44 TIIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

P. Turnus J, both sides-tl're pale variety ; caterpillar and chrysalis. 3. Pieris Arali, sulrlner fornt Acadica Edlv., z figs. " 4. \ianessa Arttiofa lt aa " L\[i/ltu.tii a\ l( 6. Pl.rarreis Atd.l(t./tt (t t! tl 7. '( Cordui t! a( 8. Crurorryrnpha Inorttatt., Edsv. (( 9. Chionobas Cah.is. Scud., $ . Under side only. ro. Chrysoplranrrs E1:ixcttt/tc. Bois. z figs. II, Lycaena Atlui/0, Boi.s. .l I2. " Cotqleri, Gr:ote, .. " Asler. l)dtv. .l 'I'he hgures of c. htorttttt. agree with the type specimenof the butter- fly fro'-r Lalie lvinrripeg. I have also four examfles taken at St. John's, Netfoundland, ir.r r88o, b1' 1,1r. 1'. L. Mead. I have seen this species from no locality betrveen Winnipeg and the island. Chjon. c'alais rvas rlescribed fr:orn a single fe'rale fro'r Rupert r{ouse, H.dson's Bay, a'd to this day r have 'ot seen another example. I for- rnerly thonght it rvas the same as Cb.. chry*zs, Doubl., but am satisfied of its distinctness. 'l'iris admirable figLrre by NIr. Gosse is unmistakably the likeness of cttlais, t-l.rich like rnornata, is thus found in localities thousands of miles apart. Lyc. Aster'.as taken by tr{r.. Nlead at St. Joh''s, and I have not seen it froil localities outside Nervfoundland. Lyc. couperi lvas taken by IIr. wm. couper on Anticosti, and is also found in Sor.rth Labrador. W. H. Eowanos. Coalburgh, \\'. \'a., r8th l)ec., r882.

NO'I'ES ON BL]'fTERI'LIES OBI'AINED AT CARBONEAR ISLANT). NE\\rl'OLINDLAND, r83z_r835.

Paprlo l:lRl\ilcAL,-D.\r S,q.uxD. j ANI) l.fs 'I'neNslclnltatIoNs.

[Extracts from jorrnals, kept by P. H. Gosse, at Carbonear, New- foundland, in r834 lnd rE35.1 r834, LLly 25.- -l --\ i'riur11, -\ ll., caught for me an exaluple of the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. +D

Black Swallor,vtail,* in torn condition, on Car.bonear. fsla'd, :r high rocky islet, about a mile in length, l1.ing off the mouth of the harbor, uninhabited, uncultivated, partly covered l.ith bushes-visitcd occasionally for summer. picnics. 'I'his is my first cabinet sPeciner ; b't I hacl possessed an old rubbed and patched speciilen lr'hich had been captured in the same locality several years before I began to collect. July 3r.--I made a r-isit rvith A. E., to Carbonear Island. We salv immense numbers of the little Orange-broivn Rr-rtterfly (the Cenonymp/ta f,gured o1r page zz of my Entom. of Netvfoundland, 4to), and rnany of the Polyomntatus (Argus of Ibid, p. ,3).t After searching the lsland, in vain, for a Swallowtail, rve were just going dorvn to our boat, rvhen I caught sight of a great black fellorv fluttering over a bed of tansy. I ran towards him, bnt I had to look about some tirne before I could f,nd my beauty, for he had now alighted, and rvas so f'earless that he did not attempt to fly, but continued sr.rcking the aromatic florvers, I threu' my net over him, and found I had secured a specimen much more perfect than my former acquisition. Aug. 8.--X,Iy neighbor, X,Ir. Peters, gave lrre a beautiful caterpillar, which had beeu feeding on par-snip in his garden, and a fer,v hours later he sent me another (No" z), yolrnger. l'hey are of a clear appie-green 'ltand hue, each segment marked by a black transverse of velvet-black, car- rying five spots of bright yellorv. Each segment is also separated from its fellows by a narrower line of black. I i'eel confident they are the larve of one of the Swallorvtails. The No. z protruded, and instantly retracted, a soft red organ from its neck. Aug. 9.-I observed the orange-colored organ of the neck much farther projected I it rvas then forked, in form of a Y ; it left a lyetness o1t rny finger, and diffused a strong odor of parsnip. Aug. rr.-I am convinced that the Y-organ of the r.reck is rised as a defence I for, olr my touching the siile of t1.re caterpitlar-the lelt side, for instance-it would jerk its head round to the place, and protrude the left branch of tlre forked horn ; if I touched the right side, the right branch rvotrld be protmded ; the otier branch, on cach occasion, being hei\t url- 'fl-re dis/la1ted, rvhile a strong fetor rvas nanife-st" caterpillar No. r has moulted to-day.

" Papilio brezticauda, Satncl. 't Lyr. Aster, E,dw. 46 THE CANAI]IAN XNTOMOI,OGIST.

ALig. r6.-The younger (No. z.) molrlted. 'Ihere is a marked differ- in the coloring of the trvo exatlples. 'I'his rine has the ye1lol' spots cir- cular in or.rtline, atrcl cluite insnlatccl, centrally, on the black bands ; but No. r lras the spots of obJon$ sha1.ie, and placed uloit t/tc frottt edg'e of the blach lrands. itttcrrtrptirrg it. Aug. zr.-In Peters'garclen I found, ol the parsttip leaves, two nore Sl,allorvtail caterpillals, larger than my largest (Nos. 3 and 4). Ar-rg. zz.-tr'Iy No. r is hanging, back dorvnrvard, from the roof of its cage, a silken band round its bodt', and its tail fastetled to a knob of rvhite silk. In tl.re evetring No. 3 suspends itself jr"r like manner. ALrg. 23.-'l'his morning I was so fortutlate es to see the process of No. 4 putting the aiready spun silken girth over his head, and adjusting it around his shoulders. Aug. zr1.-No. r l'ettt into chrysalis during the foreuoon. It is large arrd ror.rgh of surface, of a yellorvish pink hue, green in some parts' marked rvith a broad streak of sooty brorvn dorvn the back. and one down each side of the abdomen. Aug. 25.-'I'his rnolning l sarv that No. 3 had already.become a chry- s:rlis. About 51-r. m., l rvitnesscd, rr'ith great pleasrtre, tlie rvhole Process of tl.re evolution of auothet chrl'salis, rny No' 4-the one r'hon I had seen pr.lt on his necktie. 'I'his caterpillar appe:rring tlneasy and restless' I watchecl it at intervals 1br about half an hour I rvhen, by strong and ap- parently painful distension of the part, a slit rvas tnacle in the skin, down the back of the third ring. 'I'hror.rgh this the soft chrysalis forced itself, gradnally ertending the siit tqlzaartls, till the head rvas divided and separated 1 and also dozrtnuards, for sevetal rings' length. The skin was now gradu:rlly pushed doivr.r. I had been curious to see horv the creatnre would get through this part of the business, for its rveight pressed the silken girtl'r very tigl't ar-ountl t1-re body. 'I'here seemed, ltowever, no real cliflrcult1'; I thouglit it kept itsel! by tluscular effort, from pressing its rvhole I'eigirt on the girth ut.rtil t1're skin had passed the part. As soon as it rvas pushed do$-n to the extrelrii:y, tl.re tail of the chrysalis rvas t]rrttst out beneath, very- cleverly, al]cl pu,rhed up\\.ard to take hold of the little knob of silk. When this rvas done, the old $'rinkled skin rvas jerked off, and cast aivay, by the rvrithing of the pupa. I'i-re silken girth rvas nolv encircling the bocly, betl,een the sixth and seventh rings ; but the chrysalis trvistecl ancl ttLrnecl, till it got the girth thlcc rirlgs nearer the head, natnely, TIIE CANAIJ]AN IINTOMOI,OGISI]. 47

across the middlc of the u'ing-clarva, had the peculiarity of the yelorv spots, rvhich r noticed on the r6th inst., and from both circumstances, r fully expect the imago to be of a different species from the others. r835. June 25.-'Iio-day I sailed fron Carbonear for Canada, carrying rvith me the four Sl'alloltail chrysalids of last sumner, ali alive and apparerrtly healthy. July 4. At sea, in the G.ulf of St. Larvrence.-From the yeliow and green chrysalis, No. z (see note on /\ug. 30, 1834), rvas evolved before day, a specime' of the Black s'r,'allowtail-pulilo Asierias (l,rez,icautla of saunders.) It is identical rvith the examples talbutterfly this afterrroon. July r8 and zo. At Quebec.-The otl-rer two $,ere evolved. Those ofthe 4th and r4th had been kept in glasses, exposed to the sunlight, all 48 THE UANAIIIAN ]INI].OIIOI,OGIST. the rvinter ; these last two harl been shut up in a clark box. Thus all tly four exarnples l-rave producccl per'fect im:lgine-s. I can discern no specific difference among- thcse last lhree, itirr .rz. I nor-l'hat is mLrch more re- tnarkable--lret\vcen tlierl ln.-1 tire one liorn tl're ycllor- at-rd green chrysalis, cvolved on thc ,1t)-r in,sturt. 'l'hc r.ali:rtion in color', rr'hicl-r distinguished this individual. lroth iri thc larvr lncl pLrpa (as I have described under dates Aug. r6 ancl 3o. rE34). scenrs, therefore, a \.ely notetvorthy circttm- s tance. 'lhe liquid discharged bl these bLrtterilies, inmediately after tireir evolu- tion, is ivhitish, or cream-colored. 'l'l.re duration of the period of pupa- repose is not quite uniforn. It does not fa1l much short of eleven tttottths, fron about the middle of August to about the middle of July. And the evolution of rl1,- individuals irept in unnatural conf,nement through the r.vinter, does not scnsibly vary, in seasonal period, from that of the examples caught on Carbonear Island, last July. One of my evolved specimens, before it was killed for the cabinet, laid five globular yellorv eggs. So tl-rat I have ,seen this beautiful insect in all its stagcs. "i,r P. ?urnus, Lirln. Dlvalfed in size, and palecl lt,,e, from the uormal American condition. It is very nncertain in its appearance I in some seasons I have seen 15 or 20 examples ; in others not olte ; it must alr,vays be considered scarce. Lr rny " Canadian Naturalist" I have given a few notes of these species. Pieris Oleracea, Harr. Alivays abundatrt I a nuisauce in the cabbage- 'I'he gardens. rst brood appe:rrs early in June ; the znd late in August and early in September, at rvhich times rve find oleraceous plants studded rvith the oblong, rvl'ritish eggs. I once sarv a t lay an egg; she alighted on the nnder side of a leaf of horse-radish, and immediately, bending her abdomen dorvn, tonched the leaf for an instant, and flerv away. Looking at the spot I found the rvhite egg adhering by its end. I have had females lay several eggs, rvhen pinned on the setting board. I once fonnd a Pupa rvhich rvas all over of a light pellucid green hue ; this is ahvays the color when nervly evolved, br-rt in this instance the green hue remained lvithout any change till the imago appeared, sorne ten days after I had fouud it. Another unusual circumstance u'as tlrat this chrysalis, instead of beilg horizontal, rvas bound in a perpendicular position, head dorvnrvard to an upright post. 'fhe Jr,me broocl have remained in pupa through the rvinter, ]]HN CANADIAN TNIIOMO.LOGIST. 49

the August brood only about a fortnight. What become-s of butterflies at night ? I had oftcn askec1. Oue evening after dark, I sarv a p. Oleracea. resting with closed rvings on a stalk of grass. I threrv it into the air re- peatedly, but itrvould not fly; it mer:ely fluttered to tlre grourcl. ancl made no resistance to my taking it up again. Vanessa Milberti, Godart. 'Ihe hrst butterfly that glad

-i\bout the middle ol' J une rre see the tops of tlic growing netties covered with unsightly rvebs, s,hich are inhabitecl bv farnilies of tbe little black jrr caterpillars ol Millterti. 'l'hey live societv some timc :ritcr thev are hatched ; but as they rrorv uP they separate into gro rqrs of four or hve on each plant. :\s they are not loug eating the choice lea,ves of one nettle, they colonize to othel'-q, leaving tlleir deserted ha,bita,tions mere leafless stalks, covered t'ith the dense ancl clcth-ljkc u-eb. ancl ryith tlre excremenr and sloughed skins of the caterpiila,rs. l\/hen full gro*'n they have a r-ePLilsive appeara^ce, being black 'ather .bear-rty above, dingy g.eeu f-ielo'', rvith toothed spirre s. rjut the of the chrysaiis atorres for the ugliless of the ca.terpiilar ; fol the numeror-is sharp points on the brcxvn segments ar-r: of a lro,.ir brilliant gold. like polished metal. occasionally lve see exarlpl.es of more than usual splendour; the abdominal rings of a. dull red, and the rvhoie fore part_r 6f poiisheci gold, -vith tinged gleen. Alas I it is a fatal bea,utl' I for. al1 such specimerrs are punctured by parasitic flies. thc terrrlble " [,ons sti'es 1" and from every one there are srlre to emerge one or more of these rascallv ichrrenmous. V. Antioy'a, Lin'. Rather rar:e, fl1,-irg rouird the tops of rvi,ilorvs. Firre specimens mea,sure 3/2 inches in expa.lse; the |orfler. 6f the.q,ings, which in Europea' exan:pies is bufl is i. Nervfo'nclla.d examples pure white, speckled ivith blackish ; a,t least in the f'ernale. Plranteis Atalanta, r'nttt. Lhe Red Admira,r ris sufficie.tiy abu'dant rvith rts' As soon as summer is f'rly set i. orir sardens are gay with this 50 TI1T CANADIAN DNTOMOI,OGIST. l/ery filre insect, itself looking like a brilliant flower. Like other members of the group, it often aiternately expands and closes its beautiful black and scarlet rvings in the sttn nhen resting frorn flight. There seem to be tlvo broods in the season I one aitpearing in June, one in Sept' and Oct' The transformations of this wide-spread species are sufllciently knorvtl. A day or two before tire evolution of the butterfly the briliiant marking of the fore wings becomes distinctly visible througir the transparent skin of the pupa ; but all in miniature. [ ]rave taken a chrysalis in this condition between n1, fingers, and gently pressing jt till the skin of the back cracked, the butterfly cra,rvled out. 'I'hough it $ra'c quite lively' the wings didnot begin to expand for more than an hour ; then they rapidly attained their full size and perfect form, rvithout any injury from the premature birth' Though the Red Admiral is so abundant iu Newfoundland, I cannot recollect that I ever met rvith it iu Lorver Canada, and very rarely in Alabama' P\r. Carfuti, Linn. 'I'he last remark is true of this universally distri- buted species also. In Newfoundland, hog'ever, it is more allundant as larva than as irnago ; the caterpillars, in great societies, cro'rvcling the rveb-clothed thistles by the rvayside, rvhich I have found very easy to rear, rvhile if wc Search the saure plants a few rveeks latcr no trace of one and not ever zrn ernpty pupa-skin appears, aDd the butterflies are far from numerous. The chrysalis is even more beautiful than that of Milberti' the gilded spots being often orange-colored. c/tionobas calais, scucld. of this species i anr sorry to say I can give no account, except thc coiored ligure in my book of drawings, rvhich was certainly made from a specimeu taketl near Carbonear' cenonympfi.a inornata, Edw. If my little orange-brorvn is indeed this species, it must be wide-spread, since this reaches to the Pacific' In Newfoundland itis not uncommon, though iocal. In Aug. 1833, I found a few specimells or1 Calbonear Island, and in -Iuly of the following year' irnmense mrmbers were srvarming there, though oDly one or trvo straggling individuals were to be seen elsewhere. I knorv nothing of the immature stages. Chrysophanus Epi*anthe, Lec. This tiny butterfly, which I called the Purple-disk, rvas the smallest species that I had ever seen, expanding Iess than an inch. It appears to be rare. I met with it only in 1834' at the end of July and the beginni[g of August, chiefly on sonre low shrubs, unknown to me. whose leaves have an aromatic odor somewhat like that ,I'HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51 of the orange tree gro'lving in some abundance on tire banks of a brook behind the torvu o[ Carbonear. A ferv exaurples otrly occurred, but from its ininuteness and clull hrLe it may be easily overlooked. Yet the :rrea of the upper surface, though duil, has a ricli purple flusir irr some lights. Lyccena Aster',\Y. H. lt drv. 'l'his species. u'hich I had supposed to be orrr Iinglish tLrgus, is far rnorc colrlnori than the precedirtg. In the summer of 1834 it rvas neariy a-q atrunclant as thc little Orauge-brorvn on Carbonear Island, nhere every step aroused rrumbers of these bright little creatures frorn the grass to spqrt in the sunshine" It rvas snrprising to see ho'lv much the bearns of the sun, reflected in every direction frorn their lustrous wirrgs, added to the iife and gaiety of the scene. I have found the species not rare also on Bake-apple l{arsh, during July an

ON THtr GENUS AGROTIS.

llY A. R, GROIE, A, tvl.

In the Reports of IJr. Harris and Prof. Riley and some other State Entomologists, tlte stntctural characters of the genus,4gt'otis ate not grvcn' and the term is evidentlyloosely applied to cover certain Noctuid:e known as " cut-lvornts." In Dr. Harris's Report, as I have shorvn, the moth Eadena deztastatrit (the Agrotis deuastator of Brace) is considered to be an Agrotis,while Agrotis Clandestina, lvhich has the structural characters of Agrotis, is referred to the old Linnean gents Noctua, now without