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Political Rhetoric; Slogan Politics in Pakistan and Role of Parliament”

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Political Rhetoric; Slogan Politics in Pakistan and Role of Parliament” FWU Journal of Social Sciences, Winter 2017, Vol.11, No..2, 26-38 “Political Rhetoric; Slogan Politics in Pakistan and Role of Parliament” Muhammad Shafiq COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari Razia Sultana Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar Muhammad Munir Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) Pakistani politics is full of political rhetoric. Attractive slogans are used by leaders of political parties to inspire and set the mood of public about a particular issue. Even parliament is neglected by politicians. This political immaturity led the nation towards street politics and polarization in the society. Due to elements of intolerance in politics, leadership could not find consensus and viable solutions. The paper analyzes political rhetoric; slogan politics and role of parliament in Pakistan especially focusing on the first one year of Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz’s (PML-N) current government. In this context, political parties and their leaders’ popular statements particularly in print media containing rhetoric and slogans to resolve two important issues i.e. electoral reforms and energy crisis has been examined. Political parties’ initiatives in the form of calling attention notices, questions, resolutions, bills, motions and point of orders in the parliament have also been assessed followed by recommendations. The paper highlights that politicians generally use rhetoric and slogan politics instead of using parliament to satisfy the public on various issues. The paper recommends that political parties should enhance intellectual depth of party members and leaders so that they can effectively use the forum of parliament for resolving issues. Keywords: political rhetoric, slogans, parliament, electoral reforms, energy crisis Since its independence, Pakistan’s politics have been shuttling between democracy and dictatorship like a pendulum where political rhetoric and slogan politics are mostly used to inspire and win public support. Pakistan’s current politics mostly focus on various key issues namely panama leaks, electoral reforms, energy crisis and law and order situation in the country due to terrorism. Many other issues like corruption, unemployment, education, health, poverty, price hike and inflation etc. are, however, at low priority agenda of political parties at the moment. These issues are mostly highlighted by political leaders on streets through demonstrations and media coverage. In developed democracies, politicians mostly use parliament as a forum to discuss various political, security, social and economic issues in order to reach at solutions and frame legislations. Furthermore, in advanced states, parliament works to detached people from staging demonstrations in streets and helps them to send their representatives in the legislature (Waseem, 2016). However, it Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Muhammad Shafiq, Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan. Email: [email protected] Shafiq, Sultana, Munir 27 is observed that the institution of parliament in Pakistan remains underutilized keeping in view its capacity. In addition, politicians in Pakistan instead of using the platform of parliament mostly prefer to follow the policy of agitation, sit-in or dharna politics to highlight and resolve issues. Various political parties which have their reasonable participation in parliament still aspire to work as pressure groups to settle various issues out of the parliament on streets. The trend of agitation has introduced elements of intolerance and violence in the society which is further leading towards polarization of society. This trend is actually marginalizing the role of parliament and also weakening the democracy. Overall, this propensity also shows distrust of some politicians and public on the sacred institution of parliament. Above in view, there is a need to highlight the significance of parliament as a forum to resolve the issues instead of promoting the element of agitation through political rhetoric by issuing popular statements in public meetings and media. In this regard, it is essential to bring attitudinal change among the politicians towards parliament, build their capacity and ensure organizational and structural reforms in political parties to increase intellectual depth of party leaders and also take steps to strengthen local government system to groom politicians enough that when they reach at parliament they can perform with full capacity. Objectives The aim of this research article is to compare political rhetoric and slogan politics in Pakistan using streets and media with presentation of issues on the floor of the parliament followed by some viable policy recommendations. Method Significance and Scope The study is significant because it highlights the key issues in politics of Pakistan. The scope of this article is limited to review two burning issues i.e. electoral reforms and energy crisis as a case study which were debated during first one year proceedings of current parliament (14th National Assembly and Senate) and raised on streets and highlighted in both English and Urdu newspapers through popular statements by leaders of various political parties. Data for Analysis Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research are used to collected the data and for analysis purposes. Data is collected from the debates of 14th National Assembly and Senate from June 2013 to August 2014 and popular statements of political leaders appeared on front page of two English newspapers i.e. The News International, The Express Tribune and two Urdu dailies the Jang and Daily Express from May 1, to July, 31, 2014 (Three months). These four are leading national newspapers certified from Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC) and have wide reading spectrum and circulation. The time frame of the case study is selected on the basis of intense political agitation and polarization in Pakistan. Research Tools Data is analyzed by desk review of Pakistan’s leading 10 political parties’ position in raising issues of energy crisis and electoral reforms during debates of National Assembly and Senate by using following five tools / instruments which help devise policy making in the parliament: i. Calling Attention Notice ii. Resolution POLITICAL RHETORIC; SLOGAN POLITICS IN PAKISTAN 28 iii. Bill iv. Motion v. Point of Order Review of Pakistan’s leading 10 political parties’ position regarding popular statements delivered by their leadership through political rhetoric on issues of energy crisis and electoral reforms that appeared on front page of above mentioned 4 newspapers. Key Issues in Pakistani Politics During the campaign of 2013 general elections, leaders of various political parties made promises with masses in public meetings and media to solve energy crisis, electoral reforms, corruption, unemployment, issues related to law and order, education, health, price hike, inflation and poverty. General elections were held on May 11, 2013 and parliament came into existence (Elections 2013 Pakistan, 2016). The forum of parliament was available to the politicians to draw attentions of the house and executive towards various issues and ultimately resolve them. During first one and a half year two issues i.e. energy crisis and electoral reforms prominently emerged on political landscape where politicians instead of using the forum of parliament to resolve these issues started politics of agitation and demonstration. It is worth mentioning that from time to time issues of energy crisis and electoral reforms were highlighted in parliament and media and in late July 2014, a parliamentary committee had also been constituted to formulate electoral reforms. It introduced 22nd amendment on 17 May 2016 which was approved by the National Assembly hastily and without sufficient debate on this significant issue (Mehboob, Ahmed, & Bilal, 2016). As per this amendment a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a senior bureaucrat or a technocrat would be eligible for appointment as Chief Election Commissioner (Zain, & Ali, 2016). It took 3 years that on 19 July 2017, parliamentary committee adopted “Election Bill, 2017” for further submission to parliament. PTI members in the committee walked out from the meeting. They criticized the government that it did not accept PTI’s genuine demands that include introduction of bio-metric system, altering the standards of appointment of the caretaker administration, restructuring of the Election Commission of Pakistan, verification of voters in 2018 general elections and voting rights to overseas Pakistanis (Yasin, 2017). Even when National Assembly formally passed amended Election Bill 2017 on October 02, 2017, opposition again strongly protested the controversial clause 203 of the legislation. In their opinion it will provide a chance to the politicians who are already disqualified to hold public offices and lead political parties (Bilal & Muhammad, 2017). It is observed that the parliamentary committee on electoral reforms has taken a long time whereas it has to complete its work within 90 days as prescribed by the Rules of Business of the Parliamentary Committee on Electoral Reforms. The committee is late mainly because of its irregular meetings, lack of political will and little if any consultation with stakeholders (Iqbal, 2016). Energy is considered as a significant component for the socio-economic growth of any country in the world. In the absence
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