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GRADE-7-HISTORY-TASK-14.Pdf TASK 14 Topic: COLONISATION OF THE CAPE Grade: 7 Presented By: Mrs Sunichur Pitlochry Primary School Educator INTRODUCTION In Task 13 we learnt: • why slaves were brought to the Cape • how slaves were brought to the Cape • where slaves came from • what it was like to be a slave at the Cape INTRODUCTION continued In this task we will review activities 3.5 and 3.6 of Task 13 and we will study: • the causes and effects of slave resistance at the Cape • slave uprising • slave legacy at the Cape • sources on slaves • the Free Burghers Answers to Activity 3.5 1. Six different places from which slaves were captured and brought to the Cape were: Madagascar, Ceylon, Batavia, Indonesia, East Indies Islands and India. (6) 2. A slave ship had to travel about 10 000 km in order to bring slaves from Indonesia to the Cape. (1) 3. A slave ship had to travel about 2 500 km in order to bring slaves from Madagascar to to the Cape. (1) 4. Slaves did not come overland from Mozambique to the Cape because there were no roads. There were also many wild animals en route and slaves may have tried to escape. It was quicker and easier to transport the slaves by ship. Answers to Activity 3.6 1. Any two of the six countries will be accepted. (2) 2. Slaves were punished by being whipped, branded and sentenced to life in chains. If they were caught after a second attempt to run away, their ears, noses and sometimes their right hands were cut off. (3) 3. Conditions on the VOC ships were very strict because the slaves were chained and cramped so tightly below deck that they could hardly move. Also it was not the policy of the VOC to allow slaves to exercise on the upper deck. (2) ANSWERS TO ACTIVITY 3.6 continued 4.a) The types of work that slaves did in the Cape were building the fort, houses and taverns; making a jetty and roads; growing vegetables in the company garden; being servants for the officials; cutting timber in the forest and constructing the castle where the governer lived. Some slaves also served on the Free Burgher farms and the Huguenots' vineyards.(4) b) Many highly skilled and educated people were brought to the Cape as slaves. (2) KEYWORDS • uprising and rebellion: when people rise up against someone who has authority over them • imams: Muslim spiritual teachers • rixdaler: a Dutch silver coin SUMMARY Causes and effects of slave resistance at the Cape Slave resistance was caused by extreme daily hardships and cruel punishment experienced by slaves. The “wheel” was an instrument of slow and painful torture. It broke bones without actually killing the victim. One slave woman was chained to a pole and burnt to death after setting fire to her owner's house. SUMMARY continued Slaves became so bitter and angry that they resisted their owners in various passive and violent ways. They: • stole whatever they could • set fire to crops and houses • worked slowly • broke the equipment that they worked with • attacked their masters • were rude to their masters • ran away SUMMARY Slave Uprising In 1690 a slave uprising took place in a farm in Stellenbosch. Four slaves attacked the farmhouse, killing one burgher and wounding another, and then ran away with some stolen guns. Soldiers were sent after them. Three of the slaves were killed and the fourth was wounded and taken prisoner. He confessed that they were planning to capture some of their owners' wives and run away to Madagascar. The effects of slave resistance were that the owners became fearful of a mass rebellion and of being killed. Slavery caused constant tension in Cape society at that time. One of the Dutch settlers said: “Everyone in this country has to lock his bedroom door at night. Everyone must keep a loaded gun with him, for fear the slaves may take revenge.” ACTIVITY 3.7 1. Give short explanations of the following terms: a) slave resistance (2) b) slave uprising (2) 2. Why do you think the slaves would have wanted to go to Madagascar?(2) 3. Study the picture of a slave being tortured on the wheel. Write three to five sentences explaining why this scene would have made a slave rebel. (4) SUMMARY Slave legacy at the Cape In 1834 the British set free 36 274 slaves in the Cape. They were a mixed group of people from different parts of Asia, Indonesia and Africa. A new language called Afrikaans developed from Dutch, mixed with words from other languages, such as Arabic, French, English, German, Portuguese, Malay, Nguni and Khoisan. The words from different slave languages contributed to the development of Afrikaans, which is spoken by many South Africans today. Another lasting legacy left by the slaves was the introduction of Islam to the Cape. At first the Malay Muslim slaves could only practise their religion secretly. SUMARY continued In 1694, a nobleman, Sheik Yusuf of Makassar was sent to the Cape by the VOC as a political prisoner. He brought 12 imams with him and, together they encouraged the spread of Islam among the slaves. The first free Muslim slave was able to buy property, where he built the first mosque in 1794. The third lasting legacy left by the slaves was the successful economy of the Cape. Slave labour was used to develop the fruit and wine farms that are famous throughout the world. Their skills as builders, carpenters, shoemakers and barrel-makers added to the growth of the economy. SUMMARY continued Many of their handcrafted furniture and Cape-Dutch gabled buildings can still be seen today. Another lasting legacy is their contribution to South African cuisine. The slaves introduced traditional dishes such as samoosas, bobotie, curries, koeksisters and sosaties to the Cape. ACTIVITY 3.8 1. Who was the important political prisoner that was sent to the Cape by the VOC in 1694? (1) 2. Which country ruled the Cape when slaves were set free in 1834? (1) 3. Write down a list of four things that we can trace back to the influence of the slaves in South Africa today. (4) ACTIVITY 3.8 continued 4. Redraw the table in your exercise book (also refer to pg 135 of your text book)and arrange the list of influences in order of importance according to your point of view. Number 1 will be the most important influence. Also give reasons why you think each influence is more important or less important. (12) ACTIVITY 3.9 Use table 3.2 to answer questions 1 to 5 in the next slide ACTIVITY 3.9 continued 1. Calculate the total number of slaves in 1726. (1) 2. How many more slaves were there than citizens in 1770? (1) 3. How many more citizen children than slave children were there in 1825? (1) 4. What was the increase in adult slaves fom 1726 to 1825? (1) 5. Why was there such an increase in slaves over one hundred years? Write your answer as a paragraph in which you include five reasons. (5) ACTIVITY 3.9 continued 6. Hendrik Greef was a Cape farmer who died in 1745, after which a list of all his possessions was drawn up. Next to each item is the value of that item in rixdaler. Study the table and answer questions a) to j) in the next slide. (You may refer to pg 136 of your text book) ACTIVITY 3.9 continued a) What was the least valuable item on the list? (1) b) What was the most valable item on the list? (1) c) How many of the slaves were born at the Cape? (1) d) Work out how many slaves came from Madagascar? (1) e) How many slaves came from Bengal? (1) f) Estimate how many cattle were worth the same price as one slave.(1) g) Calculate how many ox-wagons you would need to exchange for one slave. (1) ACTIVITY 3.9 continued h) What do you notice about the price of male and female slaves? (1) i) Why do you think some slaves were named after months of the year? (1) j) What can you conclude about how wealthy this farmer was when he died? (1) SUMMARY The Free Burghers The VOC assisted the Free Burghers (farmers) by: • giving them plots on which to farm • allowing them not to pay tax for 12 years • providing them with farming implements • providing them with guns and ammunition The Free Burghers were allowed to pay for the farming implements as well as guns and ammunition at a later stage.In 1657 there were nine Free Burgher families. Their main purpose was to provide the VOC with fresh food and vegetables. SUMMARY continued The Free Burghers became very successful by producing fruit, vegetables, wheat, tobacco and later on, wine and meat. The VOC controlled the prices of all the farm products and the farmers were forced to sell their produce to the company. There was no free trade. By 1795 there were 20 000 Free Burghers in the Cape of which 7 000 were farmers. Some Free Burghers became bricklayers, tailors, bakers, carpenters or merchants. ACTIVITY 3.10 1. Calculate the increase in Free Burgher farmers from 1657 to 1795.(1) 2. Mention four ways in which the VOC helped the farmers. (4) 3. Name six products that were produced by the Free Burghers. (6) 4. Do you think the following statement is true or false? “The Free Burghers who farmed were not actually free.” State your view and then write a paragraph to give your reasons.
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