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Assessment on Impact of Human Population Pressure on the Sustainabilty of Ngorongoro Conservation Area

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Assessment on Impact of Human Population Pressure on the Sustainabilty of Ngorongoro Conservation Area The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Natural Sciences Master Dissertations 2015 Assessment on impact of human population pressure on the sustainabilty of Ngorongoro conservation area Daniel, Godfrey The University of Dodoma Daniel, G. (2015). Assessment on impact of human population pressure on the sustainabilty of Ngorongoro conservation area. Dodoma: The University of Dodoma. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/618 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. ASSESSMENT ON IMPACT OF HUMAN POPULATION PRESSURE ON THE SUSTAINABILTY OF NGORONGORO CONSERVATION AREA Godfrey Daniel A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillments of the Requirements for a Degree of Maters of Science in Natural Resources Management University of Dodoma October, 2015 CERTIFICATION The undersigned certify that he has read and hereby recommends for an acceptance by University of Dodoma, a dissertation entitled: Assessment on Impact of Human Population Pressure, on the Sustainability of Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Arusha region, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Natural Resources Management at the University of Dodoma. ……………….. Prof. Abiud Kaswamila (Supervisor) Date…………………… i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Godfrey Daniel, declare that, this dissertation is my own original work and it has not been presented and will not be presented, to any other University for similar or any other degree award. Signature…………………….. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author or University of Dodoma. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The study, is a result of a combined efforts of a large number of people to whom I am indebted. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Abiud Kaswamila for his guidance, support and encouragements to bring this work at this stage. Special thanks are also extended to NCAA and the Ngorongoro District Executive Officer, who gave me permission to undertake this study in their area of jurisdiction. Sincere thanks, are also extended to my colleagues of Masters of Science Natural Resource Management with whom I shared knowledge, experience and leisure time. I would like also to express my sincere thanks, to Mr. and Mrs. Tonde Slivester who accommodated me during data collection at Embarway secondary school. Furthermore, special thanks should go to Charles Cliety, my lovely wife Marry Kinyaiya and my friends Charles Cleity, John Jonsia, Mrema Dikson and Msoka Leodega; I thank you for kind cooperation and wishes of a good luck, also I wish you all good luck. I am deeply indebted to my research assistants Mr. Selembo Albert and Kiparment Taruru who assisted me in translating data collection instruments from Maasai to Swahili and for interviewing the respondents. Last but not least, I wish to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all members of my family without forgetting my parent Mrs. Daniel Gilagu for their patience, endurance and moral support during the entire period of study. However, it should be noted that any shortcomings on this research are entirely belong to me. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my lovely mother Bernadetha Gilagu and my lovely wife Marry Kinyaiya. iv ABSTRACT This study has assessed the impact of human population pressure on the sustainability of Ngorongoro Conservation Area, at three selected villages namely: Enduleni, Ngorongoro and Nainokanoka. Data were collected by using Household questionnaires survey, focus group discussion and interviews. One hundred respondents and thirteen key informants were involved in the study. Quantitative Data, were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.1 and content analysis was used for qualitative information. Results of the study have revealed that, human population in study area has continued to increase in average of 30% to 40%. Majority of the respondents felt that, there were challenges facing the NCA in controlling human population pressure, on the sustainability of NCA which were lack of family planning education (32%), availability of land for socio-economic activities like livestock keeping tourism and business activities (25.5%), Immigration of the people to NCA (24%). However, there had conservation threats results due to human population increase within NCA, which was destruction of natural vegetation (27%), wild animals became more vigilant (17.6%), Poaching (10.9%), the exchange of diseases between domesticated animals and wild animals (12.9%). The study concludes that, NCA is very important in Tourism sector in Tanzania, Therefore there is a need for the Government, NGO‟s and tourism stakeholders, to ensure that human population pressure was reduced by making campaign on family planning education, controlling of Political pressure and restricting immigrants for the sustainability of the NCA. Moreover there had suggested ways on how to reduce human population growth, within NCA for the sustainable conservation such as restricting immigrants within NCA, controlling political pressure, provision of environmental education and enforcement of environmental by laws. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION .................................................................................................................... i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT .....................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. xi LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the study .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement Problem ............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Research Objectives ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 General Objective ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Organization of the Dissertation ........................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................................... 5 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Key Terms and Concepts ................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Natural Resources ........................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Conservation ................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Biodiversity ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.4 Protected Area ................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Human Population History in NCA ................................................................................... 6 2.3 Human Population and Natural Resources Conservation in Tanzania .............................. 7 2.3.1 Human Population and Wildlife ..................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Land Use ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Institutional Framework of Natural Resources .................................................................. 9 vi 2.5 Legal Framework for Conservation of Natural Resources ................................................ 9 2.5.1 National Wildlife Policy ............................................................................................... 10 2.5.2 National Environmental Policy ....................................................................................
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