Spring Coin Show and Sale Recap - Pages 16 & 17 www.edmontoncoinclub.com VOL 58. ISSUE 3 April 2011 Edmonton Numismatic Society

$4.25 The Planchet

Maundy Money

Interpreting Arms

A Greek Leader 1800’s Page 6 VOL 58. ISSUE 3 April 2011 The Planchet

Other Stuff Feature Articles Message From The President 3 6 A ’s Worth Not Something that was Expected 3 Next Meeting A find at the Spring Show and Sale sparks an article on a the issuance of 1800’s Prussia About Your Society 5 coinage. by Marc Bink 18 Coin Collecting in Elementary School 14 Ancient/Medieval My Finds Souvenir of New York 20 A Greek tetradrachm of Alexander III King of Macedon provides an insight into one of the Nickle Numismatic Lecture 30 greatest conquerors in history. by Terence Cheesman 31 Coming Events /Classified / New Members 19 Money Highly collectable `money’ issed by the British The Planchet Team: Editor-In-Chief: Roger Grove Monarchy - steeped in tradition. Content Editor: Chris Hale by Bud Collins & Roger Grove Co-Editors: Pierre Driessen & Marc Bink Pro Dolecta Exonumiae On-Line Distribution: Pierre 22 Driessen Heraldic Devices on British Coins Printing and Mailing: Howard Gilbey An often overlooked symbol appearing on coinage for centuries provides a wealth of information into the political and dynastic ON THE COVER: 1684, Brandenburg-Prussia, KM- landscape. 429, featuring Friedrich Wilhelm 1 of by Pierre Driessen

2011 Prussia, as Duke; Coronation , Prussia, 1861; Groschen, 1539, Albert of Prussia.

Disclaimer:The opinions herein are those of the individual authors and are not necessarily those of the Edmonton Numismatic Society. The editors, at their sole discretion, reserve the right to © The Planchet April accept or refuse any material submitted for publication. 2 Message from the President David Peter

Well, spring is upon us. I hope that everyone is enjoying the weather that has been long awaited. Our March show was another success. I would like to thank all the volunteers and everyone who brought people out to the show. Thank you for your support.

I know that I mention it after each show, but I want all of the volunteers to understand the appreciation I and the other bourse chairmen have for the men and women behind the scenes. Without you our successful shows would not be possible at all.

Once again, we had high attendances by both visitors and dealers. I hope everyone had a chance to add something new to their collections at the show. If not, they had an opportunity to see some nice displays and coins that they might not have a chance to normally see. I hope to see some of the new acquisitions at the upcoming meeting for show and tell. And there is always the silent auction for those looking to sell some of their seconds.

David

@ The Next Meeting Wednesday, April 13, 2011

Royal Alberta Museum, 12845 - 102 Avenue Meeting Start Time 7:15pm

- March 2011 Edmonton Coin Show and Sale recap - Club matters - Silent auction - Show and tell of new finds from the show and sale

- Presentation: Coinage of Hannibal’s War (the Second Punic) - 218 - 201 B.C. by: Terry Cheesman 2011

For more information regarding these events, or to add an item to the agenda

please send an email to [email protected] © The Planchet April 3 FEEL CONFIDENT IN YOUR ■✔ DECISION TO CONSIGN The Proven Our contracts are based on a simple sales percentage with Choice! no hidden fees or sliding scale contracts that may not be in yourur best interest. When you consign with The Canadian Numismaticmatic Company you become a business partner, the better you do, thehbh better b we do. TCNC’s low commission coupled with higher selling prices results in more money for you. We also offer free pick up on large collections. We will make the process simple and hassle-free for you.

THE ABSOLUTE FINEST MARKETING IN NUMISMATIC AUCTIONING.

The Canadian Numismatic Company advertises with full page ads in the Canadian Coin News Journal, different U.S.A. publications, and two web sites. We excite the numismatic collecting market with full colourful catalogues produced. We are proud of our 5,000+ client listing who we stay in touch with via direct mail and email. We attend numismatic shows and utilize our internet site.

TCNC IS DEDICATED TO SELLING numismatics. TCNC sells thousands of coins, tokens and banknotes per year. This is our business, our passion, our expertise! 202010-2011AUCTION10 PUBLIC AAUCCTIOON SCSCHEDULEHEDULE DECEMBER 2010 SANTA SALE - QUEBEC CITY Venue Location Auction Date Consignmentg Deadline FEBRUARY 2011 WINTER SALE - QUEBEC CITY TOREX TORONTO, ONTARIO FEBRUARY 26-27 December 22, 2009 APRIL 2011 SPRING SALE - QUEBEC CITY TLC HAMILTON, ONTARIO MAY 15 MARCH 10, 2010 OFFICIAL AUCTIONEER JUNE 2011 TOREX - TORONTO TOREX TORONTO, ONTARIO OCTOBER 22-223 AUGUST 300,, 2010 OFFICIAL AUCTIONEER JULY 2011 RCNA - WINDSOR

THE CANADIAN NUMISMATIC COMPANY 1300 boul. 5220 Lebourgneuf 1st avenue, suite Quebec 130, city,Quebec QC city, G1H Quebec 2V2 G2K 2N1 Tel : 418-628-9838 Fax : 418-628-2790 Toll free : 1-877-276-8627 Email: [email protected] Web:Web:www.tcnccoins.com www.cpnum.qc.ca About Your Society

March 9, 2011 ENS Club Meeting club shirt. The show is full with all tables being sold. We now ENS Board The meeting was opened at have a waiting list for the next 7:26PM by Marc Bink, Vice- show in the fall. There are still 2011 Executive President. David Peter, President, a few advance tickets remaining was unable to attend the meeting. for sale. We have placed a lot of David Peter - President show signs throughout the city Jamie Horkulak - Past A recap of the Calgary show and surrounding areas. President from the previous weekend was provided. There was lots of Memberships are now past due. Marc Bink - Vice President Canadian coinage at the show. Unpaid memberships will no Pierre Driessen - Treasurer The bourse was relatively active longer receive The Planchet or with approximately 500 people any other benefit of being an ENS Roger Grove - Secretary attending the show. member. Directors Chris Hale The special show edition of The Marc provided an update on the Planchet was released later than Sherritt materials. The list the Greg Wichman normal, but it was still sent volunteers provided to Sherritt Jeremy Martin prior to the meeting. Members management is in the final stages Mitch Goudreau who receive it by e-mail would of approval. Marc hopes to hear have received it the day of the in a month or so. There is little Howard Gilbey meeting, while those who still documentation to be found so far, John Callaghan receive it by postal mail will but Marc is hopeful that some will Marv Berger receive it in the coming days. turn up for research purposes. Larry Priestnall A discussion about the upcoming Coffee Break Bob Eriksson show occurred. Marc thanked Terry Cheesman all the volunteers who signed up Movie – “Ascent of Money – Part Ermin Chow (Junior Director) for the show; all slots were filled. II” The appraisal table could use of a Webmaster: Markus Molenda couple more volunteers to assist Break Librarian: at it. Talk to Marc and he will take Mitch Goudreau your information and let you know Show and Tell: Show Chair: David Peter when you will be needed. Marc - March Bink shared samples of Social Activities: has books that he can bring as mintstate 1945 S and “micro” S Pierre Driessen reference materials. Those who Mercury dimes, as read about Facebook: Ermin Chow volunteer will get to see a little in last month’s issue of The Twitter: bit of everything, from hammered Planchet. He also passed around Roger Grove European coins, to Canadian, to a medallion from the 1939 Winter PRIVACY POLICY paper money to anything you can Games in . The Edmonton Numismatic Society (ENS) imagine. Set-up for the show - Ermin Chow showed his new does not engage in the sale nor distribution of personal information to third parties for will begin at about 5:00 PM, and $20 face-value silver coin from commercial purposes. All information collected if the last show is any indicator the RCM. is strictly for ENS internal use and purposes, to permit the ENS Executive and its agents of this one, set-up should be - Marv Berger showed an 1863 to communicate with you about ENS related done around 9:00PM. The last bronze Montana medal. matters and to provide you with the full show went very smoothly. The - Jamie Horkulak passed around benefits of ENS membership. ENS will have a club table, and “the nicest business strike” MS66 THE PLANCHET COPYRIGHT NOTICE © Copyright 2011. All information herein, if anyone wants to volunteer 1946 Canadian 25-cents. ICCS the design, style and format are the property 2011 for that, please see Marc. With population reports list this as 1. of the Edmonton Numismatic Society (ENS). All rights reserved. No part hereof may be a minimum of three hours reproduced in any form or medium, electronic volunteering, volunteers will get The meeting adjourned, and or otherwise, without the express written entered into the “Go for the Gold” members gathered to further consent of the ENS Executive Committee. Current members of the ENS are entitled to volunteer recognition program. discuss numismatics at the 124 make one (1) printed copy of this issue and

They will also have access to the St. Boston Pizza. to store one (1) copy in electronic format as © The Planchet April part of their membership privileges, further hospitality suite and receive a distribution is strictly prohibited. 5 Not Something that was Expected By Marc Bink

really didn’t think I was going to be able to get away. The appraisal table Iat our Spring show was busy again. The line-ups started first thing on Saturday morning and only periodically let up enough for me to get a quick look on the floor. I was actually getting tired of looking at coins. So with a jaded outlook and a few minutes to spare I did a bit of hunting and came up with a totally unexpected find that I figured would warrant an article. The coin I found is a Coronation Thaler from Prussia capital of the combined territories of Brandenburg dated 1861. It commemorates the coronation of -Prussia. Berlin at that point in time was a Wilhelm I of Prussia as “King of Prussia” following mosquito-blown swamp that really didn’t have A Penny’s Worth the death of his brother Friedrich Wilhelm IV. I anything to recommend itself except for a couple would consider my coin to be of bridges across the Spree nice EF, with some original River. It had no architectural luster and acceptable toning monuments to speak of, and on it. Normally I wouldn’t most buildings were built buy something this “new”, primarily with wood and very preferring instead a nice temporary. It could have been medieval Thaler as opposed compared to just about any to something from the 19th garrison town in any Imperial century. But his coin had hinterland and wasn’t a nice something that attracted place to be sent to. Foreign me to it. Maybe it was the diplomats considered it a form design; I’m not sure. But of exile and sought ways to here it is, and here’s the story return to favour with their behind it. own monarchs while stationed there. The ruler of the Mark of Without going into too much Brandenburg was just a simple detail, Prussia’s recent Elector, a station of nobility history has been one filled with no real power except with conflict and expansion. over his own domains. He It has also been plagued by was considered an underling mediocre rulers served by among the Princes and the brilliant administrators. For Dukes of other states. All the every “good” ruler it had, Elector of Brandenburg was there were usually a series expected to do was vote for of 2 or 3 “bad” ones. Most new Holy Roman Emperors of the territorial gains that when necessary and then go the Prussians made could be home and count sheep, if he attributed to any one of the didn’t sink into the morass brilliant administrators who around where the palace worked in the name of their was located. And then there king. But Prussia never came 1861 Coronation of Wilhelm IV were the “pure” Prussians by any of these successes themselves. These people naturally or by heredity. It lived further up north in a was all due to a lot of hard work murdering and place called Konigsberg and were the remnants 2011 killing others, usually Poles. of the old Teutonic Order. In fact, it was the last Master of the Order who started a process which For a number of centuries Prussia was just a would eventually unify Germany in 1871. Albert

backwater state with a mostly agrarian economy of Hohenzollern got tired of being the source Seig Heil that was largely ignored by the larger powers. By of ridicule for all the other Electors, Dukes, th © The Planchet April the early 16 century Berlin was becoming the Margraves, Princes, Kings and whatever other type Lorant, 6 Northgate Stamp & Coin 12516 118 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta. T5L2K6 www.northgatestampandcoin.com Edmonton’s Fastest Growing Coin Shop • Gold • Silver Hours of Operation • USA Coins Monday...... 10:00 - 6:00 Tuesday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • World Coins Wednesday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • Canadian Coins Thursday...... 10:00 - 6:00 Friday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • Colonial Tokens Saturday...... 10:00 - 5:00 • Provincial Coins Sunday...... CLOSED • World Paper Money Holidays...... CLOSED • Canadian Paper Money • Trade /Medallions SPECIAL OFFER TO ENS MEMBERS • Royal Canadian Mint Coins • Collector Supplies 10 % OFF • Wholesale/Retail 2010/2011 Royal Canadian Mint Coins* • & MORE!

OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTOR Valid ENS membership card required Contact: Matthew Sztym Lawayne Musslewhite * Some conditions apply. Offer does not include select special issue products, bullion,780-424-8511 or face value coins. Offer only valid with presentation of a valid ENS membership card. We withhold the right to revoke the offer at any time. These are all from Prussian silber , features Fred-Will 3, 4 and Will 1 A Penny’s Worth of autocratic leader they had in the German States with the Poles and the Lithuanians and cement at the time. He started a process that would result the far eastern frontier of German culture. After in Prussia being obliterated in 1947 after a brief his brothers died he was able to take over their stint at the top of European and world politics. possessions in Germany and set up his Duchy as Brandenburg-Prussia. Besides innumerable conflicts Albert of Prussia1 is considered to be the “father” with the Poles afterward, Prussian history then of modern Prussia. He was elected as the “Grand started to recede into the background again until Master” of the Teutonic Knights in 1511. It was Friedrich I decided to get himself crowned as a hoped that he would be able to stop the decline in “King in Prussia”. the fortunes of the Order that had been evident since 1410. Usually when one hears about the Friedrich I3 was just a Duke and a Margrave when Teutonic Knights, one gets the mental image of a he finally persuaded Leopold I, the Holy Roman bunch of drunken cutthroats holed up in a castle Emperor, to grant him the title of “King in Prussia”. drinking and carousing, murdering and wenching, This title only allowed him to be a “King” in Prussia but the Teutonic Knights were slightly different. proper, which was still considered outside of the They were cutthroats and probably drunk most Empire. He did this by allying himself and providing of the time, that much is probably true. Their troops to the Emperor during the War of the attempts to spread Germanic culture had resulted Spanish Succession. He crowned himself King in in the eradication of any Slavic group in what is 1701. It wasn’t until his grandson Friedrich II (also now Prussia, but they were subordinate to the known as Frederick the Great) ascended the throne Pope and were a celibate order. Albert started a that their tiles were changed to “King of Prussia”. war with the Poles and was in the process of losing Frederick the Great didn’t have a very good go of it when he decided to change a few things. Since it in the beginning. His father was a tyrant in good Prussia proper was outside of the Holy Roman German tradition and hated his son for wanting to Empire, he needed the support of the Holy Roman be different. He insisted that Frederick become a Emperor. On the way to see the Emperor, he good soldier and geared his early education and decided to see what this Martin Luther2 character experience toward that goal. Frederick, on the was all about, since he was holed up in one of other hand, had other ideas. He was very well his German dominions. He saw Luther and was tuned toward music and the arts and didn’t really persuaded by him to renounce the Order, embrace give a fig about soldiering. However, it is rumoured evangelicalism, give up celibacy, and make his that he did like the soldiers. lands a Duchy. This he promptly did. He managed to come to an agreement with the emperor as Frederick the Great4 eventually got around to well. Then he was able to eventually win his battle playing soldier and turned out to be a rather 1 Albert III of Prussia, 1490-1568. He was the last Grand Master of the Teutonic 3 Friedrich I, King in Prussia, 1657-1713, received permission to use this title 2011 Knights and the first Duke of Prussia-Brandenburg upon inheriting property from as a result of an alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor against Louis XIV of his brothers. He removed Prussia from Polish suzerainty and allied it more with France during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-14). The Rule was that the Germanic Holy Roman Empire. there could be no other Kingdom inside the Holy Roman Empire except the 2 Martin Luther, 1483-1546, German reformer and founder of Lutheranism. He Bohemian, and since Prussia was outside of the Empire proper, Friedrich could started the German Reformation in 1517 when he nailed 95 theses to the door of only be a king inside of Prussia and nowhere else. the Wittenberg Church. Unifying and codifying the German language with his 4 Frederick the Great, 1712-1786, crowned in 1740, decided that the Emperor

© The Planchet April writings, he was very influential and was supported by more than a few German was too weak to enforce the old rules and thereafter called himself “King of Princes. Prussia”. Who was going to stop him? 8 good one. He is referred to as the was sweeping across Europe in the “Soldier King” in German history. form of Napoleon Bonaparte6. He is largely responsible for creating the Prussian army Prussia did manage to come out and the legends associated of the Napoleonic Wars rather well with it. His reign was but not for lack of blundering. marked by numerous Friedrich Wilhelm III7 managed A Penny’s Worth successful battles with the to get clobbered by Napoleon Holy Roman Empire and at Jena and fled to Memel. He others to consolidate all wasn’t considered to be too of his diverse lands. He bright or all that motivated. made numerous alliances Though a good soldier he didn’t and fought against huge have his predecessor’s brains. coalitions in order to His queen, Louise, is thought to realize his goals. After 1772 have had more influence on policy he called himself the “King than he did. He more or less of Prussia” because he now resigned himself to the losses, retained all of the property but the queen, who was also associated with it. The only time Coronation Thaler, rumoured to be in love with the he just about lost it all was in Prussia, 1861, KM 488 Russian Czar, persuaded many in 1762, but then Catherine the Prussia to restart the army. The Great of Russia managed to Russians, along with the Prussians, expire, and with her demise the united with the British to send the Russians were knocked out of little Corsican back to where he the war. This allowed Frederick came from. Once Napoleon was some breathing room, and subdued, Friedrich Wilhelm then eventually he acquired took his revenge on the Saxons sizable tracts of property in (who stuck with Napoleon) off Germany proper, as well as whom he stripped some more in Silesia. Prussia was now property. He actually wanted a contender in Europe and the Saxon king thrown in chains could affect the balance of but was talked out of it. In the power in central Europe, process, Prussia received more effectively displacing the lands in Germany proper as the Saxons and the Austrians. Napoleonic states were dissolved. But the big thing that Frederick the Great did was to Friedrich Wilhelm IV8 wasn’t much modernize Prussia and secure better. He started out on the right foot both land and natural resources as he had some pretty liberal ideas on which the Prussian state and was actually offered the lead role prospered. And yes, he was largely in Germany during the revolution responsible for creating a very powerful army and of 1848. There had been a large vacuum created codifying what would become the “Prussian Way” of within German politics with the dissolution of the doing things. Later, Napoleon visited his grave and Holy Roman Empire. Prior to the Napoleonic Wars remarked, “Gentlemen, if this man were still alive Germany was a loose federation of independent I would not be standing here today”. Such was the states marginally represented by an elected reputation and respect that Frederick had earned. Holy Roman Emperor. After 1806, this Empire was dissolved, and these states regained their Friedrich Wilhelm II5 was primarily concerned with independence. But they could not come to his own personal well being. While storm clouds were gathering in Europe, he took mistresses and 6 Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821, French 1st Consul and eventually Emperor of basically had a good time. It all caught up with him France. He did too much to be explained in this short space. For more information see any one of Pierre’s splendid articles. in 1797 when he finally died. At last “Der Dicke 7 Friedrich Wilhelm III, 1770-1840. He was crowned in 1797 and very quickly Luederjahn” (“fat bastard”) was gone. By now distanced himself from his father’s excesses. Not all that bright but fairly moral 2011 Prussia was getting enmeshed in the revolution that in character, he initially pursued a neutral policy with respect to the Napoleonic league but was soon dragged into a shooting war by his wife. She was the prime 5 Friedrich Wilhelm II, 1744-1797. He was the son of Frederick the Great’s mover of the family, and she influenced and rallied Prussia as an ally of Russia to brother and inherited the throne because Frederick had no issue. Initially he was go on to defeat Napoleon. very intelligent and handsome, but he soon degenerated into a corpulent narcissist. 8 Friedrich Wilhelm IV, 1795-1861. He also had no issue, so the throne went to His reign was plagued with scandals, from his many wives or mistresses to his his brother Wilhelm who was acting as Prince Regent after Friedrich’s mental © The Planchet April involvement with the Freemasons. collapse. 9 10 © The Planchet April 2011 A Penny’s Worth was trained todo. Hewas crownedinKonigsberg, King ofPrussia,ajobhe never reallywanted nor died onJanuary21861, Wilhelmwas elevated to by astroke. Andsoitwas thatoncehis brother brother FriedrichWilhelm IVbecameincapacitated 1854 andthenwoundupasPrinceRegent oncehis to anything else.Hewas madeaFieldMarshal in a skilleddiplomat,buthepreferredthearmy life brother duringthe1848revolution. Hewas also ence tohispreference toquellthingswithgrapeshot. 9 grapeshot (whichhenever lived down) the NapoleonicWars andalsoquelledriotswith a brave soldier. Heserved underBlucherduring throne. Hewas given very littleeducationbutwas and assuchwas notexpectedtotake the second sonofFriedrichWilhelmIII on March22,1797.Hewas the Wilhelm Iwas borninBerlin von Bismarck. Minister-President, Otto I, andhisvery effective the nextKing,Wilhelm This wouldchangewith to startindustrializing. it was justbeginning though economically obscurity again,even Prussia was slidinginto well. Butdiplomatically into every aspectoflifeas also allowedtocementitself The Prussianbureaucracy was liberalize toacertainextent. allow thePrussianstateto in Berlin.Hedidmanageto a fewhugebuildingprojects largely unnoticed,except for him. Hisreignwentby most ofthedirty workfor his brotherWilhelmdo of itinPrussia.Hehad suppressed allelements andthen from thegutter” did notwant “acrown founder, claimedthathe that therebellionwould his mindoncehesaw 1848. Hesoonchanged Congress ofFrankfurt in position ofKaiser by the and hewas offeredthe constitution forawhile, German unity andaliberal IV actuallycampaignedfor agreement. FriedrichWilhelm short ofacurrencyandtrade terms onany sortofunification, Hewasknownthroughout hisreignasthe“Kartaetschenprinz”, acynicalrefer Groschen, 1539,AlbertofPrussia, Krause catalogno.MB#3. 9 forhis Konigsberg mint - Friedrich’s mother Augusta. Wilhelm’s sonFriedrich onaunifiedGermanthroneand earned thehatredof rebellion fortheKingin1848revolution. At the timeheproposedputting he gravitatedtopoliticsfairlyearlyon, evenservingtotryandstageacounter along; adevoutmonarchistandloyal Prussian. Trained initiallyasalawyer, he arrivedin1862.Heearnedtheirtrust byprovingtothemwhathewasall by both Wilhelm andtheCrown Princeandabsolutelyloathedby Augusta when accomplishments aretoonumerousto listhere.Bismarckwasinitiallydistrusted 10 alliances, allwiththegoalofaunifiedGerman He thenembarked onaseriesof quickwars and instituting disability pensionsandoldagesecurity. beginning toindustrialize, andheencouraged itby population quiet.Healsorealized thatPrussiawas reaching socialprograms designedtokeep the bureaucracy andsetoutsome(forthe time) far- entire Prussianstate.Hefirstreorganized the Otto Von Bismarck,1815-98,Prussianstatesman andGermanChancellor. His seized theopportunity andgalvanized the So whentherecallcame,Bismarck but Bismarckknewhisplace. two menhadclashedrepeatedly, as adiplomatyears before.The He was worriedthathehad actually workduringthistime. about statecraft andhowthings diplomat. Helearnedalot wasting away inParis asa Bismarck hadbeenbasically the countryinKing’s name, thought. was alotsmarterthanhe realize didn’t was that Bismarck same page,butwhatWilhelm were bothoperating fromthe which suitedWilhelmfine.They trying toincreasethetermof sack afewincompetentswhile he didwas cleanhouseand Prussian kings.Thefirstthing the traditional ofthe “seat” been senttoaback-water and conscription inthePrussian So Bismarckeffectively ruled times beforeinhiscapacity the King,andnotparliament. Army. Hethenbroughtup Otto Von Bismarck law, thePrimeMinisterserves Minister. According to Prussian Minister-President orPrime was “out-of-the-loop” asto across Bismarcknumerous run it.Wilhelmhad what was goingonathome. hang aroundtoeffectively He hadanimpoverished or destitute if he didn’t or destituteifhedidn’t farm backinPrussia,and that hewouldbeleftbroke he was constantlyworried 10 tobehis -

2011 April Planchet The ©

A Penny’s Worth 11 ! 84660 ROPRIETOR Standard Catalogue SFTT! TAH ,P 633 ,U

OX Q 801-318-5768 B : JOU USA ORK F INNEGAN Since 2000 Since 2004 Since P.O. F N www.pennypressmint.com [email protected] P. : : ELEPHONE PANISH T S ______ELLY FOOZ! Encasing Coins of the World Encasing Coins MAIL EBSITE K E W Manufacturers of Medals & Tokens Manufacturers Q and would be “the first among equals” new Kaiser sort of a “president”new Reich. figurehead of the to He wanted more. wanted Wilhelm, justly so, he thought be the supreme German ruler because God to be one, and his troops himself ordained by him down and gave had earned it. Bismarck toned His helmet at Versailles. him a nice new shiny this “divine right” Wilhelm II, would take grandson, for fancy uniforms to new concept and this love More about that later… heights in the new century. the coronation in 1861 commemorate To the Prussian state issued a special 1 Thaler (“Kroenungsthaler”) coin, featuring the crowned on the obverse heads of both Wilhelm and Augusta regal and the Prussian Eagle surrounded by side, On the reverse on the reverse. monograms there are the legends “SUUM CUIQUE” (Latin for the Prussian state motto) and each his own”, “To legends obverse The “KROENUNGSTHALER 1861”. V. KOENIGIN AUGUSTINA read “WILHELM KOENIG meaning “William King and Augusta PREUSSEN”, The edge has the inscription Queen of Prussia”. meaning “God is on our side”, MIT UNS”, “GOTT the standard on most of the larger which was Prussian coins at the time. The switch of words, yes, but in reality it meant a great it meant a great but in reality switch of words, yes, brokered deal. One of the deals that Bismarck that the was with all of the other German states 2 ½ Prussian Silber Groschen from 1843 2 ½ Prussian Silber Groschen King Wilhelm of Prussia became Kaiser Wilhelm King Wilhelm of Prussia became Kaiser I, Emperor of the Germans, after the last of successfully concluded was quick wars Bismarck’s Kaiser crowned against the French in 1871. He was which must in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, the French and contributed surely rankled have the French in to the hostile feelings harbored by chafed the new Kaiser I. Originally, War World of to be the Kaiser at his new role. He wanted A subliminal and not the German Kaiser. Germany By character Wilhelm I was a bit of a peasant. He I was Wilhelm By character lines on alcohol going so far as to draw cheap, was consumption. bottles for fear of theft and over going to the theatre, he though he loved Even “because would change his pants after dinner wear to the theatre”. dinner pants were too good to pleasant and polite enough, although he He was no great intellect. First and foremost a soldier, was to that of a king. lifestyle he preferred a soldier’s He did listen to his handlers and ministers but deferred them to Bismarck. Retaining generally reasonably informed, in enough power to stay the By to slip. beginning mind was his actuality senile and pretty time Wilhelm died in 1888 he was managing his own bodily at even effective not very old. after all 90 years He was functions anymore. state in mind and his King in control of it. It would state in mind and his King in control seem that Wilhelm didn’t really mind, because he though he even allowed Bismarck to continue on, He and personally put a stop to it all. could have but all Bismarck Bismarck did quarrel sometimes, to resign, threaten was had to do to get his way in and “see reason”. and the “Old Man” would cave Bismarck got his farm in order and never And yes, was had to worry about where the next going to come from again. 12 © The Planchet April 2011 A Penny’s Worth within thesamefive minutes.HeadmiredBritainand her navalpowerand but fairlyquick, Wilhelm couldalternatebetweengentlefather figureandtyrant “the GreatestFieldcommanderthat ever lived”. Vain, shallowandconceited 12 Wilhelm II,1859-1941,German Emperor, andatleastaccordingtohim, tried tosteerherson Wilhelm inthesamedirection,butfailed. Consort Albert ofGreatBritain andBritishsocietyasawhole.Hiswife Victoria would haveevolvedmuchdifferently. Hewasheavilyinfluencedbythe Prince versy thathadhelivedlongenough to seehisliberalpoliciesthrough,Germany influenced by thegoingsoninBritainandwanted of GermanCoins 11 for Germany’s protection.WilhelmII careful networkofalliancesBismarckhadforged to alienateallofhisformeralliesandundothe he didwas tofireBismarck. Hethenproceeded the deathofhisfatherin1888.Thefirstthing Friedrich’s son,Wilhelm,ascended thethroneafter have occurred. the biggestpointbeingthatWorld War Imightnot might have happenedifFriedrichhadruledlonger, a chance.Thereislotofspeculationastowhat monarchy like Britain.He unfortunately never got to turnPrussiaintomoreofaconstitutional unexpected happenings. Kaiser Friedrich III This getsusbacktoourstoryaboutmediocreand with hisportrait onthem. there weresomeothercommemoratives issued honored withaCoronationcoineither, although succumbing tothroatcancer. WilhelmIIwas never Friedrich III,onlyruledfor9monthsbefore of thesubsequentKaisers either. Wilhelm’s son, There werenocoronationcoinsissuedforany of theirpastmediocrerulers. tooenamoredby thewholethingbecause weren’t and coronations.Itmay wellbethatthePrussians other Germanstatesmadeabigdealaboutdeaths State, as most other kings went by unnoticed. Most only coronationThalersever issuedby thePrussian Krause catalogue,this appearstobeoneofthe indicated by thetoning.FromwhatIcanseein and hasprobablybeencleanedatsomepoint,as issue undertheEmpire.Mycoinisin“goodEF” a “Vereinsthaler”, whichlaterbecamethe3Mark to theNorthGermanconfederation standardof spent. Intermsofsize andweight,itconforms were probablyretainedandcollectednot it uncommonbutnotoverly rare. Mostexamples Mintage isonly1,000,000pieces,whichmakes circulating issueandwas struckattheBerlinmint. silver. Itwas issuedinconjunctionwiththeregular 18.52 grams andcontains.5359ofanounce coin ismadefromgoodsilver, .900purity. Itis this coinasKM#488inthePrussiansection.The was considered amodernliberal. Hewas heavily of England’s daughter(alsonamedVictoria)and throne in1888.Hewas marriedtoQueenVictoria terminal throatcancerwhenheascendedtothe have beenavery goodemperor, hadhenot FriedrichIII,1831-88,Emperorofthe Germans.Itisstillasubjectofcontro (Krause, 3 rd Edition,2011)lists 12 , although 11 would - 1933 andwereabit dismayedwhenthisnevercameto pass. had secretlyhoped thatHitlerwouldinvitethembackafter heseizedpowerin he remainedinexileuntilhisdeath 1941.HeandhissontheCrownPrince He abdicatedin1918asacondition of thearmisticeandfledtoHollandwhere please hisEnglishcousins,hecould never understandwhytheydidn’ place inthesun”tooandwentabout makingithappen. Although hetriedhardto wanted anavyjustlikeBritainhad.He feltthattheGermansdeserved“their of thiseventually ledtoadisastrousforeignpolicy rumoured atthetime,was slippingdrastically. All superiority fromtheolderman,whoitwas and Prussian learned allaboutthe“divineright” and Bismarckfromhim.Theyounger Wilhelm having managedtoalienatebothWilly’s parents life, WilhelmIwas littleWilly’s largestinfluence, eye andcoulddonowrong.Inthelastyears ofhis grandmother, QueenVictoria,was theappleofher was “tedious”. “LittleWilly”, ashewas calledby his a “nuisance”, andeven hisownmotherclaimedhe person hetalked to. HisEnglishrelatives foundhim was vain, fickle,andeasilyinfluencedby thelast the seedsforFirstWorld War. WilhelmII alliance withitsoldarch-enemy France andsowed higher. HemanagedtoscaretheBritishintoan now thetubwas muchlargerandthestakes much playing withtoy boatsinthebath,except that people whonever reallyoutgrewhislove for considered by many as“gifted”, was oneofthose Kaiser WilhelmI t likehim.

2011 April Planchet The ©

A Penny’s Worth 13 English Contemporary , Contemporary Ballantine Books, 1991 Edmonton Numismatic Society. Society. Numismatic Edmonton Dreadnought, The Kaiser, Warlord of the Second , WW Norton and Co in New York, Sieg Heil, WW Norton and Co in New York, Phoenix Giant Paperback edition, 1997 Phoenix Giant Paperback The Holy Roman Empire, Phoenix Giant Harmony Books, 2008 Vienna, 1814, Harmony Subscribe to The Planchet - 10 issues a year for only Planchet - 10 issues a to The Subscribe article on Prussia, London, 1908 Heer, edition, 1995. Paperback King, Lorant, 1974 Massie, articles on all the kings and persons Wikipedia articles on all the kings and persons searching Easily obtainable by mentioned above. name. by Books Harmsworth Encyclopaedia Palmer, Reich, Imperial Germany, Bulow, Prince von 1914 London, Cassel and Co, translation, $15. Plus this gets you a one-year membership in the a one-year this gets you $15. Plus , who allowed 13 : Hermann Goering, 1893-1946, last Minister-President of Prussia, with about Hermann Goering, 1893-1946, last Minister-President 13 right-hand man, the No. 2 in He was Hitler’s 100 other titles in Nazi Germany. history European on mark his made Goering ruthless, utterly but Smart Germany. by playing a leading role in eradicating Jews, founding the Gestapo, building and robbing conquered territories and art galleries blind. the German Luftwaffe, in Nuremburg, Tribunal Allied Military Sentenced to death after the war by the Goering committed suicide shortly before he was to be hanged. Web-based sources Bibliography: another In 1991 upon reunification of Germany a movement unexpected thing occurred. There was formed to reconstitute Prussia from the new actually carried This was province. Brandenburg share of the “for” with the lion’s to a popular vote, cooler Luckily, Germany. side coming from West quickly and and the motion was heads prevailed, down. The Prussian Eagle would voted irrevocably some Phoenix not be rising out of the ashes like time soon and will remain consigned to history. any Of course, the Second World War was not kind was War Of course, the Second World defeat came to the Germans, and with this new of borders. other challenges, plus a reorganization ceased Prussia had for all intents and purposes Prussia, eastern to exist in 1945. The “original” and the into both Poland incorporated Prussia, was became and still is Kaliningrad. Konigsberg USSR. expelled, many All ethnic Germans were forcibly shirts on their with absolutely nothing but the and backs. The eastern portion of Pomerania All ethnic Germans Silesia now became Poland. or expelled. in these areas were either eradicated and in 1947 the remained, Only Brandenburg and their East German puppets authorities Soviet and reorganized left of Prussia was what dissolved of the aims of the Second World the states. Part sure that to make on the Allied side was War again be allowed to become a Prussia would never to be eradicated. threat to world peace, so it was state in 1934. the Nazis to finish off the Prussian In 1919 Prussia was reconstituted as a democratic as a democratic reconstituted Prussia was In 1919 (The confederation the German state within given was The government Republic). Weimar up to opened was the vote more powers, and state By 1932 the Prussian suffrage. universal far reaching had passed some pretty government that would of government bills on the powers being repeated in the West wind up eventually 1935 the state of 1949. In German Basic Law (“Laender”) and marginalized were governments in each state became the Nazi the true power of The last Minister-President Gauleiter. Party Hermann Goering Prussia was which culminated in Germany’s defeat during the the during defeat Germany’s in culminated which military Prussian and the Prussia War. World First It at its zenith. was War the First World prior to there. all downhill from would be Souvenir of New York By Terence Cheesman

did not buy much in New York City. I bought a few books and near the Iend of the trip I noticed that I had a reasonable sized reserve of cash that was just itching to be spent on a new coin. So on my last day in the city besides hitting two museums and the Empire State building, I made time to go to the Manhattan Antiques Centre and look for a coin to buy. The building was filled with about 40 dealers who specialized in really nice antique furniture, clock, art, and of course coins. The dealer in ancient coins uses the name Palmyra Heritage, and deals not only in ancient coins Ancient/Medieval but also artefacts including one of the largest clay pots that I had ever seen. I spent a couple of hours with him and bought one coin.

The coin is a tetradrachm of Alexander III king The obverse features the head of the young of Macedon who ruled from 336 to 323 B.C. Herakles whose head is covered with the scalp of Alexander was one of the greatest conquerors in the Nemean lion. The lion’s hide was impervious history. His campaigns are still studied in military to arrows and Herakles used it as armour for the colleges as his battles are considered to be rest of his life. On this coin the depiction of the masterpieces of military tactics. His conquests hide is unusual in that the artist tried to depict the included Egypt, Turkey, Syria, Israel, Iraq and Iran. fur on the face of the lion which would have been He successfully invaded Afghanistan Pakistan and extremely time consuming. This treatment coupled

2011 India. All of this was accomplished in less than with the treatment of the hair on both the lion and thirteen years. His coinage is extremely common. the head of Herakles contrasts with the smooth He minted standardized types in vast numbers plane of the face makes the image very attractive. from many mints. These coins were used to pay for The reverse features the image of Zeus seated left his military expenses and to reward his army. This upon a throne. In his right hand he holds an eagle, meant that his expenses were massive. which faces him, and his left, an ornamented © The Planchet April 14 NOTICE

COPYRIGHT

2011 April Planchet The © © Copyright 2008. All information herein, the design, style and format are the the design, style and format are All information herein, © Copyright 2008. No All rights reserved. of the Edmonton Numismatic Society (ENS). property or otherwise, in any form or medium, electronic may be reproduced part hereof Current written consent of the ENS Executive Committee. without the express entitled to make one (1) printed copy of this issue members of the ENS are format as part of their membership one (1) copy in electronic and to store privileges, any further copying or distribution is strictly prohibited. Disclaimer: not necessarily and are those of the individual authors are The opinions herein those of the Edmonton Numismatic Society. PRIVACY POLICY PRIVACY The Edmonton Numismatic Society (ENS) does not engage in the sale nor purposes. parties for commercial distribution of personal information to third All information collected is strictly for ENS internal use and purposes, to permit the ENS Executive and its agents to communicate with you about ENS you with the full benefits of ENS membership. matters and to provide related Become a member! You are amongst friends! are You a member! Become of the Edmonton to become a member encourage you We and most premier western Canada’s Society, Numismatic in 1953 to club. Founded collector diverse numismatic individuals interested in collecting bring together those US Coins Coins and Paper Money, and studying Canadian World Coins, Mediaeval Coins, Ancient and Paper Money, and any other Medals, Exonumia Coins and Paper Money, related subject areas. its privileges and benefits: Membership has - refreshments served - monthly meetings and activities - monthly presentations - annual barbecue - lending library items - silent auctions to sell your surplus - two annual coins shows of fellow members - access to the knowledge and expertise year) per times 10 (published Planchet the to subscription - to name but a few. Current member ! we encourage you to keep your If you are an ENS member, to stay in touch and membership and dues current. For us full ENS membership for you to continue to receive your current information benefits, please provide us with your as possible. and notify us of any changes as soon THE PLANCHET Ancient/Medieval 15 300.00 ___ Renewal Form & : 5.00 ___ : 10.00 ___ : 20.00 ___ Canadian funds (annual - January to December) Canadian funds

P.O. Box 78057 P.O. R.P.O. Callingwood R.P.O. US funds P.O Box 75024, Ritchie P.O. Box 75024, P.O (after 1 year regular member) select the membership type desired (16 or younger) (16 or younger) (16 or younger) Edmonton Alberta Canada T6E 6K1 Canada Alberta Edmonton Edmonton Alberta Canada T5T 6A1 T5T Canada Alberta Edmonton Edmonton Numismatic Society Numismatic Edmonton MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION MEMBERSHIP Edmonton Numismatic Society Numismatic Edmonton membership rates cheques payable to: The Edmonton Numismatic Society cheques payable to: details see the ENS website further for www.edmontoncoinclub.com HOW TO APPLY / REGISTER and PAY APPLY TO HOW - in person at any ENS meeting or show - mail to the address above via the ENS website at - electronically www.edmontoncoinclub.com name: ______address : ______city: ______state: / province country: ______zip code: / postal ______tel (home): (____) tel (work): (____) ______fax: (____) ______e-mail: areas of interest / collecting: ______- regular / family: 15.00 ___ - junior - regular / family: 20.00 ___ - junior - regular / family: 40.00 ___ - junior US residents: - lifetime Oversees residents: Canadian residents: heared about/referred by:about/referred heared ______Membership Application Membership Please accept my application for membership in the Edmonton I also subject to the Bylaws of the Society. Numismatic Society, agree to abide by the Code of Ethics adopted by the Society. signature: date:

will do its best to The Planchet [email protected]. where they would like clarificationor information or ENS items. on numismatic Members can send questions or comments to publish when pictures answers or scans include Please receives. to applicable. all questions it were still being minted more than two hundred and after his death. years fifty of Alexander tetradrachms the first century B.C. Price believed that this coinage continued till 320 Price believed This after the death of Alexander. three years B.C. is not unusual. As mentioned Alexander minted numbers of coins and these coins were readily vast accepted. They were so successful that well into is the serpent staff symbol of Asklepios the Greek is the serpent staff symbol of Asklepios of this this the symbolism god of medicine. Beyond symbols are placed staff is unknown. Usually these in charge of the magistrate on the coins to identify name we cannot the mint. As we do not know his of this symbol. determine the meaning if any A of ARados. would spell out the first two letters The caduceus caduceus is placed in the left field. or King. ΒΑΕΙΛΕΟΤ for Alexander Basileos on his coins until Alexander did not place this title title of when he adopted the Persian 328 B.C. to adopt this King of Kings. Not all mints chose as to when the consistency title nor is there any that chose to do the mints adopted by title was when the coinage started The debate over so. This coin was also complicates the issue as well. located in what a city minted at the mint of Arados Lebanon. The mint is indicated northern is today which made of the letters AP, the monogram by The legend on the coin reads ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΎ specifically were types coinage The sceptre. the to be claim Alexander’s to champion chosen of the is the chief god the Greeks. Zeus leader of were of Herakles of the actions Many Greek world. men by safe for civilized the world about making would the imagery beasts. Thus savage destroying leading a crusade as Alexander be interpreted there As usual barbarians. uncivilized against as to when this coinage started. is some debate Martin Price suggest the late by Some scholars led is adopted this coinage soon after that Alexander Hyla but others including B.C. accession in 336 in 334 B.C. suggest a later date starting Troxell located of Tarsos captured the city when Alexander to the similarity They point Minor. in southern Asia of Baal the chief god of to that Zeus of the image of Tarsus. Edmonton Coin Show and Sale - Spring 2011 By Roger Grove

The Spring Edmonton’s Coin Show and Sale proved to be another huge success. With 987 visitors, attendance was just shy of the Fall 2010 Show and Sale. The Edmonton Numismatic Society sponsored appraisal table was even busier than the last show. At all times two members manned the table to try and keep up with the demand. “It would be so busy at times that there would be 10 people or more waiting for their items to be appraised”, said ENS Vice-President Marc Bink.

The ENS President and Show Chairman, David Peter, was asked what the general feeling from dealers regarding this first show of the year was. “Overall they were pleased. Sales were brisk and quite a number of large ticket items moved. Anyone who had bullion fared quite well. Bullion seems to be the hot thing these days with the still unstable economy and . It was actully hard to see any issues with the economy this weekend as there were alot of people here, and they were buying. We are very lucky here [in Edmonton and area] because collectors here collect everything, not just Canadian decimal. They have very different interests and that helps to bring in dealers from different places and new marterial.”

Peter said, “Our shows and sales keep getting better with greater numbers coming through the doors. Our success is a true testament to all the volunteers who help to make these possible.”

Warren Seida of Canada Coin View of the lower level of the bourse floor 2011

Howard Gilbey of Grandad’s Vintage Collectables © The Planchet April Al Tebworth of Tebworth Paper 16 Willard Burton of B & W Coins and Tokens

Chantou International

Michael Riddel of MRCS

Kamerican Coins and Currency 2011 Robert of Calgary Coin & Antiques

Newcan Coins & Currency To see more show pictures, visit us on Facebook.

http://www.facebook.com/pages/Edmonton-Numismatic-Society © The Planchet April 17 Coin Collecting in Elementary School By Christian The Planchet will be featuring a series of reports by children in grade 2 - 6 enrolled at The Progressive Academy in Edmonton, who share their views on coin collecting and on their school coin club. 2011 © The Planchet April 18 Maundy Money By Bud Collins and Roger Grove

The origins of this rare ‘money’ commerce money was used. can be dated back to an ancient tradition from biblical times. Today, the Royal Maundy has changed again, and the recipients What started as a ceremony in (their number equalling the which Christ washed the feet of monarch’s age) are chosen based his disciples on the day before on their service to the church. , has morphed into The monarch presents each a tradition now known as Royal recipient with a red bag, which Maundy. In the 4th century, contains regular coinage, and a Christian churches took up the white bag which contains silver ceremony of washing the feet of Maundy Money. The amount of the poor while also providing food the silver coins is equal to the and clothing. Somewhere around monarch’s age in pence. the 13th century the tradition

William and Mary 1689

For further information visit www.maundymoney.info, www.maundymoney.com, or www.royalmint.com.

Charles II - 1660 - 1662

Maundy Money is highly began to change, and members collectable and considered rare. of the royal family would now Over the centuries, some coins take part in the Maundy, washing have seen circulation, even the feet of the poor. During the though they were never intended time of Henry IV the ceremony for circulation. As such, Maundy became known as the Royal Money can be found in various George III - 1795 2 Pence. Maundy, and the King took it one conditions. Mintages range from Only 11 - 20 are believed to step farther, providing gifts to a low of 964 in 1964 to a high exist. those who he washed the feet of. of 8676 during the late 1890’s and early 1900’s. This does The act of washing the feet of not include proof issues which the poor ceased around the 18th had mintages as high as 20,900 century under Charles II, and in 1937. For one wishing to 2011 the monarchy substituted the collect Maundy Money, expect act of washing with the act of competitive bidding at auction providing money allowances. In and prices ranging from £125.00 1662 special issue Maundy Money to £26,000 depending on the

was minted specifically for the year and composition. © The Planchet April http://www.maundymoney.com/ ceremony. Prior to this regular 19 20 © The Planchet April 2011 My Finds “The realvoyage ofdiscovery consistsnotinseekingnewlandscapes,buthaving neweyes” ...Proust these willbecomeaninexpensive andfun-variety forfamilies/collectorstolookfor. *** Iwillbeaddingthe12for(12/12)reverse Step-RimandFlat-Rim intothedtsAverage. Ibelieve combination ofsidesinvolved; 1,2,3, 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11or12ofthesides. The neatthingisthatthecoinhastwelve-sides andthereverse sideStep-RimorFlat-Rim canbeany the Reverse sideofthecoin. Virtually, every 19435¢Tombac hasaRim-Variety (reverse andobverse) ...but fornow, we’llfocuson Dean Silver. (TNCR) website-www.tncr.c This month’s Findsareprovided by ENSmemberDeanSilver, whoalsomanagesTheNewCoin Realm 1943 5¢Tombac...ReverseRimVarietiesStep-RimandFlat-Rim... Step-Rim a watch forhisnewwebsitecomingsoon.Allphotosprovided courtesyof My Finds Flat-Rim By theENSMembership Step-Rim

Flat-Rim 21 Finds My © The Planchet April 2011 Heraldic Devices on British Coins By Pierre Driessen

esigns found on coins offer the collector and historian a valuable Dwindow into the history of the societies for which they were struck. Heraldic devices are one such category of design, which provide a wealth of information in a compact and highly symbolic form. On the coinage of England and Great Britain monarchs occurred during the tumultuous 18th and heraldic devices have featured prominently. These early 19th centuries, a time that witnessed some of (For the Love of Exonumia)

highly stylized symbols tell the tale of the ever- the most profound political, economic, social and changing complexities of the political and dynastic military upheavals of modern history. The changes landscape of the English and British monarchies. to the coinage issued and in particular the armorial They reflect the ’s standing nationally and bearings found on their reverses bear witness to internationally, especially amongst his peers on the and provide a pictorial history of these dynastic European continent. and political events.

This was never more so than during the times of From a numismatic perspective, the use of heraldic the early Hanoverians - George I (r.1714 - 27), his devices reached its height during this period son George II (r.1727 - 60) and great-grandson in British coinage, with regard to elegance and George III (r.1760 - 1820). The reigns of these complexity of design and execution. Pro Dolecta Exonumiae 2011 © The Planchet April The achievement IV of the Royal Arms of George III 22 however, beganintheearly symbols. True armorialbearings, the eagleastheir‘national’ sun, whiletheRomans had Macedonians hadtheradiant and empires.For example,the peoples, nations,kingdoms evolving intothesymbolsof began asclantotems,gradually origins inthemistsoftime.They in 1816 King ofHanover astheywere of GreatBritainandIreland, and III, KingoftheUnitedKingdom rendering, ofthearms of George seen intheAchievement, orfull over many centuriescanbe development oftheroyal arms culmination ofthisprocess Within theBritishcontext, elaborate andcomplicated. over timearmsbecamemore From simplebeginnings, prominence. the topleft)ispositionof hand quadrant (foronlookers the shield.Theupperright as ifhewerestandingbehind the perspective ofthewearer of prominenceandarereadfrom the shield-areassignedplaces arms. Thecharges-figureson as itcarriestheessenceof component remainstheshield and insignia.Theprimary additions suchasdecorations wreath andcertainoptional the supporters,torseor crest, themotto, themantle, shield, thehelmorhelmet, namely theescutcheonor made upofseveral components, Modern armorialbearingsare their use. codify theirdesignandgovern complicated systemevolved to inheritance andauthority, a became associatedwithposition, their importancegrewandthey to helpidentify theminbattle.As painted ontheshieldsofknights simple, unregulateddesigns Middle Ages.At firsttheywere of arms often erroneouslycalledcoats The historyofheraldic devices, Technical background (figure 1) I orcrests . Insubsequent II , hasits three goldenlionsorleopards believed thatheintroducedthe consisted oftwogoldenlionsor Battle ofHastingsin1066.They - d.87) leopards onaredfield (r.1066-87) (r.1035 -87) to Englandby WilliamII Duchy ofNormandy, brought of thearmorialbearing are thoughttobeamodification on agules(red)field. Conqueror, KingofEngland I familiar today began with Richard elements withwhichweare or herpersonalstamp. The time, eachmonarchaddedhis later GreatBritainevolved over The royal armsofEnglandand England andBritain Historical Backgroundin Queen Victoriain1837. occur upontheaccessionof made totheseRoyal armswould years theonlymajorchange arms 1198 to1340asEngland’s royal Richard I’s devicewas usedfrom (r.1189 -99) Richard Ithe Lionheart,used figure 2-thearmsof figure 3-theRoyalarms of , duke ofNormandy (figure 3) Duchy ofNormandy from 1198to 1340. afterthecloselyfought , laterWilliamIthe , CœurdeLion.Itis . III (figure 2) These

(b.1027 . the centuries oldEnglishdream England. Itwas therealization of Scotland. HebecameJames Iin to JamesVIStuart,King of through theUnionof Crowns 1603, theEnglishcrown passed last oftheTudor dynasty, in Upon thedeathofElizabethI, France quartering thoseofEnglandand than onearmsonashield-and marshalling -combiningmore In 1340healteredthedesignby - d.1314) daughter ofKingPhilipIV of France the exampleofCharlesVI,King of fleur-de-lis tothree,following modified by HenryIV prestige. Thedesignwas the claimtohisandEngland’s how importantheconsidered place ofprominence,asign in thefirstquadrant -the the armsofFrance wereplaced It isinterestingtonotethat 1413) when Edward III The next major change happened mother Isabella pressed hisclaim,through figure 4-theRoyalarmsofEdward III, usedfrom1340to1406. Henry IV,usedfrom1406to figure 5-theRoyalarmsof , whoreducedthenumber (figure 4). , totheFrenchthrone. (figure 5) 1603. (b.1289 -d.1358) (r.1327 -77) . (r.1399 - (b.1268

,

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae Dolecta Pro 23 Exonumia) of Love the (For © The Planchet April 2011 in reverse. This major dynastic The Arms of the Kingdom to the Papal Tiara. Instead the and political change can be seen of Ireland Cláirseach or Gaelic harp, long clearly in the royal arms of James Heraldry as we understand it associated with the Irish as an I (figure 6). They are the result of was not known in Ireland prior emblem, was chosen (figure 9). It the marshalling and quartering to the Norman invasion of 1169. remains in use today, in altered of the royal arms of England, In early 1171 Henry II (r.1154 - forms, as the Royal arms for Scotland and Ireland. 89), with papal blessing, fearing Northern Ireland and the national that the successes of Norman arms of the Republic of Ireland. knights in Ireland would lead to Even though created in 1541, the creation of a rival Norman they were not used in the Royal kingdom, invaded to establish arms of the English monarchs his authority. The conquest of until James I’s reign (figure 6).

(For the Love of Exonumia) the island was rapid, and by November 1171 the Irish lords performed homage of fealty to Henry II as their overlord. In 1185 Henry II, in an attempt to heal a family rift, created figure 6 - the Royal arms of the Lordship of Ireland for John James I, used from 1603 to 1649 Lackland, his youngest son, and after the Interregnum again with the intent of having him from 1660 to 1707 with minor crowned King of Ireland. This variations. never happened, and the lordship The 1st & 4th quadrants have remained and became part of figure 9 - the shield of the Royal arms of the Kingdom the arms of England, while the possessions of the English of Ireland. the 2nd quadrant has those of when John became King of Scotland and the 3rd those of England in 1199. The Act of Union of 1707, which Ireland. created the Kingdom of Great

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae figure 8 - arms Britain through the unification The Arms of the Kingdom of the Lordship of the Kingdoms of England of Scotland of Ireland, used and Scotland in preparation from 1177 to These appear to have originated 1541. for the realization of the Act of with William I (r.1165 - 1214), Settlement 1701, created the the Lion of Justice. It is the red next major change. The royal lion of the King of the Scots In 1541 Henry VIII had Ireland arms of England and Scotland as rampant - rearing up with created into a kingdom via the were impaled - set side by side one paw on the ground; armed Crown of Ireland Act. He was - and moved to the 1st and 4th and lanqued - with claws and afraid that because of his break quadrants, while those of Ireland colored tongue; on a yellow with the , the remained in the 3rd, and France’s field surrounded by a red double papacy, which had originally were placed in the 2nd quadrants royal tressure flory counter-flory granted Ireland to the English (figure 10). device. These are ancient arms, crown, would revoke its grant. which have changed little since It was not until the Papal bull of their inception, except for minor 1555 that the new situation was variations and details (figure 7). accepted by the Holy See, which recognized the Catholic Mary I (r.1553 - 58) as Queen of Ireland. This allowed the personal union with the monarch, begun with John I, to last until 1801; where the reigning English monarch also reigned as King of Ireland. figure 10 - the Royal Arms of

2011 the Kingdoms of Great Britain The elevation in status of the and Ireland 1707 - 10. island and the political and dynastic tensions at the time These remained the royal arms necessitated a change in arms. of the Kingdoms of Great Britain figure 7 - the shield of the Royal arms of Scotland. The arms with three crowns and Ireland until the death of © The Planchet April were unsuitable, as they alluded Queen Anne (r.1702 - 14), when 24 II who succeededasAnneI younger daughter ofJamesII, crown onAnne,Mary’s sisterand a directheir. Thissettledthe the Scottish Parliament tried to in thepersonofmonarch, and Scotlandwas still aunion union ofthecrowns England in England1701.As the The Actreceived royal ascent ascending thethrone“forever”. who marriedaCatholicfrom barred any Catholicoranyone Act ofSettlement1701which was devisedintheformof the Protestantline,asolution To guarantee the successionin precluded any futurechildren. after somany pregnancies Anne’s ageandphysical health This createdacrisis,asQueen 11 in1700. of Gloucester, diedattheageof last survivingchildWilliam,Duke died beforetheageof2,andher in amiscarriageorstillbirth,4 pregnancies, 13ofwhichended not forlackoftrying.Shehad18 died withoutadirectheir, but queen weretrulytragic; she also interregnum English CivilWar anditsresultant of theEnglishReformation, the religious anddynasticeffects the culminationofpolitical, dynasty was pureluck.Itwas The successionofthisGerman The Hanoverians . Hanoverians, aftertheircapitalat known inEnglishhistoryasThe House ofBrunswick-Lüneburg, the crownspassedtoGerman II the returnofdeposedJames smooth succession.Itprevented This actsoughttoallowfora in theActofSettlement1701. family tragedy, whichresulted Glorious Revolution of1688and - 14) William III The husbandandwifeteamof reasons werehowever dynastic. The fundamentalunderlying of aCatholictothethrone. (r. 1688-94) (r.1685 -88) . Thefamilialaffairsofthis (r.1688 -1702) andthesuccession (1642 -1660) had diedwithout andMary , the (r.1702 was Palatinate and Unionwas Sophiaofthe defined intheActsofSettlement the criteriaforsuccessionas later GreatBritainwhofulfilled to thethroneofEnglandand The nearestpersonwithaclaim Settlement of1701. originally laidoutintheActof also definedthesuccession,as the ActofUnion1707,which of horsetrading theresultwas two crowns.Afteragreatdeal permanent unionbetweenthe bribery andthreatstoaffecta restrictive economic policies, began aconcertedeffortthrough a resulttheEnglishParliament security ofitsnorthernborder. As caused alarminEnglandforthe regarding thesuccession.This develop an independent policy Sophia had married Ernestus and herProtestantheirs. succession was settledonher heiress presumptive, and the of JamesI,Sophiawas declared England. Thusasgranddaughter of JamesVI&IScotlandand Bohemia andeldestdaughter Stuart ofScotland,Queen Elector Palatinate andElizabeth

the daughterofFrederickV, (b.1630 -d.1714). Walk - Ins Welcome Walk - Ins Welcome Ross ChiropracticRoss Clinic ChiropracticRoss Clinic Massage Therapy Therapy Massage Therapy Massage Infra-Red Sauna Infra-Red Sauna Infra-Red Gift Certificates Certificates Gift Certificates Gift Package Deals Package Deals Package & Promotions Promotions & Promotions & Acupuncture Acupuncture Acupuncture Available Available Available Available Available Available CallToday BookTo Your Appointment CallToday BookTo Your Appointment

She trying tokeep thingsstraight. that theygive you aheadache these canbecomesocomplicated alliances. IntheGermancontext, and honorsthroughdynastic by theaccumulationofterritories complicated devicescanbecome demonstrate wonderfullyhow The armsofthisstate Lüneburg TheArmsofBrunswick- death ofQueenAnne. and Irelandin1714uponthe George IKingofGreatBritain son GeorgILudwigbecame Holy Roman Empire.Theireldest and upcomingstateinthe He was therulerofanimportant of Brunswick-Lüneburg in1658. Augustus (b.1629 -d.98),Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg until1692. figure 11-the armsoftheDuchy Edmonton, AB T5N 1L7 1L7 T5N AB Edmonton, 1L7 T5N AB Edmonton, Mavis Richards, RMT Mavis Richards, RMT Dr. Carole E. Ross Ross E. Carole Dr. Ross E. Carole Dr. Lily Ren, Ac., RMT RMT Ac., Ren, Lily RMT Ac., Ren, Lily Tel: (780) 448-5888 448-5888 Tel:(780) 448-5888 Tel:(780) 10153 - 122 Street 10153 - 122 Street For More Info: Info: More For Info: More For

(figure 11)

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae Dolecta Pro 25 Exonumia) of Love the (For © The Planchet April 2011 26 © The Planchet April 2011 Pro Dolecta Exonumiae (For the Love of Exonumia) hereditary imperialoffice(seeempty redshieldin for theCrownofCharlemagnetodesignatehis on topofashield)thearmstoreserve aplace top theshieldandplacinganinescutcheon(shield arms ofhisduchy by puttinganElectoral bonneton Imperial Dietby theotherElectors,healtered anticipation oftheratification ofthisgrant inthe (1667 -83) 1692 forhisserviceduringtheGreatTurkish War Erzschatzmeister (ArchorImperialtreasurer)in Roman Empireandthehereditaryofficeof when granted thedignity ofElectortheHoly and reachedthepinnacleofimperialstatus Georg ILudwid’s fatherhadexpandedtheduchy inescutcheon ofagules of Brunswick-Lüneburg ratified bytheImperial figure 12-thearmsof honors havenotbeen fact thattheImperial the Elector-designate vacant, denotingthe from 1692to1707 (red) shieldisleft - notethatthe by Emperor LeopoldI Diet. (b.1640 -d.1705) . In of theDuchy ofWestphalia of Lüneburg, belowarethose to the right those of the (Braunschweig), corner arethoseofthe Duchy the Electorate. Inthetopleft most importantholdings of been reduced to show only the of Hanover. Thelatterhave 4th thoseoftheElectorate arms ofIrelandandinthe arms ofFrance, inthe3rd Scotland), inthe2ndare of GreatBritain(theimpaledarmsEngland and In the1stquadrant arethearmsofKingdom years afterErnstusAugustus’ death when thehonorswerefinallyratified in1708,10 centre ofarms).GeorgILudwigalteredthearms personal, andthechangeinarmsreflectsthis. and theDuchy ofBrunswick-Lüneburg was The unionbetweentheKingdomsofGreatBritain the fortunesofHouseHanover. Great BritainandIreland,thegreatestadvance in Brunswick-Lünenburg becameGeorgeI,Kingof Then in1714GeorgILudwig,Electorof now placedonthefield Imperial Treasurer,is Brunswick-Lüneburg of gules(red)which had previouslybeen figure 13-thearms of theElectorate hereditary officeof from 1708to1714 Great BritainandIrelandElectorsof - notetheCrown of Charlemagne - signifyingthe I, GeorgeIIandIII,Kingsof figure 14-theRoyalarmsofGeorge Hanover, asusedfrom1714-1801. vacant. Inescutcheon ofthe arms onfigure 14 figure 15- (figure 13 ). (Westfalen) and in the centre is George I followed very much the shields. The governments of

the inescutcheon with the Crown the pattern of design as had both of these monarchs did not Pro Dolecta Exonumiae of Charlemagne signifying the appeared on the coinage of spend a great deal of time on Imperial dignities. Queen Anne, ostensibly to the design of the copper coinage, provide the appearance of which was crudely executed. The royal arms depicted in continuity and permanence. In Great Britain and Ireland figure 14 remained unchanged The locations of the shields and the designs were very similar, for the next 87 years. On the crowns are very similar as is featuring a female personification coinage liberties were taken with the placement of the Star of of the kingdom. In Great Britain design, to take into account the the Order of the Garter with the she had a shield on which is limitations of space, esthetic Cross of St. George in the centre. depicted the Flag of Great balance, and the metal being Britain. In Ireland her left arm struck. The harder the metal, George II changed the look of rested on the heraldic harp (figure the better it would accept an the shield on his gold coinage; it 18). intricate design. A great deal also followed more closely the design depended upon advances in the of a true escutcheon. His silver

technology used to strike and the coinage however continued the competence of the engravers and same pattern of design as that of (For the Love of Exonumia) moneyers. his father George I. Here again

figure 18 - 1760 - 1 of George II, showing the harp of Ireland.

Under George III coinage designs remained much the same until 1787 when a major program of redesign was begun. This coincided with the government’s response to the general shortage of all types and denominations figure 16 - 1723 - 1 of George I showing clockwise of coin. From a heraldic point from 12 o’clock the arms of Great Britain, France, Ireland of view, nothing really changed and Hanover. Similar design and placement of arms are found on the 5, 2, 1, ½ and ¼ Guineas; the 1 and ½ Crowns until 1801. In this year the Act and 6 Pence. coins. The variations are found in the elements of Union created the United placed in the angles between the shields on the reverse. Kingdom through the union of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland. 2011

figure 17 - 1748 - 5 of George II the Royal Arms surmounted by the imperial crown.

the differences on the reverses This caused a major reworking © The Planchet April . are the elements, or lack thereof, of the armorial bearings of found in the angles between George III and subsequently a 27 figure 19 - The Royal arms of (For the Love of Exonumia)

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Electorate of Hanover used from 1801 to 16.

redesign of his gold and silver figure 20 - 1803 - ½ Guinea George III showing the redesigned shield of coinage. The opportunity was the royal arms encicled by the garter of the Order of the Garter with its also taken to remove some Old French motto: “HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE” (“evil to him who evil anachronisms. thinks”). Gone are the arms of France. This was an acknowledgement George’s continued support for to the status of kingdom. The of the fact that any claim to the the Holy Roman Empire, despite former Duchy of Brunswick- French crown was a hopeless France’s and Prussia’s attempts Lüneburg became the Kingdom of throwback to mediaeval times. to undermine it. It also served to Hanover. Thus it joined the ranks The abandoning of the title of advertise his continued claim to of the recently created Kingdoms King of France by the King of his German territories, especially of and Saxony. Great Britain had also been one important considering the Pro Dolecta Exonumiae of the conditions for peace of the political upheaval and constant As a result the Electoral bonnet French Republic’s envoys during redrawing of the map during on the arms was replaced with a the Conference of Lille in 1797. the French Revolutionary and royal crown (figure 21). It was thus recognition of the Napoleonic eras. new political realities and made The garter of the Order of the the recognition of the French Garter encircling the shield Republic in 1802 easier. was added. Founded in 1348 by Edward III, this is England’s These claims also seemed rather oldest and most exclusive odd in light of British policies chivalric order. The garter had toward Revolutionary, Consular been used since 1348 in the full and later Napoleonic Imperial achievement of the Royal arms, France, especially since later but not on the coinage until one of the cornerstones of this George III’s introduction of it. policy was ultimately to have the Bourbon dynasty restored to the The last major change to the figure 21 - The Royal arms of French throne. In addition the the United Kingdom of Great Royal arms during the reign of Britain and Ireland and the claimant to the French throne, George III occurred in 1816. Kingdom of Hanover used from the self styled Louis XVIII, was This was the culmination of the 1816 to 37. living in asylum in England. reshuffling and consolidation of The reign of George III witnessed states during and immediately the largest number of redesigns In its place the 2nd quadrant following the Napoleonic era. The of the royal arms of any English was now occupied by the areas of Europe most effected or British monarch. His coinage arms of Scotland, which had were the German territories. is a graphic depiction of the previously been impaled with The Holy Empire had been political changes and tumultuous those of England. The Irish arms dissolved, small states had been events, which occurred during his 2011 remained in the 3rd quadrant, amalgamated and the larger long sixty years on the throne. while England’s were now in had been elevated in status. Not Numismatists and historians are the 1st and 4th. The arms of wanting to be left behind, George fortunate that the later half of his the Electorate of Hanover now III served notice at the Congress reign coincided with a renewed appeared with the Electoral of Vienna (1814 - 15) that he was interest, although at times © The Planchet April bonnet inescutcheon. The elevating himself and his duchy reluctant, by the government reason for this was to show King 28 Pro Dolecta Exonumiae

figure 23 - 1817 ½ Sovereign George III showing the redesigned shield of the royal arms

with the inescutcheon of the Kingdom of Hanover with the royal crown. (For the Love of Exonumia) in the integrity and quality of d’or passant guardant armed and the coinage, especially gold and langued on field of red (meaning silver. three golden lions walking past, one paw raised with claws and Advances in technology, skill colored tongues). and knowledge; new techniques IV - achievement of arms is the and the availability of talented heraldic term for the complete engravers and eventually the rendering of all elements of a professionalizing of the minting particular armorial bearing. process at the , have permitted the production of Bibliography: beautiful examples of the art of coinage. These examples - Cannon, John and Hargreaves, Ann. join the world of heraldry and Dictionary of Kings & Queens of Britain. figure 22 - 1817 - ½ Crown George London: Constable & Robinson, 2005. numismatics to offer a tangible III showing in addition to the garter - Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, volume 12. window into the history of an era. also the chain of the Order of the New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1979 Garter. - Coins of England & The United Notes: Kingdom., 44th edition Standard Catalogue of British Coins. London: Spink I - the term Coat of Arms derives & Sons Ltd., 2008. - Langer, William L. An Encyclopedia of from the practice of embroidering World History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: armorial bearings on to the The Riverside Press, 1956. surcoat worn overtop of the coat - the heraldic images herein are modified of chain mail. This practice began from originals published by Sodacan on th Wikipedia, used under the GNU Free in the 12 century. Documentation License. II - crest, used erroneously in the English language, is really only a part of an armorial bearing found on top of 2011 the helm or helmet. III - officially described as

three lions © The Planchet April 29 The Nickle Numismatic Lecture

The Nickle Arts Museum brings to Calgary visiting speakers who give presentations on a variety of numismatic topics. This year we are very privileged to have Dr Andrew Meadows, Deputy Director of the American Numismatic Society as the Nickle lecturer.

The title of his presentation: ‘Between Greece and Rome. Coinage in the Imperium of Mark Ant- ony’. The lecture will be held on 15 April 2011 at 7.30 p.m. at The Nickle Arts Museum. Refreshments will be provided.The following is a biography of Andy Meadows:

Andrew Meadows is a specialist in the history, numismatics and epigraphy of the Hellenistic Greek world. From 1995-2007 he was Curator of Greek Coins at the British Museum, in 2007 he was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and in the same year he became Margaret Thompson Curator of Greek Coins at the ANS. In 2008 he was appointed Deputy Director of the Society. From 1998-2006 he was Secretary of the British Academy’s Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum Committee, and from 2002-2005 he served as Honorary Secretary of the Royal Numismatic Society.

Dr Meadows has curated and contributed to a number of exhibitions, including Earlier Monetary Unions, From Alexander to Mark Antony: Images of Power on Ancient Coins and Brief Lives. The Changing Currencies of Western Europe (at the British Museum), History Re-stored: Ancient Greek Coins from the Zhuyuetang Collection (at the Hong Kong Museum of History), and the traveling exhibitions Cleopatra of Egypt: From History to Myth and Forgotten Empire: the World of Ancient Persia.

Dr Meadows has written and edited more than 70 books and articles, including three volumes in the Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum series and Coin Hoards IX and X, and is Series Editor of the joint ANS- Cambridge University Press Guides to the Coinage of the Ancient World. He is currently working on a collaborative project to digitise the Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards and is writing a book-length study of the development of civic coinage in Hellenistic Asia Minor. He also teaches for Columbia University in New York, and is working with the Institut Européen d’Archéologie Sous-Marine and the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology on the publication of material from the excavations at Herakleion, East Canopus and Alexandria in Egypt. 2011 © The Planchet April 30 Classified & Coming Events

New Membership PLACE YOUR AD HERE For Sale FREE FOR ENS MEMBERS Applications No limit of ads and no limit of words. Ads must be numismatically related and 1806 1/2 cent, 1864 IHC, can include books, coins, paper, supplies, buying, wanted, selling, tokens, bul- Lincolns, FEC’s, Canadian lion, medals, Canadian, world, websites, shows, etc. Lorne Barnes LRG cents.call (780)933- The ENS reserves the tright to refuse to print any classifed ad in whole or in 5159 part. Ads posted for one year will be removed unless the member can confirm ad is to continue. All advertizers must be ENS members. Large collection of certified & raw coins & banknotes, All ads to be submitted to [email protected] e-mail or given to the Editing Team at monthly meetings. some up to 50% off cat. Inc.

Errors. Call John 780-455- These individuals have Wanted All period Napoleonic memo- 8375 applied for membership into Recylable used plastic coin the Edmonton Numismatic rabilia & Militaria. Contact Society. Pending any flips. Any Qty. Bring to next Bill [email protected] Early French medals or Eng- objections from the club meeting, See Howard. lish/British Coins dating from membership at large, these [email protected] 1642-1821. Contact Pierre. individuals will be accepted as Early English or German “Members in Good Standing”, hammered coins. Contact [email protected] effective this publishing BU Original Rolls of Marc. [email protected] date. Any objections to the Canadian Cents from 1950 & aforementioned applications must be submitted in 1952 Bob780-980-1324 Complete Date, Canadian writing to the Secretary of Decimal coin sets.Great for the Edmonton Numismatic Classified ads for ENS club Society, and will be evaluated gifts. Low prices. Contact by the Executive Committee members. To include an ad, Ray, 780-433-7288 on a case-by-case basis. please email it to editor_ens@ yahoo.ca

Coming Events

April 13, 2011 - ENS April Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided.

May 11, 2011 - ENS May Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided.

June 8, 2011 - ENS June Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided.

Summer 2011 - ENS Members Only - BBQ - Details to to be announced.

September 10, 2011 - ENS September Meeting - Pizza Night - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided. Free pizza for all ENS members attending.

October 12, 2011 - ENS October Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided

November 9, 2011 - ENS November Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided 2011

December 14, 2011 - ENS December Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided

To list your coming events - send them to [email protected]. © The Planchet April 31