Report on the Work of the FAO Indigenous Peoples Team 2018
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Economic and Social Council
70+6'& ' 0#6+105 'EQPQOKECP5QEKCN Distr. %QWPEKN GENERAL E/CN.4/2004/80/Add.3 17 November 2003 ENGLISH Original: SPANISH COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sixtieth session Item 15 of the provisional agenda INDIGENOUS ISSUES Human rights and indigenous issues Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Mr. Rodolfo Stavenhagen, submitted in accordance with Commission resolution 2003/56 Addendum MISSION TO CHILE* * The executive summary of this report will be distributed in all official languages. The report itself, which is annexed to the summary, will be distributed in the original language and in English. GE.03-17091 (E) 040304 090304 E/CN.4/2004/80/Add.3 page 2 Executive summary This report is submitted in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 2003/56 and covers the official visit to Chile by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, which took place between 18 and 29 July 2003. In 1993, Chile adopted the Indigenous Peoples Act (Act No. 19,253), in which the State recognizes indigenous people as “the descendants of human groups that have existed in national territory since pre-Colombian times and that have preserved their own forms of ethnic and cultural expression, the land being the principal foundation of their existence and culture”. The main indigenous ethnic groups in Chile are listed as the Mapuche, Aymara, Rapa Nui or Pascuense, Atacameño, Quechua, Colla, Kawashkar or Alacaluf, and Yámana or Yagán. Indigenous peoples in Chile currently represent about 700,000 persons, or 4.6 per cent of the population. -
LARC Resources on Indigenous Languages and Peoples of the Andes Film
LARC Resources on Indigenous Languages and Peoples of the Andes The LARC Lending Library has an extensive collection of educational materials for teacher and classroom use such as videos, slides, units, books, games, curriculum units, and maps. They are available for free short term loan to any instructor in the United States. These materials can be found on the online searchable catalog: http://stonecenter.tulane.edu/pages/detail/48/Lending-Library Film Apaga y Vamonos The Mapuche people of South America survived conquest by the Incas and the Spanish, as well as assimilation by the state of Chile. But will they survive the construction of the Ralco hydroelectric power station? When ENDESA, a multinational company with roots in Spain, began the project in 1997, Mapuche families living along the Biobio River were offered land, animals, tools, and relocation assistance in return for the voluntary exchange of their land. However, many refused to leave; some alleged that they had been marooned in the Andean hinterlands with unsafe housing and, ironically, no electricity. Those who remained claim they have been sold out for progress; that Chile's Indigenous Law has been flouted by then-president Eduardo Frei, that Mapuches protesting the Ralco station have been rounded up and prosecuted for arson and conspiracy under Chile's anti-terrorist legislation, and that many have been forced into hiding to avoid unfair trials with dozens of anonymous informants testifying against them. Newspaper editor Pedro Cayuqueo says he was arrested and interrogated for participating in this documentary. Directed by Manel Mayol. 2006. Spanish w/ English subtitles, 80 min. -
Number of Plant Species That Correspond with Data Obtained from at Least Two Other Participants
Promotor: Prof. Dr. ir. Patrick Van Damme Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Department of Plant Production Laboratory of Tropical and Sub-Tropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany Coupure links 653 B-9000 Gent, Belgium ([email protected]) Co-Promotor: Dr. Ina Vandebroek Institute of Economic Botany The New York Botanical Garden Bronx River Parkway at Fordham Road Bronx, New York 10458, USA ([email protected]) Chairman of the Jury: Prof. Dr. ir. Norbert De Kimpe Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Department of Organic Chemistry Coupure links 653 B-9000 Gent, Belgium ([email protected]) Members of the Jury: Prof. Dr. ir. Christian Vogl Prof. Dr. Paul Goetghebeur University of Natural Resources and Faculty of Science Applied Life Sciences Department of Biology Institut für Ökologischen Landbau K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gregor Mendelstrasse 33 B-9000 Gent, Belgium A-1180, Vienna, Austria ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Prof. Dr. Mieke Verbeken Prof. Dr. ir. François Malaisse Faculty of Science Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Department of Biology Agronomiques K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Laboratoire d’Ecologie B-9000 Gent, Belgium Passage des Déportés, 2 ([email protected]) B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium ([email protected]) Prof. Dr. ir. Dirk Reheul Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Department of Plant Production Coupure links 653 B-9000 Gent, Belgium ([email protected]) Dean: Prof. Dr. ir. Herman Van Langenhove Rector: Prof. Dr. Paul Van Cauwenberge THOMAS EVERT QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH -
Eastern Woodland Indians Living in the Northeastern United States Were the First Known People to Have Used the Sap of Maple Trees
Eastern Woodland Indians living in the northeastern United States were the first known people to have used the sap of maple trees. 1 Maple syrup is made from the xylem sap of maple trees and is now a common food all around the country. 1 Native Americans from many regions chewed the sap from trees to freshen their breath, promote dental health, and address a variety of other health issues. 2 The sap of the sapodilla tree, known as chicle, was chewed by native peoples in Central America. It was used as the base for the first mass-produced chewing gum and is still used by some manufacturers today. 2 Inuits, indigenous peoples of the Arctic, carved goggles out of wood, bone, or shell to protect their eyes from the blinding reflection of the sun on the snow. 3 Goggles made from wood, bone, or shell were a precursor to modern sunglasses and snow goggles, which protect the eyes from ultraviolet rays. 3 Aztecs and Mayans living in Mesoamerica harvested sap from what we call the “rubber tree” and made an important contribution to team sports. 4 The Olmec, Maya, and Aztec peoples of Mesoamerica used the sap from certain trees to make rubber balls. The Maya still make them today! These balls are considered a precursor to the bouncing ball used in modern games. 4 Native peoples in Mesoamerica developed a method of cooking ground corn with alkaline substances. This method produces a chemical reaction that releases niacin. Niacin softens the corn, increases its protein content, and prevents against a skin disease called pellagra. -
Land Is Life: the Struggle of the Quechua People to Gain Their Land Rights
BRIEFING NOTE 26 SEPTEMBER 2016 Teddy Guerra, the leader of the Quechua community of Nuevo Andoas, shows the impact of oil contamination on the ancestral lands of his people. Photo: Julie Barnes/Oxfam LAND IS LIFE The struggle of the Quechua people to gain their land rights ‘This land was inherited from our fathers. Now it is our time, and soon it will be the next generation’s time. But we live with the knowledge that the government might again license our territory out to oil companies at any time. For us, it’s important to be given formal land titles, not so that we can feel like owners, but to protect our territory.’ –Teddy Guerra Magin, indigenous leader and farmer, Nuevo Andoas 1 SUMMARY: THE QUECHUA PEOPLE’S STRUGGLE TO DEFEND THEIR TERRITORY In the absence of a title to their territories, the future of the indigenous people of Nuevo Andoas community and the wider Loreto region of northern Peru is under threat. Since the early 1970s, when the government gave multinational companies permission to exploit the region’s oil reserves, indigenous people have suffered the health and environmental consequences of a poorly regulated extractives industry. Repeated contamination of their land and rivers has caused illness and deaths, particularly among children. People’s livelihoods, which are based on cultivation and hunting and fishing, have also been seriously affected. The land on which the oil companies have been operating – known by the government and companies as ‘Block 192’ – covers the upper part of the basin of the Pastaza, Corrientes and Tigre rivers, which are all ancestral territories of indigenous populations. -
New Age Tourism and Evangelicalism in the 'Last
NEGOTIATING EVANGELICALISM AND NEW AGE TOURISM THROUGH QUECHUA ONTOLOGIES IN CUZCO, PERU by Guillermo Salas Carreño A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bruce Mannheim, Chair Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Professor Marisol de la Cadena, University of California Davis © Guillermo Salas Carreño All rights reserved 2012 To Stéphanie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was able to arrive to its final shape thanks to the support of many throughout its development. First of all I would like to thank the people of the community of Hapu (Paucartambo, Cuzco) who allowed me to stay at their community, participate in their daily life and in their festivities. Many thanks also to those who showed notable patience as well as engagement with a visitor who asked strange and absurd questions in a far from perfect Quechua. Because of the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board’s regulations I find myself unable to fully disclose their names. Given their public position of authority that allows me to mention them directly, I deeply thank the directive board of the community through its then president Francisco Apasa and the vice president José Machacca. Beyond the authorities, I particularly want to thank my compadres don Luis and doña Martina, Fabian and Viviana, José and María, Tomas and Florencia, and Francisco and Epifania for the many hours spent in their homes and their fields, sharing their food and daily tasks, and for their kindness in guiding me in Hapu, allowing me to participate in their daily life and answering my many questions. -
Chanting in Amazonian Vegetalismo
________________________________________________________________www.neip.info Amazonian Vegetalismo: A study of the healing power of chants in Tarapoto, Peru. François DEMANGE Student Number: 0019893 M.A in Social Sciences by Independent Studies University of East London, 2000-2002. “The plant comes and talks to you, it teaches you to sing” Don Solón T. Master vegetalista 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter one : Research Setting …………………………….…………….………………. 3 Chapter two : Shamanic chanting in the anthropological literature…..……17 Chapter three : Learning to communicate ………………………………………………. 38 Chapter four : Chanting ……………………………………..…………………………………. 58 Chapter five : Awakening ………………………………………………………….………… 77 Bibliography ........................................................................................... 89 Appendix 1 : List of Key Questions Appendix 2 : Diary 3 Chapter one : Research Setting 1. Panorama: This is a study of chanting as performed by a new type of healing shamans born from the mixing of Amazonian and Western practices in Peru. These new healers originate from various extractions, indigenous Amazonians, mestizos of mixed race, and foreigners, principally Europeans and North-Americans. They are known as vegetalistas and their practice is called vegetalismo due to the place they attribute to plants - or vegetal - in the working of human consciousness and healing rituals. The research for this study was conducted in the Tarapoto region, in the Peruvian highland tropical forest. It is based both on first hand information collected during a year of fieldwork and on my personal experience as a patient and as a trainee practitioner in vegetalismo during the last six years. The key idea to be discussed in this study revolves around the vegetalista understanding that the taking of plants generates a process of learning to communicate with spirits and to awaken one’s consciousness to a broader reality - both within the self and towards the outer world. -
Custodians of Culture and Biodiversity
Custodians of culture and biodiversity Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen for IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland The opinions expressed in this manual are those of the authors and do not nec - essarily represent those of IFAD. The designations employed and the presenta - tion of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, terri - tory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are in - tended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached in the development process by a particular country or area. This manual contains draft material that has not been subject to formal re - view. It is circulated for review and to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The text has not been edited. On the cover, a detail from a Chinese painting from collections of Anita Kelles-Viitanen CUSTODIANS OF CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen For IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland Table of Contents Executive summary 1 I Objective of the study 2 II Results with recommendations 2 1. Introduction 2 2. Poverty 3 3. Livelihoods 3 4. Global warming 4 5. Land 5 6. Biodiversity and natural resource management 6 7. Indigenous Culture 7 8. Gender 8 9. -
Iv BOLIVIA the Top of the World
iv BOLIVIA The top of the world Bolivia takes the breath away - with its beauty, its geographic and cultural diversity, and its lack of oxygen. From the air, the city of La Paz is first glimpsed between two snowy Andean mountain ranges on either side of a plain; the spread of the joined-up cities of El Alto and La Paz, cradled in a huge canyon, is an unforgettable sight. For passengers landing at the airport, the thinness of the air induces a mixture of dizziness and euphoria. The city's altitude affects newcomers in strange ways, from a mild headache to an inability to get up from bed; everybody, however, finds walking up stairs a serious challenge. The city's airport, in the heart of El Alto (literally 'the high place'), stands at 4000 metres, not far off the height of the highest peak in Europe, Mont Blanc. The peaks towering in the distance are mostly higher than 5000m, and some exceed 6000m in their eternally white glory. Slicing north-south across Bolivia is a series of climatic zones which range from tropical lowlands to tundra and eternal snows. These ecological niches were exploited for thousands of years, until the Spanish invasion in the early sixteenth century, by indigenous communities whose social structure still prevails in a few ethnic groups today: a single community, linked by marriage and customs, might live in two or more separate climes, often several days' journey away from each other on foot, one in the arid high plateau, the other in a temperate valley. -
The Corrientes River Case: Indigenous People's
THE CORRIENTES RIVER CASE: INDIGENOUS PEOPLE'S MOBILIZATION IN RESPONSE TO OIL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON by GRACIELA MARIA MERCEDES LU A THESIS Presented to the Department of International Studies and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master of Arts December 2009 ---------------- ii "The Corrientes River Case: Indigenous People's Mobilization in Response to Oil Development in the Peruvian Amazon," a thesis prepared by Graciela Marfa Mercedes Lu in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Department of International Studies. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: lT.. hiS man.u...s. c. ript .has been approved by the advisor and committee named~ _be'oV\l __~!1_d _~Y--'3:~c~_ard Linton, Dean of the Graduate Scho~I_.. ~ Date Committee in Charge: Derrick Hindery, Chair Anita M. Weiss Carlos Aguirre Accepted by: III © 2009 Graciela Marfa Mercedes Lu IV An Abstract of the Thesis of Graciela M. Lu for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of International Studies to be taken December 2009 Title: THE CORRIENTES RIVER CASE: INDIGENOUS PEOPLE'S MOBILIZATION IN RESPONSE TO OIL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON Approved: Derrick Hindery Economic models applied in Latin America tend to prioritize economic growth heavily based on extractive industries and a power distribution model that affects social equity and respect for human rights. This thesis advances our understanding of the social, political and environmental concerns that influenced the formation of a movement among the Achuar people, in response to oil exploitation activities in the Peruvian Amazon. -
Chile's Constitution of 1980 with Amendments Through 2021
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:23 constituteproject.org Chile's Constitution of 1980 with Amendments through 2021 Text translated by Rodrigo Delaveau Swett, Deputy Justice of the Constitutional Court of Chile, in collaboration with the Comparative Constitutional Project. This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:23 Table of contents CHAPTER I: BASES OF INSTITUTIONALITY . 4 CHAPTER II: NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP . 6 CHAPTER III: CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES . 8 CHAPTER IV: GOVERNMENT . 20 CHAPTER V: NATIONAL CONGRESS . 29 CHAPTER VI: JUDICIARY . 44 CHAPTER VII: PUBLIC MINISTRY . 46 CHAPTER VIII: CONSTITUTIONAL COURT . 49 CHAPTER IX: ELECTORAL SERVICE AND ELECTORAL JUSTICE . 53 CHAPTER X: OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC . 55 CHAPTER XI: ARMED FORCES, FORCES OF ORDER AND FORCES OF PUBLIC SAFETY . 56 CHAPTER XII: NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL . 57 CHAPTER XIII: CENTRAL BANK . 58 CHAPTER XIV: GOVERNMENT AND INTERIOR STATE ADMINISTRATION . 58 CHAPTER XV: AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION AND THE PROCEDURE TO PREPARE A NEW CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC . 65 ARTICLE 130: National Plebiscite . 66 ARTICLE 131: The Convention . 68 ARTICLE 132: Requirements and incompatibilities of the candidates . 68 ARTICLE 133: Operation of the Convention . 69 ARTICLE 134: The statute of the Constitutional Conventionals . 69 ARTICLE 135: Special provisions . 70 ARTICLE 136: Claims . 70 ARTICLE 137: Extension of the term of operation of the Convention . 71 ARTICLE 138: Transitory Previsions . 71 ARTICLE 139: Integration of the Mixed Constitutional Convention . 71 ARTICLE 140: Electoral system of the Mixed Constitutional Convention . -
Indigenous Peoples' Diplomacy, Mediation, and Conciliation As A
Mantilla: Indigenous Peoples’ Diplomacy, Mediation, and Conciliation as a R Updated_Mantilla camera ready (Do Not Delete) 1/11/2021 10:50 AM INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ DIPLOMACY, MEDIATION, AND CONCILIATION AS A RESPONSE TO THE I.C.J. DECISION IN THE OBLIGATION TO NEGOTIATE ACCESS TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN CASE YURI MANTILLA* ABSTRACT The Article analyzes the International Court of Justice’s decision in the Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile) case and its failure to provide an original and effective legal solution to an important territorial dispute in Latin America. As a response to this, this Article makes the case for the engagement of other institutions and actors including the Secretary General of the United Nations, the Organization of American States, and Pope Francis, who could facilitate mediation processes for the resolution of this international conflict. This Article considers historical facts that demonstrate the intention of the parties to find a negotiated solution to their territorial dispute. It makes the case for using mediation and conciliation, for the resolution of the conflict, and makes arguments against power politics and the use of military force as instruments for the resolution of the territorial dispute. Moreover, this Article demonstrates that the people of Bolivia and Chile can find a mutually beneficial solution to their dispute by creating, among others, civil * Yuri Mantilla is Professor of Law at Liberty University School of Law. Professor Mantilla holds a Ph.D. in Law from the University of Aberdeen in Scotland, an LL.M. degree from American University Washington College of Law, and an LL.B.