthquake Region : U.S. Geol ogical Su rvey Professional Paper 1236-E, p. 39-53. Hi l denbrand , T. G. , Kucks, R. P., and Sweeney , R. E. 1982. A colored magnetic-anomaly map compiled from digital data of central U.S.--lts maj or features: U.S. Geological Su rvey Geophysical Investigations Map , GP-955, 27 p. of text , scale 1:2,500,000. Hi l denbrand , T. G. , Si mpson, R. W., Godson, R. H. , and Kane, M. F. 1982. Di gital colored residual and regional Bouguer gravity maps of. the contermi nous U.S.--Wavelength cut-offs of 250 km and 1000 km: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map GP-953-A, scale 1:7,500,000. Hi l denbrand, T. G. 1983 . FFTFIL--A fi ltering program based on two dimensional Fourier analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-Fi le Report 83-237 , 60 p. Hi l denbrand, T. G. , and Kel ler, G. R. 1983. Magnetic and gravity features · of western Kentucky--thei r geologi c signifi cance : U.S. Geological Su rvey Open Fi le Report 83-164, 24 p. , 4 plates (to be included later in a Professional Paper). Hi l denbrand, T. G., and Kucks, R. P. 1983. Regional magnet ic and gravity features of the Gi bson Dome area and surrounding region, Paradox Basin, Utah Prel imi nary report : U.S. Geol ogical Survey Open-File Report 83359, 50 p., 3 plates. Hi l denbrand , T. G. , Kucks, R. P., and Hanna , W. F. 1984. Groundbased upward extrapol ated gravity data for use in testi ng the Aeri al Profi ling Terrain Sy stem (APTS) : U.S. Geological Su rvey Open-Fi le Report 84-775. Hi l denbrand , T. G. 1985. Magnetic terranes in central U.S. determi ned from the interp retation of digital data, in Hi nze, W. J. ed., The uti lity of regional gravity and ma gnet ic anomaly map s: Soci ety of Exploration Geologi sts Special Volume, p. 248-266. Hi l denbrand, T. G. 1985. Ri ft structures of the Mi ssissippi Embayment : Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 90, no. B14, p. 12, 607-12, 622. Hi l denbrand, T. G., and Kucks, R. P. 1985 . Model of the geothermal sy stem in southwestern South Dakota from gravity and aeromagnetic studies, in Hi nze , W. J., The uti lity of regional gravity and magnetic anomaly maps: Society of Exploration Geophysicists special volume , p. 233-247 . Hi l denbrand, T. G., Rodgers , A. M., Oliver, H. W. , Harsen, C., Nakata, J. N. and Carr, M. D. 1986 . Gravity, aeromagnetic, terrais. n, contemporary sei smi city, and quaternary fault maps, Southern Great Basin, in Carr, M. D., Yucca Mountain Meeting Proceedi ngs: U.S. Geological Survey Ci rcular, scale 1:2,500,000 , 20 p. text . 105 VITA WI LLIAM J. HI NZE PERSONAL Present .Position : Professor of Geophysics, Purdue University Offi ce Phone: (317) 494-3259 Office Address : Department of Geosciences Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 Home Address: 30 Brook Hol low West Lafayette, IN 47906 Place of Bi rth: Wi sconsin Date of Bi rth : July 30 , 1930 EDUCATION 1951 University of Wi sconsin; BS, Geol ogy 1957 University of Wisconsin; Ph.D., Geol ogy and Physics PROFESSIONAL EXPERI ENCE 1972-present Professor of Geophysics, Geosciences Department, Purdue University 1985 Vi siting Professor of Geophysics, Universite of Lausanne , Sw itzerland 1958-1972 Assistant to Ful l Professor, Michigan State University 1958 Staff Geophysicist, Jones Laughlin Steel Company 1953-58 Research Geophysicist, U.S&. Army Engineer Research and Dev elopment Laboratory PROFESSIONAL ACTI VITI ES (1980-Present) Chai rman of the National Magnetic Anomaly Map Committee Co-chai rman of the No rth Ameri can Magnetic Anomaly Map Committee Reporter to the U.S. Geodynami cs Committee for Geophysical Data Past-Chai rman of the Geophysics Division of the Geol ogical Soci ety of America Member of the National Academy of Science Geophysical Oata and Public Pol icy Panel Continental Scienti fi c Dri lling Commi ttee Panel on Basement and Deep Basins of the Continental Sci entific Dri lling Committee 106 Vi ce-Chai rman of the IAGA Working Group on Magnetic Anomal ies Associ ate Editor for Potential Fields of "Geophysics" Science Steeri ng Panel for the Geopotential Research Mi ssion Magnetic Field Study Group of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Admi ni strati on Chai rman of the External Review Committee for Potential Fields for Geological Purposes of the National Geophysical Data Center MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS Applied geophysics as appl ied to petroleum, mi neral and engi neeri ng explora tion, geophysical studies of the geology of basement rocks and the geo dynamics of plate interiors PUBLICATIONS - Refereed Articles since 1978 with R. H. McCallister and N. Z. Boctor. 1978. Petrology of the Spi litic Rocks from the Michigan Basin Deep Drill Hole, Jou r. Geophys. Res., 83, p. 5825-5831. with J. W. Bradley and A. R. Brown . 1978. Gravimeter Survey in the Mi chigan Basin Deep Borehole, Jour. Geophys. Res., 83, p. 5864-5868. Gravity Anomalies. 1978. McGraw-Hi ll Yearbook of Science and Technology, p. 211-214. with R. D. Regan. 1978. Theoretical Transforms of the Gravity Anomalies of Two Ideali zed Bodies, Geophysics, 43, p. 631-633. with J. S. Kl asner, R. J. Wol d, L. O. Bacon , and N. W. O'Hara. 1979. Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of Northern Mi chigan-Lake Superior Regions, U.S. Geol . Su rv . GP-930. Continental Magnetic Anomal ies. 1979. Reviews of Geophys. and Space Physics, 17, p. 257-273. U.S. National Magnetic Anomaly Survey Speci fications Workshop Report . 1979 . Geophysics, 44 , p. 991-996. Problems for Exploration Geophysics - Book Revi ew . 1979. EO S, Trans. AGU, 60, p. 149. with L. W. Brai le, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak. 1980. Models for Midcontinent Tectonism, in "Conti nental Tectonics", National Academy of Science-National Research Counci l, special publi cation Studies in Geophysics, p. 73-83. with N. W. O'Hra . 1980. Regional Basement Geology of lake Huron, Geol . Soc. Am. Bull., 91, p. 348-358. with V. Chandler, J. Koski , and L. W. Braile. 1981. Analysis of Multiw. -source Gravitys. and Magnetic Anomaly Data Sets by Moving-Wi ndow Applicat ions of Poi sson's Theorem, Geophysics, 46 , p. 30-39. 107 with R. R. B. von Frese, L. W. Brai le, and A. J. Luca. 1981. Spherical Earth Gravity and Magnet ic Anomaly Model ing by Gauss-Legendre Quadrature Integration, J. Geophysics, 49, p. 234-242. with N. W. O'Hra , M. S. Reford , and J. G. Tanner. 1981. North Ameri can Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Work shops, Geophysics, 46, p. 1611-1617. with L. W. Brai le, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak. 1982 . The Northeast Extension of the New Madrid Fault Zone, U.S. Geol . Surv. Prof. Paper 1236. with R. J. Wold and N. W. O'Hara. 1982 . Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Studies of Lake Superior, Geol . Soc. Am . Memoi r 156, Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superi or Basin, p. 203-222. with V. W. Chandler, P. L. Bowman, and N. W. O'Hara. 1982. Long-Wavelength Gravity and Magnetic Anomal ies of the Lake Superior Region , Geol . Soc. Am . Memoi r 156, Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superi or Basi n, p. 223-238. with R. J. Wol d. 1q82. Introduction to Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superior Basin, Geol . Soc. Am . Memoi r 156, p. 1-4. with R. J. Wol d. 1982 . Lake Superior Basi n Geol ogy and Tectoni cs - Overview and Major Unsolved Problems, Geol . Soc. Am . Memoi r 156, Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superi or Basi n, p. 273-280. with R. R. B. von Frese and L. W. Brai le. 1982. Regional North American Gravity and Magnet ic Anomaly Correlations, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. , 69, p. 745-761. with J. L. Sexton , R. R. B. von Frese and L. W. Brai le. 1982 . Long Wavelength Aeromagnetic Anomaly Map of the Contermi nous U.S.A. , Geology, 10, p. 364-369. with R. R. B. von Frese, J. L. Sexton and L. W. Brai le. 1982 . Veri fication of the Crustal Component in Satell ite Magnetic Data, Geophys. Res. Lett ., 9, p. 293-295. with R. R. B. von Frese, M. B. Longacre , L. W. Brai le, E. G. Lidiak and G. R. Kel ler. 1982. Regional Magnetic and Gravity Anomalies of South Ameri ca , Geophys. Res. Lett ., 9, p. 314-317. with M. B. Longacre and R. R. B. von Frese. 1982. A Satel lite Magnetic Model of Northeastern South Ameri can Aul acogens, Geophys. Res . Lett ., 9, p. 318-321. with L. W. Brai le, R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak. 1982 . An Ancient Ri ft Complex and itG.s Relation to Contemporary Sei smi city in the New Madrid Sei smi c Zone, Tectonics, 1, p. 225-237. with R. R. B. von Frese and L. W. Brai le. 1982. Spheri cal Earth Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Analysis by Equivalent Poi nt Source Inversion, Earth Planet . Sci . Lett ., 53, p. 69-83. 108 Physical Pri nciples of Exploration Methods by A. E. Beck - Book Review. 1982. EOS, Trans , AGU, 63, p. 1224 . with R. J. Wold, Editors, Geol ogy and Tectonics of the Lake Superi or Basin. 1982. Geol . Soc. Am. Memoi r 156, 280 p. with G. R. Kel ler, E. G. Lidiak and L. W. Brai le. 1982. The Role of Ri fting in the Tectonic Development of the Mi dcontinent , U.S.A. , Tectonophysics, 94, p. 391-412. with L. W. Braile, J. L. Sexton , G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 1982. Seismi city and Tectonics of the Midconti nent United States, Proc. of the 3rd Conference on Sei smi c Mi croregi onal izat ion. with M. S. Coates, B. C. Haimson, and W. R. Van Schmus. 1983. Introduction to the Illinoi s Deep Hole Proj ect , Jour. Geophys. Res , 88 , p. 7267- •• 7275. with O. W. Ai ken and G. R. Kel ler. 1983. Geological Si gnifi cance of Surface Gravity Measurements in the Vi cinity of the Illinoi s Deep Dri ll Hol es, Jour. Geophys. Res ., 88 , p. 7307-7314. Toward a National Magnetic Anomaly Data Base. 1983. Proc. Aeromagnetic Data Workshop, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, p. 33-36 . with W. Harrison, D. Edgar, A. Van Luik, L. Brai le, J. Kalliokoski , H. Pfannkuch , H. Wri ght , Jr., M. Ti ssue and M. Sood . 1983. Geology, Hydrology , and Mi neral Resources of Crystalline Rock Areas of the Lake Superior Region , United St ates , Argonne National Laboratory Envi ronmental Sciences Report 134, 384 pp. with E. G. Lidiak, G. R. Kel ler, J. E. Reed , L. W. Brai le and R. W. Johnson . 1985. Geologic signifi cance of regional gravity and magnetic anomalies in the east-central mi dcontinent s in, W. J. Hi nze (ed.), The Uti lity of Regional Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Maps, Soci ety of Exploration Geophysici sts , p. 287-307 . with I. Zietz. 1985. The composite magnetic anomaly map of the Contermi nous U.S. , in W. J. Hi nze (ed.), The Uti lity of Regional Gravity and MagnetiC-Anomaly Maps, Society of Exploration Geophysicists , p. 1-24. with G. R. Kel ler, R. A. Smith and C. L. V. Aiken. 1985. Regional gravity and magnetic study of west Texas, in W. J. Hi nze (ed.), The Uti lity of Regi ona Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Maps, Society of Exp l oration Geophysi1 ci sts, p. 198-212. with C. C. Schnetzler, P. T. Tayl or, R. A. Langel and J. D. Phillips. 1985. Compari son between the recent U.S. composite magnetic and Magsat anomaly data, Jour. Geophys. Res., 90, p. 2543-2548 . with W. R. Van Schmus. 1985. The mi dcont i nent rift system , Ann. Rev. Earth and Planetary Sciences, 13, p. 345-384. 109 with R. Oliver (eds.). 1985. Potential Fiel ds in Rugged Topography , Insti tute of Geophysics Bul l. 7, Univ. of Lausanne, Swi tzerland, 201 p. with R. R. B. von Frese, R. Olivier and C. R. Bentley. 1986. Regional magnetic anomaly const rai nts on continental breakup, Geology , 14, p. 68-71. with J. L. Sexton, L. W. Brai le and M. J. Campbel l. 1986. Seismic reflection profi ling studies of a buri ed Precambrian ri ft beneath the Wabash Val ley Fault Zone, Geophysics, (in press). with L. W. Braile, J. L. Sexton , G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 1986. Tectonic devel opment of the New Madri d Ri ft Complex, Mi ssissippi Embayment, North America, Tectonophysics, (in press). with L. W. Braile. 1986. Geophysical aspects of the craton, submi tted to GSA-ONAG volume, The Midconti nent Province: United States, (in press). with R. R. B. von Frese, R. Olivier and C. R. Bent ley. 1986 . Satell ite magnetic anomalies and conti nental reconstructions, AGU Monograph (in press). with J. R. Ri dgway . 1986. Magsat scalar anomaly map of South America, Geophysics, (in press). with R. Olivier. 1986. Potential fields in rugged topography , The Leading Edge of Exploration, 5, (in press). 110 VITA G. R. KELLER PERSONAL Present Position: Professor of Geophysics , University of Texas at El Paso Office Phone: (915) 747-5501 Offi ce Address: Department of Geologi cal Sci ences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, Texas 79968 Horne Address: 6632 Mesa Grande El Paso, Te xas 79912 Pl ace of Bi rth: Muskogee, Okl ahoma Date of Bi rth: Ap ril 17 , 1946 EDUCATION 1968 Te xas Tech University; BS (Mathematics, with Honors) 1969 Texas Tech University; MS {Geophysics) 1973 Texas Tech University; Ph .D. {Geophysics) PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 9/ 1982-present Professor of Geophysics , Department of Geol ogical Sci ences, University of Texas at El Paso 10/81-present Chai rman, Department of Geol ogi cal Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso 10/80-present Di rector, J. 14 . Mi ller Memorial Geophysical Laboratory 7/76-present Consultant, Los Al amos Scientific Laboratory 9/7 8-8/82 As sociate Professor, University of Texas at El Paso 9/76-5/82 Di rector, Sei smol ogical Observatory, University of Texas at El Paso 7 /76-8/78 As sistant Professor, University of Texas at El Paso 8/ 73-7/76 Assistant Professor, University of Kentucky 7 /72-8/73 Re search As sociate/Resea rch Assistant Professor, University of Utah 9/70-5/71 Instructor, Texas Tech Uni versity 6/70-8/ 70 Research Assistant, Mobil Research and Devel opment PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZAT IONS Ame rican Geophysical Union, Royal Ast ronomi cal Soci ety (Fel low) , Geol ogical Soci ety of Ame ri ca , Seismol ogical Soci ety of America, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Ameri can As soci ation of Petrol eum Geol ogi sts, Ame ri can Assoc iation for the Advancement of Science, El Paso Geol ogical Society , West Texas Geol ogical Society , Permi an Basin Geophysical Society , New Mexi co Geol ogical Society , Texas Acarlemy of Science, European Geophysi cal Society, Geologi cal Society of Africa 111 HONORARY SOCIETIES Sigma Xi , Si gma Gamma Epsilon, Phi Kappa Phi, Kappa Mu Epsilon AWARDS A. I. Levorsen Memorial Awa rd -- American As sociation of Pet rol eum Geol ogists, 1976 Paper presented at AAPG meeting picked for at "Best of AAPG11 session at SEG convention, 1980 Di rected Thesis ( by R. L. Coultrip) chosen as most outstanding within the University, 1983 Di stinguished Ac hievement Award in Research, U.T. El Paso, 1985 MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS Crustal seismi c studies Tectonics of rifts PUBLICATIONS Shurbet , D. H. , and G. R. Kel ler. 1972. Generation of rni croseisms by atmospheric coupl ing: Texas Jour. Sci ., v. 23, p. 471-478. Kel ler, G. R. and S. E. Cebull . 1973. Pl ate tectonics and the Ouachita System in Texas, Okl ahoma and Arkansas: Geol . Soc. Am . Bull., v. 84, p. 1659-1666. Cebull, S. E. and G. R. Kel ler. 1973. Reply to the di scussion on "Pl ate Tectonics and the Ouachita System in Texas , Okl ahoma and Arkansas" by Gri ffi n: Geol . Soc. Am . Bull., v. 85, p. 147-148. Braile, L. W., G. R. Kel ler, and W. J. Peepl es . 1974. Inversion of gravity data for two-dimensi onal density di stri butions: J. Geophys. Res ., v. 79, p. 2017-2021. Braile, L. W., R. B. Smi th, G. R. Kel ler, R. M. Wel ch, and R. P. Meyer. 1974. Crustal structure across the Wasat ch Front from detailed seismic refraction studies: J. Geophys . Res ., v. 79, p. 2669-2677. Kel ler, G. R., R. B. Smith, and L. W. Braile. 1975. Crustal structure al ong the Great Ba sin-Col orado Pl ateau transition from seismi c refraction studies: J. Geophys . Res., v. 80 , p. 1083-1098 . Braile, L. W. and G. R. Kel ler. 1975. Fine structure of t.he crust inferred from linear invers ion of Rayl eigh wave dispersion: Sei smol . Soc . Am . Bull., v. 65, p. 71-83. Kel ler, G. R. and D. H. Shu rbet . 1975. Crustal structure of the Texas Gulf Coastal Pl ain: Geol . Soc . Am . Bull., v. 86 , p. 807-810. Smi th, R. B., L. W. Braile, and G. R. Kel ler. 1975. Crustal low velocity layers : Possible effect of high temperatures over a mantle upwarp at the Basin Ra nge-Colorado Pl ateau transition: Earth and Pl anetary Sci. Ltrs ., v. 28, p. 197-204. 112 Cebul l, E., D. H. Shurbet , G. R. Kel ler, and L. R. Russel l. 1976. Possibs. l e rol e of transform faults in the devel opment of appa rent offsets in the Ouachita-Southern Appal achian tectonic bel t: J. Geol ., v. 84 , p. 107-114. Shurbet , D. H. , G. R. Kel ler, and J. P. Frei ss . 1976. Remanent magnetization from compari son of gravity and magnet ic anomal ies: Geophysics, v. 41, p. 56-66. Kel ler, G. R. and H. E. Ad ams . 1976. A reconnaissance mi c roearthquake survey of the San Luis Val ley, So�thern Col orado : Seismal . Soc . Am . Bull., v. 66, p. 345-347. Kel ler, G. R., R. B. Smi th, L. W. Brai le, R. Heaney , and D. H. Shurbet. 1976. Upper crustal structure of the eastern Basin and Range, northern Colorado Pl ateau , and Mi ddle Rocky Mou ntains determi ned from Rayl eigh wave dispersion: Seismal . Soc. Am . Bull., v. 66, p. 869-876. Cebull, S. E. and G. R. Kel ler. 1976. Pl atP. tectonics model for the Ouachita fold belt: Comment: Geology, v. 4, p. 636-637. Langer, C. J., G. R. Kel ler, and R. B. Smi th. 1979. A study of the after shocks of the October 1, 1972 - 4.7, Heber City, Utah earthquake: _.:!..!:!. Earthquakes St ud ies in Utahrnb, 1850 -1978, A. J. Arabaz, R. B. Smi th, and W. Richins (eds.), Univ. of Utah, p. 383-394. O. Ammerman, M. W. and G. R. Kel ler. 1979. Del i neation of the Rome Trough in eastern Kentucky with gravity and deep drilling data: Am . Assoc . Pet rol . Geol . Bull., v. 63, p. 341-353. Kel ler, G. R., L. W. Brai le, and J. W. Schlue. 1979. Regional crustal structure of the Ri o Grande ri ft from surface wave dispersion measure ments: in Rio Grande Ri ft: Tectonics and Magmatism, R. E. Riecker (ed. ), Arri:" Geophys. Union, Spec. Pub. , p. 115-126. Ol sen, D. H., G. R. Kel ler, and J. N. Stewart . 1979. Crustal structure along the Ri o Grande ri ft from seismi c refraction profi les: in Ri o Grande Ri ft: Tectonics and Magrnatism, R. E. Riecker (ed.), A""iil:'" Geophys. Union, Spec. Pub ., p. 127-143. Bl ack, D. F. B., G. R. Kel ler, and R. W. Johnson . 1979. Basement control of exposed geologi cal features in central Kentucky as inferred from tectonic, aeromagnetic and gravity data: in Proceedings 2nd International Conf. on Ba sement Tectonics ,-r;f. H. Polwysocki and J. L. Earle (eds.), Basement Tectonics Comm., Denver, p. 1-9. Kel ler, G. R. , L. W. Braile, and P. Mo rgan. 1979. Crustal structure, geophysi cal model s and contemporary tectonisrn of the Col orado Pl ateau: Tectonophysics, v. 61, p. 131-147. Kel ler, G. R., R. F. Roy , N . Duet , R. G. Graham , and B. Taylor. 1979. A regional gravity study of Trans-Pecos Texas: Uni v. of Texas, Bur. Econ. Geol ., Gui debook 19, A. W. Wal ton and C. D. Henry (eds)., p. 28- 32. 113 Tayl or, B., R. F. Roy, and G. R. Kel ler. 1979. Geothermics in Trans-Pecos Texas: Prelimi nary findings : Geotherma l Res. Coun. Trans., v. 3, p. 713-715. Hi nze, W. J. , L. W. Braile, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak . 1980. Model s for midcont i nent tectonism , in Conti nental Tectonics: Nat. Acad . Sci ., Studies in Geophysics, p. 73-83. Vel dhuis, J. H., and G. R. Kel ler. 1980. An integ rated geol ogical and geophysical study of the Sa lt Falt Basin: New Mex. Geol . Soc. , 31st Guidebook, p. 141-150. Kel ler, G. R., J. M. Hi lls, and R. Djeddi . 1980. A regi onal geol ogical and geophysical study of the Del aware Basin: New Mex . Geol . Soc., 31st Gui debook , p. 105-111. Mraz , J. R., and G. R. Kel ler. 1980. St ructure of the Presidi o Bolson area , Texas, interpreted from gravity data: Bur. Econ. Geol ., Univ. of Texas, Geologica Ci rcular, 80-13, 20 p. Kel ler, G. R., and D. R. Russel l. 1980 . A crustal structure study of the African continent: An nals Geol . Su rvey of Egypt, v. 10, p. 955-960. Soderberg, R. K., and G. R. Kel ler. 1981. Geophysi cal evi dence for deep basin in western Kentucky : As soc. Petrol . Geol . Bull., v. 65, p. 226-234. Am. Gi sh, D. M., G. R. Kel ler, and M. L. Sbar. 1981. A refract ion study of deep crustal structure of the Basin and Range-Colorado Pl ateau transition zone in eastern Arizona: J. Geophys. Res., v. 86 , p. 6029- 6038. Keller, G. R., M. L. Amme rma n, and A. E. Bl and. 1981. A geophysical and tectonic study of cent ral and eastern Kentucky with emphasis on the Rome Trough: Kentucky Geological Su rvey , Spec. Pub. 4, p. 41-48. Morgan, P., G. R. Kel ler, and F. K. Boulos. 1981. Earthquake cannons in the Egyptian eastern desert : Sei smal . Soc. Am . Bull., v. 71, p. 551- 554. Si nno, Y. A., G. R. Kel ler, and M. L. Sbar. 1981. A crustal seismi c refraction study in west-central Ari zona: J. Geophys . Res ., v. 86, p. 5023-5038. Keller, G. R. and others. 1981. A regional geophysical study of southern Trans-Pecos Texas : Permian Basin Sec. SEPM, Gui debook , p. 102-109 . Lance, J. O. and G. R. Kel ler. 1981. A regi onal gravity study of southwestern New Mexico and adjacent areas : El Paso Geol . Soc. Guidebook , p. 86-90. Ai ken, C. L. V. , D. L. Ga rvey , G. R. Kel ler, P. C. Goodel l, and M. de la Fuente Duch. 1981. A regional geophysical study of the Chihuahua City 114 area, Mexi co: Arne r. As soc. Petrol . Geol ., St udies in Geol ., no. 13, p. 311-328. Ke l ler, G. R., J. M. Kruger, C. L. V. Ai ken, and K. C. Nei lsen. 1982. Regi onal gravity anomal ies in the Ouachita Mountains area : Geol . Soc •. Am. Gui Hi nze, W. J., R. R. B. von Frese, M. B. Longacre, L. W. Braile, E. G. Lidiak , and G. R. Kel ler. 1982. Regional magnetic and gravi ty anomal ies of South Ame rica: Geophys . Res . Ltrs ., v. 9, p. 314-317. Braile, L. W., G. R. Kel ler, W. J. Hi nze, and E. G. Li diak. 1982. An ancient rift compl ex and its rel ation to contemporary seismi city in the New Madri d sei smi c zone: Tectonics, v. 1, p. 225-237. Kel ler, G. R., A. E. Bl and, and J. K. Greenberg . 1982 . Evidence for a maj or late Precambrian tecton ic event (rifting?) in the eastern midconti nent region, U.S.A.: Tectonics, v. 1, p. 213-223. Russel l, D. R., G. R. Kel ler, and L. W. Braile. 1982. A technique to determi ne the three dimensional attitude and true vel ocity of a refractor: Geophysics, v. 47, p. 1331-1334. Braile, L.W ., W. J. Hinze, J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak. 1982. Seismicity and tectonics of the midconti nent Uni ted St ates : Proceedings 3rd International Conf. on Microzonation, p. 25-38. Lance, J. O. , Jr. , G. R. Kel ler, and C. V. Ai ken. 1982. A regi onal geophysical study of the western overL. thrust belt in southwestern New Mexi co, West Texas , and northern Chi huahua: Rocky Mt . As soc. Geol ., Cordilleran Thrust Belt Vol ., p. 467-473. Austin, C. B. and G. R. Kel ler. 1982. A crustal structure study of the Mississippi Embayment : U.S. Geol . Surv., Prof. Paper, no. 1236 G, p. 81-83. Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hi nze, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Li diak . 1982. The northeastern extension of the new Madrid Fault Zone: U.S. Geol . Surv., Prof. Paper, no. 1236 L, p. 173-184. Marston , R. A. , R. L. Hoffer, P. C. Goodel l, and G. R. Kel ler. 1982. An integrated Lansat-geol ogical -geophysical-geochemi cal survey for mi neral occurrence in west-central Utah : Proceedings international symposium on remote sensing of the envi ron�ent, Second Thematic Conference, Remote Sensing for Expl oration Geol ogy: Ft. Worth, TX, p. 843-851. Kel ler, G. R., E. G. Li di ak , W. J. Hi nze, and L. W. Braile. 1983. The rol e of ri fting in the tectonic devel opment of the midcontinent , USA : Tectonophysics, v. 94, p. 391-412. Pingitore, N. E., J. S. Schmidt, and G. R. Kel ler. 1983. Radi ometric map of the Di abl o pl atform and adjoi ni ng area: Surface uranium acti vity: Permi an Basin Sec . SEPM , Pub. 83-22 , p. 166-169. lIB Kel ler, G. R., J. H. Vel dhuis, and D. W. Powers . 1983. An analysis of gravity and magnetic anomal ies in the Diahlo plateau area : Permian Basin Sec. SEPM , Pub . 83-22, p. 152-165. Ai ken, O. W., G. R. Kel ler, and W. J. Hinze. 1983. Geological significance of surface gravi ty me asurements in the vi cinity of the Il linois deep drill hole: Jour. Geophys. Res ., v. 88 , p. 7307-7314. Ai ken, C. L. V. , J. Grotte, G. R. Kel ler, and W. M. Voight. 1983. Gravity anomal ies in northern Chihuahua: El Paso Geol . Soc. Guidebook, 1983 Field Conf., p. 120-128. Kel ler, G. R. 1983. Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Socorro regi on: New Mexico Geol . Soc., 34th Gui debook , p. 96 . Kel ler, G. R., L. Cordel l, G. H. Davis, W. J. Peeples , and G. White. 1984 . A geophysical study of the San Luis Basin: New Mexico Geol . So c. , 35th Guidebook , p. 51-57. Cordel l, L. and G. R. Kel ler. 1984. Regional structural trends inferred from gravity and aeromagnetic data in the New Mexico-Col orado border regi on: New Mexi co Geol . Soc., 35th Gu idebook , p. 21-23 (2 pl ates) . Kel ler, G. R., W. J. Peepl e5 , and C. L. V. Ai ken. 1984 . Gravity anomal ies in northern Chi huahua: An update: West Texas Geol . Pub. 84-80, p. 206-212. Kel ler, G. R. and E. A. Dean. 1984. Forwa rd to Seismi c Waves: Ani sot rophy , fl uid saturation, and slanting interfaces : Col orado School of Mi nes Quart. , v. 79, p. v-vi . Lidiak, E. G., W. J. Hinze, G. R. Kel ler, J. E. Reed , L. W. Brai le, and R. W. Johnson. 1985. Geologi cal signifi cance of regional gravity and magnetic anomal ies in the east-central midcontinent : Soc . Explorat ion Geophysicists , Spec. Pub ., Utility of Regional Gravity and Ma gnetic Anomaly Maps , p. 287-307 . Kel ler, G. R., R. A. Smi th, W. J. Hi nze, and C. L. V. Ai ken. 1985. A regional gravity and magnetic study of West Texas : Soc . Exploration Geophys icists , Spec . Pub ., Ut ility of Regi onal Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Maps , p. 198-212. Kel ler, G. R. and W. J. Peepl es . 1985. Regi onal gravi ty and aeromagnetic anomal ies in West Texas : West Texas Geol . Soc., Pub. 85-81 , p. 101- 105. Sul eiman, A. S. and G. R. Kel ler. 1985. A geophysical study of basement structure in northeastern New Mexico: New Mexico Geol . Soc ., 36th Gu i debook , p. 153-159. Ke ller, G. R. 1986. Introduction to special section on the Rio Grande rift: J. Geophys. Res ., v. 91 , p. 6142. Sinno, J. A., P. H. Daggett, G. R. Kel ler, P. Mo rgan, and H. Ha rder. 1986. Crustal st ructure of the Southern Rio Grande ris.ft determined 116 from seismi c refraction profi ling: J. Geophys. Res ., v. 91, p. 6143- 6156. Daggett , P. H., G. R. Kel ler, P. Mo rgan, and C. Wen. 1986. St ructure of the Rio Grande rift from gravity interpretation: J. Geophys . Res ., v. 91, p. 6157-6167. Sinno, Y. A. and G. R. Kel ler. 1986. A Rayleigh wave dispersion study between El Paso, Texas and Al buquerque, New Mexi co : J. Geophys . Res., v. 91, p. 6168-6174. Ol sen, K. H., L. W. Braile, J. N. St ewart , C. R. Daudt, G. R. Kel ler, L. A. Ankeny , and J. J. Wol ff. 1985. Jemez Mountains vol canic field, New Mexico: Time term interp retation of the CARDEX seismi c experiment and comparison with Bouguer gravity: J. Geophys. Res ., v. 91, p. 6175- 6187. Kruger, J. R. and G. R. Kel ler. 1986. Interp retation of crustal structure from regional gravity anomal ies, Ouachita Mountains area and adjacent Gulf coastal pl ain: AAPG Bull., v. 70, in press . Braile, L. W., W. J. Hinze, J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Lidiak. 1986. Te ctonic Devel opment of the New Madrid Sei smi c zone: Tectonophysics, in press. Kruger, J. M. and G. R. Kel ler. 1986. Regional gravity anomal ies in the Ouachita Mount ai ns area: Arkansas Geol . Comm ., in press. 117 VITA EDWARD G. LIDIAK PERSONAL Present Position: Chai rma n and Professor, Department of Geol ogy and Pl anetary Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh , PA Office Phone: (412) 624-4702 Office Address: Depa rtment of Geol ogy and Pl anetary Science Uni versity of Pittsburgh 1299 Fox Chapel Road Pi ttsburgh , Pennsyl vania 15238 Pl ace of Bi rth: LaGrange, Texas Date of Bi rth: Ma rch 14, 1934 EDUCATION 1956 Ri ce University, Houston, Texas ; BA (Geol ogy ) 1960 Rice Uni vers ity, Houston, Texas; MA, (Geol ogy) 1963 Ri ce University, Hou ston, Texas ; Ph .D. (Geol ogy ) PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1980-present: Chai rman and Professor, Department of Geology and Pl anetary Science, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15260. 1971- 1979: Chai rman and As sociate Professor, Uni versity of Pittsbu rgh . 1971-1974: U.S. Geol ogical Survey, Part -t ime WAE appoi ntment 1966�1971: Associate Professor, Uni versity of Pittsburgh 1965-1967: U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey, Part-time WAE appoi ntment 1964-1966: As sistant Professor, University of Pi ttsbu rgh 1962-1964: Research Scientist IV, Crustal Studi es Laboratory, The University of Te xas , Austin. Pa rticipated in study of geol ogy and geochronol ogy of buried basement rocks of United States 1958-1962: Teaching Assistant/Fel low, Department of Geol ogy, Ri ce University, Houston, Texas 1960( Summer) : Ma rine Geophysical Exploration Company , Houston. Interp retation of shal low seismic records . 1956-1958: U.S. Marine Corps Reserve , Act ive Duty 1956 (Part- Humble Research Center, Houston, Laboratory Assistant in time) pal eomagnetism · PROFESSI ONAL ORGANIZAT IONS Ameri can Geophysi cal Union Geochemi cal Soci ety Geologi cal Society of Ame ri ca (Fel low) 118 MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS Igneous and Metamorphic Petrol ogy Precambri an Geol ogy Tectonics PUBLI CATIONS Braile, L. W., W. J. Hi nze, J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Li diak. 1982. A tectonic study of the extension of the New Madrirl fault zone near its intersection with the 38th paral lel lineament. U.S. Nucl ear Regulatory Commi ssion Report NUREG/CR-2741, 70 p. Pi l ant , W. L., and E. G. Li rli ak . 1982. FracturP. zones in the basement and exposed crystal line rocks and possible expressions in the overlying and adjacent sedimentary rocks of the Val ley and Ri dge and Pl ateau Provinces : Appal achian Basin Industrial As sociates , Spring Meeting, Knoxvi lle, Tennessee, p. Pl-P24. Li diak , E. G. 1982. Basement rocks of the ma in interi or basins of the mi d continent . Univ. of Missouri at Rol la Jurnal , no. 3, p. 5-24 . Braile, L. W., W. J. Hi nze, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Li diak . 1982. The northeastern extension of the New Madrid seismic zone. U.S. Geol . Survey Prof. Paper 1236-L , p. 175-184. Denison, R. E., E. G. Lidiak, M. E. Bi ckford , and E. B. Ki svarsanyi . 1983. Geol ogy and geochronol ogy of Precambrian rocks in the central interi or region of the United States . U.S. Geol . Survey , Prof. Paper 1241-C , p. Cl-C20. Keller, G. R., E. G. Lidiak , W. J. Hi nze, and L. W. Braile. 1983. The rol e of ri fting in the tectonic devel opment of the midcontinent, U.S.A. , Tectonophysics, 94, 391-412. Lidiak, E. G. , anrl R. E. Denison. 1983. Pet rol ogy and physical properties of granites from the Illinois deep hole in Stephenson County. Jour. Geophys . Res ., v. 88, p. 7287-7299. Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hi nze, V. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak. 1982. Seismicity anrl tecton ics of the midcontinent Uni ted St ates . Thi rd Internati onal Earthquake Microzonation Conference Proceedings, v. 1 , p. 25-38. Hi nze, W. J., ( . W. Braile, R. Kel ler, and E. G. Li diak� 1983. Geophysical -geol ogical G.stu dies of possibl e extensions of the New Madrid fault zone -- Annual report for 1982. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssion Report NUREG/CR-3174, v. 1, 87 p. Li kiak, E. G. , W. J. Hi nze, G. R. Ke l ler, J. E. Reed, L. W. Brai le, and R. W. Johnson. 1984. Geologic signifi cance of regional gravity and magnetic anomal ies in the east-central rni dcontinent. Geophysics (in press). 119 Braile, L. W., W. J. Hi nze, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak . 1984. Tectonic devel opment of the New Madrid seismic zone. Tectonophysics (in press}. ABSTRACTS Lidiak , G. 1964. Buried basement rocks of Nebraska: Prel imi nary report (abE.s.} : Geol . Soc. America Spec. Paper 76, 101-102. Lidiak , E. G. 1964. Co rrel ation of basement rocks with the mi d-conti nent gravity anomaly in Nebraska and Kansas (abs.}: Soc. Expl oration Geophysicists Yearbook 1964, p. 207. Lidiak, E. G. 1968. Va riati ons in cal c-al kal ic and thol ei itic vol canism in the Puerto Ri can orogen (abs.}, in Abstracts of Papers , 5th Ca ribbean Geol . Conf., Vi rgin Islands, JulY-1-5, 1968: Mayaguez, P. R., Puerto Ri co Uni v., p. 45-46 . Lidiak, E. G. 1969. Ruried Precambri an rocks of Ne braska (abs.}: Geol . Soc. America Abs. with Programs 1969, pt . 2, p. 17. Li diak , E. G. , and R. E. Denison. 1969. Buried Precambrian rocks of eastern Kansas (abs.}: Geol . Soc. America Ahs. with Programs 1969, pt . 2, p. 17-18. Lidiak , E. G. 1970. Augites and hornblendes from cal c-alkaline volcanic rocks. Puerto Rico (abs.}: American Mi neralogist ,�' 302. Lidiak , E. G. 1971. Spatial and temporal vari ations of potassium in vol canic rocks of Puerto Rico (abs.}: in Abstracts of Papers , 6th Cari bbean Geol . Conf., Margarita, Venezuel a, July 6-12. Lidiak, E. G. 1971. Variations in cal c-al kal ic and tholeiitic vol canism in the Puerto Ri can orogen (abs.}: Trans . Fi fth Carib. Geol . Conf., Geol . Bul l Queens Col l ege Press, New York, p. 154. • .!!Q_. _?_, Lidiak , E. and M. P. Ca rl son. 1972. Chemi cal and modal compositions of the PrecaG� , mbri an granitic rocks of Nebraska (ab s.}: Geol . Soc. America Programs i_ (5} , p. 333. Gupta, A. K. , and E. G. Lidiak . 1972. Phase rel at ions in the system diopside-nephel i ne-leucite (abs.}: 24th International Geol . Congress Abstracts, Sect . 14, p. 419-420. Lidiak, E. G. 1973. Rel ation of magnet ic anomal ies and rock types for selected areas in the U.S . (abs.} : EOS , 54, 246. Lidiak, E. G. 1973. Magnetic characteri stics of the continental crust (abs.} : Second Genera Sci ent ifi c As sembly, Ky oto, Japan. IAGA Bul 1 1 • l,!, p. 306. Lidiak , E. G. 1974. Interp retation of aeromagnetic lineaments between latitudes 37°N anrl 38°N in the eastern and central United States (abs.}: G.S.A. Penrose Conf. on Geol ogic interpretat ion of Magnetic Data, Reston, VA . April 14-20 . 120 Haarr, D. T., and E. G. Lidi ak. 1976. Magnetic investigations of the Catoctin Formation in Maryl and (abs.): Geol . Soc . Ameri ca Abstracts with Programs .§. (2) , p. 187. -- -- Tzeng, S. Y. and E. G. Lidiak. 1976. Low-grade metamorphism in east central Puerto Rico (abs.): Geol . Soc. America Abstracts with Programs, ,§_ (6) , p. 1149-1150 -. - - Haarr, D. L. , and E. G. Lidiak. 1977. Evidence for two magnet ically distinct units within the Catoctin Formation in Maryl and (abs.): EOS, �' p. 375. Li diak , E. G., and I. Zi etz. 1977. Ae romagnetic lineaments along the 38th paral lel in the eastern and central United States (abs.): Geol . Soc . Ame rica Abstracts with Programs , i_ (5) , p. 622. -- -- Denison, RE., E. G. Lidiak, M. E. Bickford, and E. B. Kisvarsanyi . 1977. Precamb ri an geol ogy and geochronol ogy of the central interior provi nce (abs.): Geol . Soc. America Abstracts with Programs , i_, p. 947-948. Lidiak , E. G. , G. R. Kel ler, L. W. Braile, and W. J. Hi nze. 1978. Ri fting in the midcont i nent {abs.): EOS, 59, p. 227-228. Kel ler, G. R., W. Hi nze, L. W. Brai le, and E. G. Lidiak. 1978. J. A tectonic overview of the central midcontinent (abs.): EOS, �' p. 230. Lidiak, E. G., 1978. Petrol ogy and mi neral ogy of the volcani c rocks of Puerto Rico (abs.): EOS , 59, p. 403. Hi nze, W. J. , L. W. Braile, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Li diak. 1978. Regional tectonics of the central midconti nent , United States {abs.): Geol . Soc. Arlerica Ab stracts with Programs , 1.Q., p. 422. Lidiak, E. G., G. R. Kel ler, L. W. Brai le, and W. J. Hinze. 1978. Rifting in the midcontinent, U.S.A. (abs.): International Symposium on the Rio Grande Rift, Santa Fe, New Mexi co, October, 1978. Kel ler, G. R., W. J. Hi nze, J. E. Reed , L. W. Brai le, and E. G. Lidiak. 1978 . Regional gravity of the Wabash River val ley fault system - New Madrid seismi c zone (abs.): 1978 Geophys. Union Midwest Meeting. Arn. Hinze, W. J., N. R. Richardson, L. W. Brai le, and E. G. Lidiak. 1979. Ring magnetic anomal ies as indicators of baseme nt calderas in the central province (abs.): Geol . Soc. Abstracts with Programs, v. 11, p. 149. Arn. Braile, L. W., W. J. Hi nze, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Li diak . 1979. What is the northeastern extent of the New Madrid fault zone? (abs.) : Geo l • Soc . Abstracts with Programs , vol . 11, p. 145. Arn. Hi nze, W. J., L. W. Brai le, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak. 1979. Regional tectonics of the central mi dcontinent, Uni ted St ates (abs.): Geol . Soc . Abstracts with Programs , vol . 10, p. 422. Arn. 121 Hi nze, W. J., N. R. Ri chardson, L. W. Brai le, and E. G. Li diak. 1979. Ri ng magnetic anomal ies in the central midcont i nent (abs.): 1979 Am . Geophys. Lidiak , G. 1982. Basement rocks in the ma in interior basins of the UniteE.d States (abs.): Fourth Annual NASA Geodynamics Program Review, Goddard Space Fl ight Center. Yuan, D. W., E. G. Lidiak , M. B. Longacre , and G. R. Kel ler. 1982. Rel ati on of Magsat anomal ies to the main tectonic provinces of South Ame rica {abs.): Soc. Expl . Geophys . Technical Program Ab stracts and Biographies, p. 274-276. Lidiak, E. G. , and W. J. Hi nze. 1982. Relation between drill-hole basement lithol ogy and magnet ic and gravity anomal ies in the east-central mid cont i nent (abs.): Soc. Expl o. Geophys. Technical Program Abstracts and Biographies, p. 258-260. Hi nze, W. J. , E. G. Li diak, J. E. Reed , G. R. Kel ler, L. W. Braile, and R. W. Johnson. 1982. Geol ogic signi ficance of regional gravity and magnetic anomal ies in the east-central midconti nent {abs.): Soc . Expl . Geophys . Technical Program Abstracts and Biographies, p. 264-266. Bikennan, M., E. G. Lidiak, and R. Lewi s. 1982. K-Ar ages of phlogopite from mica peridotite, Omaha oil fiel d intrusion, Gal latin County , southern Illinoi s {abs.): Geol . Soc . Am . Ab stracts wi th Programs , v. 14, p. 255. Ceci , V. M., and .E. G. Lidi ak. 1983. Chemi cal composition of Precambrian rocks from the subsurface of Ohio (ahs.): Geol . Soc . Am . Abstracts with Programs , v. 15, p. 216. Lidi ak, E. G. , Yuan, W. J. Hi nze, M. B. Lo ngacre , and G. R. Kel ler� 1983. CorrelD. t�at. ion of tectonic provinces of South America and the Caribbean with Magsat anomal ies {abs.): 10th Ca rribean Geol . Confer- ence, Aug . 1983, Cartagena, Col ombia. Hinze, W. J. , L. W. Braile, E. G. Lidi ak , and G. R. Kel ler. 1983. Model s for midconti nent tectonism: the last 1600 mi llion years {abs.): Geol . Soc . Am. Abstracts with Programs , v. 15, p. 596. -- Lidiak, E. G., V. M. Ceci , W. J. Hinze, and J. P. McPhee. 1983. Tectonic framework of basement rocks in the eastern mi dconti nent (abs.) : Geol . Soc. Am . Abstracts with Programs , v. 15, p. 627. Hi nze, W. J. , R. W. Van Schmu s and E. G. Li di ak. 1984. Ta rgeting deep scientific drilling in the midconti nent {abs.): Geol . Soc. Ame rica Abstracts with Programs , v. 16, p. 146. Kel ler, G. R., L. W. Braile, W. J. Hi nze, and E. G. Lidiak. 1984. Tectonic significance of mi dconti nent seismi city {abs.): Geol . Soc . America Abstracts with Programs , v. 16, p. 149. 122 Lidiak , E. G. , and W. J. Hi nze. 1984. Speculations on rift zones and basaltic magmatism in the Precambrian of the east-central midconti nent (abs.): Geol . Soc . Ame rica Ab stract s with Programs , v. 16, p. 152. Mario, A. , and E. G. Lidiak. 1984. Petrol ogy of the El licott City granodiorite (abs.): Geol . Soc. Ame rica Ab stracts with Programs , v. 16, p. 178. Lidiak, E. G. and W. J. Hi nze. 1984. Targeting scientific drilling in the eastern midcont i nent (abs.): Am . Geophys . Union EOS, v. 65, p. 1101 . 123 VITA LYLE D. MCGINNIS PERSONAL Present Position: Sen ior Scientist and Manager, Argonne National Laboratory Office Phone: (312) 972-8722 Office Address: Manager, Geol ogy and Geophysics Section Energy and Envi ronmental Systems Division (EES-362) Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Avenue . Argonne, IL 60439 Pl ace of Bi rth: Appleton, Wisconsin Date of Bi rth: March 5, 1931 EDUCATION 1954 St . Norbert College, DePere, Wisconsin; BS, Physics 1960 St. Louis Uni vers ity, St . Louis, Missouri ; M.Sc., Geophysics 1965 Uni versity of Illinois, Urbana, IL; Ph. D., Geology PROFESSI ONAL EXPERIENCE 1985-present Senior Scientist and Manager, Geol ogy and Geophysics Section, Energy and Envi ronmental Systems, Argonne Nati onal Lahoratory 1983- 1985 Professor and Chairman, Department of Geology, Louisiana State Uni versity, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 1980-83 Professor and Chairman, Department of Geol ogy , Northern Il linois University (NIU), DeKalb, Illinois 1976-80 Professor, Department of Geol ogy, NIU 1975-76 Geophysicist, U.S. Geol ogical Survey, Woods Hol e, Massachusetts (sabattical leave from NIU) 1972-75 Professor, Department of Geology , NIU 1967-72 Associate Professor, Department of Geology , NIU 1966-67 Technical Expert , United Nations Devel opment Program (UNDP) , Afghani stan 1960-66 Geophysicist, Illinois St ate Geol ogical Survey , Urbana, Illinois 1957-59 Geophysicist, IGY, Antarctica 1954-55 Geophysicist, Carter Oil Company , Rocky Mountains area PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZAT IONS American As sociation for the Advancement of Sci ence Ameri can Association of Petrol eum Geol ogi sts American Geophysical Union American Polar Soci ety Geol ogi cal Society of Ame ri ca (Fel low) Seismological Soci ety of America 124 Sigma Xi Society of Exploration Geophysici sts MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS Sol id earth geophysics , exploration geophysics, tectonics Tectonics of the Transantarctic Mountain s, tectonics of the Continental Interi or U.S., pol ar geophysics PUBLICATIONS: Refereed Articles Mento, D. J., C. P. Ervi n, and L. D. McGi nnis, Periodi c Energy Release in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Seismol ogical Society of America (in press). Ervi n, C. P. , and L. D. McGinni s. 1986. Temporal Variations in the Gravitational Field of the Mississippi Embayment , Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, B9, pp. 9161-9168. Kim, Y., L. D . McGi nnis and R. H. Rowen. 1986. The Victoria Land Basin: Part of an Extended Crustal Complex Between East and West Antarctica, American Geophysi cal Union, Geodynamics Series, V. 14, M. Barazangi and L. Brown , eds ., pp. 323-330 . McGi nnis, L. D. , R. H. Bowen, J. M. Erickson, B. J. Al l red , and J. L. Krea111er. 1985. East -West Antarctic Boundary in McMurdo Sound, Tectonophysics , 114: 341-356. McGi nnis, L. D. , D. D. Wi lson, W. J. Burdel ik, and T. H. Larson. 1983. Crust and Upper Mantle Study in McMurdo Sound , in Antarctic Geosciences , P. R. Jones , ed., Austral ian Nat ional Academy of Sciences , pp. 204-208. Di llon, W. P. , and L. D. McGinnis. 1983. Basement St ructure Indicated by Seismi c-Refraction Measurements Offshore from South Carol ina and Adjacent Areas , in St udies Rel ated to the Charl eston, South Ca rol ina, Earthquake of 1886 - Tectonics and Seismi city, G. S. John, ed ., U.S. Geological Su rvey Prof. Paper 1313, pp. 1-7. Ervin, C. P., L. D. McGi nnis, R. M. Oti s, and M. L. Hall. 1983. Automated Analysis of Marine Refraction Data: A Computer Al gorithm, Geophysics , 48( 5) : 582-589. McGinnis, L. D� , D. R. Osby , and F. A. Kohout. 1982. Pal eohydrogeol ogy Inferred from Sal inity Measurements on Dry Val ley Drilling Project Cores from Tayl or Val ley, Antarctica, in C. Craddock , ed ., Antartic Geosciences , University of Wisconsin Press , pp. 1133-1139. Pederson , D. R., G. E. Montgomery , L. D. Mc Gi nnis, C. P. Ervin, and H. K. Wong. 1981. Aeromagnetic Survey of Ross Island, McMurdo Sound, and the Dry Val leys, in Dry Val ley Dri lling Project, Arrlerican Geophys. Union, Antarctic Research Series , L. D. McGinnis, ed ., 33: 7-26. 125 McGi nnis, L.D ., J. S. St uckl ess, D. R. Os by, and P. R. Ky le. 1981. Gamma ray, Sal inity, and El ectric Logs of DVDP Borehol es , in Dry Val ley Dri lling Project, American Geophys . Union, Antarctic Research Se ries , L. D. McGi nnis, ed ., 33: 95-108. McGi nnis, L. D. 1981. Se ismi c Refraction St udy in Western McMurdo Sound , in Dry Val ley Drilling Project , American Geophys . Union, Antartic Research Se ries , L. D. McGi nnis, ed ., 33:27-36. McGinnis, L. D., and C. P. Ervin. 1980. Reply to comment on Regional Free Ai r Gravity Anomal ies and Tectonic Observations in the Uni ted States , by G. D . Garl and, Jouranl of Geophys. Research, 85(89) :4882. McGi nnis, L. D. 1979. Th e Dry Val ley Drilling Project - An Exercise in International Cooperation, in the Proc. of the DVDP Seminar III on Dry Val ley Dri lling Project, 1978, Memoirs , Natl . Inst. of Pol ar Research, T. Nagata, ed ., Special Issue 13, pp. 1-21. McGi nnis, L. D. Cool ing Mechani sms and Effects on Mantl e Convection Beneat h Antarctica, in the George Burke Maxey vol . of Hydrol ogy, W. Back and D. A. Stephenson , eds ., Journal of Hyd rol ogy , 43:265-286. McGi nnis, L. D., and R. M. Otis. 1979. Refract ion Vel ocities on Georges Bank , Geophysics, 44( 6) :1022-1033. McGi nnis, L. D., M. G. Wol f, J. J. Kohsmann, and C. P. Ervin. 1979. Regional Free-Ai r Gravi ty An omal ies and Tectonic Obse rvations in the United States , Journal of Geophys. Res ., (B2) :591-601 . McGi nnis, L. D. , and R. M. Ot is. 1977. Comp ressional Vel ocities froM Multi channel Refraction Arrivals on Georges Bank, Proc . of Northwest At lantic, Offshore Technol ogy Conf. , May 2-5, 1977, Houston , Texas , Paper 2989, 4:227-236 . McGi nnis, L. D. , P. C. Hei gol d, C. P. Ervi n, and M. Heidari . 1976. Th e Gravity Fiel d and Tectonics of Illinois, Illinois State Geol . Survey, Ci rc. 494, 28 pp. Ervi n. C. P. , and L. D. McGi nnis. 1975. Reel foot Ri ft: React ivated Precursor to the Mississippi Embayment , Geol . Soc . Am . Bull., 86 : 1287- 1295. McGi nnis, L. D. , T. To ri i, and R. Cl ark . 1975. Antartic Dry Val ley Drilling Project : Report on Semi nar I, EOS -- Transactions of Am . Geophys . Union , 56(4) :217-220. McGi nnis, L. D. , and C. P. Ervi n. 1974. Ea rthquakes and Bl ock Te ctonics in the Illinois Basin, Geol ogy, 2: (10) :517-519. McGi nnis, L. D. , and P. C. Heigold. 1974. A Seismi c Refraction Su rvey of the Merodosia Channel Area of Northwestern Illinois, Illinois State Geol . Survey , Ci rc. 488, 19 pp. Mudrey, M. G., and L. D. McGi nnis. 1974. Antarctic Geol ogic Hi story Investi gated by Di amond Dri lling, Geol ogy, 2(6) :291-294. 126 McGinnis, L. D., K. Nakao� and C. C. Cl ark . 1973. Geophysical Identifi cation of Frozen and Unfrozen Ground, Antarctica, In Permafrost, 2nd Intern. Conf ., Yakutsk, Siberia, National Academy of Sci ences , pp. 136-146. Mudrey, M. G. , S. B. Treves, P. R. Ky l e, and L. D. McGinnis. 1973. Frozen Jigsaw Puzzle: First Bedrock Cori ng in Antarctica, Geotimes , 18( 11) :14-17. McGi nnis, L. D. , and T. E. Jensen . 1971. Perma frost-Hyd rogeol ogic Regime in Two Ice-free Val leys, Antarctica, from Electrical Depth Sounding, Jour. Quaternary Research , 1(3) :253-263. McGinnis, L. D. 1971. Gravity Fields and Tectonics in the Hindu Kush, Jour. Gph . Res. , 76(8) : 1894-1904. McGi nnis, L. D. 1970. Te ctonics and the Gravity Fi el d in the Continental Interior, Jour. Geophys. Res., 75:317-332. McGinnis, L. D. 1968. Gl aciation as a Possible Cause of Mi neral Depositi on, Econ. Geol ., 63:390-400. McGi nnis, L. D. 1968. Gl acial Crustal Bending, Geol . Soc. of America Bull., 79: 769-776. McGi nnis, L. D. 1966. Crustal Tectonics and Precambrian Basement in Northeastern Illinois, Illinois State Geologi cal Survey, Report of Investigati ons 219, 29 pp. McGi nnis, L. D. 1966. Gravity Base St ation Network in Il linoi s, Il linois State Geologi cal Survey, Ci rcul ar 398, 18 pp . Heigold, P. C., L. D. Mc Gi nnis, and R. H. Howard. 1964. Geol ogic Significance of the Gravity Field in the De-Wi tt-Mclean County Area, Il linois, Illinois St ate Geol ogi cal Su rvey , Ci rcular 369, 16 pp. McGi nnis, L. D., and J. C. Bradbury. 1964. Aeromagnetic Study of the Ha rdin County Area, Illinois, Illinoi s State Geol ogical Survey, Ci rcular 363, 12 pp. McGi nnis, L. D. , J. P. Kempton, and P. C. He igol d. 1963. Rel ationshi p of Gravity Anomal ies to a Dri ft -fi lled Bedrock Val ley System in Northern Il linois, Illinois St ate Geological Survey , Ci rcul ar 354, 23 pp. McGinnis, L. D. 1963. Earthquakes and Crustal Movement as Rel ated to Water Load in the Mi ssissippi Val ley Region, Il linois St ate Geol ogi cal Survey, Ci rcul ar 344, 20 pp. McGi nnis, L. D., and P. C. Hei gold. 1961. Regional Maps of Vertical Magnetic Intensity in Il linois, Illinois State Geol ogical Survey , Ci rcular 324, 12 pp. 127 McGi nnis, L. D. , and J. P. Kempton. 1961. Integrated Sei smi c, Res istivity and Geol ogic Studies of Gl aci al Deposits, Illinois State Geol ogical Survey , Ci rcular 323, 23 pp. PUBLICATIONS: Nonrefereed Articl es Wi l son, D. D. , L. D. McGinni s, W. J. Burdel ik, and T. L. Fasnacht. 1981. McMurdo Sound Upper Crustal Geophys ics, Antarctic Jour. of the U.S., 16:31-34. McGi nnis, L. D. 1980 . Seismic Refraction St udies in Western McMurdo Sound, Antarctic Jou r. of the U.S., 15:11. McGi nnis, L. D. 1979. Artesian Well at Don Juan Pond , An tarctic Jour. of the U.S., 15:26-27. McGinnis, L. D. , J. S. St uckless, and P. R. Ky l e. 1978. Si gnificance of Gamma- ray , Sal inity, and Electri cal Logs in DVDP Borehol es , DVDP Bull., No . 8, pp. 54-59. Pederson, D. R., G. E. Mo ntgomery , L. D. Mc Gi nnis, C. P. Ervi n, and H. K. Wong. 1978. Magnetic Study of Ross Island and Taylor Gl acier Qu adrangles , Antarctica. DVDP Bull. No . 8, pp. 72-73. McGi nnis, L. D. 1978. Polar Ground Water - a Thermo-Sal ine System, Proc . of the 2nd Co l loquium on Pl anetary Water and Pol ar Processes, Hanover, New Hampshire, Oct . 16-18 , 1978, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engi neeri ng Laboratory, pp. 7-10. McGi nni s, L. D. , and D. R. Os by . 1977. Logging Summary of the Dry Val ley Drilling Project, Ant . Jour. of the U.S., 12(4) : 115-117. McGi nnis, L. D. 1975. Dry Val ley Dri lling Project , 1974-75, Ant. Jour. of the U.S., 10(4) : 133-137 . McGi nnis, L. D. 1974. Dry Val ley Dri lling Project , 1973-74, Ant. Jour. of the U .S., 9(4) : 125-127 . McGi nnis, L. D . 1973. McMurdo Sound A Key to the Cenozoic of An tarctica, Ant . Jour. of the U.S., 8(4) : 166-169. McGi nnis, L. D. 1973. Dry Val ley Dri lling Project , 1972-1973, Ant. Jou r. of the U.S., 8(4) :257. Mudrey , M. G. , Jr. , N. E. Sh imp , C. W. Keighi n, G. L. Oberts , and L. D. McGi nnis. 1973. Chemical Evol ution of Water in Don Juan Pond , Antarctica, Ant. Jou r. of the U.S., 8(4) :164-166. McGi nnis, L. D., T. Torri , and P. N. Webb. 1972. Dry Val ley Drilling Project, Ant. Jour. of the U.S., 7(3) :7-10. McGinnis, L. D., and T. E. Jensen. 1971. Electri cal Depth Soundings in Antarctic Dry Val leys , Ant . Jour. of the U.S., 5:108. 128 McGi nni s, L. 1970. The Bedrock Su rface in Northeastern Illinois - A Review, o.34t h Annual Field Trip, Tri-State Gui debook, pp. 80-87. McGi nnis, L. D. , and W. W. Dud ley, Jr. 1963. Seismi c St udies of Th ree Areas in Northern Nevada, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, Technical Report No . 2, pp. 25-37 . Dudley, W. W., Jr. , and L. D. McGi nnis. 1962. Sei smi c-Refraction and Ea rth Resistivity Investigation of Hydrogeol ogic Probl ems in the Humboldt Ri ver Basin, Nevada, Desert Research Inst., Reno, Nevada, Technical Report No. 1, 29 pp. PUBL ICATIONS: Abstracts Kim, Y. , and L. D. McGinnis. 1985. Sy nthesis of Geophysi cal St udies in McMurdo Sound, Gondwana Conf ., Ohio State Univers ity, Col umbus , Ohio. Mento, D. J., C. P. Ervi n, and L. D. Mc Gi nnis. 1985. Ea rthquak e Periodicities in the New Madrid Sei smic Zone, Soc. Exp. Geophys . Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. Li sle, D. A. , L. D. McGi nnis, and C. P . Ervi n. 1985. Contemporary St ress Fields, Ancient Lithospheric Blocks , and Contemporary Earthquakes. Soc. Exp . Geophys. An nual Meeting, Washington, D.C. McGi nnis, L. D., and R. H. Bowen. 1984. Deep Refl ecti on Seismic Study on the East-West An tarctic Boundary, International Symposium on Deep St ructure of the Continental Crust : Results from Reflection Sei smology, .Cornel l Unive rsity, Ithaca, New York , Institute for the Stu�y of Continents, p. 56 . McGinnis, L. O. , J. L. Kreamer, and R. H. Bowen. 1983. Twel ve-fold Sei smi c Refl ection Profi ling in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, in program with Ab stracts , XVIII General As sefllbly of the IUGG, Geophysics of the Pol ar Regions, Hamburg. Wei , M. H., and L. D. McGinnis. 1982. Mi c rogravity Changes in the Mississippi Embayment , Geol . Soc. Am ., North Central Section, Abstracts with Programs . McGi nnis, L. D. , D. D. Wi lson, W. J. Burdel ik, and T. H. La rson. 1982. Crust and Upper Mantl e Study of McMurdo Sound, SCAR Fourth International Symp . on Antarctic Earth Sci ences , University of Adel aide, South Austral ia. Wi lson, D. D., and L. D. McGinnis. 1981. East-West Sei smi c Profi le of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, EOS, 63(33) :615. Burdel ik, W. J., and L. D. McGinnis. 1981. Geophysi cal Model of the Cru st in the McMurdo Sound Region, EOS, 63(33) :615. McGi nnis, L. D., D. D. Wi l son, and W. J. Burdel ik. 1981. Geophysical Profi le Across McMurdo Sound, EOS, Trans. American Geophys. Union, 62(17) :407-408. 129 La rson, T. H., and L. D. Mc Ginnis. 1980. Basement St ructure in Western McMurdo Sound from Reversed Seismic Refraction Profi les Shot on Sea Ice, EOS, Trans : Arrlerican Geophys . Union, 61(48) :1194. McGi nnis, L. D., T. H. Larson, and D. D. Wil son . 1980 . The Transantartic Fault Zone, Geol ogical Society of Ame rica, North Central Section Annual Meeting, Indiana University, Abstracts with Programs , 12(5) :250. McGi nnis, L. D. , T. H. Larson, H. Mi ller, and D. D. Wi l son. 1980. Evi dence for a Gl aciated Crystal line Basement and 7.5 km/s Refractor in McMurdo Sound, Trans. Am . Geophys . Union, EOS , 61:365. McGi nnis, L. D. 1979. Cause, Evidence and Consequence of Latitude Dependent Mantle Vi scosity, Geol . Soc. Am ., Annual Meeting, abstracts with Programs , 11(7) :475. Power, K. M., and L. D. McGi nnis. 1979. Energy Release Rates for Earthquakes in the Mississippi Ernbayment Region, Am . Geophys . Union , EOS , 61:48. Ervi n, C. P. , R. M. Ot is, M. L. Hal l, and L. D. McGi nnis. 1979. Al gorithm for Automated Analysis of Mari ne Refraction Data, Am . Geophys. Union , EOS, 61:48. Murphy , C. M., G. M. Ca rl sen, and L. D. Mc Gi nnis. 1979. Gravity Changes and Microsei smi city in the Mississippi Embayrnent , Arn . Geophys. Union , EOS, 61:48. McGi nnis, L. D. 1979. Se ismi c Refraction Detection of Subma rine Permafrost in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, EOS, Trans. Am . Geophys . Union, 60( 18) : 287-288. McGi nnis, L. D. , J. S. Stuckless, and P. R. Ky l e. 1978. Si gni ficance of Gamma Ray , Sal inity and Elect ri cal Logs in DVDP Borehol es , in Dry Val ley Drilling Project (DVDP) Semi nar III, Japan Natl . Inst . of Pol ar Research, DVDP Bull. No. 8, p. 54-59. Pederson, D. R., G. E. Mo ntgome ry , L. D. McGi nnis, C. P. Ervi n and H. K. Wong. 1978. Magnetic Study of Ross Isl and and Tayl or Gl acier Quadrangl es , Antarctica, in Dry Val ley Dri lling Project Semi nar III, Japan Natl . Inst . of Pol ar Research , DVDP Bull. No. 8, pp. 72-73. McGi nnis, L. D. 1978. Dry Val ley Drilling Project Semi nar III, Tokyo, Ant. Jour. of the U.S., Vol . 8, No. 4, p. 30. Wol f, M. G., L. D. McGi nnis, C. P. Ervi n, and J. J. Kohsmann. 1978. Tectonic Impl ications of the Regional Free-air Gravity Field in the Mid-continent , EOS, 59:228. Hal l, M. L., and L. D. Mc Ginn is. 1977. Comp ressional Vel ocity Di stri bution on the Atlantic Continental Shel f from Mul tichannel Refraction Arrival s - Ral eigh Bay to Georges Bank , Am . Geophys. Union, An nual Me eting, EOS , 58(6) :406. 130 Osby, D. R., and L. D. McGi nnis. 1977. Pal eohydrol ogy of Tayl or Val ley, Antartica Inferred from Sal inity of Pore Ice in Drill Core, Am . Geophys . Union, An nual Meeting, EOS, 58( 6) :385. McGinnis, L. C., G. M. Carl sen, and C. P. Ervin. 1977. Seasonal and Long Te rrn Ch anges in the Gravity Field Intensity in the Mi ssissippi Embayrnent , Am . Geophys. Union, Annual Meeting, EOS, 58(6) :431. Wolf, M. G. , L. D. McGi nnis, C. P. Ervi n, and J. J. Kohs�ann. 1977. Regi onal Free-air Gravity and Tectonic Observtions in the United St ates , Arn . Geophys. Union, An nual Meeting, EOS, 58(6) :431. McGi nnis, L. D., G. M. Carlsen, C. P. Ervin. 1977. Precision Gravity Level ing St udy in the Mi ssissippi Embayment, Geol . Soc. No rth Central Section, Abstracts with Programs , 9(5) :629. Arn., McGi nnis, L. D. , G. M. Ca rl sen, and C. P. Ervi n. 1976. Preci sion Gravity Level ing Study in the Mississippi Ernbayrnent , Geol . Soc. Am ., Abstracts with Programs , 9(5) :35. McGi nnis, L. D. 1976. Appl i cation of the Ghyben-Herzherg Pri nciple to an Understanding of the Physical Chemistry of Ross Island and New Harbor Core, DVDP Bull. No . 7, Northern Ill. Univ., p. 113-114. McGinnis, L. D. 1976. Sal inity Stratigraphy of Frozen Ground in the Dry Val leys, Antarctica, A Col loquium on Water in Pl anetary Regol iths, Dept . of Earth Sci ences , Dartmouth Col lege, U.S. Army Cold Regions Reseach and Engineering Lab. , p. 18-20. Jackson, J. K., L. D. McGi nnis, and M. G. Mudrey, Jr. 1975. Resistivity and Vel ocity Measurements on DVDP Co re from Ross Isl and and Lake Vida, Antarctica, DVDP Bull. No. 6, Northern Ill. Univ., pp. 10-12. Ervi n, C. P. , and L. Mc Gi nnis. 1975. Regional Crustal Variations in Ill inois, First D.An nual Midwestern AGU Meeting, Trans. Geophys . Union, 56(9) :602. Arn. Kohsrnann, J. , and L. D. Mc Gi nnis. 1975. Geophysical Li neaments and Earthquakes Within the Northern Mississippi Embayment , Geol . Soc. Arn ., Southeastern Section, 7(4) :487. Ervi n, C. P. , and L. D. Mc Gi nnis. 1975. Th e Reel foot Ri ft - Reactivted Precursor to the Mississippi Embayrnent , Geol . Soc. Am ., Southeastern Section, 7(4) :487. McGi nnis, L. D. , C. C. Cl ark , D. R. Pederson, H. K. Wong, C. P. Ervi n, and G. E. Montgomery. 1974. Ae rornagnetic and Refraction Seismic Studies for the Dry Val ley Drilling Project A Semi nar I (Seattle) , NSF-Japan, Soc . for the Promotion of Science, Quaternary Res . Center, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, May 29-31. Ervi n, C. P. , and L. D. McGi nnis. 1974. Crustal Change from Craton to Mississippi Ernbayrnent Determined from Gravity Fiel ds, Trans. Am . Gph. Un ion, 55:436. 131 McGinnis, L. D., and D. J. Leeds. 1974. Sei smi city of High Gravity Gradient Regions in the Illinoi s Basin, Trans . Am. Gph . Union, Vol . 55. McGinnis, L. D., and P. C. Heigol d. 1973. Gi ant Gl acial Grooves in the Me redosia Channel Area, Ill inois, Geol . Soc. Am ., 1973 Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs , 5:731-732 . McGi nnis, L. D. 1972. Crustal Trunction Determi ned from Gravity Fi elds , Geol . Soc. Am.,Nor th Central Section, Abstracts with Programs , 4( 7) : 589-590. McGi nnis, L. D. , P. C. Heigol rf, M. Heidari , and D. R. Ca rl son. 1972. Second Generation Gravity Studies in the Midcontinent , Geol . Soc. Am ., North Central Section, Ab stracts with Programs , 4(5) :337. McGi nnis, L. D. 1972. The Dry Val ley Drilling Project , presented at the U.S. Antarctic Orientation Program at Skyl and, Sept . 13-17, 1971. McGinnis, L. D. 1971. Groundwater Geophysics in Discontinuous Permafrost Terain, Trans . Am . Gph. Union, 52(4) :205. McGi nnis, L. D., A. R. Sowayan, and T. E. Jensen. 1970. Geophysical Studies of Ancient Mi ssissippi Ri ver Bedrock Val ley, Geol . Soc. Am., North Central Section, Abstracts with Programs, 2(6) : 394-395. McGinnis, L. D. 1969. Crustal Bending, Mascons , and Gravity An omalies, Trans. Am . Gph. Union, 50(4) :321. McGi nnis, L. D. 1969. Mascons and Crustal Bendi ng in the Continental Interior, Geol . Soc. Am ., South Central Section, Abstracts and Programs , Pa rt 2, p. 20. McGi nnis, L. D. 1968. Gl aciation as a Possible Cause of Mi neral Depositi on, Trans. Am . Gph. Union, 49( 1) :356. McGi nnis, L. D. 1965. Appl icati on of Seismi c and Gravi ty Exploration to Hydrogeologic St udies in Illinois, Trans. Am . Gph. Union, 46(1):77. Bentley, R., E. S. Robi nson , and L. D. McGi nni s. 1960. Se ismi c Velocity StudieC.s, Antartic Symp. in Buenos Ai res , Nov. 17-25, IUGG Monograph No. 5. PUBLICATIONS : Books and Book Editorships Parker, B. C., M. G. Mudrey, Jr., K. Cartwright , R. E. Cameron , and L. D. McGi nni s. 1978. Appraisal for the Dry Val ley Drilling Project Phases III, IV, V (1973-74, 1974-75, 1975-76), in Envi ronmental Impact in Antarctica, B. C. Pa rker, ed., Vi rgi nia Polytechnic Institute and St ate Univ., Bl acksburg , pp. 37-143. Parker, B. C., R. V. Howard , F. C. T. Al lmutt, and L. D. Mc Gi nnis. 1978. Summary of Envi ronmental Monitori ng and Impact Assessment of the DVDP, 132 in Envi ronmental Impact in An tarctica, B. C. Parker, ed ., Vi rgi nia Polytechnic Insti tute and State Uni v., Bl acksburg , pp. 211-254. Mud rey, M. G. Jr. , L. D. McGi nnis, and S. E. Treves. 1978. Summa ry of Field Activities of the Dry Val ley Drilling Project 1972-73 and 1973- 74, in Envi ronmental Impact in Antarct ica, B. C. Parker, ed ., Vi rgi nia Polytechnic Institute and State Uni v., Bl acksburg , pp. 179-210. McGi nnis, L. D. , ed. 1981. Dry Val ley Drilling Project, Ame rican Geophysical Union, Antarctic Research Series, V. 33, �65 pp . MAPS . McGinni s, L. D. , D. A. Steffy , and C. P. Ervi n. 1978. Simpl e Bougu er Gravity Map of Minnesota - Bemi dji Sheet , Mi sc. Map Series M-41 , Minn. Geol . Su rvey , St . Paul . McGi nnis, L. D. , J. K. Jackson , and C. P. Ervi n. 1978. Simple Bouguer Gravity Map of Mi nnesota - Brai nard Sheet , Misc. Map Series M-40, Mi nn. Geol . Survey , St . Paul . Hi l debrand, T. G. , C. P. Ervi n, J. Hendricks, G. R. Kel ler, L. D. McGi nnis, and R. G. Stearns. 1977. Bouguer Gravity Map of the Northern Mississippi Embayment, parts of Mi ssou ri , Arkansas, Tennessee , Kentucky, and Illinois, U.S. Geol . Survey Open File Report No. 77-228. McGi nnis, L. D., G. Du rfee, and R. J. !kol a. 1973. Simple Bouguer Gravity Map of Minnesota - Roseau Sheet , Mi sc. Map Series , Map rn-12. 133 VITA W. JOHN NELSON PERSONAL Present Position: As sociate Geologi st, Illinois St ate Geol ogi cal Survey Office Phone: (217) 344-1481, ext . 222 Office Address: Coal Section Illinois State Geol ogical Survey 615 E. Peabody Drive Champaign , IL 61820 Home Ad dress : 206 S. McCullough Urbana, IL 61801 Pl ace of Bi rth: Middlebury, Vermont Date of Bi rth: May 22, 1949 EDUCATION 1967 Deerfield Academy , MA (Hi gh School ) 1971 Wi lliams Col lege, Williamstown , MA; BS, Geol ogy 1973 University of Il linois, Urbana, IL; MS , Geology PROFESSIONAL EXPERI ENCE 8/ 1973-2/ 1974 Petrol eum geologist (trai nee) , Phillips Petrol eum Co., Denver, CO 3/ 1974-present Coal Section, Illinois State Geologi cal Survey PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Illinois Mi ning Institute Illinois Geol ogical Society MAJ OR RESEARCH INTERESTS Field geology of any nature Coal geol ogy, especi al ly geologic disturbances in coal seams Structural geol ogy, tectonics Sedi 111entation, depositional history Stratigraphy Pet rol eum geology Ore deposits PUBLICATIONS Damberger, H. H., W. J. Nel son, and H.-F. Krausse. 1980. Effect of geol ogy on roof stability in room-and-pillar mi nes in the Herrin (No. 6) Coal of 134 Il linois. Proceedi ngs , Fi rst Conference on Ground Cont rol Problems in the Illinois Coal Basin, Southern Illinois University, Carbondal e, IL, June 1980, Y . P. Chugh and A. Van Besien, Eds. p. 14-32. Illinois St ate Geologi cal Survey Reprint 1980P. DeMaris, P. J. , W. A. DiMichel e, and W. J. Nel son. 1979. A compression fl ora associ ated with channel -fi ll sediments above the Herrin (No. 6) Coal . Abstract , Ni nth International Congress of Ca rboniferous St ratigraphy and Geol ogy. Edwards , M. J., R. L. Langenheim, Jr. , W. J. Nel son, and C. T. Ledvi na. 1979. Lithologic patterns in the Energy Shale Member and the ori gin of 11 rol ls11 in the He rrin (No. 6) Coal Member, Pennsyl vanian, in the Orient No . 6 Mine, Jefferson County, Ill inois. Jour. Sed . Pet., vol . 49, no. 2, 1979. P. 1005-1014. Keys, J. N., and W. J. Nelson. 1980. The Rend Lake Fault Sy stem in southern Illinois. Illinois State Geol ogical Survey Ci rcular 513. 23 p. Krausse , H.-F., H. H. Damberger, W. J. Nel son , S. R. Hunt , C. T. Ledvi na, C. G. Treworgy, and W. A. White . 1979. Engineeri ng study of structural geol ogi c features of the He rri n (No. 6) Coal and associated rock in Ill inois. Vol ume 2 - detailed report . Illinois State Geol ogical. Survey , Final report to U.S. Bureau of Mi nes , Contract No . H0242017. 205 p. Krausse, H.-F., H. H. Damberger, W. J. Nel son , S. R. Hunt, C. T. Ledvina, C. G. Treworgy , and W. A. White. 1979. Roof strata of the Herrin (No. 6) Coal and associated rock in Illinois - A summa ry report . Illinois State Geologi cal Su rvey , Il linois Mi neral Note 72. 54 p. Krausse, H.-F., W. J. Nel son , and H. R. Schwalb. 1979 . Clear Run Horst of Rough Creek Fault Sy stem-Green Ri ver Parkway , Mi l epost 53. In , Depositional and st ructural history of the Pennsyl vanian System of the IlTTnois Basin (Pal mer and Dutcher, Eds.), Pa rt 1. Road log and descri ption of stops, Field Trip 9, Ninth International Congress of Carboniferous St ratigraphy and Geol ogy . p. 43-48. Nelson, W. J. 1979. Geol ogic effects of the Walshville channel on coal mi ni ng conditions in southern Illinoi.s. In, J. E. Palmer and R. R. Dutcher, Eds. , De position al and structura hi storyof the Pennsyl vanian Sy stem of the Illinois Basin - Part 2. Invited1 Papers, Field Tri p 9, Ninth International Congress of Ca rhoniferous St ratigraphy and Geol ogy. Nel son, W. J., and C. T. Ledvina. 1979. A gravitational sl ide in the Energy Sh al e Member overlying the He rrin (No. 6) Coal in southern Illinoi s. Compte Rendu, Ninth Internati onal Congress of Carboni ferous St ratigraphy and Geol ogy. In press. Ne lson, W. J., and R. L. Langenheim, Jr. 1980. Ecol ogi cal observations on Chaetetes in southern Nevada. Paci fic Geol ogy 14. p. 1-22 . Ne lson , W. J. , and R. B. Na nce. 1980. Geol ogi cal ma pping of roof condi tions, Crown II Mine, Macoupin County , Illinois. Soci ety of Mining Engi neers of AIME , Preprint No. 80-308. Il linoi s St ate Geol ogi cal Su rvey Repri nt 1981A. 9 p. 135 Nel son, W. J. 1981 . Faults and their effect on coal mining in Ill inois. Il linois St ate Geologi cal Su rvey Ci rcul ar 523. 38 p. Nel son, W. J., and H.-F. Krausse. 1981. The Cottage Grove Fault System in southern Illinois. Il linois St ate Geol ogical Survey Ci rcular 522. 65 p. Nel son, W. J., and P. J. DeMaris. 1983. St ri ke-slip fault in fl at-lyi ng strata of Macoupin County , Il linois. Abstract , Geol ogical Society of America, North-Central Section meeting, Madison , Wisconsin, April 28, 1983. Nelson, W. J., and S. K. Danner. 1982. Th in and disturbed Herri n (No. 6) Coal near upl and margins of the Illinois Basin. Abstract , Geol ogical Society of America , An nual Meeting, New Orl eans, Lou isiana, October 18, 1982 . Danner, S. K. , and W. J. Nel son. 1982. Prediction of geol ogi c anomalies in advance of mining: three case studies. Abstract, Ame rican Associati on of Pet rol eum Geol ogi sts , Ea stern Section Meeting,. Buffal o, New York , October 1982. Nelson, W. J. 1983. Geol ogic distrubances in Il linois coal seams . Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 530. 47 p. Nel son, W. J., and Donal d K. Lumm. 1984. St ructural geology of southeastern Illinois and vicinity. Ill inois State Geol ogical Survey , Contract/Grant Report 1984-2. 127 p. Nel son, W. J., and Donald K. Lumm . 1985. Ste. Genevieve Fault Zone, Missou ri and Illinois. Il linoi s St ate Geologi cal Su rvey , Contract/Grant Report 1985-3. 94 p. 136 VITA JOHN L. SEXTON PERSONAL Present Position: As sociate Professor of Geophysics, Southern Ill inoi s University, Carbondal e, Illinoi s Office Phone: ( 618) 453-3351 Office Ad dress: Department of Geol ogy Southern Illinois University-Carbondale Ca rbondal e, IL 62901 Horne Address: 222 Country Cl ub Lane Cartervi lle, IL 62918 Pl ace of Bi rth: Carmi , Illinois Date of Bi rth: May 21, 1942 EDUCAT ION 1964 Cl arion St ate Col lege; BS, Physics 1971 Indiana University; MA, Geophysics 1974 Indiana University; Ph .D. , Geophysics-Sei smol ogy PROFESSI ONAL EXPERIENCE 1964-65 Physics Teacher, Crestvi ew Hi gh School , As hland, OH 1965-66 Material s Engineer, The B. F. Goodrich Company , Akron , OH 1966-67 Engi neer, The Ma rtin Co. , Orl ando, FL 1967-69 Physicist, Naval Avionics Faci lity, Indianapol is, IN 1969-73 Indi ana University, Ph .D. Program, Bl oomington, IN 1973-75 Senior Geophysicist, Research, Texaco, Inc., Houston, TX 1975-78 As sistant Professor of Geophysics, Department of Geol ogy, Southern Illinois University, Carbondal e, IL 1978-82 As sistant Professor of Geophysics, Department of Geosciences , Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 1982-85 Su pervi sor of Expl orat ion Sy stems , ARCO Explorati on Company , Northeastern Region, Dal las, TX 1985-Present As sociate Professor of Geophysics , Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZAT IONS ,.I' Seismol ogi cal Society of Ame rica Soci ety of Expl oration Geophysicists Ame rican Geophysical Union Sigma Xi MAJ OR RESEARCH INTERESTS Seismic refl ecti on studies of the crust Data acquisition processing and interpretation of seismic data 137 PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS AT PROFESSIONAL MEETI NGS Sexton , J. L. , J. Mead, and A. J. Rudman. 1972. Feas ibil ity of Midwest Crustal Studies Based on Earthquake Surface Wave El lipticiti es, Presented at Indiana Academy of Sc i ence Meetings , Novemher 14-15, 1972, University of Notre Dame , South Bend, Indiana. Sext on , J. L. , and R. D. Co le. 1977. Maximum Entropy Spect rum An alysi s of Varved Oil Shale, Green River Formation, Col orado: ( Abstract) , Geol ogi cal Soci ety of Ameri ca ( GSA No rth-Central Se ction An nual Me eting, Ca rbondal e, Illinois, Apri l, 1977) . Cole, R. D. and J. L. Sexton. 1977. Rhythmi c Variations in Oi l-Shale Stratification: Green River Formation, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado ( abstract) , Geol ogical Society of Ame rica ( GSA North-Central Section Annual Meeting, Carbondale, Illinois, Apri l, 1977) . Steel e, Sheila, Sexton , J. L. and Hood , W. C. 1978. Radon Profi les of the New Madrid Seismic Region ( abstract) , Sei smological Society of Am erica ( SSA 73rd An nual Meeting, 1978) . Steel e, Sheila, Hood , W. C. and Sexton, J. L. 1978. Sp atial and Temporal Radon Fl ux in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, ( abstract) , Ameri can Geophysical Union ( AGU Midwest Meeting, September, 1978) . Sexton, J. L., Frey, E. Mal icki , D. 1979. Feasibility of Hi gh Resolution Se i smi c Refl ectP.,io n Su rveying in the Vicinity of Reel foot Sca rp in Northwestern Tennessee, ( abstract) , Geol ogical Soci ety of Am erica ( GSA . South-Central Section An nual Meeting, Mountain View, Arkansas, Ap ril, 1979) . Sexton, J. L., Bal dwi n, J. L., Brai le, L. W., Hi nze, J., Kel ler, G. R. w. '1979. Crustal Sei smi c St udi es in the Wabas h Ri ver Val ley Area, ( abstract) Geol ogi cal Soci ety of Ame ri ca ( GSA South-Central Section Annual Meeting Mountai n Vi ew, Arkansas, April, 1979) . Brai le, L. W., Hi nze, W. J., Sexton, J. L., Kel ler, G. R. , and Lidiak, E. G. 1980. Sei smo-Tectonics of the New Mad ri d Sei smi c Zone and its Extension - An Overview ( abstract) Geol ogical Society of Ame rica ( GSA North-Central Section An nual Meeting, Bl oomi ngton, Indi ana, Ap ril, 1980) . Bal dwi n, J. L., Sexton, J. L. and Brai le, L. W. 1980. Crustal Seismic Studies Re lated to the Northeast Extension of the New Madrid Sei smi c Zone, ( abstract ) Geol ogical Society of Am erica ( GSA North-Central Section Annual Meeting, Bl oomi ngton, Indiana, Ap ril , 1980) . Sexton, J. L. and W. J. Hinze. 1980. A Magnetic Profi le Map of the United States ( poster paper) , Ame rican Geophysical Union Mi dwestern Meeting, DeKalb, Ill inois, September, 1980. Sexton, J. L. , J. L. Bal dwi n, L. W. Brai le, W. J. Hi nze, and G. R. Kel ler. 1980. Crustal Models of the Wabash River Val ley Area from Seismi c Refraction Data ( abstract) . Ame rican Geophysical Union Mi dwest Me eting, DeKal b, Illinois, September, 1980. 138 Sexton, J. L. , J. L. Ba ldwin, and L. W. Braile. 1980. Seismic Wave Propagat ion Studies in the Wabash River Val ley Area using Coal Mi ne Blast Sou rces (abstract) , Sei smol ogi cal Soci ety of Ame rica, Eastern Section, Annual Meeting, The Pennsyl vania State University, State Col lege , Pennsyl vania, October, 1980. Sexton, J. L. , W. J. Hi nze, R. R. B. von Frese and L. W. Brai le. 1981. Long Wavel ength Aeromagnetic Map of the U.S.A., American Geophysi cal Union, Spring Meeti ng, Baltimore , Ma ryl and, May 25-29, 1981. von Frese, R. R. B., W. J. Hinze, J. L. Sexton and L. W. Braile. 1981. U.S. Ae romagnetic and Satel lite Magnetic Anomaly Compari sons, IAGA Meeting, Edi nburgh, Scotl anrl. Hinze, W. J. , J. L. Sexton, R. R. B. von Frese and L. W. Brai le. 1981. Correl ati on of Regional Geol ogic Features .with Long-Wavel enth Magnetic Anomalies, Geol ogi cal Society of Ame rica National Meet ing, Ci ncinnati , Oh io, November 2-5, 1981. Sexton, John L. and P. B. Jones . 1981. Hi gh Resolution Seismi c Reflection Surveyi ng on Reel foot Scarp, Geol ogical Soci ety of Ame rica Nati onal Meeting, Ci ncinnati, Oh io, November 2- 5, 1981. Braile, L. W., W. Hi nze, J. L. Sexton , G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Li diak. 1981. Sei smotectonJ.ic s of the Midconti nent USA, Geol ogical Society of Ame ri ca National Meeting, Ci ncinnati , Oh io, November 2-5, 1981. Jones, P. and J. L. Sexton. 1982. Evidence from Sei smic Refl ecti on Data and Sy nthetiR. c Sei smog ram Model Studies for Recurrent Faulting in the New Madrid Area (abstract), Geol ogical Soci ety of America North-Central Meeting, West Lafayette, Indiana , April 29-30, 1982. Sexton , J. L., L. W. Braile, and W. J. Hinze. 1982 . Sei smic Refl ection Surveyi ng in the Wabash Ri ver Val ley (abstract) . Geol ogi cal Soci ety of America North-Central Meeting, West Lafayette, Indiana, April 29-30 , 1982 . PUBLICAT IONS Menendez , M. G. , and J. L. Sexton. 1968. Appl icability of Ra izer' s Method of Cal cul ating the Degree of Ioni zation of a Multi ply Ionizerl Ideal Gas : Journal of Appl ied Physics, February, 1919-1921. Sexton , J. L., J. Mead and A. J. Rudman. 1973. Feasibility of Midwest Crustal St udi es Based on Earthquake Su rface Wave El lipticities: Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences, v. 82, 341-346. Sexton, J. L., A. J. Rudman and Judson Mead. 1977. El lipticity of Rayl eigh Waves Recorderl in the Midwest : Bul letin of the Seismologi cal Soci ety of Ame rica, v. 67, No . 2, 369-382, Ap ril, 1977. Steel e, Shei la, W. C. Hood and J. L. Sexton . 1983. A Study of Spatial and Temporal Radon Variation in the New Madrid Se ismic Reg ion, 1983, in U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey Professional Paper 1236-H on Seismotectonic Studies in the Central Mi ssissippi Val ley. 139 Sexton, J. L., and D. Mal icki . 1979 . A Microprocessor Engineering Seismic anrl Computing System , Geoexploration, v. 17, 111-124. Sexton, J. L., E. P. Frey and D. Mal icki . 1983. High Resol ution Seismic Refl ection Surveying on Reel foot Scarp , No rthwestern Tennessee, 1983, in U. S. Geol ogical Survey Professional Paper 1236-H on Sei srnotectonic Studies in the Central Mi ssissippi Val ley. Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hi nze , J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler and E. G. Li diak. 1979. An Integrated Geophysical and Geol ogi cal Study on the Tectonic Framewo rk of the 38th Paral lel Li neament in the Vi ci nity of its Intersection with the Extension of the New Madrid Fault Zone, NUREG/CR-1014 , prepared for the U.S. Nuclear Regul atory Commi ssion. Brai le, L.W., Hi nze, W.J., Sexton, J.L., Kel ler, G.R., Lidiak, E.G. 1981. An Integrated Geophysical and Geol ogi cal St udy of the Te ctonic Framewo rk of the 38th Pa ral lel Lineament in the Vicinity of its Intersecti on wi th the Extension of the New Mad ri d Fault Zone, NUREG/CR-1878, prepared for the U.S. Nucl ear Regul atory Commi ssion. Brai le, L. W., Hi nze, W. J. , Se xton , J. L. , Kel ler, G. R., Li di ak, E.G. 1982. A Tectonic Study of the Extension of the New Madrid Fault Zone near its Intersection with the 38th Pa ral lel Li neament, NUREG/CR-2741, prepared for the U.S. Nucl ear Regul atory Commission. Sext on, J. L., W. J. Hi nze, R. R. B. van Frese and L. W. Braile. 1982. Long-Wavel ength Aeromagnetic Anomaly Map of the Contermi nous U.S.A., Geol ogy, v. 10, 364-369, July, 1982. von Frese, R. R. B., W. J. Hi nze, J. L. Sexton and L. W. Brai le. 1982. Verificat i on of the Crustal Component in Satel lite Magnetic Data, Geophysical Research Letters . Col e, R. D. and J. L. Sexton. 1981. Pl eistocene Su rficial Deposits of the Grand Mesa Area, Col orado, New Mexico Geol ogical Society Guidebook, 32nd Field Conference , Western Sl ope Col orado, 121-126. Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hinze, J. L. Sexton, G. R. Kel ler, and E. G. Lidiak. 1982. Se i smi city and Tectonics of the Midconti nent Uni ted St ates , Proceedi ng of the Thi rd International Earthquake Microzonation Conference , June, 1982. Braile, L. W., J. L. Sexton, K. Ma rtindal e, and C. S. Ch iang. 1982. Sei smi c Wave Generation and Propagation from Coal Mi ne Blasts at the Wri ght Mi ne, Warrick County , Indi ana , Fi nal Report , 343 p. · Sexton , J. L., L. W. Brai le, W. J. Hinze, and M. J. Campbel l. 1986. Seismi c Refl ection Profiling studies of a Buri ed Precambrian Ri ft Beneath the Wahash Val ley Fault Zone, Geophysics, Ma rch , 1986 . Brai le, L. W., W. J. Hi nze, John L. Sexton, G. R. Ke l ler, and E. G. Lidiak. 1986 . Tectonic Development of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Tectonop hysics. 140 . Sexton , J. L. and P. B. Jones . 1986. Evidence for Recurrent Faulting in St anley, W. D. 1984. Te ctonic St udy of the Cascade Range and Co lumbi a the New Madrid Seismic Zone From Mi ni Sosie High Resol ution Seismic Refl ection Data, in press , Geophysics, September, 1986. Sexton , J. L. and P. B. Jones . 1986. Mi ni Sosie Hi gh Resol ution Refl ection Survey of the Cottonwood Grove Fault in Nort hwestern Tennessee, submi tted to Bul letin of the Seismol ogical Society of America . 141 VITA WILLIAM DAL STANLEY PERSONAL Present Position: Ch ief of Shal low Crustal Geophysics Section, Branch of Geophysics, U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey Offi ce Phone: {303) 236-1328 Offi ce Address: USGS, MS 964 Box 25046 , Denver Federal Ce nter Denver, Col orado 80225 Home Address: 1855 South Arbutus Cou rt Lakewood, CO 80228 Place of Bi rth: Cleburne, Texas Date of Bi rth: November 6, 1939 EDUCATION 1966: Texas Technol ogi cal University, Lubbock , Te xas, B.S. Mathematics 1970: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, Ph .D. Geophysics PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1970-1985: Research Geophysicist , U.S . Geol ogical Survey 1985-present : Supervisory Geophysicist, U.S. Geol ogical Survey PROFESSI ONAL ORGANIZATIONS Ame ri can Geophysical Union Geol ogical Soci ety of Ame rica Soci ety of Expl oration Geophysicists MAJ OR RESEARCH INTERESTS Electromagnetic and seismi c exploration methods Crustal con PUBLICATIONS St anley, W. D. 1983. Regional El ectrical St ructures in the Cascades and their significance in geothermal and vol cano hazards assessment [abs.]: Ame rican Geophysical Union Fal l Meeti ng , Sa n Francisco. 142 St anl ey, W. D. , and R. D. Ti nkl er. 1983. A practical , low-noi se coil system for magnetotel luri cs : U.S. Geol ogi cal Survey Open File Report 83- 85, 18 ms pages , 20 illustrations. Stanley, W. D. 1984 . Tectonic study of the Cascade Range and Columbia Pl ateau based upon magnetotel l uric soundings: Journal Geophysi cal Resea rch , v. 89 , no. B6, p. 4447-4460. Stanl ey , W. D., and J. L. Pl esha. 1985. Electromagnetic geophysics appl ied to sediment subduct ion and deep source gas: Progress report on U.S. Geol ogical Survey Department of Energy Interagency Agreement DE-Al21- 83MC2422-Task No . 4. Stanley, W. D. , A. R. Saad , and W. Oh ofugi . 1985. Ut ilizat ion of magnetotel luri cs in regional hydrocarbon exploration in the Parana Basin, Brazi l: Ame rican As sociation Petrol eum Geologi sts Bul letin, v. 69, no. 3, p. 457-471. St anley, W. D. 1986. Compari son of magnetotel luri c/tectonic models from Mesozoic orogenic regions of the United States and Europe [abs.]: International As sociation of Geomagnetism and Ae ronomy Workshop on EM Induction in the Earth and Moon, August 1986 , in press. Stanley, W. D. 1986. Magnetotel luric study of a comp ressed flysch system in the Healy and adj acent quad rangl e, central Al aska, Branch of Al aska Geol ogy Ci rcul ar, in press. Fritterman, D. B., R. J. Bi sdorf, W. D. St anl ey, and A. A. R. Zo hdy . 1986 . Geothermal signifi cance of an extensive conductor beneath Newberry vol cano, Oregon: presented at McKel vey Symp osium, Denver, Col orado, February 5-6, 1986 . - 143 - VITA PETER R. VAIL PERSONAL • Present Position: W. Mauri ce Ewi ng Professor of Oceanography, Rice University Office phone: 713/ 527-4880 Office address: Department of Geol ogy and Geophysics Rice University P. O. Box 1892 Houston, TX 77251 Date of Bi rth : January 13, 1930 EDUCATION AB : Dartmouth Col lege - 1952 (Geol ogy) M.S. and Ph.D. - Northwestern University - 1956 M.S. Thesis: "The Igneous and Metamorphic Complex of the East Boulder Ri ver Area , Montana" Ph.D. Thesis: "Stratigraphy and Lithofacies of Upper Mi ssissippian Rocks in the Cumberland Plateau" PROFESSI ONAL EXPERIENCE R,ice Uni versity, . W. Mau ri ce Ewi ng Professor of Oceanography - 1986 to present Exxon Production Research Company and Predecessors - 1956 to 1986 From research geol ogist with the Research Division of Carter Oil, Tulsa, Okl ahoma (a predecessor) to Senior Research Scientist with Exxon Product ion Research - Houston, Texas PROFESSI ONAL ACTIVITIES GSA-DNAG Commi ttee Co-Chai rman - Sedimentary Cover of the Craton , 1983- Advisory Committee Member for Consortium for Conti nental Reflection Profi ling (COCORP), Site Sel ection Comm, 1974-81 , Executive Comm . 1986- Member, International Subcommi ssion on Stratigraphic Classifi cation, 1976- SEG Distinguished Lecturer, 1986 SEPM Distinguished Guest Speaker, 1984 Member of JOIDES Passive Margin Panel , 1978-83 Member, Ocean Sci ence Board of the National Academy of Science, 1979-82 Member of AAPG Research Committee, 1978-83 Councilor, Geological Soci ety of Ameri ca, 1979-82 Gal l agher Visiting Scientist, Uni versity of Cal gary, November 1980 Chai rman and Editor, Pal eoenvi ronments of Cont i nental Envi ronments , International Geological Congress, Paris, France, 1980 Chai rman of Research Grants Committee of GSA, 1978-79, Member 1976-78 Member, Geodynami c Sy ntheses Commi ttee of Geodynamic Project , 1974-76 Visiting Scienti st, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Massachusetts, 1976 Organized AAPG-SEG School on "Stratigraphic Interpretation of Sei smi c Data" , - 144 - 1976; Lecturer 1976 and 1977 AAPG Distinguished Lecturer, 1975-76 Memberships • Sigma Xi Geological Society of America (Fel low) Ame ri can Associ ation of Pet rol eum Geol ogists Soci ety of Expl oration Geophysici sts (honorary member) Soci ety of Economi c Pal eontol ogi sts and Mi neral ogists Houston Geophysical Soci ety (honorary member) Geological Soci ety of Houston Ameri can Association for Advancement of Sci ence (Fel low) European As sociation of Exploration Geophysici sts Geologi cal Soci ety of London Honors Wi lliam Smi th Medal , Geol ogi cal Soci ety of London (1986) Di stinguished Lecturer, Society of Exploration Geophysici sts (1985) Bul l erwel l Lecturer, United Ki ngdom Geophysical Society (1983) Distinguished Achievement Award for Indi vidual s, Offshore Technol ogy Conference (1983) Best Paper Award , Hou ston Geol ogi cal Soci ety (1983) Geophysi cal Soci ety of Houston (honora ry membership) 1982 - AAPG President 's Awa rd for Best Publ i shed Paper (1977) Vi rgi l Kauffman Gold Medal Award for the Advancement of the Science of Geophysical Exploration, SEG Annual Meeting, 1976 AAPG Distinguished Lecturer (1975-76) List of 16 publ i cations suppl ied on request.