General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union Colloquium 20

Home , Bernard Cazeneuve, Prefect (France)

General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union Colloquium

20 YEARS AFTER 9/11: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES OF EU COUNTER-TERRORISM EFFORTS

SPEAKERS IN THE CLOSING SESSION

Block 1 - 20 years after 9/11

Bernard CAZENEUVE is a lawyer and a former Prime Minister of France. He started his political career as a member of several ministerial cabinets between 1991 and 1993. He then held several elected offices in the Manche department from 1994 to 2012, including that of Mayor of Cherbourg-Octeville, First Vice-President of the region of Basse-Normandie and Deputy for the Manche department. Bernard Cazeneuve was also a judge at the French High Court of Justice and the Court of Justice of the Republic between 1997 and 2002. During the 2012 presidential election, he was appointed as one of François Hollande's four spokespersons. He was then successively appointed Minister Delegate for European Affairs (2012), Minister Delegate for the Budget (2013). and, during a ministerial reshuffle in 2014, Minister of the Interior, a position he held until December 2016. Bernard Cazeneuve was then appointed Prime Minister by François Hollande, until the resignation of his government in 2017, after the presidential election. He then joined the law firm AUGUST DEBOUZY as a partner. Bernard Cazeneuve currently chairs the board of directors of Sciences Po Bordeaux and teaches a course on "France and the challenges of the fight against terrorism" at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris. He is also President of the "Club des Juristes".

Catherine DE BOLLE is the Executive Director of Europol. Before taking up her post as Europol’s Executive Director in May 2018, Catherine De Bolle served as General Commissioner of the Belgian Federal Police from 2012. Prior to her appointment as Belgian Police Commissioner, Ms De Bolle was Chief of Police in Ninove. In January 2015, she has received the title of Public Manager of the year. From November 2015 until November 2018, she was a member of the Executive Committee of Interpol. Ms De Bolle studied law at Ghent University and then went on to graduate from the Royal Gendarmerie Academy in Belgium.

Joëlle MILQUET is the first President of the Strategic and Advisory Committee of ECES (European Centre for Electoral support) since 2020. In 2017, she was appointed Special Adviser to President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker for the compensation of victims of crime. She has held top governmental positions in Belgium, including Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Employment and Gender issues (2008-2011), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior (2011-2014) and Minister of Education and Culture (2014-2016). She was also Chair of the Security Committee of Brussels’ Regional Parliament (2016-2019) and city councillor in Brussels- City (2006-2018). She was previously Vice President of the PSC (1995-1999), and was elected President of the party in 1999, rebranding it to cdH where she served as President from 1999 to 2011. Before that, Milquet was a lawyer of the Brussels Bar (1985-1992). She also worked as an auxiliary clerk to the Belgian judge at the Court of Justice of the European Communities in Luxembourg. A graduate in Law from the Université catholique de Louvain and has a LLM in European Law from the Europa Instituut-Universiteit van Amsterdam.

Frédéric VAN LEEUW is Federal Prosecutor in Belgium. He joined the Brussels Public Prosecutor's Office in 2000, assigned to the family and youth section. In 2002, he was appointed deputy public prosecutor in Brussels and was specifically responsible for the fight against urban gangs and serious juvenile crime. In 2006, he was assigned to the correctional section of the Brussels public prosecutor's office, before joining the federal public prosecutor's office in November 2007. At the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office, he is responsible for the fight against organised crime and is particularly involved in computer crime. In this field, he participated in several expert missions for the Council of Europe and the United Nations. He also organises training courses in computer crime for Belgian magistrates as an expert for the Belgian School of Magistrates, the Judicial Training Institute, of which he is a director. In 2014, he became head of the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office, following his appointment as federal prosecutor. In this capacity, he participates in the meetings of the Belgian National Security Council and the College of Public Prosecutors. He is also a member of the College of Public Prosecutors. In June 2018, the Council of Ministers appointed Van Leeuw as chairman of the Intelligence and Security Coordination Committee, a post he assumes in addition to his task as federal prosecutor. The Coordination Committee brings together the heads of the various services in charge of security and intelligence in Belgium and plays a major role in the preparation and execution of the decisions of the National Security Council.

Block 2 - Evolution of the threat and of the means

Věra JOUROVÁ is currently Vice President of the European Commission for Values and Transparency and deals with democracy, rule of law, disinformation and media pluralism. From 2014 to 2019, she served as EU Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality. In 2014, before arriving to the European Commission, Ms Jourová held the position of Minister for Regional Development in the Czech Republic. Previous to this, from 2006 to 2013, she worked in her own company as an international consultant on European Union funding, and was also involved in consultancy activities in the Western Balkans relating to the European Union Accession. She holds a Degree in Law (Mgr.) and a Master's degree (Mgr.) in the Theory of Culture from the Charles University, Prague.

Peter NEUMANN is Professor of Security Studies at the Department of War Studies, King’s College London, and served as Director of its International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation (ICSR) from 2008 to 2018. In 2017, he was the OSCE's Special Representative on Countering Violent Radicalisation. Neumann’s latest book in English is Bluster: Donald Trump’s War on Terror, which was published by Hurst and Oxford University Press in early 2020. Prior to this, he authored Radicalized: New Jihadists and the Threat to the West (IB Tauris, 2016), which originally came out as Die neuen Dschihadisten (Ullstein 2015). Other books include Old and New Terrorism (Polity Press, 2009); and The Strategy of Terrorism (with M.L.R. Smith) (Routledge, 2008). He has published dozens of peer-reviewed articles and policy reports on issues related to terrorism, counter-terrorism, radicalisation, and counter-radicalisation. Neumann is a Senior Fellow at the Egmont Institute in Brussels and the Royal United Services Institution (RUSI) in the United Kingdom. He also serves as an adviser to the Club de Madrid, the association of former heads of state and government.

Laurent NUÑEZ is the French National Coordinator of intelligence and the fight against terrorism. In this capacity, he is responsible for carrying out a global analysis of the threat and for suggesting a line of action in terms of intelligence and the fight against terrorism to the President of the Republic, while ensuring the implementation of coordination and information-exchange mechanisms. Between October 2018 and July 2020 he was Secretary of State to the Minister of the Interior, after being entrusted by the President of the Republic, upon his election in 2017, with the reins of the Directorate General of Internal Security (DGSI), in charge of the fight against terrorism. Laurent Nuñez began his career as a tax inspector. He was admitted to the École nationale d'administration by internal competition in 1997 as a member of the Cyrano- de-Bergerac class. In 1999, he joined the Ministry of the Interior in the Directorate General of Local Authorities (DGCL) as a civil administrator. In 2003 he was appointed sub-prefect general secretary of the Haute-Saône prefecture in Vesoul before returning to the Ministry of the Interior two years later as head of the office for the management of the prefectural corps. In 2008, Laurent Nuñez joined the prefecture of Seine-Saint- Denis where he was confronted for the first time with security issues as director of the prefect's cabinet. From 2010 to 2012, he was sub-prefect of Bayonne in the Basque Country. He then joined the Paris police prefecture on his appointment as prefect, head of cabinet of the police prefect from 2012 to 2015. He then became head of the Bouches-du-Rhône police prefecture.

Eleonore PAUWELS is a Senior Fellow with the Global Center on Cooperative Security in New York City. Eleonore conducts in-depth research on the security and governance implications generated by the convergence of artificial intelligence with other dual-use technologies, including cybersecurity, genomics and genome-editing. Eleonore explores and analyzes our converging technological futures, unveilling emerging signals and drivers of change, such as the Internet of Bodies, Genomes and Minds, Cognitive- Emotional Conflicts and The New Deception Machine, Smart but Vulnerable Cities in the era of AI-led Cybercrime, or The Rise of Bio-Citizens (Democratization of Genomics Technologies). Eleonore provides expertise to the World Bank and the United Nations, as well as to governments and private sector actors, on AI-Cyber Prevention, the changing nature of conflict, foresight and global security. In 2018 and 2019, Eleonore served as Research Fellow on Emerging Cybertechnologies for the United Nations University’s Centre for Policy Research. At the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, she spent ten years within the Science and Technology Innovation Program, leading the Anticipatory Intelligence Lab. She is part of the Scientific Committee of the International Association for Responsible Research and Innovation in Genome-Editing. She is a former official of the European Commission’s Directorate on Science, Economy and Society. Eleonore regularly testifies before U.S. and European authorities including the U.S. Department of State, NAS, NIH, NCI, FDA, the National Intelligence Council, the European Commission and the UN. She writes for Nature, The New York Times, The Guardian, Scientific American, Le Monde, Slate, UN News, The UN Chronicle and The World Economic Forum.

Sir Rob WAINWRIGHT is a senior partner at Deloitte, advising the boards and executive teams of global companies on cyber security, financial crime and other areas of risk. He previously served as Executive Director of Europol, the European Union law enforcement agency, for almost a decade. Here he helped established the European Counter Terrorism Centre and the European Cybercrime Centre, and led the transformation of Europol into a world-class security institution. Sir Rob has had a 28- year career in intelligence, policing, government, EU and international affairs, including at the Serious Organised Crime Agency, National Criminal Intelligence Service and the British Security Service. In June 2018 he was awarded a Knighthood by HM The Queen for his services to security and policing. He has worked across a range of pioneering security solutions in technology, data and intelligence operations, including driving new

public-private initiatives on cyber security and financial crime in banking and other sectors through the World Economic Forum (WEF) and Institute of International Finance. Sir Rob is a Board Member of the Global Cyber Alliance, the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery, and the Wilton Park Advisory Council. He is the Chair of a Global Experts Group with the Global Coalition to Fight Financial Crime, and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Information Security. Sir Rob currently hosts the podcast series Insights on Responsible Business.

Block 3 - The external dimension

Michèle CONINSX was appointed Assistant Secretary-General (ASG) and Executive Director of the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres on 11 August 2017. Ms. Coninsx took up her functions on 3 November 2017. Prior to her position at the United Nations, Ms. Coninsx was President of Eurojust – the European Union agency tasked with dealing with judicial cooperation in criminal matters –2012-2017, after having served as its Vice- President for five years. In addition, Ms. Coninsx was National Member for Belgium at Eurojust, and Chair of Eurojust’s Counter-Terrorism Team. Before joining Eurojust, Ms. Coninsx was a Federal Prosecutor (Magistrat Fédéral) in Belgium dealing with terrorism and organised crime. She holds a Belgian noble title of Baroness, as well as the title of Fellow of Law and Criminology at the University of Brussels (Vrije Universiteit Brussel (2014-2017)), Visiting Professor in the School of Law at Queen Mary University of London (2015-2018), and in the College of Europe (2016-2018). Ms. Coninsx has a Master’s Degree in Law, a Master’s Degree in Criminology, and is a specialist in Air Law and Aviation Security (UK – USA). She also served for nine years as an expert in aviation security for the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

John T. GODFREY is the U.S. Department of State's Acting Coordinator for Counter- terrorism and Acting Special Envoy for the Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS. Mr. Godfrey came to CT from the U.S. Embassy in Riyadh, where he served for over half of his 2015- 2018 tour as Acting Deputy Chief of Mission, and before that as Political Counselor. From 2013-2014 he was Chief of Staff to then Deputy Secretary of State Bill Burns, during a period that encompassed the emergence of ISIS, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and attempted annexation of Crimea, and the Egyptian Armed Forces’ removal from office of President Morsy. Other previous assignments include Arms Control Counselor at the U.S. Permanent Mission to International Organizations in Vienna (2010-2013); Deputy Political Counselor for Northern Affairs at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad (2009- 2010); and Political and Economic Counselor at the U.S. Embassy in Tripoli (2007-2009), where he was part of the small team that finalized the U.S.-Libya Claims Settlement Agreement, securing compensation for families of victims of the Lockerbie bombing and other acts of terrorism. He also served as Staff Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, as Political and Economic Chief at the U.S. Embassy in Ashgabat, and as Political Officer in Damascus, where his tour coincided with the death of former President Hafiz al-Asad and the succession of Bashar al-Asad. Mr. Godfrey holds a B.A. in Political Science from the University of California at Los Angeles and an M.A. in Middle East and North Africa Studies from the University of Michigan.

Jamie SHEA CMG, is Visiting Professor of Strategy and Security of the Strategy and Security Institute, University of Exeter, and member of the Group of Strategic Advisors of the NATO Special Operations Forces Command at SHAPE in Belgium. Prior to joining the University of Exeter, Jamie Shea was an international public servant and a member of the International Staff of NATO for 38 years. His last NATO post was Deputy Assistant Secretary General for Emerging Security Challenges. Other positions included Director of Policy Planning in the Private Office of the Secretary General, Deputy Assistant Secretary General for External Relations, Public Diplomacy Division, Director of

Information and Press, and Spokesman of NATO. Outside NATO, Jamie Shea has been a Professor at the Collège of Europe, Bruges for 20 years, Visiting Lecturer in the Practice of Diplomacy, University of Sussex, and Associate Professor of International Relations at the American University, Washington DC. Jamie Shea is a Senior Transatlantic Fellow of the German Marshall Fund of the United States and a Senior Fellow at the London School of Economics, where he teaches a course on crisis management and political communication. Jamie Shea is an Associate Fellow at Chatham House, serves on the Board of the Danish Defence College, is a Senior Advisor at the European Policy Centre and a Senior Fellow at Friends of Europe.

Ali SOUFAN is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Soufan Group. A leading national security and counterterrorism expert, he plays a significant advisory role in global intelligence issues. As an FBI Supervisory Special Agent, Ali investigated and supervised complex international terrorism cases, including the East Africa embassy bombings, the attack on the USS Cole, and the events surrounding 9/11. He had a distinguished career in the FBI, including serving on the Joint Terrorism Task Force, New York Office, where he coordinated both domestic and international counterterrorism operations. He often operated out of hostile environments and carried out sensitive extraterritorial missions and high-level negotiations, and he has received numerous awards and commendations for his work. These include the FBI Director’s Award for Excellence, the Respect for Law Enforcement Award for “relentless pursuit of truth and bringing terrorist subjects before the bar of justice,” and a commendation from the U.S. Department of Defense that labeled him “an important weapon in the ongoing war on terrorism.” Ali has testified before the U.S. Congress, presidential commissions, and the British Parliament’s Home Affairs Committee, and he has appeared as an expert panelist and guest speaker at international security forums, both in the United States and abroad. Ali is an honors graduate of Mansfield University of Pennsylvania, where he received his undergraduate double degree in International Studies and Political Science, minoring in Cultural Studies and Anthropology. He received a Master of Arts in International Relations from Villanova University, graduating magna cum laude.