DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role and Impact of Institutional Programs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role and Impact of Institutional Programs THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James karashima Dipòsit Legal: T. 1497-2013 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. ROVIRA I VIRGILI UNIVERSITY THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James Karashima DL: T. 1497-2013 DAVID KARASHIMA THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET DOCTORAL THESIS UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI Tarragona 2013 ROVIRA I VIRGILI UNIVERSITY THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James Karashima DL: T. 1497-2013 DAVID KARASHIMA THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET DOCTORAL THESIS Supervised by Dr Kayoko Takeda Intercultural Studies Group UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI Department of English and German Studies Tarragona 2013 ROVIRA I VIRGILI UNIVERSITY THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James Karashima DL: T. 1497-2013 ROVIRA I VIRGILI UNIVERSITY THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James Karashima DL: T. 1497-2013 Abstract Haruki Murakami is the most widely read contemporary Japanese author today. His books have been translated into more than forty languages, have become bestsellers in many countries, and have garnered critical acclaim internationally. How did Murakami become the “breakthrough” Japanese writer on the international literary scene? Critics and scholars often point to certain characteristics and themes in his work to explain Murakami’s success within various cultural and national contexts. However, while there is no question that Murakami’s fictional worlds have spoken to readers worldwide, his remarkable commercial and critical success cannot be fully understood through an analysis of his works alone. The majority of Japanese literature in English translation is produced and published on the margins of the US/UK publishing industries for relatively niche audiences. This has been possible largely due to patronage extended by government and cultural organizations that assist authors who have achieved a certain status within the Japanese literary field make inroads into foreign markets. Murakami might seem an exception to this trend. He enjoys prestigious mainstream outlets in English in the form of his publisher, Knopf (Random House), and the New Yorker magazine, and he did not benefit from government support in launching his career abroad. Nevertheless, Murakami’s case is similar to other translated Japanese authors in that it was by improving his position within Japanese publishing circles that he initially gained the opportunity to be published in English. What sets Murakami apart from other contemporary Japanese writers, however, is how he was able to gain a firm foothold in the Anglophone market and gradually improve his positions within it with the help of ROVIRA I VIRGILI UNIVERSITY THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James Karashima DL: T. 1497-2013 editors, scholars, literary agents, translators, and other individuals (including eventually readers). This dissertation examines the role of these various key players involved in translating, rewriting, and (re)producing “Haruki Murakami” for the Anglophone (and by extension international) markets. ROVIRA I VIRGILI UNIVERSITY THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James Karashima DL: T. 1497-2013 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Kayoko Takeda, my dissertation surpervisor, and Prof. Anthony Pym, Director of the Doctoral Program, for their invaluable guidance, support and encouragement throughout the research and writing process. I would also like to express my appreciation to Prof. Michaela Wolf and Prof. Judy Wakabayashi for supervising my minor dissertation and challenging me to think in new ways in conceptualizing this research project. I am indebted to the people who kindly shared with me material, ideas, and memories that lie at the heart of this project. I only regret that I could not do full justice to their fascinating stories in these pages (and hope I will have the opportunity to do so in the future). ROVIRA I VIRGILI UNIVERSITY THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James Karashima DL: T. 1497-2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................ 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Theoretical Framework .................................... 16 2.1 Studying Translations in their Environments ...................................................... 16 2.2 Bourdieu’s Concepts of Cultural Production ....................................................... 18 2.3 Translation as Rewriting ........................................................................................ 23 2.4 International Literary Space ................................................................................. 24 2.5 Emphasizing the Local ........................................................................................... 27 2.6 Emphasizing the Process ........................................................................................ 29 2.7 Between Description and Explanation .................................................................. 30 Chapter 3: Method ....................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 4: Haruki Murakami in the English-speaking World ................................ 39 4.1 A One-Man Literary Festival: The English Publication of Murakami’s 1Q84. 39 4.2 Murakami the Outlier ............................................................................................ 59 4.2.1 LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION IN THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET ............................ 59 4.2.2 JAPANESE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION ............................................. 60 4.2.3 HARUKI MURAKAMI IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION ................................................. 62 4.3 Coming to America: The Role of Alfred Birnbaum, Elmer Luke, Kodansha International and others in helping Murakami make inroads into the Anglophone ROVIRA I VIRGILI UNIVERSITY THE TRANSLATING, REWRITING, AND REPRODUCING OF HARUKI MURAKAMI FOR THE ANGLOPHONE MARKET David James Karashima DL: T. 1497-2013 Market (1985-1994) ...................................................................................................... 69 4.3.1 ALFRED BIRNBAUM DISCOVERS MURAKAMI (FOR ANGLOPHONE READERS) ..... 70 4.3.1.1 The Making of a Translator: Alfred Birnbaum ........................................... 70 4.3.1.2 Birnbaum Discovers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Translation: an Advanced Resource Book
    TRANSLATION Routledge Applied Linguistics is a series of comprehensive resource books, providing students and researchers with the support they need for advanced study in the core areas of English language and Applied Linguistics. Each book in the series guides readers through three main sections, enabling them to explore and develop major themes within the discipline: • Section A, Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends readers’ techniques of analysis through practical application. • Section B, Extension, brings together influential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to the field. • Section C, Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the first two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enables readers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to develop their own research responses. Throughout the book, topics are revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructed, with the reader’s understanding strengthened by tasks and follow-up questions. Translation: • examines the theory and practice of translation from a variety of linguistic and cultural angles, including semantics, equivalence, functional linguistics, corpus and cognitive linguistics, text and discourse analysis, gender studies and post- colonialism • draws on a wide range of languages, including French, Spanish, German, Russian and Arabic • explores material from a variety of sources, such as the Internet, advertisements, religious texts, literary and technical texts • gathers together influential readings from the key names in the discipline, including James S. Holmes, George Steiner, Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet, Eugene Nida, Werner Koller and Ernst-August Gutt. Written by experienced teachers and researchers in the field, Translation is an essential resource for students and researchers of English language and Applied Linguistics as well as Translation Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Trying to Live Now Chronotopic Figures in Jenny Watson’S a Painted Page Series
    Vol 3, No 1 (2014) | ISSN 2155-1162 (online) | DOI 10.5195/contemp.2014.98 http://contemporaneity.pitt.edu Trying to Live Now Chronotopic Figures in Jenny Watson’s A Painted Page Series Chris McAuliffe Abstract Between late 1979 and early 1980, Australian artist Jenny Watson painted a sequence of six works, each with the title A Painted Page. Combining gridded, painted reproductions of photographs, newspapers and department store catalogues with roughly painted fields of color, the series brought together a range of recent styles and painterly idioms: pop, photorealism, and non-objective abstraction. Watson’s evocation of styles considered dated, corrupted or redundant by contemporary critics was read as a sign of the decline of modernism and the emergence of a postmodernism inflected with irony and a cool, “new wave” sensibility. An examination of the Painted Pages in the context of Watson’s interest in autobiography and her association with the women’s art movement, however, reveals the works to be subjective, highly personal reflections on memory, self and artistic aspiration. Drawing on Bahktin’s model of the chronotope, this paper argues for a spatio-temporal reading of Watson’s Painted Pages rather than the crude model of stylistic redundancy and succession. Watson’s source images register temporal orders ranging across the daily, the seasonal and the epochal. Her paintings transpose Bahktin’s typology of quotidian, provincial and “adventuristic” time into autobiographical paintings of teenage memories, the vicissitudes of the art world and punk subcultures. Collectively, the Painted Pages established a chronotopic field; neither an aggregation of moments nor a collaged evocation of a period but a point at which Watson closed off one kind of time (an art critical time of currency and succession) and opened up another (of subjectivity and affective experience).
    [Show full text]
  • THE BRIEFCASE Novel by Hiromi Kawakami
    STAFF PICK THE BRIEFCASE Novel by Hiromi Kawakami The Briefcase (alternate title: Strange for each other and their adorable Weather in Tokyo) by Hiromi Kawakami moments of jealousy make me cry and reminds me of a long autumn night. This laugh. I read it without getting tired of it. book is a love story between a couple of Also Kawakami uses very polite and over 30 year age difference. As their rela- delicate Japanese words because Sensei is tionship slowly develops across the a Japanese language teacher. I enjoyed it. changing four seasons, I felt as if I were A lot of people mention that these two watching a movie with beautiful scenery. people often drink with seasonal small The story begins when 37-year-old single dishes that sound very delicious. You woman Tsukiko happens to meet her will want to prepare the same dishes Title: The Briefcase high school teacher at an Izakaya (a with Sake and enjoy the long night with (later published as casual bar) after over ten years. It feels this book in your hand. Strange Weather in like the story is slow, but their serious The novel also has been made into Tokyo) relationship and distance feel very manga and film. Author: Hiromi Kawakami comfortable. The fearlessness they show — Hiroko, Library Staff December, 2020 Publisher: Counterpoint Press Year: 2012 about author Pages: 176 Hiromi Kawakami ( 川上 弘美) ’s acclaim for her essays, stories, and novels include the Pascal Short Story Prize for New Writers and the Akutagawa Prize. Her novel Strange Weather in Translated by Tokyo was short-listed for the 2013 Man Asian Literary Prize and the 2014 International Foreign Allison Markin (translated Fiction Prize.
    [Show full text]
  • The Manipulation of Literature
    Routledge Revivals The Manipulation of Literature First published in 1985, the essays in this edited collection offer a representative sample of the descriptive and systematic approach to the study of literary translation. The book is a reflection of the theoretical thinking and practical research carried out by an international group of scholars who share a common standpoint. They argue the need for a rigorous scientific approach to the phenomena of translation – one of the most significant branches of Comparative Literature – and regard it as essential to link the study of particular translated texts with a broader methodological position. Considering both broadly theoretical topics and particular cases and traditions, this volume will appeal to a wide range of students and scholars across disciplines. This page intentionally left blank The Manipulation of Literature Studies in Literary Translation Edited by Theo Hermans First published in 1985 by Croom Helm, Ltd This edition first published in 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 1985 Theo Hermans and Contributors The right of Theo Hermans to be identified as editor of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Lisbeth Salander's Fear of Intimacy in Steig
    PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A STUDY ON LISBETH SALANDER’S FEAR OF INTIMACY IN STEIG LARSSON’S THE GIRL WITH THE DRAGON TATTOO A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN RESEARCH PAPER Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Fertunata Monica Darsono Student Number: 111214029 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Darsono, Fertunata Monica. (2018). A Study on Lisbeth Salander’s Fear of Intimacy in Stieg Larsson’s The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University. Intimacy exists in human relationship. It happens between two individuals or more. However, intimacy is feared by some people. In literary works, fear of intimacy can be experienced by the character. This study discusses the fear of intimacy on Lisbeth Salander from a novel entitled The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, written by Stieg Larsson. Lisbeth Salander, a pale, very skinny young woman who experts in internet hack culture but awkward in common social situation, is involved in a mystery disclosure. Salander traumatic experiences with other people result in her rejection towards relationship and human intimacy. The problem formulation is “How does Salander overcome her fear of intimacy?”. The objective of the study is to describe how Salander overcome her fear of intimacy using MacAdams’ theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity and Narrative in Doris Lessing's and J.M. Coetzee's Life Writings
    Identity and narrative in Doris Lessing's and J.M. Coetzee's Life Writings ENG-3992 Shkurte Krasniqi Master’s Thesis in English Literature Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education University of Tromsø Spring 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Professor Gerd Karin Bjørhovde for her constructive criticism and for encouraging me to work on this thesis. She is an inspiration to me. I would also like to thank my family for supporting me from afar: you are always on my mind. Last but not least, I am grateful to have my husband Jørn by my side. Abstract The main focus of this thesis is the manner in which Doris Lessing and J.M Coetzee construct their identities in their life writings. While Lessing has written a “classical” autobiography using the first person and past tense, Coetzee has opted for a more fictional version using the third person and the present tense. These different approaches offer us a unique opportunity to look into the manner in which fiction and facts can be combined and used to create works of art which linger permanently between the two. It is also interesting to see how these two writers have dealt with the complications of being raised in Southern Africa and how that influences their social and personal identities. In the Introduction I present the writers and their oeuvres briefly. In Chapter 1, I explain the terms connected with life writing, identity and narrative. In the second chapter I begin by looking into the manner in which their respective life writings begin and what repercussions does using the first and the third person have? In the third chapter I analyse their relational identities, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • BTC Catalog 172.Pdf
    Between the Covers Rare Books, Inc. ~ Catalog 172 ~ First Books & Before 112 Nicholson Rd., Gloucester City NJ 08030 ~ (856) 456-8008 ~ [email protected] Terms of Sale: Images are not to scale. All books are returnable within ten days if returned in the same condition as sent. Books may be reserved by telephone, fax, or email. All items subject to prior sale. Payment should accompany order if you are unknown to us. Customers known to us will be invoiced with payment due in 30 days. Payment schedule may be adjusted for larger purchases. Institutions will be billed to meet their requirements. We accept checks, VISA, MASTERCARD, AMERICAN EXPRESS, DISCOVER, and PayPal. Gift certificates available. Domestic orders from this catalog will be shipped gratis via UPS Ground or USPS Priority Mail; expedited and overseas orders will be sent at cost. All items insured. NJ residents please add 7% sales tax. Member ABAA, ILAB. Artwork by Tom Bloom. © 2011 Between the Covers Rare Books, Inc. www.betweenthecovers.com After 171 catalogs, we’ve finally gotten around to a staple of the same). This is not one of them, nor does it pretend to be. bookselling industry, the “First Books” catalog. But we decided to give Rather, it is an assemblage of current inventory with an eye toward it a new twist... examining the question, “Where does an author’s career begin?” In the The collecting sub-genre of authors’ first books, a time-honored following pages we have tried to juxtapose first books with more obscure tradition, is complicated by taxonomic problems – what constitutes an (and usually very inexpensive), pre-first book material.
    [Show full text]
  • Murakami Haruki's Short Fiction and the Japanese Consumer Society By
    Murakami Haruki’s Short Fiction and the Japanese Consumer Society By © 2019 Jacob Clements B.A. University of Northern Iowa, 2013 Submitted to the graduate degree program in East Asian Language and Cultures and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ___________________________ Chair: Dr. Elaine Gerbert ___________________________ Dr. Margaret Childs ___________________________ Dr. Ayako Mizumura Date Defended: 19 April 2019 The thesis committee for Jacob Clements certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Murakami Haruki’s Short Fiction and the Japanese Consumer Society _________________________ Chair: Dr. Elaine Gerbert Date Approved: 16 May 2019 ii Abstract This thesis seeks to describe the Japanese novelist Murakami Haruki’s continuing critique of Japan’s modern consumer-oriented society in his fiction. The first chapter provides a brief history of Japan’s consumer-oriented society, beginning with the Meiji Restoration and continuing to the 21st Century. A literature review of critical works on Murakami’s fiction, especially those on themes of identity and consumerism, makes up the second chapter. Finally, the third chapter introduces three of Murakami Haruki’s short stories. These short stories, though taken from three different periods of Murakami’s career, can be taken together to show a legacy of critiquing Japan’s consumer-oriented society. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my committee, Dr. Maggie Childs and Dr. Ayako Mizumura, for their guidance and support throughout my Master's degree process. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. Elaine Gerbert her guidance throughout my degree and through the creation of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Freedom of Exile in Naipaul and Doris Lessinp
    The Freedom of Exile in Naipaul and Doris Lessinp ANDREW GURR A XXT THE END of the first "Free Women" section of The Golden Notebook Anna Wulf, the fictional author of the notebooks which form the basis for the whole novel, sits looking down on her material "as if she were a general on the top of a mountain, watching her armies deploy in the valley below."1 Anna as army commander is a sad irony, isolated as she is (a few lines earlier we were told "it was only alone, in the big room, that she was herself"), and fragmented to the very end as her fictions remain. This image of the self-deluding writer of fiction is worth unpack• ing. Its contents are the necessities of the writer of reflexive fic• tions and the writer as a free agent. The image's assumption of command, the writer as controller of fictions, is an irony which links the writing of The Golden Notebook precisely to the reflexive fictions of the last twenty years. Fiction has become the imposition of a subjective vision and the writer cannot be separated from the solipsistic fiction, ordering fantastic armies to do fantastic things which never exist outside the writer's head. The general also stands alone, above the fiction, in an isolation which is a form of exile from the battle he seeks to control. He has issued his orders. He expects to control events according to the pattern he dictates. He has the illusion that he is free to give his own shape to the events he rules over.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliografia Giappone
    Bibliografia Giappone Giappone BIBLIOGRAFIA Sommario Introduzione ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Storia.................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Società e cultura ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Arte e fotografia ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Viaggi ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 Narrativa .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Biblioteca cantonale Bellinzona aprile 2020 1 Giappone BIBLIOGRAFIA Introduzione In occasione del Japan Matsuri previsto per aprile 2020 e posticipato a settembre 2020 all’Espocentro di Bellinzona (http://japanmatsuri.org/2020/), la Biblioteca cantonale di Bellinzona propone una bibliografia che segnala opere riguardanti il Giappone. Japan Matsuri è il festival giapponese della Svizzera italiana. Con il termine “Matsuri” (祭り, o solo 祭), in Giappone ci si riferisce ad un festival che si svolge in
    [Show full text]
  • Natsume Sōseki and Modern Japanese Literature by Marvin Marcus
    Asia: Biographies and Personal Stories, Part II Natsume Sōseki and Modern Japanese Literature By Marvin Marcus atsume Sōseki (1867–1916) is one of a The Meiji mission was to create a mod- handful of individuals who both sym- ern nation with state-of-the-art education, bolized Japan’s emergence as a mod- technology, media, and urban development. Nern nation and helped mold an understand- Tokyo—the erstwhile Tokugawa shogunal ing of the modern condition through his life’s capital—would be a showcase of Japanese mo- work. Literature was Sōseki’s creative vehicle, dernity and the center of the nation’s cultural but his significance in the context of a broader and intellectual life. Western know-how would national identity is greater than the sum of his be privileged, together with a new social and individual works. In short, his stature is akin political agenda that recognized individualism, to that of Mark Twain, a consensus American autonomy, and equality. icon. Yet these modern developments had to Born at the end of Japan’s final shogunal contend with a significant conservative agen- epoch, the Tokugawa period (1603–1868), da adopted by the powerful Meiji oligarchs— Sōseki died several years following the death themselves erstwhile samurai. Cognizant of the of the Meiji Emperor. His life span essential- need to leverage Tokugawa nativist teachings ly overlaps the seminal Meiji period in Japan’s as a hedge against Western hegemony, they re- history (1868–1912), and his literature has stored the emperor as a national sovereign, pa- long been regarded as having captured the so- triarch, and Shinto divinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal the Criterion: an International Journal in English Vol
    About Us: http://www.the-criterion.com/about/ Archive: http://www.the-criterion.com/archive/ Contact Us: http://www.the-criterion.com/contact/ Editorial Board: http://www.the-criterion.com/editorial-board/ Submission: http://www.the-criterion.com/submission/ FAQ: http://www.the-criterion.com/fa/ ISSN 2278-9529 Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal www.galaxyimrj.com The Criterion: An International Journal in English Vol. 8, Issue-IV, August 2017 ISSN: 0976-8165 Memories, Loss, and Alienation in Haruki Murakami’s Norwegian Wood Anum Mirza Ph.D. Research Scholar Department of English Lovely Professional University Phagwara, Punjab, India. Article History: Submitted-22/06/2017, Revised-17/08/2017, Accepted-19/08/2017, Published-10/09/2017. Abstract: Haruki Murakami is a contemporary and Japanese writer. He is an author of short stories, novels, non-fiction, and essays. Murakami wrote Norwegian Wood, as his fifth novel, published in 1987. He gained great fame and success with Norwegian Wood. Haruki Murakami, considered this novel very personal and autobiographical one. From its start, the novel is structured by the question of memory. Directly related to one’s own considerate, memory is one of the vital aspects of the love that nearly all of the characters feel. In a way the innermost problem of this work of fiction is the existential question of staying alive, put candidly, this comes to something like, Why not commit suicide? Almost, all characters in the novel face this issue. This paper is an attempt to understand the elements of memory, loss and alienation or loneliness in the most famous novel of Japanese writer Haruki Murakami.
    [Show full text]