Troubles at home and abroad

Key terms: Elizabeth’s posion was always very vulnerable and her instability was Why was Elizabeth’s excommunicaon a CALVINIST ‐ Protestants who followed the closely ed up with religious disagreements. For some, Elizabeth was an turning point? teachings of John Calvin illegimate HERETIC who had no right to be Queen of England. She man‐ Elizabeth was declared a herec. The bull aged to antagonise both Catholics and Protestants at home. Meanwhile, CHAPLAIN—a clergyman aached to the released Elizabeth’s subjects from allegiance dangerous plots constantly revolved around her Catholic cousin, Mary, private chapel of a prominent person to her—they no longer obeyed her. It en‐ Queen of Scots. Eventually, the momentous decision was taken to have couraged Catholic states, such as France and EPISCOPAL—a Church hierarchy struc‐ Mary executed. In 1588, in the aermath of Mary’s dramac death, the Spain to believe they could wage a holy war tured around bishops. Spanish launched their famous Armada, which threatened to destroy Eliza‐ on England. It encouraged further plots HERETIC—a person who did not follow the beth and England forever. Elizabeth’s posion as Queen was therefore against Elizabeth, centred around Mary official religion of the country. always fragile. Queen of Scots. It also led to more severe HUGUENOT—A French Protestant. They treatment of English Catholics. suffered severe persecuon and many fled Why was Mary Queen of Scots arrival in to England. Key individuals: England so important? JESUIT—Roman Catholic missionary Mary, Queen of Scots –Henry VIIs great– granddaughter, Elizabeth’s It led to the following plots: priests second cousin, Catholic and with a strong claim to the throne. Married 1569‐1570—The Northern Rebellion MASS—one of the 7 sacraments, re‐ to the French king and inherited the Scosh crown when she was 6 enacng the last supper. A key Catholic days old. The figurehead for Catholic plots and rebellions & held cap‐ 1571—The Ridolfi Plot ritual. ve for much of her life in English castles. Executed for treason in 1580‐1581—Campion’s Mission 1587. PROPHESYING—prayer meengs where 1583—The Throckmorton Plot the Bible was discussed and sermons said. Edmund Grindal—Archbishop of Canterbury 1575‐1583 who was re‐ 1586—The Babington Plot PAPAL BULL—a decree issued by the Pope. luctant to persecute Puritans. Government suspicion of Catholics intensi‐ John Whitgi—Archbishop of Canterbury 1583‐1604 who opposed PURITAN—extreme Protestant, favouring fied because no Catholic could be loyal to Puritans, especially those who spoke out against Elizabeth and her plain churches and simple services. Elizabeth if their religion demanded they religious selement of 1559. PURSUIVANTS—Government priest hunt‐ follow the pope. Catholic conspiracies were ers. Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk—the Queen’s cousin and Catholic dealt with severely because the threat to sympathiser. He planned to marry Mary and seize the throne from Elizabeth was so serious. Laws passed RECUSANT—someone who refused to go Elizabeth—involved in the Northern Rebellion and Ridolfi plot against Catholics became stricter. Catholics to church services. (executed for treason in 1572). became much more secreve; sheltering SACRAMENT—a sacred ritual. priests in priest holes and conducng wor‐ ship in secret. SEMINARY—a school for training priests.