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Forced Evictions of Maasai People in Loliondo, Tanzania

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Forced Evictions of Maasai People in Loliondo, Tanzania URGENT ALERT August 2017 Forced evictions of Maasai people in Loliondo, Tanzania Maasai homestead set on fire Forced evictions and human rights violations Precise data at this time is not available, but ac- According to reliable information received by cording to the information received the following IWGIA, forced and illegal evictions of Maasai pas- violations have taken place: toralists and serious human rights violations are right now happening in Tanzania. These violations • On the 13th and 14th of August 2017, an take place on registered village land in Loliondo estimated 185 Maasai bomas (homesteads) Division of Ngorongoro District, Arusha Region. were burned down by Serengeti National Park (SENAPA) and Ngorongoro Conserva- Reports indicate that Maasai houses/bomas tion Area Authority (NCAA) rangers, support- have been burned down, livestock have been ed by police from Loliondo. As a result, it is lost, people have been forced to pay fines, estimated that approximately 6.800 people and have been harassed and threatened. It is have been rendered homeless, had most of reported that there is lack of water and food and their property destroyed and been left with- that men, women, children and the elderly have out any shelter, food or water. The number to sleep out with no shelter. Families are being is still increasing since the violent eviction separated, and many people are now suffering is still going on. People’s livestock are also from psychological trauma because of the evic- unprotected and many have scattered into tions and harassment. The evictions are creat- the surrounding areas. ing food insecurity and lead to impoverishment. 01 URGENT ALERT August 2017 • It is yet to be established how many live- to the SENAPA rangers. It is also reported that stock have been lost. However, it is reported even pastoralists grazing their cattle outside that more than 2000 livestock have been the park boundaries have been fined. In con- lost in Ololosokwa village alone. junction with this, it is also reported that at least one young man from Olosokwan village The eviction operation started on the 13th of has been shot and seriously injured by SENAPA August in Ololosokwan village, and on the 14th rangers outside Serengeti National Park. Now of August the operation reportedly continued in the ongoing evictions and harassment, coupled several other areas: Oloosek, Illoibor Ariak, En- as it is with the drought, make the local peoples’ dashata areas in Ololosokwan village, Oleng’usa situation even more desperate. area in Kirtalo village, Oloorkiku area in Oloipiri village and Loopilukuny area in Oloirien village. Who ordered the evictions and why? All the affected areas are classified as legally It is not entirely clear who ordered the eviction. registered village land as per the Village Land Reportedly there was no consultation at either Act no. 5 of 1999 under the formal administra- District Council or Village Government level, nor tion of their respective village governments as with the people directly affected, which means per the Local Government Act. there was no agreement on the evictions either. There was no warning given. The evictions take place at a point of time where pastoralists are trying to cope with a serious The evictions and human rights violations are drought in the area, which has diminished the carried out by armed SENAPA and NCAA rangers quantity and quality of pastures for their live- supported by Loliondo police officers. stock. There are incidents reported of pastoral- ists grazing their livestock within the Serengeti It is also not clear why the evictions are happen- National Park, and having to pay massive fines ing and no official reason has so far been given. Maasai homestead set on fire 02 URGENT ALERT August 2017 It will be important to clearly establish who livestock from this 1.500 km2 area of Loliondo ordered the evictions and why such that these village land that serves as OBC’s core hunting relevant authorities can be held responsible. The area. Hundreds of houses were burned and latest development is that a press statement thousands of cattle were chased into an ex- released by the Ministry of Natural Resources treme drought area, which did not have enough and Tourism stated that the purpose of the op- grass or water to sustain them. See IWGIA eration is to remove livestock and housing from Briefing Note for more information: http://www. Serengeti National Park and also from the bound- iwgia.org/publications/search-pubs?publi- ary areas, which are legally registered village cation_id=745. After these evictions people land, and it is clear from the press release that eventually moved back. houses/bomas are being burned on village land. There have been several attempts to change The evictions, harassment and human rights the legal status of the area from village land to violations take place within an area of where some form of protected game reserve/game several other attempts of forced evictions have controlled or Wildlife Management Area and taken place over the years (such as in 2009 this has always been strongly resisted by the where thousands of people lost their homes pastoralists/local villagers and District Council. and properties). Local leaders say that the For example, in 2010-2011 OBC funded the Land ongoing eviction is an operation organized to Use Planning Commission to develop a draft ensure that there will be no more people or live- district land use plan that proposed turning the stock living in the villages of the area. This area, coveted 1.500 km2 of village land into a Game which is legally registered village land encom- Controlled Area (where people and livestock passing 8 villages, covers 1.500 km2 and has would not be allowed to live). This plan was long been leased by the Government of Tan- strongly rejected as illegal by the Ngorongoro zania as the key hunting block in the Loliondo District Council. Game Controlled Area. The current eviction operation is surprising be- A powerful player in the area is the United Arab cause it comes at a time where a commission Emirates company Otterlo Business Cooper- has been working to try to identify a solution ation (OBC), which has since 1992 carried out to the Loliondo land conflict. This committee hunting activities in the area for international was set up in December 2016 by Prime Minis- elites including royalty. This has for many years ter Kassim Majaliwa and led by the Regional caused local residents serious concern about Commissioner for Arusha Mrisho Gambo. The the security of their land rights, and OBC has committee comprises representatives from previously campaigned for the government to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, turn the 1.500 km2 of village land into a pro- the Ministry for Lands and Human Settlements, tected area where people and livestock would TANAPA, TAWA, the Regional Commissioners not be allowed to live. It is not clear if the OBC is office, the National Security Committee, con- involved in the ongoing eviction operation, how- servation organizations, 4 community mem- ever, it has been alleged that OBC is the main bers, OBC and Thomson Safaris. The commit- financial supporter of the operation. tee has completed its report and it was sent to the Prime Minister on the 20th of April 2017. In 2009 the government launched an operation There has not been any reaction from the Prime to forcefully and extrajudicially evict people and Minister so far. 03 URGENT ALERT August 2017 Shortly after the committee had been estab- Violation of international law lished, the Minister for Natural Resources and Under international law, forced evictions are Tourism made on the 25th of January 2017 a considered a gross violation of human rights declaration that the 1.500 km2 of land (coveted that can only be justified in the most exception- by OBC) had to be taken away from the villages. al circumstances and only then if they comply This is in stark contrast to a speech delivered with specific standards and respect specific by Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda Kayanda in legal processes. None of this is the case for Loliondo in 2013 where he declared that the the ongoing forced evictions in Loliondo, which land in question is village land and belongs to constitute a clear violation of numerous inter- the people. This speech gave people hope – a national human rights frameworks, including hope that has unfortunately been crushed by the among others the African Charter on Human recent events. and Peoples’ Rights, the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Right to Food Threats against human rights defenders and the Right to Adequate Housing. It is reported that individuals and organizations which seek to protest against the evictions Recommendations and human rights violations are being threat- IWGIA calls upon the international community to ened and there have allegedly been threats to urgently establish dialogue with the responsible de-register NGOs, which attempt to raise their authorities in Tanzania and to urge them to: voices on these issues. Serious harassment and arbitrary arrests and torture of human rights • Immediately stop the illegal eviction opera- defenders from the area took place in 2016 (see tion and human rights violations IWGIA Briefing Note: http://www.iwgia.org/ publications/search-pubs?publication_id=748) • Compensate the victims for the losses they and it is feared that this will now happen again. have suffered, including loss of property Leaders at district level such as councilors and Members of Parliament are also threatened not • Ensure that the victims have sufficient to speak out. access to humanitarian assistance such as food and shelter, and if necessary provide Violation of Tanzanian Law food aid.
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