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United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,584,972

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United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,584,972 United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,584,972. Jayne et al. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 29, 1986 54) DYNAMIC COMPRESSION INTERNAL (56) References Cited COMBUSTON ENGINE WITH YOKE HAVING AN OFFSET ARCUATE SLOT U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 283,558 8/1883 Baumgarten ................. 123/197 AC 1,349,660 8/1920 Buhl ............................. 123/197 AC 76 Inventors: Michael E. Jayne, 1 River St., 1,505,856 8/1924 Briggs .......................... 123/197 AC Belchertown, Mass. 01007; Peter D. 1,572,918 2/1926 Geddes ... 123/197 AC Anderson, 27 High Point Dr.; James 4,449,494 5/1984 Beaudoin .......................... 12.3/56 C T. Hoffman, 260 Grantwood Dr., 4,466,403 8/1984 Menton ........................ 123/197 AC both of Amherst, Mass. 01002; Primary Examiner-Craig R. Feinberg Robert B. Gray, 71 Gulf Rd., Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Craig and Burns Belchertown, Mass. 01007 (57) ABSTRACT An internal combustion engine has a cylinder with a (21) Appl. No.: 684,576 first axis, a piston housing therein and connected to a yoke housing having a sliding block within a slot in the yoke which slot is curved about a center of curvature 22) Filed: Dec. 21, 1984 with the concave side of the slot facing away from the combustion chamber and offset from the vertical axis of the combustion chamber, the curve's radius being such (51) Int. Cl." .............................................. FO2B 75/32 as to provide a power stroke having a time period (52) U.S. Cl. ............................ 123/56 C; 123/197 AC which exceeds the time period of a compression stroke. (58) Field of Search ............... 123/56 R, 56 C, 197 R, 123/197 A, 197 AB, 197 AC 14 Claims, 63 Drawing Figures l U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 1 of 13 4,584,972 U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 2 of 13 4584,972 U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 4 of 13 4,584.972 3El & s S C - CNup 3 a U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 5 of 13 4,584.972 : S S upe on up 3 at U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 6 of 13 4,584.972 NJ S N CN - so calEl w: & U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 7 of 13 4,584.972 2 U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 8 of 13 4,584.972 FG3 FG4 42, 33, 36, 40 T4: 40, 42 5 4 42, 40 00 OO U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 9 of 13 4,584.972 FG U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 10 of 13 4,584,972 -s ().e : 2. s($2. (> -gappoint t D s g 2 : U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 11 of 13 4,584.972 U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 12 of 13 4,584,972 P H o s SE (A an ore d S2 (42. e D i s s U.S. Patent Apr. 29, 1986 Sheet 13 of 13 4,584.972 4,584,972 1. 2 The U.S. Pat. No. 1,349,660 to Buhl, issued Aug. 17, DYNAMIC COMPRESSION INTERNAL 1920, for clockwise or counter clockwise revolution as COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH YOKE HAVING AN shown describes a power stroke for a yoke which has a OFFSET ARCUATE SLOT greater time period than the time period for the return or compression stroke, however, mathematical analysis This invention relates to internal combustion engines of his structure reveals that it would fail to produce the and, more specifically, to internal combustion engines desired effect of slowing down the power stroke and employing a scotch yoke, at least one of which is dis speeding up the compression stroke during the relevant closed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,013,048 issued Mar. 22, 1977 to portion of the cycle. Daniel M. Reitz. 10 The center of curvature of the curvilinear slot is In certain of the prior art engines, for example that located on the piston side of the crankshaft. disclosed by Reitz, pairs of cylinders with each pair Further, the Buhl disclosure shows a radius of curva coaxially aligned and disposed back to back with the ture for the curved slot which is substantially identical piston rods extending from the pistons reciprocating in in magnitude to the cylinder diameter. Such a configu each of the pairs of cylinders are coaxially aligned and 15 ration is subject to excessive and rapid wear as a result joined by a yoke. The center of the yoke is transversely of the short radius of the curved slot and the related slotted to receive the throw of a crank so that, as each pronounced offset of the center of curvature of the slot pair of pistons and their yoke-joined piston rods recip with respect to the cylinder axis. The short radius of the rocate as a unit, the crank throw will not only recipro curved slot also induces an excessive vibration into the cate with and in the direction of the yoke but will also system even at very low speeds. reciprocate transversely in the yoke slot. The crank The U.S. patent to Baumgarten, Ser. No. 283,558 shaft thus receives a desired rotary driving motion from issued Aug. 21, 1883, shows a yoke mounted to a steam the reciprocation of the paired pistons. engine, the yoke having a curvilinear slot within which The relationship of the piston rods, yoke and the a cross piece of the crank extends. The Baumgarten slot throw of the crankshaft in a scotch yoke engine are such 25 is wider than the cross piece and fails to contain simulta that the acceleration of the piston rod departing from neously the cross piece on opposite sides thereof. The top dead center is slower for a given angular displace irregular shaped curvilinear slot of Baumgarten is ex ment of the crankshaft when compared to the compara pensive to manufacture. The fact that it does not posi ble action in a conventional internal combustion engine tively restrain the cross piece within the slot makes it of the kind wherein the piston is connected to the crank 30 subject to excessive wear and vibration during opera shaft throw by means of a wrist pin and connecting rod. tion. This results in maintaining the fuel air mixture under Similarly, British Pat. No. 152,799 to Cummings dis higher pressure for a longer period of time compared to closes a yoke with curvilinear slot in which a bush that for the conventional engine described, thereby mounted upon a crank pin oscillates. The center of facilitating a more complete burning earlier in the cycle. 35 curvature of the curvilinear slot of Cummings is also At the same time, less cylinder wall is exposed during disposed on the piston side of the crankshaft. Again, the burning during such movement compared to the com complex curvilinear shape of the Cummings slot is ex parable action in the described conventional internal pensive and difficult to manufacture, at the same time, combustion engine, resulting in lower thermal losses during operation being subjected to excessive wear by through the cylinder wall which, in turn, translates to virtue of the fact that the bush, during its excursion improved overall thermal efficiency with attendant from one end of the slot to the other has only a point increase in the amount of power available per each unit bearing rather than a surface bearing thus increasing the of fuel and air burned. load at the point bearing with attendant wear upon slot Other parameters being equal, a scotch yoke engine and bush. may be expected to exhibit a lower exhaust gas tempera 45 German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,252,277, Annel ture compared to the described conventional internal detag Oct. 25, 1972, to Wegner shows a non-rectilinear combustion engines. slot having two straight sections angularly disposed While the prior art, as exemplified by the Reitz pa with respect to each other in a yoke in which a crank tent, addressed the problem of minimizing the number pin, with point bearings, oscillates. Complexities of of parts in an engine, the resulting engines proved diffi 50 manufacture of the irregularly shaped slot together cult to produce and to maintain. The configuration of with excessive wear induced by the point or line contact the members in a scotch yoke engine of the prior art of bearings of the crank pin against the inner edges of results in excessive wear and resulting destabilization, the slots may be expected to produce excessive wear that is, misalignment of the piston and yoke within the and attendant unsatisfactory operation after a period of cylinder and crankcase as contrasted to operation of 55 time. comparable engines of the wrist pin and connecting rod British Pat. No. 576,546, Apr. 9, 1946, to Williams type. shows a yoke with a cam track disposed angularly with Employed in a two-stroke cycle, the prior art engines respect to the axis of the cylinder, with engages flanges required complicated seals while the use of opposing and rollers mounted for rotation with respect to a crank cylinders makes for unconventional space requirements 60 pin. Although Williams avoids the irregular motion of for the engine and attendant complications for mainte his carriage device by provision of motion along a nance and repair. straight line cam track, the point contact of the bearings Further, the premixing of oil with gas for two-stroke of the rollers nevertheless are subject to excessive fric cycle operation results in engine operation with unac tion with attendant wear.
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