Year 10 History Ark Globe Academy
Remote Learning Pack Phase IV
Monday 8 June – Friday 19 June
Year 10 History
Session Title Work to be Resource Outcome On-Line completed provided Support
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Session 1 – quiz about Northern Rebellion 1. Which nobleman first began to organise a rebellion against Elizabeth? 2. Name one of his motives 3. Which of Elizabeth s courtiers, who was very close to her, was also involved? 4. Which two earls led the Northern Rebellion? 5. Name one place the rebels captured 6. Who were the rebels expecting to receive help from? 7. Why did the help not arrive? 8. How many rebels were executed following its failure 9. What happened to Norfolk? 10. How was Elizabeth s power in the North strengthened?
In 1570 Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth I. This is the worst punishment the Catholic church could issue. It means that Elizabeth and all her population re condemned to hell. It also means that all her Catholic population now owe their loyalty to the Catholic church and can now revolt against her without fear of condemnation. This means that the risk of rebellion is now much higher, as her Catholic subjects could rise up and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots – who many Catholics saw as the legitimate queen – and also invited foreign Catholic powers, such as Spain and France, could also get involved to help bring England back to he Catholic Church. She is now in great danger.
Ho did Eli abeth s treatment of Catholics change?
Pope Pius V hoped the excommunication would stir What did Pope Pius V hope the excommunication up rebellions and he had originally planned that it would do? would coincide with (happen at the same time as) the Northern Rebellion of 1569 but it was issued late. The Northern Rebellion occurred in 1569, after Why did the Northern Rebellion of 1569 take place? Elizabeth refused to allow the Duke of Norfolk to marry Mary, Queen of Scots, who was a Catholic. Two northern Catholic nobles were inspired to lead a
rebellion against Elizabeth, aiming to replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1571, an Italian called Ridolfi, along with the Duke What did the Ridolfi Plot aim to do? of Norfolk, planned a rebellion to coincide with an invasion from the Netherlands. Elizabeth would be murdered and be replaced with Mary, Queen of Scots, who would then marry Norfolk. The plot was exposed before it could be carried out and Norfolk was executed in 1572. Through plots such as these, Elizabeth realised that What were the consequences of plots against she could not rely on her Catholic subjects to remain Elizabeth? loyal. Instead, new laws were introduced to try and disrupt Catholic activities and show that challenges to the queen s rule would not be tolerated. In 1581, a law was passed that made attending a What laws did Elizabeth introduce in 1581? Catholic mass treason and greater fines were introduced for those who refused to go to Protestant church services. These rose to around £20, which was a lot of money, even for more wealthy people. Sir Francis Throckmorton led a plot in 1583, also What was the Throckmorton plot of 1583? planning to replace Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots. This would be followed by an invasion by the French Catholic, Henry, Duke of Guise, and an uprising of English Catholics. When this plot was discovered, Throckmorton was executed and Mary, Queen of Scots was placed under an even closer guard. In 1585, Elizabeth passed another act, which made it What law did Elizabeth pass in 1585? treason to have a Catholic priest in your home. Priests were executed, and noble Catholic families faced the loss of their lands and wealth if their loyalty to the queen was in doubt. The Babington Plot of 1586 was another attempt to How did Elizabeth respond to the Babington Plot? murder Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Mary was tried and executed when it was discovered that she had known about and agreed with the plot all along. Catholics across Europe were outraged by Elizabeth s execution of Mary, Queen of Scots and Elizabeth s execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, triggered Spain to launch the Spanish Armada. This was a huge fleet of 130 armed ships that intended to sail to England and throw Elizabeth off the throne. In 1593, Elizabeth passed a law that said Catholics What restriction was placed on Catholics in 1593? could not travel more than five miles from their home.
Independently: Summarise beliefs, policies and events that involved Catholics in Elizabethan England.
Session 2: Write an account of ho Eli abeth s approach to Catholics changed. [8 marks]
An account question is basically a description of how events progress + an explanation of why those changes occurred + detailed knowledge = 8/8.
To be successful you complete two paragraphs. Here is some help for your first paragraph, with sentence starters to help you plan your first paragraph. (What was Elizabeth s initial approach to Catholics?) ‘At the start of her reign, Elizabeth s approach to Catholics was… (Why was this her approach? ) ‘She treated Catholics in this way because… (What caused this initial approach to change? ) ‘However, a number of events caused her approach to change. For example, (What were the consequences of this change? ) ‘The results of this change in approach was that…
To help you further here is a vocabulary bank:
Patriarchy
Illegitimate
Relinquish
Excommunication Heretic
Session 3 How did Elizabeth I deal with the threat posed by her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots? The picture above shows an event in 1587. What s happening in the picture?
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots
The French King s death in 1560 was a turning point in Why did Mary have to flee Scotland? Mary s life. The Catholic Queen returned to Scotland to find the Protestant faith had become more and more popular. Mary became increasingly unpopular and after it was suggested that she had been involved in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley, she was forced to flee to England in 1568. She was now at Elizabeth s mercy. Many English Protestants reacted to Mary s arrival with What happened when Mary arrived in shock and fear. They saw a potential Catholic queen and a England? possible return to the horrors of Mary I s reign. Parliament saw Mary as a threat to the security of the Protestant country and in 1572 MPs said the Elizabeth should execute Mary. A number of Elizabeth s advisors in the Privy Council also asked for Mary s execution, but Elizabeth hesitated, executing Mary might set a dangerous precedent. Instead Mary was moved around the country for 19 years, albeit in relative luxury. Despite being the centre of several plots over the 19 years What was Mary s involvement in most of the she was in England, there is little evidence to suggest that plots that took place against Elizabeth? she was directly involved in many of them. She was however the inspiration to Catholic plotters and rebels who saw her as a replacement queen once Elizabeth was killed.
The Duke of Norfolk s Northern Rebellion is a clear example of this. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and Throckmorton Plot of 1583 also involved putting Mary on the throne.
However, in 1586 a final plot emerged to place Mary on the How did Mary become implicated in a plot to throne. A rich young Catholic called Anthony Babington kill Elizabeth came up with a plan to kill Elizabeth. He and five other men would kill her, rescue Mary and place her on the throne, however before this happened Babington needed to know if Mary supported his plan. Babington managed to get Mary s servants to hide coded letters in beer barrels that were taken to her room. Mary responded that she agreed to the plan. However, the servants didn t work for Mary at all, they were working for Elizabeth s chief spy – Francis Walsingham, who took Mary s response straight to the Queen. When the code was broken, the message was clear: Mary What would be Mary s fate? was supporting a plot to kill the Queen of England. A group representing Parliament met with Elizabeth and called for Mary s arrest. Elizabeth had little choice in the face of so much evidence. Mary, Queen of Scots, was about to go on trial for her life. In October 1586 Mary was put on trial before a court of 36 Why could Mary feel that the case against her noblemen including Sir Francis Walsingham, the man who was not fair? had found the evidence against her, and Sir William Cecil. Mary argued her case, criticising the fact that she had not been allowed to look at the evidence against her and said that as a foreign queen, not an Englishwoman, she could not be found guilty of treason. Her arguments had little impact and she was sentenced to death on 25th October. Despite this, Elizabeth hesitated, she was reluctant to have Why did Elizabeth hesitate to sign the death her cousin executed believing that there might be terrible warrant? consequences. Elizabeth was worried that Mary s son James VI of Scotland or the Catholic Spanish might seek revenge. Eventually and with the persuasion of William Cecil she signed the death warrant on 1st February Mary was executed at Fotheringhay Castle on the 8 How did Elizabeth react to Mary s death? February. The execution was not held in public but was witnessed by the Earls of Shrewsbury and Kent. Elizabeth was angry about the execution and imprisoned the privy councillor who delivered the death warrant as well as dismissing William Cecil, who she blamed for killing her cousin, from court. Mary s execution solved a big problem for Protestants in What problems did Mary s execution solve? England and those in Parliament who were worried about the succession. If Elizabeth died there was no obvious Catholic successor for Catholics to support, the throne would instead pass to the Protestant King James VI of Scotland. However, in death Mary remained a threat, she became a What problems were created? martyr for the Catholic cause. Secondly in killing a Queen, she had given a dangerous idea to some of her less loyal subjects. Thirdly, the execution of Mary angered Catholics abroad.
Session 4
‘Elizabeth kept Mary, Queen of Scots, alive primarily because there was not enough evidence to link her to the plots until 1586. How far do you agree?
In each of your 2-3 paragraphs include: First sentence gives a point of agreement OR/disagreement Detailed evidence to support your point Explanation of why this led to Elizabeth keeping Mary alive Give a conclusion
Session 5 Ho did foreign countries respond to Eli abeth s religious changes? The picture below shows an event in Europe in the 1570s. What can you see happening in the picture? (At least 3 bullet points)
The picture above shows the St Bartholomew s Day massacre in 1572 where “blood flowed liked a river on the streets of Paris” as protestants were massacred by the Catholic regime in Paris, France.
th In the mid-16 century the Reformation (movement away from the Catholic Church) had begun but soon after the Counter Reformation emerged. This left Europe divided by religion.
th Europe in the late 16 century. Purple: protestant Blue: Catholic Red: Orthodox Christian Green: Muslim
Reading: Reaction from Abroad
As we read the information about the reaction to Elizabeth s policy from abroad, get ready to Stop and Jot the answers to the questions.
How did Catholics from abroad try and influence religion in England?
It was not just in England that Elizabeth faced opposition from Which countries were likely to present a Catholics. Both France and Spain were Catholic countries that challenge to Elizabeth? could present a challenge to Elizabeth s authority. They saw her as a problem and many within them saw her Protestant rule as something that should be challenged. In 1568, an English Catholic cardinal (second highest position in What did the college at Douai aim to do? the Catholic Church) called William Allen established a seminary (religious training college) at Douai in the Spanish Netherlands, in order to train priests. Allen was supported by the Pope and planned to send Catholic priests to England as missionaries to convert the English back to Catholicism. The first priests arrived in England in 1574, just as Elizabeth s fear of Catholic Rebellion was growing. The Society of Jesus was first created in 1540 in Spain as part of What did the Jesuits aim to do? the Counter-Reformation, which aimed to bring people back to the Catholic faith. Its members, the Jesuits, were sent out as missionaries to non-Catholic countries to bring them back to Catholicism. Some Catholics from England went to join the Jesuits Why was Edmund Campion important? abroad. Edmund Campion had left England and joined the Jesuits. He was chosen to lead the mission to England and arrived in 1580.He was England s first and most famous English Jesuit priest. He travelled to Lancashire (in the North of England) where Catholicism was strongest. He later moved to London and travelled around secretly holding Church services in the homes of important Catholic families. Elizabeth saw the Jesuit priests as a threat and those who were How did Elizabeth respond to Jesuit caught were treated harshly. The 1585 Act against Jesuits and priests? Seminary Priests called for all Jesuits to be driven out of England and many were executed. Anyone caught sheltering a Jesuit could also be arrested. The homes of important Catholic families would often have priest-holes –concealed rooms and spaces where priests could hide. Campion became a wanted man. Within a year of arriving in England, Walsingham s spy network What happened to Campion? had caught Campion. He was taken to the Tower of London but offered his freedom if he converted to Protestantism. Campion refused. He was accused of treason and plotting against Elizabeth but denied this, even when tortured on the rack. Campion was dragged through the streets of London before being hanged, drawn and quartered. The kings of France and Spain also began to support challenges to What convinced King Philip II of Spain Elizabeth s rule. Initially, it was hoped that Elizabeth would agree to turn against Elizabeth? to marry a Catholic prince, or perhaps Philip II, King of Spain. However, when it became clear that this would not happen, tensions between the countries grew. Philip was not in a position to launch a full-scale attack but found What did Philip II do to undermine (try other ways to undermine Elizabeth, following her to bring down) Elizabeth? excommunication. One way he did this was by supporting Jesuit missionaries (who also gained support from France) and giving
financial support to those who wanted to overthrow the queen, for example the Ridolfi Plot and the Throckmorton Plot. Philip also helped set up the seminary at Douai, an area that was What else did Philip II do? always a source of conflict between Spain and England.
Elizabeth always showed strength and determination when What were the most significant blows to dealing with such challenges from powerful Catholic countries, those who hoped to remove Elizabeth but these challenges never went away. Nevertheless, the death of from power? Mary, Queen of Scots and the failure of the Spanish Armada represented significant blows to the Spanish and papal hopes of removing Elizabeth from power.
Stretch: How much of a threat did Catholics abroad pose?
How successfully did Elizabeth deal with the threats posed from Catholics abroad? (Write at least 3 bullet points)
Session 6: What did Esse s Rebellion re eal about Eli abeth s power?
Elizabeth had a variety of people in her Privy Council:
Ten of the nineteen members had been part of Mary Tudor s Privy Council; by appointing them, Elizabeth was keeping the support of powerful people. She gave powerful people positions to keep their support and avoid rebellion. Several councillors were committed Puritans, including Robert Dudley and Francis Walsingham. She appointed rivals so that they would compete and stay loyal to her. MPs were also made members of the Privy Council so that Elizabeth could influence Parliament e.g. Sir Christopher Hatton.
In your own words, explain how Elizabeth used the Privy Council to increase her power.
The most important thing Elizabeth needed was LOYALTY. She thought appointing rivals would increase their loyalty towards her, as they would be competing with each other
Summarise:
Are there an disad antages to the di ide and rule approach adopted b Elizabeth?
Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex joined the Privy Council in 1593. He hated the Cecils-key members of the Privy Council.
Jealousy and ambition led him to rebel against Elizabeth in 1601.
Or was it something else?
Esse s Rebellion-Was it caused by jealousy and ambition?
The Earl of Essex was a good-looking young courtier who had Was jealousy and ambition to blame for caught Elizabeth eye. However, he was disrespectful to the tension in the Privy Council? Elizabeth on a number of occasions. He married Walsingham s daughter without Elizabeth s permission and when Elizabeth refused to promote one of his supporters he insulted the Queen, shouting ‘her conditions are as crooked as her carcass! Elizabeth punched Essex in retaliation and banished him from Court.
For much of her reign, Elizabeth had been surrounded by a Was jealousy and ambition to blame for group of trusted advisers- William Cecil, Francis Walsingham, the tension in the Privy Council? Robert Dudley and Christopher Hatton. Although there was rivalry between Cecil and Dudley, they never let their rivalry get in the way of serving Elizabeth. However, in 1588 Robert Dudley died and in 1598 William Cecil died. Elizabeth s ‘old guard had gone and a new generation of ambitious politicians replaced them. These new politicians included Dudley s step-son, the Earl of Essex and William Cecil s son, Robert. They hated each other, and the Earl of Essex believed Robert Cecil had too much power, especially because he was Secretary of State towards the end of his career. Essex saw William and his son Robert as an obstacle to his own rise. Elizabeth s strategy of encouraging rivalry between members of the Privy Council had worked well in the past but with a new generation it was threatening to cause unrest Elizabeth gave the Earl of Essex another chance to prove his Was jealousy and ambition the trigger for loyalty when in 1598 she asked him to defeat a rebellion in Essex s decision to seize power?
Ireland being led by the Earl of Tyrone. Instead of defeating the rebellion, Essex made peace with Tyrone. This was against Elizabeth s orders. While Essex was away fighting, Elizabeth promoted Robert Cecil. Essex returned to Court and burst into the Queen s bedchamber before she was wigged and gowned. This was the final straw for Elizabeth. She banned him from Court and placed him under house arrest. The Earl of Essex lost all his jobs and when his monopoly (ownership) of the sweet wine trade ran out in 1600, Elizabeth did not renew it. Essex was desperate. He also had a massive debt of £15 000. He decided to seize power. Incensed by his fall from power, in early 1601, Essex gathered What did the rebellion show about around 300 supporters made up of unemployed soldiers and Elizabeth s power and the system of courtiers wanting a better job. Hearing rumours of treason and patronage upon which she had relied? rebellion, four Privy Councillors were sent to Essex s house to question him. Essex locked them up and marched with his men to the centre of London, with the aim of capturing the Queen. After Elizabeth offered his supporters a pardon most of them deserted him. When Essex tried to return home, his route was blocked. The rebellion lasted twelve hours. Essex was accused of being a traitor and executed at the Tower of London in February 1601. This was a major fall from grace for one of Elizabeth s former favourites but also a sign of Elizabeth s fading power.
Summarise: What did the Earl of Esse s rebellion sho about Eli abeth s po er and the way power operated in Elizabethan England?