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Download Download ABC Research Alert ANIMAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE AND SERVICES: A CASE OF PASTORALISTS IN NGORONGORO DISTRICT, TANZANIA LUTHER ZABLON KITANDU A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN A PATIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN Rural Development OF Sokoine University Of Agriculture. Morogoro, Tanzania. 2013 ABC Research Alert, Vol 2, No 3 (2014) ii ABSTRACT While good governance has been on the development agenda, animal health governance issues have remained relatively neglected in the debate on animal health services. This has resulted in inadequate public and private sector investment in animal health services in pastoral remote areas. The study had three specific objectives: to assess animal health governance, to analyse animal health services, and to determine governance related factors affecting animal health services. The study was conducted in Ngorongoro District, Arusha Region, Tanzania. A cross-sectional research design was used in this study. A structured questionnaire with open and close-ended questions was administered. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select the district, three wards and three villages. A sample size of 125 respondents was drawn from three villages by using simple stratified sampling procedure. Data were analysed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were computed to assess animal health governance. Frequencies, percentages and cross- tabulation were used to analyse animal health services. The findings showed there was a weak chain of command within the animal health governance structure. The findings also revealed poor availability of animal health services in pastoral areas. Research findings showed significant association between governance and animal health services χ2 = 6.085 (p < 0.05). There was significant differences in the mortality of livestock where governance factors held differently (T-test = 50.230, P < 0.05). This study recommends a need to improve animal health governance, supportive institutional and legal frameworks in order to improve animal health services in pastoral areas. iii DECLARATION I, Luther Zablon KITANDU, do hereby declare to neither the Senate of Sokoine University of Agriculture that this dissertation is my own original work done within the period of registration and that it has neither been submitted nor being concurrently submitted in any other institution. ____________________________ _____________________ LUTHER ZABLON KITANDU Date (MA Rural Development student) The above declaration is confirmed ____________________________ _____________________ Dr. Kim A. Kayunze Date (Supervisor) iv COPYRIGHT No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author or Sokoine University of Agriculture on that behalf. v AKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation and accomplishment of this dissertation would not have been possible without the help of my wife Frida who spent much from her little earning to sponsor my studies. I am deeply appreciative of the patience and understanding of my family throughout the study period. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor, Dr. Kim A. Kayunze for his enduring effort, tireless assistance, guidance, encouragement and constructive criticisms and ideas, which were extended early from the development of the proposal, data entry and analysis, and report writing. I also extend my sincere thanks to the Development Studies Institute (DSI) management for offering this study. Further appreciations go to all academic members of the Development Studies Institute (DSI) for their tireless efforts to guide and help they offered me during the study. Many thanks to my colleagues for their cooperation and experiences we shared during our study. Lastly but not the least, my thanks go to community leaders of Ngorongoro District especially those of Orgosorok, Digodigo and Enduleni wards for their assistance during data collection. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... ii DECLARATION................................................................................................................ iii COPYRIGHT ..................................................................................................................... iv AKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURE ............................................................................................................ xii LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................. xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATION............................................................................................ xiv CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background Information .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem Statement ....................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Justification of the Research ........................................................................................ 6 1.3 Objectives and Hypotheses .......................................................................................... 6 1.3.1 General objective .......................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Specific objectives ........................................................................................ 7 1.3.3 Hypotheses .................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................ 8 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 8 2.1 Governance .................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Animal Health Services ............................................................................................. 13 vii 2.3 Structural Adjustment Programs ................................................................................ 15 2.4 Reform Programme .................................................................................................... 17 2.5 Privatisation of Animal Health Services .................................................................... 18 2.6 Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs)........................................................ 22 2.7 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................. 23 2.7.1 Function ...................................................................................................... 24 2.7.2 Benefits of the stakeholders‟ theory ........................................................... 24 2.7.3 Problems of the stakeholder theory............................................................. 25 2.8 The Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................... 26 2.8.1 Efficiency .................................................................................................... 27 2.8.2 Effectiveness ............................................................................................... 27 2.8.3 Transparency ............................................................................................... 28 2.8.4 Accountability ............................................................................................. 28 2.8.5 Participation ................................................................................................ 29 2.8.6 Rule of law .................................................................................................. 30 2.8.7 Responsibility ............................................................................................. 30 2.8.8 Consensus oriented ..................................................................................... 30 2.8.9 Equity and inclusiveness ............................................................................. 31 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................... 32 3.0 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 32 3.1 Study Area ................................................................................................................. 32 3.2 Selection of the Study Area ....................................................................................... 33 3.3 Research Design......................................................................................................... 34 3.4 Sampling Procedure ..................................................................................................
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