Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project ofTrionychidae the IUCN/SSC Tortoise— Nilssonia and Freshwater leithii Turtle Specialist Group 075.1 A.G.J. Rhodin, P.C.H. Pritchard, P.P. van Dijk, R.A. Saumure, K.A. Buhlmann, J.B. Iverson, and R.A. Mittermeier, Eds. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.075.leithii.v1.2014 © 2014 by Chelonian Research Foundation • Published 17 February 2014 Nilssonia leithii (Gray 1872) – Leith’s Softshell Turtle INDRANE I L DAS 1, SHASHWAT SI RS I 2, KARTH ik EYAN VASUDE V AN 3, AND B.H.C.K. MURTHY 4 1Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia [
[email protected]]; 2Turtle Survival Alliance-India, D-1/316 Sector F, Janakipuram, Lucknow 226 021, India [
[email protected]]; 3Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pillar 162, PVNR Expressway, Hyderguda, Hyderabad 500 048, India [
[email protected]]; 4Zoological Survey of India, J.L. Nehru Road, Kolkata 700 016, India [
[email protected]] SU mm ARY . – Leith’s Softshell Turtle, Nilssonia leithii (Family Trionychidae), is a large turtle, known to attain at least 720 mm in carapace length (bony disk plus fibrocartilage flap), and possibly as much as 1000 mm. The species inhabits the rivers and reservoirs of southern peninsular India, replacing the more familiar Indian Softshell Turtle, N. gangetica, of northern India. The turtle is apparently rare within its range, even within protected areas, which is suspected to be due to a past history of exploitation.