DOCSLIB.ORG

從語言學觀點分析台灣雜誌平面廣告的說服策略 a Linguistic Analysis Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
從語言學觀點分析台灣雜誌平面廣告的說服策略 a Linguistic Analysis Of 國立台灣師範大學英語學系 碩 士 論 文 Master Thesis Graduate Institute of English National Taiwan Normal University 從語言學觀點分析台灣雜誌平面廣告的說服策略 A Linguistic Analysis of Persuasive Strategies in Print Advertisements in Taiwan’s Magazines 指導教授：張妙霞博士 Advisor: Dr. Miao-Hsia Chang 研 究 生：邱怡婷 Student: Yi-Ting Lina Chiu 中 華 民 國 一百零一年 六 月 June, 2012 中文摘要 研究普遍認為廣告語言有著其他文體沒有的特殊結構及特性，其創意性和新 穎性一直是研究的主題之ㄧ。從大眾傳播的角度探討廣告語言的相關研究不勝枚 舉，然而從語言學角度切入探究廣告語言特性的研究卻相當有限，也甚少研究從 語言學的各個面向對廣告語言作全面性的分類及探討。 本研究分析台灣雜誌平面廣告中的說服策略，語料取自天下雜誌、遠見雜誌、 親子天下、漂亮家居和壹週刊的平面廣告。依據語言學的觀點，全面性地把說服 策略就音韻、構詞、搭配語、句法、語意、語用及其他策略，進一步分成次分類 進行討論。以使用單一策略的分析單位而言，研究結果顯示語用策略為最常見的 語言策略，以次分類而言，預設為最常使用的策略，其次為隱喻，再者為祈使句、 引用、轉碼和隱涵。這些策略皆有『訊息導向』的特質，其目的在於增加訊息感 官收入的可能性、使訊息傳遞更有效率、更直接，亦或使廣告標語更具體化、更 生動，進而引起消費者注意並激起其購買的慾望。 就這些策略的組合方式而言，「重複＋對稱」不但最常使用，也展現高度與其 它組合並用的可能性，而「押韻＋重複＋對稱」的出現次數也頗為頻繁。本研究 指出押韻、重複和對稱之所以易與其它策略結合，在於其皆具有『結構導向』的 特質。即使使用它們無法傳遞更多的訊息，但其帶來的韻律及節奏感，能美化廣 告標語、加強語氣，以增加消費者對廣告標語的記憶性。這樣的特質使它們傾向 和其它策略同時出現而非單獨使用。 關鍵詞：語言學、言談分析、廣告語言、說服策略 I ABSTRACT Ad language, which is regarded as a distinctive type of discourse, has long been a hot issue under investigation on the basis of its creativity and innovation. Although there are a considerable number of researches dealing with the features shown in ad language from the field of mass media, little attention has been paid to the persuasive strategies from a linguistic perspective. Moreover, there is hardly any study comprehensively incorporating all of the linguistic subfields in the analysis of ad discourse. This thesis aims to investigate the persuasive strategies exploited in print ads in Taiwan’s magazines. The data in the present study are collected from Global Views, Common Wealth, Education/ Parenting/ Family Lifestyle, My Home, and Next Magazine. All units of analysis are categorized into phonological, morphological, collocational, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and other strategies from a linguistic perspective. Among all of the single-strategic units, pragmatic strategy is the most commonly adopted compared with those from other categories. In terms of each type of sub-strategy, it is found that presupposition is the most ubiquitous strategy in ads since it is designed to transmit more information than consumers can be aware of within limited time and space. What follows presupposition is metaphor. Its easily-designed nature and concretizing function lead to its popularity. Reported speech and implicature are also frequently adopted based on their high efficiency in transmitting information. Imperatives are also favored due to their semantic transparency in encouraging consumers to buy the products. In addition, the popularity of code-switching cannot be neglected because of its function to increase the probability of sensory input. Based on these findings, it is concluded that strategies commonly observed in single-strategic units are all message-oriented strategies in that they can increase the salience of messages, transmit information with high efficacy, or make ads more concrete and thus II more reader-friendly. As far as the combinational patterns are concerned, it is observed that the pattern “repetition + parallelism” is not only the most common double-strategic combination but also displays the highest potential in integrating with other strategies. In addition, “rhyme + repetition + parallelism” is also very prevalent in triple-strategic tokens. We conclude that the structure-oriented nature of rhyme, repetition, parallelism results in their high frequency in multiple-strategic units. Their poverty in expressing new messages but high potential in beautifying the rhythm, strengthening the voice of utterances, adorning the structure of language, and increasing the memorability of ads give rise to their high tendency to actively collocate with other strategies instead of standing alone. Key words: linguistics, discourse analysis, ad language, persuasive strategies III TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION.........................................................................001 1.1 Motivation and goals........................................................................................ 001 1.2 Research questions........................................................................................... 001 1.3 Methodology..................................................................................................... 002 1.4 The organization of the thesis........................................................................... 007 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................008 2.1 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)……………………………………..…… 008 2.2 Persuasion……………………………………..……………………………... 009 2.3 Advertising as a distinct type of communication…...…………...…………... 012 2.4 Advertisement………………………………………………………………... 012 2.4.1 The difference between advertising and advertisement……….…….. 013 2.4.2 The structure of an advertisement………………………….………... 014 2.5 The language of advertisements……………………………………………... 019 2.5.1 Leech (1966)………………………………………………..………... 020 2.5.2 Dyer (1982)……………………………………...…………………... 022 2.5.3 Geis (1982)…………………………………………………………... 024 2.5.4 Lakoff (1982)…………………………………………….…………... 028 2.5.5 Vestergaard and Schrøder (1985)……………………………..……... 031 2.6 Summary…………………………………………...………………………... 035 CHAPTER THREE DATA ANALYSIS.....................................................................039 3.1 Units of analysis……………………………………………………………... 039 3.2 Single strategies………………….................................................................... 043 3.2.1 Phonological strategies…..................................................................... 044 3.2.1.1 Rhyme…................................................................................ 044 3.2.1.2 Homophone…....................................................................... 047 3.2.1.3 Homonym….......................................................................... 050 3.2.1.4 Similar sound…..................................................................... 051 3.2.1.5 Repetition of words, phrases, or sentences............................ 055 3.2.2 Morphological strategies….................................................................. 057 3.2.2.1 Newly-coined compounds or terms....................................... 058 3.2.2.2 Morphological reanalysis...................................................... 062 3.2.3 Novel-collocational strategies….......................................................... 064 3.2.3.1 Novel chunks......................................................................... 064 3.2.3.2 Collocational anomaly........................................................... 068 3.2.3.3 Change of grammatical role.................................................. 070 3.2.4 Syntactic strategies…........................................................................... 074 IV 3.2.4.1 Rhetorical question................................................................ 074 3.2.4.2 Imperatives............................................................................ 077 3.2.4.3 Parallelism............................................................................. 081 3.2.4.4 Topicalizaion......................................................................... 086 3.2.5 Semantic strategies............................................................................... 088 3.2.5.1 Metaphor…………............................................................... 088 3.2.5.2 Analogy.................................................................................. 096 3.2.5.3 Hyperbole.............................................................................. 098 3.2.5.4 Contrast.................................................................................. 100 3.2.5.5 Metonymy.............................................................................. 103 3.2.6 Pragmatic strategies.............................................................................. 105 3.2.6.1 Reported speech..................................................................... 105 3.2.6.2 Presupposition....................................................................... 109 3.2.6.3 Implicature............................................................................. 118 3.2.7 Other strategies..................................................................................... 122 3.2.7.1 Code-switching..................................................................... 123 3.2.7.2 Euphemism........................................................................... 127 3.2.8 Summary............................................................................................... 129 3.3 Double strategies.............................................................................................. 132 3.3.1 Phonological-phonological strategies................................................... 135 3.3.2 Phonological-syntactic strategies......................................................... 135 3.3.3 Phonological-other strategies............................................................... 138 3.3.4 Semantic-pragmatic strategies.............................................................. 139 3.3.5 Summary............................................................................................... 141 3.4 Triple strategies................................................................................................ 141 3.5 Quadruple strategies......................................................................................... 145 3.6 Multi-strategies................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pan-Sinitic Object Marking: Morphology and Syntax*
    Breaking Down the Barriers, 785-816 2013-1-050-037-000234-1 Pan-Sinitic Object Marking: * Morphology and Syntax Hilary Chappell (曹茜蕾) EHESS In Chinese languages, when a direct object occurs in a non-canonical position preceding the main verb, this SOV structure can be morphologically marked by a preposition whose source comes largely from verbs or deverbal prepositions. For example, markers such as kā 共 in Southern Min are ultimately derived from the verb ‘to accompany’, pau11 幫 in many Huizhou and Wu dialects is derived from the verb ‘to help’ and bǎ 把 from the verb ‘to hold’ in standard Mandarin and the Jin dialects. In general, these markers are used to highlight an explicit change of state affecting a referential object, located in this preverbal position. This analysis sets out to address the issue of diversity in such object-marking constructions in order to examine the question of whether areal patterns exist within Sinitic languages on the basis of the main lexical fields of the object markers, if not the construction types. The possibility of establishing four major linguistic zones in China is thus explored with respect to grammaticalization pathways. Key words: typology, grammaticalization, object marking, disposal constructions, linguistic zones 1. Background to the issue In the case of transitive verbs, it is uncontroversial to state that a common word order in Sinitic languages is for direct objects to follow the main verb without any overt morphological marking: * This is a “cross-straits” paper as earlier versions were presented in turn at both the Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, during the joint 14th Annual Conference of the International Association of Chinese Linguistics and 10th International Symposium on Chinese Languages and Linguistics, held in Taipei in May 25-29, 2006 and also at an invited seminar at the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing on 23rd October 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Contact in Nanning: Nanning Pinghua and Nanning Cantonese
    20140303 draft of : de Sousa, Hilário. 2015a. Language contact in Nanning: Nanning Pinghua and Nanning Cantonese. In Chappell, Hilary (ed.), Diversity in Sinitic languages, 157–189. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Do not quote or cite this draft. LANGUAGE CONTACT IN NANNING — FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF NANNING PINGHUA AND NANNING CANTONESE1 Hilário de Sousa Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, École des hautes études en sciences sociales — ERC SINOTYPE project 1 Various topics discussed in this paper formed the body of talks given at the following conferences: Syntax of the World’s Languages IV, Dynamique du Langage, CNRS & Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2010; Humanities of the Lesser-Known — New Directions in the Descriptions, Documentation, and Typology of Endangered Languages and Musics, Lunds Universitet, 2010; 第五屆漢語方言語法國際研討會 [The Fifth International Conference on the Grammar of Chinese Dialects], 上海大学 Shanghai University, 2010; Southeast Asian Linguistics Society Conference 21, Kasetsart University, 2011; and Workshop on Ecology, Population Movements, and Language Diversity, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2011. I would like to thank the conference organizers, and all who attended my talks and provided me with valuable comments. I would also like to thank all of my Nanning Pinghua informants, my main informant 梁世華 lɛŋ11 ɬi55wa11/ Liáng Shìhuá in particular, for teaching me their language(s). I have learnt a great deal from all the linguists that I met in Guangxi, 林亦 Lín Yì and 覃鳳餘 Qín Fèngyú of Guangxi University in particular. My colleagues have given me much comments and support; I would like to thank all of them, our director, Prof. Hilary Chappell, in particular. Errors are my own.
    [Show full text]
  • The Modal System in Hainan Min*
    Article Language and Linguistics The Modal System in Hainan Min* 15(6) 825–857 © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1606822X14544622 Hui-chi Lee lin.sagepub.com National Cheng Kung University This paper explores the idiosyncratic features of the modal system in Hainan Min (based on data collected through fieldwork). The lexical items are firstly presented in four categories of modal types, including epistemic, deontic, circumstantial and bouletic modals. The modal hierarchy is built upon data with multiple modals: epistemic > deontic > dynamic. The last part of the paper introduces the negative modal forms in Hainan Min. The scopal interaction between negation and modals is also discussed. The negation always scopes over modals. Key words: Hainan Min, modal hierarchy, modality, scopal interaction 1. Introduction The present study focuses on the modal structures in Hainan Min, which has rarely been explored in previous studies. As a branch of the Min dialects, Hainan Min is a Chinese dialect spoken on Hainan Island. While it is mostly assumed to be a dialect of Southern Min, Hainan Min and other dialects of Southern Min are barely mutually intelligible. There is not only a phonetic separation,1 but also lexical and syntactical divergences between Hainan Min and other Chinese dialects. For example, the Mandarin disposal marker ba corresponds to ɓue in Hainan Min. Unlike Mandarin ba, ɓue cannot take an animate complement and it can colloquially serve as a verb indi- cating ‘hold’. Unlike ka in Southern Min, ɓue does not perform multiple functions; for example it cannot serve as a benefactive marker.
    [Show full text]
  • LANGUAGE CONTACT and AREAL DIFFUSION in SINITIC LANGUAGES (Pre-Publication Version)
    LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES (pre-publication version) Hilary Chappell This analysis includes a description of language contact phenomena such as stratification, hybridization and convergence for Sinitic languages. It also presents typologically unusual grammatical features for Sinitic such as double patient constructions, negative existential constructions and agentive adversative passives, while tracing the development of complementizers and diminutives and demarcating the extent of their use across Sinitic and the Sinospheric zone. Both these kinds of data are then used to explore the issue of the adequacy of the comparative method to model linguistic relationships inside and outside of the Sinitic family. It is argued that any adequate explanation of language family formation and development needs to take into account these different kinds of evidence (or counter-evidence) in modeling genetic relationships. In §1 the application of the comparative method to Chinese is reviewed, closely followed by a brief description of the typological features of Sinitic languages in §2. The main body of this chapter is contained in two final sections: §3 discusses three main outcomes of language contact, while §4 investigates morphosyntactic features that evoke either the North-South divide in Sinitic or areal diffusion of certain features in Southeast and East Asia as opposed to grammaticalization pathways that are crosslinguistically common.i 1. The comparative method and reconstruction of Sinitic In Chinese historical
    [Show full text]
  • Borrowed Words from Japanese in Taiwan Min-Nan Dialect
    International Journal of Language and Linguistics Vol. 3, No. 2; June 2016 The Difference between Taiwan Min-nan Dialect and Fujian Min-nan Dialect: Borrowed Words from Japanese in Taiwan Min-nan Dialect Ya-Lan Tang Department of English Tamkang University 11F., No.3, Ln. 65, Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 25151, Taiwan Abstract Southern Min dialect (also called Min-nan or Hokkien) in Taiwan is usually called ‘Taiwanese.’ Though there are many other dialects in Taiwan, such as Hakka, Mandarin, aboriginal languages, people speak Min-nan are the majority in Taiwan society. It becomes naturally to call Southern Min dialect as Taiwanese. Taiwanese Min-nan dialect though came from Mainland China; however, Min-nan dialect in Taiwan is a little different from Min-nan dialect in Fujian, China. Some words which are commonly used in Taiwanese Min-nan dialect do not see in Min- nan dialect in Fujian. In this paper the writer, choose some Taiwanese Min-nan words which are actually from Japanese as materials to discuss the difference between Taiwanese Min-nan dialect and Min-nan in Fujian. Key Words: Taiwanese Min-nan, Fujian Min-nan, borrowed words. 1. Introduction Taiwanese Min-nan has been used in Taiwan for hundreds of years, and it is now different from its origin language, Fujian Min-nan dialect. In order to clarify the difference between Taiwan Min-nan dialect and Min-nan dialect in Fujian, the first point to make is the identity of Taiwanese people themselves. Language and identity cannot be separated. Therefore, based on this point of view, this paper is going to discuss three questions below: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • THE MEDIA's INFLUENCE on SUCCESS and FAILURE of DIALECTS: the CASE of CANTONESE and SHAAN'xi DIALECTS Yuhan Mao a Thesis Su
    THE MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF DIALECTS: THE CASE OF CANTONESE AND SHAAN’XI DIALECTS Yuhan Mao A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Language and Communication) School of Language and Communication National Institute of Development Administration 2013 ABSTRACT Title of Thesis The Media’s Influence on Success and Failure of Dialects: The Case of Cantonese and Shaan’xi Dialects Author Miss Yuhan Mao Degree Master of Arts in Language and Communication Year 2013 In this thesis the researcher addresses an important set of issues - how language maintenance (LM) between dominant and vernacular varieties of speech (also known as dialects) - are conditioned by increasingly globalized mass media industries. In particular, how the television and film industries (as an outgrowth of the mass media) related to social dialectology help maintain and promote one regional variety of speech over others is examined. These issues and data addressed in the current study have the potential to make a contribution to the current understanding of social dialectology literature - a sub-branch of sociolinguistics - particularly with respect to LM literature. The researcher adopts a multi-method approach (literature review, interviews and observations) to collect and analyze data. The researcher found support to confirm two positive correlations: the correlative relationship between the number of productions of dialectal television series (and films) and the distribution of the dialect in question, as well as the number of dialectal speakers and the maintenance of the dialect under investigation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to express sincere thanks to my advisors and all the people who gave me invaluable suggestions and help.
    [Show full text]
  • Untitled by Hung Chang (C
    SINOPHONE STUDIES Global Chinese Culture GLOBAL CHINESE CULTURE David Der-wei Wang, Editor Michael Berry, Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers Sylvia Li-chun Lin, Representing Atrocity in Taiwan: The 2/28 Incident and White Terror in Fiction and Film Michael Berry, A History of Pain: Literary and Cinematic Mappings of Violence in Modern China Alexander C. Y. Huang, Chinese Shakespeares: A Century of Cultural Exchange SINO ______________PHONE STUDIES A Critical Reader edited by SHU-MEI SHIH, CHIEN-HSIN TSAI, and BRIAN BERNARDS Columbia University Press New York Columbia University Press wishes to express its appreciation for assistance given by the Chiang Ching- kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange and Council for Cultural Affairs in the publication of this book. Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex cup.columbia.edu Copyright © 2013 Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sinophone studies : a critical reader / edited by Shu-mei Shih, Chien-hsin Tsai, and Brian Bernards. p. cm.—(Global Chinese culture) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-231-15750-6 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-231-15751-3 (pbk.)— ISBN 978-0-231-52710-1 (electronic) 1. Chinese diaspora. 2. Chinese–Foreign countries–Ethnic identity. 3. Chinese–Foreign countries– Intellectual life. 4. National characteristics, Chinese. I. Shi, Shumei, 1961–II. Tsai, Chien-hsin, 1975– III. Bernards, Brian. DS732.S57 2013 305.800951–dc23 2012011978 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. This book was printed on paper with recycled content.
    [Show full text]
  • Imperative Negatives in Earlier Southern Min and Their Later Development
    Imperative Negatives in Earlier Southern Min and their Later Development Chinfa LIEN* INTRODUCTION: THE FORMATION OF IMPERATIVE NEGATIVES Plain negation cannot take a verb phrase to form imperative negatives as negation lacks the illocutionary force of imperatives and only operates on the propositional content of a sentence (Frege 1970). Thus, in the formation of imperative negatives a plain negative adverb cannot be immediately followed by a verb and must be mediated by modals.1 We will first introduce types of negative words before touching on types of imperative negatives. Then we will examine imperative negatives in earlier and modern Southern Min texts. We will further dwell on competing candidates for the source of the fusional negative mai3 殰 exclusively used in imperatives before concluding the paper. The structure of the paper is organized as follows. Between the introduction and the conclusion there are five sections: 1. types of negative words, 2. types of imperative negatives, 3. imperative negatives in Ming and Qing texts, 4. imperative negatives in modern Southern Min texts, and 5. competing candidates of the source for mai3 殰. 1. TYPES OF NEGATIVE WORDS There are four types of negative words in Southern Min: (1) m7 伓, (2) bo5 無, (3) be7 袂, and (4) ber7 未 in present-day Southern Min. M7 伓 is a negative word with an optional sense of volitionality.2 Bo5 無 is believed to be a fusional * National Tsinghua University, Taiwan. * National Tsinghua University, Taiwan. Email: [email protected] 1 It is surely no accident that the functional word do as a kind of modal elements has to appear in the formation of imperative negatives in English.
    [Show full text]
  • LANGUAGE CONTACT and AREAL DIFFUSION in SINITIC LANGUAGES Hilary Chappell
    LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES Hilary Chappell To cite this version: Hilary Chappell. LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES. Alexandra Aikhenvald & RMW Dixon. Areal diffusion and genetic inheritance: problems for typology and genetic affiliation, Oxford University Press, pp.328-357, 2006, 0199283087. hal-00850205 HAL Id: hal-00850205 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00850205 Submitted on 5 Aug 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES (pre-publication version) Hilary Chappell This analysis includes a description of language contact phenomena such as stratification, hybridization and convergence for Sinitic languages. It also presents typologically unusual grammatical features for Sinitic such as double patient constructions, negative existential constructions and agentive adversative passives, while tracing the development of complementizers and diminutives and demarcating the extent of their use across Sinitic and the Sinospheric zone. Both these kinds of data are then used to explore the issue of the adequacy of the comparative method to model linguistic relationships inside and outside of the Sinitic family. It is argued that any adequate explanation of language family formation and development needs to take into account these different kinds of evidence (or counter-evidence) in modeling genetic relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Emergence of Unaccusative 'Give' Constructions in Chinese
    Linguistics 2018; 56(1): 19–68 Weirong Chen* and Foong Ha Yap Pathways to adversity and speaker affectedness: On the emergence of unaccusative ‘give’ constructions in Chinese https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2017-0038 Abstract: In this paper, we examine the characteristics of unaccusative ‘give’ constructions in Chinese, and additionally identify the pathways for their emergence in some Chinese dialects, in particular Southern Min and Mandarin varieties.1 We distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 unaccusative ‘give’ constructions, the former involving reversible ‘escape’-type intransitive predicates, and the latter irreversible ‘die’-type intransitive predicates. Type 1 constructions are attested in many Chinese varieties, such as Mandarin, Min, Wu, Hui, Hakka and Cantonese, whereas Type 2 constructions are more rare and thus far are mainly attested in Southern Min and some Mandarin varieties. Two major pathways in the development of unaccusative ‘give’ constructions are identified in this paper, namely, the causative pathway and the passive-mediated pathway. Our analysis also traces how the unaccusative ‘give’ construction develops into a marker of adversity and speaker affectedness. The findings of this study have implications for understanding the relationship between changes in valence (i.e., the number of core arguments that are profiled in a given construction) and speaker’ssubjectivestance. Keywords: ‘give’ constructions, unintentional causative, passive, unaccusative, speaker affectedness marker 1 Introduction Versatile constructions are known to be a frequent conduit for the emergence of a wide range of new grammatical and pragmatic functions. Among the most 1 In this paper, the terms dialect and variety are sometimes used interchangeably, with the term variety being the more general term that can also include variations within dialects.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Min (Hokkien) As a Migrating Language a Comparative Study of Language Shift and Maintenance Across National Borders 123 Springerbriefs in Linguistics
    SPRINGER BRIEFS IN LINGUISTICS Picus Sizhi Ding Southern Min (Hokkien) as a Migrating Language A Comparative Study of Language Shift and Maintenance Across National Borders 123 SpringerBriefs in Linguistics Series editor Helen Aristar-Dry, Linguist List, Ypsilanti, MI, USA and Dripping Springs, TX, USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11940 Picus Sizhi Ding Southern Min (Hokkien) as a Migrating Language A Comparative Study of Language Shift and Maintenance Across National Borders 123 Picus Sizhi Ding Pokfulam Hong Kong ISSN 2197-0009 ISSN 2197-0017 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Linguistics ISBN 978-981-287-593-8 ISBN 978-981-287-594-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-594-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015949453 Springer Singapore Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • I Dialect Differences in the Production and Perception of Mandarin
    Dialect Differences in the Production and Perception of Mandarin Chinese Tones Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Chiung-Yun Chang Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing Science all The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Robert A. Fox, Advisor Marjorie K.M. Chan Ewa Jacewicz i Copyright by Chiung-Yun Chang 2010 ii Abstract The production study examined the three main acoustic properties, fundamental frequency (f0), rms amplitude and duration, of the four lexical tones in Beijing Mandarin (BM) and Taiwan Mandarin (TM) produced in isolation and in a sentence-medial position by native female speakers of these two regional dialects. Acoustical and statistical analyses showed cross-dialectal differences in tonal realization, especially for Tone 3 produced in isolation. Specifically, a citation BM Tone 3 has a dipping contour with an inflection point around the mid of the vowel whereas TM Tone 3 has a falling pattern. Similarly, the amplitude envelope of the citation Tone 3 in BM and TM had a double-peak and a falling pattern, respectively. Accordingly, BM Tone 3 in isolation was the only tone that was statistically significantly different from the TM counterpart, with the former being 141 ms longer. In addition, cross-correlation analyses between f0 contours and amplitude contours showed that acoustic divergence in citation Tone 3 resulted in different relational patterns between amplitude contours and f0 contours and among tones in two dialects. Specifically, the low-falling amplitude contour of TM Tone 3 in isolation was highly correctly with the f0 contours of not only Tone 3 and but also Tone 4 which have the similar falling pattern.
    [Show full text]