DOCSLIB.ORG

Year 9 History Elizabeth Knowledge Organiser

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Year 9 History Elizabeth Knowledge Organiser GCSE History Knowledge Organiser: Queen, Government & Religion 1558-1569 1558- Elizabeth 1560 – Requiem Mass 1562 – French civil 1669 – Revolt of becomes Queen reintroduced war begins the Northern Earls 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 William Cecil 1559 – Elizabeth’s 1562 – Dudley becomes 1567 - Mary, 1568 - Mary, – Secretary of Religious Settlement Privy Councillor Queen of Scots’ Queen of Scots State husband dies arrives in England Context Society Challenges from Abroad Religious Settlement Henry VIII Henry made himself Head of the Scotland: Had been ruled by Mary, Queen of Scots Elizabeth tried to create a 1509-1547 English Church so that he could (although she moved to France as she had married the heir Middle Way which united divorce Catherine of Aragon. He had to the French throne. There were French soldiers in Catholics and Protestants. wars with France and poverty Scotland so the danger of attack was always present. Her Act of Uniformity said that increased. There was widespread France: In 1558 France was at war with England and Spain. everyone needed to attend a rebellion. They also wanted Mary, Queen of Scots to be Queen of Protestant church on a Sunday, England. or pay a recusancy fine of 1 Edward VI Decoration was removed from Spain: Was the most powerful country in Europe with a shilling a week (most rich 1547-1553 churches and the English Prayer Book huge empire. They were devoutly Catholic. However, they Catholics did this). The Act of was introduced. Catholics were killed. had been friendly with England for most of the Tudor reign Supremacy named Elizabeth as Harvests were bad and there were due to Mary I’s marriage to Phillip II. Supreme Governor instead of many rebellions. Head of the Church, so that she Mary I 1553- Married Philip II and made England Elizabeth’s Legitimacy didn’t challenge the authority 1558 Catholic. There was rebellion and of the Pope. many Protestants were burned alive. People died of starvation. She began an expensive war with Spain. Government Poverty & Harvest Religious Division Opposition Elizabeth ruled and took advice from her Privy Council and The quality of the harvest was what determined the Puritans felt that the Religious Protestants The monarch was Head of the Church. Court. She had Archbishops and Bishops to assist in the success of a Tudor reign. In the 1550s, people had become Settlement was too Catholic. Most decoration was removed from running of the Church and Lords Lieutenant and Justices of desperately poor and starvation was common. In Mary’s reign, over 200,000 died from starvation. The harvest in They wanted her to get rid of the Church. Clergy wore simple robes the Peace to assist in enforcing laws. and taught from an English Bible. Elizabeth’s accession year was strong and this made people Bishops and decoration in think she was in for a good reign. churches. Many poor Catholics Catholics Pope was Head of the Church. Elizabeth’s Problems accepted it straight away in Churches were highly decorated and Mary, Queen of Scots order to avoid paying the fine clergy’s robes were too. Services were 1. What to do about religion? however the rich were angry held in Latin. Mass was important. 2. What to do about marriage or an heir? Mary Stuart arrived in England in 1568. In doing so, she that she hadn’t included Mass. 3. How to tackle issues of poverty? gave Catholics hope that there could be a Catholic monarch English Catholics had lots of Puritans Committees were elected by the 4. How to tackle foreign relations with France and Spain? on the throne. Elizabeth imprisoned her, over suspicions support from Spain, particularly congregation, Churches & robes were 5. How to tackle people’s doubts about her gender? around her husband’s murder but Mary had strong links in once Mary, Queen of Scots had plain. English Bible with Communion 6. How to tackle people’s doubts about her legitimacy? France and Scotland. Elizabeth had to tread carefully. arrived in England. representing Jesus spiritually. GCSE History Knowledge Organiser: Challenges to Elizabeth at Home and Abroad – 1569-1588 1569 – Revolt of the 1572 – Dutch revolt 1577-80 – Drake’s circumnavigation of the world 1584 – Bond of 1586 – Babington 1588 – Spanish Northern Earls against Spain Association Plot Armada 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1570 – Pope 1571 – Ridolfi 1580s – Jesuit priests arrive in England excommunicates Plot Elizabeth 1583 – Throckmorton Plot 1587 – MQS execution Revolt of the Northern Earls - 1569 Throckmorton Plot - 1583 Walsingham’s Spy Network The Armada Plan CAUSE: The Earls of Northumberland & Westmorland Aims Throckmorton wad links with Catholic nobility Walsingham had spies all over Europe, watching priests, Philip planned to send the Duke strongly opposed the Religious Settlement. They and carried letters between MQS and the informing the government of attempted plots and foiling of Parma with 20,000 men to feared that Elizabeth wanted them executed. French & Spanish ambassadors. The aim was Catholic plans. He had a team of code breakers, a team of meet the Armada at Calais. EVENT: They ordered their tenants to join their army freeing MQS and killing Elizabeth, with support priest hunters who were searching out Jesuit priests, he After a successful sea battle, and marched south, ransacking Durham Cathedral and from Philip II and the French Duke of Guise. influenced major changes in laws to ensure treatment of the Spanish forces would land holding a service of Mass there. However, they didn’t Catholics became more harsh and used informers and in Kent and march on London, Events Spies searched Throckmorton’s house & found double agents to infiltrate Catholic plots. gather much support. A royal army of 10,000 men was papers incriminating many Catholic nobles. encouraging a Catholic rebellion. on its’ way to meet them to stop the rebellion. Philip II never released promised funds. It was Conflict with Spain CONSEQUENCES: The Earls escaped to Scotland but never proven whether MQS knew about it. Northumberland was captured. Westmorland escaped Armada Results Consequence Elizabeth expelled the Spanish Ambassador. Trade England began competing with the Spanish abroad. Elizabeth had over 450 Catholics executed. in the New World and explorers like Drake Throckmorton was tortured & killed. Fears for The English navy had longer Elizabeth’s safety rose. The Bond of Association frequently stole from Spanish ships (like the Ridolfi Plot - 1571 Cacafuego). Piracy was illegal. ranging guns but didn’t do was passed. It said that if MQS was involved in much damage in the first 8 further plots, she’d be tried for treason. Aims Ridolfi was an Italian banker. He carried Religion Catholic priests in England made Elizabeth days. Lord Howard ordered fire messages between MQS and the Duke fearful of a Catholic holy war. However, ships to be sent into the of Alva in the Netherlands, the Pope and Babington Plot - 1586 Philip had not gone to war previously so Spanish fleet who had dropped there is no reason that he would now. anchor. This caused panic Philip II to organise an invasion of Aims Babington had previously carried letters for amongst the Spanish and, England. MQS. The Babington Plot stemmed from a Politics Philip didn’t want any other country to coupled with a storm which priest who was being watched by Elizabeth’s Events Alva wasn’t supportive of the invasion challenge his power (he controlled the they weren’t used to and a government. They planned to kill Elizabeth, put but Ridplfi was unaware of this. Netherlands and Portugal as well as Spain). rocky English channel, they MQS on the throne and restore Catholicism. Meanwhile, Walsingham’s spies had Netherlands Elizabeth sent money to help Dutch revels broke formation. intercepted the letters and had arrested Events Babington wrote, explaining that a foreign and later in 1585 in the Treaty of Nonsuch, The Spanish fleet retreated, the Duke of Norfolk (who was planned invasion was necessary to deal with Elizabeth sent more money and an army. having lost around 50 ships and to marry MQS). but these coded letters were found in beer thousands of men. The Singeing of the King of Spain’s Beard England’s boats were more Consequence Norfolk was executed in 1572. Elizabeth barrels. Walsingham intercepted them all. manoeuvrable and alongside expelled the Spanish Ambassador but Consequence Babington was executed, and MQS arrested and In 1587, Drake set out to Cadiz to attack the Spanish great leadership from Howard luckily, this did not cause problems put on trial. She was found guilty of direct preparations for the Armada. He inflicted heavy damage and & Drake (in comparison to between England and Spain. Parliament involvement in the Plot and sentenced to then destroyed food supplies for the Armada, further along Medina Sidonia who lacked persuaded Elizabeth to become more execution. Elizabeth claimed she never wanted at Lisbon. Finally, he captured the San Felipe and stole experience) England prevented harsh to Catholics. to reach this conclusion. £114,000 from it. Philip was furious. the Spanish invasion. GCSE History Knowledge Organiser: Elizabethan Society & Exploration 1558-1588 1569 – Latitude 1576 – The 1578 – Raleigh 1587 – Raleigh & longitude Theatre sails to N. begins his second 1555 1560 1565 introduced 1570 1575 opens America 1580 1585 voyage to America 1590 1572 – The 1576 – Act for 1577-80 – Drake’s 1584 – Raleigh Vagabonds the Relief of circumnavigation begins his voyage Act the Poor of the world to America Society Poverty Drake Impact Gentlemen (The Nobles, lords, lots of inherited wealth. A poor harvest affected the cost of wheat which led to the Drake hated Spain and wanted to weaken it as much as Gentry) starvation of the poor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mary Stuart and Elizabeth 1 Notes for a CE Source Question Introduction
    Mary Stuart and Elizabeth 1 Notes for a CE Source Question Introduction Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587) Mary was the daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise. She became Queen of Scotland when she was six days old after her father died at the Battle of Solway Moss. A marriage was arranged between Mary and Edward, only son of Henry VIII but was broken when the Scots decided they preferred an alliance with France. Mary spent a happy childhood in France and in 1558 married Francis, heir to the French throne. They became king and queen of France in 1559. Francis died in 1560 of an ear infection and Mary returned to Scotland a widow in 1561. During Mary's absence, Scotland had become a Protestant country. The Protestants did not want Mary, a Catholic and their official queen, to have any influence. In 1565 Mary married her cousin and heir to the English throne, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. The marriage was not a happy one. Darnley was jealous of Mary's close friendship with her secretary, David Rizzio and in March 1566 had him murdered in front of Mary who was six months pregnant with the future James VI and I. Darnley made many enemies among the Scottish nobles and in 1567 his house was blown up. Darnley's body was found outside in the garden, he had been strangled. Three months later Mary married the chief suspect in Darnley’s murder, the Earl of Bothwell. The people of Scotland were outraged and turned against her.
    [Show full text]
  • Shakespeare, Middleton, Marlowe
    UNTIMELY DEATHS IN RENAISSANCE DRAMA UNTIMELY DEATHS IN RENAISSANCE DRAMA: SHAKESPEARE, MIDDLETON, MARLOWE By ANDREW GRIFFIN, M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University ©Copyright by Andrew Griffin, July 2008 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2008) McMaster University (English) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Untimely Deaths in Renaissance Drama: Shakespeare, Middleton, Marlowe AUTHOR: Andrew Griffin, M.A. (McMaster University), B.A. (Queen's University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Helen Ostovich NUMBER OF PAGES: vi+ 242 ii Abstract In this dissertation, I read several early modem plays - Shakespeare's Richard II, Middleton's A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, and Marlowe's Dido, Queene ofCarthage ­ alongside a variety of early modem historiographical works. I pair drama and historiography in order to negotiate the question of early modem untimely deaths. Rather than determining once and for all what it meant to die an untimely death in early modem England, I argue here that one answer to this question requires an understanding of the imagined relationship between individuals and the broader unfolding of history by which they were imagined to be shaped, which they were imagined to shape, or from which they imagined to be alienated. I assume here that drama-particularly historically-minded drama - is an ideal object to consider when approaching such vexed questions, and I also assume that the problematic of untimely deaths provides a framework in which to ask about the historico-culturally specific relationships that were imagined to obtain between subjects and history. While it is critically commonplace to assert that early modem drama often stages the so-called "modem" subject, I argue here that early modem visions of the subject are often closely linked to visions of that subject's place in the world, particularly in the world that is recorded by historiographers as a world within and of history.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Elizabethan England, 1558-88 REVISION SHEET Key Topic 1
    Early Elizabethan England, 1558-88 REVISION SHEET Key topic 1: Queen, government and religion, 1558-69 Society Government Hierarchy in countryside Hierarchy in towns Court – Noblemen who advised 1. Nobility 1. Merchants the queen 2. Gentry 2. Professionals Parliament – Houses of Lords 3. Yeomen 3. Business owners and Commons. Advised 4. Tenant farmers 4. Skilled craftsmen Elizabeth’s government 5. Landless and working poor 5. Unskilled workers Privy Council – Nobles who 6. Homeless and beggars 6. Unemployed helped govern the country Elizabeth’s problems when she became queen in 1558: She was young and inexperienced. She was Protestant so not supported by English Catholics. Many people (especially Catholics) thought she was illegitimate and had no right to the throne. She was unmarried. Financial weaknesses – The Crown (government) was £300,000 in debt. Mary I had sold off Crown lands (making it hard for Elizabeth to raise money) and borrowed from foreign countries (who charged high interest rates). Challenges from abroad – France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries and believed Mary, Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the throne of England than Elizabeth. France and Scotland were old allies. Elizabeth’s character – She was very well educated, confident and charismatic. She believed in her divine right to rule. She had an excellent understanding of politics. She was strong willed and stubborn. Religious Divisions in 1558 Catholic Protestant Puritan Pope is head of the church No pope Very strict Protestants Priests can forgive sins Only God can forgive sins (shared many beliefs but Bread and wine become the body and Bread and wine represent the body and more extreme, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Troubles at Home and Abroad
    Troubles at home and abroad Key terms: Elizabeth’s posion was always very vulnerable and her instability was Why was Elizabeth’s excommunicaon a CALVINIST ‐ Protestants who followed the closely ed up with religious disagreements. For some, Elizabeth was an turning point? teachings of John Calvin illegimate HERETIC who had no right to be Queen of England. She man‐ Elizabeth was declared a herec. The bull aged to antagonise both Catholics and Protestants at home. Meanwhile, CHAPLAIN—a clergyman aached to the released Elizabeth’s subjects from allegiance dangerous plots constantly revolved around her Catholic cousin, Mary, private chapel of a prominent person to her—they no longer obeyed her. It en‐ Queen of Scots. Eventually, the momentous decision was taken to have couraged Catholic states, such as France and EPISCOPAL—a Church hierarchy struc‐ Mary executed. In 1588, in the aermath of Mary’s dramac death, the Spain to believe they could wage a holy war tured around bishops. Spanish launched their famous Armada, which threatened to destroy Eliza‐ on England. It encouraged further plots HERETIC—a person who did not follow the beth and England forever. Elizabeth’s posion as Queen was therefore against Elizabeth, centred around Mary official religion of the country. always fragile. Queen of Scots. It also led to more severe HUGUENOT—A French Protestant. They treatment of English Catholics. suffered severe persecuon and many fled Why was Mary Queen of Scots arrival in to England. Key individuals: England so important? JESUIT—Roman Catholic missionary Mary, Queen of Scots –Henry VIIs great– granddaughter, Elizabeth’s It led to the following plots: priests second cousin, Catholic and with a strong claim to the throne.
    [Show full text]
  • William Herle and the English Secret Service
    William Herle and the English Secret Service Michael Patrick Gill A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Victoria University of Wellington 2010 ii Table of Contents Abstract iii Abbreviations iv Transcription Policy and Note on Dates v Acknowledgements vi Introduction 1 Chapter I: Herle‘s Early Life 12 Chapter II: The Ridolfi Plot 40 Chapter III: Contrasts in Patronage 65 Chapter IV: Herle in the Netherlands 97 Chapter V: the End of Herle‘s Career 112 Conclusion 139 Bibliography 145 iii Abstract This thesis examines William Herle‘s life through his surviving letters to William Cecil, Lord Burghley, and other Elizabethan Privy Councillors. It emphasises the centrality of the Elizabethan patronage system to Herle‘s life, describing how his ties to Cecil helped Herle escape prison, avoid his creditors, and gain recompense for his service to Elizabeth. In exchange for Cecil‘s protection, Herle became deeply involved in Elizabethan intelligence networks, both domestic and foreign, throughout the 1570s and 1580s. Herle helped uncover plots against Elizabeth, passed vital information about events in the Spanish Netherlands back to England, and provided analyses of English foreign policy for his superiors. Despite his vital role, Herle never experienced true success, and died deeply in debt and abandoned by his patrons. Herle‘s life allows us wider insights into Elizabethan government and society. His experiences emphasises the inefficient nature of the Tudor foreign service, which utilised untrained diplomats who gained their position through political connections and were left to pay their own way through taking out loans they had little hope of repaying.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Plots Early Life 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600
    Elizabethan England: Part 1 – Elizabeth’s Court and Parliament Family History Who had power in Elizabethan England? Elizabeth’s Court Marriage The Virgin Queen Why did Parliament pressure Elizabeth to marry? Reasons Elizabeth chose Group Responsibilities No. of people: not to marry: Parliament Groups of people in the Royal What did Elizabeth do in response by 1566? Who was Elizabeth’s father and Court: mother? What happened to Peter Wentworth? Council Privy What happened to Elizabeth’s William Cecil mother? Key details: Elizabeth’s Suitors Lieutenants Robert Dudley Francis Duke of Anjou King Philip II of Spain Who was Elizabeth’s brother? Lord (Earl of Leicester) Name: Key details: Key details: Key details: Religion: Francis Walsingham: Key details: Who was Elizabeth’s sister? Justices of Name: Peace Nickname: Religion: Early Life 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 Childhood 1569 1571 1583 1601 Preparation for life in the Royal The Northern Rebellion The Ridolfi Plot The Throckmorton Plot Essex’s Rebellion Court: Key conspirators: Key conspirators: Key conspirators: Key people: Date of coronation: The plan: The plan: The plan: What happened? Age: Key issues faced by Elizabeth: Key events: Key events: Key events: What did Elizabeth show in her response to Essex? The Catholic Plots Elizabethan England: Part 2 – Life in Elizabethan Times Elizabethan Society God The Elizabethan Theatre The Age of Discovery Key people and groups: New Companies: New Technology: What was the ‘Great Chain of Being’? Key details: Explorers and Privateers Francis Drake John Hawkins Walter Raleigh Peasants Position Income Details Nobility Reasons for opposition to the theatre: Gentry 1577‐1580 1585 1596 1599 Drake Raleigh colonises ‘Virginia’ in Raleigh attacks The Globe Circumnavigation North America.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England 1558-88
    Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England 1558-88 Number of I need to … Prove it! Marks Write 4 paragraphs. Use the examples given in the bullet points and an example from your own knowledge. Always Q1 The threat of invasion was Elizabeth’s main problem when she became queen explain how each example you write about agrees or disagrees with the statement in the question. End with a in 1558.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. You must use the conclusion. following in your answer 20 40%- First paragraph. Describe how the example in the first bullet point agrees/disagrees with the France and Spain (16 for Q statement. Explain how the example proves the statement is correct/incorrect The legitimacy of Elizabeth’s succession You must also use information of your own. [16 marks] + 4 for On the one hand, I agree with the statement that the threat of invasion was Elizabeth’s main threat SPaG) when she became queen in 1558. For example there was the threat of invasion from France and Spain More Q2.The threat from the Northern Earls 1569, was the most problematic revolt specifically, Mary Queen of Scots was married to the French King and there were French soldiers in Scotland who Elizabeth faced 1569-86.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer. might invade. +Another example was that King Philip of Spain had promised to protect all Europe’s Catholics if You may use the following in your answer: • Babington Elizabeth made England protestant he might invade. This was a threat because France and Spain were both • Ridolfi very powerful countries and an invasion could result I Elizabeth being overthrown and even killed.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Elizabethan England Revision Booklet NAME:______
    Early Elizabethan England Revision Booklet NAME:____________ Contents Tick when complete Topic 1 • How did Elizabeth’s Early Life affect her later decisions? p 2-3 What were the • What were the threats to Elizabeth’s succession? P 3-5 early threats to • How did Elizabeth govern? P6 Elizabeth’s reign? • What was the Religious Settlement? 7-10 • How serious was the Puritan Challenge? P 11-12 • Why was Mary Queen of Scots a Threat 1858-1868? p 12-13 • Knowledge and Exam Question Checklist p 14 Topic 2 • What were the causes of the Revolt of the Northern Earls p15-16 What were the Catholic • Which Plot was the greatest threat to Elizabeth? P 17-19 Plots that threatened • Why was Mary Queen of Scots executed in 1587? P20-21 Elizabeth? Why did England go to War with • Why did England go to war with Spain in 1585? p22-24 Spain in 1585? Why was • Why was the Spanish Armada defeated in 1588? p24-26 the Armada defeated in • Knowledge and Exam Question Checklist p 27 1588? Topic 3 • Why did poverty increase in Elizabethan England? p28-29 Elizabethan Society in • Why were Elizabethans so scared of Vagabonds? p30-33 the Age of exploration • Why did Drake and Raleigh go on voyages around the world and what did they discover? p33-36 • Why did the Virginia colonies fail? p37-40 • Was there a Golden Age for all Elizabethans? P41-43 • Knowledge and Exam Question Checklist p 44 Quizzes • Topic 1 p 45-46 • Topic 2 p 47-48 • Topic 3 p 49-50 Learning Ladder • 16 mark p 51 • 12 mark p 52 • 4 mark p 53 1 Topic 1 pages 2-14 How did Elizabeth’s Early Life affect her later decisions? 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Elizabethan England 1558-88. (Paper 2) Model Answer Work Booklet
    Elizabethan England 1558‐88. (Paper 2) Model Answer work booklet. 1 Question 5a Describe two features of ‐‐‐‐ (4 marks) 5 minutes? Model Answers Example 1... Describe two key features of the plots against Elizabeth from 1571 to 1587. (4 marks) One feature of the Throckmorton plot of 1583 was that it planned for the French Duke of Guise, Mary Queen of Scots’ cousin to invade England. This would lead to the overthrow of Elizabeth and the restoration of the Catholic Church as England’s official religion. Another feature of the Babington Plot of 1586 was that English Catholics would rise up and rebel against Elizabeth. With support from the Pope they would kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots who many Catholics saw as a more legitimate monarch. There are clearly two very specific features Each of the features are further developed or identified. explained briefly. Example 2... Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots’ threat to Elizabeth I. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth I. Some Catholics especially thought that Elizabeth was illegitimate and should not be Queen of England whereas Mary was a real Queen. There were several Roman Catholic plots to put Mary Queen of Scots on the throne. The Ridolfi plot of 1571 was a real threat to Elizabeth and Catholics tried to use Mary Queen of Scots as a possible replacement to Elizabeth; which made the plots a real threat to her. There are clearly two very specific features Each of the features are further developed or identified.
    [Show full text]
  • What Was the Threat to Elizabeth I? Elizabeth I’S Life Was Constantly in Danger
    What Was the Threat to Elizabeth I? Elizabeth I’s life was constantly in danger. Without an heir, the throne could easily be snatched by an assassin’s knife and taken by Elizabeth’s Catholic cousin Mary Queen of Scots. There were hundreds of attempts and plots on Elizabeth’s life, below are just some of them. Can you determine the key characteristics of these threats and if there are any common themes? Somerville John Somerville was a Catholic from Warwickshire. He had been stirred up Barge Incident by anti-Elizabeth propaganda created and distributed by a growing Jesuit Elizabeth was nearly assassinated whilst travelling on a barge on the river (Catholic) presence in the country. Thames in London in 1571. Somerville wanted to “see her head on a pole, for she was a serpent and a One of her guards was shot with the arrow and she promised him he would viper” and boasted of his intent publicly. want for nothing as he had saved her life. Somerville was tracked down, arrested and sentenced to death in 1583. Northern Uprising Ridolfi Plot This was an unsuccessful uprising in 1569 of many Catholic Lords from the Roberto Ridolfi was a Florentine banker and an agent of the Pope’s. He acted as North of England to rise up against Queen Elizabeth with Mary Queen of Scots. a go-between for Spain and the Duke of Norfolk. The Duke of Norfolk aimed to marry Mary Queen of Scots, assassinate Queen Elizabeth and put Mary on the The uprising was quashed by Elizabeth’s many troops, but some leaders escaped throne as Catholic Queen.
    [Show full text]
  • How Did Relations with Spain Lead to War in 1588? What Were Key Issues That Impacted Elizabeth’S Foreign Policy Aims?
    How did relations with Spain lead to war in 1588? What were key issues that impacted Elizabeth’s foreign policy aims? • England was smaller and poorer than Spain & France • There were tensions between Protestants and Catholics at home meaning she had to be careful what she did abroad Reasons for relations to break down between Elizabeth and Philip 1. Commercial Rivalry English merchants began exploring the new world looking for new trading opportunities Spain controlled The Netherlands (Antwerp) and much of the New World To trade in the New World, you needed a licence from Spain. Most English merchants traded without a licence, even attacking Spanish ports and ships 2. Drake 3. Indirect intervention in the Netherlands Following the Spanish Inquisition, they were putting Elizabeth under immense pressure to help the Protestant Dutch rebels. Will she or wont she…. Robert Dudley William Cecil Earl of Leicester Chief Advisor Write these 4 concerns of Elizabeth in rank order of most concerning to least Elizabeth was very reluctant to help the Dutch Protestants in case it started a war with Spain. Instead she hoped to apply some pressure on Spain to allow the Dutch to govern themselves without Spanish interference as had been agreed back in 1548. • Elizabeth allowed Spanish shipping and colonies to come under attack from English privateers, this might drag away troops and resources from the Netherlands • Pursuing friendly relations with France – She offered a promise to marry the Duke of Anjou of France, the French heir • Encourage others (Anjou) to fight the Spanish in the Netherlands giving him £70,000 • Funding (secretly) John Casimir to attack with 6000 troops – she said he ‘volunteered’ Were Elizabeth’s actions so far acceptable? Clever? … 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England, 1558-1588
    Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England, 1558-1588 Name: ___________________ Every week, you MUST bring this booklet to your lessons. 1 CONTENTS Topic area Knowledge Organiser Topic Overview P. 3 Key words P. 4-6 Elizabethan England Context P. 7-8 Problems faced by Elizabeth as Queen P. 9 Elizabethan Society and Government P. 10-11 The Religious Settlement, 1559 P. 12 Challenges to the Settlement P. 13-14 Mary, Queen of Scots P. 15 Catholic Plots P. 16 Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots P. 17 Foreign Policy and Relations with Spain P. 18 The Netherlands P. 19 Spanish Armada: Causes P. 20 Spanish Armada: Events P. 21 Early Elizabethan England Elizabethan Early Spanish Armada: Consequences P. 22 Education P. 23 Sports and Pastimes P. 24 Poverty P. 25 Exploration P. 26 Virginia P. 27 2 Topic Overview Queen, government and religion, 1558-69 The situation on Elizabeth’s accession: • Elizabethan England in 1558: society and government • The Virgin Queen: the problem of her legitimacy, gender, marriage. Her character and strengths. • Challenges at home and from abroad: the French threat, financial weaknesses. The “settlement” of religion: • Religious divisions in England in 1558. • Elizabeth’s religious settlement (1559): its features and impact. • The Church of England: its role in society. Challenge to the religious settlement: • The Puritan challenge: nature and extent • The Catholic challenge: the role of the nobility, Papacy and foreign powers. The problem of Mary, Queen of Scots: • Mary, Queen of Scots: her claim to the English throne and her arrival in England in 1568. • Relations between Elizabeth and Mary, 1568-69.
    [Show full text]